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29
middle-east/ae.json
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@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
"text": "100 <100 (2020)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 April 2021, UAE has reported a total of 472,148 cases of COVID-19 or 4,773.8 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 15.29 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 23 February 2021, 35.2% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 October 2021, UAE has reported a total of 737,073 cases of COVID-19 or 7,452.41 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 21.27 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 93.95% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "31.7% (2016)"
@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "NA"
"text": "3.1% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
}
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 April 2021, UAE has reported a total of 472,148 cases of COVID-19 or 4,773.8 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 15.29 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 23 February 2021, 35.2% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 October 2021, UAE has reported a total of 737,073 cases of COVID-19 or 7,452.41 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 21.27 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 93.95% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -1010,19 +1010,19 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "25 (2013)"
"text": "25"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "12 (2013)"
"text": "12"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "5 (2013)"
"text": "5"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
@ -1030,19 +1030,19 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "18 (2013)"
"text": "18"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "4 (2013)"
"text": "4"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "6 (2013)"
"text": "6"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "6 (2013)"
@ -1114,6 +1114,9 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 17 years of age for male volunteers with parental approval; 24-month general service obligation, 16 months for secondary school graduates; women can volunteer to serve for 9 months regardless of education (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>in 2015, UAE intervened militarily in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition in support of the Republic of Yemen Government with about 3,500 troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a small military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC); as of 2021, UAE had recruited, trained, and equipped an estimated 150-200,000 Yemeni fighters and formed them into dozens of militia and paramilitary units</p>"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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middle-east/aj.json
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@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
"text": "4.9% (2013)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)"
"text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -1017,19 +1017,19 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "30 (2017)"
"text": "30"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2017)"
"text": "5"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2017)"
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "13 (2017)"
"text": "13"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "4 (2017)"
"text": "4"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "3 (2017)"
@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "7 (2013)"
"text": "7"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "7 (2013)"
@ -1106,11 +1106,11 @@
"Military deployments": {
"text": "120 Afghanistan (NATO) (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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middle-east/am.json
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@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
"text": "2.6% (2015/16)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.7% of GDP (2017)"
"text": "2.7% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -618,6 +618,18 @@
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region.</p><p></p><p>Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan.</p><p></p><p>Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$40.384 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$37.531 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$35.676 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "7.5% (2017 est.)"
@ -629,6 +641,21 @@
"text": "3.3% (2015 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$13,654 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$12,715 (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$12,115 (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "1.4% (2019 est.)"
@ -648,44 +675,6 @@
"text": "Ba3 (2019)"
}
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$40.384 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$37.531 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$35.676 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$13,654 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$12,715 (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$12,115 (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Gross national saving": {
"Gross national saving 2019": {
"text": "10.2% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Gross national saving 2018": {
"text": "15.5% of GDP (2018 est.)"
},
"Gross national saving 2017": {
"text": "16.9% of GDP (2017 est.)"
}
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "16.7% (2017 est.)"
@ -717,20 +706,6 @@
"text": "-50.4% (2017 est.)"
}
},
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
"Overall score": {
"text": "74.5 (2020)"
},
"Starting a Business score": {
"text": "96.1 (2020)"
},
"Trading score": {
"text": "91.7 (2020)"
},
"Enforcement score": {
"text": "69.7 (2020)"
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley"
},
@ -789,9 +764,6 @@
"text": "3.192 billion (2017 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
"text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
@ -803,6 +775,9 @@
"text": "51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
@ -1023,16 +998,16 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "10 (2017)"
"text": "10"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "2 (2017)"
"text": "2"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "2 (2017)"
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "4 (2017)"
"text": "4"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2 (2017)"
@ -1040,7 +1015,7 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
@ -1097,14 +1072,11 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Armenian Armed Forces includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, almost all of Armenia's weapons imports have come from Russia (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "120 Afghanistan (NATO); contributes troops to CSTO's Rapid Reaction Force (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation, which can be served as an officer upon deferment for university studies if enrolled in officer-producing program; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended<br><br>Armenia has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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middle-east/ba.json
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@ -95,6 +95,9 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -414,6 +417,9 @@
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
"text": "8% (2012 est.)"
}
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -560,7 +566,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maggie NARDI (since August 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maggie NARDI (since August 2019)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Building 979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, P.O. Box 26431, Manama"
@ -979,10 +985,10 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "4 (2017)"
"text": "4"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3 (2017)"
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2017)"
@ -1049,6 +1055,9 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2021, Bahrain hosted the US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT; established 1983), which included the US 5th Fleet, several subordinate naval task forces, and the Combined Maritime Forces (established 2002), a coalition of more than 30 nations providing maritime security for regional shipping lanes; in 2018, the UK opened a naval support base in Bahrain<br><br>Bahrain has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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middle-east/gg.json
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@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
"text": "2.1% (2018)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "3.5% of GDP (2018)"
"text": "3.8% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -627,6 +627,18 @@
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its electricity needs.</p><p></p><p>Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods.</p><p></p><p>Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment, remittances, and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sank to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-17, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment remains persistently high.</p><p></p><p>The country is pinning its hopes for faster growth on a continued effort to build up infrastructure, enhance support for entrepreneurship, simplify regulations, and improve professional education, in order to attract foreign investment and boost employment, with a focus on transportation projects, tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Georgia had historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia concluded an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. In 2017, Georgia signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China as part of Tbilisi’s efforts to diversify its economic ties. Georgia is seeking to develop its Black Sea ports to further facilitate East-West trade.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$55.776 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$53.129 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$50.662 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "5% (2017 est.)"
@ -638,6 +650,21 @@
"text": "2.9% (2015 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$14,992 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$14,257 (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$13,590 (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "4.8% (2019 est.)"
@ -660,44 +687,6 @@
"text": "BB (2019)"
}
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$55.776 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$53.129 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$50.662 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$14,992 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$14,257 (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$13,590 (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Gross national saving": {
"Gross national saving 2019": {
"text": "22% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Gross national saving 2018": {
"text": "21.3% of GDP (2018 est.)"
},
"Gross national saving 2017": {
"text": "19.2% of GDP (2017 est.)"
}
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "8.2% (2017 est.)"
@ -729,20 +718,6 @@
"text": "-62.2% (2017 est.)"
}
},
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
"Overall score": {
"text": "83.7 (2020)"
},
"Starting a Business score": {
"text": "99.6 (2020)"
},
"Trading score": {
"text": "90.1 (2020)"
},
"Enforcement score": {
"text": "75 (2020)"
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, grapes, maize, potatoes, wheat, watermelons, tomatoes, tangerines/mandarins, barley, apples"
},
@ -798,9 +773,6 @@
"text": "4.925 billion (2017 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
"text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
@ -813,6 +785,9 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
@ -1039,19 +1014,19 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "18 (2017)"
"text": "18"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1 (2017)"
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "7 (2017)"
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "3 (2017)"
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "5 (2017)"
"text": "5"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2017)"
@ -1059,13 +1034,13 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "4 (2013)"
"text": "4"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
@ -1134,11 +1109,11 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Georgian Defense Forces are equipped mostly with older Russian and Soviet-era weapons; since 2010, it has received limited quantities of equipment from Bulgaria, France, and the US (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Georgia does not have any military stationed in the separatist territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, but approximately 7-10,000 Russian troops have been stationed in these regions since the 2008 Russia-Georgia War (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "conscription abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017; 18 to 27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2021, Georgia did not have any military stationed in the separatist territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, but approximately 7-10,000 Russian troops have been stationed in these regions since the 2008 Russia-Georgia War"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

6
middle-east/gz.json
View file

@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)",
"text": "5.3% of GDP (2018)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"Literacy": {
@ -663,10 +663,10 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "1 (2019)"
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1"
"text": "1 (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note</strong> - non-operational"
},

29
middle-east/ir.json
View file

@ -104,6 +104,9 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport"
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -322,7 +325,7 @@
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 20 July 2021, Iran has reported a total of 3,548,704 cases of COVID-19 or 4,225 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 104.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 6.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Iran has reported a total of 5,651,961 cases of COVID-19 or 6,729.09 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 144.73 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 27 September 2021, 42.69% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "25.8% (2016)"
@ -331,7 +334,7 @@
"text": "4.1% (2010/11)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "4% of GDP (2018)"
"text": "3.7% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -458,7 +461,7 @@
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 20 July 2021, Iran has reported a total of 3,548,704 cases of COVID-19 or 4,225 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 104.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 6.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Iran has reported a total of 5,651,961 cases of COVID-19 or 6,729.09 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 144.73 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 27 September 2021, 42.69% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -470,6 +473,9 @@
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
"text": "5% (2017 est.)"
}
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -1005,7 +1011,7 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "140 (2019)"
"text": "140"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "42"
@ -1020,24 +1026,24 @@
"text": "36"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "7"
"text": "7 (2019)"
}
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "179 (2013)"
"text": "179"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "9 (2013)"
"text": "9"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "135 (2013)"
"text": "135"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "32 (2013)"
@ -1129,6 +1135,9 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation is 18-24 months; women exempt from military service (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was formed in May 1979 in the immediate aftermath of Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI’s fall, as leftists, nationalists, and Islamists jockeyed for power; while the interim prime minister controlled the government and state institutions, such as the Army, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI organized counterweights, including the IRGC, to protect the Islamic revolution; the IRGC’s command structure bypassed the elected president and went directly to KHOMEINI; the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) transformed the IRGC into more of a conventional fighting force with its own ground, air, naval, and special forces, plus control over Iran’s strategic missile and rocket forces; as of 2021, the IRGC was a highly institutionalized and parallel military force to Iran’s regular armed forces (Artesh); it was heavily involved in internal security and had significant influence in the political and economic spheres of Iranian society, as well as Iran’s foreign policy; its special operations forces, known as the Qods Force, specialized in foreign missions and has provided advice, funding, guidance, material support, training, and weapons to militants in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, as well as extremist groups, including HAMAS, Hizballah, Kata’ib Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad (see Appendix-T for additional details on the IRGC and Qods Force)</p> <p>the Supreme Council for National Security (SCNS) is the senior-most body for formulating Iran’s foreign and security policy; it is formally chaired by the president, who also appoints the SCNS secretary; its members include the speaker of the Majles, the head of the judiciary, the chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (chief of defense or CHOD), the commanders of the Artesh (regular forces) and IRGC, and the ministers of defense, foreign affairs, interior, and intelligence; the SCNS reports to the supreme leader; the supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

16
middle-east/is.json
View file

@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "6.1% of GDP (2017)"
"text": "6.2% of GDP (2018)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "33 (2019)"
"text": "33"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
@ -1065,18 +1065,18 @@
"text": "12"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "8"
"text": "8 (2019)"
}
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "9 (2020)"
"text": "9"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "6"
"text": "6 (2013)"
}
},
"Heliports": {
@ -1146,11 +1146,11 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the majority of the IDF's inventory is comprised of weapons that are domestically-produced or imported from Europe and the US; since 2010, the US is by far the leading supplier of arms to Israel, followed by Germany; Israel has a broad defense industrial base that can develop, produce, support, and sustain a wide variety of weapons systems for both domestic use and export, particularly armored vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, air defense, and guided missiles (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of July 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnel"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druze) military service; 17 years of age for voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 32 months for enlisted men and about 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation), 48 months for officers; pilots commit to 9-year service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of August 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnel<br> <p>as of 2021 and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Israel has routinely carried out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian, Iranian-backed militia and Hizballah forces, and some Syrian Government troops; over the same period, the IDF has carried out numerous strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; Israel fought a month-long war in Lebanon with Hizballah in 2006 (see Appendix-T for details on Hizballah)</p> <p>as of 2021, the IDF also conducted frequent operations against the HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorist groups operating out of the Gaza Strip; since seizing control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, HAMAS has claimed responsibility for numerous rocket attacks into Israel and organized protests at the border between Gaza and Israel, resulting in violent clashes, casualties, and reprisal military actions by the IDF; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in May of 2021, which ended in an informal truce; sporadic clashes continued through 2021, including incendiary balloon attacks from Palestinian territory and retaliatory IDF strikes; PIJ has conducted numerous attacks on Israel since the 1980s, including a barrage of mortar and rocket strikes in February 2020 (see Appendix-T for more details on HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad)<br><br>Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

42
middle-east/iz.json
View file

@ -98,6 +98,12 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf"
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -315,7 +321,7 @@
"food or waterborne diseases": {
"text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 19 July 2021, Iraq has reported a total of 1,501,595 cases of COVID-19 or 3,733.22 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 44.48 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 1.74% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 6 October 2021, Iraq has reported a total of 2,014,104 cases of COVID-19 or 5,007.41 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 55.74 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 26 September 2021, 11.35% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "30.4% (2016)"
@ -437,7 +443,7 @@
"food or waterborne diseases": {
"text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 19 July 2021, Iraq has reported a total of 1,501,595 cases of COVID-19 or 3,733.22 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 44.48 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 1.74% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 6 October 2021, Iraq has reported a total of 2,014,104 cases of COVID-19 or 5,007.41 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 55.74 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 26 September 2021, 11.35% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Food insecurity": {
"severe localized food insecurity": {
@ -448,6 +454,12 @@
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
"text": "13.14 million tons (2015 est.)"
}
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -1017,19 +1029,19 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "72 (2017)"
"text": "72"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "20 (2017)"
"text": "20"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "34 (2017)"
"text": "34"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "4 (2017)"
"text": "4"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "7 (2017)"
"text": "7"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "7 (2017)"
@ -1037,19 +1049,19 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "30 (2013)"
"text": "30"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2013)"
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "13 (2013)"
"text": "13"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "6 (2013)"
@ -1122,11 +1134,11 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Iraqi military inventory is comprised of Russian and Soviet-era equipment combined with newer European- and US-sourced platforms; since 2010, Russia and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware to Iraq (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of early 2021, Iraqi military and security forces continued to conduct counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq</p> <p>Shia militia and paramilitary units from the Popular Mobilization Committee and Affiliated Forces (PMF) have fought alongside the Iraqi military against ISIS since 2014, but the majority of these forces continue to largely ignore the 2016 Law of the Popular Mobilization Authority, which mandated that armed militias must be regulated in a fashion similar to Iraq’s other security forces and act under the Iraqi government’s direct control; the Iraqi prime minister legally commands the PMF, but most of the militia brigades take orders from associated political parties and/or other government officials, including some with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps</p> <p>the Kurdish Peshmerga are formally recognized as a legitimate Iraqi military force under the country’s constitution and have operated jointly with the Iraqi military against ISIS militants, but they also operate outside of Iraqi military command structure; the Peshmerga report to the Kurdistan Regional Government or Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan parties instead of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense<br><br>at the request of the Iraqi government, NATO agreed to establish an advisory, training and capacity-building mission in Iraq in October 2018 to help Iraqi forces in their fight against ISIS; NATO Mission Iraq (NMI) currently has about 500 troops, but in February 2021 NATO announced it would increase the presence to about 4,000, although no timeframe was given</p>"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of early 2021, Iraqi military and security forces continued to conduct counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq</p> <p>Shia militia and paramilitary units from the Popular Mobilization Committee and Affiliated Forces (PMF) have fought alongside the Iraqi military against ISIS since 2014, but the majority of these forces continue to largely ignore the 2016 Law of the Popular Mobilization Authority, which mandated that armed militias must be regulated in a fashion similar to Iraq’s other security forces and act under the Iraqi government’s direct control; the Iraqi prime minister legally commands the PMF, but most of the militia brigades take orders from associated political parties and/or other government officials, including some with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps</p> <p>the Kurdish Peshmerga are formally recognized as a legitimate Iraqi military force under the country’s constitution and have operated jointly with the Iraqi military against ISIS militants, but they also operate outside of Iraqi military command structure; the Peshmerga report to the Kurdistan Regional Government or Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan parties instead of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense<br><br>at the request of the Iraqi government, NATO agreed to establish an advisory, training and capacity-building mission in Iraq in October 2018 to help Iraqi forces in their fight against ISIS; NATO Mission Iraq (NMI) currently has about 500 troops, but in February 2021 NATO announced it would increase the presence to about 4,000, although no timeframe was given</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

33
middle-east/jo.json
View file

@ -95,6 +95,12 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba and as the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the occupied West Bank; the Dead Sea, the lowest point in Asia and the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lac Assal in Djibouti), lies on Jordan's western border with Israel and the West Bank; Jordan is almost landlocked but does have a 26 km southwestern coastline with a single port, Al 'Aqabah (Aqaba)"
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -310,7 +316,7 @@
"text": "<100 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Jordan; as of 6 April 2021, Jordan has reported a total of 639,444 cases of COVID-19 or 6,267.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 71.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 7 April 2021, 4% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Jordan; as of 6 October 2021, Jordan has reported a total of 828,572 cases of COVID-19 or 8,120.76 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 105.48 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 36.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "35.5% (2016)"
@ -319,7 +325,7 @@
"text": "3% (2012)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "3.1% of GDP (2019)"
"text": "3% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -437,7 +443,7 @@
}
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Jordan; as of 6 April 2021, Jordan has reported a total of 639,444 cases of COVID-19 or 6,267.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 71.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 7 April 2021, 4% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Jordan; as of 6 October 2021, Jordan has reported a total of 828,572 cases of COVID-19 or 8,120.76 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 105.48 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 36.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -449,6 +455,12 @@
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
"text": "7% (2014 est.)"
}
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -1022,16 +1034,16 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "16 (2017)"
"text": "16"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "8 (2017)"
"text": "8"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2017)"
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "2 (2017)"
"text": "2"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2017)"
@ -1039,7 +1051,7 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
@ -1113,6 +1125,9 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17 years of age for voluntary male military service (women can volunteer to serve in noncombat military positions in the Royal Jordanian Arab Army Women's Corps and RJAF); initial service term 2 years, with option to reenlist for 18 years; conscription abolished in 1991; however, in 2020, Jordan announced the reinstatement of compulsory military service for jobless men aged between 25 and 29 with 12 months of service, made up of three months of military training and nine months of professional and technical training; in 2019, announced a voluntary 4-month National Military Service program for men and women aged between 18-25 years who have been unemployed for at least six months; service would include one month for military training with the remaining three months dedicated to vocational training in the sectors of construction and tourism (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the Jordanian military traces its origins back to the Arab Legion, which was formed under the British protectorate of Transjordan in the 1920s</p> <p>due largely to its proximity to regional conflicts in Iraq and Syria, the presence of major terrorist organizations in both of those countries, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the highest priorities of Jordan’s military and security services in 2021 included securing its borders and the potential for domestic terrorist attacks; the terrorist group Hizballah and Iranian-backed militia forces were operating in southwestern Syria near Jordan’s border while fighters from the Islamic State of ash-Sham and Syria (ISIS) terrorist group continued operating in both Iraq and Syria; ISIS fighters included Jordanian nationals, some of whom have returned to Jordan; meanwhile, individuals and groups sympathetic to Palestine have planned and conducted terrorist attacks in Jordan</p> <p>Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments<br><br>Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1126,7 +1141,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "2,272,411 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 670,637 (Syria), 66,760 (Iraq), 13,902 (Yemen), 6,024 Sudan (2021)"
"text": "2,272,411 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 670,364 (Syria), 66,760 (Iraq), 13,902 (Yemen), 6,024 Sudan (2021)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "17 (2020)"

