the ANP has played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019 when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office
in 2021, Algeria had the largest defense budget (approximately $9 billion) and one of the best-equipped militaries in Africa
the ANP traditionally has focused on internal stability and on Morocco where relations as of 2021 remained tense over Western Sahara and Algerian accusations that Morocco supports the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK), a separatist group in Algeria’s Kabylie region; however, following the Arab Spring events of 2011 and a series of cross-border terrorist attacks emanating from Mali in 2012-2013, particularly the 2013 attack on a commercial gas plant by al-Qa’ida-linked terrorists that resulted in the deaths of 35 hostages and 29 jihadists, it has made a concerted effort to beef up security along its other borders and promote regional security cooperation; since 2013, additional Army and paramilitary forces were deployed to the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; in addition, Algeria has provided security assistance to some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, and conducted joint military/counter-terrorism operations
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 427705ef..d091100f 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2020, there were 98 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a 24% decrease from the total number of incidents in 2019, it included all three hijackings and 9 of 11 ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2020, a record 130 crew members were kidnapped in 22 separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 95% of kidnappings worldwide; approximately 51% of all incidents of piracy and armed robbery are taking place off Nigeria, which is a decrease from the 71% in 2019 and an indication pirates are traveling further to target vessels; Nigerian pirates are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-002 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 9 January 2021, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea.”
" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Benin participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; the Benin military contingent is in charge of MNJTF garrison duties (2020)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-35 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Benin participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; the Benin military contingent is in charge of MNJTF garrison duties (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 29a9ee25..2645bfc5 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -477,6 +480,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,872,016 tons (2002 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1027,18 +1033,18 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -1097,11 +1103,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "750 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 5,400 Somalia (AMISOM) (Feb 2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "in addition to its foreign deployments, the FDN is focused on internal security missions, particularly against rebel groups opposed to the regime such as National Forces of Liberation (FNL), the Resistance for the Rule of Law-Tabara (aka RED Tabara), and Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB or FOREBU); the groups are based in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo and have carried out sporadic attacks in Burundi (2020)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "in addition to its foreign deployments, the FDN is focused on internal security missions, particularly against rebel groups opposed to the regime such as National Forces of Liberation (FNL), the Resistance for the Rule of Law-Tabara (aka RED Tabara), and Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB or FOREBU); the groups are based in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo and have carried out sporadic attacks in Burundi (2020)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 22c2de58..d881d8b5 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries
note 2: not long ago - geologically speaking - what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the \"Green Sahara\" exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site
note 3: Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 sq km (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea
" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)several Chadian rebel groups, including the Union of Resistance Forces (UFR) and the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), operate in northern Chad from bases in Libya; former Chadian President Idriss DEBY was killed in April 2021 during fighting in the northern part of the country between FACT and the Chadian Army
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1126,7 +1138,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "373,080 (Sudan), 121,036 (Central African Republic), 16,895 (Nigeria), 7,956 (Cameroon) (2021)" + "text": "373,080 (Sudan), 121,036 (Central African Republic), 18,600 (Nigeria), 7,956 (Cameroon) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "401,511 (majority are in the east) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 57f667a0..00312542 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -101,6 +101,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Congo Basin" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -338,7 +344,7 @@ "text": "12.3% (2014/15)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -476,6 +482,12 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "26.2% (2005 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Congo Basin" } }, "Government": { @@ -1040,13 +1052,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "8 (2017)" + "text": "8" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "5 (2017)" @@ -1054,13 +1066,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "19 (2013)" + "text": "19" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -1150,7 +1162,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "20,867 (Central African Republic), 28,579 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)" + "text": "22,098 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,867 (Central African Republic) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "304,430 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 8731d0b7..d104747e 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: second largest country in Africa (after Algeria) and largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa; straddles the equator; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands; the narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River is the DRC's only outlet to the South Atlantic Ocean
note 2: because of its speed, cataracts, rapids, and turbulence the Congo River, most of which flows through the DRC, has never been accurately measured along much of its length; nonetheless, it is conceded to be the deepest river in the world; estimates of its greatest depth vary between 220 and 250 meters
" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups (at least 70 and by some recent estimates more than 100), however, continue to fight; as of late 2020, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups
the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups (at least 70 and by some recent estimates more than 100), however, continue to fight; as of late 2020, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups
One of the world's poorest and smallest economies, the Comoros is made up of three islands that are hampered by inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, accounts for about 50% of GDP, employs a majority of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. Export income is heavily reliant on the three main crops of vanilla, cloves, and ylang ylang (perfume essence); and the Comoros' export earnings are easily disrupted by disasters such as fires and extreme weather. Despite agriculture’s importance to the economy, the country imports roughly 70% of its food; rice, the main staple, and other dried vegetables account for more than 25% of imports. Remittances from about 300,000 Comorans contribute about 25% of the country’s GDP. France, Comoros’s colonial power, remains a key trading partner and bilateral donor.
Comoros faces an education system in need of upgrades, limited opportunities for private commercial and industrial enterprises, poor health services, limited exports, and a high population growth rate. Recurring political instability, sometimes initiated from outside the country, and an ongoing electricity crisis have inhibited growth. The government, elected in mid-2016, has moved to improve revenue mobilization, reduce expenditures, and improve electricity access, although the public sector wage bill remains one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. In mid-2017, Comoros joined the Southern African Development Community with 15 other regional member states.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$2.603 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -630,8 +611,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.186 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -645,15 +634,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "12.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.186 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "11.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "18% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -687,20 +676,6 @@ "text": "-47.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "47.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "76.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "66.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "33 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, cassava, rice, bananas, pulses nes, milk, taro, sweet potatoes, maize, cloves" }, @@ -753,9 +728,6 @@ "text": "207.3 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -767,6 +739,9 @@ "text": "27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "25.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -993,10 +968,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "3 (2017)" @@ -1038,11 +1013,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the defense forces are lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of countries, including France, Italy, Russia, and the US" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the AND is limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the AND is limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index ebd81189..58ec76f4 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of 2020, Egypt reportedly had over 40,000 military troops, police, and other security personnel deployed to the Sinai for internal security duties
the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, and shipping lines, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing
since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of 2020, Egypt reportedly had over 40,000 military troops, police, and other security personnel deployed to the Sinai for internal security duties; in addition, tribal militias were assisting Egyptian security forces
the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, and shipping lines, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing
Egypt has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
in 2020-2021, the Eritrean military assisted the Ethiopian Government in its war with the Tigray regional government, providing ground forces and combat aircraft; information is limited and varied, but the Eritrean military in 2021 reportedly consisted of about 20 Army divisions (approximately 15 light infantry, 4 mechanized, and 1 commando/special operations) while the Air Force had 2 fighter/ground attack squadrons
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 1d5c42b9..63ee7cc6 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia" + "text": "estimated as many as 10,000 Somalia (4,500 for AMISOM); 3,300 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,500 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2021)", + "note": "note - in August 2021, Sudan asked the UN to remove the Ethiopian troops from the UNISFA mission" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "each of the nine states has a regional and/or a \"special\" paramilitary security forces that report to regional civilian authorities; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP), and the Ethiopian military; the EFP reports to the Ministry of Peace, which was created in October of 2018
in November 2021, long-simmering tensions between the Ethiopian Government and the state of Tigray’s ruling party (Tigray People’s Liberation Front, TPLF) led to armed clashes between ENDF and Tigrayan paramilitary forces; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; fighting continued through 2021 with heavy civilian and military casualties and widespread human rights abuses reported
the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it reportedly had up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict
as of 2021, the Ethiopian military consisted of approximately 22 Army divisions (approximately 14 light infantry, 6 mechanized, and 1 commando/special operations), while the Air Force had 2 fighter/ground attack and 2 mixed attack/transport helicopter squadrons
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1180,7 +1193,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "377,792 (South Sudan), 214,047 (Somalia), 146,771 (Eritrea), 45,924 (Sudan) (2021)" + "text": "378,423 (South Sudan), 215,300 (Somalia), 146,771 (Eritrea), 45,924 (Sudan) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,990,168 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 0ba39e33..306fbb34 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ "text": "11.6% (2019/20)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1036,10 +1036,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 1bb18608..40c305ce 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -101,6 +101,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Congo Basin" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -310,7 +316,7 @@ "text": "46,000 (2020 est.)" }, "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { - "text": "1,100 <1000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "<1000 (2020 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { "degree of risk": { @@ -336,7 +342,7 @@ "text": "6.4% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -452,6 +458,12 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "238,102 tons (1995 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Congo Basin" } }, "Government": { @@ -1023,7 +1035,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "14 (2019)" + "text": "14" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -1038,15 +1050,15 @@ "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "30 (2013)" + "text": "30" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "9 (2013)" @@ -1130,11 +1142,11 @@ "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2020, there were 98 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a 24% decrease from the total number of incidents in 2019, it included all three hijackings and 9 of 11 ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2020, a record 130 crew members were kidnapped in 22 separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 95% of kidnappings worldwide; approximately 51% of all incidents of piracy and armed robbery are taking place off Nigeria, which is a decrease from the 71% in 2019 and an indication pirates are traveling further to target vessels; Nigerian pirates are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-002 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 9 January 2021, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea.”" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "members of the Gabonese Defense Forces attempted a failed coup in January 2019" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "members of the Gabonese Defense Forces attempted a failed coup in January 2019" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 39ed5da0..d9fb8e73 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -662,6 +662,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "
Ghana has a market-based economy with relatively few policy barriers to trade and investment in comparison with other countries in the region, and Ghana is endowed with natural resources. Ghana's economy was strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels, but in recent years has suffered the consequences of loose fiscal policy, high budget and current account deficits, and a depreciating currency.
Agriculture accounts for about 20% of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. Gold, oil, and cocoa exports, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. Expansion of Ghana’s nascent oil industry has boosted economic growth, but the fall in oil prices since 2015 reduced by half Ghana’s oil revenue. Production at Jubilee, Ghana's first commercial offshore oilfield, began in mid-December 2010. Production from two more fields, TEN and Sankofa, started in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The country’s first gas processing plant at Atuabo is also producing natural gas from the Jubilee field, providing power to several of Ghana’s thermal power plants.
As of 2018, key economic concerns facing the government include the lack of affordable electricity, lack of a solid domestic revenue base, and the high debt burden. The AKUFO-ADDO administration has made some progress by committing to fiscal consolidation, but much work is still to be done. Ghana signed a $920 million extended credit facility with the IMF in April 2015 to help it address its growing economic crisis. The IMF fiscal targets require Ghana to reduce the deficit by cutting subsidies, decreasing the bloated public sector wage bill, strengthening revenue administration, boosting tax revenues, and improving the health of Ghana’s banking sector. Priorities for the new administration include rescheduling some of Ghana’s $31 billion debt, stimulating economic growth, reducing inflation, and stabilizing the currency. Prospects for new oil and gas production and follow through on tighter fiscal management are likely to help Ghana’s economy in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$164.64 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$154.623 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$145.509 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "8.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -673,6 +685,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$5,413 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$5,194 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$4,997 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$65.363 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "8.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -695,44 +722,6 @@ "text": "B- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$164.64 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$154.623 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$145.509 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$65.363 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,413 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,194 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$4,997 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "20.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "9% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "18.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -764,20 +753,6 @@ "text": "-46.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "54.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "54 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, yams, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, rice, cocoa, oranges, pineapples" }, @@ -834,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "12.36 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -848,6 +820,9 @@ "text": "73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1077,16 +1052,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "2 (2017)" @@ -1094,7 +1069,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 913c44d7..c07a8a18 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.
In 1958, Guinea became independent from France, and Sekou TOURE established an authoritarian regime. TOURE ruled until his death in 1984. After TOURE’s death, General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. CONTE organized and won presidential elections in 1993, 1998, and 2003. Upon CONTE's death in December 2008, Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a constitutional referendum that extended presidential terms and reset CONDE’s term count, and later that year, Alpha CONDE won a controversial third presidential term. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup by a National Committee of Rally and Development that arrested President CONDE, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government.
" + "text": "Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.
In 1958, Guinea became independent from France, and Sekou TOURE established an authoritarian regime. TOURE ruled until his death in 1984. After TOURE’s death, General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. CONTE organized and won presidential elections in 1993, 1998, and 2003. Upon CONTE's death in December 2008, Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a constitutional referendum that extended presidential terms and reset CONDE’s term count, and later that year, Alpha CONDE won a controversial third presidential term. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup by a National Committee of Rally and Development that arrested President CONDE, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government. DOUMBOUYA is declared President on 17 September 2021. A charter of transition, issued in late September, made DOUMBOUYA transitional president for an undefined period, and on 1 October 2021, he was formally sworn in.
Kenyan military forces intervened in Somalia in October 2011 to combat the al Qaida-affiliated al-Shabaab terrorist group, which had conducted numerous cross-border attacks into Kenya; in November 2011, the UN and the African Union invited Kenya to incorporate the force into the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM in February 2012; as of mid-2021, they consisted of approximately 3,600 troops and were responsible for AMISOM’s Sector 2 comprising Lower and Middle Jubba (see Appendix-T for additional details on al-Shabaab)
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1209,7 +1221,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "272,246 (Somalia), 134,370 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 30,081 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,579 (Ethiopia), 7,108 (Burundi) (2021)" + "text": "274,499 (Somalia), 135,771 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 30,081 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,579 (Ethiopia), 7,108 (Burundi) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2020)" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 33c6b264..3c15a26e 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ "text": "10.9% (2019/20)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1019,24 +1019,24 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "27 (2013)" + "text": "27" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "14 (2013)" @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "8,067 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2021)" + "text": "8,309 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2021)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index c19b0c0d..f456813d 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ "text": "10.5% (2018)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "7.4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2019)" + "text": "3" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -1015,15 +1015,15 @@ "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "21 (2013)" + "text": "21" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "16 (2013)" @@ -1068,11 +1068,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the LDF has a small inventory of older equipment from a variety of countries; the only reported delivery to the LDF since 2007 was two second-hand helicopters from France in 2017 and 2019 (2019 est.)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women can serve as commissioned officers (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index d9120d94..bf032eec 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesertMadagascar is a mostly unregulated economy with many untapped natural resources, but no capital markets, a weak judicial system, poorly enforced contracts, and rampant government corruption. The country faces challenges to improve education, healthcare, and the environment to boost long-term economic growth. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing roughly 80% of the population. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by bushfires, slash-and-burn clearing techniques, and the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns to the agriculture dependent economy.
After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization until a 2009 coup d’état led many nations, including the United States, to suspend non-humanitarian aid until a democratically-elected president was inaugurated in 2014. The pre-coup strategy had placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low starting point. Exports of apparel boomed after gaining duty-free access to the US market in 2000 under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA); however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the AGOA led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010, a sharp fall in textile production, a loss of more than 100,000 jobs, and a GDP drop of nearly 11%.
Madagascar regained AGOA access in January 2015 and ensuing growth has been slow and fragile. Madagascar produces around 80% of the world’s vanilla and its reliance on this commodity for most of its foreign exchange is a significant source of vulnerability. Economic reforms have been modest and the country’s financial sector remains weak, limiting the use of monetary policy to control inflation. An ongoing IMF program aims to strengthen financial and investment management capacity.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "8.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8.5% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$44.419 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -698,8 +676,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.964 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -713,15 +699,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$13.964 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "5.6% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "15.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "8.6% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "11.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "8.5% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -755,20 +744,6 @@ "text": "-33.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "47.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "61 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, sugar cane, cassava, sweet potatoes, milk, vegetables, bananas, mangoes/guavas, tropical fruit, potatoes" }, @@ -816,9 +791,6 @@ "text": "2.136 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -830,6 +802,9 @@ "text": "38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1068,19 +1043,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "26 (2017)" + "text": "26" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "16 (2017)" + "text": "16" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1088,13 +1063,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "57 (2013)" + "text": "57" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "38 (2013)" + "text": "38" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "18 (2013)" diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 6e28f49e..583207f5 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature; it contains more fish species than any other lake on earth" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)note: data does not include former Western Sahara
" @@ -603,10 +603,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front (aka Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro or Frente Polisario); MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2021 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)-led confidence building measures with personnel and air and ground assets; as of July 2021, MINURSO had about 200 military personnel assigned
Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2020, there were 98 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a 24% decrease from the total number of incidents in 2019, it included all three hijackings and 9 of 11 ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2020, a record 130 crew members were kidnapped in 22 separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 95% of kidnappings worldwide; approximately 51% of all incidents of piracy and armed robbery are taking place off Nigeria, which is a decrease from the 71% in 2019 and an indication pirates are traveling further to target vessels; Nigerian pirates are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-002 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 9 January 2021, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea.”
" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the Nigerian Armed Forces are used primarily for internal security operations; in the northeast, the military is conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009 (as of Dec 2020); in the northwest, it faces threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and militants associated with ongoing farmer-herder violence, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; the military also focuses on the Niger Delta region to protect the oil industry against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; in May 2021, a contingent of military troops and police were deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "as of 2021, the Nigerian military was sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; it was focused largely on internal security and faced a number of challenges; in the northeast, the military was conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009 (as of Dec 2020); in the northwest, it faced threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and militants associated with ongoing farmer-herder violence, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; the military also protected the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; in May 2021, a contingent of military troops and police were deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index fd9323f0..7fc61c88 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; The Sudd is a vast swamp in the north central region of South Sudan, formed by the White Nile, its size is variable but can reach some 15% of the country's total area during the rainy season; it is one of the world's largest wetlands" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -444,6 +447,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,680,681 tons (2013 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -911,7 +917,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2020)" + "text": "4" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -920,12 +926,12 @@ "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2020)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "84 (2020)" + "text": "84" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -937,7 +943,7 @@ "text": "38" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "33" + "text": "33 (2020)" } }, "Heliports": { @@ -993,11 +999,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; from 2010 to 2015, Russia and the United Arab Emirates were the leading suppliers of arms and equipment; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDFRwanda’s fertility rate declined sharply during the last decade, as a result of the government’s commitment to family planning, the increased use of contraceptives, and a downward trend in ideal family size. Increases in educational attainment, particularly among girls, and exposure to social media also contributed to the reduction in the birth rate. The average number of births per woman decreased from a 5.6 in 2005 to 4.5 in 2016. Despite these significant strides in reducing fertility, Rwanda’s birth rate remains very high and will continue to for an extended period of time because of its large population entering reproductive age. Because Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, its persistent high population growth and increasingly small agricultural landholdings will put additional strain on families’ ability to raise foodstuffs and access potable water. These conditions will also hinder the government’s efforts to reduce poverty and prevent environmental degradation.
