the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and secondhand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises
(2022)" + "text": "as of 2022, a key focus for the security forces of Benin was countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from north Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" with terrorism after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; in addition, the FAB participated in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast borderthe International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"
" diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 49a60e30..10fdfafd 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { "text": "18.1 years (2014/15 est.)", - "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-49" + "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 20-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "1,140 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1176,8 +1176,8 @@ "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21 (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "1,425 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)", - "note": "note(s) - Chad is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; Chad has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; Chad hosts the headquarters of Operation Barkhane in N’Djamenathe Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960
" diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index a7b1f23e..4e765ee4 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "South Sudan- Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights
South Sudan-Kenya: the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times
South Sudan-Sudan: present boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on US maps although it is mostly occupied by Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups
" + "text": "South Sudan- Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights
South Sudan-Democratic Republic of the Congo: none identified
South Sudan-Ethiopia: the unresolved demarcation of the boundary and lack of clear limitation create substantial room for territorial conflict both locally among the border populations and between the two capitals; besides a large number of indigenous farmers, the border region supports refugees and various rebel groups opposed to the governments in Khartoum and Addis Ababa
South Sudan-Kenya: the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the Ilemi Triangle has been unclear since British colonial times; Kenya has administered the area since colonial times
South Sudan-Sudan: present boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on US maps although it is mostly occupied by Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations interim security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent, Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups
South Sudan-Uganda: Lord’s Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State displace and drive out local populations and steal grain stores
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 7bf8de43..d8fa5423 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "22.7 years (2014/15 est.)", + "text": "23 years (2019/20 est.)", "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index df8589cc..55821889 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)
" + "text": "Seychelles-UK: Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)
" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 2c5e254e..6c729ebf 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -1232,8 +1232,7 @@ "note": "note - in 2019, women comprised about 30% of the SANDF" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "930 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)", - "note": "note - in 2021, South Africa sent a contingent of about 1,500 troops to Mozambique as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) force to help quell an insurgency; in" + "text": "930 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa’s most capable militaries; it participated regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and had the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls (2022)" @@ -1247,7 +1246,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River
" + "text": "South Africa-Botswana: none identified
South Africa-Eswatini: Eswatini seeks to reclaim land it says was stolen by South Africa
South Africa-Lesotho: crossborder livestock thieving, smuggling of drugs and arms, and illegal migration are problematic
South Africa-Mozambique: animal poachers cross the South Africa-Mozambique border to hunt wildlife in South Africa’s Kruger National Park; border fences were removed in some areas to allow animals to roam between nature reserves in the two countries; improved patrols, technology, and crossborder cooperation are reducing the problem
South Africa-Namibia: the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; the location of the border could affect diamond mining rights; South Africa has always claimed that the northern bank of the Orange River is the border between the two countries, while Namibia’s constitution states that the border lies in the middle of the Orange River
South Africa-various: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration
South Africa-Zimbabwe: Zimbabweans migrate illegally into South Africa in search of work or smuggle goods to sell at a profit back home
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index cdb6a225..91c20ec9 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "21.9 years (2018 est.)", + "text": "21.9 years (2019 est.)", "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "cross-border trafficking in persons, timber, wildlife, and cannabis; rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau
" + "text": "Senegal-Guinea-Bissau: rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 6b743840..9ba63eb3 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 5d17b43d..edfc64a5 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Sierra Leone opposes Guinean troops' continued occupation of Yenga, a small village on the Makona River that serves as a border with Guinea; Guinea's forces came to Yenga in the mid-1990s to help the Sierra Leonean military to suppress rebels and to secure their common border but have remained there even after both countries signed a 2005 agreement acknowledging that Yenga belonged to Sierra Leone; in 2012, the two sides signed a declaration to demilitarize the area
" + "text": "Sierra Leone-Guinea: Sierra Leone opposed Guinean troops' continued occupation of Yenga, a small village on the Makona River that serves as a border with Guinea; Guinea's forces came to Yenga in the mid-1990s to help the Sierra Leonean military to suppress rebels and to secure their common border but remained there even after both countries signed a 2005 agreement acknowledging that Yenga belonged to Sierra Leone; in 2012, the two sides signed a declaration to demilitarize the area; in 2019, Sierra Leone’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation stated that the dispute over Yenga had been resolved; however, at a 2021 ECOWAS meeting, Sierra Leone’s President BIO called on the bloc to help resolve an incursion of Guinean troops in Yenga
Sierra Leone-Liberia: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 2b3ca666..60a4a6c9 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera to landlocked Ethiopia and have established commercial ties with other regional states; \"Puntland\" and \"Somaliland\" \"governments\" seek international support in their secessionist aspirations and overlapping border claims; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists
" + "text": "Somalia-Djibouti: none identified
Somalia-Ethiopia: Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; the border between the Ogaden region of eastern Ethiopia, which is inhabited by ethnic Somalis, and Somalia is only partially demarcated under colonial rule and has been the source of tension for decades
Somalia-Kenya: Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; in 2015, the Kenyan Government began building a wall along the border to prevent the crossborder movement of militant groups; the boundary separates ethnic Somalis; in October 2021, the Somalia-Kenya Indian Ocean boundary dispute was decided by the International Court of Justice; the ruling adjusted the boundary slightly north of Somalia’s claim giving Somalia the majority of the contested maritime territory, which is believed to contain rich oil and natural gas deposits; while the decision is legally binding, it has no enforcement mechanism, and Kenya has said it will not abide by it
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 29a649db..5cdfcdbd 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "ethnic and rebel militia fighting in Sudan since the mid-20th century have impacted most neighboring states; the Dafur conflict has repeatedly impacted Sudan's relations with Chad; after briefly severing diplomatic relations, Chad-Sudan normalized relations and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force to deter cross-border banditry and violence; Chad subsequently played a constructive role in attempting to resolve the Dafur conflict; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate and police the porous boundary with Ethiopia and Eritrea; as of early 2019, more than 590,000 Sudanese refugees are being hosted in the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Sudan; Sudan, in turn, is hosting more than 975,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including more than 845,000 from South Sudan; Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; Sudan and Ethiopia both claim the Al-Fashaga region and conflict broke out there in 2018; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; the South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan" + "text": "Sudan-Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights; Sudan closed its border with the Central African Republic in January 2022 due to security concerns
Sudan-Chad: Chad wants to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; however, since the August 2020 Juba Peace Agreement between the Sudanese Government and the Sudanese Revolutionary Front and the termination of the UN’s peacekeeping mission, UNAMID, at the end of 2020, violence continues to break out over land and water access
Sudan-Egypt: Sudan claims, but Egypt de facto administers, security and economic development of the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary
Sudan-Eritrea: none identified
Sudan-Ethiopia: civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia; clashes continue between Sudan and Ethiopia over al-Fashaga, a fertile piece of land inhabited by Ethiopian farmers for years until the Sudanese army expelled them in December 2020, claiming the land belonged to Sudan based on colonial-era maps from over 100 years ago; in February, 2022, the two countries were discussing resuming talks over the border conflict
Sudan-Libya: none identified
Sudan-South Sudan: the South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index 250bc9fe..2148a99a 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "20.9 years (2013/14 est.)", - "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-49" + "text": "25 years (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-29" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "396 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ "note": "note - in January 2022, the Togolese Government announced its intent to boost the size of the FAT to more than 20,000 by 2025" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of newer--largely secondhand--equipment, such as patrol boats, from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2022)" + "text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; no conscription; women have been able to serve since 2007 (2022)" @@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ "text": "730 (plus about 300 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, as well as increase its role in UN peacekeeping activities; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea (2022)" + "text": "the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, as well as increase its role in UN peacekeeping activities; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea
in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River
" + "text": "Togo-Benin: in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; Benin’s and Togo’s Adjrala hydroelectric dam project on the Mona River, proposed in the 1990s, commenced in 2017 with funding from a Chinese bank
Togo-Burkina Faso: none identified
Togo-Ghana: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 0064fc5a..19e0c3d7 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 1991b4c8..a8c3b8d8 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -335,17 +335,6 @@ "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.6% (2018)" }, - "Child marriage": { - "women married by age 15": { - "text": "0% (2018)" - }, - "women married by age 18": { - "text": "1.5% (2018)" - }, - "men married by age 18": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" - } - }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.3% of GDP (2016)" }, @@ -1175,7 +1164,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 81cc93fb..4e10d7a8 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake
" + "text": "Tanzania-Burundi: none identified
Tanzania-Democratic Republic of the Congo: none identified
Tanzania-Kenya: none identified
Tanzania-Malawi: dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake
Tanzania-Mozambique: none identified
Tanzania-Rwanda: none identified
Tanzania-Uganda: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 06eab09e..8e75d9b5 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -1218,11 +1218,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders
Uganda-Kenya: Kenya and Uganda have begun a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021
Uganda-Rwanda: a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border
Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC): Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River
Uganda-South Sudan: Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores
Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders
Uganda-Kenya: Kenya and Uganda have begun a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing
Uganda-Rwanda: a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border
Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC): Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries
Uganda-South Sudan: Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores
Uganda-Sudan: none identified
three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert
" }, "Terrain": { - "text": "Mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast. Occupies an extensive plateau with savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. (2019)" + "text": "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast; occupies an extensive plateau with savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index f454dd36..76164461 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Zambia-Angola: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary
Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto
Zambia-Zimbabwe: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
Zambia-Angola: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary
Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto
Zambia-Tanzania: some drug smuggling may take place across the Zambia-Tanzania border; there are no known current territorial issues, as both states have continued to recognize the colonial boundaries last modified in 1937; the boundary in Lake Tanganyika remains undefined.
Zambia-Zimbabwe: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase
Zimbabwe-South Africa: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration
Zimbabwe-Zambia: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
Zimbabwe-Mozambique: none identified
Zimbabwe-South Africa: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration
Zimbabwe-Zambia: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase
Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Eparses subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard since it is under water for a period of three hours prior to and following the high tide and surrounded by reefs
volcanism: Reunion Island - Piton de la Fournaise (2,632 m), which has erupted many times in recent years including 2010, 2015, and 2017, is one of the world's most active volcanoes; although rare, eruptions outside the volcano's caldera could threaten nearby cities
" diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index d113e0d1..4e154c45 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ "note": "note - in 2020-2021, women comprised nearly 20% of the ADF" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951
Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation
Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues
in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy
since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor
(2022)" + "text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; Australia is also is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarilysince 2003, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, has assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security
" + "text": "from 2003 to 2017, at the request of the Solomon Islands Governor-General, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI), consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 70268a33..704b0c22 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "female": { - "text": "(2021 est.) NA" + "text": "NA" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 10f660c6..59f06b7f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index 0a3899af..a193c116 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { - "text": "(2018) NA" + "text": "NA" }, "male": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index 244f7949..93b804a7 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "female": { - "text": "(2021 est.) NA" + "text": "NA" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index a744793b..9d2f1216 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { - "text": "(2018) NA" + "text": "NA" }, "male": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index c8239cd0..a8183b18 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France
" + "text": "Vanuatu-France: Matthew and Hunter Islands, two uninhabited islands east of New Caledonia, claimed by Vanuatu and France; in January 2019, a French naval mission landed officers on the islands to reinforce France’s sovereignty; in November 2021, French vessels fishing near the islands raised tensions
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 51ca4fd0..e60e45b5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ "text": "up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s
New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
" + "text": "New Zealand is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily
none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 08a04ca4..4291a36f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -358,6 +358,12 @@ "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": { "total": { "text": "5.6%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "female": { + "text": "(2014) NA" } } }, @@ -742,6 +748,12 @@ "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": { "total": { "text": "5.6%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "female": { + "text": "(2014) NA" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -966,7 +978,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia
" + "text": "Palau-Indonesia: maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia
Palau-Philippines: maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 1b707277..ea843152 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "female": { - "text": "(2021 est.) NA" + "text": "NA" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution
" + "text": "Tokelau-American Samoa (US): Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American Samoa
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 592450f9..b7cf0626 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "maritime boundary dispute with Fiji
" + "text": "
Tonga-Fiji: Fiji does not recognize Tonga’s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters; the Minerva Reefs’ 200-mile exclusive economic zone includes valuable fishing grounds
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 2e915252..94e4ccd5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "
none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/um.json b/australia-oceania/um.json index 63a31d0d..bc5799af 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/um.json +++ b/australia-oceania/um.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 990c2ae2..43b5260e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/wq.json b/australia-oceania/wq.json index 8a9844ec..e135e98d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wq.json @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "claimed by Marshall Islands
" + "text": "US-Marshall Islands: in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory; control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands’ exclusive economic zone; the US State Department is assembling a group of experts from both countries to discuss the maritime boundary
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index a2b0bb4f..451976e5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 155e1cb6..baf86922 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew Michael HOLNESS]
People's National Party or PNP [Mark GOLDING]
United Independents' Congress or UIC [Joseph PATTERSON]
Jamaica Progressive Party or JPP [Gilbert EDWARDS]
Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew Michael HOLNESS]
Jamaica Progressive Party or JPP [Gilbert EDWARDS]
People's National Party or PNP [Mark GOLDING]
United Independents' Congress or UIC [Joseph PATTERSON]
organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama
" + "text": "Panama-Colombia: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama
Panama-Costa Rica: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index 5f1e8ad2..7379359b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -517,6 +517,9 @@ } }, "Transnational Issues": { + "Disputes - international": { + "text": "none identified" + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe
" } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 666bb014..dd6ee641 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work
" + "text": "illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 91ec58a9..a12b5609 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
" + "text": "Saint Kitts and Nevis-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean
" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index de161bca..17960c37 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
" + "text": "Saint Lucia-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean
" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index bbebdf50..f6305c53 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -473,5 +473,10 @@ "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of France" } + }, + "Transnational Issues": { + "Disputes - international": { + "text": "none identified" + } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 7c09e786..5d067518 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration, as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may also extend into its waters
" + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados: Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ
Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados-Guyana-Venezuela: in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration, as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may also extend into its waters
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index b6c9232e..a61d264f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder
" + "text": "none identified
" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 9e70ba32..fd283858 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
" + "text": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean
" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index cb741de3..1f32143e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index dc353c65..e77016bb 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -1282,11 +1282,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries; China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes; the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010; various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands; Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia and Latvia; Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia; Kazakhstan and Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005 and field demarcation should commence in 2007; Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission
" + "text": "Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries
Russia-China: Russia and China have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes
Russia-Denmark-Norway: Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission
Russia and Estonia: Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; negotiations were reopened in 2012, and a treaty was signed in 2014 without the disputed preamble, but neither country has ratified it as of 2020
Russia-Finland: various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
Russia-Georgia: Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; in 2011, Russia began to put up fences and barbed wire to fortify South Ossetia, physically dividing villages in the process; Russia continues to move the South Ossetia border fences further into Georgian territory
Russia-Japan: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities
Russia-Kazakhstan: Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005; field demarcation commenced in 2007 and was expected to be completed by 2013
Russia-Lithuania: Russia and Lithuania committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; border demarcation was completed in 2018; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply
Russia-North Korea: none identified
Russia-Norway: Russia and Norway signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, opening the disputed territory for oil and natural gas exploration; a visa-free travel agreement for persons living near the border went into effect in May 2012
Russia-Ukraine: Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia
Russia-US: Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; the southwesterly \"Western Limit\" places about 70% of the Bering Sea under U.S. maritime jurisdiction
Russia-various: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "1,230,800 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)" + "text": "1,305,018 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "56,960 (mid-year 2021); note - Russia's stateless population consists of Roma, Meskhetian Turks, and ex-Soviet citizens from the former republics; between 2003 and 2010 more than 600,000 stateless people were naturalized; most Meskhetian Turks, followers of Islam with origins in Georgia, fled or were evacuated from Uzbekistan after a 1989 pogrom and have lived in Russia for more than the required five-year residency period; they continue to be denied registration for citizenship and basic rights by local Krasnodar Krai authorities on the grounds that they are temporary illegal migrants" diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 6e129716..56e595a4 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -223,8 +223,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "21.9 years (2017 est.)", - "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-49" + "text": "23.2 years (2017 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1148,7 +1147,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "
in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan
" + "text": "Tajikistan-Afghanistan: none identified
Tajikistan-China: in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; in 2011, Tajikistan and China ratified the 2002 border demarcation agreement whereby Tajikistan ceded approximately 1,100 square kilometers in the Pamirs to China
Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan: disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan; in May 2021, both countries agreed to a ceasefire following recent clashes at their border
Tajikistan-Uzbekistan: talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and clear minefields; as of January 2020, Uzbekistan reported that it had cleared all mines along its side of the border
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index ad26758a..5db5a530 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; bilateral talks continue with Azerbaijan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian
" + "text": "Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan: in January 2021, the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea
Turkmenistan-Iran: none identified
Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan signed a treaty on the delimitation and demarcation process in 2001; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to their border in the Caspian Sea in 2014
Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan: in 2017, the three countries signed an agreement of the junction of their borders
Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan: cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "stateless persons": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 1eee279f..6e95f4ff 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas
" + "text": "Uzbekistan-Afghanistan: none identified
Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and plan to hold another meeting in April 2022
Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalized
Uzbekistan-Tajikistan: none identified
Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "stateless persons": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 99079223..43712847 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -599,10 +599,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014, reelected 17 April 2019, inauguration 19 October 2019); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Joko \"Jokowi\" WIDODO (since 20 October 2014, reelected 17 April 2019, inauguration 19 October 2019); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019)" + "text": "President Joko \"Jokowi\" WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -670,13 +670,13 @@ "text": "Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5, Jakarta 10110" }, "mailing address": { - "text": "8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC 8200" + "text": "8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC 20521-8200" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[62] (21) 5083-1000 (2020)" + "text": "[62] (21) 5083-1000" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[62] (21) 385-7189 (2018)" + "text": "[62] (21) 385-7189" }, "email address and website": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift; the Singapore Straits saw 35 attacks against commercial vessels in 2021, a 50% increase over 2020 and the highest number of incidents reported since 1992; vessels were boarded in 33 of the 35 incidents, one crew was injured, another assaulted and two threatened during these incidents
" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json index d51bc6cf..02fcc375 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "occupied by China, also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
" + "text": "Paracel Islands-China-Taiwan-Vietnam: occupied by China, also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json index e3f2d62e..cecbf458 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China (including Taiwan) and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines; despite no public territorial claim to Louisa Reef, Brunei implicitly lays claim by including it within the natural prolongation of its continental shelf and basis for a seabed median with Vietnam; claimants in November 2002 signed the \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands
" + "text": "Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China (including Taiwan) and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines; despite no public territorial claim to Louisa Reef, Brunei implicitly lays claim by including it within the natural prolongation of its continental shelf and basis for a seabed median with Vietnam; the islands are strategically located in the South China Sea and are surrounded by rich fishing groups and potential oil and natural gas deposits; claimants in November 2002 signed the \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" which eased tensions but fell short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; China’s island-building and military presence in the archipelago remain controversial
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index bcd1dceb..a69ccc2e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -225,7 +225,8 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "note: median age a first birth among women 25-49" + "text": "21.9 years (2016/18)", + "note": "note: median age a first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1159,7 +1160,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists
" + "text": "Papua New Guinea-Australia: relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 100659d0..61fb70f8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef (also claimed by China together with Taiwan) and over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau
" + "text": "Philippines-Taiwan-China-Malaysia-Vietnam: Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef (also claimed by China together with Taiwan) and over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Philippines-Malaysia: Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; the disagreement resurfaced in September 2020 , when Malaysia’s submission to the UN about extending its continental shelf was sharply countered by the Philippines because it included the disputed territory
Philippines-Palau: maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau, as of March 2022
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 086b1094..1b4f994a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -330,14 +330,6 @@ "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, - "Child marriage": { - "women married by age 15": { - "text": "0% (2020)" - }, - "women married by age 18": { - "text": "0.1% (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020)" }, @@ -1155,7 +1147,7 @@ "text": "maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965; as of 2022, the SAF was widely viewed as the best equipped military in southeast Asia; the Army was largely based on conscripts and reservists with a small cadre of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy were primarily comprised of well-trained professionals (2022)" + "text": "Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarilydisputes with Malaysia over territorial waters, airspace, the price of fresh water delivered to Singapore from Malaysia, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
" + "text": "piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Singapore-Indonesia: Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; subsequent treaties were signed in 2009 (ratified in 2010) and 2014 (ratified in 2017) settling the two countries’ boundaries in the Singapore Strait
Singapore-Malaysia: disputes with Malaysia over territorial waters, airspace, the price of fresh water delivered to Singapore from Malaysia, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, the International Court of Justice awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge, which is only visible at low tide