25
middle-east/ku.json
View file

@ -95,6 +95,12 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location at head of Persian Gulf"
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -288,7 +294,7 @@
"text": "3% (2014)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "NA"
"text": "6.6% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -409,6 +415,12 @@
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
"text": "1.75 million tons (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
},
"Major aquifers": {
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -968,7 +980,7 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "4 (2019)"
"text": "4"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
@ -977,15 +989,15 @@
"text": "2"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1"
"text": "1 (2019)"
}
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
@ -1052,6 +1064,9 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; Kuwait reintroduced one-year mandatory service for men aged 18-35 in May 2017 after having suspended conscription in 2001; service is divided in two phases &ndash; four months for training and eight months for military service (2018)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Kuwait has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

20
middle-east/le.json
View file

@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
"text": "<100 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Lebanon; as of 6 April 2021, Lebanon has reported a total of 480,502 cases of COVID-19 or 7,039.86 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 94.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 10 April 2021, 2.5% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Lebanon; as of 6 October 2021, Lebanon has reported a total of 626,926 cases of COVID-19 or 9,185.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 122.54 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 24.21% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "32% (2016)"
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.5% of GDP (2013)"
"text": "2.6% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
}
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Lebanon; as of 6 April 2021, Lebanon has reported a total of 480,502 cases of COVID-19 or 7,039.86 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 94.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 10 April 2021, 2.5% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Lebanon; as of 6 October 2021, Lebanon has reported a total of 626,926 cases of COVID-19 or 9,185.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 122.54 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 24.21% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Food insecurity": {
"exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies": {
@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "5 (2019)"
"text": "5"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
@ -1012,15 +1012,15 @@
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1"
"text": "1 (2019)"
}
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
@ -1094,11 +1094,11 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the LAF inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older equipment, largely from the US and European countries, particularly France and Germany; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of armaments (mostly second hand equipment) to Lebanon (2019 est.)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities; accompany and support the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) as they deploy throughout the south of Lebanon; and extend its assistance to help ensure humanitarian access to civilian populations and the voluntary and safe return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had about 10,000 military personnel deployed in the country as of December 2020"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17-25 years of age for voluntary military service (including women); no conscription (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of late 2021, the Lebanese military faced multiple challenges, including securing the border with war- torn Syria from infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State and al-Qa’ida terrorist groups and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based militant group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remained high, including occasional armed skirmishes; in 2021, the military also faced a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate <br><br></p> the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities; accompany and support the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) as they deploy throughout the south of Lebanon; and extend its assistance to help ensure humanitarian access to civilian populations and the voluntary and safe return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had about 10,000 personnel deployed in the country as of September 2021"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

18
middle-east/mu.json
View file

@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
"text": "11.2% (2016/17)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "6.8% of GDP (2017)"
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -1002,13 +1002,13 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "13 (2017)"
"text": "13"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "7 (2017)"
"text": "7"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2017)"
"text": "5"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2017)"
@ -1016,19 +1016,19 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "119 (2013)"
"text": "119"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "7 (2013)"
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "51 (2013)"
"text": "51"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "33 (2013)"
"text": "33"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "26 (2013)"