The UNHCR recommended that effective 30 June 2013 countries invoke a cessation of refugee status for those Rwandans who fled their homeland between 1959 and 1998, including the 1994 genocide, on the grounds that the conditions that drove them to seek protection abroad no longer exist. The UNHCR’s decision is controversial because many Rwandan refugees still fear persecution if they return home, concerns that are supported by the number of Rwandans granted asylum since 1998 and by the number exempted from the cessation. Rwandan refugees can still seek an exemption or local integration, but host countries are anxious to send the refugees back to Rwanda and are likely to avoid options that enable them to stay. Conversely, Rwanda itself hosts almost 160,000 refugees as of 2017; virtually all of them fleeing conflict in neighboring Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
" @@ -327,7 +330,7 @@ "text": "7.7% (2019/20)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -462,6 +465,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4,384,969 tons (2016 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1034,7 +1040,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2019)" + "text": "4" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -1043,15 +1049,15 @@ "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1110,6 +1116,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the RDF is widely regarded as one of Africa’s best trained and most capable and professional military forces; as of August 2021, over 6,000 RDF personnel were deployed on missions in four African countries, including the Central African Republic, Mozambique, South Sudan, and Sudan
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1118,7 +1127,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "74,836 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 47,653 (Burundi) (2021)" + "text": "74,836 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 47,669 (Burundi) (2021)" } } } diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 1c9d4f7a..6f166e3b 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ "text": "3.6% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2019)" + "text": "7" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -961,15 +961,15 @@ "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2013)" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 29ab913a..1cdcf483 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -105,6 +105,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Eswatini" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Orange (941,351 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Karoo Basin, Lower Kalahari-Stampriet Basin" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -328,7 +334,7 @@ "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 2,302,304 cases of COVID-19 or 3,881.9 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 113.1 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 7.38% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 October 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 2,907,619 cases of COVID-19 or 4,902.52 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 148.24 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 21.76% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "28.3% (2016)" @@ -337,7 +343,7 @@ "text": "5.5% (2017)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.5% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "6.8% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -459,7 +465,7 @@ "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 2,302,304 cases of COVID-19 or 3,881.9 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 113.1 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 7.38% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 October 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 2,907,619 cases of COVID-19 or 4,902.52 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 148.24 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 21.76% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -471,6 +477,12 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "28% (2011 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Orange (941,351 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Karoo Basin, Lower Kalahari-Stampriet Basin" } }, "Government": { @@ -1058,7 +1070,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "130 (2020)" + "text": "130" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "11" @@ -1073,12 +1085,12 @@ "text": "60" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "7" + "text": "7 (2020)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "277 (2020)" + "text": "277" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -1090,7 +1102,7 @@ "text": "178" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "79" + "text": "79 (2020)" } }, "Pipelines": { diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 6ac10c7c..97030fef 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ "text": "14.4% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1056,13 +1056,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "9 (2017)" + "text": "9" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1070,13 +1070,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "11 (2013)" + "text": "11" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 05bb41fb..477473da 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -139,6 +139,20 @@ "text": "17.54% (male 710/female 678) (2021 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "43.2 years" @@ -682,13 +696,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1 Ascension Island - Wideawake Field (ASI)" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 Saint Helena (HLE);" + "text": "1 Saint Helena (HLE); (2019)" }, "note": "note - weekly commercial air service to South Africa via Namibia commenced on 14 October 2017" }, diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 699d55d1..c300af1d 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ "text": "13.5% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "9.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1022,18 +1022,18 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" } }, "Heliports": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 5da7240a..a9882e65 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "8 (2020)" + "text": "8" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "5" @@ -955,12 +955,12 @@ "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2" + "text": "2 (2020)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "44 (2020)" + "text": "44" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "5" @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ "text": "22" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2020)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -1027,11 +1027,11 @@ "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received zero incidents of piracy and armed robbery in 2020 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa
" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "as of 2021, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that lacked the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; in 2020, the Danab Brigade conducted most of the SNA’s offensive operations in Somalia and nearly all counterterrorism operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group; as of early 2021, it numbered about 1,000 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops
AMISOM has operated in the country with the approval of the United Nations (UN) since 2007; AMISOM's peacekeeping mission includes assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; as of late 2020, AMISOM had about 20,000 military troops from six African countries deployed in Somalia; in February 2021, the UN Security Council AMISOM renewed AMISOM's mandate until December 2021 (note - in 2017, the Somali Government drafted a Somalia Transition Plan that called for the gradual transfer of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces by 2021)as of 2021, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that lacked the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; in 2020, the Danab Brigade conducted most of the SNA’s offensive operations in Somalia and nearly all counterterrorism operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group; as of early 2021, it numbered about 1,000 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops
AMISOM has operated in the country with the approval of the United Nations (UN) since 2007; AMISOM's peacekeeping mission includes assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; as of late 2020, AMISOM had about 20,000 military troops from six African countries deployed in Somalia; in February 2021, the UN Security Council AMISOM renewed AMISOM's mandate until December 2021 (note - in 2017, the Somali Government drafted a Somalia Transition Plan that called for the gradual transfer of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces by 2021)in October 2020, after almost a year of negotiations, Sudan’s transitional government and a broad alliance of armed rebel groups known as the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF) signed a peace agreement; the SRF rebels had operated in Darfur, South Kordofan, and the Blue Nile provinces; under the agreement, SRF fighters are to be slowly incorporated into joint units with government security forces over a period of 39 months; however, two rebel groups – the Darfur-based Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), which controls territory in the South Kordofan and Blue Nile provinces, are not part of the agreement; in March 2021, the Sudanese Government and the SPLM-N agreed to re-start peace talks
the Sudanese military and security forces reportedly control over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports
United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,800 personnel deployed as of July 2021in October 2020, after almost a year of negotiations, Sudan’s transitional government and a broad alliance of armed rebel groups known as the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF) signed a peace agreement; the SRF rebels had operated in Darfur, South Kordofan, and the Blue Nile provinces; under the agreement, SRF fighters are to be slowly incorporated into joint units with government security forces over a period of 39 months; however, two rebel groups – the Darfur-based Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), which controls territory in the South Kordofan and Blue Nile provinces, are not part of the agreement; in March 2021, the Sudanese Government and the SPLM-N agreed to re-start peace talks
the Sudanese military and security forces reportedly control over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports
United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,800 personnel deployed as of August 2021Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and four failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but in 2014, legislative elections returned him to the office. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as Prime Minister TROVOADA, was elected in September 2016, marking a rare instance in which the positions of president and prime minister are held by the same party. Prime Minister TROVOADA resigned at the end of 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in early September 2021 and will be inaugurated 29 September 2021. New oil discoveries in the Gulf of Guinea may attract increased attention to the small island nation.
" + "text": "Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and four failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but in 2014, legislative elections returned him to the office. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as Prime Minister TROVOADA, was elected in September 2016, marking a rare instance in which the positions of president and prime minister are held by the same party. Prime Minister TROVOADA resigned at the end of 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in early September 2021 and was inaugurated 2 October 2021. New oil discoveries in the Gulf of Guinea may attract increased attention to the small island nation.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ "text": "5.4% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "5.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Evaristo CARVALHO (since 3 September 2016)" + "text": "President Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (since 2 October 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Jorge BOM JESUS (since 3 December 2018)" @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 and runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president; note - President Evaristo CARVALHO, whose term expires on 3 September (ahead of the postponed presidential runoff on 5 September 2021), announced he will remain in office until the inauguration of the new president, scheduled for 29 September 2021." + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 and runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president " }, "election results": { "text": "The economy of São Tomé and Príncipe is small, based mainly on agricultural production, and, since independence in 1975, increasingly dependent on the export of cocoa beans. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome depends heavily on imports of food, fuels, most manufactured goods, and consumer goods, and changes in commodity prices affect the country’s inflation rate. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the nascent oil sector are major economic problems facing the country. In recent years the government has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. In 2017, several business-related laws were enacted that aim to improve the business climate.
São Tomé and Príncipe has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. In April 2011, the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. In 2016, Sao Tome and Portugal signed a five-year cooperation agreement worth approximately $64 million, some of which will be provided as loans. In 2017, China and São Tomé signed a mutual cooperation agreement in areas such as infrastructure, health, and agriculture worth approximately $146 million over five years.
Considerable potential exists for development of tourism, and the government has taken steps to expand tourist facilities in recent years. Potential also exists for the development of petroleum resources in São Tomé and Príncipe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, some of which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but production is at least several years off.
Volatile aid and investment inflows have limited growth, and poverty remains high. Restricteded capacity at the main port increases the periodic risk of shortages of consumer goods. Contract enforcement in the country’s judicial system is difficult. The IMF in late 2016 expressed concern about vulnerabilities in the country’s banking sector, although the country plans some austerity measures in line with IMF recommendations under their three year extended credit facility. Deforestation, coastal erosion, poor waste management, and misuse of natural resources also are challenging issues.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "7.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$853 million (2019 est.)" @@ -658,8 +639,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$0 (2018 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -673,15 +662,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$0 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "7.8% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "19.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -715,20 +704,6 @@ "text": "-40.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "45 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "78.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "66 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "28.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "plantains, oil palm fruit, coconuts, taro, bananas, fruit, cocoa, yams, cassava, maize" }, @@ -787,9 +762,6 @@ "text": "112.4 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -801,6 +773,9 @@ "text": "93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1027,13 +1002,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index a32198f3..1d6e5c34 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "North Western Sahara Aquifer System" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ "text": "1.6% (2018)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "7.3% of GDP (2016)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -446,6 +449,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "4% (2014 est.)" } + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "North Western Sahara Aquifer System" } }, "Government": { @@ -1016,16 +1022,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "15 (2013)" + "text": "15" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" @@ -1033,13 +1039,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "14 (2013)" + "text": "14" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "8 (2013)" @@ -1108,11 +1114,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Tunisian military's inventory includes mostly older or secondhand US and European equipment; since 2010, the Netherlands and US are the leading suppliers of arms to Tunisia (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the Tunisian military’s primary operational areas of focus are counter-terrorism, counterinsurgency, and border security; it conducts counter-terrorism and counterinsurgency operations against al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS)-linked militants who have been fighting a low-intensity insurgency against the government, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the Tunisian military routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the Tunisian military in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; the Tunisian Government has constructed a complex structure of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the 220-kilometer border with Libya; in the more populace northern border area, the Tunisian Army backs up Ministry of Interior security forces (Customs and the National Guard), while in the more remote southern sections of the frontier a military exclusion or buffer zone has been created, with the Tunisian Army having the lead in conducting patrols, interdiction, and making arrests" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "20-23 years of age for compulsory service, 1-year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index bac72bd6..ff7b8711 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only three mountain ranges on the continent that has glaciers (the others are Mount Kenya [in Kenya] and the Ruwenzori Mountains [on the Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo border]); Tanzania is bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships
" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "as of late 2020, the TPDF had deployed additional troops to its border with Mozambique to prevent a spillover of the growing violence in the northern Mozambican province of Cabo Delgado" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-year commitment (2-year contracts afterwards); selective conscription for 2 years of public service (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "as of late 2020, the TPDF had deployed additional troops to its border with Mozambique to prevent a spillover of the growing violence in the northern Mozambican province of Cabo Delgado" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1179,7 +1185,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "127,435 (Burundi), 79,002 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2021)" + "text": "126,534 (Burundi), 79,002 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2021)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 41a078b4..6709fb9e 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers; Lake Victoria, the world's largest tropical lake and the second largest fresh water lake, is shared among three countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ "text": "10.4% (2016)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -474,6 +477,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "6% (2017 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1046,7 +1052,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "5 (2019)" + "text": "5" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "3" @@ -1055,21 +1061,21 @@ "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "42 (2013)" + "text": "42" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "26 (2013)" + "text": "26" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "7 (2013)" @@ -1141,11 +1147,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "6,200 Somalia (AMISOM); 620 Somalia (UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and the NRM to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates; during the 2020 election cycle, senior UPDF officer said that the military would not obey a non-NRM political leader
the UPDF has conducted operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo against a Congo-based Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see the Terrorist Group Appendix); beginning in 2012, the UPDF also led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat
Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020
" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty (must be single, no children); 9-year service obligation (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and the NRM to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates; during the 2020 election cycle, senior UPDF officer said that the military would not obey a non-NRM political leader
the UPDF has conducted operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo against a Congo-based Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see the Terrorist Group Appendix); beginning in 2012, the UPDF also led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat
Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1160,7 +1166,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "925,499 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 432,390 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 51,115 (Burundi), 47,525 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,010 (Rwanda), 17,522 (Eritrea) (2021)" + "text": "933,089 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 432,390 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 51,410 (Burundi), 48,797 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,010 (Rwanda), 17,522 (Eritrea) (2021)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index a0b67af5..d9c256a8 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ "text": "16.4% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "5.8% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1053,24 +1053,24 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "21 (2013)" + "text": "21" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "13 (2013)" + "text": "13" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2013)" @@ -1128,11 +1128,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "1,075 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "since at least 2016, the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso have been actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS; military operations have occurred in the Centre‐Est, Centre‐Nord, Est, Nord, and Sahel administrative regionsA small, landlocked kingdom, Eswatini is bordered in the north, west and south by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the east. Eswatini depends on South Africa for a majority of its exports and imports. Eswatini's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively relinquishing Eswatini's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for almost half of its revenue. Eswatini is a lower middle income country. As of 2017, more than one-quarter of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS; Eswatini has the world’s highest HIV prevalence rate, a financial strain and source of economic instability.
The manufacturing sector diversified in the 1980s and 1990s, but manufacturing has grown little in the last decade. Sugar and soft drink concentrate are the largest foreign exchange earners, although a drought in 2015-16 decreased sugar production and exports. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods are persistent problems. Mining has declined in importance in recent years. Coal, gold, diamond, and quarry stone mines are small scale, and the only iron ore mine closed in 2014. With an estimated 28% unemployment rate, Eswatini's need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and to attract foreign direct investment is acute.
Eswatini's national development strategy, which expires in 2022, prioritizes increases in infrastructure, agriculture production, and economic diversification, while aiming to reduce poverty and government spending. Eswatini's revenue from SACU receipts are likely to continue to decline as South Africa pushes for a new distribution scheme, making it harder for the government to maintain fiscal balance without introducing new sources of revenue.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "7.8% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Credit ratings": { - "Moody's rating": { - "text": "B3 (2020)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$9.898 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -677,8 +653,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.484 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -692,15 +676,20 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.484 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "7.8% (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2020)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -734,20 +723,6 @@ "text": "-46.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "77.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "92.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "36.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, maize, roots/tubers nes, grapefruit, oranges, milk, beef, potatoes, vegetables, bananas" }, @@ -803,9 +778,6 @@ "text": "1.639 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-8.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -817,6 +789,9 @@ "text": "25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1035,21 +1010,21 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "12 (2013)" + "text": "12" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "7 (2013)" diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 524e8d96..6bcc9676 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Island countries. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted by the time of independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. Earnings from fishing licenses and seafarer remittances are important sources of income. Although the number of seafarers employed declined due to changes in global shipping demands, remittances are expected to improve with more overseas temporary and seasonal work opportunities for Kiribati nationals.
Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. The public sector dominates economic activity, with ongoing capital projects in infrastructure including road rehabilitation, water and sanitation projects, and renovations to the international airport, spurring some growth. Public debt increased from 23% of GDP at the end of 2015 to 25.8% in 2016.
Kiribati is dependent on foreign aid, which was estimated to have contributed over 32.7% in 2016 to the government’s finances. The country’s sovereign fund, the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF), which is held offshore, had an estimated balance of $855.5 million in late July 2016. The RERF seeks to avoid exchange rate risk by holding investments in more than 20 currencies, including the Australian dollar, US dollar, the Japanese yen, and the Euro. Drawdowns from the RERF helped finance the government’s annual budget.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "10.3% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$267 million (2019 est.)" @@ -607,8 +588,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$197 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "10.3% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -622,12 +611,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "64.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$197 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "68.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -641,20 +633,6 @@ "text": "70% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "46.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "78.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "62.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "53.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, roots/tubers nes, bananas, vegetables, taro, tropical fruit, poultry, pork, nuts, eggs" }, @@ -706,9 +684,6 @@ "text": "277.5 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "76.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-64.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -720,6 +695,9 @@ "text": "22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "76.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -944,7 +922,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "4 (2017)" @@ -952,10 +930,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "15 (2013)" + "text": "15" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2013)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index d9597c91..c9fb7df3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -125,6 +125,20 @@ "text": "5.44% (male 84/female 36) (2017 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.11% (2014 est.)" }, @@ -168,6 +182,26 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -182,6 +216,9 @@ }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { @@ -411,10 +448,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Railways": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 9c8f2b31..6e7b6e2c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "12 (2019)" + "text": "12" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -853,15 +853,15 @@ "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "13 (2013)" + "text": "13" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "8 (2013)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index bf50344e..ae53bf9f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -134,6 +134,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.03% (2021 est.)" }, @@ -661,7 +675,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2021)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1 (2021)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index 0efe3285..1b23041b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -137,6 +137,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.01% (2014 est.)" }, @@ -180,6 +194,26 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -472,10 +506,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index ddc129ad..1a9c4b44 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "text": "11.7% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -580,25 +580,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with more than 330,000 visitors in 2017, are other mainstays of the economy. Tourism has struggled after Efate, the most populous and most popular island for tourists, was damaged by Tropical Cyclone Pam in 2015. Ongoing infrastructure difficulties at Port Vila’s Bauerfield Airport have caused air travel disruptions, further hampering tourism numbers. Australia and New Zealand are the main source of tourists and foreign aid. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits.
Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center.
Since 2002, the government has stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.2% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$945 million (2019 est.)" @@ -611,8 +592,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$870 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.2% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -626,6 +615,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$870 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "27.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -657,20 +657,6 @@ "text": "-48.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "81.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "59.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "49.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, roots/tubers nes, bananas, vegetables, pork, fruit, milk, beef, groundnuts, cocoa" }, @@ -723,9 +709,6 @@ "text": "244.1 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -737,6 +720,9 @@ "text": "46.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "27.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -969,7 +955,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2019)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -978,15 +964,15 @@ "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "28 (2013)" + "text": "28" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "21 (2013)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 50ea1606..c513eb97 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -136,6 +136,20 @@ "text": "3.48% (male 122/female 219) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "27 years" @@ -877,10 +891,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index fba71e1e..e33c6e93 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "6% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -1010,19 +1010,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "39 (2017)" + "text": "39" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "12 (2017)" + "text": "12" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "23 (2017)" + "text": "23" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1030,13 +1030,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "84 (2013)" + "text": "84" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "33 (2013)" + "text": "33" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "48 (2013)" @@ -1110,6 +1110,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "New Zealand’s closest security partner is Australia; New Zealand is a member of the 1951 ANZUS Treaty Alliance with Australia and the US
New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. It has a nominal GDP of $844 million. Agriculture, including fishing, furnishes 90% of exports, featuring fish, coconut oil, nonu products, and taro. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Industry accounts for nearly 22% of GDP while employing less than 6% of the work force. The service sector accounts for nearly two-thirds of GDP and employs approximately 50% of the labor force. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 132,000 tourists visited the islands in 2013.
The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. In September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes on Samoa's Upolu Island.
The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the country's financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Foreign reserves are relatively healthy and inflation is low, but external debt is approximately 45% of GDP. Samoa became the 155th member of the WTO in May 2012, and graduated from least developed country status in January 2014.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.1% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$1.285 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -654,8 +635,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$841 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "7.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.6% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -669,6 +658,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$841 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -700,20 +700,6 @@ "text": "-50.5% (2015 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "62.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "57.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "58.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, taro, bananas, yams, tropical fruit, pineapples, mangoes/guavas, papayas, roots/tubers nes, pork" }, @@ -770,9 +756,6 @@ "text": "276.8 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -784,6 +767,9 @@ "text": "52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "June 1 - May 31" }, @@ -1001,15 +987,15 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 39e01df0..11a7718e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -869,10 +869,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index b0459ec0..3eff4170 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -907,18 +907,18 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -959,11 +959,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the ABDF's equipment inventory is limited to small arms, light weapons, and soft-skin vehicles; the Coast Guard maintains ex-US patrol vessels and some smaller boats (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "member of the Regional Security System (RSS), an international agreement for the defense and security of the eastern Caribbean region" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-23 years of age for voluntary military service for both males and females; no conscription (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 861f8900..830f7c95 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -136,6 +136,20 @@ "text": "9.78% (male 874/female 895) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "35.7 years" @@ -268,7 +282,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" } }, "Environment": { @@ -707,10 +721,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2020)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2020)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 9e427495..ce8a8f51 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ "text": "3.5% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -941,10 +941,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Pipelines": { @@ -1000,7 +1000,10 @@ "text": "the RBDF's major equipment inventory - maritime patrol boats - is supplied by the Netherlands (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "voluntary service only; 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with a letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizen of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2021)" + "text": "Voluntary service only; 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with a letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizen of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Barbados has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security; the RSS is headquartered in Barbados
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index f91af015..b3601c89 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020)" }, "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": { "total": { @@ -923,16 +923,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "24 (2017)" + "text": "24" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "13 (2017)" + "text": "13" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "7 (2017)" @@ -940,13 +940,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "37 (2013)" + "text": "37" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "17 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 2ab9143c..17d49177 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "text": "4.6% (2015/16)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2020)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -987,13 +987,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2017)" @@ -1001,13 +1001,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "41 (2013)" + "text": "41" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "11 (2013)" + "text": "11" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "29 (2013)" @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ "text": "the BDF's inventory is limited and consists mostly of UK- and US-origin equipment (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1; initial service obligation 12 years (2012)" + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1; initial service obligation 12 years (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json index 548af322..985b8321 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json @@ -94,6 +94,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Birth rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -103,9 +117,35 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index f47f97c5..50d42bf8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -136,6 +136,20 @@ "text": "14.24% (male 4,053/female 4,769) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "40.5 years" @@ -828,10 +842,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -839,7 +853,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2012)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2012)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index bbe935bb..7e27a6bf 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ "text": "2.9% (2018)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "6.7% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1045,16 +1045,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "47 (2017)" + "text": "47" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "27 (2017)" + "text": "27" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "16 (2017)" @@ -1062,10 +1062,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "114 (2013)" + "text": "114" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "18 (2013)" + "text": "18" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "96 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 307d8305..d33641ca 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ "text": "2.4% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "12.8% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1020,19 +1020,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "64 (2017)" + "text": "64" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "16 (2017)" + "text": "16" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "27 (2017)" @@ -1040,10 +1040,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "69 (2013)" + "text": "69" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "11 (2013)" + "text": "11" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "58 (2013)" @@ -1119,11 +1119,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Cuban military inventory is comprised of ageing Russian and Soviet-era equipment; the last recorded arms delivery to Cuba was by Russia in 2004 (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, and tourism" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation for males, optional for females (2017)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, and tourism" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 370d55cd..390cc0dc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -135,6 +135,20 @@ "text": "12.12% (male 4,128/female 4,867) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "34.9 years" @@ -256,7 +270,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "5% of GDP (2020)" }, "People - note": { "text": "3,000-3,500 Kalinago (Carib) still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the Caribbean; only 70-100 may be \"pure\" Kalinago because of years of integration into the broader population" @@ -856,13 +870,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -895,7 +909,7 @@ "text": "no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2020)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Dominica participates in the Regional Security System (RSS) an international agreement for the defense and security of the eastern Caribbean region" + "text": "Dominica has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 7b3c9d37..8ce9375b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ "text": "4% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1039,19 +1039,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "16 (2017)" + "text": "16" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1059,13 +1059,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "20 (2013)" + "text": "20" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "18 (2013)" @@ -1147,11 +1147,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the military is lightly armed with an inventory consisting mostly of older US equipment with limited quantities of material from other countries; since 2010, Brazil and Israel are the leading suppliers of armaments to the Dominican Republic (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the military's primary focuses are countering illegal immigration and refugees along its 350km-long border with Haiti and interdicting air and maritime narcotics trafficking, as well as disaster relief" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the military's primary focuses are countering illegal immigration and refugees along its 350km-long border with Haiti and interdicting air and maritime narcotics trafficking, as well as disaster relief" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 5d222391..eb257c3e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ "text": "5% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1037,16 +1037,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1054,13 +1054,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "63 (2013)" + "text": "63" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "11 (2013)" + "text": "11" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "51 (2013)" @@ -1138,11 +1138,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "170 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "in recent years, about half of the Army was reportedly deployed on internal security duties to support the National Police with combating gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security (2021)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation is 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2012)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "as of 2021 about half of the Army was reportedly deployed on internal security duties to support the National Police with combating gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 5769a5a0..9f0f3211 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -919,13 +919,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ "text": "no regular military forces; the Royal Grenada Police Force includes a Coast Guard and a paramilitary Special Services Unit (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Grenada is a member of the Regional Security System (RSS), an international agreement for the defense and security of the eastern Caribbean region" + "text": "Grenada joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 1985; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index d3671370..58368955 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ "text": "33,000 (2020 est.)" }, "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { - "text": "1,200 <1,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "<1,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { "degree of risk": { @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ "text": "12.4% (2014/15)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1048,16 +1048,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "16 (2017)" + "text": "16" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "4 (2017)" @@ -1065,16 +1065,16 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "275 (2013)" + "text": "275" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "77 (2013)" + "text": "77" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "195 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 294a6818..990fad15 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ "text": "9.5% (2016/17)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -637,25 +637,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population represent some of the most serious impediments to Haiti’s economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equivalent to more than a quarter of GDP, and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment.
Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with close to 60% of the population living under the national poverty line, Haiti’s GDP growth rose to 5.5% in 2011 as the Haitian economy began recovering from the devastating January 2010 earthquake that destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. However, growth slowed to below 2% in 2015 and 2016 as political uncertainty, drought conditions, decreasing foreign aid, and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth. Hurricane Matthew, the fiercest Caribbean storm in nearly a decade, made landfall in Haiti on 4 October 2016, with 140 mile-per-hour winds, creating a new humanitarian emergency. An estimated 2.1 million people were affected by the category 4 storm, which caused extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure across Haiti’s southern peninsula.
US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) have contributed to an increase in apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020, while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2016 reached approximately $850 million and account for over 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP.
Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure, including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to $2.6 billion as of December 2017, the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection, it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "14.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "13.4% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$32.724 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -668,8 +649,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.608 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -683,15 +672,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "12% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$8.608 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "14.7% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "10.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "29.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "13.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -726,20 +715,6 @@ }, "note": "note: figure for household consumption also includes government consumption" }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "40.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "36.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "76.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "51.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, cassava, mangoes/guavas, plantains, bananas, yams, avocados, maize, rice, vegetables" }, @@ -797,9 +772,6 @@ "text": "1.65 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -811,6 +783,9 @@ "text": "33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, @@ -1037,21 +1012,21 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2019)" + "text": "4" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2" + "text": "2 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "8 (2013)" @@ -1091,6 +1066,9 @@ }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "not available" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "according to the Haitian Government, the mission of the reconstituted armed forces will focus on patrolling the border with the Dominican Republic, combating smuggling, and executing recovery efforts after natural disasters
the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) operated in Haiti from 2004 until 2017; its mission was to help restore stability after President Bertrand ARISTIDE fled the country, including assisting with the political process, strengthening government institutions, and promoting and protecting human rights; following the completion of MINUSTAH’s mandate in 2017, a smaller peacekeeping mission, the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH), operated until 2019; its mission was to assist with the further development and strengthening of the national police, as well as Haiti’s justice and prison systems, and to promote and protect human rights; in 2019, the UN established the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) with the political mission of advising the Haiti Government in elections, governance, and security; as of 2021, BINUH continued to operate
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 4895bb97..922b47a6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ "text": "7.1% (2011/12)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1049,16 +1049,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "13 (2017)" + "text": "13" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2017)" @@ -1066,13 +1066,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "90 (2013)" + "text": "90" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "73 (2013)" @@ -1118,8 +1118,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army (Ejercito), Honduran Naval Force (FNH; includes marines), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH), Honduran Public Order Military Police (PMOP); Security Secretariat: Public Security Forces (includes Honduran National Police paramilitary units) (2021)", - "note": "note - the PMOP reports to military authorities, but conducts operations sanctioned by civilian security officials as well as by military leaders" + "text": "Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army (Ejercito), Honduran Naval Force (FNH; includes marines), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH), Honduran Public Order Military Police (PMOP); Security Secretariat: Public Security Forces (includes Honduran National Police paramilitary units) (2021)Panama's dollar-based economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, logistics, banking, the Colon Free Trade Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism and Panama is a center for offshore banking. Panama's transportation and logistics services sectors, along with infrastructure development projects, have boosted economic growth; however, public debt surpassed $37 billion in 2016 because of excessive government spending and public works projects. The US-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement was approved by Congress and signed into law in October 2011, and entered into force in October 2012.
Future growth will be bolstered by the Panama Canal expansion project that began in 2007 and was completed in 2016 at a cost of $5.3 billion - about 10-15% of current GDP. The expansion project more than doubled the Canal's capacity, enabling it to accommodate high-capacity vessels such as tankers and neopanamax vessels that are too large to traverse the existing canal. The US and China are the top users of the Canal.
Strong economic performance has not translated into broadly shared prosperity, as Panama has the second worst income distribution in Latin America. About one-fourth of the population lives in poverty; however, from 2006 to 2012 poverty was reduced by 10 percentage points.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$133.587 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$129.688 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$125.07 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -657,6 +669,21 @@ "text": "5.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$31,459 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$31,049 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$30,455 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$66.801 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -676,44 +703,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$133.587 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$129.688 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$125.07 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$66.801 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$31,459 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,049 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$30,455 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "30% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "29.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "31.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -745,20 +734,6 @@ "text": "-44.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "66.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "85.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "49 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, bananas, rice, poultry, milk, plantains, pineapples, maize, beef, pork" }, @@ -818,9 +793,6 @@ "text": "13.44 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -832,6 +804,9 @@ "text": "37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1066,19 +1041,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "57 (2017)" + "text": "57" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "20 (2017)" + "text": "20" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "30 (2017)" @@ -1086,13 +1061,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "60 (2013)" + "text": "60" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "51 (2013)" @@ -1134,7 +1109,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security: the Panama National Police (La Policía Nacional de Panamá, PNP), National Air-Naval Service (Servicio Nacional Aeronaval, SENAN), National Border Service (Servicio Nacional de Fronteras, SENAFRONT) (2021)" + "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security: the Panama National Police (La Policía Nacional de Panamá, PNP), National Air-Naval Service (Servicio Nacional Aeronaval, SENAN), National Border Service (Servicio Nacional de Fronteras, SENAFRONT) (2021)", + "note": "note - the PNP includes paramilitary special forces units for counterterrorism and counternarcotics missions; in addition to its 3 regionally-based border security brigades, SENAFRONT includes a special forces brigade, which is comprised of special forces, counternarcotics, maritime, and rapid reaction units" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2017": { @@ -1160,7 +1136,7 @@ "text": "Panama's security forces are lightly armed; Canada, Italy and the US have provided equipment to the security forces since 2010 (2020)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "on 10 February 1990, the government of then President Guillermo ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's National Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of \"external aggression\"" + "text": "the Panamanian Defense Force was disbanded after the 1989 US invasion; the Army was converted into a police force in 1990, and the armed forces were officially abolished under the 1994 Constitution" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index d2339f09..f19c1b95 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -98,6 +98,20 @@ "text": "9.17% (male 1,305/female 1,680) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "33.3 years" @@ -175,6 +189,26 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -184,6 +218,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -438,10 +475,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Transportation - note": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 1b73d381..6cbea9d7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -858,19 +858,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "17 (2017)" + "text": "17" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2017)" @@ -878,13 +878,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "12 (2013)" + "text": "12" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "10 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index d5281d0c..9d504842 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -138,6 +138,20 @@ "text": "10% (male 2,540/female 2,844) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "36.5 years" @@ -885,13 +899,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Railways": { @@ -939,6 +953,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (under 18 with written parental permission); no conscription (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "St. Kitts joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 1984; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 7ffe25c3..2480a3ff 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ "text": "2.8% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2020)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -574,25 +574,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition.
Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the CHASTANET administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks.
St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-3.1% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$2.823 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -605,8 +586,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.686 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -620,15 +609,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.686 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "24.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-3.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -662,20 +651,6 @@ "text": "-56.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "63.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "73.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "bananas, coconuts, fruit, tropical fruit, plantains, roots/tubers nes, cassava, poultry, vegetables, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -728,9 +703,6 @@ "text": "392.8 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -742,6 +714,9 @@ "text": "69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -960,13 +935,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -991,7 +966,7 @@ "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Marine Unit) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "St. Lucia is a member of the Regional Security System (RSS), an international agreement for the defense and security of the eastern Caribbean region" + "text": "St. Lucia has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 1cbb1f3a..fa3f1c56 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -92,6 +92,20 @@ "text": "19.35% (male 690/female 688) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "45.6 years" @@ -169,12 +183,38 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -381,10 +421,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index be389d5f..f2b25c49 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ "text": "4.9% (2011)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -953,21 +953,21 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index bfc53c86..c0176e7b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -132,6 +132,20 @@ "text": "5.17% (male 1,364/female 1,525) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "34.6 years" @@ -252,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2019)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -717,16 +731,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -734,7 +748,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index c17c8d15..c92bdd77 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -799,10 +799,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -834,11 +834,11 @@ "Military and security forces": { "text": "no regular military forces; Curaçao Militia (CURMIL) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy; the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG) provides maritime security" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "no conscription (2010)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy; the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG) provides maritime security" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index a543ca17..76d0c869 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -901,13 +901,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ "text": "no regular military forces; the Special Services Unit (SSU) is the paramilitary arm of the Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (RSVPF) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "a member of the Regional Security System (RSS), an international agreement for the defense and security of the eastern Caribbean region" + "text": "the country has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Saint Lucia) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index d0fcdd8b..7e84a727 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -133,6 +133,20 @@ "text": "10.63% (male 1,921/female 2,105) (2021 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "37.2 years" @@ -265,7 +279,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -756,18 +770,18 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 7f8c8c08..e37f8baa 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -744,13 +744,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index 9fa65fee..c6e8e54b 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Aral Sea drainage (endorheic basin): Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)note 1: largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the country lacks proper soils and climates (either too cold or too dry) for agriculture
note 2: Russia's far east, particularly the Kamchatka Peninsula, lies along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
note 3: Mount El'brus is Europe's tallest peak; Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world, is estimated to hold one fifth of the world's fresh surface water
note 4: Kaliningrad oblast is an exclave annexed from Germany following World War II (it was formerly part of East Prussia); its capital city of Kaliningrad - formerly Koenigsberg - is the only Baltic port in Russia that remains ice free in the winter
as of 2021, Turkmenistan continued to pursue a nationalist and isolationist security policy and has declined to participate in post-Soviet military groupings such as the Collective Security Treaty Organization military alliance (CSTO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO); however, in September 2020, it participated in a Russian-led multinational military exercise held in southern Russia’s Astrakhan region alongside Russian, Chinese, Pakistani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Uzbek, Mongolian, Syrian, Iranian, Egyptian, Belarusian, Turkish, Armenian, and Azerbaijani contingents
as of 2021, Turkmenistan was trying to improve its naval capabilities on the Caspian Sea by expanding ship building capabilities and adding larger vessels to the Navy’s inventory; in 2018, it opened its first naval shipyard and in August 2021, the Navy commissioned its largest warship, a corvette that was jointly constructed with Turkey
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 69f24788..102b177b 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Aral Sea drainage (endorheic basin): Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -309,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "2.9% (2017)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -419,6 +422,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4 million tons (2016 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Aral Sea drainage (endorheic basin): Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -994,19 +1000,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "33 (2013)" + "text": "33" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "13 (2013)" + "text": "13" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "4 (2013)" @@ -1014,10 +1020,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "20 (2013)" + "text": "20" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "18 (2013)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 09b4ec97..67d04918 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ "text": "19.1% (2017/18)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1057,16 +1057,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "36 (2017)" + "text": "36" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "12 (2017)" + "text": "12" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "11 (2017)" + "text": "11" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "12 (2017)" + "text": "12" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1074,16 +1074,16 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "28 (2013)" + "text": "28" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "13 (2013)" @@ -1162,11 +1162,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Burmese military inventory is comprised mostly of older Chinese and Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a smaller mix of more modern acquisitions; since 2010, China and Russia are the leading suppliers of military hardware; Burma has a limited defense industry, including a growing shipbuilding capability (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics and ran the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; the military controls three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and has a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for voluntary military service; no conscription (a 2010 law reintroducing conscription has not yet entered into force); 2-year service obligation; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be stretched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics and ran the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; the military controls three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and has a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)
as of 2021, there were approximately 20 ethnic-based armed groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled of about one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army
in 2015, the Burmese Government signed a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) with eight mostly small armed groups, including the All Burma Students’ Democratic Front, Arakan Liberation Party, Chin National Front, Democratic Karen Benevolent Army, Karen National Liberation Army-Peace Council, Karen National Union, Pa-O National Liberation Organization, and the Shan State Army-South; seven other groups did not sign the NCA, but have since signed bi-lateral ceasefires with the Burmese Government, including the National Democratic Alliance Army, Shan State Army, New Mon State Army, Karenni Army, National Socialist Council of Nagaland–Khaplang, and the United Wa State Army, which in 2021 was assessed to be the largest and most capable group, with more than 20,000 fighters; others, including the Arakan Army (Chin, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan states), Kachin Independence Army (Kachin state), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (Shan state), Shanni Nationalities Army (Kachin state), and Taang National Liberation Army (Shan state) continued to engage in active insurgent operations against the Burmese Government in 2021; in March 2021, the Karen National Union resumed fighting with the Burmese military
as of 2021, Burma also had a large number (estimates run into the thousands) of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-government and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; anti-government militias were typically associated with ethnic-based armed organizations
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index e1f8a91e..8d785a5f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -946,10 +946,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Heliports": { @@ -1019,11 +1019,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Royal Brunei Armed Forces imports nearly all of its military equipment and weapons systems; the top supplier since 2010 is Germany (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the United Kingdom and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes the Gurkha Battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also hosts a Singaporean military training base (2020)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the United Kingdom and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes the Gurkha Battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also hosts a Singaporean military training base (2020)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 7efb3536..e9f2529a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "
Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off 20 years of civil war.
The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a cease-fire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders were tried for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. In 2018, the tribunal heard its final cases, but it remains in operation to hear appeals. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local (Commune Council) elections were held in Cambodia in 2012, with little of the violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2013 were disputed, with the opposition - the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) - boycotting the National Assembly. The political impasse was ended nearly a year later, with the CNRP agreeing to enter parliament in exchange for commitments by the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) to electoral and legislative reforms. The CNRP made further gains in local commune elections in June 2017, accelerating sitting Prime Minister Hun SEN’s efforts to marginalize the CNRP before national elections in 2018. Hun Sen arrested CNRP President Kem SOKHA in September 2017. The Supreme Court dissolved the CNRP in November 2017 and banned its leaders from participating in politics for at least five years. The CNRP’s seats in the National Assembly were redistributed to smaller, less influential opposition parties, while all of the CNRP’s 5,007 seats in the commune councils throughout the country were reallocated to the CPP. With the CNRP banned, the CPP swept the 2018 national elections, winning all 125 National Assembly seats and effectively turning the country into a one-party state." + "text": "Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off 20 years of civil war.
The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a cease-fire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders were tried for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. In 2018, the tribunal heard its final cases, but it remains in operation to hear appeals. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local (Commune Council) elections were held in Cambodia in 2012, with little of the violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2013 were disputed, with the opposition - the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) - boycotting the National Assembly. The political impasse was ended nearly a year later, with the CNRP agreeing to enter parliament in exchange for commitments by the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) to undertake electoral and legislative reforms. The CNRP made further gains in local commune elections in June 2017, accelerating sitting Prime Minister HUN SEN’s efforts to marginalize the CNRP before national elections in 2018. HUN SEN arrested CNRP President KEM SOKHA in September 2017. The Supreme Court dissolved the CNRP in November 2017 and banned its leaders from participating in politics for at least five years. The CNRP’s seats in the National Assembly were redistributed to smaller, less influential opposition parties, while all of the CNRP’s 5,007 seats in the commune councils throughout the country were reallocated to the CPP. With the CNRP banned, the CPP swept the 2018 national elections, winning all 125 National Assembly seats and effectively turning the country into a one-party state.China's historical civilization dates from at least 1200 B.C.; from the 3rd century B.C. and for the next two millennia, China alternated between periods of unity and disunity under a succession of imperial dynasties. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Chinese Communist Party under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically but political controls remain tight. Since the early 1990s, China has increased its global outreach and participation in international organizations.
" + "text": "China's historical civilization dates to at least 1600 B.C., first under the Shang (1600-1046 B.C.) and then the Zhou (1045-221 B.C) dynasties. The imperial era of China began in 220 B.C. under the Qin Dynasty and lasted until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. During this period, China alternated between periods of unity and disunity under a succession of imperial dynasties. In the 19th century, the Qing Dynasty suffered heavily from imperialism, military defeats, and foreign occupation. It collapsed following the Revolution of 1911, and China became a republic under SUN Yat-sen of the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalist) Party. However, the republic was beset by division, warlordism, and continued foreign occupation. In the late 1920s, a civil war erupted between the ruling KMT-controlled government led by CHIANG Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led by MAO Zedong. Japan occupied much of northeastern China in the early 1930s, and then launched a full-scale invasion of the country in 1937. The resulting eight years of warfare devastated the country and cost up to 20 million Chinese lives by the time of Japan’s defeat in 1945. The Nationalist-Communist civil war continued with renewed intensity following the end of World War II and culminated with a CCP victory in 1949.
MAO and the CCP established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and launched agricultural, economic, political, and social policies - such as the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) - that cost the lives of millions of people. MAO died in 1976. Subsequent leaders DENG Xiaping, JIANG Zemin, LI Peng, ZHU Rongji, HU Jintao, and WIN Jiabou focused on market-oriented economic development and opening up the country to foreign trade, while maintaining the rule of the Communist Party. Since the change, China has been among the world’s fastest growing economies, with real gross domestic product averaging over 9% growth annually through 2018, lifting an estimated 800 million people out of poverty, and dramatically improving overall living standards. By 2011, China’s economy was the second largest in the world. The growth, however, has created considerable social displacement, adversely affected the country’s environment, and reduced the country’s natural resources. Current leader XI Jinping has continued these policies, but also has maintained tight political controls. Over the past decade, China has also increased its global outreach, including military deployments, participation in international organizations, and initiating a global infrastructure investment project in 2013 called the \"Belt and Road Initiative\" (BRI). While many nations have signed on to BRI agreements, others have balked seeing the terms as a form of neo-imperialism or debt-trap diplomacy.
established in 1927, the PLA is the military arm of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which oversees the PLA through its Central Military Commission; the Central Military Commission is China’s top military decision making body
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index b7bfcd45..f072a025 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its \"one country, two systems\" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a \"high degree of autonomy\" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years." + "text": "Seized by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year at the end of the First Opium War; the Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second Opium War, and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its \"one country, two systems\" formula, China's socialist economic and strict political system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a \"high degree of autonomy\" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years. Since the turnover, Hong Kong has continued to enjoy success as an international financial center. However, dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong Government and growing Chinese political influence has been a central issue and led to considerable civil unrest. In June 2020, the Chinese Government passed a security law for Hong Kong that would criminalize acts such as those interpreted as secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with foreign or external forces. Critics said the law effectively curtailed protests and freedom of speech and was widely viewed as reducing Hong Kong’s autonomy, while Beijing said it would return stability. The law was met with widespread international condemnation and criticism that it effectively ended the \"one country, two systems\" guiding principle of Hong Kong’s Basic Law. Since its passing, authorities have used the law to detain pro-democracy activists and politicians, oust opposition lawmakers, and raid media offices. In March 2021, Beijing reduced the number of directly elected seats in Hong Kong’s legislature, furthering its efforts to curtail political opposition and protests." } }, "Geography": { @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "text": "Cantonese (official) 88.9%, English (official) 4.3%, Mandarin (official) 1.9%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 1.9% (2016 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese)
in addition to having one of the region’s largest and best equipped militaries, Japan’s alliance with the US (signed in 1951) is one of the cornerstones of the country’s security, as well as a large part of the US security role in Asia; as of 2021, nearly 55,000 US troops and other military assets, including significant numbers of aircraft and naval ships, were stationed in Japan and have exclusive use of more than 80 bases and facilities; in exchange for their use, the US guarantees Japan’s security; the Japanese Government provides about $2 billion per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan
Japan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. Five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored communist control. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed Republic of Korea (ROK) in the southern portion by force, North Korea (DPRK), under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic \"self-reliance\" as a check against outside influence. The DPRK demonized the US as the ultimate threat to its social system through state-funded propaganda, and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM Il Sung's son, KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as his father's successor in 1980, assuming a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994. Under KIM Jong Il's rein, the DPRK continued developing nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. KIM Jong Un was publicly unveiled as his father's successor in 2010. Following KIM Jong Il's death in 2011, KIM Jong Un quickly assumed power and has since occupied the regime's highest political and military posts.
After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has faced chronic food shortages and economic stagnation. In recent years, the North's domestic agricultural production has increased, but still falls far short of producing sufficient food to provide for its entire population. The DPRK began to ease restrictions to allow semi-private markets, starting in 2002, but has made few other efforts to meet its goal of improving the overall standard of living. North Korea's history of provocative regional military; proliferation of military-related items; long-range missile development; WMD programs including tests of nuclear devices in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017; and large conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community and have limited the DPRK's international engagement, particularly economically. In 2013, the DPRK declared a policy of simultaneous development of its nuclear weapons program and economy. In late 2017, KIM Jong Un declared the North's nuclear weapons development complete. In 2018, KIM announced a pivot towards diplomacy, including a re-prioritization of economic development, a pause in missile testing beginning in late 2017, and a refrain from anti-US rhetoric starting in June 2018. Since 2018, KIM has participated in four meetings with Chinese President XI Jinping, three with ROK President MOON Jae-in, and three with US President TRUMP. Since 2019, North Korea has continued developing its ballistic missile program and issued statements condemning the US.
" + "text": "The first recorded kingdom (Choson) on the Korean Peninsula dates from approximately 2300 B.C. Over the subsequent centuries, three main kingdoms - Kogoryo, Paekche, and Silla - were established on the Peninsula. By the 5th century A.D, Kogoryo emerged as the most powerful, with control over much of the Peninsula, as well as part of Manchuria (modern-day northeast China). However, Silla allied with the Chinese to create the first unified Korean state in the late 7th century (688). Following the collapse of Silla in the 9th century, Korea was unified under the Koryo (Goryeo; 918-1392) and the Chosen (Joseon; 1392-1910) dynasties.
Korea became the object of intense imperialistic rivalry between the Chinese (its traditional benefactor), Japanese, and Russian empires in the latter half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Korea was occupied by Imperial Japan. In 1910, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. After World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored communist control. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed Republic of Korea (ROK) in the southern portion by force, North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, DPRK), under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic \"self-reliance\" as a check against outside influence. The DPRK demonized the US as the ultimate threat to its social system through state-funded propaganda, and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM Il Sung's son, KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as his father's successor in 1980, assuming a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994. Under KIM Jong Il's rein, the DPRK continued developing nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. KIM Jong Un was publicly unveiled as his father's successor in 2010. Following KIM Jong Il's death in 2011, KIM Jong Un quickly assumed power and has since occupied the regime's highest political and military posts.
After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has faced chronic food shortages and economic stagnation. In recent years, the North's domestic agricultural production has increased, but still falls far short of producing sufficient food to provide for its entire population. The DPRK began to ease restrictions to allow semi-private markets, starting in 2002, but has made few other efforts to meet its goal of improving the overall standard of living. New economic development plans in the 2010s failed to meet government-mandated goals for key industrial sectors, food production, or overall economic performance. In response, the DPRK leader in early 2021 admitted these failures, but vowed to continue \"self-reliant\" policies.
North Korea has a history of provocative regional military actions and posturing that are of major concern to the international community and have limited the DPRK’s international engagement, particularly economically. These include proliferation of military-related items; long-range missile development; WMD programs including tests of nuclear devices in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017; and large conventional armed forces. In 2013, the DPRK declared a policy of simultaneous development of its nuclear weapons program and economy. In late 2017, KIM Jong Un declared the North's nuclear weapons development complete. In 2018, KIM announced a pivot towards diplomacy, including a re-prioritization of economic development, a pause in missile testing beginning in late 2017, and a refrain from anti-US rhetoric starting in June 2018. Since 2018, KIM has participated in four meetings with Chinese President XI Jinping, three with ROK President MOON Jae-in, and three with US President TRUMP. Since 2019, North Korea has continued developing its ballistic missile program and issued statements condemning the US, and vowing to further strengthen its military capabilities, including long range missiles and nuclear weapons. The DPRK remains one of the world’s most isolated and one of Asia’s poorest countries.
An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. In 1910, Tokyo formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the US in 1945. After World War II, a democratic government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a communist-style government was installed in the north (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a DPRK invasion supported by communist China and the Soviet Union. A 1953 armistice split the Peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. PARK Chung-hee took over leadership of the country in a 1961 coup. During his regime, from 1961 to 1979, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea in 1979.
South Korea held its first free presidential election under a revised democratic constitution in 1987, with former ROK Army general ROH Tae-woo winning a close race. In 1993, KIM Young-sam (1993-98) became the first civilian president of South Korea's new democratic era. President KIM Dae-jung (1998-2003) won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his contributions to South Korean democracy and his \"Sunshine\" policy of engagement with North Korea. President PARK Geun-hye, daughter of former ROK President PARK Chung-hee, took office in February 2013 as South Korea's first female leader. In December 2016, the National Assembly passed an impeachment motion against President PARK over her alleged involvement in a corruption and influence-peddling scandal, immediately suspending her presidential authorities. The impeachment was upheld in March 2017, triggering an early presidential election in May 2017 won by MOON Jae-in. South Korea hosted the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in February 2018, in which North Korea also participated. Discord with North Korea has permeated inter-Korean relations for much of the past decade, highlighted by the North's attacks on a South Korean ship and island in 2010, the exchange of artillery fire across the DMZ in 2015, and multiple nuclear and missile tests in 2016 and 2017. North Korea’s participation in the Winter Olympics, dispatch of a senior delegation to Seoul, and three inter-Korean summits in 2018 appear to have ushered in a temporary period of respite, buoyed by the historic US-DPRK summits in 2018 and 2019.
The first recorded kingdom (Choson) on the Korean Peninsula dates from approximately 2300 B.C. Over the subsequent centuries, three main kingdoms - Kogoryo, Paekche, and Silla - were established on the Peninsula. By the 5th century A.D., Kogoryo emerged as the most powerful, with control over much of the Peninsula, as well as part of Manchuria (modern-day northeast China). However, Silla allied with the Chinese to create the first unified Korean state in the late 7th century (688). Following the collapse of Silla in the 9th century, Korea was unified under the Koryo (Goryeo; 918-1392) and the Chosen (Joseon; 1392-1910) dynasties.
Korea became the object of intense imperialistic rivalry between the Chinese (its traditional benefactor), Japanese, and Russian empires in the latter half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Korea was occupied by Imperial Japan. In 1910, Tokyo formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the US and it allies in 1945. After World War II, a democratic government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a communist-style government was installed in the north (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a DPRK invasion supported by communist China and the Soviet Union. A 1953 armistice split the Peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. PARK Chung-hee took over leadership of the country in a 1961 coup. During his regime from 1961 to 1979, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea in 1979.
Park was assassinated in 1979, and subsequent years were marked by political turmoil and continued authoritarian rule under the guise of democracy. South Korea held its first free presidential election under a revised democratic constitution in 1987, with former ROK Army general ROH Tae-woo winning a close race. In 1993, KIM Young-sam (1993-98) became the first civilian president of South Korea's new democratic era. President KIM Dae-jung (1998-2003) won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his contributions to South Korean democracy and his \"Sunshine\" policy of engagement with North Korea. President PARK Geun-hye, daughter of former ROK President PARK Chung-hee, took office in February 2013 as South Korea's first female leader. In December 2016, the National Assembly passed an impeachment motion against President PARK over her alleged involvement in a corruption and influence-peddling scandal, immediately suspending her presidential authorities. The impeachment was upheld in March 2017, triggering an early presidential election in May 2017 won by MOON Jae-in.
South Korea hosted the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in February 2018, in which North Korea also participated. Discord with North Korea has permeated inter-Korean relations for much of the past decade, highlighted by the North's attacks on a South Korean ship and island in 2010, the exchange of artillery fire across the DMZ in 2015, and multiple nuclear and missile tests in 2016 and 2017. North Korea’s participation in the Winter Olympics, dispatch of a senior delegation to Seoul, and three inter-Korean summits in 2018 appear to have ushered in a temporary period of respite, buoyed by the historic US-DPRK summits in 2018 and 2019. Nevertheless, relations were stagnant in 2020 and 2021.
the 1953 US-South Korea Mutual Defense Treaty is a cornerstone of South Korea’s security; the Treaty committed the US to provide assistance in the event of an attack, particularly from North Korea; in addition, the Treaty gave the US permission to station land, air, and sea forces in and about the territory of South Korea as determined by mutual agreement; as of 2021, the US maintained approximately 28,000 military personnel in the country
the South Korean military has assisted the US in conflicts in Afghanistan (5,000 troops; 2001-2014), Iraq (20,000 troops; 2003-2008), and Vietnam (325,000 troops; 1964-1973)
South Korea has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 15a73473..1d8d4ff3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century, when it became part of French Indochina. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in 1988. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013." + "text": "Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century, when it became part of French Indochina. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in 1988. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013.
In the 2010s, the country benefited from direct foreign investment, particularly in the natural resource and industry sectors. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. Laos has retained its official commitment to communism and maintains close ties with its two communist neighbors, Vietnam and China, both of which continue to exert substantial political and economic influence on the country. China, for example, is providing 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which is set for completion in 2021. Laos is financing the remaining 30% with loans from China. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -639,6 +639,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade.
Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt.
Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts.
Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. Laos also has ongoing problems with the business environment, including onerous registration requirements, a gap between legislation and implementation, and unclear or conflicting regulations.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$56.11 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$53.616 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$50.463 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -650,6 +662,21 @@ "text": "7.3% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$7,826 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$7,593 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$7,258 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$16.97 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -666,44 +693,6 @@ "text": "Caa2 (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$56.11 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$53.616 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$50.463 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$16.97 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,826 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,593 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$7,258 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "15.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "20.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -735,20 +724,6 @@ "text": "-43.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "50.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "62.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "78.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "42 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro" }, @@ -807,9 +782,6 @@ "text": "4.038 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -821,6 +793,9 @@ "text": "58.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, @@ -1053,13 +1028,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "8 (2017)" + "text": "8" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1067,13 +1042,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "33 (2013)" + "text": "33" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "22 (2013)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index dddafb04..e9853234 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ "text": "Cantonese 80.1%, Mandarin 5.5%, other Chinese dialects 5.3%, Tagalog 3%, English 2.8%, Portuguese 0.6%, other 2.8%; note - Chinese and Portuguese are official languages; Macanese, a Portuguese-based Creole, is also spoken (2016 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese)
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing Empire in 1911 and achieved limited autonomy until 1919, when it again came under Chinese control. The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 ended Chinese dominance, and a communist regime, the Mongolian People’s Republic, took power in 1924.
The modern country of Mongolia, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today, more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Since the country's peaceful democratic revolution in 1990, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP) and several other smaller parties, including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In the country's most recent parliamentary elections in June 2016, Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament, largely pushing out the DP, which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. Mongolians elected a DP member, Khaltmaa BATTULGA, as president in 2017.
" + "text": "The peoples of Mongolia have a long history under a number of nomadic empires dating back to the period of the Xiongnu in the 4th century B.C. The name Mongol goes back to at least the 11th century A.D. The most famous Mongol, TEMÜÜJIN (aka Genghis Khan) emerged as the ruler of all Mongols in the early 1200s. By the time of his death in 1227, he had created through conquest a Mongol Empire that extended across much of Eurasia. His descendants, including ÖGÖDEI and KHUBILAI (aka Kublai Khan), continued military campaigns of conquest, taking control of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and the rest of China where KHUBILAI established the Yuan Dynasty in the 1270s. The Mongols attempted to invade Japan and Java before their empire broke apart in the 14th century. In the 17th century, Mongolia fell under the rule of the Manchus of the Chinese Qing Dynasty. Following the collapse of the Manchus in 1911, Mongolia declared its independence, achieving it with help from the Soviet Union in 1921. Mongolia became a socialist state (the Mongolian People’s Republic) in 1924. Following independence and until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989, the country was a Soviet satellite state, and heavily reliant on economic, military, and political assistance from Moscow. The period also was marked by periods of purges, political repression, economic stagnation, and tensions with China.
Mongolia peacefully transitioned to an independent democracy in 1990. In 1992, it adopted a new constitution and established a free market economy. Since the country's transition, it has conducted six presidential and eight legislative elections as of 2020. Throughout the period, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP) and several other smaller parties, including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In the 2016 parliamentary elections, the MPP won overwhelming control of the Parliament over the DP, which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of the Parliament in the preceding years. Mongolians elected a DP member, Khaltmaa BATTULGA, as president in 2017. The June 2020 parliamentary elections left the MPP with continued dominant control of the parliament. Mongolia maintains close cultural, political, and military ties with Russia while China is its largest economic partner. Mongolia’s foreign relations are focused on preserving its autonomy by balancing relations with China and Russia, as well as its other major partners, Japan, South Korea, and the US.
Foreign direct investment in Mongolia's extractive industries – which are based on extensive deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten - has transformed Mongolia's landlocked economy from its traditional dependence on herding and agriculture. Exports now account for more than 40% of GDP. Mongolia depends on China for more than 60% of its external trade - China receives some 90% of Mongolia's exports and supplies Mongolia with more than one-third of its imports. Mongolia also relies on Russia for 90% of its energy supplies, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant.
Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction, and natural disasters, as well as strong economic growth, because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes.
Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008, Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine, among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However, a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI, and a slowing economy, leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister Norovyn ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014, and falling to the 2% level in 2015. Growth rebounded from a brief 1.6% contraction in the third quarter of 2016 to 5.8% during the first three quarters of 2017, largely due to rising commodity prices.
The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 stemmed the loss of investor confidence. The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority, but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large drop-off in foreign direct investment, mounting external debt, and a sizeable budget deficit. Mongolia secured a $5.5 billion financial assistance package from the IMF and a host of international creditors in May 2017, which is expected to improve Mongolia’s long-term fiscal and economic stability as long as Ulaanbaatar can advance the agreement’s difficult contingent reforms, such as consolidating the government’s off-balance sheet liabilities and rehabilitating the Mongolian banking sector.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$39.723 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$37.774 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$35.222 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -637,6 +649,21 @@ "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$12,317 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$11,916 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$11,312 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$11.14 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -656,44 +683,6 @@ "text": "B (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$39.723 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$37.774 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$35.222 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.14 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,317 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,916 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$11,312 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "12.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -725,20 +714,6 @@ "text": "-57.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "67.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "60.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, goat milk, potatoes, mutton, sheep milk, beef, goat meat, horse meat, carrots/turnips" }, @@ -797,9 +772,6 @@ "text": "3.681 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -811,6 +783,9 @@ "text": "90% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1049,13 +1024,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "15 (2017)" + "text": "15" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "3 (2017)" @@ -1063,16 +1038,16 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "29 (2013)" + "text": "29" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "24 (2013)" + "text": "24" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index d8a7f8b5..ec5b6f4d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The adoption of Islam in the 14th century saw the rise of a number of powerful sultanates on the Malay Peninsula and island of Borneo. The Portuguese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th century were the first European colonial powers to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and Southeast Asia. However, it was the British who ultimately secured their hegemony across the territory and during the late 18th and 19th centuries established colonies and protectorates in the area that is now Malaysia. These holdings were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's withdrawal in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister MAHATHIR and a newly-formed coalition of opposition parties defeated Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak's United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in May 2018, ending over 60 years of uninterrupted rule by UMNO. MAHATHIR resigned in February 2020 amid a political dispute. King ABDULLAH then selected Tan Sri MUHYIDDIN Yassin as the new prime minister.
" + "text": "Malaysia’s location has long made it an important cultural, economic, historical, social, and trade link between the islands of Southeast Asia and the mainland. Through the Strait of Malacca, which separates the Malay Peninsula from the archipelago, flowed maritime trade and with it influences from China, India, the Middle East, and the east coast of Africa. Prior to the 14th century, several powerful maritime empires existed in what is modern-day Malaysia, including the Srivijayan, which controlled much of the southern part of the peninsula between the 7th and 13th centuries, and the Majapahit Empire, which took control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago between the 13th and 14th centuries. The adoption of Islam between the 13th and 17th centuries also saw the rise of a number of powerful maritime states and sultanates on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo, such as the port city of Malacca (Melaka), which at its height in the 15th century had a navy and hosted thousands of Chinese, Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants.
The Portuguese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th century were the first European colonial powers to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and Southeast Asia. However, it was the British who ultimately secured their hegemony across the territory and during the late 18th and 19th centuries established colonies and protectorates in the area that is now Malaysia. These holdings were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's expulsion in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister MAHATHIR and a newly-formed coalition of opposition parties defeated Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak's United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in May 2018, ending over 60 years of uninterrupted rule by UMNO. MAHATHIR resigned in February 2020 amid a political dispute. King ABDULLAH then selected Tan Sri MUHYIDDIN Yassin as the new prime minister.
Philippines: assessed to occupy 9 features (Commodore Reef, Second Thomas Shoal, Flat Island, Loaita Cay, Loaita Island, Nanshan Island, Northeast Cay, Thitu Island, and West York Island); Thitu Island has the only Philippine airstrip in the Spratlys
Taiwan: maintains an outpost with an airstrip on Itu Aba Island
Vietnam: assessed to occupy about 50 outposts spread across 27 features, including facilities on 21 rocks and reefs in the Spratlys, plus 14 platforms known as “economic, scientific, and technological service stations,” or Dịch vụ-Khoa (DK1), on six underwater banks to the southeast that Vietnam does not consider part of the disputed island chain, although China and Taiwan disagree; Spratly Islands outposts are on Alison Reef, Amboyna Cay, Barque Canada Reef, Central Reef, Collins Reef, Cornwallis South Reef, Discovery Great Reef, East Reef, Grierson Reef, Ladd Reef, Landsdowne Reef, Namyit Island, Pearson Reef, Petley Reef, Sand Cay, Sin Cowe Island, South Reef, Southwest Cay, Spratly Island, Tennent Reef, West Reef; Spratly Island includes an airstrip with aircraft hangers; the six underwater banks with outposts include Vanguard, Rifleman, Prince of Wales, Prince Consort, Grainger, and Alexandra; over the past few years, Vietnam has continued to make modest improvements to its outposts, including defensive positions and infrastructure
Philippines: assessed to occupy 9 features (Commodore Reef, Second Thomas Shoal, Flat Island, Loaita Cay, Loaita Island, Nanshan Island, Northeast Cay, Thitu Island, and West York Island); Thitu Island has the only Philippine airstrip in the Spratlys
Taiwan: maintains an outpost with an airstrip on Itu Aba Island
Vietnam: assessed to occupy about 50 outposts spread across 27 features, including facilities on 21 rocks and reefs in the Spratlys, plus 14 platforms known as “economic, scientific, and technological service stations,” or Dịch vụ-Khoa (DK1), on six underwater banks to the southeast that Vietnam does not consider part of the disputed island chain, although China and Taiwan disagree; Spratly Islands outposts are on Alison Reef, Amboyna Cay, Barque Canada Reef, Central Reef, Collins Reef, Cornwallis South Reef, Discovery Great Reef, East Reef, Grierson Reef, Ladd Reef, Landsdowne Reef, Namyit Island, Pearson Reef, Petley Reef, Sand Cay, Sin Cowe Island, South Reef, Southwest Cay, Spratly Island, Tennent Reef, West Reef; Spratly Island includes an airstrip with aircraft hangers; the six underwater banks with outposts include Vanguard, Rifleman, Prince of Wales, Prince Consort, Grainger, and Alexandra; over the past few years, Vietnam has continued to make modest improvements to its outposts, including defensive positions and infrastructure
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of littoral states and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; an emerging threat area lies in the Celebes and Sulu Seas between the Philippines and Malaysia where three ships were attacked in 2020; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargoes stolen
" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951
as of late 2020, the AFP's primary operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which is active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanaothe US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951; the Philippines has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
as of 2021, the AFP's primary operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which was active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanaoas of 2021, the Singapore Armed Forces were widely viewed as the best equipped in southeast Asia; the Army was largely based on conscripts and reservists with a small cadre of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy were primarily comprised of well-trained professionals
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 55a8bfee..e1f4c8b2 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. After the Japanese invaded Thailand in 1941, the government split into a pro-Japan faction and a pro-Ally faction backed by the King. Following the war, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government.
In early May 2014, after months of large-scale anti-government protests in Bangkok beginning in November 2013, YINGLAK was removed from office by the Constitutional Court and in late May 2014 the Royal Thai Army, led by Royal Thai Army Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, staged a coup against the caretaker government. PRAYUT was appointed prime minister in August 2014. PRAYUT also serves as the head of the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), a military-affiliated body that oversees the interim government. This body created several interim institutions to promote reform and draft a new constitution, which was passed in a national referendum in August 2016. In late 2017, PRAYUT announced elections would be held by November 2018; he has subsequently suggested they might occur in February 2019. As of mid-December 2018, a previoulsy held ban on campaigning and political activity has been lifted and per parliamentary laws, an election must be held within 150 days. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in October 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun, ascended the throne in December 2016. He signed the new constitution in April 2017. Thailand has also experienced violence associated with the ethno-nationalist insurgency in its southern Malay-Muslim majority provinces. Since January 2004, thousands have been killed and wounded in the insurgency.
" + "text": "Two unified Thai kingdoms emerged in the mid-13th century. The Sukhothai, located in the south-central plains, gained its independence from the Khmer empire to the east. By the late 13th century, Sukhothai’s territory extended into present-day Burma and Laos. Sukhotai lasted until the mid-15th century. The Thai Lan Na kingdom was established in the north with its capital at Chang Mai. Lan Na was conquered by the Burmese in the 16th century. The Ayutthaya kingdom (14th-18th centuries) succeeded the Sukhothai and would become known as the Siamese Kingdom. During the Ayutthaya period, the Thai/Siamese peoples consolidated their hold on what is present-day central and north-central Thailand. Following a military defeat at the hands of the Burmese in 1767, the Siamese Kingdom rose to new heights under the military ruler TAKSIN, who defeated the Burmese occupiers and expanded the kingdom’s territory into modern-day northern Thailand (formerly the Lan Na kingdom), Cambodia, Laos, and the Malay Peninsula. The kingdom fought off additional Burmese invasions and raids in the late 1700s and early 1800s. In the mid-1800s, Western pressure led to Siam signing trade treaties that reduced the country’s sovereignty and independence. In the 1890s and 1900s, the British and French forced the kingdom to cede Cambodian, Laotian, and Malay territories that had been under Siamese control.
A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. After the Japanese invaded Thailand in 1941, the government split into a pro-Japan faction and a pro-Ally faction backed by the king. Following the war, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government.
In early May 2014, after months of large-scale anti-government protests in Bangkok beginning in November 2013, YINGLAK was removed from office by the Constitutional Court and in late May 2014 the Royal Thai Army, led by Royal Thai Army Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, staged a coup against the caretaker government. PRAYUT was appointed prime minister in August 2014. Since then, the military-affiliated National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), led by PRAYUT, has ruled the country. This body drafted a new constitution guaranteeing military sway over Thai politics, which was passed in a national referendum in August 2016. The constitution allows the military to select the entire 250-member Senate and requires a joint meeting of the House and Senate to select the prime minister, effectively giving the military a veto over the top executive by controlling 25% of the House. The NCPO has also restricted civil and political rights and suppressed political opponents. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in October 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun (aka King Rama X), ascended the throne in December 2016. He signed the new constitution in April 2017. A long-delayed March 2019 election, disputed and widely viewed as skewed in favor of the party aligned with the military, allowed PRAYUT to continue his premiership. The country experienced large-scale pro-democracy protests in 2020.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore; ideas for the construction of a canal across the Kra Isthmus that would create a bypass to the Strait of Malacca and shorten shipping times around Asia continue to be discussed" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: Salween (271,914 sq km)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation based on lottery (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "including the most recent in 2014, the military has attempted nearly 20 coups since the fall of absolute monarchy in 1932
Thailand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 29e616e8..d5892fd0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries and by the 14th century exported aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. A number of local chiefdoms ruled the island in the early 16th century when Portuguese traders arrived, chiefly attracted by the relative abundance of sandalwood on Timor; by mid century, the Portuguese had colonized the island. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied Portuguese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 people died. In an August 1999 UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. However, in the next three weeks, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese and forced 300,000 people into western Timor as refugees. Most of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly all of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999, Australian-led peacekeeping troops deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state.
In 2006, internal tensions threatened the new nation's security when a military strike led to violence and a breakdown of law and order. At Dili's request, an Australian-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) deployed to Timor-Leste, and the UN Security Council established the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), which included an authorized police presence of over 1,600 personnel. The ISF and UNMIT restored stability, allowing for presidential and parliamentary elections in 2007 in a largely peaceful atmosphere. In February 2008, a rebel group staged an unsuccessful attack against the president and prime minister. The ringleader was killed in the attack, and most of the rebels surrendered in April 2008. Since the attack, the government has enjoyed one of its longest periods of post-independence stability, including successful 2012 elections for both the parliament and president and a successful transition of power in February 2015. In late 2012, the UN Security Council ended its peacekeeping mission in Timor-Leste and both the ISF and UNMIT departed the country. Early parliamentary elections in the spring of 2017 finally produced a majority government after months of impasse. Currently, the government is a coalition of three parties and the president is a member of the opposition party. In 2018 and 2019, this configuration stymied nominations for key ministerial positions and slowed progress on certain policy issues.
" + "text": "Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries and by the 14th century exported aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. A number of local chiefdoms ruled the island in the early 16th century when Portuguese traders arrived, chiefly attracted by the relative abundance of sandalwood on Timor; by mid century, the Portuguese had colonized the island. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied Portuguese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 people died. In an August 1999 UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. However, in the next three weeks, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese and displaced nearly 500,000. Most of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly all of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999, Australian-led peacekeeping troops deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state.
In 2006, internal tensions threatened the new nation's security when a military strike led to violence and a breakdown of law and order. At Dili's request, an Australian-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) deployed to Timor-Leste, and the UN Security Council established the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), which included an authorized police presence of over 1,600 personnel. The ISF and UNMIT restored stability, allowing for presidential and parliamentary elections in 2007 in a largely peaceful atmosphere. In February 2008, a rebel group staged an unsuccessful attack against the president and prime minister. The ringleader was killed in the attack, and most of the rebels surrendered in April 2008. Since the attack, the government has enjoyed one of its longest periods of post-independence stability, including successful 2012 elections for both the parliament and president and a successful transition of power in February 2015. In late 2012, the UN Security Council ended its peacekeeping mission in Timor-Leste and both the ISF and UNMIT departed the country. Early parliamentary elections in the spring of 2017 finally produced a majority government after months of impasse. Currently, the government is a coalition of three parties and the president is a member of the opposition party. In 2018 and 2019, this configuration stymied nominations for key ministerial positions and slowed progress on certain policy issues.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1001,10 +1001,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1012,10 +1012,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 11831f35..5589a859 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -239,6 +239,26 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -866,19 +886,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "35 (2013)" + "text": "35" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -886,10 +906,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -970,10 +990,13 @@ "text": "the Taiwan military has approximately 170,000 active duty troops (90,000 Army; 40,000 Navy, including approximately 10,000 marines; 40,000 Air Force) (2020)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Taiwan military is armed mostly with second-hand weapons and equipment provided by the US; Taiwan also has a domestic defense industry capable of upgrading some weapons systems and building surface naval craft and submarines (2020)" + "text": "the Taiwan military is armed mostly with second-hand weapons and equipment provided by the US; Taiwan also has a domestic defense industry capable of building and upgrading a range of weapons systems, including surface naval craft and submarines (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "starting with those born in 1994, males 18-36 years of age may volunteer for military service or must complete 4 months of compulsory military training (or substitute civil service in some cases); men born before December 1993 are required to complete compulsory service for 1 year (military or civil); men are subject to training recalls up to four times for periods not to exceed 20 days for 8 years after discharge; women may enlist, but are restricted to noncombat roles in most cases; as part of its transition to an all-volunteer military in December 2018, the last cohort of one-year military conscripts completed their service obligations (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the US Taiwan Relations Act of April 1979 states that the US shall provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character and shall maintain the capacity of the US to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or social or economic system, of the people of Taiwan
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 2d80e3bf..a3a82bad 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. It became part of French Indochina in 1887. Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but France continued to rule until its 1954 defeat by communist forces under Ho Chi MINH. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the communist North and anti-communist South. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. Despite the return of peace, for over a decade the country experienced little economic growth because of conservative leadership policies, the persecution and mass exodus of individuals - many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants - and growing international isolation. However, since the enactment of Vietnam's \"doi moi\" (renovation) policy in 1986, Vietnamese authorities have committed to increased economic liberalization and enacted structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The communist leaders maintain tight control on political expression but have demonstrated some modest steps toward better protection of human rights. The country continues to experience small-scale protests, the vast majority connected to either land-use issues, calls for increased political space, or the lack of equitable mechanisms for resolving disputes. The small-scale protests in the urban areas are often organized by human rights activists, but many occur in rural areas and involve various ethnic minorities such as the Montagnards of the Central Highlands, Hmong in the Northwest Highlands, and the Khmer Krom in the southern delta region." + "text": "Ancient Vietnam was centered on the Red River Valley and was under Han Chinese rule until approximately the 10th century. The Ly Dynasty (11th-13th century) ruled the first independent Vietnamese state, which was known as Dai Viet, and established their capital at Thang Long (Hanoi). Under the Tran Dynasty (13th-15th century), Dai Viet forces led by one of Vietnam’s national heroes, TRAN Hang Dao, fought off Mongol invaders in 1279. Following a brief Chinese occupation in the early 1400s, the leader of Vietnamese resistance, LE Thai To, made himself emperor and established the Le Dynasty, which lasted until the late 18th century, although not without decades of political turmoil, civil war, and division. During this period, Dai Viet expanded southward to the Central Highlands and Mekong Delta, reaching the approximate boundaries of modern-day Vietnam by the 1750s. Dai Viet suffered additional civil war and division in the latter half of the 18th century, but was reunited and renamed Vietnam under Emperor NGUYEN Phuc Anh (aka Gia Long) in 1802.Despite some tensions with Beijing, particularly over rival claims in the South China Sea, China remains Vietnam’s most important bi-lateral relationship and is its largest trading partner.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ "text": "13.4% (2017)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1046,16 +1046,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "38 (2013)" + "text": "38" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "13 (2013)" + "text": "13" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "9 (2013)" @@ -1063,13 +1063,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" @@ -1158,6 +1158,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (females eligible for conscription, but in practice only males are drafted); conscription typically takes place twice annually and service obligation is 2 years (Army, Air Defense) and 3 years (Navy and Air Force) (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the PAVN is the military arm of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and responsible to the Central Military Commission (CMC), the highest party organ on military policy; the CMC is led by the CPV General Secretary
as of 2021, Vietnam maintained a security policy of non-alignment, but noted in 2019 that it would consider developing appropriate defense and security relations with other countries depending on circumstances
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 882f34dd..124b31f8 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -320,7 +323,7 @@ "text": "1.5% (2017/18)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -441,6 +444,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,142,964 tons (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -629,6 +635,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania’s economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone.
Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption.
Albania’s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth.
Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania’s three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$39.859 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$38.986 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$37.461 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" @@ -640,6 +658,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$13,965 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$13,601 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$13,037 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$15.273 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -659,44 +692,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$39.859 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$38.986 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$37.461 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$15.273 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,965 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$13,601 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$13,037 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "14% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "21.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -728,20 +723,6 @@ "text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "67.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "96.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "53.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, maize, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, wheat, grapes, cucumbers, onions, apples" }, @@ -801,9 +782,6 @@ "text": "3.874 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -815,6 +793,9 @@ "text": "73.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "27.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1107,11 +1088,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Albanian military was previously equipped with mostly Soviet-era weapons that were sold or destroyed; its inventory now includes a mix of mostly donated and second-hand European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from France, Germany, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Albania officially became a member of NATO in 2009" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age in case of general/partial compulsory mobilization; conscription abolished 2010 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Albania officially became a member of NATO in 2009" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index c57600b9..061b36d7 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -134,6 +134,20 @@ "text": "17.36% (male 7,544/female 7,323) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "46.2 years" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index f5f29419..baf3bff6 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhereAustria is constitutionally non-aligned, but is an EU member and actively participates in EU peacekeeping and crisis management operations under the Common Security and Defense Policy; Austria is not a member of NATO, but joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace framework in 1995 and participates in NATO-led crisis-management and peacekeeping operations; as of 2021, more than 100,000 Austrian military and civilian personnel have taken part in more than 50 international peace support and humanitarian missions since 1960
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/ax.json b/europe/ax.json index 4ca09982..04bf5b91 100644 --- a/europe/ax.json +++ b/europe/ax.json @@ -70,6 +70,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Birth rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -79,14 +93,40 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 3bd9f81b..8dcf4dd3 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ "text": "1% (2014/15)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "6.4% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "26 (2019)" + "text": "26" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "6" @@ -1030,12 +1030,12 @@ "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "8" + "text": "8 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "15 (2013)" + "text": "15" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "15 (2013)" @@ -1120,11 +1120,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 100 Mali (EUTM/MINUSMA); 200 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are comprised of the former Bosnian-Croat Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Vojska Federacije Bosne i Hercegovin, VF) and the Bosnian-Serb Republic of Serbia Army (Vojska Republike Srpske, VRS); the two forces were unified under the 2003 Law on Defense, which also established the country’s Ministry of Defense
Bosnia and Herzegovina joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) program in 2007 and was invited to join NATO’s Membership Action Plan in 2010; as of 2021, NATO maintained a military headquarters in Sarajevo with the mission of assisting Bosnia and Herzegovina with the PfP program and promoting closer integration with NATO, as well as providing logistics and other support to the European Union Force deployed there
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1135,7 +1144,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "66 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 82,381 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 83,028 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index d255a8fe..71350322 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Dnieper (533,966 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -441,6 +444,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "16% (2016 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Dnieper (533,966 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1018,19 +1024,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "33 (2017)" + "text": "33" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "20 (2017)" + "text": "20" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "7 (2017)" @@ -1038,16 +1044,16 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "32 (2013)" + "text": "32" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "28 (2013)" @@ -1119,11 +1125,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Belarus Armed Forces is comprised of Russian-origin equipment; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment, including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2021)" }, - "Military deployments": { - "text": "contributes forces to CSTO's Rapid Reaction Force (2020)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military or alternative service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications, and 24-36 months for alternative service, depending on academic qualifications; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "
Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia is the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism
Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force
Denmark is a member of the EU, but opted out of the EU’s Common Defense and Security Policy, and therefore does not participate in EU military operations or in the cooperation on development and acquisition of military capabilities within the EU framework
the Danish Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, which was established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921
Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO, but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participate in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 6dda8c39..3a54509b 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ "text": "0.4% (2013/15)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Kersti KALJULAID (since 10 October 2016)" + "text": "President Alar KARIS (since 11 October 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Kaja KALLAS (since 26 January 2021)" @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 30-31 August 2021; in a first round of voting on 30 August, parliament failed to elect a president; in a second round on 31 August, the sole candidate, Alar KARIS, received 72 votes of 101 votes (there were 8 blank votes and 21 electors not present); KARIS will be inaugurated on 11 October 2021; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament
" + "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 30-31 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026); in a first round of voting on 30 August, parliament failed to elect a president; in a second round on 31 August, the sole candidate, Alar KARIS, received 72 votes of 101 votes (there were 8 blank votes and 21 electors not present); KARIS was inaugurated on 11 October 2021; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament
" }, "election results": { "text": "Alar KARIS elected president on 31 August 2021; parliament vote-Alar KARIS (independent) 72 of 101 votes; note – KARIS follows Kersti KALJULAID, who was Estonia's first female president; KALLAS is Estonia's first female prime minister
" @@ -1038,16 +1038,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "13 (2017)" + "text": "13" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "8 (2017)" + "text": "8" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1055,13 +1055,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" @@ -1140,11 +1140,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 100 Mali (Operation Barkhane/MINUSMA/EUTM) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Estonia officially became a member of NATO in 2004" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Estonia officially became a member of NATO in 2004since 2017, Estonia has hosted a multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by the UK and had about 800 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021
NATO also has provided air protection for Estonia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft have been hosted at Estonia’s Ämari Air Base since 2014
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 32092c37..b4cbe2f6 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central EuropeChamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party – SPOLU 27.8%, Action of Dissatisfied Persons 27.1%, Pirates and Mayors 15.6%, Freedom and Direct Democracy 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party - Action of Dissatisfied Persons 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and Mayors 37, Freedom and Direct Democracy 20; composition - NA
" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1019,19 +1025,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "41 (2017)" + "text": "41" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "9 (2017)" + "text": "9" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "12 (2017)" + "text": "12" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "16 (2017)" @@ -1039,13 +1045,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "87 (2013)" + "text": "87" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "25 (2013)" + "text": "25" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "61 (2013)" @@ -1113,11 +1119,14 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of European origin; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military equipment to Czechia are Austria and Spain (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Czechia joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance" + "Military deployments": { + "text": "the Czechia military has small numbers of troops deployed under EU, NATO, and UN command in several countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Central African Republic, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, and Mali
" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished 2004 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Czechia joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 01a13f52..2cafcadb 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -1019,19 +1019,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "74 (2017)" + "text": "74" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "26 (2017)" + "text": "26" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "21 (2017)" + "text": "21" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "14 (2017)" @@ -1039,10 +1039,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "74 (2013)" + "text": "74" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "71 (2013)" @@ -1123,6 +1123,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 6-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard, and women may volunteer for service; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 60 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "
Finland is not a member of NATO, but the two actively cooperate in peace-support operations, exercise together, and exchange analysis and information; Finland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Finnish Armed Forces participated in NATO-led military operations and missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq
Finland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and actively participates in CSDP crisis management missions and operations
