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africa/bn.json
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@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
"text": "260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Benin participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against the terrorist group Boko Haram (see Appendix T) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria<br> <p>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and secondhand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises</p> (2022)"
"text": "as of 2022, a key focus for the security forces of Benin was countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from north Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" with terrorism after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; in addition, the FAB participated in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border <br><br>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and secondhand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"</p>"

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africa/cd.json
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@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "18.1 years (2014/15 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "1,140 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1176,8 +1176,8 @@
"text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21 (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "1,425 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)",
"note": "note(s) - Chad is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; Chad has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; Chad hosts the headquarters of Operation Barkhane in N’Djamena<br><br>Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria’s Borno State to fight BH as part of the MNJTF mission"
"text": "1,425 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)<br><br>note - Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria’s Borno State to fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF mission",
"note": "note - Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria&rsquo;s Borno State to fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF mission"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the ANT was chiefly focused on counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it was engaged with the Boko Haram (BH) and the Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups in the Lake Chad Basin area (primarily the Lac Province) and in the Sahel, particularly the tri-border area with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger; in addition, the ANT was conducting operations against internal anti-government militias and armed dissident groups; several Chadian rebel groups, including the Union of Resistance Forces (UFR) and the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), operate in northern Chad from bases in Libya; former Chadian President Idriss DEBY<strong> </strong>was killed in April 2021 during fighting in the northern part of the country between FACT and the Chadian Army"

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africa/cf.json
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@ -237,8 +237,8 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.8 years (2011/12 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"text": "19.6 years (2011/12 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "378 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"

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africa/cg.json
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@ -672,7 +672,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant)<br><br>Charge d'Affaires Thomas MBIMBA, Counselor (since 21 December 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Thomas MBIMBA, Counselor (since 21 December 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1100 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 725, Washington DC 20036"

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africa/cm.json
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@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "750 (plus about 350 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (Jan 2022)",
"note": "note - Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations occur occasionally"
"note": "note - Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations occur occasionally"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the FAC was largely focused on the threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of early 2022, this internal conflict has left an estimated 4,000 civilians dead and over 700,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deployed units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits"

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africa/eg.json
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@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
"text": "Port Said (East) (3,816,084) (2019)"
},
"LNG terminal(s) (export)": {
"text": "Damietta, Idku (Abu Qir Bay)"
"text": "Damietta, Idku (Abu Qir Bay), Sumed"
},
"note": "Gulf of Suez - Suez"
}

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africa/ga.json
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@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant)<br><br>Charge d’Affaires Mustapha SOSSEH (16 March 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d&rsquo;Affaires Mustapha SOSSEH (16 March 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "5630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011"

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africa/iv.json
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@ -659,7 +659,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Ibrahima TOURE (since 13 January 2022))"
"text": "Ambassador Ibrahima TOURE (since 13 January 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

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africa/li.json
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@ -353,6 +353,12 @@
"text": "10.9% (2019/20)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "NA"
},
"women married by age 18": {
"text": "NA"
},
"men married by age 18": {
"text": "8.4% (2020 est.)"
}

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africa/ml.json
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@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@
"text": "until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>as of 2022, Malian security forces were actively conducting operations against several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups, particularly in the central and northern regions of the country <br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of February 2022, MINUSMA had around 14,000 personnel deployed<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) and the French military (under a separate, bi-lateral mission) have also operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; as 2021, the mission included almost 700 personnel from 25 European countries; as of early 2022, the French had approximately 2,400 troops providing military assistance and conducting counter-terrorism/counter-insurgency operations; note - in February 2022, France and European members of the French-led Task Force Takuba announced they would remove their personnel from Mali, citing obstructions from the ruling military government; in April of 2022, the EU said it would halt its training program in Mali<br><br>in December 2021, the Malian military government contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials (2022)"
"text": "prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>as of 2022, Malian security forces were actively conducting operations against several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups, particularly in the central and northern regions of the country where the government was reportedly in control of an estimated 10-20% of the territory<br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of February 2022, MINUSMA had around 14,000 personnel deployed<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) and the French military (under a separate, bi-lateral mission) have also operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; as 2021, the mission included almost 700 personnel from 25 European countries; as of early 2022, the French had approximately 2,400 troops providing military assistance and conducting counter-terrorism/counter-insurgency operations; note - in February 2022, France and European members of the French-led Task Force Takuba announced they would remove their personnel from Mali, citing obstructions from the ruling military government; in April of 2022, the EU said it would halt its training program in Mali<br><br>in December 2021, the Malian military government contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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africa/mr.json
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@ -239,8 +239,8 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.4 years (2019-2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"text": "21.8 years (2019/21)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "766 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"

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africa/ng.json
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@ -228,8 +228,8 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.4 years (2012 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"text": "18.5 years (2012 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "509 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "870 Mali (MINUSMA) (Feb 2022)",
"note": "note(s) - Niger is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Chad; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane<br><br>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against against the terrorist group Boko Haram (see Appendix T<u>)</u>; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
"note": "note(s) - Niger is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Chad; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane<br><br>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the FAN was conducting counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against Islamic militants on two fronts; in the Diffa region, the Nigeria-based Boko Haram terrorist group has conducted dozens of attacks on security forces, army bases, and civilians; on Niger&rsquo;s western border with Mali, the Islamic State-West Africa (ISWA) has conducted numerous attacks on security personnel; a series of ISWA attacks on FAN forces near the Malian border in December of 2019 and January of 2020 resulted in the deaths of more than 170 soldiers; terrorist attacks continued into 2022 (2022)"