14
middle-east/qa.json
View file

@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)"
"text": "3.2% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -516,10 +516,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (45 seats; 30 members directly elected by popular vote for 4-year re-electable terms; 15 members&nbsp;appointed by the monarch to serve until resignation or until relieved; note - legislative drafting authority rests with the Council of Ministers and is reviewed by the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last on 17 June 2016 (next in 2019); note - in late 2019, the amir announced the formation of a committee to oversee preparations for the first elected council, although Doha has not selected a date for elections"
"text": "first election held for 30 elected members on 2 October 2021 (next to be held in 2025); date of appointed members NA"
},
"election results": {
"text": "NA; composition - men 41, women 4, percent of women 8.9%"
"text": "30 nonpartisan members elected;&nbsp; composition of elected members - men 30, women 0"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -975,10 +975,10 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "4 (2017)"
"text": "4"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3 (2017)"
"text": "3"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2017)"
@ -986,10 +986,10 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"

23
middle-east/sa.json
View file

@ -990,19 +990,19 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "82 (2017)"
"text": "82"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "33 (2017)"
"text": "33"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "16 (2017)"
"text": "16"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "27 (2017)"
"text": "27"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2 (2017)"
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "4 (2017)"
@ -1010,16 +1010,16 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "132 (2013)"
"text": "132"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "7 (2013)"
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "72 (2013)"
"text": "72"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "37 (2013)"
"text": "37"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "16 (2013)"
@ -1100,7 +1100,10 @@
"text": "est. 2,500-5,000 Yemen (varies depending on operations, which continued into 2021) (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; in 2018, women were allowed to serve as soldiers in the internal security services under certain requirements; in 2019, the Saudi Government agreed to allow women to join the armed forces and serve as soldiers up to the rank of non-commissioned officer (2021)"
"text": "17-40 for men; no conscription; as of 2021, women (aged 17-40) were allowed to serve in the Army, Air Defense, Navy, Strategic Missile Force, medical services, and internal security forces up to the rank of non-commissioned officer (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Huthis; as of 2021, the coalition (consisting largely of Saudi forces) and the Huthis continued to engage in fighting, mostly with air and missile forces, although heavy ground fighting was also reportedly taking place over the key province of Marib; the Saudis have conducted numerous air strikes in northern Yemen, while the Huthis have launched attacks into Saudi territory with ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles armed with explosives; the Saudi-led coalition controlled the country’s airspace and the port of Hodeida; Saudi Arabia also has raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen--based largely on tribal or regional affiliation--to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border, especially the areas bordering the governorates of Saada and Al-Jawf</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

28
middle-east/sy.json
View file

@ -100,6 +100,9 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the capital of Damascus - located at an oasis fed by the Barada River - is thought to be one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities; there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights (2017)"
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -440,6 +443,9 @@
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
"text": "2.5% (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -987,16 +993,16 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "29 (2013)"
"text": "29"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2013)"
"text": "5"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "16 (2013)"
"text": "16"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "5 (2013)"
@ -1004,13 +1010,13 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "61 (2013)"
"text": "61"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "12 (2013)"
"text": "12"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "48 (2013)"
@ -1075,11 +1081,11 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SAF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has supplied nearly all of Syria's imported weapons systems, although China and Iran have also provided military equipment (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of late 2020, UNDOF consisted of about 1,100 military personnel"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-42 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months; women are not conscripted but may volunteer to serve (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of August 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnel"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1090,7 +1096,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled with an almost 1,000-strong UN Disengagement Observer Force patrolling a buffer zone since 1964; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation would settle border dispute with Jordan</p>"
"text": "<p>Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled with UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) patrolling a buffer zone since 1974; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation would settle border dispute with Jordan</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