the Finnish Armed Forces closely cooperate with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 472dd4b1..fc1be784 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -134,6 +134,20 @@ "text": "17.41% (male 4,352/female 4,636) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "37.2 years" @@ -258,6 +272,9 @@ }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "8.2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Environment": { @@ -792,10 +809,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 414ba9f5..0065e780 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "largest West European nation; most major French rivers - the Meuse, Seine, Loire, Charente, Dordogne, and Garonne - flow northward or westward into the Atlantic Ocean, only the Rhone flows southward into the Mediterranean Sea" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Loire (115,282 sq km), Seine 78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Paris Basin" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -329,7 +335,7 @@ "text": "<500 (2019 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 19 July 2021, France has reported a total of 5,753,579 cases of COVID-19 or 8,846.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.92 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 55.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 6 October 2021, France has reported a total of 6,816,783 cases of COVID-19 or 10,481.01 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 176.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 66.20% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "21.6% (2016)" @@ -338,7 +344,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -439,7 +445,7 @@ } }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 19 July 2021, France has reported a total of 5,753,579 cases of COVID-19 or 8,846.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.92 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 55.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 6 October 2021, France has reported a total of 6,816,783 cases of COVID-19 or 10,481.01 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 176.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 66.20% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -451,6 +457,12 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "22.3% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Loire (115,282 sq km), Seine 78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Paris Basin" } }, "Government": { @@ -1052,19 +1064,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "294 (2017)" + "text": "294" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "14 (2017)" + "text": "14" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "25 (2017)" + "text": "25" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "97 (2017)" + "text": "97" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "83 (2017)" + "text": "83" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "75 (2017)" @@ -1072,13 +1084,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "170 (2013)" + "text": "170" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "64 (2013)" + "text": "64" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "105 (2013)" @@ -1176,11 +1188,12 @@ "text": "5,100 Burkina Faso/Chad/Mali/Niger (Operation Barkhane, Task Force Takuba; note - in July 2021, France announced that it would withdraw about 2,000 personnel from this force by the beginning of 2022); approximately 300 Central African Republic; 900 Cote D'Ivoire; 1,400 Djibouti; 300 Baltics (NATO); 2,000 French Guyana; 900 French Polynesia; 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; est. 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 950 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,400-1,500 New Caledonia; 1,700 Reunion Island; 350 Senegal; 650 United Arab Emirates (2020-2021)", "note": "note - France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2001); 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2019)" + "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2001); 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2019)", + "note": "note - men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign 5-year contracts" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structuresin 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance
the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel in eight regiments, a regiment-sized demi-brigade, a battalion-sized overseas detachment, a battalion-sized recruiting group, and a command staff; the combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index ace0ff74..a6d2e1c2 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -118,6 +118,20 @@ "text": "16.7% (male 2,378/female 2,562) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "35.5 years" @@ -708,7 +722,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index ffed4f89..7a57b2ba 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -614,13 +614,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2019)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index cfb66c31..e54d428a 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -323,7 +326,7 @@ "text": "0.5% (2014/17)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -436,6 +439,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "47.8% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -538,10 +544,10 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:the German Army has incorporated a joint Franco-German mechanized infantry brigade since 1989, a Dutch airmobile infantry brigade since 2014, and a Dutch mechanized infantry brigade since 2016; in addition, the German Navy’s Sea Battalion (includes marine infantry, naval divers, reconnaissance, and security forces) has worked closely with the Dutch Marine Corps since 2016, including as a binational amphibious landing group
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 8fb1f59d..6f0e95e7 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1037,19 +1037,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "68 (2017)" + "text": "68" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "15 (2017)" + "text": "15" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "19 (2017)" + "text": "19" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "18 (2017)" + "text": "18" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "10 (2017)" @@ -1057,10 +1057,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "7 (2013)" @@ -1146,11 +1146,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 110 Kosovo (NATO); 150 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Greece joined NATO in 1952" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19-45 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 18 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation is 1 year for the Army and 9 months for the Air Force and Navy; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Greece joined NATO in 1952" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,557 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 1,210,240 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16" + "note": "note: 1,211,465 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 89f26c83..396365a6 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -462,6 +465,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "16.3% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1051,19 +1057,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "24 (2017)" + "text": "24" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "10 (2017)" @@ -1071,13 +1077,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "45 (2013)" + "text": "45" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "38 (2013)" @@ -1152,11 +1158,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Croatian Armed Forces consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years, it has acquired a limited number of more modern weapon systems from some Western suppliers, including Finland, Germany, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Croatia officially became a member of NATO in 2009" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Croatia officially became a member of NATO in 2009" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1167,7 +1173,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,900 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 729,392 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021); flows slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018" + "note": "note: 731,287 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); flows slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primarily a transit country along the Balkan route for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe and other illicit drugs and chemical precursors to and from Western Europe; no significant domestic production of illicit drugs" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 6ab15480..aca786a8 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -317,7 +320,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -452,6 +455,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "25.9% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1034,19 +1040,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "20 (2017)" + "text": "20" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1054,13 +1060,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "21 (2013)" + "text": "21" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "11 (2013)" @@ -1146,11 +1152,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "160 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 150 Iraq (counter-ISIS coalition); 430 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Hungary joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997 and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Hungary joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997 and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index f9400b65..f940c56c 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "text": "last held on 25 September 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - IP 24.4%, PP 17.3%, LGM 12.6%, SDA 9.9%, People's Party 8.8%, Pirate Party 8.6%, Reform Party 8.3%. CP 5.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, SDA 6, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3
" + "text": "percent of vote by party - IP 24.4%, PP 17.3%, LGM 12.6%, SDA 9.9%, People's Party 8.8%, Pirate Party 8.6%, Reform Party 8.3%. CP 5.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, SDA 6, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3; composition - men 33, women 30; percent of women 47.6%
" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1004,13 +1004,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "3 (2017)" @@ -1018,13 +1018,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "89 (2013)" + "text": "89" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "26 (2013)" + "text": "26" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "60 (2013)" @@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ "text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from European suppliers (2020)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)" + "text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 2f415ae6..97d38075 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -133,6 +133,20 @@ "text": "21.08% (male 9,023/female 10,058) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "44.6 years" @@ -377,7 +391,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Richard GOZNEY (since 27 May 2016)" + "text": "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir John LORIMER (since 29 September 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Chief Minister Howard QUAYLE (since 4 October 2016)" @@ -667,10 +681,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Railways": { diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 072288dc..5ff9033d 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 19 July 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,289,528 cases of COVID-19 or 7,192.19 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 214.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 60.61% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,686,109 cases of COVID-19 or 7,857.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 219.84 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 75.36% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.9% (2016)" @@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -443,7 +446,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 19 July 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,289,528 cases of COVID-19 or 7,192.19 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 214.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 60.61% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,686,109 cases of COVID-19 or 7,857.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 219.84 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 75.36% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -455,6 +458,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "25.9% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -586,7 +592,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Maurizio GREGANTI, Minister (since 15 June 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Mariangela ZAPPIA (since 15 September 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3000 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -1047,19 +1053,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "98 (2017)" + "text": "98" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "9 (2017)" + "text": "9" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "31 (2017)" + "text": "31" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "18 (2017)" + "text": "18" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "29 (2017)" + "text": "29" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "11 (2017)" @@ -1067,13 +1073,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "31 (2013)" + "text": "31" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "20 (2013)" @@ -1162,11 +1168,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "120 Djibouti; 1,100 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, counter-ISIS campaign, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 630 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 200 Latvia (NATO); 1,200 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Italy is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 1-year service obligation; conscription abolished 2004 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Italy is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949
Italy is an active participant in EU, NATO, UN, and other multinational military, security, and humanitarian operations abroad; as of 2021, it hosted the headquarters for the EU’s Mediterranean naval operations force (EUNAVFOR-MED) in Rome and the US Navy’s 6th Fleet in Naples; Italy was admitted to the UN in 1955 and in 1960 participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission, the UN Operation in Congo (ONUC); since 1960, it has committed more than 60,000 troops to UN missions, and as of 2021, was the top supplier of military and police forces among Western and EU nations to UN peacekeeping operations; since 2006, Italy has hosted a training center in Vicenza for police personnel destined for peacekeeping missions
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1185,7 +1191,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 567,404 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 571,601 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 500c5ff3..5562b6de 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -683,10 +683,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/europe/jn.json b/europe/jn.json index f322dfee..c9ad37ae 100644 --- a/europe/jn.json +++ b/europe/jn.json @@ -108,6 +108,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Birth rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -117,11 +131,40 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { @@ -180,7 +223,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 5227df5e..3e0dd286 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -137,6 +140,20 @@ "text": "7.75% (male 63,943/female 85,940) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "30.5 years" @@ -217,6 +234,26 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -296,6 +333,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "319,000 tons (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -844,7 +884,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2019)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -853,12 +893,12 @@ "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" @@ -914,11 +954,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; as of 2021, it numbered about 3,500 troops; KFOR also assists in developing the Kosovo Security Force" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSFsince 2017, Latvia has hosted a multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by Canada and had about 1,500 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021
NATO also has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index c3eb0e4a..9fd1a4af 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1037,19 +1037,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "22 (2017)" + "text": "22" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "9 (2017)" @@ -1057,13 +1057,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "39 (2013)" + "text": "39" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "36 (2013)" @@ -1147,11 +1147,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Lithuania officially became a member of NATO in 2004" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19-26 years of age for conscripted military service (males); 9-month service obligation; in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; 18-38 for voluntary service (male and female) (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Lithuania officially became a member of NATO in 2004since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by Germany and had about 1,250 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021
NATO also has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 4e296094..2c6d9e05 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "19 (2019)" + "text": "19" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "2" @@ -1016,18 +1016,18 @@ "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "9" + "text": "9 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "15 (2019)" + "text": "15" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "5" + "text": "5 (2019)" } }, "Heliports": { @@ -1094,11 +1094,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 175 Latvia (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2004; women are eligible to serve (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index ad3b83c7..3cd7e91b 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -137,6 +137,20 @@ "text": "18.88% (male 3,403/female 3,986) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "43.7 years" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 95520a9b..1be21e82 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -999,15 +999,15 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1076,11 +1076,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of Luxembourg's Army is a small mix of European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received small quantities of equipment from Germany, Norway, and Sweden (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Luxembourg is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 1969); Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Luxembourg is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index 0394b6c8..a38b5c38 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "text": "2.2% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "6.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -625,6 +625,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, wheat, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.2 billion - almost 15% of GDP - from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Israel, Russia, and elsewhere.
With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $6 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. In 2018, Moldova awarded a tender to Romanian Transgaz to construct a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers. Moldova also seeks to connect with the European power grid by 2022.
The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2017, largely driven by increased consumption, increased revenue from agricultural exports, and improved tax collection. During fall 2014, Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU (AA/DCFTA), connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. The EU AA/DCFTA has contributed to significant growth in Moldova’s exports to the EU. In 2017, the EU purchased over 65% of Moldova’s exports, a major change from 20 years previously when the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) received over 69% of Moldova’s exports. A $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; the subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu and a minor recession. Moldova’s growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption, which limits business growth and deters foreign investment, and Russian restrictions on imports of Moldova’s agricultural products. The government’s push to restore stability and implement meaningful reform led to the approval in 2016 of a $179 million three-year IMF program focused on improving the banking and fiscal environments, along with additional assistance programs from the EU, World Bank, and Romania. Moldova received two IMF tranches in 2017, totaling over $42.5 million.
Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, energy import dependence, Russian political and economic pressure, heavy dependence on agricultural exports, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$34.68 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$33.482 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$32.101 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -636,6 +648,21 @@ "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$13,050 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,373 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$11,651 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$11.982 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "4.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -652,44 +679,6 @@ "text": "B3 (2010)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$34.68 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$33.482 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$32.101 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.982 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,050 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,373 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$11,651 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "17.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -721,20 +710,6 @@ "text": "-70.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "74.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "95.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "92.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, wheat, sunflower seed, grapes, apples, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, barley, plums/sloes" }, @@ -794,9 +769,6 @@ }, "note": "note: National Public Budget" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -808,6 +780,9 @@ "text": "35.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1043,13 +1018,13 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "2 (2017)" @@ -1057,10 +1032,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1132,6 +1107,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Moldova is constitutionally neutral, but has maintained a relationship with NATO since 1992; bilateral cooperation started when Moldova joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Moldova has contributed small numbers of troops to NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) since 2014, and a civilian NATO liaison office was established in Moldova in 2017 at the request of the Moldovan Government to promote practical cooperation and facilitate support
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 93c64d5e..12f9e219 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location along the Adriatic coast" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -464,6 +467,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "5.4% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1039,7 +1045,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "5 (2019)" + "text": "5" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { "text": "2" @@ -1048,7 +1054,7 @@ "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1" @@ -1117,11 +1123,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Armed Forces of Montenegro is small and consists mostly of equipment inherited from the former Yugoslavia military, with a limited mix of other imported systems; since 2010, it has received small quantities of equipment from Austria, Turkey, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Montenegro officially became a member of NATO in 2017" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2006 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Montenegro officially became a member of NATO in 2017" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1134,7 +1140,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "472 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 19,887 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 20,220 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 5dc9c344..705a3c14 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -439,6 +442,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "0.2% (2013 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -627,6 +633,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law.
Macedonia’s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics.
Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece.
Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$34.333 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$33.268 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$32.331 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0% (2017 est.)" @@ -638,6 +656,21 @@ "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$16,479 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$15,972 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$15,529 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.696 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -657,44 +690,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2013)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$34.333 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$33.268 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$32.331 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.696 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$16,479 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,972 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$15,529 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "31.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "32.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "31.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -726,20 +721,6 @@ "text": "-69% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "93.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "66 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, grapes, wheat, potatoes, green chillies/peppers, cabbages, tomatoes, maize, barley, watermelons" }, @@ -798,9 +779,6 @@ "text": "3.605 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -813,6 +791,9 @@ }, "note": "note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1025,10 +1006,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "8 (2017)" + "text": "8" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "6 (2017)" @@ -1036,10 +1017,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1096,11 +1077,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of North Macedonia's Army consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, it has received small amounts of equipment from Ireland and Turkey (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "North Macedonia officially became the 30th member of NATO in 2020" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2007 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "North Macedonia officially became the 30th member of NATO in 2020" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1117,7 +1098,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "558 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 519,001 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)" + "note": "note: 520,750 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement" diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 1961e3f9..44730b69 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -142,6 +142,20 @@ "text": "35.15% (male 4,817/female 6,057) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "55.4 years" @@ -280,7 +294,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 25308c8f..111d98ae 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1014,10 +1014,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Heliports": { @@ -1086,6 +1086,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Malta maintains a security policy of neutrality, but contributes to EU and UN military missions and joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1995 (suspended in 1996, but reactivated in 2008); it also participates in various bilateral and multinational military exercises; Malta cooperates closely with Italy on defense matters; in 1973, Italy established a military mission in Malta to provide advice, training, and search and rescue assistance
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1096,7 +1099,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "11 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 7,751 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-August 2021)" + "note": "note: 7,751 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 3ae56078..1c2d5643 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde); about a quarter of the country lies below sea level and only about half of the land exceeds one meter above sea level" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -323,7 +326,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -436,6 +439,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "24.6% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1028,19 +1034,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "23 (2017)" + "text": "23" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "11 (2017)" + "text": "11" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2017)" @@ -1048,10 +1054,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -1134,11 +1140,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "270 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the Netherlands is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949
since 1973, the Dutch Marine Corps has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force
a Dutch Army airmobile infantry brigade and a mechanized infantry brigade have been integrated into the German Army since 2014 and 2016 respectively
the Norwegian Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 944eb8a4..c2d2f2be 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ "text": "0.7% (2010/12)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -653,6 +653,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government’s loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth.
The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government’s ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU’s 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland’s economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending.
Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,261,433,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,206,640,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,145,323,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.55% (2019 est.)" @@ -664,6 +676,21 @@ "text": "4.83% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$33,221 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$31,775 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$30,160 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -686,44 +713,6 @@ "text": "A- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,261,433,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,206,640,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,145,323,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$33,221 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,775 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$30,160 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "20.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -755,20 +744,6 @@ "text": "-49.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye" }, @@ -827,9 +802,6 @@ "text": "216.2 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -842,6 +814,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1074,19 +1049,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "87 (2017)" + "text": "87" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "30 (2017)" + "text": "30" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "36 (2017)" + "text": "36" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "6 (2017)" @@ -1094,13 +1069,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "39 (2013)" + "text": "39" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "17 (2013)" + "text": "17" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "21 (2013)" @@ -1193,11 +1168,11 @@ "text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (June 2021)", "note": "note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliancesince 2017, Poland has hosted a multi-national NATO battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by the US and had about 1,000 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 739179a5..2b371c26 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ "text": "0.4% (2015/16)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -641,6 +641,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members.
The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013.
The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$358.344 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$350.507 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$340.796 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" @@ -652,6 +664,21 @@ "text": "3.51% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$34,894 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$34,083 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$33,086 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$237.698 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -674,44 +701,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$358.344 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$350.507 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$340.796 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$237.698 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$34,894 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$34,083 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$33,086 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -743,20 +732,6 @@ "text": "-42.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "90.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, potatoes, pork, apples, oranges, poultry" }, @@ -815,9 +790,6 @@ "text": "100 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -830,6 +802,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1062,19 +1037,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "43 (2017)" + "text": "43" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "8 (2017)" + "text": "8" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "15 (2017)" + "text": "15" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "8 (2017)" @@ -1082,10 +1057,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "21 (2013)" + "text": "21" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "20 (2013)" @@ -1173,11 +1148,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index e29fa401..1e152880 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ "text": "1% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1038,16 +1038,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "2 (2017)" @@ -1055,13 +1055,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "10 (2013)" + "text": "10" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2013)" @@ -1134,6 +1134,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2011 (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Serbia does not aspire to join NATO, but has cooperated with the Alliance since 2006 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1150,7 +1153,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,144 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 791,850 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021" + "note": "note: 794,042 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 0b1a12f8..f021cacf 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -452,6 +455,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1037,16 +1043,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "26 (2017)" + "text": "26" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "11 (2017)" + "text": "11" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1054,10 +1060,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "19 (2013)" + "text": "19" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "14 (2013)" @@ -1144,11 +1150,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Romania officially became a member of NATO in 2004" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "conscription ended 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Romania officially became a member of NATO in 2004" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1165,7 +1171,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "275 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 8,184 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)" + "note": "note: 8,368 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index d9cfd4ce..35ea6646 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -441,6 +444,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "46.4% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1025,7 +1031,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "9 (2020)" + "text": "9" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "1" @@ -1037,18 +1043,18 @@ "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "3" + "text": "3 (2020)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2020)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "3" + "text": "3 (2020)" } }, "Pipelines": { @@ -1117,11 +1123,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "230 Kosovo (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Slovenia officially became a member of NATO in 2004" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Slovenia officially became a member of NATO in 2004" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1132,7 +1138,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 523,999 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)" + "note": "note: 525,153 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 2a4bd9aa..a6a3f045 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -132,6 +132,20 @@ "text": "20.24% (male 3,123/female 3,805) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "45.2 years" @@ -258,7 +272,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "total population": { @@ -442,7 +456,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Giancarlo VENTURINI and Captain Regent Marco NICOLINI (for the period 1 April 2021 - 1 October 2021)" + "text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Francesco MUSSONI and Captain Regent Giacomo SIMONCINI (for the period 1 October 2021 - 1 April 2022)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)" @@ -451,10 +465,10 @@ "text": "Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2020 (next to be held in September 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)" + "text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2021 (next to be held in March 2022); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Alessandro MANCINI (PSD) and Grazia ZAFFERANI (RETE Movement) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA" + "text": "Francesco MUSSONI (PDCS) and Giacomo SIMONCINI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA" }, "note": "note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles" }, @@ -815,11 +829,11 @@ "Military and security forces": { "text": "No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings); the Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 768a03f3..64ce46b4 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 6 October 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,967,200 cases of COVID-19 or 10,494.24 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 183 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 80.73% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.8% (2016)" @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 6 October 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,967,200 cases of COVID-19 or 10,494.24 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 183 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 80.73% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "102 (2020)" + "text": "102" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "18" @@ -1070,18 +1070,18 @@ "text": "26" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "23" + "text": "23 (2020)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "33 (2020)" + "text": "33" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "14" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "19" + "text": "19 (2020)" } }, "Heliports": { @@ -1170,11 +1170,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 200 Iraq (training mission, counter-ISIS coalition); 350 Latvia (NATO); 625 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 400 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Spain joined NATO in 1982, but refrained from participating in the integrated military structure until 1996" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3 year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat units; no conscription (abolished 2001), but Spanish Government retains right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Spain joined NATO in 1982, but refrained from participating in the integrated military structure until 1996the Spanish Marine Corps, established in 1537, is the oldest marine corps in the world
" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,914 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 194,432 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 196,402 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index cef7dab8..6b445674 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -119,6 +119,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.03% (2019 est.)" }, @@ -165,6 +179,26 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -392,15 +426,15 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2013)" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 916c5d74..81e1210e 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -1008,19 +1008,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "149 (2013)" + "text": "149" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "12 (2013)" + "text": "12" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "75 (2013)" + "text": "75" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "22 (2013)" + "text": "22" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "37 (2013)" @@ -1028,10 +1028,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "82 (2013)" + "text": "82" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "77 (2013)" @@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies; approximately 16,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); 22,000 Home Guard (2021)" + "text": "information varies; approximately 16,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); approximately 22,000 Home Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden, followed by France and Germany; Sweden's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, and naval systems (2020)" @@ -1118,6 +1118,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both female and male (age 18), and requires 9-12 months of service (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Sweden maintains a policy of military non-alignment, but cooperates with NATO and regional countries; it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and is one of the Alliance’s most active partners, contributing to recent NATO-led missions in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo
the Swedish military cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and contributes to CSDP missions and operations
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 526e0281..199cae5a 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -427,6 +430,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "32% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1016,19 +1022,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "40 (2013)" + "text": "40" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "12 (2013)" + "text": "12" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "17 (2013)" @@ -1036,7 +1042,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "23 (2013)" + "text": "23" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "23 (2013)" @@ -1117,6 +1123,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age generally for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 245 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by six 19-day intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Switzerland has long maintained a policy of military neutrality, but does occasionally participate in EU, NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and UN military operations; Swiss law excludes participation in combat operations for peace enforcement, and Swiss units will only participate in operations under the mandate of the UN or OSCE; Switzerland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1996; it contributed to the NATO-led Kosovo peace-support force (KFOR) in 1999 and as of 2021, continued doing so with about 165 personnel; Switzerland also provided a small number of staff officers to the NATO mission in Afghanistan from 2004-2007
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 3d36356b..42271790 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 19 July 2021, the UK has reported a total of 5,473,481 cases of COVID-19 or 8,062.75 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 189.62 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 66.22% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 6 October 2021, the UK has reported a total of 7,967,989 cases of COVID-19 or 11,737.31 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 202.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 71.89% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "27.8% (2016)" @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 19 July 2021, the UK has reported a total of 5,473,481 cases of COVID-19 or 8,062.75 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 189.62 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 66.22% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 6 October 2021, the UK has reported a total of 7,967,989 cases of COVID-19 or 11,737.31 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 202.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 71.89% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -1035,19 +1035,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "271 (2013)" + "text": "271" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "29 (2013)" + "text": "29" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "89 (2013)" + "text": "89" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "80 (2013)" + "text": "80" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "66 (2013)" @@ -1055,13 +1055,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "189 (2013)" + "text": "189" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "26 (2013)" + "text": "26" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "160 (2013)" @@ -1153,11 +1153,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 830 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK withdrew all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,400 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approx. 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; conscription abolished in 1963 (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for UK-French bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance
in 2014, the UK led the formation of the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF), a pool of high-readiness military forces from Baltic and Scandinavian countries able to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict; its principal geographic area of interest is the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions, where the JEF can complement national capabilities or NATO’s deterrence posture, although it is designed to be flexible and prepared to respond to humanitarian crises further afield; the JEF consists of 10 countries (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK) and was declared operational in 2018; most of the forces in the pool are British, and the UK provides the most rapidly deployable units as well as the command and control elements
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 910b8343..a5d84080 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), Don (458,694 sq km), Dnieper (533,966 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -449,6 +452,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), Don (458,694 sq km), Dnieper (533,966 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -498,7 +504,7 @@ "note": "note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); plans include the eventual renaming of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts, but because these names are mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, the change will require a constitutional amendment\r\nsince 2014, the Ukrainian military has undertaken considerable efforts to improve its capabilities; it has sought to implement reforms in line with NATO standards, improve individual and unit training, revise doctrine, upgrade arms and equipment, streamline command and control, reduce reliance on conscripts, and expand elite units such as the Air Assault and Special Operations Forces; the military also has received considerable assistance and material support from NATO and the US
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 0bc8ff27..a60e09f1 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -117,6 +117,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0% (2014 est.)" }, @@ -474,11 +488,11 @@ "Military and security forces": { "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia); the Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City (Corpo della Gendarmeriais) is a police force that helps augment the Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps during the Pope’s appearances, as well as providing general security, traffic direction, and investigative duties for the Vatican City State (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps: 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be Roman Catholic, a single male, and a Swiss citizen, with a secondary education; service is for 26 months (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 256524d6..bd54a18b 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ "text": "100 <100 (2020)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 April 2021, UAE has reported a total of 472,148 cases of COVID-19 or 4,773.8 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 15.29 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 23 February 2021, 35.2% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 October 2021, UAE has reported a total of 737,073 cases of COVID-19 or 7,452.41 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 21.27 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 93.95% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "31.7% (2016)" @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ } }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 April 2021, UAE has reported a total of 472,148 cases of COVID-19 or 4,773.8 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 15.29 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 23 February 2021, 35.2% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout UAE; as of 6 October 2021, UAE has reported a total of 737,073 cases of COVID-19 or 7,452.41 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 21.27 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 93.95% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -1010,19 +1010,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "25 (2013)" + "text": "25" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "12 (2013)" + "text": "12" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -1030,19 +1030,19 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "18 (2013)" + "text": "18" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "6 (2013)" @@ -1114,6 +1114,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 17 years of age for male volunteers with parental approval; 24-month general service obligation, 16 months for secondary school graduates; women can volunteer to serve for 9 months regardless of education (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "in 2015, UAE intervened militarily in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition in support of the Republic of Yemen Government with about 3,500 troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a small military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC); as of 2021, UAE had recruited, trained, and equipped an estimated 150-200,000 Yemeni fighters and formed them into dozens of militia and paramilitary units
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 755fa531..9ab696d9 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ "text": "4.9% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1017,19 +1017,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "30 (2017)" + "text": "30" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "13 (2017)" + "text": "13" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "3 (2017)" @@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "7 (2013)" @@ -1106,11 +1106,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "120 Afghanistan (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 3a08fb1e..a1e1d931 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "text": "2.6% (2015/16)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2020)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -618,6 +618,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region.
Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan.
Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$40.384 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$37.531 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$35.676 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -629,6 +641,21 @@ "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$13,654 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,715 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$12,115 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -648,44 +675,6 @@ "text": "Ba3 (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$40.384 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$37.531 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$35.676 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,654 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,715 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$12,115 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "10.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -717,20 +706,6 @@ "text": "-50.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "74.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "96.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "91.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "69.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley" }, @@ -789,9 +764,6 @@ "text": "3.192 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -803,6 +775,9 @@ "text": "51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1023,16 +998,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "10 (2017)" + "text": "10" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "4 (2017)" + "text": "4" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "2 (2017)" @@ -1040,7 +1015,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1097,14 +1072,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Armenian Armed Forces includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, almost all of Armenia's weapons imports have come from Russia (2020)" }, - "Military deployments": { - "text": "120 Afghanistan (NATO); contributes troops to CSTO's Rapid Reaction Force (2021)" - }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation, which can be served as an officer upon deferment for university studies if enrolled in officer-producing program; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting endedas of 2021, Bahrain hosted the US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT; established 1983), which included the US 5th Fleet, several subordinate naval task forces, and the Combined Maritime Forces (established 2002), a coalition of more than 30 nations providing maritime security for regional shipping lanes; in 2018, the UK opened a naval support base in Bahrain
Bahrain has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its electricity needs.
Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods.
Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment, remittances, and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sank to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-17, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment remains persistently high.
The country is pinning its hopes for faster growth on a continued effort to build up infrastructure, enhance support for entrepreneurship, simplify regulations, and improve professional education, in order to attract foreign investment and boost employment, with a focus on transportation projects, tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Georgia had historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia concluded an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. In 2017, Georgia signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China as part of Tbilisi’s efforts to diversify its economic ties. Georgia is seeking to develop its Black Sea ports to further facilitate East-West trade.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$55.776 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$53.129 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$50.662 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "5% (2017 est.)" @@ -638,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "2.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,992 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$14,257 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$13,590 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "4.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -660,44 +687,6 @@ "text": "BB (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$55.776 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$53.129 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$50.662 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,992 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,257 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$13,590 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -729,20 +718,6 @@ "text": "-62.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "83.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "99.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "90.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "75 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, grapes, maize, potatoes, wheat, watermelons, tomatoes, tangerines/mandarins, barley, apples" }, @@ -798,9 +773,6 @@ "text": "4.925 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -813,6 +785,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1039,19 +1014,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "18 (2017)" + "text": "18" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "5 (2017)" + "text": "5" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2017)" @@ -1059,13 +1034,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1134,11 +1109,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Georgian Defense Forces are equipped mostly with older Russian and Soviet-era weapons; since 2010, it has received limited quantities of equipment from Bulgaria, France, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "Georgia does not have any military stationed in the separatist territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, but approximately 7-10,000 Russian troops have been stationed in these regions since the 2008 Russia-Georgia War (2020)" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "conscription abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017; 18 to 27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "as of 2021, Georgia did not have any military stationed in the separatist territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, but approximately 7-10,000 Russian troops have been stationed in these regions since the 2008 Russia-Georgia War" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 0f810813..2d24e6fe 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ "note": "note: estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)", + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2018)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, "Literacy": { @@ -663,10 +663,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" }, "note": "note - non-operational" }, diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index d06c0344..d79386fd 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever" }, - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 20 July 2021, Iran has reported a total of 3,548,704 cases of COVID-19 or 4,225 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 104.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 6.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Iran has reported a total of 5,651,961 cases of COVID-19 or 6,729.09 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 144.73 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 27 September 2021, 42.69% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "25.8% (2016)" @@ -331,7 +334,7 @@ "text": "4.1% (2010/11)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -458,7 +461,7 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever" }, - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 20 July 2021, Iran has reported a total of 3,548,704 cases of COVID-19 or 4,225 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 104.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 6.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Iran has reported a total of 5,651,961 cases of COVID-19 or 6,729.09 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 144.73 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 27 September 2021, 42.69% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -470,6 +473,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "5% (2017 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1005,7 +1011,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "140 (2019)" + "text": "140" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "42" @@ -1020,24 +1026,24 @@ "text": "36" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "7" + "text": "7 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "179 (2013)" + "text": "179" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "135 (2013)" + "text": "135" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "32 (2013)" @@ -1129,6 +1135,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation is 18-24 months; women exempt from military service (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was formed in May 1979 in the immediate aftermath of Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI’s fall, as leftists, nationalists, and Islamists jockeyed for power; while the interim prime minister controlled the government and state institutions, such as the Army, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI organized counterweights, including the IRGC, to protect the Islamic revolution; the IRGC’s command structure bypassed the elected president and went directly to KHOMEINI; the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) transformed the IRGC into more of a conventional fighting force with its own ground, air, naval, and special forces, plus control over Iran’s strategic missile and rocket forces; as of 2021, the IRGC was a highly institutionalized and parallel military force to Iran’s regular armed forces (Artesh); it was heavily involved in internal security and had significant influence in the political and economic spheres of Iranian society, as well as Iran’s foreign policy; its special operations forces, known as the Qods Force, specialized in foreign missions and has provided advice, funding, guidance, material support, training, and weapons to militants in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, as well as extremist groups, including HAMAS, Hizballah, Kata’ib Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad (see Appendix-T for additional details on the IRGC and Qods Force)
the Supreme Council for National Security (SCNS) is the senior-most body for formulating Iran’s foreign and security policy; it is formally chaired by the president, who also appoints the SCNS secretary; its members include the speaker of the Majles, the head of the judiciary, the chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (chief of defense or CHOD), the commanders of the Artesh (regular forces) and IRGC, and the ministers of defense, foreign affairs, interior, and intelligence; the SCNS reports to the supreme leader; the supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 3b5e89de..628ab259 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "33 (2019)" + "text": "33" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "3" @@ -1065,18 +1065,18 @@ "text": "12" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "8" + "text": "8 (2019)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "9 (2020)" + "text": "9" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "6" + "text": "6 (2013)" } }, "Heliports": { @@ -1146,11 +1146,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the majority of the IDF's inventory is comprised of weapons that are domestically-produced or imported from Europe and the US; since 2010, the US is by far the leading supplier of arms to Israel, followed by Germany; Israel has a broad defense industrial base that can develop, produce, support, and sustain a wide variety of weapons systems for both domestic use and export, particularly armored vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, air defense, and guided missiles (2021)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of July 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnel" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druze) military service; 17 years of age for voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 32 months for enlisted men and about 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation), 48 months for officers; pilots commit to 9-year service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of August 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnelas of 2021 and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Israel has routinely carried out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian, Iranian-backed militia and Hizballah forces, and some Syrian Government troops; over the same period, the IDF has carried out numerous strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; Israel fought a month-long war in Lebanon with Hizballah in 2006 (see Appendix-T for details on Hizballah)
as of 2021, the IDF also conducted frequent operations against the HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorist groups operating out of the Gaza Strip; since seizing control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, HAMAS has claimed responsibility for numerous rocket attacks into Israel and organized protests at the border between Gaza and Israel, resulting in violent clashes, casualties, and reprisal military actions by the IDF; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in May of 2021, which ended in an informal truce; sporadic clashes continued through 2021, including incendiary balloon attacks from Palestinian territory and retaliatory IDF strikes; PIJ has conducted numerous attacks on Israel since the 1980s, including a barrage of mortar and rocket strikes in February 2020 (see Appendix-T for more details on HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad)
Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
as of early 2021, Iraqi military and security forces continued to conduct counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq
Shia militia and paramilitary units from the Popular Mobilization Committee and Affiliated Forces (PMF) have fought alongside the Iraqi military against ISIS since 2014, but the majority of these forces continue to largely ignore the 2016 Law of the Popular Mobilization Authority, which mandated that armed militias must be regulated in a fashion similar to Iraq’s other security forces and act under the Iraqi government’s direct control; the Iraqi prime minister legally commands the PMF, but most of the militia brigades take orders from associated political parties and/or other government officials, including some with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
the Kurdish Peshmerga are formally recognized as a legitimate Iraqi military force under the country’s constitution and have operated jointly with the Iraqi military against ISIS militants, but they also operate outside of Iraqi military command structure; the Peshmerga report to the Kurdistan Regional Government or Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan parties instead of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense
at the request of the Iraqi government, NATO agreed to establish an advisory, training and capacity-building mission in Iraq in October 2018 to help Iraqi forces in their fight against ISIS; NATO Mission Iraq (NMI) currently has about 500 troops, but in February 2021 NATO announced it would increase the presence to about 4,000, although no timeframe was given
as of early 2021, Iraqi military and security forces continued to conduct counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq
Shia militia and paramilitary units from the Popular Mobilization Committee and Affiliated Forces (PMF) have fought alongside the Iraqi military against ISIS since 2014, but the majority of these forces continue to largely ignore the 2016 Law of the Popular Mobilization Authority, which mandated that armed militias must be regulated in a fashion similar to Iraq’s other security forces and act under the Iraqi government’s direct control; the Iraqi prime minister legally commands the PMF, but most of the militia brigades take orders from associated political parties and/or other government officials, including some with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
the Kurdish Peshmerga are formally recognized as a legitimate Iraqi military force under the country’s constitution and have operated jointly with the Iraqi military against ISIS militants, but they also operate outside of Iraqi military command structure; the Peshmerga report to the Kurdistan Regional Government or Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan parties instead of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense
at the request of the Iraqi government, NATO agreed to establish an advisory, training and capacity-building mission in Iraq in October 2018 to help Iraqi forces in their fight against ISIS; NATO Mission Iraq (NMI) currently has about 500 troops, but in February 2021 NATO announced it would increase the presence to about 4,000, although no timeframe was given
the Jordanian military traces its origins back to the Arab Legion, which was formed under the British protectorate of Transjordan in the 1920s
due largely to its proximity to regional conflicts in Iraq and Syria, the presence of major terrorist organizations in both of those countries, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the highest priorities of Jordan’s military and security services in 2021 included securing its borders and the potential for domestic terrorist attacks; the terrorist group Hizballah and Iranian-backed militia forces were operating in southwestern Syria near Jordan’s border while fighters from the Islamic State of ash-Sham and Syria (ISIS) terrorist group continued operating in both Iraq and Syria; ISIS fighters included Jordanian nationals, some of whom have returned to Jordan; meanwhile, individuals and groups sympathetic to Palestine have planned and conducted terrorist attacks in Jordan
Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994
as of late 2021, the Lebanese military faced multiple challenges, including securing the border with war- torn Syria from infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State and al-Qa’ida terrorist groups and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based militant group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remained high, including occasional armed skirmishes; in 2021, the military also faced a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate
in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Huthis; as of 2021, the coalition (consisting largely of Saudi forces) and the Huthis continued to engage in fighting, mostly with air and missile forces, although heavy ground fighting was also reportedly taking place over the key province of Marib; the Saudis have conducted numerous air strikes in northern Yemen, while the Huthis have launched attacks into Saudi territory with ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles armed with explosives; the Saudi-led coalition controlled the country’s airspace and the port of Hodeida; Saudi Arabia also has raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen--based largely on tribal or regional affiliation--to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border, especially the areas bordering the governorates of Saada and Al-Jawf
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index fed5de83..a6a8d2f8 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "the capital of Damascus - located at an oasis fed by the Barada River - is thought to be one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities; there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights (2017)" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -440,6 +443,9 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "2.5% (2010 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -987,16 +993,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "29 (2013)" + "text": "29" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2013)" @@ -1004,13 +1010,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "61 (2013)" + "text": "61" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "12 (2013)" + "text": "12" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "48 (2013)" @@ -1075,11 +1081,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SAF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has supplied nearly all of Syria's imported weapons systems, although China and Iran have also provided military equipment (2020)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of late 2020, UNDOF consisted of about 1,100 military personnel" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-42 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months; women are not conscripted but may volunteer to serve (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of August 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnel" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1090,7 +1096,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled with an almost 1,000-strong UN Disengagement Observer Force patrolling a buffer zone since 1964; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation would settle border dispute with Jordan
" + "text": "Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled with UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) patrolling a buffer zone since 1974; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation would settle border dispute with Jordan
" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 9a5bd78f..3f160309 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus, is the only metropolis in the world located on two continents; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,537,386 cases of COVID-19 or 6,565.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 60 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 46.29% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 October 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 7,296,879 cases of COVID-19 or 8,651.84 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 77.23 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 63.84% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "32.1% (2016)" @@ -323,7 +326,7 @@ "text": "1.5% (2018/19)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -444,12 +447,15 @@ "respiratory diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,537,386 cases of COVID-19 or 6,565.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 60 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 46.29% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 October 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 7,296,879 cases of COVID-19 or 8,651.84 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 77.23 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 October 2021, 63.84% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "31.283 million tons (2015 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -1035,19 +1041,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "91 (2013)" + "text": "91" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "38 (2013)" + "text": "38" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "17 (2013)" + "text": "17" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "4 (2013)" @@ -1055,13 +1061,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -1147,11 +1153,11 @@ "text": "est. 200 (Azerbaijan; monitoring cease-fire, clearing mines); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); est. 25-35,000 Cyprus; 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); est. 1,500-2,000 Qatar; est. 200 Somalia (training mission); est. 10-20,000 Syria (2021)", "note": "note(s): between 2016 and 2020, Turkey conducted four major military campaigns in northern Syria; Turkey has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including large operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018; its most recent incursions were smaller-scale raids in April and February of 2021; in 2020, Turkey deployed an undetermined number of Turkish military troops and an estimated 3,500-5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities, including keeping a substantial force under NATO in Afghanistan until withdrawing in 2021; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; it is planning to launch new frigates, submarines, and a light aircraft carrier/amphibious assault ship in the next few years, adding to its current force of about 16 frigates and 12 submarines (as of 2021); the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; in a controversial move, it purchased the Russian S-400 air defense system for an estimated $2.5 billion in July 2019; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally (joined 1952) and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense; Turkey in recent years has built expeditionary military bases in Qatar, Somalia, northern Cyprus, and Sudan" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "President Erdoğan on 25 June 2019 signed a new law cutting the men’s mandatory military service period in half, as well as making paid military service permanent; with the new system, the period of conscription was reduced from 12 months to six months for privates and non-commissioned soldiers (the service term for reserve officers chosen among university or college graduates will remain 12 months); after completing six months of service, if a conscripted soldier wants to and is suitable for extending his military service, he may do so for an additional six months in return for a monthly salary; under the new law, all male Turkish citizens over the age of 20 will be required to undergo a one month military training period, but they can obtain an exemption from the remaining five months of their mandatory service by paying 31,000 Turkish Liras (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) remain focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing, although the TSK's role in internal security has been significantly reduced in the past decade; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities, including keeping a substantial force under NATO in Afghanistan until withdrawing in 2021; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; it is planning to launch new frigates, submarines, and a light aircraft carrier/amphibious assault ship in the next few years, adding to its current force of about 16 frigates and 12 submarines (as of 2021); the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; in a controversial move, it purchased the Russian S-400 air defense system for an estimated $2.5 billion in 2019; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally (joined 1952) and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense; Turkey in recent years has built expeditionary military bases in Qatar, Somalia, northern Cyprus, and Sudan" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1166,7 +1172,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,713,344 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)" + "text": "3,718,322 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2020)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index c0906fdb..1aa2802b 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "note": "note: estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)", + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2018)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, "Literacy": { @@ -816,10 +816,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index c09cbc9b..e968f3ff 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -1044,16 +1044,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "17 (2013)" + "text": "17" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "4 (2013)" + "text": "4" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1061,19 +1061,19 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "40 (2013)" + "text": "40" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "16 (2013)" + "text": "16" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "9 (2013)" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index bd3b91ce..f73d2b8b 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -135,6 +135,20 @@ "text": "19.74% (male 6,032/female 8,134) (2020 est.)" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "43.6 years" @@ -261,7 +275,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2017)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -849,10 +863,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -889,11 +903,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Regiment is equipped with small arms" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "females and males who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age for voluntary enlistment in the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; service can be extended only by volunteering or an executive order from the Governor; annual training commitment is about 30 days a year, which includes a two-week camp, weekends, and drill nights (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 40f988ca..803be73c 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -106,6 +106,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: second-largest country in world (after Russia) and largest in the Americas; strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km (100 mi) of the US border
note 2: Canada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water; Canada has at least 2 million and possibly over 3 million lakes - that is more than all other countries combined
" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Mississippi* (Gulf of Mexico) (3,202,185 sq km, Canada only 32,000 sq km), Nelson (Hudson Bay) (1,093,141 sq km), Saint Lawrence* (1,049,636 sq km, Canada only 839,200 sq km)note 1: strategic location on southern border of the US; Mexico is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
note 2: some of the world's most important food crops were first domesticated in Mexico; the \"Three Sisters\" companion plants - winter squash, maize (corn), and climbing beans - served as the main agricultural crops for various North American Indian groups; all three apparently originated in Mexico but then were widely disseminated through much of North America; avocado, amaranth, and chili peppers also emanate from Mexico, as does vanilla, the world's most popular aroma and flavor spice; although cherry tomatoes originated in Ecuador, their domestication in Mexico transformed them into the larger modern tomato
note 3: the Sac Actun cave system at 348 km (216 mi) is the longest underwater cave in the world and the second longest cave worldwide, after Mammoth Cave in the United States (see \"Geography - note\" under United States)
note 4: the prominent Yucatan Peninsula that divides the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea is shared by Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize; just on the northern coast of Yucatan, near the town of Chicxulub (pronounce cheek-sha-loob), lie the remnants of a massive crater (some 150 km in diameter and extending well out into the Gulf of Mexico); formed by an asteroid or comet when it struck the earth 66 million years ago, the impact is now widely accepted as initiating a worldwide climate disruption that caused a mass extinction of 75% of all the earth's plant and animal species - including the non-avian dinosaurs
note 1: world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. McKinley) is the highest point (6,190 m) in North America and Death Valley the lowest point (-86 m) on the continent
note 2: the western coast of the United States and southern coast of Alaska lie along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
note 3: the Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands that divide the Bering Sea (north) from the main Pacific Ocean (south); they extend about 1,800 km westward from the Alaskan Peninsula; the archipelago consists of 14 larger islands, 55 smaller islands, and hundreds of islets; there are 41 active volcanoes on the islands, which together form a large northern section of the Ring of Fire
note 4: Mammoth Cave, in west-central Kentucky, is the world's longest known cave system with more than 650 km (405 miles) of surveyed passageways, which is nearly twice as long as the second-longest cave system, the Sac Actun underwater cave in Mexico - the world's longest underwater cave system (see \"Geography - note\" under Mexico);
note 5: Kazumura Cave on the island of Hawaii is the world's longest and deepest lava tube cave; it has been surveyed at 66 km (41 mi) long and 1,102 m (3,614 ft) deep
note 6: Bracken Cave outside of San Antonio, Texas is the world's largest bat cave; it is the summer home to the largest colony of bats in the world; an estimated 20 million Mexican free-tailed bats roost in the cave from March to October making it the world's largest known concentration of mammals
note 7: the US is reliant on foreign imports for 100% of its needs for the following strategic resources - Arsenic, Cesium, Fluorspar, Gallium, Graphite, Indium, Manganese, Niobium, Rare Earths, Rubidium, Scandium, Tantalum, Yttrium; see Appendix H: Strategic Materials for further details
note 8: three food crops are generally acknowledged to be native to areas of what is now the United States: cranberries, pecans, and sunflowers
note 1: shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River
note 2: Peru is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
note 3: on 19 February 1600, Mount Huaynaputina in the southern Peruvian Andes erupted in the largest volcanic explosion in South America in historical times; intermittent eruptions lasted until 5 March 1600 and pumped an estimated 16 to 32 million metric tons of particulates into the atmosphere reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface and affecting weather worldwide; over the next two and a half years, millions died around the globe in famines from bitterly cold winters, cool summers, and the loss of crops and animals
note 4: the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato
note 1: the country lies on major sea and air routes linking North and South America
note 2: Venezuela has some of the most unique geology in the world; tepuis are massive table-top mountains of the western Guiana Highlands that tend to be isolated and thus support unique endemic plant and animal species; their sheer cliffsides account for some of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world including Angel Falls, the world's highest (979 m) that drops off Auyan Tepui
" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Amazon (6,145,186 sq km), Orinoco (953,675 sq km)" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -285,6 +288,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": { "text": "100,000 (2020 est.)" }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "4,200 (2020 est.)" + }, "Major infectious diseases": { "degree of risk": { "text": "high (2020)" @@ -304,7 +310,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2017)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -421,6 +427,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "9,779,093 tons (2010 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Amazon (6,145,186 sq km), Orinoco (953,675 sq km)" } }, "Government": { @@ -988,19 +997,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "127 (2013)" + "text": "127" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "33 (2013)" + "text": "33" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "62 (2013)" + "text": "62" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "17 (2013)" @@ -1008,16 +1017,16 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "317 (2013)" + "text": "317" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "57 (2013)" + "text": "57" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "127 (2013)" + "text": "127" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "130 (2013)" @@ -1094,11 +1103,11 @@ "Maritime threats": { "text": "The International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; in 2020, no attacks were reported which was a decrease from the six attacks in 2019" }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "between 2013 and 2017, Venezuela established at least a dozen military-led firms in a variety of economic sectors, such as agriculture, banking, construction, insurance, the media, mining, oil, and tourism; as of mid-2019, military officers reportedly led at least 60 state-owned companies" - }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 (25 for women) for voluntary service; the minimum service obligation is 24-30 months; all citizens of military service age (18-50 years old) are obligated to register for military service and subject to military training, although “forcible recruitment” is forbidden (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "between 2013 and 2017, Venezuela established at least a dozen military-led firms in a variety of economic sectors, such as agriculture, banking, construction, insurance, the media, mining, oil, and tourism; as of mid-2019, military officers reportedly led at least 60 state-owned companies" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 51d67585..46b9925e 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: Indus (1,081,718 sq km)during the fighting with the Afghan Government, the Taliban’s military operations and strategy were directed by a leadership council (Rahbari Shura) led by HAIBATULLAH Akhundzada; Taliban forces were a decentralized guerrilla and militia force of approximately 60-80,000 full-time fighters loosely organized as battalions and brigades with at least one corps headquarters; as of September 2021, the Taliban was still forming an official military structure, although it reportedly had a special forces unit
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index c7f9c0bc..6ccbb815 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -327,7 +330,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 19 July 2021, Bangladesh has reported a total of 1,128,889 cases of COVID-19 or 685.47 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 11.13 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 3.54% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 6 October 2021, Bangladesh has reported a total of 1,560,155 cases of COVID-19 or 947.33 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 16.78 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 10.46% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "3.6% (2016)" @@ -469,7 +472,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 19 July 2021, Bangladesh has reported a total of 1,128,889 cases of COVID-19 or 685.47 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 11.13 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 3.54% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 6 October 2021, Bangladesh has reported a total of 1,560,155 cases of COVID-19 or 947.33 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 16.78 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 10.46% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Food insecurity": { "severe localized food insecurity": { @@ -480,6 +483,9 @@ "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "14,778,497 tons (2012 est.)" } + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin" } }, "Government": { @@ -1068,19 +1074,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "16 (2017)" + "text": "16" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "5 (2017)" @@ -1088,10 +1094,10 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2013)" @@ -1184,6 +1190,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16-21 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi nationality and 10th grade education required; officers: 17-21 years of age, Bangladeshi nationality, and 12th grade education required (2018)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "
as of 2021, the military’s chief areas of focus were border, economic exclusion zone, and domestic security; the Army maintained a large domestic security presence in the Chittagong Hills area where it conducted counterinsurgency operations against tribal guerrillas from the 1970s until the late 1990s; since 2009, the military has been in a force-wide expansion and modernization program known as Forces Goal 2030
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index a9fc8846..6f967ded 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -953,10 +953,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2017)" + "text": "2" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2012)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "1 (2012)" @@ -981,8 +981,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard, an air wing); National Militia; Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs: Royal Bhutan Police (2020)", - "note": "note - the Royal Bhutan Army is a lightly armed infantry force focused on border protection and internal security; India is responsible for military training, arms supplies, and the air defense of Bhutan" + "text": "Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard, an air wing); National Militia; Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs: Royal Bhutan Police (2021)", + "note": "note - the Royal Bhutan Police (RBP) agency is responsible for internal security; the Army is responsible for external threats but also has responsibility for some internal security functions, including conducting counterinsurgency operations, guarding forests, and providing security for prominent persons" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Royal Bhutan Army has an estimated 8,000 personnel (2020)" @@ -991,7 +991,10 @@ "text": "India has provided most of the Royal Bhutan Army's equipment (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; militia training is compulsory for males aged 20-25, over a 3-year period (2019)" + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; militia training is compulsory for males aged 20-25, over a 3-year period; in 2021, the Royal Bhutan Army graduated from a year-long training course the first batch of 150 women to be allowed to serve in combat roles; previously, women were allowed to serve in medical and other non-combat roles (2021)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "India is responsible for military training, arms supplies, and the air defense of Bhutan" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 26080c81..51307b7a 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -656,6 +656,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Sri Lanka is attempting to sustain economic growth while maintaining macroeconomic stability under the IMF program it began in 2016. The government's high debt payments and bloated civil service, which have contributed to historically high budget deficits, remain a concern. Government debt is about 79% of GDP and remains among the highest of the emerging markets. In the coming years, Sri Lanka will need to balance its elevated debt repayment schedule with its need to maintain adequate foreign exchange reserves.
In May 2016, Sri Lanka regained its preferential trade status under the European Union’s Generalized System of Preferences Plus, enabling many of its firms to export products, including its top export garments, tax free to the EU. In 2017, Parliament passed a new Inland Revenue Act in an effort to increase tax collection and broaden the tax base in response to recommendations made under its IMF program. In November 2017, the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering and terrorist financing listed Sri Lanka as non-compliant, but reported subsequently that Sri Lanka had made good progress in implementing an action plan to address deficiencies.
Tourism has experienced strong growth in the years since the resolution of the government's 26-year conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. In 2017, the government promulgated plans to transform the country into a knowledge-based, export-oriented Indian Ocean hub by 2025.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$285.141 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$278.776 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$269.853 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.29% (2019 est.)" @@ -667,6 +679,21 @@ "text": "3.58% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$13,078 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,865 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$12,584 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$84.016 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "4.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -689,44 +716,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$285.141 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$278.776 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$269.853 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$84.016 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,078 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,865 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$12,584 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "27.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "29% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -758,20 +747,6 @@ "text": "-29.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "73.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "41.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, coconuts, sugar cane, plantains, milk, tea, cassava, maize, poultry, coir" }, @@ -830,9 +805,6 @@ "text": "16.88 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -845,6 +817,9 @@ }, "note": "note: covers central government debt and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1077,7 +1052,7 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "11 (2020)" + "text": "11" }, "over 3,047 m": { "text": "2" @@ -1086,12 +1061,12 @@ "text": "5" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "4" + "text": "4 (2020)" } }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2020)" + "text": "7" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { "text": "2" @@ -1100,7 +1075,7 @@ "text": "3" }, "under 914 m": { - "text": "2" + "text": "2 (2020)" } }, "Heliports": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 3698333c..47a9c52c 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -104,6 +104,12 @@ }, "Geography - note": { "text": "dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes; Kanchenjunga, third tallest mountain in the world, lies on the border with Nepal" + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km), Indus (1,081,718 sq km), Irrawaddy (413,710 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -332,7 +338,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US" + "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 6 October 2021, India has reported a total of 33,871,881 cases of COVID-19 or 2,454.48 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 32.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 48% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "3.9% (2016)" @@ -341,7 +347,7 @@ "text": "33.4% (2016/18)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2016)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -474,7 +480,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US" + "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 6 October 2021, India has reported a total of 33,871,881 cases of COVID-19 or 2,454.48 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 32.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 48% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { @@ -486,6 +492,12 @@ "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "5% (2013 est.)" } + }, + "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { + "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km), Indus (1,081,718 sq km), Irrawaddy (413,710 sq km)" + }, + "Major aquifers": { + "text": "Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin" } }, "Government": { @@ -1077,19 +1089,19 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "253 (2017)" + "text": "253" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "22 (2017)" + "text": "22" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "59 (2017)" + "text": "59" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "76 (2017)" + "text": "76" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "82 (2017)" + "text": "82" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "14 (2017)" @@ -1097,19 +1109,19 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "93 (2013)" + "text": "93" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "38 (2013)" + "text": "38" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "45 (2013)" @@ -1195,6 +1207,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17 1/2, Air Force 17, Navy 16 1/2); no conscription; women may join as officers, currently serve in combat roles as Air Force pilots, and under consideration for Army and Navy combat roles (currently can fly naval reconnaissance aircraft) (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "as of 2021, the Indian Armed Forces were chiefly focused on China and Pakistan; the short 1962 Sino-India War left in place one of the world’s longest disputed international borders, resulting in occasional standoffs between Indian and Chinese security forces, including lethal clashes in 1975 and 2020; meanwhile, India and Pakistan have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well as two clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (the First Kashmir War of 1947 and the 1999 Kargil Conflict); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003 and revised in 2018, although the border, known as the Line of Control, remained contested as of 2021, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir where Indian forces have conducted counterinsurgency operations since the 1980s; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area at least three times between 1985 and 1995; a cease-fire went into effect in 2003, but as of 2021, both sides continued to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties were due to extreme weather and the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index a733f2d4..627d1746 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -111,6 +111,20 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Birth rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -120,11 +134,40 @@ "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: NA" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: NA" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: NA" + } + }, "Current Health Expenditure": { "text": "NA" }, + "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { @@ -243,10 +286,10 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1" + "text": "1 (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index 8e13ab94..a35bdd63 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ "text": "14.8% (2016/17)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -587,6 +587,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Maldives has quickly become a middle-income country, driven by the rapid growth of its tourism and fisheries sectors, but the country still contends with a large and growing fiscal deficit. Infrastructure projects, largely funded by China, could add significantly to debt levels. Political turmoil and the declaration of a state of emergency in February 2018 led to the issuance of travel warnings by several countries whose citizens visit Maldives in significant numbers, but the overall impact on tourism revenue was unclear.
In 2015, Maldives’ Parliament passed a constitutional amendment legalizing foreign ownership of land; foreign land-buyers must reclaim at least 70% of the desired land from the ocean and invest at least $1 billion in a construction project approved by Parliament.
Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are near-term challenges facing the government. Over the longer term, Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$10.37 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$9.692 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$8.964 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -598,6 +610,21 @@ "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$19,531 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$18,796 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$18,058 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.505 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -614,44 +641,6 @@ "text": "B3 (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$10.37 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$9.692 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$8.964 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.505 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$19,531 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,796 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$18,058 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3% (2015 est.)" @@ -683,20 +672,6 @@ "text": "89% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "53.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "55.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "52.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "papayas, vegetables, roots/tubers nes, nuts, fruit, other meat, tomatoes, coconuts, bananas, maize" }, @@ -755,9 +730,6 @@ "text": "1.643 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-10.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -769,6 +741,9 @@ "text": "61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -986,16 +961,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "7 (2017)" + "text": "7" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "2,438 to 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "4 (2017)" @@ -1003,7 +978,7 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { "text": "2 (2013)" @@ -1034,8 +1009,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "the Republic of Maldives has no distinct army, navy, or air force but a single security unit called the Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF) comprised of ground forces, an air element, a coastguard, a presidential security division, and a special protection group (2020)", - "note": "note: the MNDF is primarily tasked to reinforce the Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the country's exclusive economic zone" + "text": "the Republic of Maldives has no distinct army, navy, or air force but a single security unit called the Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF) comprised of ground forces, an air element, a coastguard, a presidential security division, and a special protection group (2020)" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF) has approximately 2,500 personnel (2019 est.)" @@ -1045,6 +1019,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-28 years of age for voluntary service; no conscription; 10th grade or equivalent education required; must not be a member of a political party" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the MNDF is primarily tasked to reinforce the Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the country's exclusive economic zone" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 1a8852b4..cd52d897 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ "text": "24.4% (2019)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2018)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { - "text": "11 (2017)" + "text": "11" }, "over 3,047 m": { - "text": "1 (2017)" + "text": "1" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "3 (2017)" + "text": "3" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2017)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "1 (2017)" @@ -1038,13 +1038,13 @@ }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { - "text": "36 (2013)" + "text": "36" }, "1,524 to 2,437 m": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1" }, "914 to 1,523 m": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6" }, "under 914 m": { "text": "29 (2013)" @@ -1102,6 +1102,9 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (including women); no conscription (2019)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "Nepal became a member of the UN in 1955 and has been an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations since, sending its first military observers to a UN peacekeeping mission in 1958 and its first peacekeeping military contingent to Egypt in 1974
the military has carried out three coups since Pakistan's independence in 1947 and as of 2021 remained a dominant force in the country’s political arena; in 2021, its chief focus was on the perceived threat from India, but over the past 15 years, the military also has increased its role in internal counterinsurgency and counterterrorism missions
Pakistan and India have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well as two clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (First Kashmir War of 1947 and the Kargil Conflict of 1999); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003 and revised in 2018, although the border, known as the Line of Control, remained contested as of 2021, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area in 1985, 1987, and 1995; a cease-fire went into effect in 2003, but as of 2021 both sides continued to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties were due to extreme weather or the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness
Pakistan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
note 1: the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13.8-billion-year age estimated for the universe; the earliest widely accepted date for life appearing on earth is 3.48 billion years ago, but this date is conservative and may get pushed back further
note 2: although earthquakes can strike anywhere at any time, the vast majority occur in three large zones of the earth; the world's greatest earthquake belt, the Circum-Pacific Belt (popularly referred to as the Ring of Fire), is the zone of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; about 90% of the world's earthquakes (81% of the largest earthquakes) and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire; the belt extends northward from Chile, along the South American coast, through Central America, Mexico, the western US, southern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, to Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, island groups in the southwestern Pacific, and New Zealand
the second prominent belt, the Alpide, extends from Java to Sumatra, northward along the mountains of Burma, then eastward through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic Ocean; it accounts for about 17% of the world's largest earthquakes; the third important belt follows the long Mid-Atlantic Ridge