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africa/ni.json
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@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)",
"note": "note - Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; the national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
"note": "note - Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the Nigerian military was sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; it was focused largely on internal security and faced a number of challenges that have stretched its resources, however; the Army was deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it was conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009 (as of 2022); in the northwest, it faced growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with historical and ongoing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; bandits in the northwest were estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 since the mid-2010s; the military also continued to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; beginning in May 2021, a contingent of military troops and police were deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)<br><br>as of 2022, the Navy was focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a significant number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets <p>the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960</p>"

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africa/od.json
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@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>South Sudan- Central African Republic: </em>periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights<br><br><em>South Sudan-Kenya:</em> the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times</p> <p><em>South Sudan-Sudan:</em> present boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on US maps although it is mostly occupied by Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups</p>"
"text": "<p><em>South Sudan- Central African Republic: </em>periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights<br><br><em>South Sudan-Democratic Republic of the Congo</em>: none identified<br><br><em>South Sudan-Ethiopia</em>: the unresolved demarcation of the boundary and lack of clear limitation create substantial room for territorial conflict both locally among the border populations and between the two capitals; besides a large number of indigenous farmers, the border region supports refugees and various rebel groups opposed to the governments in Khartoum and Addis Ababa</p> <p><br><em>South Sudan-Kenya:</em> the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the Ilemi Triangle has been unclear since British colonial times; Kenya has administered the area since colonial times</p> <p><em>South Sudan-Sudan:</em> present boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on US maps although it is mostly occupied by Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations interim security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent, Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups</p> <p><em>South Sudan-Uganda</em>: Lord’s Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State displace and drive out local populations and steal grain stores</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/rw.json
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@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "22.7 years (2014/15 est.)",
"text": "23 years (2019/20 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {

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africa/se.json
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@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Seychelles-UK</em>: Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {

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africa/sf.json
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@ -1232,8 +1232,7 @@
"note": "note - in 2019, women comprised about 30% of the SANDF"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "930 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)",
"note": "note - in 2021, South Africa sent a contingent of about 1,500 troops to Mozambique as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) force to help quell an insurgency; in"
"text": "930 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa&rsquo;s most capable militaries; it participated regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and had the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls (2022)"
@ -1247,7 +1246,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River</p>"
"text": "<p><em>South Africa-Botswana</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>South Africa-Eswatini</em>: Eswatini seeks to reclaim land it says was stolen by South Africa</p> <p><em>South Africa-Lesotho</em>: crossborder livestock thieving, smuggling of drugs and arms, and illegal migration are problematic</p> <p><em>South Africa-Mozambique</em>: animal poachers cross the South Africa-Mozambique border to hunt wildlife in South Africa’s Kruger National Park; border fences were removed in some areas to allow animals to roam between nature reserves in the two countries; improved patrols, technology, and crossborder cooperation are reducing the problem</p> <p><em>South Africa-Namibia</em>: the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; the location of the border could affect diamond mining rights; South Africa has always claimed that the northern bank of the Orange River is the border between the two countries, while Namibia’s constitution states that the border lies in the middle of the Orange River</p> <p><em>South Africa-various</em>: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration</p> <p><em>South Africa-Zimbabwe</em>: Zimbabweans migrate illegally into South Africa in search of work or smuggle goods to sell at a profit back home</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/sg.json
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}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.9 years (2018 est.)",
"text": "21.9 years (2019 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>cross-border trafficking in persons, timber, wildlife, and cannabis; rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Senegal-Guinea-Bissau</em>: rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/sh.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

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africa/sl.json
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@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Sierra Leone opposes Guinean troops' continued occupation of Yenga, a small village on the Makona River that serves as a border with Guinea; Guinea's forces came to Yenga in the mid-1990s to help the Sierra Leonean military to suppress rebels and to secure their common border but have remained there even after both countries signed a 2005 agreement acknowledging that Yenga belonged to Sierra Leone; in 2012, the two sides signed a declaration to demilitarize the area</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Sierra Leone-Guinea</em>: Sierra Leone opposed Guinean troops' continued occupation of Yenga, a small village on the Makona River that serves as a border with Guinea; Guinea's forces came to Yenga in the mid-1990s to help the Sierra Leonean military to suppress rebels and to secure their common border but remained there even after both countries signed a 2005 agreement acknowledging that Yenga belonged to Sierra Leone; in 2012, the two sides signed a declaration to demilitarize the area; in 2019, Sierra Leone’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation stated that the dispute over Yenga had been resolved; however, at a 2021 ECOWAS meeting, Sierra Leone’s President BIO called on the bloc to help resolve an incursion of Guinean troops in Yenga</p> <p><em>Sierra Leone-Liberia</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {

2
africa/so.json
View file

@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera to landlocked Ethiopia and have established commercial ties with other regional states; \"Puntland\" and \"Somaliland\" \"governments\" seek international support in their secessionist aspirations and overlapping border claims; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Somalia-Djibouti</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Somalia-Ethiopia</em>: Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; the border between the Ogaden region of eastern Ethiopia, which is inhabited by ethnic Somalis, and Somalia is only partially demarcated under colonial rule and has been the source of tension for decades</p> <p><em>Somalia-Kenya</em>:<strong> </strong>Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; in 2015, the Kenyan Government began building a wall along the border to prevent the crossborder movement of militant groups; the boundary separates ethnic Somalis; in October 2021, the Somalia-Kenya Indian Ocean boundary dispute was decided by the International Court of Justice; the ruling adjusted the boundary slightly north of Somalia’s claim giving Somalia the majority of the contested maritime territory, which is believed to contain rich oil and natural gas deposits; while the decision is legally binding, it has no enforcement mechanism, and Kenya has said it will not abide by it</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
africa/su.json
View file

@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "ethnic and rebel militia fighting in Sudan since the mid-20th century have impacted most neighboring states; the Dafur conflict has repeatedly impacted Sudan's relations with Chad; after briefly severing diplomatic relations, Chad-Sudan normalized relations and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force to deter cross-border banditry and violence; Chad subsequently played a constructive role in attempting to resolve the Dafur conflict; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate and police the porous boundary with Ethiopia and Eritrea; as of early 2019, more than 590,000 Sudanese refugees are being hosted in the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Sudan; Sudan, in turn, is hosting more than 975,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including more than 845,000 from South Sudan; Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; Sudan and Ethiopia both claim the Al-Fashaga region and conflict broke out there in 2018; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; the South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan"
"text": "<p><em>Sudan-Central African Republic</em>: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights; Sudan closed its border with the Central African Republic in January 2022 due to security concerns</p> <p><em>Sudan-Chad</em>: Chad wants to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; however, since the August 2020 Juba Peace Agreement between the Sudanese Government and the Sudanese Revolutionary Front and the termination of the UN’s peacekeeping mission, UNAMID, at the end of 2020, violence continues to break out over land and water access</p> <p><em>Sudan-Egypt</em>: Sudan claims, but Egypt de facto administers, security and economic development of the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary</p> <p><em>Sudan-Eritrea</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Sudan-Ethiopia</em>: civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia; clashes continue between Sudan and Ethiopia over al-Fashaga, a fertile piece of land inhabited by Ethiopian farmers for years until the Sudanese army expelled them in December 2020, claiming the land belonged to Sudan based on colonial-era maps from over 100 years ago; in February, 2022, the two countries were discussing resuming talks over the border conflict</p> <p><em>Sudan-Libya</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Sudan-South Sudan</em>: the South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

10
africa/to.json
View file

@ -224,8 +224,8 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.9 years (2013/14 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"text": "25 years (2017 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "396 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@
"note": "note - in January 2022, the Togolese Government announced its intent to boost the size of the FAT to more than 20,000 by 2025"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of newer--largely secondhand--equipment, such as patrol boats, from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2022)"
"text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; no conscription; women have been able to serve since 2007 (2022)"
@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@
"text": "730 (plus about 300 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (Feb 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country&rsquo;s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, as well as increase its role in UN peacekeeping activities; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea (2022)"
"text": "the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, as well as increase its role in UN peacekeeping activities; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea<br><br>in June 2022, the Togolese Government declared a state of emergency in its northern border region due to the threat from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), an al-Qa'ida-affiliated terrorist coalition that is based in Mali, but also operates in neighboring Burkina Faso; the declaration followed an attack on a Togolese military post in May that killed 8 soldiers and a Togolese military operation launched the same month to boost border security and prevent terrorist infiltrations (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""
@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Togo-Benin</em>: in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; Benin’s and Togo’s Adjrala hydroelectric dam project on the Mona River, proposed in the 1990s, commenced in 2017 with funding from a Chinese bank</p> <p><em>Togo-Burkina Faso</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Togo-Ghana</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

13
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -335,17 +335,6 @@
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "1.6% (2018)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "0% (2018)"
},
"women married by age 18": {
"text": "1.5% (2018)"
},
"men married by age 18": {
"text": "0% (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "7.3% of GDP (2016)"
},
@ -1175,7 +1164,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Tanzania-Burundi</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Democratic Republic of the Congo</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Kenya</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Malawi</em>: dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Mozambique</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Rwanda</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Uganda</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

4
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -1218,11 +1218,11 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders<br><br><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda have begun a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021 <br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores</p>"
"text": "<p>Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders<br><br><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda have begun a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing<br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores<br><br><em>Uganda-Sudan</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "938,138 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 462,120 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 41,766 (Burundi), 56,894 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 25,915 (Rwanda), 22,505 (Eritrea) (2022)"
"text": "939,138 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 462,120 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 58,085 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,766 (Burundi), 25,915 (Rwanda), 22,505 (Eritrea) (2022)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

2
africa/uv.json
View file

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
"text": "<p>three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert</p>"
},
"Terrain": {
"text": "Mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast.  Occupies an extensive plateau with savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. (2019)"
"text": "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast; occupies an extensive plateau with savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south"
},
"Elevation": {
"highest point": {

2
africa/za.json
View file

@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Zambia-Angola: </em>because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary<em><br><br>Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): </em>boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto<br><br><em>Zambia-Zimbabwe: </em>in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Zambia-Angola: </em>because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary<em><br><br>Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): </em>boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto</p> <p><em>Zambia-Tanzania</em>: some drug smuggling may take place across the Zambia-Tanzania border; there are no known current territorial issues, as both states have continued to recognize the colonial boundaries last modified in 1937; the boundary in Lake Tanganyika remains undefined.<br><br><em>Zambia-Zimbabwe: </em>in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Zimbabwe-South Africa: </em>South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration<em><br><br>Zimbabwe-Zambia: </em>in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Zimbabwe-Mozambique: none identified<br><br>Zimbabwe-South Africa: </em>South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration<em><br><br>Zimbabwe-Zambia: </em>in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
antarctica/fs.json
View file

