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auto-update week 40
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Yo Robot
parent
81b4210589
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9 changed files with 211 additions and 411 deletions
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@ -659,28 +659,6 @@
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"Economic overview": {
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"text": "<p>Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for more than half of foreign exchange earnings, but these earnings are subject to fluctuations in weather and international coffee and tea prices, Burundi is heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors, as well as foreign exchange earnings from participation in the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Foreign aid represented 48% of Burundi's national income in 2015, one of the highest percentages in Sub-Saharan Africa, but this figure decreased to 33.5% in 2016 due to political turmoil surrounding President NKURUNZIZA’s bid for a third term. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009.</p><p></p><p>Burundi faces several underlying weaknesses – low governmental capacity, corruption, a high poverty rate, poor educational levels, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, and overburdened utilities – that have prevented the implementation of planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept pace with inflation, which reached approximately 18% in 2017.</p><p></p><p>Real GDP growth dropped precipitously following political events in 2015 and has yet to recover to pre-conflict levels. Continued resistance by donors and the international community will restrict Burundi’s economic growth as the country deals with a large current account deficit.</p>"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
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"text": "-1% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
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"text": "-4% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "-0.6% (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
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"text": "-2.5% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
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"text": "15.9% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$8.667 billion (2019 est.)"
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@ -693,8 +671,16 @@
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$3.027 billion (2019 est.)"
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
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"text": "-1% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
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"text": "-4% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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@ -708,15 +694,18 @@
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"Gross national saving 2018": {
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"text": "4.4% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$3.027 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "-0.6% (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2017": {
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"text": "6.1% of GDP (2017 est.)"
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
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"text": "-2.5% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2015": {
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"text": "-6.7% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
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"text": "15.9% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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@ -750,20 +739,6 @@
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"text": "-25.3% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
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"Overall score": {
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"text": "46.8 (2020)"
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},
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"Starting a Business score": {
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"text": "92.9 (2020)"
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},
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"Trading score": {
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"text": "47.3 (2020)"
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},
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"Enforcement score": {
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"text": "43 (2020)"
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}
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},
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"Agricultural products": {
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"text": "cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, plantains, beans, vegetables, potatoes, cashew nuts, maize, taro"
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},
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@ -814,9 +789,6 @@
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"text": "729.6 million (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "15.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "-5.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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@ -828,6 +800,9 @@
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"text": "48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "15.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "calendar year"
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},
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@ -629,6 +629,18 @@
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"Economic overview": {
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"text": "<p>Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho depends on a narrow economic base of textile manufacturing, agriculture, remittances, and regional customs revenue. About three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in animal herding and subsistence agriculture, although Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability.</p><p></p><p>Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity; Lesotho imports 85% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa in mines, on farms, and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Lesotho is a member of the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU), and revenues from SACU accounted for roughly 26% of total GDP in 2016; however, SACU revenues are volatile and expected to decline over the next 5 years. Lesotho also gains royalties from the South African Government for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers.</p><p></p><p>The government maintains a large presence in the economy - government consumption accounted for about 26% of GDP in 2017. The government remains Lesotho's largest employer; in 2016, the government wage bill rose to 23% of GDP – the largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and accounted for nearly 35% of total exports in 2015. Lesotho managed steady GDP growth at an average of 4.5% from 2010 to 2014, dropping to about 2.5% in 2015-16, but poverty remains widespread around 57% of the total population.</p>"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$5.747 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
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"text": "$5.794 billion (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
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"text": "$5.82 billion (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "-1.6% (2017 est.)"
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@ -640,6 +652,21 @@
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"text": "2.5% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$2,704 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
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"text": "$2,749 (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
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"text": "$2,783 (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$2.462 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "5.3% (2019 est.)"
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@ -656,44 +683,6 @@
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"text": "B (2019)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$5.747 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
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"text": "$5.794 billion (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
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"text": "$5.82 billion (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$2.462 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$2,704 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
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"text": "$2,749 (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
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"text": "$2,783 (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"Gross national saving 2019": {
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"text": "25.8% of GDP (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2018": {
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"text": "24.9% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2017": {
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"text": "21.3% of GDP (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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"agriculture": {
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"text": "5.8% (2016 est.)"
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@ -725,20 +714,6 @@
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"text": "-54.4% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
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"Overall score": {
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"text": "59.4 (2020)"
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},
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"Starting a Business score": {
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"text": "88.2 (2020)"
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},
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"Trading score": {
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"text": "91.9 (2020)"
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},
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"Enforcement score": {
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"text": "57.2 (2020)"
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}
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},
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"Agricultural products": {
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"text": "milk, potatoes, maize, vegetables, fruit, beef, game meat, mutton, beans, wool"
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},
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@ -793,9 +768,6 @@
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"text": "1.255 billion (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "39.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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@ -807,6 +779,9 @@
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"text": "36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "39.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "1 April - 31 March"
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},
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@ -654,28 +654,6 @@
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"Economic overview": {
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"text": "<p>Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The country’s economic performance has historically been constrained by policy inconsistency, macroeconomic instability, poor infrastructure, rampant corruption, high population growth, and poor health and education outcomes that limit labor productivity. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for about one-third of GDP and 80% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports, although Malawi is looking to diversify away from tobacco to other cash crops.</p><p></p><p>The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. Donors halted direct budget support from 2013 to 2016 because of concerns about corruption and fiscal carelessness, but the World Bank resumed budget support in May 2017. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program but recent increases in domestic borrowing mean that debt servicing in 2016 exceeded the levels prior to HIPC debt relief.</p><p></p><p>Heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture, with corn being the staple crop, Malawi’s economy was hit hard by the El Nino-driven drought in 2015 and 2016, and now faces threat from the fall armyworm. The drought also slowed economic activity, led to two consecutive years of declining economic growth, and contributed to high inflation rates. Depressed food prices over 2017 led to a significant drop in inflation (from an average of 21.7% in 2016 to 12.3% in 2017), with a similar drop in interest rates.</p>"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "4% (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
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"text": "2.3% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
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"text": "3% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "9.3% (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
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"text": "12.4% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
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"text": "11.7% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$19.741 billion (2019 est.)"
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@ -688,8 +666,16 @@
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$7.766 billion (2019 est.)"
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "4% (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
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"text": "2.3% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
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"text": "3% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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@ -703,15 +689,18 @@
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"Gross national saving 2019": {
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"text": "11% of GDP (2019 est.)"
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$7.766 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "9.3% (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2018": {
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"text": "9.1% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
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"text": "12.4% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2017": {
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"text": "8.2% of GDP (2017 est.)"
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
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"text": "11.7% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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"text": "-43.8% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
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"Overall score": {
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"text": "60.9 (2020)"
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},
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"Starting a Business score": {
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"text": "77.9 (2020)"
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},
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"Trading score": {
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"text": "65.3 (2020)"
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},
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"Enforcement score": {
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"text": "47.4 (2020)"
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}
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},
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"Agricultural products": {
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"text": "sweet potatoes, cassava, sugar cane, maize, mangoes/guavas, potatoes, tomatoes, pigeon peas, bananas, plantains"
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},
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"text": "1.567 billion (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "21.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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@ -828,6 +800,9 @@
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"text": "60.3% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "21.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "1 July - 30 June"
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},
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"Economic overview": {
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"text": "<p>Rwanda is a rural, agrarian country with agriculture accounting for about 63% of export earnings, and with some mineral and agro-processing. Population density is high but, with the exception of the capital Kigali, is not concentrated in large cities – its 12 million people are spread out on a small amount of land (smaller than the state of Maryland). Tourism, minerals, coffee, and tea are Rwanda's main sources of foreign exchange. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap private sector growth.</p><p></p><p>The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy well beyond pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded with an average annual growth of 6%-8% since 2003 and inflation has been reduced to single digits. In 2015, 39% of the population lived below the poverty line, according to government statistics, compared to 57% in 2006.</p><p></p><p>The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment. Rwanda consistently ranks well for ease of doing business and transparency.</p><p></p><p>The Rwandan Government is seeking to become a regional leader in information and communication technologies and aims to reach middle-income status by 2020 by leveraging the service industry. In 2012, Rwanda completed the first modern Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kigali. The SEZ seeks to attract investment in all sectors, but specifically in agribusiness, information and communications, trade and logistics, mining, and construction. In 2016, the government launched an online system to give investors information about public land and its suitability for agricultural development.</p>"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$28.118 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
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"text": "$25.695 billion (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
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"text": "$23.665 billion (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "6.1% (2017 est.)"