36
middle-east/tu.json
View file

@ -99,6 +99,9 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus, is the only metropolis in the world located on two continents; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country"
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -314,7 +317,7 @@
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,537,386 cases of COVID-19 or 6,565.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 60 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 46.29% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 October 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 7,296,879 cases of COVID-19 or 8,651.84 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 77.23 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 63.84% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "32.1% (2016)"
@ -323,7 +326,7 @@
"text": "1.5% (2018/19)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "4.3% of GDP (2015)"
"text": "4.3% of GDP (2018)"
},
"Literacy": {
"definition": {
@ -444,12 +447,15 @@
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,537,386 cases of COVID-19 or 6,565.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 60 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 46.29% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 October 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 7,296,879 cases of COVID-19 or 8,651.84 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 77.23 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 63.84% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
"text": "31.283 million tons (2015 est.)"
}
},
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -1035,19 +1041,19 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "91 (2013)"
"text": "91"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "16 (2013)"
"text": "16"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "38 (2013)"
"text": "38"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "17 (2013)"
"text": "17"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "16 (2013)"
"text": "16"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "4 (2013)"
@ -1055,13 +1061,13 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "7 (2013)"
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "4 (2013)"
"text": "4"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
@ -1147,11 +1153,11 @@
"text": "est. 200 (Azerbaijan; monitoring cease-fire, clearing mines); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); est. 25-35,000 Cyprus; 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); est. 1,500-2,000 Qatar; est. 200 Somalia (training mission); est. 10-20,000 Syria (2021)",
"note": "note(s): between 2016 and 2020, Turkey conducted four major military campaigns in northern Syria; Turkey has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including large operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018; its most recent incursions were smaller-scale raids in April and February of 2021; in 2020, Turkey deployed an undetermined number of Turkish military troops and an estimated 3,500-5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities, including keeping a substantial force under NATO in Afghanistan until withdrawing in 2021; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; it is planning to launch new frigates, submarines, and a light aircraft carrier/amphibious assault ship in the next few years, adding to its current force of about 16 frigates and 12 submarines (as of 2021); the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; in a controversial move, it purchased the Russian S-400 air defense system for an estimated $2.5 billion in July 2019; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally (joined 1952) and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense; Turkey in recent years has built expeditionary military bases in Qatar, Somalia, northern Cyprus, and Sudan"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "President Erdoğan on 25 June 2019 signed a new law cutting the men&rsquo;s mandatory military service period in half, as well as making paid military service permanent; with the new system, the period of conscription was reduced from 12 months to six months for privates and non-commissioned soldiers (the service term for reserve officers chosen among university or college graduates will remain 12 months); after completing six months of service, if a conscripted soldier wants to and is suitable for extending his military service, he may do so for an additional six months in return for a monthly salary; under the new law, all male Turkish citizens over the age of 20 will be required to undergo a one month military training period, but they can obtain an exemption from the remaining five months of their mandatory service by paying 31,000 Turkish Liras (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) remain focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing, although the TSK's role in internal security has been significantly reduced in the past decade; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities, including keeping a substantial force under NATO in Afghanistan until withdrawing in 2021; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; it is planning to launch new frigates, submarines, and a light aircraft carrier/amphibious assault ship in the next few years, adding to its current force of about 16 frigates and 12 submarines (as of 2021); the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; in a controversial move, it purchased the Russian S-400 air defense system for an estimated $2.5 billion in 2019; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally (joined 1952) and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense; Turkey in recent years has built expeditionary military bases in Qatar, Somalia, northern Cyprus, and Sudan"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1166,7 +1172,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "3,713,344 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)"
"text": "3,718,322 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2020)"

6
middle-east/we.json
View file

@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)",
"text": "5.3% of GDP (2018)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"Literacy": {
@ -816,10 +816,10 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "2 (2013)"
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"

18
middle-east/ym.json
View file

@ -1044,16 +1044,16 @@
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "17 (2013)"
"text": "17"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "4 (2013)"
"text": "4"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "9 (2013)"
"text": "9"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2013)"
@ -1061,19 +1061,19 @@
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "40 (2013)"
"text": "40"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3 (2013)"
"text": "3"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5 (2013)"
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "7 (2013)"
"text": "7"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "16 (2013)"
"text": "16"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "9 (2013)"