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
},
"Natural resources": {
"text": "fish, crayfish, note, Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) have guano, phosphates, and coconuts",
"note": "<strong>note</strong> - in the 1950's and 1960's, several species of trout were introduced to Iles Kerguelen of which two, Brown trout and Brook trout, survived to establish wild populations; reindeer were also introduced to Iles Kerguelen in 1956 as a source of fresh meat for whaling crews, the herd today, one of two in the Southern Hemisphere, is estimated to number around 4,000"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in the 1950's and 1960's, several species of trout were introduced to Iles Kerguelen of which two, Brown trout and Brook trout, survived to establish wild populations; reindeer were also introduced to Iles Kerguelen in 1956 as a source of fresh meat for whaling crews, the herd today, one of two in the Southern Hemisphere, is estimated to number around 4,000"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Eparses subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard since it is under water for a period of three hours prior to and following the high tide and surrounded by reefs</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Reunion Island - Piton de la Fournaise (2,632 m), which has erupted many times in recent years including 2010, 2015, and 2017, is one of the world's most active volcanoes; although rare, eruptions outside the volcano's caldera could threaten nearby cities</p>"

2
australia-oceania/as.json
View file

@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@
"note": "note - in 2020-2021, women comprised nearly 20% of the ADF"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951<br><br>Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation</p> <p>Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues</p> <p>in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy</p> <p>since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor</p> (2022)"
"text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; Australia is also is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily <br><br>Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation <br><br>Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues <br><br>in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy <br><br>since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

2
australia-oceania/bp.json
View file

@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>since 2003, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, has assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security</p>"
"text": "<p>from 2003 to 2017, at the request of the Solomon Islands Governor-General, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI), consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/ck.json
View file

@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"female": {
"text": "(2021 est.) NA"
"text": "NA"
}
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {

2
australia-oceania/cq.json
View file

@ -780,7 +780,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/kt.json
View file

@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
},
"Infant mortality rate": {
"total": {
"text": "(2018) NA"
"text": "NA"
},
"male": {
"text": "NA"

2
australia-oceania/ne.json
View file

@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"female": {
"text": "(2021 est.) NA"
"text": "NA"
}
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {

2
australia-oceania/nf.json
View file

@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
},
"Infant mortality rate": {
"total": {
"text": "(2018) NA"
"text": "NA"
},
"male": {
"text": "NA"

2
australia-oceania/nh.json
View file

@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Vanuatu-France</em>: Matthew and Hunter Islands, two uninhabited islands east of New Caledonia, claimed by Vanuatu and France; in January 2019, a French naval mission landed officers on the islands to reinforce France’s sovereignty; in November 2021, French vessels fishing near the islands raised tensions</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/nz.json
View file

@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@
"text": "up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s<br><br>New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments<br><br></p> <p> </p>"
"text": "New Zealand is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily <br><br>New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s <br><br>New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

2
australia-oceania/pc.json
View file

@ -536,7 +536,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

14
australia-oceania/ps.json
View file

@ -358,6 +358,12 @@
"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
"total": {
"text": "5.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "NA"
},
"female": {
"text": "(2014) NA"
}
}
},
@ -742,6 +748,12 @@
"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
"total": {
"text": "5.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "NA"
},
"female": {
"text": "(2014) NA"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -966,7 +978,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Palau-Indonesia</em>: maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia</p> <p><em>Palau-Philippines</em>: maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia</p>"
}
}
}

4
australia-oceania/tl.json
View file

@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"female": {
"text": "(2021 est.) NA"
"text": "NA"
}
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {
@ -612,7 +612,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Tokelau-American Samoa (US)</em>: Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American Samoa</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/tn.json
View file

@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>maritime boundary dispute with Fiji</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p><em>Tonga-Fiji</em>: Fiji does not recognize Tonga’s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters; the Minerva Reefs’ 200-mile exclusive economic zone includes valuable fishing grounds</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/tv.json
View file

@ -910,7 +910,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/um.json
View file

@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/wf.json
View file

@ -713,7 +713,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/wq.json
View file

@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>claimed by Marshall Islands</p>"
"text": "<p><em>US-Marshall Islands: </em>in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory; control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands’ exclusive economic zone; the US State Department is assembling a group of experts from both countries to discuss the maritime boundary</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/ws.json
View file

@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json
View file

@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew Michael HOLNESS]<br>People's National Party or PNP [Mark GOLDING]<br>United Independents' Congress or UIC [Joseph PATTERSON]<br>Jamaica Progressive Party or JPP [Gilbert EDWARDS]</p>"
"text": "<p>Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew Michael HOLNESS]<br>Jamaica Progressive Party or JPP [Gilbert EDWARDS]<br>People's National Party or PNP [Mark GOLDING]<br>United Independents' Congress or UIC [Joseph PATTERSON]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

5
central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json
View file

@ -631,5 +631,10 @@
"Military - note": {
"text": "defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "non identified"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json
View file