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@ -656,6 +668,21 @@
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"text": "8.9% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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||||
"text": "$2,227 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$2,089 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,975 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$9.136 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "3.3% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -678,44 +705,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "B+ (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$28.118 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$25.695 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$23.665 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$9.136 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$2,227 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$2,089 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,975 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "12.5% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "7.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "30.9% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -747,20 +736,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-32.8% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "76.5 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "93.2 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "75 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "69.1 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "bananas, sweet potatoes, cassava, potatoes, plantains, beans, maize, gourds, milk, taro"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -816,9 +791,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "2.337 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "21.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-4.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -830,6 +802,9 @@
|
|||
"text": "37.3% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "21.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -649,28 +649,6 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Sierra Leone is extremely poor and nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. The country possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but it is still recovering from a civil war that destroyed most institutions before ending in the early 2000s.</p><p></p><p>In recent years, economic growth has been driven by mining - particularly iron ore. The country’s principal exports are iron ore, diamonds, and rutile, and the economy is vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices. Until 2014, the government had relied on external assistance to support its budget, but it was gradually becoming more independent. The Ebola outbreak of 2014 and 2015, combined with falling global commodities prices, caused a significant contraction of economic activity in all areas. While the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone in November 2015, low commodity prices in 2015-2016 contributed to the country’s biggest fiscal shortfall since 2001. In 2017, increased iron ore exports, together with the end of the Ebola epidemic, supported a resumption of economic growth.</p><p></p><p>Continued economic growth will depend on rising commodities prices and increased efforts to diversify the sources of growth. Non-mining activities will remain constrained by inadequate infrastructure, such as power and roads, even though power sector projects may provide some additional electricity capacity in the near term. Pervasive corruption and undeveloped human capital will continue to deter foreign investors. Sustained international donor support in the near future will partially offset these fiscal constraints.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "3.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "6.3% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "-20.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "14.8% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "16% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "18.2% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$13.425 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -683,8 +661,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.132 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "3.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "6.3% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "-20.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -698,15 +684,18 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "-7.3% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.132 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "14.8% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "4.3% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "16% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "-5.9% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "18.2% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -740,20 +729,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-55.3% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "47.5 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "91.3 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "51.9 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "55.9 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "cassava, rice, vegetables, oil palm fruit, sweet potatoes, milk, citrus fruit, groundnuts, fruit, pulses nes"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -812,9 +787,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "846.4 million (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "15.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -826,6 +798,9 @@
|
|||
"text": "54.9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "15.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -655,6 +655,18 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Since 2010, Costa Rica has enjoyed strong and stable economic growth - 3.8% in 2017. Exports of bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef are the backbone of its commodity exports. Various industrial and processed agricultural products have broadened exports in recent years, as have high value-added goods, including medical devices. Costa Rica's impressive biodiversity also makes it a key destination for ecotourism.</p><p></p><p>Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and relatively high education levels, as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones; Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America. The US-Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), which became effective for Costa Rica in 2009, helped increase foreign direct investment in key sectors of the economy, including insurance and telecommunication. However, poor infrastructure, high energy costs, a complex bureaucracy, weak investor protection, and uncertainty of contract enforcement impede greater investment.</p><p></p><p>Costa Rica’s economy also faces challenges due to a rising fiscal deficit, rising public debt, and relatively low levels of domestic revenue. Poverty has remained around 20-25% for nearly 20 years, and the government’s strong social safety net has eroded due to increased constraints on its expenditures. Costa Rica’s credit rating was downgraded from stable to negative in 2015 and again in 2017, upping pressure on lending rates - which could hurt small business, on the budget deficit - which could hurt infrastructure development, and on the rate of return on investment - which could soften foreign direct investment (FDI). Unlike the rest of Central America, Costa Rica is not highly dependent on remittances - which represented just 1 % of GDP in 2016, but instead relies on FDI - which accounted for 5.1% of GDP.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$99.146 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$97.122 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$94.605 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "3.3% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +678,21 @@
|
|||
"text": "3.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$19,642 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$19,427 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$19,112 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$61.855 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -688,44 +715,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "B (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$99.146 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$97.122 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$94.605 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$61.855 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$19,642 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$19,427 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$19,112 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "14.2% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "15.2% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "14.9% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "5.5% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -757,20 +746,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-32.9% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "69.2 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "79.9 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "77.6 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "55.2 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "sugar cane, pineapples, bananas, milk, oil palm fruit, fruit, oranges, watermelons, cassava, rice"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -830,9 +805,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "11.92 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "14.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-6.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -844,6 +816,9 @@
|
|||