", + "note": "https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/singapore-and-indonesia-signed-landmark-maritime-boundary-treatyseparatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing border committee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011, Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through China, Burma, and Thailand; approximately 100,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand near the border
" + "text": "Thailand-Burma: in 2016, Thailand expressed its interest in investing in Burma’s Hatgyi Dam project on the Salween River near the Thai-Burma border; the dam has the potential to supply electricity and water during the drought season; approximately 100,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval, and economic stagnation in Burma live in nine remote camps in Thailand near the border
Thailand-Cambodia: Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of their border; in 2011, Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; in 2013, the International Court of Justice ruled that the land with the temple was Cambodian territory but that a nearby hill belonged to Thailand
Thailand-Laos: talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River
Thailand-Malaysia: separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; disputed areas are the Bukit Jeli area at the headwaters of the Golok River and the continental shelf boundary in the Gulf of Thailand
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 325b843b..8dcea407 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "three stretches of land borders with Indonesia have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Economic Exclusion Zone boundaries have been established between the countries; maritime boundaries with Indonesia remain unresolved; Timor-Leste and Australia reached agreement on a treaty delimiting a permanent maritime boundary in March 2018; the treaty will enter into force once ratified by the two countries' parliaments
" + "text": "Timor-Leste-Australia: Timor-Leste and Australia reached agreement on a treaty delimiting a permanent maritime boundary in March 2018; both countries ratified the treaty in August 2019
Timor-Leste-Indonesia: three stretches of land borders with Indonesia have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Economic Exclusion Zone boundaries have been established between the countries; maritime boundaries with Indonesia remain unresolved; between 2005 and 2015, 500 border landmarks were placed and another 200 were proposed
" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 1556fc18..e4868c46 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "involved in complex dispute with Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam over the Spratly Islands, and with China and the Philippines over Scarborough Reef; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; Paracel Islands are occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam; in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting
" + "text": "Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants
Taiwan-China-Philippines: border dispute over the Scarborough Reef in the South China Sea; Scarborough Reef, like the Spratly Islands, is strategically located and is surrounded by abundant fishing grounds; it may also be ripe for oil and natural gas exploration
Taiwan-China-Vietnam: the Paracel Islands are occupied by China but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
Taiwan-Japan-China: in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves
" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics
" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 010b63e0..8af92372 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador NGUYEN Quoc Dzung (since 19 April 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador Nguyen Quoc DUNG (since 19 April 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1233 20th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036" @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of Asian swine fever; Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; establishment of a maritime boundary with Cambodia is hampered by unresolved dispute over the sovereignty of offshore islands; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending beyond as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Lousia Reef; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" eased tensions but differences between the parties negotiating the Code of Conduct continue; Vietnam continues to expand construction of facilities in the Spratly Islands; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Economic Exclusion Zone negotiations with Indonesia are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary; in May 2018, Russia’s RosneftVietnam unit started drilling at a block southeast of Vietnam which is within the area outlined by China’s nine-dash line and Beijing issued a warning
" + "text": "Vietnam-Cambodia: Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; issues include casinos built in Cambodia near the border, narcotics trafficking, trafficking of women and children, petrol smuggling, illegal logging, and illegal migration; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; in December 2021, leaders from the two countries agreed to fully complete the remaining border demarcation and the upgrading of border checkpoints
Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos: Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities
Vietnam-China: an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; small territorial exchanges were made during the demarcation; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; cross border trafficking in women and children and illegal wildlife trade are problems along this border; In December 2021, China tightened its border controls over COVID concerns, restricting an important trade route for Vietnam
Vietnam-Laos: Laos opened a strategically important international border crossing with Vietnam in 2021, which will shorten the distance for goods and people transiting between Thailand and Vietnam
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "stateless persons": { diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index ae154945..8da41c76 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "24.8 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "26.6 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "15 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 36755a25..f9514d74 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.7 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.7 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 71,422 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 72,715 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 5cddf2eb..29f3c6cc 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.2 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.2 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 47,477 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 48,118 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,159 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index aed1b550..b541904d 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "16,655 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 15 June 2022)" + "text": "16,660 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index a49a7033..1d8eda59 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "26.3 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "26.4 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 79,196 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 82,071 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,143 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index c3aaa6a8..99ff4667 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.2 years (2019 est.)", + "text": "30 years (2020 est.)", "note": "note: data represent only government-controlled areas" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { @@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 13,000 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 12,478 (Ukraine) (as of 19 June 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 801cbbf6..c54f1440 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.7 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.8 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 30,286 (Ukraine) (as of 9 June 2022)" + "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 30,608 (Ukraine) (as of 19 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index 53746104..705c63f8 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Mark GITENSTEIN (since 24 January 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador Mark GITENSTEIN (since 24 January 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Zinnerstraat - 13 - Rue Zinner, B-1000 Brussels" diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index def35033..14f887ba 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "30.7 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "30.9 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "35,675 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)" + "text": "36,759 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "107 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 1ccdb8c2..66ca1055 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.2 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "28.2 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "42,257 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "43,048 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 24d03f3a..036826e5 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.5 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "28.5 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "373,965 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "39,669 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,498 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 265b65bf..7d44b3e6 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.4 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.5 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1136,6 +1136,9 @@ "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { "text": "Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma" + }, + "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { + "text": "Pori, Tornio Manga; note - an additional terminal at Hamina is under construction and due to come online in October 2022" } } }, @@ -1184,7 +1187,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 26,629 (Ukraine) (as of 9 June 2022)" + "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 26,629 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 8b9279ee..f6401fc0 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.8 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "28.9 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ "text": "Le Havre (2,822,910) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Fos Cavaou, Fos Tonkin, Montoir de Bretagne" + "text": "Dunkerque, Fos Cavaou, Fos Tonkin, Montoir de Bretagne" }, "river port(s)": { "text": "Bordeaux (Garronne); Nantes - Saint Nazaire (Loire); Paris, Rouen (Seine); Strasbourg (Rhine)" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 06609b48..da9e7a97 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.8 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.9 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 780,000 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)" + "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 780,000 (Ukraine) (as of 16 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "26,980 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 2cf4d69e..a56c7331 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.9 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "30.7 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index d7e0245c..0c7ef887 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.9 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1164,6 +1164,9 @@ "oil terminal(s)": { "text": "Omisalj" }, + "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { + "text": "Krk Island" + }, "river port(s)": { "text": "Vukovar (Danube)" } @@ -1213,7 +1216,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,259 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "14,642 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,910 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index db7ef7bf..b3622245 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.3 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "28.4 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "782,742 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)" + "text": "814,607 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 049b7481..d69e3336 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.7 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "28.7 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index d0245c3c..9e10abcc 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "31.3 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "31.4 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ "text": "Genoa (2,621,472), Gioia Tauro (2,523,000) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "La Spezia, Panigaglia, Porto Levante" + "text": "Panigaglia (La Spezia), Adriatic (Porto Levante), Oristano (Sardinia), Ravenna, Toscana (Livorno)" } } }, @@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 129,623 (Ukraine) (as of 7 June 2022)" + "text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 137,385 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 37fdf651..8c7ecb68 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 16 May 2018 (next to be held on 16 May 2022)" + "text": "last held on 22 June 2022 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49; composition (as of October 2021) - men 35, women 14, percent of women 28.6%" + "text": "percent of vote - independents 59.1%, RJ 12.3%, JA 9.2%, BW 7.8%, PP 4.2%, JLC 4.1%, other 3.3%; seats by party - independents 31, RJ 10, JA 1, BW 4, PP 1, JLC 2; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -438,8 +438,8 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "one registered party: Reform Jersey [Sam MEZEC]", - "note": "note: most senators and deputies sit as independents" + "text": "Better Way or BW (group of independent candidates)bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented strict Schengen border rules
" + "text": "Slovakia-Austria: none identified
Slovakia-Czechia: none identified
Slovakia-Hungary: initiated by the 1977 Budapest Treaty, Hungary and formerly Czechoslovakia agreed to a hydroelectric dam project on the Danube with dams to be constructed at Gabcikovo (Slovakia) and Nagymaros (Hungary) to prevent floods, improve river navigability, and to generate electricity; when Hungary suspended work on the project until its environmental impact could be assessed, Slovakia continued working on it and adopted a pared down strategy to divert the Danube so that all construction was within Czechoslovakian territory; Hungary terminated the project on environmental and economic grounds in 1989, and in 1992 both countries took the matter to the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the ICJ found largely in favor of then Slovakia, finding Hungary had breached their agreement; however, then Czechoslovakia should not have begun the alternative plan before the ICJ ruled on the case; in 2017, Hungary and Slovakia agreed to discontinue the ICJ proceedings
Slovakia-Poland: none identified
Slovakia-Ukraine: tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion in their country
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "510,014 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)" + "text": "525,620 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,532 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 3b6e1d9b..b4686f69 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "31.1 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "31 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "5,245 (Ukraine) (as of 9 June 2022)" + "text": "5,775 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "194 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index 7830de62..2dfe7f03 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "502,716 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)" + "text": "507,552 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,372 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 79f1e860..6c8daa84 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "8,336 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "8,893 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "458 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index e32f7d70..d71a1e1e 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "27 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "26.9 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 14812670..9c5dd356 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29 years (2019 est.)", + "text": "29.3 years (2020 est.)", "note": "note: data refer to the average of the different childbearing ages of first-order births" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { @@ -1087,6 +1087,9 @@ }, "container port(s) (TEUs)": { "text": "Marsaxlokk (2,722,889) (2019)" + }, + "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { + "text": "Delimara" } } }, diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 8bc39bb4..8a29f93b 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "30.1 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "30.2 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ "text": "Rotterdam (14,810,804) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Rotterdam" + "text": "Gate (Rotterdam)" }, "river port(s)": { "text": "Amsterdam (Nordsee Kanaal); Moerdijk (Hollands Diep River); Rotterdam (Rhine River); Terneuzen (Western Scheldt River)" @@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "37,792 (Syria), 14,787 (Eritrea), 8,368 (Somalia), 6,636 (Iraq), 5,346 (Iran) (mid-year 2021); 64,480 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)" + "text": "37,792 (Syria), 14,787 (Eritrea), 8,368 (Somalia), 6,636 (Iraq), 5,346 (Iran) (mid-year 2021); 65,550 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,087 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 47bcc107..b600dc53 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.7 years (2019 est.)", + "text": "29.8 years (2020 est.)", "note": "note: data is calculated based on actual age at first births" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { @@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ "text": "Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture" }, "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Kamoy, Kollsnes, Melkoya Island" + "text": "Kamoy, Kollsnes, Melkoya Island, Tjeldbergodden" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { "text": "Fredrikstad, Mosjoen" @@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 18,511 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 18,994 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "4,154 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 8ddfbb00..af5ef802 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "27.6 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "27.9 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1240,11 +1240,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine
" + "text": "Poland-Belarus-Ukraine: as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 4,001,921 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 15 June 2022)" + "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 4,146,144 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 495d171d..0a1b6841 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.9 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.9 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1197,11 +1197,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
" + "text": "Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "42,246 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "44,033 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "45 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 68e6c011..9b261ef9 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.1 years (2019 est.)", + "text": "28.2 years (2020 est.)", "note": "note: data do not cover Kosovo or Metohija" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { @@ -1201,11 +1201,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Serbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute
" + "text": "Serbia-Bosnia and Herzegovina: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute
Serbia-Bulgaria: none identified
Serbia-Croatia: Serbia and Croatia dispute their border along the Danube; Serbia claims the border is the median between the current Danube shorelines, with the land to the eastern side of the median belonging to Serbia; Croatia contends that the boundary is demarcated according to historic maps, despite the river having meandered since then
Serbia-Hungary: none identified
Serbia-Kosovo: Serbia with several other states protested the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; since 1999, NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) authority have continued to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority; in October 2021, NATO-led KFOR increased patrols along the border with Serbia to deescalate hostilities caused by a dispute over license plates
Serbia-Montenegro: the former republic boundary serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated
Serbia-North Macedonia: none identified
Serbia-Romania: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 7,704 (Ukraine) (includes Kosovo; as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 8,004 (Ukraine) (includes Kosovo; as of 21 June 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "196,995 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 5343f70e..ecb16170 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "26.9 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "27.1 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1204,11 +1204,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
" + "text": "Romania-Bulgaria: none identified
Romania-Hungary: none identified
Romania-Moldova: none identified
Romania-Serbia: none identified
Romania-Ukraine: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "659,009 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 16 June 2022)" + "text": "691,413 (border crossings from Ukraine as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "314 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 4723a9ab..53fa7cee 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "28.9 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1164,11 +1164,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017 the arbitration panel issued a ruling on the border that Croatia has not implemented; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements
" + "text": "Slovenia-Austria: none identified
Slovenia-Croatia: since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017, the Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a ruling on the border, but Croatia had withdrawn from the proceedings in 2015 and refused to implement it; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements
Slovenia-Hungary: none identified
Slovenia-Italy: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "7,097 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "7,834 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 99c5c5c5..cf658d0f 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 2812291d..ab3f2c88 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "31.1 years (201 est.)" + "text": "31.2 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1165,13 +1165,13 @@ }, "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); Morocco serves as the primary launching site of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
" + "text": "Spain-Andorra: none identified
Spain-France: none identified
Spain-Gibraltar (UK): in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain does not recognize British sovereignty beyond the original fortified perimeter of the city and disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal
Spain-Morocco: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island), which remains unoccupied but was the site of a military standoff in 2002; Morocco serves as the primary embarkation area for illegal migration into mainland Spain from North Africa
Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 119,820 (Ukraine) (as of 12 June 2022)" + "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 124,052 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "692 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 368b5934..a310806b 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "female": { - "text": "(2021 est.) NA" + "text": "NA" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
" + "text": "Norway-Russia: after 40 years of on-again, off-again negotiations, the two countries signed an agreement in September 2010, defining their maritime boundaries in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean; the border extends the countries’ land border northward beyond the islands in the Barents Sea and into the Arctic Ocean, but the exact distance northward was not specified; because the area is considered the high seas, the passage of naval and commercial vessels will be unaffected; once their legislatures ratify the agreement, both countries will have the green light for oil and natural gas exploration in their newly defined maritime areas; Russia objects to Norway’s establishment in 1977 of the Fishery Protection Zone around the Svalbard Islands, extending Norwegian sovereignty to the shelf around the archipelago; Svalbard is strategically important – as a gateway from the Berents Sea to the North Atlantic – and its waters provide rich fishing grounds
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 6d7a6fcb..62ca2790 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "29.5 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "29.7 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1176,11 +1176,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 39,769 (Ukraine) (as of 13 June 2022)" + "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 40,340 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "50,098 (mid-year 2021); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 17fd3993..48088c9b 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "30.7 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "31.1 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1186,11 +1186,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 55,921 (Ukraine) (as of 14 June 2022)" + "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 54,796 (Ukraine) (as of 21 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "684 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 9f2690da..dc6a4f42 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ "text": "Felixstowe (3,584,000), London (2,790,000), Southampton (1,924,847) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Isle of Grain, Milford Haven, Teesside" + "text": "Dragon, Isle of Grain, South Hook, Teesside" } }, "Transportation - note": { @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ "note": "note - NATO troop deployment numbers in eastern Europe are as of February 2022; in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the UK, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement between the UK and Spain; the Government of Gibraltar insisted on equal participation in talks between the two countries; Spain disapproved of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory); in 2001, the former inhabitants of the archipelago, evicted 1967 - 1973, were granted UK citizenship and the right of return, followed by Orders in Council in 2004 that banned rehabitation, a High Court ruling reversed the ban, a Court of Appeal refusal to hear the case, and a Law Lords' decision in 2008 denied the right of return; in addition, the UK created the world's largest marine protection area around the Chagos islands prohibiting the extraction of any natural resources therein; UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
" + "text": "UK-Argentina: UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
UK-Argentina-Chile: the UK’s territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim
UK-Denmark: the UK, Iceland, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Iceland, Norway, and the Faroe Islands signed an agreement in 2019 extending the Faroe Islands’ northern continental shelf area
UK (Gibraltar)-Spain: in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement between the UK and Spain; the Government of Gibraltar insisted on equal participation in talks between the two countries; Spain disapproved of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; London and Madrid reached a temporary agreement at the end of 2020 that allowed Gibraltar to be part of the passport-free Schengen zone; talks are expected to continue in 2022
UK-Mauritius-Seychelles: Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory); in 2001, the former inhabitants of the archipelago, evicted 1967 - 1973, were granted UK citizenship and the right of return, followed by Orders in Council in 2004 that banned rehabitation, a High Court ruling reversed the ban, a Court of Appeal refusal to hear the case, and a Law Lords' decision in 2008 denied the right of return; in addition, the UK created the world's largest marine protection area around the Chagos Islands prohibiting the extraction of any natural resources therein
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 70,500 (Ukraine) (as of 6 June 2022)" + "text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 82,100 (Ukraine) (as of 20 June 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,968 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index dc085464..a2d5e0e7 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.
A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.
Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.
On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 21 June, approximately 8 million people had fled Ukraine, and more than 7.13 million people were internally displaced as of 30 May. Over 10,000 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 21 June.
" + "text": "
Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.
A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.
Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.
On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 21 June, approximately 8 million people had fled Ukraine, and 6.275 million people were internally displaced as of 23 May. Over 10,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 26 June.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "
1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remains unratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete and demarcation began in 2012; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops; the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
" + "text": "Ukraine-Belarus: in 1997, Ukraine and Belarus signed a boundary delimitation treaty; the instruments of ratification were exchanged in 2013; a joint commission should be established to enable the actual demarcation to begin
Ukraine-Hungary: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Hungary to escape the Russian invasion in their country
Ukraine-Moldova: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Moldova to escape the Russian invasion in their country; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops
Ukraine-Poland: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Poland to escape the Russian invasion in their country
Ukraine-Romania: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Romania to escape the Russian invasion in their country, the ICJ in 2009 ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
Ukraine-Russia: the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia
Ukraine-Slovakia: tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion of their country
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index ac44a28b..a955c3e5 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies
" + "text": "UAE-Oman: boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published
UAE-Iran: Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island near the Strait of Hormuz, which Iran has occupied since 1971
UAE-Saudi Arabia: the UAE has differences with Saudi Arabia over their border and the sharing of a major oilfield there, although the issue is seldom mentioned publically
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "stateless persons": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 23196b14..5020e617 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -1172,9 +1172,6 @@ "text": "Local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders.
Armenia-Azerbaijan: The dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability. Residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan-Georgia: A joint boundary commission agrees on most of the alignment, leaving only small areas at certain crossing points in dispute. Consequently, the two states have yet to agree on a delimitation or demarcation of their common boundary. One area of contention is where the international boundary should run through the 6th-13th Century David-Gareja monastery complex.
Azerbaijan-Iran: None identified
Azerbaijan-Russia: Russia complains of cross-border smuggling.
Azerbaijan-Turkey: None identified
Caspian Sea (Maritime Boundary): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea. Bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian.
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a \"seam line\" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
" + "text": "Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a \"seam line\" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
none
" + "text": "none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "stateless persons": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 0a6d55de..2cf24214 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities; Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue discussions on a maritime boundary with Iran
" + "text": "Saudi Arabia-Bahrain: none identified
Saudi Arabia-Iraq: Saudi Arabia has been building a fence along its border with Iraq to keep out militants and smugglers
Saudi Arabia-Jordan: Jordan and Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to demarcate their maritime borders in 2007
Saudi Arabia-Kuwait: Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue discussions on a maritime boundary with Iran; in December 2019, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait signed an agreement to demarcate land in a neutral zone and to restart oil production in shared fields, which had been suspended since 2014 because of disagreements
Saudi Arabia-Oman: none identified
Saudi Arabia-Qatar: none identified
Saudi Arabia-UAE: Saudi Arabia and UAE have disputed the Shaybah oilfield, which Saudi Arabia controls
Saudi Arabia-Yemen: the two countries signed the Treaty of Jeddah in 2000, which specified the coordinates of their land and maritime border and made provisions for grazing, the placement of armed forces, and future resource exploitation; in 2010, Saudi Arabia reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal crossborder activities
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "stateless persons": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index a837941b..bb82360a 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled with UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) patrolling a buffer zone since 1974; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation would settle border dispute with Jordan
" + "text": "Syria-Iraq: none identified
Syria-Israel: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled with UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) patrolling a buffer zone since 1974; because of ceasefire violations and increased military activity in the Golan Heights, the UN Security Council continues to extend UNDOF’s mandate; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights
Syria-Jordan: the two countries signed an agreement in 2005 to settle the border dispute based on a 1931 demarcation accord; the two countries began demarcation in 2006
Syria-Lebanon: discussions on demarcating the two countries’ maritime borders were held in April 2021, after Syria signed a contract with a Russian company to conduct oil and gas exploration in a disputed maritime area, but the issue was not resolved
Syria-Turkey: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index dd5db752..dcc0f28e 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "26.4 years (2019 est.)" + "text": "26.6 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ "text": "Ambarli (3,104,882), Mersin (Icel) (1,854,312), Izmet (1,715,193) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Izmir Aliaga, Marmara Ereglisi" + "text": "Aliaga, Dortyol, Ekti (Izmir), Marmara Ereglisi" } } }, @@ -1233,11 +1233,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley
" + "text": "Turkey-Armenia: in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; in early 2022, the two countries held talks twice aimed at normalizing relations, which could lead to the opening of their land border, shut since 1993; in 2000, Turkish authorities complained to UNESCO that blasting from quarries in Armenia was damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley
Turkey-Azerbaijan: none identified
Turkey-Bulgaria: none identified
Turkrey-Cyprus: status of northern Cyprus question remains
Turkey-Georgia: none identified
Turkey-Greece: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea, including rights to explore oil and gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean and illegal migrants transiting from Turkey into Greece
Turkey-Iran: none identified
Turkey-Iraq: Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq
Turkey-Syria: Turkey completed building a wall along its border with Syria in 2018 to prevent illegal border crossings and smuggling
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,724,240 (Syria) (2022); 145,000 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2022)" + "text": "3,684,488 (Syria) (2022); 145,000 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index 0285b577..3e3cac7c 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -321,10 +321,10 @@ }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { - "text": "0.7% (2020) Includes both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank" + "text": "0.7% (2020) ; note - includes both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, "women married by age 18": { - "text": "13.4% (2020 est.) Includes both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank" + "text": "13.4% (2020 est.) ; note - includes both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank" } }, "Education expenditures": { @@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "the current status of the West Bank is subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel continues construction of a \"seam line\" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israel withdrew from Gaza and four settlements in the northern West Bank in August 2005; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem, monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
" + "text": "West Bank-Israel: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a \"seam line\" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 98b4e46d..26a86d96 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -1174,11 +1174,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities
" + "text": "Yemen-Oman: none identified
Yemen-Saudia Arabia: in 2004, Saudi Arabia reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities, including militants and arms; in 2013 and 2015, Saudi Arabia again erected fences
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "68,986 (Somalia), 17,705 (Ethiopia) (2022)" + "text": "69,097 (Somalia), 17,705 (Ethiopia) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "4,288,739 (conflict in Sa'ada Governorate; clashes between al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula and government forces) (2022)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 1fb30942..0d5902c5 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ "note": "Note: in April 2021, the Mexican congress passed a judicial reform which changed 7 articles of the constitution and preceded a new Organic Law on the Judicial Branch of the Federation" }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "
Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) or MC [Clemente CASTANEDA Hoeflich]
Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) or PRI [Claudia RUIZ Massieu]
Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Mexican Green Ecological Party (Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico) or PVEM [Karen CASTREJON Trujillo]
Movement for National Regeneration (Movimiento Regeneracion Nacional) or MORENA [Mario DELGADO Carillo]
National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Antonio CORTES Mendoza]
Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ZAMBRANO Grijalva]
Together We Make History (Juntos Hacemos Historia) - alliance that includes MORENA, PT, PVEM
This Is For Mexico (Va Por Mexico) – alliance that includes PAN, PRI, and PRD
Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) or MC [Clemente CASTANEDA Hoeflich]
Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) or PRI [Claudia RUIZ Massieu]
Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Mexican Green Ecological Party (Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico) or PVEM [Karen CASTREJON Trujillo]
Movement for National Regeneration (Movimiento Regeneracion Nacional) or MORENA [Mario DELGADO Carillo]
National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Antonio CORTES Mendoza]
Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ZAMBRANO Grijalva]
This Is For Mexico (Va Por Mexico) – alliance that includes PAN, PRI, and PRD
Together We Make History (Juntos Hacemos Historia) - alliance that includes MORENA, PT, PVEM
none
" + "text": "none identified
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 2a7d23d7..7e74aa24 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ }, "Natural resources": { "text": "coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land;", - "note": "note 1: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's totalthe US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution
" + "text": "US-Antarctica: the US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states
US-Bahamas: the Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; the two countries have met several times to define their maritime boundary
US-Canada: Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; because of the dispute over Machias Seal Island and adjoining North Rock, the terminus of the land boundary beyond Canada's Grand Manon Island and the US state of Maine is not defined
US-Canada-Mexico: the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders
US-Cuba: the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease
US-Haiti: Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; the dispute dates to 1857, when the US claimed the Navassa Island under the 1856 Guano Act; Haiti claims it has had ownership over Navassa Island continuously since its 1801 constitution laid claim to “adjacent lands”
US-Marshall Islands: in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory; control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands’ exclusive economic zone; the US State Department is assembling a group of experts from both countries to discuss the maritime boundary
US-Russia: 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification
US-Tokelau: Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American Samoa
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/oceans/oo.json b/oceans/oo.json index 4644182f..2a52c3bb 100644 --- a/oceans/oo.json +++ b/oceans/oo.json @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctica entry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK assert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf in the Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest in extending those continental shelf claims under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to include undersea ridges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land or maritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so)
" + "text": "Antarctica-various: Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctica entry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK assert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf in the Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest in extending those continental shelf claims under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to include undersea ridges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land or maritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so); no formal claims exist in the waters in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 4e358b24..ff85c6cb 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "21.2 years (2008 est.)", - "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-29" + "text": "21.1 years (2008 est.)", + "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "155 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index f73a9277..ed105d46 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { - "text": "(2018) NA" + "text": "NA" }, "male": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index a2ac8df0..8b7d4943 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "area claimed by French Guiana between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa); Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeks UN Convention on the Law of the Sea arbitration to resolve the longstanding dispute with Suriname over the axis of the territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters
" + "text": "Suriname-Brazil: none identified
Suriname-France (French Guiana): in March 2021, Suriname and France signed an agreement to establish their border along the Maroni River and its tributary the Lawa River and to cooperate in combatting illegal gold mining; however, the area further south between the Litani and Marouini Rivers is still disputed, with Suriname claiming the border is along the Marouini to the east and France arguing it is along the Litani River to the west
Suriname-Guyana: the two countries dispute the territory between two rivers, known as the New River Triangle, with Suriname contending that the New River (also called the Upper Corentyne) to the west marks their common border, while Guyana asserts that the Kutari River to the east forms the border; each side claims that their river is the source of the Corentyne River that forms a border further north between the two countries; the Permanent Court of Arbitration settled the maritime boundary between Suriname and Guyana in 2007 in an area with potentially substantial oil reserves
" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a transit country for South American cocaine en route to Europe, the United States and Africa; marijuana is the primary drug consumed locally" diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index c6383993..2cba85b2 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "
unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for violent extremist organizations
" + "text": "Paraguay-Argentina-Brazil: unruly region at convergence of Paraguay-Argentina-Brazil borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for violent extremist organizations
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index e00a02c6..02c70038 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
" + "text": "Peru-Bolivia: Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Peru-Brazil: none identified
Peru-Chile: Bolivia continues to press for a sovereign corridor to the Pacific Ocean; any concession Chile makes to Bolivia to grant them a sovereign corridor requires approval by Peru under the terms of their treaty; in January 2018, the International Court of Justice ruled that Chile is not legally obligated to negotiate a sovereign corridor to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia
Peru-Chile-Ecuador: Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines out to 200 nautical miles, which would give Peru 37,900 square kilometers of water
Peru-Colombia: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; problems also include crossborder illegal migration, human trafficking, and contraband smuggling
Peru-Ecuador: in 1999, Tiwinza memorial park wasvcreated on lands that remains sovereign Peruvian territory, but Ecuador has the right to maintain and administer it in perpetuity
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/south-america/sx.json b/south-america/sx.json index 348168e6..33cad93f 100644 --- a/south-america/sx.json +++ b/south-america/sx.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force
" + "text": "South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (UK)-Argentina: Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force
" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index c9248164..aa09075e 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border
" + "text": "Uruguay-Argentina: in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime, which ended the dispute
Uruguay-Brazil: uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index d5302e26..0cb39b82 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim
" + "text": "Venezuela-Brazil: none identified
Venezuela-Colombia: dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; the border between the two countries was closed from March 2020 to October 2021 due to COVID, but goods and people fleeing poverty and violence continued to be smuggled from Venezuela into Colombia, and illegal narcotics and armed men flowed into Venezuela from Colombia; since the FARC disarmed in 2016, some former members have formed armed dissident groups that operate along the border
Venezuela-Guyana: claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; in 2018, Guyana initiated proceedings against Venezuela with the International Court of Justice (ICJ); Venezuela requested a direct dialogue to settle the dispute; the ICJ ruled that it had jurisdiction to hear the case in December 2020; in September 2021, Venezuelan officials issued a statement reasserting dominion over three-quarters of Guyana, which Guyana stated was a threat to its sovereignty and territorial integrity
Venezuela-various: Venezuela claims Aves Island and thereby an economic exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Venezuela’s claim to Aves Island is disputed by Dominica and several other countries because the island has rich guano deposits useful in producing fertilizer and gunpowder, as well as large fish stocks and natural gas reserves; contraband smuggling (narcotics and arms), illegal migration, trafficking in animals, plants, lumber, illegal exploitation of mineral resources
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 4987af0b..10f52ad5 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -1166,7 +1166,8 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "not available; in early 2022, the Taliban announced intentions to form a military of approximately 110,000 personnel; prior to August 2021, the ANDSF had approximately 300,000 personnel (180,000 Ministry of Defense; 120,000 Ministry of Interior) (2022)" + "text": "estimated 58,000 to 100,000 Taliban fighters, with numbers fluctuating based on the time of year and battlefield operations; in 2022, the Taliban announced intentions to form a military of approximately 110,000 personnel (2022)", + "note": "note - as of 2022, there were also up to 10,000 foreign fighters in Afghanistan, most of whom were aligned with the Taliban" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the former Afghan military's inventory was mostly a mix of Soviet-era and more modern US and Russian equipment (2021)" diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 46987807..1b144276 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "none
" + "text": "none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index d58adb71..329527b0 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "21 years (2015/16)", + "text": "21.2 years (2019/21)", "note": "note: median age a first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { @@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Patricia A. LACINA (since 9 September 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Patricia A. LACINA (since 9 September 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021" @@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ "text": "Jawaharal Nehru Port (5,100,891), Mundra (4,732,699) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Dabhol, Dahej, Hazira" + "text": "Dabhol, Dahej, Hazira, Kochi" } } }, @@ -1262,7 +1262,8 @@ "text": "the inventory of the Indian Armed Forces consists mostly of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment along with a smaller mix of Western and domestically-produced arms; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms to India; other key suppliers included France, Israel, and the US; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both indigenous use and export (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17 1/2, Air Force 17, Navy 16 1/2); no conscription; women may join as officers, currently serve in combat roles as Air Force pilots, and under consideration for Army and Navy combat roles (currently can fly naval reconnaissance aircraft) (2022)" + "text": "16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17.5, Air Force 17, Navy 16.5); no conscription (2022)", + "note": "note(s) - in June 2022, the Indian Government announced that it would begin recruiting 46,000 men aged 17.5-21 annually to serve on 4-year contracts; at the end of their tenure, 25% would be retained for longer terms of service, while the rest would be forced to retire, although some of those leaving the service would be eligible to serve in the Coast Guard, the Merchant Navy, civilian positions in the Ministry of Defense, and in the paramilitary forces of the Ministry of Home Affairs, such as the Central Armed Police Forces and Assam Riflesvarious talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004 cease-fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; since 2002, with UN assistance, Pakistan has repatriated 3.8 million Afghan refugees, leaving about 2.6 million; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps
" + "text": "Pakistan-Afghanistan: since 2002, with UN assistance, Pakistan has repatriated about 5.3 million Afghan refugees, leaving about 2.74-3 million; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; in February 2022, amid skirmishes between Taliban and Pakistani forces, Pakistan announced its intent to finish constructing the barbed wire fence along the Durand Line and bring nearby areas under its control; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps
Pakistan-China: none identified
Pakistan-India: Kashmir remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; the Siachen glacier is claimed by both countries and militarily occupied by India: Pakistan opposed India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control (completed in 2004) and the construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River (opened in 2008) in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh in India's Gujarat State as part of Pakistan
Pakistan-Iran: none identified
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 0fb8bddb..7b6cf34b 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ }, "Terrain": { "Terrain": { - "text": "tremendous variation of terrain on each of the continents; check the World 'Elevation' entry for a compilation of terrain extremes; the world's ocean floors are marked by mid-ocean ridges while the ocean surfaces form a dynamic, continuously changing environment; check the \"Terrain\" field and its 'major surface currents' and 'ocean zones' subfields under each of the five ocean (Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern) entries for further information on oceanic environs" + "text": "tremendous variation of terrain on each of the continents; check the World \"Elevation\" entry for a compilation of terrain extremes; the world's ocean floors are marked by mid-ocean ridges while the ocean surfaces form a dynamic, continuously changing environment; check the \"Terrain\" field and its 'major surface currents' and 'ocean zones' subfields under each of the five ocean entries (Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern) for further information on oceanic environs" }, "Ten Cave Superlatives": { "text": "compiled from \"Geography - note(s)\" under various country entries where more details may be found
stretching over some 280,000 km, the world's 325 international land boundaries separate 195 independent states and 70 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities; ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries; most maritime states have claimed limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones; overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments; boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition; ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement of the estimated 45.7 million people and cross-border displacements of approximately 30.2 million refugees and asylum seekers around the world as of yearend 2019; approximately 317,200 refugees were repatriated during 2019; other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land; armed conflict prevails not so much between the uniformed armed forces of independent states as between stateless armed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of local populations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmental degradation
" + "text": "stretching over some 280,000 km, the world's 325 international land boundaries separate 195 independent states and 70 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities; ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries; most maritime states have claimed limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones; overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments; boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition; ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement of the estimated 45.7 million people and cross-border displacements of approximately 31.7 million refugees and asylum seekers around the world as of yearend 2021; approximately 429,300 refugees were repatriated during 2021; other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land; armed conflict prevails not so much between the uniformed armed forces of independent states as between stateless armed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of local populations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmental degradation
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "text": "the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that as of year-end 2021 there were 89.3 million people forcibly displaced worldwide; this includes 53.2 million IDPs, 27.1 million refugees, 4.6 million asylum seekers, and 4.4 million Venezuelans displaced abroad; the UNHCR estimates there are currently more than 4.3 million stateless persons as of year-end 2021
"