@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Panama-Colombia</em>: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama</p> <p><em>Panama-Costa Rica</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

3
central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json
View file

@ -517,6 +517,9 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe</p>"
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json
View file

@ -963,7 +963,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work</p>"
"text": "<p>illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json
View file

@ -974,7 +974,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Saint Kitts and Nevis-Venezuela</em>: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/st.json
View file

@ -993,7 +993,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Saint Lucia-Venezuela</em>: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"

5
central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json
View file

@ -473,5 +473,10 @@
"Military - note": {
"text": "defense is the responsibility of France"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/td.json
View file

@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration, as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may also extend into its waters</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados</em>: Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ</p> <p><em>Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados-Guyana-Venezuela</em>: in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration, as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may also extend into its waters</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json
View file

@ -803,7 +803,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json
View file

@ -960,7 +960,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela</em>: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json
View file

@ -814,7 +814,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-asia/rs.json
View file

@ -1282,11 +1282,11 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries; China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes; the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010; various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands; Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia and Latvia; Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia; Kazakhstan and Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005 and field demarcation should commence in 2007; Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission</p>"
"text": "<p>Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries</p> <p><em>Russia-China</em>: Russia and China have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes</p> <p><em>Russia-Denmark-Norway</em>: Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission</p> <p><em>Russia and Estonia</em>: Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; negotiations were reopened in 2012, and a treaty was signed in 2014 without the disputed preamble, but neither country has ratified it as of 2020</p> <p><em>Russia-Finland</em>: various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands</p> <p><em>Russia-Georgia</em>: Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; in 2011, Russia began to put up fences and barbed wire to fortify South Ossetia, physically dividing villages in the process; Russia continues to move the South Ossetia border fences further into Georgian territory</p> <p><em>Russia-Japan:</em> the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities</p> <p><em>Russia-Kazakhstan</em>: Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005; field demarcation commenced in 2007 and was expected to be completed by 2013</p> <p><em>Russia-Lithuania</em>: Russia and Lithuania committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; border demarcation was completed in 2018; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply</p> <p><em>Russia-North Korea</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Russia-Norway</em>: Russia and Norway signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, opening the disputed territory for oil and natural gas exploration; a visa-free travel agreement for persons living near the border went into effect in May 2012</p> <p><em>Russia-Ukraine</em>: Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia</p> <p><em>Russia-US</em>: Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; the southwesterly \"Western Limit\" places about 70% of the Bering Sea under U.S. maritime jurisdiction</p> <p><em>Russia-various</em>: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "1,230,800 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)"
"text": "1,305,018 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "56,960 (mid-year 2021); note - Russia's stateless population consists of Roma, Meskhetian Turks, and ex-Soviet citizens from the former republics; between 2003 and 2010 more than 600,000 stateless people were naturalized; most Meskhetian Turks, followers of Islam with origins in Georgia, fled or were evacuated from Uzbekistan after a 1989 pogrom and have lived in Russia for more than the required five-year residency period; they continue to be denied registration for citizenship and basic rights by local Krasnodar Krai authorities on the grounds that they are temporary illegal migrants"

5
central-asia/ti.json
View file

@ -223,8 +223,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.9 years (2017 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"text": "23.2 years (2017 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1148,7 +1147,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Tajikistan-Afghanistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tajikistan-China</em>: in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; in 2011, Tajikistan and China ratified the 2002 border demarcation agreement whereby Tajikistan ceded approximately 1,100 square kilometers in the Pamirs to China</p> <p><em>Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan</em>: disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan; in May 2021, both countries agreed to a ceasefire following recent clashes at their border</p> <p><em>Tajikistan-Uzbekistan</em>: talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and clear minefields; as of January 2020, Uzbekistan reported that it had cleared all mines along its side of the border</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
central-asia/tx.json
View file

@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; bilateral talks continue with Azerbaijan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan</em>: in January 2021, the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea</p> <p><em>Turkmenistan-Iran</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan</em>: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan signed a treaty on the delimitation and demarcation process in 2001; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to their border in the Caspian Sea in 2014</p> <p><em>Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan</em>: in 2017, the three countries signed an agreement of the junction of their borders</p> <p><em>Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan</em>: cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {

2
central-asia/uz.json
View file

@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Uzbekistan-Afghanistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan</em>: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and plan to hold another meeting in April 2022</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan</em>: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalized</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Tajikistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan</em>: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {

10
east-n-southeast-asia/id.json
View file

@ -599,10 +599,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014, reelected 17 April 2019, inauguration 19 October 2019); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Joko \"Jokowi\" WIDODO (since 20 October 2014, reelected 17 April 2019, inauguration 19 October 2019); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019)"
"text": "President Joko \"Jokowi\" WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president"
@ -670,13 +670,13 @@
"text": "Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5, Jakarta 10110"
},
"mailing address": {
"text": "8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 8200"
"text": "8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-8200"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[62] (21) 5083-1000 (2020)"
"text": "[62] (21) 5083-1000"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[62] (21) 385-7189 (2018)"
"text": "[62] (21) 385-7189"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>jakartaacs@state.gov<br><br>https://id.usembassy.gov/"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/la.json
View file

@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
"text": "President THONGLOUN Sisoulit (since 22 March 2021); Vice President PANI Yathotou; Vice President BOUNTHONG Chitmani (since 22 March 2021)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister PHANKHAM Viphavan (since 22 March 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers CHANSAMON Chan-gnalat, SONXAI Siphandon, KIKEO Khaikhamphithoun (since 22 March 2021)"
"text": "Prime Minister PHANKHAM Viphavan (since 22 March 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers CHANSAMON Chan-gnalat, SONXAI Siphandon, KIKEO Khaikhamphithoun (since 22 March 2021); VILAI Lakhamfong, SALEUMXAI Kommasit (since June 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/my.json
View file

@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@
"text": "830 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Feb 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "maritime security has long been a top priority for the Malaysian Armed Forces, but it has received even greater emphasis in the 2000s, particularly anti-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca and countering Chinese naval incursions in Malaysia&rsquo;s Economic Exclusion Zone, as well as addressing identified shortfalls in maritime capabilities; as such, it has undertaken modest efforts to procure more modern ships, improve air and maritime surveillance, expand the Navy&rsquo;s support infrastructure (particularly bases/ports) and domestic ship-building capacities, restructure naval command and control, and increase naval cooperation with regional and international partners; as of 2022, for example, the Navy had 6 frigates fitting out or under construction and scheduled for completion by 2023, which will increase the number of operational frigates from 2 to 8; in addition, it began tri-lateral air and naval patrols with Indonesia and the Philippines in 2017; Malaysia also cooperates closely with the US military, including on maritime surveillance and participating regularly in bilateral and multilateral training exercises (2022)"
"text": "maritime security has long been a top priority for the Malaysian Armed Forces, but it has received even greater emphasis in the 2000s, particularly anti-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca and countering Chinese naval incursions in Malaysia’s Economic Exclusion Zone, as well as addressing identified shortfalls in maritime capabilities; as such, it has undertaken modest efforts to procure more modern ships, improve air and maritime surveillance, expand the Navy’s support infrastructure (particularly bases/ports) and domestic ship-building capacities, restructure naval command and control, and increase naval cooperation with regional and international partners; as of 2022, for example, the Navy had 6 frigates fitting out or under construction and scheduled for completion by 2023, which will increase the number of operational frigates from 2 to 8; in addition, it began tri-lateral air and naval patrols with Indonesia and the Philippines in 2017; Malaysia also cooperates closely with the US military, including on maritime surveillance and participating regularly in bilateral and multilateral training exercises<br><br>Malaysia is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift; the Singapore Straits saw 35 attacks against commercial vessels in 2021, a 50% increase over 2020 and the highest number of incidents reported since 1992; vessels were boarded in 33 of the 35 incidents, one crew was injured, another assaulted and two threatened during these incidents</p>"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json
View file

@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>occupied by China, also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Paracel Islands-China-Taiwan-Vietnam</em>: occupied by China, also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam</p>"
}
}
}

2
east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json
View file

@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China (including Taiwan) and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines; despite no public territorial claim to Louisa Reef, Brunei implicitly lays claim by including it within the natural prolongation of its continental shelf and basis for a seabed median with Vietnam; claimants in November 2002 signed the \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam</em>: all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China (including Taiwan) and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines; despite no public territorial claim to Louisa Reef, Brunei implicitly lays claim by including it within the natural prolongation of its continental shelf and basis for a seabed median with Vietnam; the islands are strategically located in the South China Sea and are surrounded by rich fishing groups and potential oil and natural gas deposits; claimants in November 2002 signed the \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" which eased tensions but fell short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; China’s island-building and military presence in the archipelago remain controversial</p>"
}
}
}

5
east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json
View file

@ -225,7 +225,8 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> median age a first birth among women 25-49"
"text": "21.9 years (2016/18)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age a first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1159,7 +1160,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Papua New Guinea-Australia</em>: relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json
View file

@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef (also claimed by China together with Taiwan) and over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Philippines-Taiwan-China-Malaysia-Vietnam</em>: Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef (also claimed by China together with Taiwan) and over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands</p> <p><em>Philippines-Malaysia</em>: Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; the disagreement resurfaced in September 2020 , when Malaysia’s submission to the UN about extending its continental shelf was sharply countered by the Philippines because it included the disputed territory</p> <p><em>Philippines-Palau</em>: maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau, as of March 2022</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {

13
east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json
View file

@ -330,14 +330,6 @@
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "0% (2020)"
},
"women married by age 18": {
"text": "0.1% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.5% of GDP (2020)"
},
@ -1155,7 +1147,7 @@
"text": "maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965; as of 2022, the SAF was widely viewed as the best equipped military in southeast Asia; the Army was largely based on conscripts and reservists with a small cadre of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy were primarily comprised of well-trained professionals (2022)"
"text": "Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily <br><br>the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965; as of 2022, the SAF was widely viewed as the best equipped military in southeast Asia; the Army was largely based on conscripts and reservists with a small cadre of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy were primarily comprised of well-trained professionals (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift; the Singapore Straits saw 35 attacks against commercial vessels in 2021, a 50% increase over 2020 and the highest number of incidents reported since 1992; vessels were boarded in 33 of the 35 incidents, one crew was injured, another assaulted and two threatened during these incidents"
@ -1165,7 +1157,8 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>disputes with Malaysia over territorial waters, airspace, the price of fresh water delivered to Singapore from Malaysia, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait</p>"
"text": "<p>piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait</p> <p><em>Singapore-Indonesia</em>: Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; subsequent treaties were signed in 2009 (ratified in 2010) and 2014 (ratified in 2017) settling the two countries’ boundaries in the Singapore Strait</p> <p><em>Singapore-Malaysia</em>: disputes with Malaysia over territorial waters, airspace, the price of fresh water delivered to Singapore from Malaysia, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, the International Court of Justice awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge, which is only visible at low tide</p>",
"note": "https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/singapore-and-indonesia-signed-landmark-maritime-boundary-treaty <br><br>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Singapore_border <br><br>https://www.iseas.edu.sg/media/commentaries/indonesia-ratifies-maritime-border-treaty-with-singapore-a-commentary-by-mustafa-izzuddin/ <br><br>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute <br><br>https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Malaysia-in-transition/Singapore-and-Malaysia-make-major-breakthrough-in-maritime-dispute <br><br>https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/the-1962-johor-singapore-water-agreement-lessons-learned/"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/th.json
View file

@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing border committee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011, Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through China, Burma, and Thailand; approximately 100,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand near the border</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Thailand-Burma</em>: in 2016, Thailand expressed its interest in investing in Burma’s Hatgyi Dam project on the Salween River near the Thai-Burma border; the dam has the potential to supply electricity and water during the drought season; approximately 100,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval, and economic stagnation in Burma live in nine remote camps in Thailand near the border</p> <p><em>Thailand-Cambodia</em>: Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of their border; in 2011, Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; in 2013, the International Court of Justice ruled that the land with the temple was Cambodian territory but that a nearby hill belonged to Thailand</p> <p><em>Thailand-Laos</em>: talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River</p> <p><em>Thailand-Malaysia</em>: separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; disputed areas are the Bukit Jeli area at the headwaters of the Golok River and the continental shelf boundary in the Gulf of Thailand</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json
View file

@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>three stretches of land borders with Indonesia have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Economic Exclusion Zone boundaries have been established between the countries; maritime boundaries with Indonesia remain unresolved; Timor-Leste and Australia reached agreement on a treaty delimiting a permanent maritime boundary in March 2018; the treaty will enter into force once ratified by the two countries' parliaments</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Timor-Leste-Australia</em>: Timor-Leste and Australia reached agreement on a treaty delimiting a permanent maritime boundary in March 2018; both countries ratified the treaty in August 2019</p> <p><em>Timor-Leste-Indonesia</em>: three stretches of land borders with Indonesia have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Economic Exclusion Zone boundaries have been established between the countries; maritime boundaries with Indonesia remain unresolved; between 2005 and 2015, 500 border landmarks were placed and another 200 were proposed</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json
View file

@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>involved in complex dispute with Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam over the Spratly Islands, and with China and the Philippines over Scarborough Reef; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; Paracel Islands are occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam; in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam</em>: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants</p> <p><em>Taiwan-China-Philippines</em>: border dispute over the Scarborough Reef in the South China Sea; Scarborough Reef, like the Spratly Islands, is strategically located and is surrounded by abundant fishing grounds; it may also be ripe for oil and natural gas exploration</p> <p><em>Taiwan-China-Vietnam</em>: the Paracel Islands are occupied by China but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam</p> <p><em>Taiwan-Japan-China</em>: in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p>"

4
east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json
View file

@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador NGUYEN Quoc Dzung (since 19 April 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador Nguyen Quoc DUNG (since 19 April 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1233 20th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036"
@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of Asian swine fever; Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; establishment of a maritime boundary with Cambodia is hampered by unresolved dispute over the sovereignty of offshore islands; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending beyond as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Lousia Reef; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" eased tensions but differences between the parties negotiating the Code of Conduct continue; Vietnam continues to expand construction of facilities in the Spratly Islands; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Economic Exclusion Zone negotiations with Indonesia are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary; in May 2018, Russia’s RosneftVietnam unit started drilling at a block southeast of Vietnam which is within the area outlined by China’s nine-dash line and Beijing issued a warning</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Vietnam-Cambodia</em>: Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; issues include casinos built in Cambodia near the border, narcotics trafficking, trafficking of women and children, petrol smuggling, illegal logging, and illegal migration; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; in December 2021, leaders from the two countries agreed to fully complete the remaining border demarcation and the upgrading of border checkpoints</p> <p><em>Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos</em>: Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities</p> <p><em>Vietnam-China</em>: an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; small territorial exchanges were made during the demarcation; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; cross border trafficking in women and children and illegal wildlife trade are problems along this border; In December 2021, China tightened its border controls over COVID concerns, restricting an important trade route for Vietnam</p> <p><em>Vietnam-Laos</em>: Laos opened a strategically important international border crossing with Vietnam in 2021, which will shorten the distance for goods and people transiting between Thailand and Vietnam</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {

2
europe/al.json
View file

@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "24.8 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "26.6 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "15 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"

4
europe/au.json
View file

@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.7 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "29.7 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 71,422 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 72,715 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/be.json
View file

@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.2 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "29.2 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 47,477 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 48,118 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,159 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/bo.json
View file

@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "16,655 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 15 June 2022)"
"text": "16,660 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 20 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/bu.json
View file

@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "26.3 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "26.4 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 79,196 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 82,071 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,143 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/cy.json
View file

@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.2 years (2019 est.)",
"text": "30 years (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent only government-controlled areas"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 13,000 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 12,478 (Ukraine) (as of 19 June 2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)"

4
europe/da.json
View file

@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.7 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "29.8 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 30,286 (Ukraine) (as of 9 June 2022)"
"text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 30,608 (Ukraine) (as of 19 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/ee.json
View file

@ -395,7 +395,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador&nbsp; Mark GITENSTEIN (since 24 January 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador Mark GITENSTEIN (since 24 January 2022)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Zinnerstraat - 13 - Rue Zinner, B-1000 Brussels"

4
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "30.7 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "30.9 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "35,675 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)"
"text": "36,759 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "107 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/en.json
View file

@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.2 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "28.2 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "42,257 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "43,048 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"

4
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.5 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "28.5 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "373,965 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "39,669 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,498 (mid-year 2021)"

7
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.4 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "29.5 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1136,6 +1136,9 @@
"Ports and terminals": {
"major seaport(s)": {
"text": "Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma"
},
"LNG terminal(s) (import)": {
"text": "Pori, Tornio Manga; note - an additional terminal at Hamina is under construction and due to come online in October 2022"
}
}
},
@ -1184,7 +1187,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 26,629 (Ukraine) (as of 9 June 2022)"
"text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 26,629 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.8 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "28.9 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
"text": "Le Havre (2,822,910) (2019)"
},
"LNG terminal(s) (import)": {
"text": "Fos Cavaou, Fos Tonkin, Montoir de Bretagne"
"text": "Dunkerque, Fos Cavaou, Fos Tonkin, Montoir de Bretagne"
},
"river port(s)": {
"text": "Bordeaux (Garronne); Nantes - Saint Nazaire (Loire); Paris, Rouen (Seine); Strasbourg (Rhine)"

4
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.8 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "29.9 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 780,000 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)"
"text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 780,000 (Ukraine) (as of 16 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "26,980 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.9 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "30.7 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"

7
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.9 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "29 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1164,6 +1164,9 @@
"oil terminal(s)": {
"text": "Omisalj"
},
"LNG terminal(s) (import)": {
"text": "Krk Island"
},
"river port(s)": {
"text": "Vukovar (Danube)"
}
@ -1213,7 +1216,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "14,259 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "14,642 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,910 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.3 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "28.4 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "782,742 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)"
"text": "814,607 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "130 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.7 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "28.7 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"

6
europe/it.json
View file

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "31.3 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "31.4 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@
"text": "Genoa (2,621,472), Gioia Tauro (2,523,000) (2019)"
},
"LNG terminal(s) (import)": {
"text": "La Spezia, Panigaglia, Porto Levante"
"text": "Panigaglia (La Spezia), Adriatic (Porto Levante), Oristano (Sardinia), Ravenna, Toscana (Livorno)"
}
}
},
@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 129,623 (Ukraine) (as of 7 June 2022)"
"text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 137,385 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)"

8
europe/je.json
View file

@ -420,10 +420,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 16 May 2018 (next to be held on 16 May 2022)"
"text": "last held on 22 June 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49; composition (as of October 2021) - men 35, women 14, percent of women 28.6%"
"text": "percent of vote - independents 59.1%, RJ 12.3%, JA 9.2%, BW 7.8%, PP 4.2%, JLC 4.1%, other 3.3%; seats by party - independents 31, RJ 10, JA 1, BW 4, PP 1, JLC 2; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -438,8 +438,8 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<strong>one registered party:</strong> Reform Jersey [Sam MEZEC]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> most senators and deputies sit as independents"
"text": "Better Way or BW (group of independent candidates)<br>Jersey Alliance or JA [Mark BOLEAT]<br>Jersey Liberal Conservaties or JLC [Philip BAILHACHE]<br>Progress Party or PP [Steve PALLETT]<br>Reform Jersey or RJ [Sam MEZEC]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> most deputies sit as independents"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "UPU"

4
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "27.3 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "27.3 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "31,561 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)"
"text": "32,810 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "209,168 (mid-year 2021); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"

9
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "27.5 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "28.2 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -339,11 +339,6 @@
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 18": {
"text": "0% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2018)"
},
@ -1209,7 +1204,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "56,223 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)"
"text": "57,175 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,721 (mid-year 2021)"

6
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "27.2 years (2019 est.)"
"text": "27.2 years (2020 est.)"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -1149,11 +1149,11 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented strict Schengen border rules</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Slovakia-Austria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Slovakia-Czechia</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Slovakia-Hungary</em>: initiated by the 1977 Budapest Treaty, Hungary and formerly Czechoslovakia agreed to a hydroelectric dam project on the Danube with dams to be constructed at Gabcikovo (Slovakia) and Nagymaros (Hungary) to prevent floods, improve river navigability, and to generate electricity; when Hungary suspended work on the project until its environmental impact could be assessed, Slovakia continued working on it and adopted a pared down strategy to divert the Danube so that all construction was within Czechoslovakian territory; Hungary terminated the project on environmental and economic grounds in 1989, and in 1992 both countries took the matter to the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the ICJ found largely in favor of then Slovakia, finding Hungary had breached their agreement; however, then Czechoslovakia should not have begun the alternative plan before the ICJ ruled on the case; in 2017, Hungary and Slovakia agreed to discontinue the ICJ proceedings</p> <p><em>Slovakia-Poland</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Slovakia-Ukraine</em>: tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion in their country</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "510,014 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)"
"text": "525,620 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,532 (mid-year 2021)"

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