"text":"First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the status of an overseas collectivity in 2003."
}
},
"Geography":{
"Location":{
"text":"Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)"
"text":"<br>The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text":"overfishing; recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment"
},
"Climate":{
"text":"cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy"
},
"Land use":{
"agricultural land":{
"text":"8.7% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: arable land":{
"text":"arable land: 8.7% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: permanent crops":{
"text":"permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: permanent pasture":{
"text":"permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)"
},
"forest":{
"text":"12.5% (2018 est.)"
},
"other":{
"text":"78.8% (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Urbanization":{
"urban population":{
"text":"90% of total population (2021)"
},
"rate of urbanization":{
"text":"0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
"text":"none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 2 communes at the second order - Saint Pierre, Miquelon"
},
"Independence":{
"text":"none (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)"
},
"National holiday":{
"text":"Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790)"
},
"Constitution":{
"history":{
"text":"4 October 1958 (French Constitution)"
},
"amendments":{
"text":"amendment procedures of France's constitution apply"
"text":"French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 April and 6 May 2017 (next to be held in 2022); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior"
"text":"unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats - Saint Pierre 15,Miquelon 4; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 6-year terms);<br>Saint Pierre and Miquelon indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college to serve a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote to serve a 5-year term"
"text":"Territorial Council - last held on 19 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2023)<br>French Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held no later than September 2023)<br>French National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)"
"text":"Territorial Council - percent of vote by party - AD 70.2%, Cap sur l'Avenir 29.8%; seats by party - AD 17, Cap sur l'Avenir 2; composition - men 10, women 9, percent of women 47.4%<br>French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PS 1 (affiliated with UMP)<br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ensemble pour l'Avenir 1 (affiliated with PRG); the Republicans (LR) 1"
"text":"Archipelago Tomorrow or AD (affiliated with UMP)<br>Cap sur l'Avenir [Annick GIRARDIN] (affiliated with Left Radical Party)<br>Togerther for the Future (Ensemble pour l'Avenir) (affiliated with PRG) SPM ensemble"
"text":"a yellow three-masted sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a blue background with scattered, white, wavy lines under the ship; a continuous black-over-white wavy line divides the ship from the white wavy lines; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the blue on the main portion of the flag symbolizes the Atlantic Ocean and the stylized ship represents the Grande Hermine in which Jacques Cartier \"discovered\" the islands in 1536",
"text":"<p>The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. The services sector accounted for 86% of GDP in 2010, the last year data is available for. Government employment accounts for than 46% of the GDP, and 78% of the population is working age.</p><p></p><p>The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Trade is the second largest sector in terms of value added created, where it contributes significantly to economic activity. The extractive industries and energy sector is the third largest sector of activity in the archipelago, attributable in part to the construction of a new thermal power plant in 2015.</p>"
"text":"country code - 508; landing point for the St Pierre and Miquelon Cable connecting Saint Pierre & Miquelon and Canada; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system (2019)"
"note":"<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
"text":"8 TV stations, all part of the French Overseas Network, and local cable provided by SPM Telecom; 3 of 4 radio stations on St. Pierre and on Miquelon are part of the French Overseas Network (2021)"