"text": "44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "14.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -631,6 +631,18 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Kazakhstan's vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy. Geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, Kazakhstan, g possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries and has made initial attempts to diversify its economy by targeting sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing for greater development and investment. It also adopted a Subsoil Code in December 2017 with the aim of increasing exploration and investment in the hydrocarbon, and particularly mining, sectors.</p><p></p><p>Kazakhstan's oil production and potential is expanding rapidly. A $36.8 billion expansion of Kazakhstan’s premiere Tengiz oil field by Chevron-led Tengizchevroil should be complete in 2022. Meanwhile, the super-giant Kashagan field finally launched production in October 2016 after years of delay and an estimated $55 billion in development costs. Kazakhstan’s total oil production in 2017 climbed 10.5%.</p><p></p><p>Kazakhstan is landlocked and depends on Russia to export its oil to Europe. It also exports oil directly to China. In 2010, Kazakhstan joined Russia and Belarus to establish a Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade. The Customs Union evolved into a Single Economic Space in 2012 and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in January 2015. Supported by rising commodity prices, Kazakhstan’s exports to EAEU countries increased 30.2% in 2017. Imports from EAEU countries grew by 24.1%.</p><p></p><p>The economic downturn of its EAEU partner, Russia, and the decline in global commodity prices from 2014 to 2016 contributed to an economic slowdown in Kazakhstan. In 2014, Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, and announced a stimulus package to cope with its economic challenges. In the face of further decline in the ruble, oil prices, and the regional economy, Kazakhstan announced in 2015 it would replace its currency band with a floating exchange rate, leading to a sharp fall in the value of the tenge. Since reaching a low of 391 to the dollar in January 2016, the tenge has modestly appreciated, helped by somewhat higher oil prices. While growth slowed to about 1% in both 2015 and 2016, a moderate recovery in oil prices, relatively stable inflation and foreign exchange rates, and the start of production at Kashagan helped push 2017 GDP growth to 4%.</p><p></p><p>Despite some positive institutional and legislative changes in the last several years, investors remain concerned about corruption, bureaucracy, and arbitrary law enforcement, especially at the regional and municipal levels. An additional concern is the condition of the country’s banking sector, which suffers from poor asset quality and a lack of transparency. Investors also question the potentially negative effects on the economy of a contested presidential succession as Kazakhstan’s first president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, turned 77 in 2017.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$487.868 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$466.859 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$448.472 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "6.13% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -642,6 +654,21 @@
|
|||
"text": "4.38% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$26,351 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$25,544 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$24,863 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$181.194 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "5.2% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -664,44 +691,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "BBB- (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$487.868 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$466.859 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$448.472 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$181.194 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$26,351 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$25,544 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$24,863 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "26.6% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "27.8% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "25.9% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "4.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -733,20 +722,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-27.1% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "79.6 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "94.4 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "70.4 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "81.3 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "wheat, milk, potatoes, barley, watermelons, melons, linseed, onions, maize, sunflower seed"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -805,9 +780,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "38.3 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "22.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -819,6 +791,9 @@
|
|||
"text": "19.7% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "22.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -654,25 +654,6 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Prior to 2001, Afghanistan was an extremely poor, landlocked, and foreign aid-dependent country. Increased domestic economic activity occurred following the US-led invasion, as well as significant international economic development assistance. This increased activity expanded access to water, electricity, sanitation, education, and health services, and fostered consistent growth in government revenues since 2014. While international security forces have been drawing down since 2012, with much higher U.S. forces’ drawdowns occurring since 2017, economic progress continues, albeit uneven across sectors and key economic indicators. After recovering from the 2018 drought and growing 3.9% in 2019, political instability, expiring international financial commitments, and the COVID-19 pandemic have wrought significant adversity on the Afghan economy, with a projected 5% contraction.</p> <p>Current political parties’ power-sharing agreement following the September 2019 presidential elections as well as ongoing Taliban attacks and peace talks have led to Afghan economic instability. This instability, coupled with expiring international grant and assistance, endangers recent fiscal gains and has led to more internally displaced persons. In November 2020, Afghanistan secured $12 billion in additional international aid for 2021-2025, much of which is conditional upon Taliban peace progress. Additionally, Afghanistan continues to experience influxes of repatriating Afghanis, mostly from Iran, significantly straining economic and security institutions.</p> <p>Afghanistan’s trade deficit remains at approximately 31% of GDP and is highly dependent on financing through grants and aid. While Afghan agricultural growth remains consistent, recent industrial and services growth have been enormously impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns and trade cessations. While trade with the People’s Republic of China has rapidly expanded in recent years, Afghanistan still relies heavily upon India and Pakistan as export partners but is more diverse in its import partners. Furthermore, Afghanistan still struggles to effectively enforce business contracts, facilitate easy tax collection, and enable greater international trade for domestic enterprises.<br><br>Current Afghan priorities focus on the following goals:</p> <ul> <li>Securing international economic agreements, many of which are contingent on Taliban peace progress;</li> <li>Increasing exports to $2 billion USD by 2023;</li> <li>Continuing to expand government revenue collection;</li> <li>Countering corruption and navigating challenges from the power-sharing agreement; and</li> <li>Developing a strong private sector that can empower the economy.</li> </ul>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "2.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "2.2% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "5% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "4.4% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$78.557 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -685,8 +666,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$20.24 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "2.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "2.2% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -700,15 +689,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$20.24 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "5% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "25.8% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "21.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "4.4% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -743,20 +732,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-47.6% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "44.1 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "92 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "30.6 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "31.8 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "wheat, milk, grapes, vegetables, potatoes, watermelons, melons, rice, onions, apples"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -812,9 +787,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "5.328 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "11.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-15.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -826,6 +798,9 @@
|
|||
"text": "7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "11.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "21 December - 20 December"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue