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auto-update week 41
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
parent
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commit
7cda7791be
255 changed files with 4806 additions and 3039 deletions
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@ -98,6 +98,9 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)"
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},
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"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -320,7 +323,7 @@
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"text": "1.5% (2017/18)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)"
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"text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -441,6 +444,9 @@
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"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
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"text": "1,142,964 tons (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -629,6 +635,18 @@
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"Economic overview": {
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"text": "<p>Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania’s economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone.</p> <p>Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption.</p> <p>Albania’s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth.</p> <p>Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania’s three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016.</p>"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$39.859 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
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"text": "$38.986 billion (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
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"text": "$37.461 billion (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
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"text": "2.24% (2019 est.)"
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@ -640,6 +658,21 @@
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"text": "3.8% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$13,965 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
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"text": "$13,601 (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
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"text": "$13,037 (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$15.273 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "1.4% (2019 est.)"
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@ -659,44 +692,6 @@
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"text": "B+ (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$39.859 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
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"text": "$38.986 billion (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
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"text": "$37.461 billion (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$15.273 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$13,965 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
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"text": "$13,601 (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
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"text": "$13,037 (2017 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"Gross national saving 2019": {
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"text": "14% of GDP (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2018": {
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"text": "16.8% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Gross national saving 2017": {
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"text": "16.5% of GDP (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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"agriculture": {
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"text": "21.7% (2017 est.)"
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@ -728,20 +723,6 @@
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"text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
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"Overall score": {
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"text": "67.7 (2020)"
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},
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"Starting a Business score": {
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"text": "91.8 (2020)"
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},
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"Trading score": {
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"text": "96.3 (2020)"
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},
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"Enforcement score": {
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"text": "53.5 (2020)"
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}
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},
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"Agricultural products": {
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"text": "milk, maize, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, wheat, grapes, cucumbers, onions, apples"
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},
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@ -801,9 +782,6 @@
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"text": "3.874 billion (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "27.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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@ -815,6 +793,9 @@
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"text": "73.2% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "27.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "calendar year"
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},
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@ -1107,11 +1088,11 @@
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"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
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"text": "the Albanian military was previously equipped with mostly Soviet-era weapons that were sold or destroyed; its inventory now includes a mix of mostly donated and second-hand European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from France, Germany, and the US (2020)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "Albania officially became a member of NATO in 2009"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age in case of general/partial compulsory mobilization; conscription abolished 2010 (2019)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "Albania officially became a member of NATO in 2009"
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}
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},
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"Terrorism": {
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@ -134,6 +134,20 @@
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"text": "17.36% (male 7,544/female 7,323) (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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"total dependency ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"youth dependency ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"elderly dependency ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"potential support ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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}
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "46.2 years"
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@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "note 1: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere<br><br>note 2: the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers"
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},
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"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -314,7 +317,7 @@
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)"
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"text": "5.2% of GDP (2018)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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@ -427,6 +430,9 @@
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"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
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"text": "25.7% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -512,7 +518,7 @@
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"text": "President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Sebastian KURZ elected chancellor (since 2 January 2020)"
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"text": "Chancellor Alexander SCHALLENBERG (since 9 October 2021); note - Chancellor Sebastian KURZ (since 2 January 2020) resigned on 9 October 2021"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
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@ -1014,19 +1020,19 @@
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},
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"Airports - with paved runways": {
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"total": {
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"text": "24 (2017)"
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"text": "24"
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},
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"over 3,047 m": {
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"text": "1 (2017)"
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"text": "1"
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},
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"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
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"text": "5 (2017)"
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"text": "5"
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},
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"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
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"text": "1 (2017)"
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"text": "1"
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},
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"914 to 1,523 m": {
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"text": "4 (2017)"
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"text": "4"
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},
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"under 914 m": {
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"text": "13 (2017)"
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@ -1034,13 +1040,13 @@
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},
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"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
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"total": {
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"text": "28 (2013)"
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"text": "28"
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},
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"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
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"text": "1 (2013)"
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"text": "1"
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},
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"914 to 1,523 m": {
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"text": "3 (2013)"
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"text": "3"
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},
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"under 914 m": {
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"text": "24 (2013)"
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@ -1109,6 +1115,9 @@
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system (2015)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "<p>Austria is constitutionally non-aligned, but is an EU member and actively participates in EU peacekeeping and crisis management operations under the Common Security and Defense Policy; Austria is not a member of NATO, but joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace framework in 1995 and participates in NATO-led crisis-management and peacekeeping operations; as of 2021, more than 100,000 Austrian military and civilian personnel have taken part in more than 50 international peace support and humanitarian missions since 1960</p>"
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}
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},
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"Terrorism": {
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@ -70,6 +70,20 @@
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"text": "NA"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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"total dependency ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"youth dependency ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"elderly dependency ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"potential support ratio": {
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"text": "NA"
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}
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Drinking water source": {
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"improved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: NA"
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},
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"improved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: NA"
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},
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"improved: total": {
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"text": "total: NA"
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},
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"unimproved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: NA"
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},
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"unimproved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: NA"
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},
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"unimproved: total": {
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"text": "total: NA"
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}
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},
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"Current Health Expenditure": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "NA"
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}
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},
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"Environment": {
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"text": "1% (2014/15)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)"
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"text": "6.4% of GDP (2018)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
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},
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"Airports - with paved runways": {
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"total": {
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"text": "26 (2019)"
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"text": "26"
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},
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"over 3,047 m": {
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"text": "6"
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@ -1030,12 +1030,12 @@
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"text": "1"
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},
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"under 914 m": {
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"text": "8"
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"text": "8 (2019)"
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}
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},
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"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
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"total": {
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"text": "15 (2013)"
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"text": "15"
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},
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"under 914 m": {
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"text": "15 (2013)"
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@ -1120,11 +1120,11 @@
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"Military deployments": {
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"text": "125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 100 Mali (EUTM/MINUSMA); 200 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 <br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1995 (2019)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 <br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
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}
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},
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"Terrorism": {
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|
|
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@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east"
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},
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"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -436,6 +439,9 @@
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"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
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"text": "0% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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|
@ -1024,13 +1030,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1038,13 +1044,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "17 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1113,6 +1119,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service for E-1 through E-4, mandatory retirement at age 50 and 30 years of service for E-5 through E-9, mandatory retirement at age 55 and 30 years of service for all officers; conscription abolished in 2005 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are comprised of the former Bosnian-Croat Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Vojska Federacije Bosne i Hercegovin, VF) and the Bosnian-Serb Republic of Serbia Army (Vojska Republike Srpske, VRS); the two forces were unified under the 2003 Law on Defense, which also established the country’s Ministry of Defense</p> <p>Bosnia and Herzegovina joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) program in 2007 and was invited to join NATO’s Membership Action Plan in 2010; as of 2021, NATO maintained a military headquarters in Sarajevo with the mission of assisting Bosnia and Herzegovina with the PfP program and promoting closer integration with NATO, as well as providing logistics and other support to the European Union Force deployed there</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1135,7 +1144,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "66 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 82,381 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 83,028 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
"current situation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea) </em>Dnieper (533,966 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -314,7 +317,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5% of GDP (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -441,6 +444,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "16% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea) </em>Dnieper (533,966 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1018,19 +1024,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "33 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "33"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "20 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "20"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1038,16 +1044,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "32 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "32"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "28 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1119,11 +1125,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of the Belarus Armed Forces is comprised of Russian-origin equipment; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment, including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "contributes forces to CSTO's Rapid Reaction Force (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military or alternative service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications, and 24-36 months for alternative service, depending on academic qualifications; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia is the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism<br><br>Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -101,6 +101,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -447,6 +450,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "19% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1033,16 +1039,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "57 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "57"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "17 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1050,10 +1056,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1132,11 +1138,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years Bulgaria has procured limited amounts of more modern weapons systems from Western countries, including France, Italy, Norway, and the US (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Bulgaria officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in 2007; service obligation 6-9 months (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Bulgaria officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1156,7 +1162,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "1,141 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 63,543 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 64,672 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1045,16 +1045,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "13"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1133,11 +1133,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of the Cypriot National Guard is a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern weapons systems; since 2010, it has received equipment from France, Israel, Italy, Oman, and Russia (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was set up in 1964 to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities on the island and bring about a return to normal conditions; the UNFICYP mission had about 1,000 personnel, including some 800 military troops as of July 2021"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "Cypriot National Guard (CNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 14-month service obligation (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was set up in 1964 to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities on the island and bring about a return to normal conditions; the UNFICYP mission had about 1,000 personnel as of August 2021"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "56 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 24,651 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 25,673 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to money laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sector remains weak"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1020,19 +1020,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "28 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "28"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1040,10 +1040,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "52 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "52"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "47 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1126,11 +1126,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "140 Middle East/Iraq (NATO/Operation Inherent Resolve) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Denmark is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish Military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Denmark is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br> <p>Denmark is a member of the EU, but opted out of the EU’s Common Defense and Security Policy, and therefore does not participate in EU military operations or in the cooperation on development and acquisition of military capabilities within the EU framework</p> <p>the Danish Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009<br><br></p> in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -70,6 +70,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Birth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -79,14 +93,40 @@
|
|||
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Drinking water source": {
|
||||
"improved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current Health Expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Environment": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -91,6 +91,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "20.5% (male 39,834,507/female 53,020,673) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "44 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -168,6 +182,26 @@
|
|||
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Drinking water source": {
|
||||
"improved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current Health Expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "9.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -187,7 +221,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.6% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.7% of GDP (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -727,19 +761,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,882 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1,882"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "120 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "120"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "341 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "341"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "507 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "507"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "425 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "425"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "489 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -747,19 +781,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,244 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1,244"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "245 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "245"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "982 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.5% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3.4% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "16 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "16"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1023,18 +1023,18 @@
|
|||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
"text": "5 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1120,6 +1120,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service recruits to the Defence Forces (18-27 years of age for the Naval Service); 18-26 for cadetship (officer) applicants; 12-year service (5 active, 7 reserves); Irish citizen, European Economic Area citizenship, or refugee status (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, which was established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921</p> <p>Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO, but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participate in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "0.4% (2013/15)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5.2% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "President Kersti KALJULAID (since 10 October 2016)"
|
||||
"text": "President Alar KARIS (since 11 October 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Kaja KALLAS (since 26 January 2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections/appointments": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 30-31 August 2021; in a first round of voting on 30 August, parliament failed to elect a president; in a second round on 31 August, the sole candidate, Alar KARIS, received 72 votes of 101 votes (there were 8 blank votes and 21 electors not present); KARIS will be inaugurated on 11 October 2021; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 30-31 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026); in a first round of voting on 30 August, parliament failed to elect a president; in a second round on 31 August, the sole candidate, Alar KARIS, received 72 votes of 101 votes (there were 8 blank votes and 21 electors not present); KARIS was inaugurated on 11 October 2021; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Alar KARIS elected president on 31 August 2021; parliament vote-Alar KARIS (independent) 72 of 101 votes; note – KARIS follows Kersti KALJULAID, who was Estonia's first female president; KALLAS is Estonia's first female prime minister</p>"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1038,16 +1038,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "13"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1055,13 +1055,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1140,11 +1140,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 100 Mali (Operation Barkhane/MINUSMA/EUTM) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Estonia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Estonia officially became a member of NATO in 2004<br> <p>since 2017, Estonia has hosted a multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by the UK and had about 800 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021</p> <p>NATO also has provided air protection for Estonia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft have been hosted at Estonia’s Ämari Air Base since 2014</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -311,7 +314,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.3% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -438,6 +441,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "25.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -540,10 +546,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)"
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 8-9 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%"
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4<br> <p>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party – SPOLU 27.8%, Action of Dissatisfied Persons 27.1%, Pirates and Mayors 15.6%, Freedom and Direct Democracy 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party - Action of Dissatisfied Persons 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and Mayors 37, Freedom and Direct Democracy 20; composition - NA</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1019,19 +1025,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "41 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "41"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "16 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1039,13 +1045,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "87 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "87"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "25 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "25"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "61 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1113,11 +1119,14 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of European origin; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military equipment to Czechia are Austria and Spain (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Czechia joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Czechia military has small numbers of troops deployed under EU, NATO, and UN command in several countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Central African Republic, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, and Mali</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished 2004 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Czechia joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "6.3% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1019,19 +1019,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "74 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "74"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1039,10 +1039,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "74 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "74"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "71 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1123,6 +1123,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 6-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard, and women may volunteer for service; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 60 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Finland is not a member of NATO, but the two actively cooperate in peace-support operations, exercise together, and exchange analysis and information; Finland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Finnish Armed Forces participated in NATO-led military operations and missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq</p> <p>Finland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and actively participates in CSDP crisis management missions and operations</p> <p>the Finnish Armed Forces closely cooperate with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -134,6 +134,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "17.41% (male 4,352/female 4,636) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "37.2 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -258,6 +272,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "8.2% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Environment": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -792,10 +809,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -114,6 +114,12 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "largest West European nation; most major French rivers - the Meuse, Seine, Loire, Charente, Dordogne, and Garonne - flow northward or westward into the Atlantic Ocean, only the Rhone flows southward into the Mediterranean Sea"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Loire (115,282 sq km), Seine 78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Adriatic Sea)</em> Po (76,997 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea) </em>Rhone (100,543 sq km)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major aquifers": {
|
||||
"text": "Paris Basin"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -329,7 +335,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "<500 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 19 July 2021, France has reported a total of 5,753,579 cases of COVID-19 or 8,846.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.92 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 55.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 6 October 2021, France has reported a total of 6,816,783 cases of COVID-19 or 10,481.01 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 176.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 66.20% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "21.6% (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -338,7 +344,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.5% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -439,7 +445,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 19 July 2021, France has reported a total of 5,753,579 cases of COVID-19 or 8,846.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.92 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 55.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 6 October 2021, France has reported a total of 6,816,783 cases of COVID-19 or 10,481.01 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 176.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 66.20% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -451,6 +457,12 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "22.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Loire (115,282 sq km), Seine 78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Adriatic Sea)</em> Po (76,997 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea) </em>Rhone (100,543 sq km)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major aquifers": {
|
||||
"text": "Paris Basin"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1052,19 +1064,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "294 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "294"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "25 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "25"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "97 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "97"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "83 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "83"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "75 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1072,13 +1084,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "170 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "170"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "64 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "64"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "105 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1176,11 +1188,12 @@
|
|||
"text": "5,100 Burkina Faso/Chad/Mali/Niger (Operation Barkhane, Task Force Takuba; note - in July 2021, France announced that it would withdraw about 2,000 personnel from this force by the beginning of 2022); approximately 300 Central African Republic; 900 Cote D'Ivoire; 1,400 Djibouti; 300 Baltics (NATO); 2,000 French Guyana; 900 French Polynesia; 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; est. 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 950 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,400-1,500 New Caledonia; 1,700 Reunion Island; 350 Senegal; 650 United Arab Emirates (2020-2021)",
|
||||
"note": "note - France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2001); 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2001); 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2019)",
|
||||
"note": "note - men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign 5-year contracts"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures<br> <p>in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance</p> <p>the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel in eight regiments, a regiment-sized demi-brigade, a battalion-sized overseas detachment, a battalion-sized recruiting group, and a command staff; the combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -118,6 +118,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "16.7% (male 2,378/female 2,562) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "35.5 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -708,7 +722,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -614,13 +614,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -101,6 +101,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -323,7 +326,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "0.5% (2014/17)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.9% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -436,6 +439,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "47.8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -538,10 +544,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||||
"description": {
|
||||
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br>Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br>Federal Diet or Bundestag (735 seats for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br>Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in 2025 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions"
|
||||
"text": "<br>Bundesrat - none; determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br>Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%<br>Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 25.7%, CDU/CSU 24.1%, Alliance '90/Greens 14.8%, FDP 11.5%, AfD 10.3%, The Left 4.9%, other 8.7%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 196, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 83, The Left 39, other 1; note - total Bundestag percent of women NA%"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1024,19 +1030,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "318 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "318"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "49 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "49"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "60 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "60"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "70 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "70"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "125 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1044,13 +1050,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "221 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "221"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "35 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "35"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "185 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1143,11 +1149,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 600 Lithuania (NATO); 800 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Federal Republic of Germany joined NATO in May 1955; with the reunification of Germany in October 1990, the states of the former German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany in its membership of NATO"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "17-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription ended July 2011; service obligation 8-23 months or 12 years; women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Federal Republic of Germany joined NATO in May 1955; with the reunification of Germany in October 1990, the states of the former German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany in its membership of NATO<br> <p>the German Army has incorporated a joint Franco-German mechanized infantry brigade since 1989, a Dutch airmobile infantry brigade since 2014, and a Dutch mechanized infantry brigade since 2016; in addition, the German Navy’s Sea Battalion (includes marine infantry, naval divers, reconnaissance, and security forces) has worked closely with the Dutch Marine Corps since 2016, including as a binational amphibious landing group</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1037,19 +1037,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "68 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "68"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "19 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "18 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1057,10 +1057,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1146,11 +1146,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 110 Kosovo (NATO); 150 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Jan 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Greece joined NATO in 1952"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "19-45 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 18 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation is 1 year for the Army and 9 months for the Air Force and Navy; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Greece joined NATO in 1952"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "5,557 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,210,240 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,211,465 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -98,6 +98,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -462,6 +465,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "16.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1051,19 +1057,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1071,13 +1077,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "45 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "45"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "38 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1152,11 +1158,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of the Croatian Armed Forces consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years, it has acquired a limited number of more modern weapon systems from some Western suppliers, including Finland, Germany, and the US (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Croatia officially became a member of NATO in 2009"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Croatia officially became a member of NATO in 2009"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1167,7 +1173,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "2,900 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>729,392 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021); flows slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>731,287 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); flows slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "primarily a transit country along the Balkan route for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe and other illicit drugs and chemical precursors to and from Western Europe; no significant domestic production of illicit drugs"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -90,6 +90,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -317,7 +320,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -452,6 +455,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "25.9% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1034,19 +1040,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "20 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "20"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1054,13 +1060,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1146,11 +1152,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "160 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 150 Iraq (counter-ISIS coalition); 430 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Hungary joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997 and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Hungary joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997 and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "7.7% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "last held on 25 September 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>percent of vote by party - IP 24.4%, PP 17.3%, LGM 12.6%, SDA 9.9%, People's Party 8.8%, Pirate Party 8.6%, Reform Party 8.3%. CP 5.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, SDA 6, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>percent of vote by party - IP 24.4%, PP 17.3%, LGM 12.6%, SDA 9.9%, People's Party 8.8%, Pirate Party 8.6%, Reform Party 8.3%. CP 5.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, SDA 6, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3; composition - men 33, women 30; percent of women 47.6%</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1004,13 +1004,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1018,13 +1018,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "89 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "89"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "60 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from European suppliers (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)"
|
||||
"text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)<br> <p>Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -133,6 +133,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "21.08% (male 9,023/female 10,058) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "44.6 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -377,7 +391,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Richard GOZNEY (since 27 May 2016)"
|
||||
"text": "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir John LORIMER (since 29 September 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Chief Minister Howard QUAYLE (since 4 October 2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -667,10 +681,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Railways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -99,6 +99,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km), <em>(Adriatic Sea)</em> Po (76,997 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea) </em>Rhone (100,543 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -316,7 +319,7 @@
|
|||
"respiratory diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 19 July 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,289,528 cases of COVID-19 or 7,192.19 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 214.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 60.61% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,686,109 cases of COVID-19 or 7,857.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 219.84 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 75.36% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "19.9% (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -325,7 +328,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.3% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -443,7 +446,7 @@
|
|||
"respiratory diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 19 July 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,289,528 cases of COVID-19 or 7,192.19 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 214.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 60.61% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,686,109 cases of COVID-19 or 7,857.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 219.84 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 75.36% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -455,6 +458,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "25.9% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km), <em>(Adriatic Sea)</em> Po (76,997 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea) </em>Rhone (100,543 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -586,7 +592,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Maurizio GREGANTI, Minister (since 15 June 2021)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Mariangela ZAPPIA (since 15 September 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"chancery": {
|
||||
"text": "3000 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1047,19 +1053,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "98 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "98"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "31 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "31"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "18 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "29 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1067,13 +1073,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "31 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "31"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "20 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1162,11 +1168,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "120 Djibouti; 1,100 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, counter-ISIS campaign, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 630 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 200 Latvia (NATO); 1,200 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Italy is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 1-year service obligation; conscription abolished 2004 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Italy is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br> <p>Italy is an active participant in EU, NATO, UN, and other multinational military, security, and humanitarian operations abroad; as of 2021, it hosted the headquarters for the EU’s Mediterranean naval operations force (EUNAVFOR-MED) in Rome and the US Navy’s 6th Fleet in Naples; Italy was admitted to the UN in 1955 and in 1960 participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission, the UN Operation in Congo (ONUC); since 1960, it has committed more than 60,000 troops to UN missions, and as of 2021, was the top supplier of military and police forces among Western and EU nations to UN peacekeeping operations; since 2006, Italy has hosted a training center in Vicenza for police personnel destined for peacekeeping missions</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1185,7 +1191,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "3,000 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 567,404 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 571,601 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -683,10 +683,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -108,6 +108,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Birth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,11 +131,40 @@
|
|||
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Drinking water source": {
|
||||
"improved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current Health Expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Environment": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -180,7 +223,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -90,6 +90,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -137,6 +140,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "7.75% (male 63,943/female 85,940) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "30.5 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -217,6 +234,26 @@
|
|||
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Drinking water source": {
|
||||
"improved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current Health Expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -296,6 +333,9 @@
|
|||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
"text": "319,000 tons (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -844,7 +884,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
|
|
@ -853,12 +893,12 @@
|
|||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -914,11 +954,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; as of 2021, it numbered about 3,500 troops; KFOR also assists in developing the Kosovo Security Force"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF<br> (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; as of 2021, it numbered about 3,500 troops; KFOR also assists in developing the Kosovo Security Force"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -929,7 +969,7 @@
|
|||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2,004 as a result of violence) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 6,940 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,355 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.4% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.2% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1044,19 +1044,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "18 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "24 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1142,11 +1142,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the Latvian military's inventory is limited and consists of a mixture of Soviet-era and more modern--mostly second-hand--European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from several European countries, as well as the US (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Latvia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (abolished 2007); under current law, every citizen is entitled to serve in the armed forces for life (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Latvia officially became a member of NATO in 2004<br> <p>since 2017, Latvia has hosted a multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by Canada and had about 1,500 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021</p> <p>NATO also has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -321,7 +321,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1037,19 +1037,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "22 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1057,13 +1057,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "39 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "39"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "36 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1147,11 +1147,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Lithuania officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "19-26 years of age for conscripted military service (males); 9-month service obligation; in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; 18-38 for voluntary service (male and female) (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Lithuania officially became a member of NATO in 2004<br> <p>since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by Germany and had about 1,250 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021</p> <p>NATO also has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "19 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1016,18 +1016,18 @@
|
|||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
"text": "9 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "15 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
"text": "5 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1094,11 +1094,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 175 Latvia (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2004; women are eligible to serve (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -137,6 +137,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "18.88% (male 3,403/female 3,986) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "43.7 years"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3.7% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -999,15 +999,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1076,11 +1076,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of Luxembourg's Army is a small mix of European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received small quantities of equipment from Germany, Norway, and Sweden (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Luxembourg is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 1969); Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Luxembourg is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
100
europe/md.json
100
europe/md.json
|
|
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "2.2% (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
"text": "6.1% of GDP (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -625,6 +625,18 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, wheat, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.2 billion - almost 15% of GDP - from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Israel, Russia, and elsewhere.</p><p></p><p>With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $6 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. In 2018, Moldova awarded a tender to Romanian Transgaz to construct a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers. Moldova also seeks to connect with the European power grid by 2022.</p><p></p><p>The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2017, largely driven by increased consumption, increased revenue from agricultural exports, and improved tax collection. During fall 2014, Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU (AA/DCFTA), connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. The EU AA/DCFTA has contributed to significant growth in Moldova’s exports to the EU. In 2017, the EU purchased over 65% of Moldova’s exports, a major change from 20 years previously when the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) received over 69% of Moldova’s exports. A $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; the subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu and a minor recession. Moldova’s growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption, which limits business growth and deters foreign investment, and Russian restrictions on imports of Moldova’s agricultural products. The government’s push to restore stability and implement meaningful reform led to the approval in 2016 of a $179 million three-year IMF program focused on improving the banking and fiscal environments, along with additional assistance programs from the EU, World Bank, and Romania. Moldova received two IMF tranches in 2017, totaling over $42.5 million.</p><p></p><p>Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, energy import dependence, Russian political and economic pressure, heavy dependence on agricultural exports, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$34.68 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$33.482 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$32.101 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "4.5% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -636,6 +648,21 @@
|
|||
"text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$13,050 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$12,373 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$11,651 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.982 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -652,44 +679,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "B3 (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$34.68 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$33.482 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$32.101 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.982 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$13,050 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$12,373 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$11,651 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "16.8% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "15.1% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "16.8% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "17.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -721,20 +710,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-70.7% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "74.4 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "95.7 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "92.3 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "63.6 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "maize, wheat, sunflower seed, grapes, apples, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, barley, plums/sloes"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -794,9 +769,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> National Public Budget"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -808,6 +780,9 @@
|
|||
"text": "35.8% of GDP (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1043,13 +1018,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1057,10 +1032,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1132,6 +1107,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Moldova is constitutionally neutral, but has maintained a relationship with NATO since 1992; bilateral cooperation started when Moldova joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Moldova has contributed small numbers of troops to NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) since 2014, and a civilian NATO liaison office was established in Moldova in 2017 at the request of the Moldovan Government to promote practical cooperation and facilitate support</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -98,6 +98,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "strategic location along the Adriatic coast"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -464,6 +467,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "5.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1039,7 +1045,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1048,7 +1054,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1117,11 +1123,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of the Armed Forces of Montenegro is small and consists mostly of equipment inherited from the former Yugoslavia military, with a limited mix of other imported systems; since 2010, it has received small quantities of equipment from Austria, Turkey, and the US (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Montenegro officially became a member of NATO in 2017"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2006 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Montenegro officially became a member of NATO in 2017"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1134,7 +1140,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "472 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 19,887 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 20,220 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
107
europe/mk.json
107
europe/mk.json
|
|
@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -439,6 +442,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -627,6 +633,18 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law.</p> <p> </p> <p>Macedonia’s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics.</p> <p> </p> <p>Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece.</p> <p> </p> <p>Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$34.333 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$33.268 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$32.331 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -638,6 +656,21 @@
|
|||
"text": "3.9% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$16,479 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$15,972 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$15,529 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.696 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -657,44 +690,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "BB- (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$34.333 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$33.268 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$32.331 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.696 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$16,479 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$15,972 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$15,529 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "31.4% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "32.4% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "31.6% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "10.9% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -726,20 +721,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-69% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "80.7 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "88.6 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "93.9 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "66 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "milk, grapes, wheat, potatoes, green chillies/peppers, cabbages, tomatoes, maize, barley, watermelons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -798,9 +779,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "3.605 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -813,6 +791,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1025,10 +1006,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1036,10 +1017,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1096,11 +1077,11 @@
|
|||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of North Macedonia's Army consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, it has received small amounts of equipment from Ireland and Turkey (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "North Macedonia officially became the 30th member of NATO in 2020"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2007 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "North Macedonia officially became the 30th member of NATO in 2020"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1117,7 +1098,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "558 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 519,001 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 520,750 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -142,6 +142,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "35.15% (male 4,817/female 6,057) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "55.4 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -280,7 +294,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1014,10 +1014,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1086,6 +1086,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Malta maintains a security policy of neutrality, but contributes to EU and UN military missions and joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1995 (suspended in 1996, but reactivated in 2008); it also participates in various bilateral and multinational military exercises; Malta cooperates closely with Italy on defense matters; in 1973, Italy established a military mission in Malta to provide advice, training, and search and rescue assistance</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1096,7 +1099,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,751 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-August 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,751 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -102,6 +102,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde); about a quarter of the country lies below sea level and only about half of the land exceeds one meter above sea level"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -323,7 +326,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -436,6 +439,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "24.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1028,19 +1034,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "23"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1048,10 +1054,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1134,11 +1140,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "270 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Netherlands is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force; conscription abolished in 1996 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Netherlands is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br> <p>since 1973, the Dutch Marine Corps has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force</p> <p>a Dutch Army airmobile infantry brigade and a mechanized infantry brigade have been integrated into the German Army since 2014 and 2016 respectively<br><br></p> in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "7.9% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1016,16 +1016,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "67 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "67"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1033,10 +1033,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "28 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "28"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1114,12 +1114,12 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "120 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Norway is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "19-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; 17 years of age for male volunteers (16 in wartime); 18 years of age for women; 19-month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months from 19-28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2019)",
|
||||
"note": "note - Norway was the first NATO country to allow females to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1988); it also has an all-female commando unit known as <em>Jegertroppen </em>(The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Norway is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br> <p>the Norwegian Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
109
europe/pl.json
109
europe/pl.json
|
|
@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "0.7% (2010/12)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.6% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -653,6 +653,18 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government’s loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth.</p><p></p><p>The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government’s ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU’s 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland’s economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending.</p><p></p><p>Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,261,433,000,000 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,206,640,000,000 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,145,323,000,000 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "4.55% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -664,6 +676,21 @@
|
|||
"text": "4.83% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$33,221 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$31,775 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$30,160 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.1% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -686,44 +713,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "A- (2018)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,261,433,000,000 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,206,640,000,000 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$1,145,323,000,000 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$33,221 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$31,775 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$30,160 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "20.1% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "19.4% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -755,20 +744,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-49.9% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "76.4 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "82.9 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "100 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "64.4 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "milk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -827,9 +802,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "216.2 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "39.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -842,6 +814,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "39.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1074,19 +1049,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "87 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "87"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "30 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "30"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "36 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "36"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1094,13 +1069,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "39 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "39"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "17 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1193,11 +1168,11 @@
|
|||
"text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (June 2021)",
|
||||
"note": "note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance<br> <p>since 2017, Poland has hosted a multi-national NATO battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; the battlegroup is led by the US and had about 1,000 troops on a continuous rotational basis as of 2021</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
107
europe/po.json
107
europe/po.json
|
|
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "0.4% (2015/16)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.7% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -641,6 +641,18 @@
|
|||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members.</p><p></p><p>The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013.</p><p></p><p>The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$358.344 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$350.507 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$340.796 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.24% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -652,6 +664,21 @@
|
|||
"text": "3.51% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$34,894 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$34,083 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$33,086 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$237.698 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -674,44 +701,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "BBB (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$358.344 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$350.507 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$340.796 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$237.698 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$34,894 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "$34,083 (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "$33,086 (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "18.9% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "18.3% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "18% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "2.2% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -743,20 +732,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "-42.1% (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
|
||||
"Overall score": {
|
||||
"text": "76.5 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Starting a Business score": {
|
||||
"text": "90.9 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trading score": {
|
||||
"text": "100 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Enforcement score": {
|
||||
"text": "67.9 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, potatoes, pork, apples, oranges, poultry"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -815,9 +790,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "100 billion (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -830,6 +802,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1062,19 +1037,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "43 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "43"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1082,10 +1057,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "20 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1173,11 +1148,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "1% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1038,16 +1038,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1055,13 +1055,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "16 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "16"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1134,6 +1134,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2011 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Serbia does not aspire to join NATO, but has cooperated with the Alliance since 2006 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1150,7 +1153,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "2,144 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 791,850 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 794,042 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -104,6 +104,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -325,7 +328,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.1% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "3.3% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -452,6 +455,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "5.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1037,16 +1043,16 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1054,10 +1060,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "19 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1144,11 +1150,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Romania officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "conscription ended 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Romania officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1165,7 +1171,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "275 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 8,184 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 8,368 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
"current situation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -95,6 +95,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -314,7 +317,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.9% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -441,6 +444,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "46.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1025,7 +1031,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1037,18 +1043,18 @@
|
|||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
"text": "3 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
"text": "3 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1117,11 +1123,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "230 Kosovo (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Slovenia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Slovenia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1132,7 +1138,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>523,999 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>525,153 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -132,6 +132,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "20.24% (male 3,123/female 3,805) (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "45.2 years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -258,7 +272,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
"text": "3.4% of GDP (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"total population": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -442,7 +456,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Giancarlo VENTURINI and Captain Regent Marco NICOLINI (for the period 1 April 2021 - 1 October 2021)"
|
||||
"text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Francesco MUSSONI and Captain Regent Giacomo SIMONCINI (for the period 1 October 2021 - 1 April 2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -451,10 +465,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections/appointments": {
|
||||
"text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2020 (next to be held in September 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)"
|
||||
"text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2021 (next to be held in March 2022); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "Alessandro MANCINI (PSD) and Grazia ZAFFERANI (RETE Movement) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
|
||||
"text": "Francesco MUSSONI (PDCS) and Giacomo SIMONCINI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -815,11 +829,11 @@
|
|||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings); the Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
|
|||
"respiratory diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 6 October 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,967,200 cases of COVID-19 or 10,494.24 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 183 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 80.73% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "23.8% (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.2% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.2% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
|
|||
"respiratory diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 6 October 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,967,200 cases of COVID-19 or 10,494.24 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 183 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 4 October 2021, 80.73% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "102 (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "102"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1070,18 +1070,18 @@
|
|||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "23"
|
||||
"text": "23 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "33 (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "33"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
"text": "19 (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1170,11 +1170,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 200 Iraq (training mission, counter-ISIS coalition); 350 Latvia (NATO); 625 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 400 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Spain joined NATO in 1982, but refrained from participating in the integrated military structure until 1996"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3 year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat units; no conscription (abolished 2001), but Spanish Government retains right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Spain joined NATO in 1982, but refrained from participating in the integrated military structure until 1996<br> <p>the Spanish Marine Corps, established in 1537, is the oldest marine corps in the world</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "5,914 (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>194,432 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>196,402 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -119,6 +119,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.03% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -165,6 +179,26 @@
|
|||
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Drinking water source": {
|
||||
"improved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"improved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: urban": {
|
||||
"text": "urban: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: rural": {
|
||||
"text": "rural: NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"unimproved: total": {
|
||||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current Health Expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -392,15 +426,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2019)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "7.6% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1008,19 +1008,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "149 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "149"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "75 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "75"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "37 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1028,10 +1028,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "82 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "82"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "77 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "information varies; approximately 16,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); 22,000 Home Guard (2021)"
|
||||
"text": "information varies; approximately 16,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); approximately 22,000 Home Guard (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden, followed by France and Germany; Sweden's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, and naval systems (2020)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1118,6 +1118,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both female and male (age 18), and requires 9-12 months of service (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Sweden maintains a policy of military non-alignment, but cooperates with NATO and regional countries; it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and is one of the Alliance’s most active partners, contributing to recent NATO-led missions in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo</p> <p>the Swedish military cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009<strong> </strong></p> <p>Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and contributes to CSDP missions and operations</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km), <em>(Adriatic Sea)</em> Po (76,997 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea) </em>Rhone (100,543 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -314,7 +317,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "4.9% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -427,6 +430,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "32% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km), <em>(Adriatic Sea)</em> Po (76,997 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea) </em>Rhone (100,543 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1016,19 +1022,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "40 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "40"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "17 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1036,7 +1042,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "23"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1117,6 +1123,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-30 years of age generally for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 245 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by six 19-day intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Switzerland has long maintained a policy of military neutrality, but does occasionally participate in EU, NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and UN military operations; Swiss law excludes participation in combat operations for peace enforcement, and Swiss units will only participate in operations under the mandate of the UN or OSCE; Switzerland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1996; it contributed to the NATO-led Kosovo peace-support force (KFOR) in 1999 and as of 2021, continued doing so with about 165 personnel; Switzerland also provided a small number of staff officers to the NATO mission in Afghanistan from 2004-2007</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
|
|||
"respiratory diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 19 July 2021, the UK has reported a total of 5,473,481 cases of COVID-19 or 8,062.75 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 189.62 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 66.22% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 6 October 2021, the UK has reported a total of 7,967,989 cases of COVID-19 or 11,737.31 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 202.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 71.89% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "27.8% (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5.2% of GDP (2018)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
|
|||
"respiratory diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 19 July 2021, the UK has reported a total of 5,473,481 cases of COVID-19 or 8,062.75 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 189.62 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 66.22% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 6 October 2021, the UK has reported a total of 7,967,989 cases of COVID-19 or 11,737.31 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 202.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 October 2021, 71.89% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1035,19 +1035,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "271 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "271"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "29 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "89 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "89"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "80 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "80"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "66 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1055,13 +1055,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "189 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "189"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "160 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1153,11 +1153,11 @@
|
|||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 830 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK withdrew all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,400 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approx. 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; conscription abolished in 1963 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br> <p>in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for UK-French bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance</p> <p>in 2014, the UK led the formation of the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF), a pool of high-readiness military forces from Baltic and Scandinavian countries able to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict; its principal geographic area of interest is the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions, where the JEF can complement national capabilities or NATO’s deterrence posture, although it is designed to be flexible and prepared to respond to humanitarian crises further afield; the JEF consists of 10 countries (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK) and was declared operational in 2018; most of the forces in the pool are British, and the UK provides the most rapidly deployable units as well as the command and control elements</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -102,6 +102,9 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km), Don (458,694 sq km), Dnieper (533,966 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -322,7 +325,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -449,6 +452,9 @@
|
|||
"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
|
||||
"text": "3.2% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km), Don (458,694 sq km), Dnieper (533,966 sq km)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -498,7 +504,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); plans include the eventual renaming of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts, but because these names are mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, the change will require a constitutional amendment\r\n<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the US Government does not recognize Russia's illegal annexation of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol, nor their redesignation as the \"Republic of Crimea\" and the \"Federal City of Sevastopol\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Independence": {
|
||||
"text": "24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed; 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)"
|
||||
"text": "24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed); 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence from Soviet Russia, and the date the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1043,19 +1049,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with paved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "108 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "108"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "13 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "13"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "42 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "42"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "28 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1063,13 +1069,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "79 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "79"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "69 (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1154,11 +1160,11 @@
|
|||
"text": "250 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2021)",
|
||||
"note": "note - Ukraine contributes about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Ukrainian military’s primary concern is Russia’s material support for armed separatist forces in the eastern provinces of Donetsk and Luhansk where the conflict has become stalemated along a 250-mile front known as the line of contact; since the cease-fire of October 2019, Ukrainian military casualties along the front line have fallen significantly despite continued sporadic exchanges of fire through 2020 and into 2021"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "conscription abolished in 2012, but reintroduced in 2014; 20-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months; note - the Ukrainian military has a mix of conscript and professional soldiers on contracts; by law, conscripts cannot serve on the frontlines but have the opportunity to sign short or long-term contracts upon the expiration of their terms of service<br> (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Ukrainian military’s primary concern is Russia’s material support for armed separatist forces in the eastern provinces of Donetsk and Luhansk where the conflict has become stalemated along a 250-mile front known as the line of contact; since the cease-fire of October 2019, Ukrainian military casualties along the front line have fallen significantly despite continued sporadic exchanges of fire through 2020 and 2021<br> <p>since 2014, the Ukrainian military has undertaken considerable efforts to improve its capabilities; it has sought to implement reforms in line with NATO standards, improve individual and unit training, revise doctrine, upgrade arms and equipment, streamline command and control, reduce reliance on conscripts, and expand elite units such as the Air Assault and Special Operations Forces; the military also has received considerable assistance and material support from NATO and the US</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -117,6 +117,20 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
"total dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"youth dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elderly dependency ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"potential support ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -474,11 +488,11 @@
|
|||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia); the Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City (Corpo della Gendarmeriais) is a police force that helps augment the Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps during the Pope’s appearances, as well as providing general security, traffic direction, and investigative duties for the Vatican City State (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps: 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be Roman Catholic, a single male, and a Swiss citizen, with a secondary education; service is for 26 months (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue