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}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]<br>Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]<br>Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]<br>Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]<br>Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Fethi GHARES]<br>Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]<br>El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]<br>El-Islah [Filali GHOUINI]<br>Ennahda [Yazid BENAICHA]<br>Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]<br>Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]<br>Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]<br>Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]<br>Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]<br>Movement for National Reform or Islah [Filali GHOUINI]<br>Movement of National Understanding or MEN<br>Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MAKRI]<br>National Construction Movement or Harakat Al-bina' Al-watanii [Abdelkader BENGRINA]<br>National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Tayeb ZITOUNI]<br>National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]<br>National Liberation Front or FLN [Abou El Fadhel BAADJI]<br>National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]<br>National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]<br>National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]<br>New Dawn Party or El-Fajr El-Jadid [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]<br>New Generation or Jil Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI]<br>Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]<br>Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel Ben ZIADI]<br>Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]<br>Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]<br>Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]<br>Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]<br>Vanguard of Liberties or Talaie El Hurriyet [Abdelkader SAADI]<br>Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]<br>Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]",
"text": "Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]<br>Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]<br>Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]<br>Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]<br>Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Fethi GHARES]<br>Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]<br>El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]<br>El-Islah [Filali GHOUINI]<br>Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]<br>Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]<br>Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]<br>Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]<br>Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]<br>Movement for National Reform or Islah [Filali GHOUINI]<br>Movement of National Understanding or MEN<br>Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MAKRI]<br>National Construction Movement (Harakat Al-bina' Al-watanii) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]<br>National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Tayeb ZITOUNI]<br>National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]<br>National Liberation Front or FLN [Abou El Fadhel BAADJI]<br>National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]<br>National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]<br>National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]<br>New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]<br>New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]<br>Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]<br>Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel Ben ZIADI]<br>Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]<br>Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]<br>Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]<br>Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]<br>Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Abdelkader SAADI]<br>Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]<br>Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@
"text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from a variety of countries, with Russia as the leading supplier (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (including women); 19-30 years of age for compulsory service (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2022)",
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 70% of the military"
},
"Military - note": {

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},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 29 August 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 29 August 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government (2022)"
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government (2022)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 29 August 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 29 August 2022) (2022)"
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022) (2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@
"text": "most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian, Soviet, or Warsaw Pact origin; since 2010, Russia has been&nbsp;the principal supplier of military hardware to Angola (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2021)"
"text": "20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) <br><br>the Angolan Armed Forces are responsible for external security but also have domestic security responsibilities, including border security, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale actions against groups like the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda separatists in Cabinda (2022)"

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},
"Elevation": {
"highest point": {
"text": "Manyelanong Hill 1,495 m<br>note - the Factbook map is incorrect; it shows the wrong high elevation"
"text": "Manyelanong Hill 1,495 m"
},
"lowest point": {
"text": "junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m"

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},
"Elevation": {
"highest point": {
"text": "unnamed elevation located 2.5 km southeast of the town of Kotopounga 675 m<br>note - the Factbook map is incorrect; it shows the wrong high elevation"
"text": "unnamed elevation 675 m; located 2.5 km southeast of the town of Kotopounga"
},
"lowest point": {
"text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
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"text": "the FAB is equipped with a small mix of mostly older French and Soviet-era equipment (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-35 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2021)"
"text": "18-35 years of age for voluntary and selective compulsory military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript service is 18 months (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)"

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"text": "the DRC has two time zones"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "founded as a trading post in 1881 and named Leopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of the Belgians, who controlled the Congo Free State, the vast central African territory that became the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960; in 1966, Leopoldville was renamed Kinshasa, after a village of that name that once stood near the site"
"text": "founded as a trading post in 1881 and named Leopoldville in honor of King LEOPOLD II of the Belgians, who controlled the Congo Free State, the vast central African territory that became the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960; in 1966, Leopoldville was renamed Kinshasa, after a village of that name that once stood near the site"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "210,067 (Rwanda), 206,967 (Central African Republic), 56,303 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,798 (Burundi) (2022)"
"text": "210,067 (Rwanda), 211,953 (Central African Republic), 55,285 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,808 (Burundi) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "5.53 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2022)"

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"text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after Malabo Lopelo Melaka (1837&ndash;1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko; the name of the new capital, Ciudad de la Paz, translates to \"City of Peace\" in Spanish"
"text": "named after King MALABO (Malabo Lopelo Melaka) (1837&ndash;1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko; the name of the new capital, Ciudad de la Paz, translates to \"City of Peace\" in Spanish"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

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},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Eritrean Defense Forces: Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force); Hizbawi Serawit (aka People's Army or People's Militia) (2022)"
"text": "Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF): Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force); Hizbawi Serawit (aka People's Army or People's Militia) (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
@ -1167,14 +1167,14 @@
"text": "limited available information; estimated 150,000-200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Eritrean Defense Forces inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, followed by Belarus; in 2019, Eritrea expressed interest in purchasing Russian arms, including missile boats, helicopters, and small arms (2021)"
"text": "the EDF inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea; in 2019, Eritrea expressed interest in purchasing Russian arms, including missile boats, helicopters, and small arms (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service (18-27 for female conscription); 18-month conscript service obligation, which includes 4-6 months of military training and one‐year of military or other national service (military service is most common); note - in practice, military service is often extended indefinitely (2021)",
"text": "Eritrea mandates military service for all citizens between the ages of 18 and 40 (18-27 for women if conscripted); 18-month conscript service obligation, which includes 4-6 months of military training and one‐year of military or other national service (military service is most common); note - in practice, military service is often extended indefinitely (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, women were estimated to make up as much as 30% of the Eritrean military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "in 2020-2021, the EDF assisted the Ethiopian Government in its war with the Tigray regional government, providing ground forces and combat aircraft; during the fighting, the EDF was accused of committing human rights abuses against civilians (2022)"
"text": "since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray War (2020-2022) (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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"text": "5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "each of the nine states has a regional and/or a \"special\" paramilitary security forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the Ethiopian Federal Police, and the Ethiopian military<br><br>since November 2020, the Government of Ethiopia has been engaged in a protracted military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the government deemed a TPLF attack on Ethiopia military forces as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned Ethiopian Government action to remove it from the provincial government; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported; in March 2022, the Ethiopian Government declared a  truce to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid into the Tigray region; the TPLF reciprocated with a truce of its own; however, fighting between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government resumed in August 2022<br><br>the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it was reported to have up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict<br><br>in 2022, the ENDF was also engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara<br><br>in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further such incursions (2022)"
"text": "each of the states have regional and/or a \"special\" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the Ethiopian Federal Police, and the Ethiopian military<br><br>since November 2020, the Government of Ethiopia has been engaged in a protracted military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the government deemed a TPLF attack on Ethiopia military forces as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned Ethiopian Government action to remove it from the provincial government; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported; in March 2022, the Ethiopian Government declared a  truce to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid into the Tigray region; the TPLF reciprocated with a truce of its own; however, fighting between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government resumed in August 2022<br><br>the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it was reported to have up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict<br><br>in 2022, the ENDF was also engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara<br><br>in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further such incursions (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President William RUTO (since 13 September 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - position of the prime minister was abolished after the March 2013 elections"
"text": "President William RUTO (since 13 September 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the National Assembly"
@ -629,18 +629,18 @@
"text": "president and deputy president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving an absolute majority popular vote, the presidential candidate must also win at least 25% of the votes cast in at least 24 of the 47 counties to avoid a runoff; election last held on 26 October 2017 (next to be held on 9 August 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2017</em>: Uhuru KENYATTA reelected president; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (Jubilee Party) 98.3%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 1%, other 0.7%; note - Kenya held a previous presidential election on 8 August 2017, but Kenya's Supreme Court on 1 September 2017 nullified the results, citing irregularities; the political opposition boycotted the October vote<br><br><em>2013</em>:  Uhuru KENYATTA elected president in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (TNA) 50.1%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI (UDF) 4.0%, other 2.2% "
"text": "<em>2017</em>: Uhuru KENYATTA reelected president; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (Jubilee Party) 98.3%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 1%, other 0.7%; note - Kenya held a previous presidential election on 8 August 2017, but Kenya's Supreme Court on 1 September 2017 nullified the results, citing irregularities; the political opposition boycotted the October vote<br><br><em>2013</em>:  Uhuru KENYATTA elected president in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (TNA) 50.1%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI (UDF) 4.0%, other 2.2%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (68 seats; 47 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 20 directly elected by proportional representation vote - 16 women, 2 representing youth, 2 representing the disabled, and the Senate speaker; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (350 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 47 women in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote, and 12 members nominated by the National Assembly - 6 representing youth and 6 representing the disabled, and the Assembly speaker; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (68 seats; 47 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 20 directly elected by proportional representation vote - 16 women, 2 representing youth, 2 representing the disabled, and one Senate speaker; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (350 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 47 women in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote, and 12 members nominated by the National Assembly - 6 representing youth and 6 representing the disabled, and one Assembly speaker; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 8 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)<br>National Assembly - last held on 8 August 2017 (next to be held on 9 August 2022)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held in August 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held in August 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Jubilee Party 24; National Super Alliance 28, other 14, independent 1; composition - men 46, women 22, percent of women is 32.4%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Jubilee Party 165, National Super Alliance 119, other 51, independent 13; composition - men 275, women 75, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 23%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Kenya Kwanza 34; Azimio La Umoja 33; composition - men 47, women 21, percent of women is 31%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Azimio La Umoja 173, Kenya Kwanza 161, independent 12, other 3; composition - men 275, women 75, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 23%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Assembly Parties:<br>Amani National Congress or ANC [Musalia MUDAVADI]<br>Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGA]<br>Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Moses WETANGULA] merged into Jubilee Party in 2016<br>Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-P (merged into Jubilee Party in 2016)<br>Jubilee Party [Uhuru KENYATTA]<br>Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]<br>National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Charity NGILU]<br>Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]<br>Wiper Democratic Movement-K or WDM-K (formerly Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]"
"text": "<p>Azimio La Umoja–One Kenya Coalition Party [Raila ODINGA] (includes DAP-K, JP, KANU, KUP, MCC, MDG, ODM, PAA, UDM, UDP, UPA, UPIA, and WDM-K)<br>Amani National Congress or ANC [Musalia MUDAVADI]<br>Chama Cha Kazi or CCK [Moses KURIA]<br>Democratic Action Party or DAP-K [Wafula WAMUNYINYI]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Joseph MUNYAO, Chairman]<br>Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Kenya or FORD-Kenya  [Moses WETANGULA]<br>Grand Dream Development Party or GDDP [Fabian KYULE]           <br>Independents  <br>Jubilee Party or JP [Uhuru KENYATTA]<br>Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]<br>Kenya Kwanza coalition [William RUTO] (includes ANC, CCK, DP, FORD-Kenya, TSP, and UDA)<br>Kenya Union Party or KUP [John LONYANGAPUO]<br>Maendeleo Chap Chap Party or MCC [Alfred MUTUA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Growth or MDG [David OCHIENG]<br>National Agenda Party or NAP-K [Alfayo AGUFANA]                        <br>National Ordinary People Empowerment Union or NOPEU [Rodgers MPURU, Secretary General}<br>Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA]<br>Pamoja African Alliance or PAA [Amason KINGI]<br>The Service Party or TSP [Mwangi KIUNJURI]<br>United Democratic Alliance or UDA [William RUTO]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Philip MURGOR]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Cyrus Jirongo]                                                <br>United Party of Independent Alliance or UPIA [Ukur YATANI]                                      <br>United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Kenneth NYAMWAMU]                                        <br>Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya or WDM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]   <br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly and Senate included             </p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCT, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO, WTO"

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@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after James Monroe (1758-1831), the fifth president of the United States and supporter of the colonization of Liberia by freed slaves; one of two national capitals named for a US president, the other is Washington, D.C."
"text": "named after James MONROE (1758-1831), the fifth president of the United States and supporter of the colonization of Liberia by freed slaves; one of two national capitals named for a US president, the other is Washington, D.C."
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

2
africa/ma.json
View file

@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
"text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the name, which means \"City of the Thousand,\" was bestowed by 17th century King Adrianjakaking to honor the soldiers assigned to guard the city"
"text": "the name, which means \"City of the Thousand,\" was bestowed by 17th century King ADRIANJAKAKING to honor the soldiers assigned to guard the city"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

6
africa/mo.json
View file

@ -1272,8 +1272,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Royal Armed Forces: Royal Moroccan Army (includes the Moroccan Royal Guard), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force; Ministry of Defense (aka Administration of National Defense): Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: National Police, Auxiliary Forces  (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the National Police manages internal law enforcement in cities; the Royal Gendarmerie is responsible for law enforcement in rural regions and on national highways<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Auxiliary Forces provide support to the Gendarmerie and National Police; it includes a Mobile Intervention Corps, a motorized paramilitary security force that supplements the military and the police as needed <br><br> "
"text": "Royal Armed Forces: Royal Moroccan Army (includes the Moroccan Royal Guard), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force; Ministry of Defense (aka Administration of National Defense): Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: National Police, Auxiliary Forces (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the National Police manages internal law enforcement in cities; the Royal Gendarmerie is responsible for law enforcement in rural regions and on national highways<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Auxiliary Forces provide support to the Gendarmerie and National Police; it includes a Mobile Intervention Corps, a motorized paramilitary security force that supplements the military and the police as needed<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>the Moroccan Royal Guard was established in the 11th century and is considered one of the world's oldest active units still in military service <br><br> "
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@
"text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 925 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Moroccan military forces were engaged in combat operations against the Polisario Front (aka Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro or Frente Polisario) from 1975 until a UN-brokered cease-fire in 1991; a 2,500-kilometer long sand berm, built in 1987, separates the forces of Morocco and the Polisario Front<br><br>the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2022 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)-led confidence building measures with personnel and air and ground assets<br><br>Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments</p>"
"text": "Moroccan military forces were engaged in combat operations against the Polisario Front (aka Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro or Frente Polisario) from 1975 until a UN-brokered cease-fire in 1991; a 2,500-kilometer long sand berm, built in 1987, separates the forces of Morocco and the Polisario Front<br><br>the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2022 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)-led confidence building measures with personnel and air and ground assets<br><br>Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

2
africa/mp.json
View file

@ -498,7 +498,7 @@
"text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after Louis XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius&nbsp;and a major reprovisioning stop for French ships traveling between Europe and Asia"
"text": "named after LOUIS XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius and a major reprovisioning stop for French ships traveling between Europe and Asia"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

6
africa/od.json
View file

@ -1072,14 +1072,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>some active SSPDF personnel may be militia; the National/Necessary Unified Forces (NUF) will have about 50-80,000 troops from the SSPDF and armed opposition groups when it is formed; as of August 2022, approximately 20,000 NUF had been trained"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; from 2010 to 2015, Russia and the United Arab Emirates were the leading suppliers of arms and equipment; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2022)"
"text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; 12-24 months service (2022)",
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscription only for men; women may volunteer; 12-24 months service (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019, women made up less than 10% of the active military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and that same year the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, overall progress has been limited, and as of early 2022, formation of the National Unified Forces was still pending<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of mid-2022<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of mid-2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,000 personnel deployed"
"text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of mid-2022<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of mid-2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,000 personnel deployed"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
africa/rw.json
View file

@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "76,530 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,352 (Burundi) (2022)"
"text": "76,530 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,349 (Burundi) (2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "9,500 (mid-year 2021)"

4
africa/se.json
View file

@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
"text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "founded as L'etablissement in 1778 by French colonists, the town was renamed in 1841 by the British after Queen Victoria (1819-1901); \"victoria\" is the Latin word for \"victory\""
"text": "founded as L'etablissement in 1778 by French colonists, the town was renamed in 1841 by the British after Queen VICTORIA (1819-1901); \"victoria\" is the Latin word for \"victory\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@
"text": "approximately 500 personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SDF's inventory primarily consists of Soviet-era equipment delivered in the 1970s and 1980s; since 2010, the SDF has received limited amounts of more modern equipment (mostly donations of patrol boats and aircraft) from several suppliers led by China and India (2022)"
"text": "the SDF's inventory primarily consists of Soviet-era equipment delivered in the 1970s and 1980s; since 2010, the SDF has received limited amounts of more modern equipment, mostly donations of patrol boats and aircraft, from several suppliers led by China and India (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-28 (18-25 for officers) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year initial commitment; no conscription (2022)"

9
africa/sf.json
View file

@ -1275,7 +1275,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "South African National Defense Force (SANDF): South African Army (includes Reserve Force), South African Navy (SAN), South African Air Force (SAAF), South African Military Health Services<br><br>the South African Police Service includes a Special Task Force for counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and hostage rescue operations (2022)"
"text": "South African National Defense Force (SANDF): South African Army (includes Reserve Force), South African Navy (SAN), South African Air Force (SAAF), South African Military Health Services; Ministry of Police: South African Police Service (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the South African Police Service includes a Special Task Force for counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and hostage rescue operations"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1295,10 +1296,10 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 75,000 personnel (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force; 8,000 Military Health Service; 10,000 other, including administrative, logistics, military police); 180,000 South African Police Service (2022)"
"text": "approximately 75,000 active duty personnel (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force; 8,000 Military Health Service; 10,000 other, including administrative, logistics, military police); 180,000 South African Police Service (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SANDF's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and foreign-supplied equipment; South Africa's domestic defense industry produced most of the Army's major weapons systems (some were jointly-produced with foreign companies), while the Air Force and Navy inventories include a mix of European-, Israeli-, and US-origin weapons systems; since 2010, Sweden is the largest supplier of weapons to the SANDF (2021)"
"text": "the SANDF's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and foreign-supplied equipment; South Africa's domestic defense industry produced most of the Army's major weapons systems (some were jointly-produced with foreign companies), while the Air Force and Navy inventories include a mix of European-, Israeli-, and US-origin weapons systems; since 2010, Sweden has been the largest supplier of weapons to the SANDF (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2021)",
@ -1308,7 +1309,7 @@
"text": "1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa&rsquo;s most capable militaries; it participated regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and had the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls (2022)"
"text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa&rsquo;s most capable militaries; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls; it participates regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and has the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

6
africa/sg.json
View file

@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
"text": "President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "0n 11 December 2021, the National Assembly approved a constitutional amendment re-establishing the position of Prime Minister which SALL eliminated after his re-election in 2019; the new Prime Minister will be appointed in early 2022."
"text": "Prime Minister Amadou BA (since 17 September 2022)<br>"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@
"text": "1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $490 million)"
@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@
"text": "approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; since 2010, it has received newer equipment from nearly 15 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2022)"
"text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; since 2010, it has received small amounts of newer equipment from more than 10 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2022)"

2
africa/sh.json
View file

@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "founded in 1659 and named after James, Duke of York, who would become King James II of England (r. 1785-1788)"
"text": "founded in 1659 and named after James, Duke of York, who would become King JAMES II of England (r. 1785-1788)"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

4
africa/sl.json
View file

@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): operates under a Joint Force Command with Land Forces, Maritime Forces, and an Air Wing (2022)"
"text": "Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): operates under a Joint Force Command with Land Forces, Maritime Forces, and an Air Wing; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Sierre Leone Police (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
"text": "approximately 9,000 personnel, mostly ground forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the RSLAF's small inventory includes a mix of Soviet-origin and other older foreign-supplied equipment; since 2010, it has received limited quantities of material (mostly donations of second-hand equipment) from China and South Africa (2022)"
"text": "the RSLAF has a small inventory that includes a mix of Soviet-origin and other older foreign-supplied equipment; it has received limited amounts of mostly donations and second-hand equipment since 2010 (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-29 for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve; no conscription (2022)"

10
africa/so.json
View file

@ -1114,8 +1114,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Ministry of Defense: Somali National Army (SNA); Ministry of Internal Security: Somali National Police (SNP, includes a maritime unit and a Turkish-trained commando unit known as Harmacad, or Cheetah) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Somalia has numerous militia and regional forces operating throughout the country; these forces include ones that are clan- and warlord-based, semi-official paramilitary and special police forces (aka <em>darwish</em>), and externally-sponsored militias; the SNA is attempting to incorporate some of these militia units<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Somaliland has army and naval forces under the Somaliland Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces"
"text": "Ministry of Defense: Somali National Army (SNA); Ministry of Internal Security: Somali National Police (SNP, includes a maritime unit and a Turkish-trained commando unit known as Harmacad, or Cheetah); National Security and Intelligence Agency (includes a commando/counterterrorism unit) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Somalia has numerous militia and regional forces operating throughout the country; these forces include ones that are clan- and warlord-based, semi-official paramilitary and special police forces (aka darwish), and externally-sponsored militias; the SNA is attempting to incorporate some of these militia units<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Somaliland has army and naval forces under the Somaliland Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
@ -1135,17 +1135,17 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "estimates vary widely due to inconsistent data and ongoing efforts to integrate various militias; estimated 10-20,000 active duty SNA personnel (2022)",
"text": "estimates vary widely due to inconsistent data and ongoing efforts to integrate various militias; up to 20,000 active duty SNA personnel (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in 2017, the Somali Government announced a plan for the SNA to eventually number about 18,000 troops; the same plan called for 32,000 federal and regional police<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2021, there were up to 50,000 militia forces were estimated to be operating in the country"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, second-hand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; since 2015, it has received small quantities of second-hand equipment from up to 10 different countries, usually as aid/donations (2021)"
"text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, second-hand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; since 2015, it has received small quantities of second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, usually as aid/donations (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscription is authorized but not currently utilized (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2022, large parts of southern and central Somalia remained outside government control and under the control of the insurgent Islamist group al-Shabaab (see Appendix T)<br><br>as of 2022, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that lacked the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; in 2020-2021, the Danab Brigade conducted most of the SNA’s offensive operations in Somalia and nearly all counterterrorism operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group; as of 2022, it numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops</p> the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in May 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 (updated in 2021) to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community<br><br>the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to AMISOM, UNSOM, the Somali National Army, and the Somali Police Force on joint operations with AMISOM<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia; the UAE also maintains a military presence in Somalia (Somaliland)"
"text": "as of 2022, the Somali National Army (SNA) and supporting security and militia forces were actively conducting operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); al-Shabaab controlled large parts of southern and central Somalia <br><br>as of 2022, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that were assessed to lack the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; as of 2022, the Danab Brigade numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops<br><br>the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in April 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 and updated in 2021 to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community; the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to ATMIS, UNSOM, and the Somali security forces on joint operations with ATMIS<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US, UK, and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia (the US has also supported the SNA with air strikes); the UAE maintains a military presence in Somaliland (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa</p>"

8
africa/su.json
View file

@ -1262,14 +1262,14 @@
"text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet-era, Ukrainian, and domestically-produced weapons systems; since 2010, the leading arms providers to the SAF have been Belarus, China, Russia, and Ukraine; North Korea has also provided arms; Sudan has a domestic arms industry that manufactures ammunition, small arms, and armored vehicles, largely based on older Chinese and Russian systems (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation (2022)",
"note": "note - implementation of conscription is reportedly uneven"
"text": "18-33 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service for men and women; 1-2 year service obligation (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> implementation of conscription is reportedly uneven"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022<br><br>in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a joint security force comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations (2022)"
"text": "<p>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022<br><br>in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed trainingmake note of the official name (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "807,532 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 130,379 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,480 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,555 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 24,285 (Central African Republic) (2022)"
"text": "814,071 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 130,379 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,480 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,555 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 24,285 (Central African Republic) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "3,036,593 (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2022)"

4
africa/to.json
View file

@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in January 2022, the Togolese Government announced its intent to boost the size of the FAT to more than 20,000 by 2025"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2022)"
"text": "the FAT has a small, mixed inventory of mostly older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, China, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, South Africa, the UK, and the US (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; no conscription; women have been able to serve since 2007 (2022)"
@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@
"text": "730 (plus about 300 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, as well as increase its role in UN peacekeeping activities; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea<br><br>in June 2022, the Togolese Government declared a state of emergency in its northern border region due to the threat from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), an al-Qa'ida-affiliated terrorist coalition that is based in Mali, but also operates in neighboring Burkina Faso; the declaration followed an attack on a Togolese military post in May that killed 8 soldiers and a Togolese military operation launched the same month to boost border security and prevent terrorist infiltrations (2022)"
"text": "the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, as well as increase its role in UN peacekeeping activities; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force has increased focus on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea <br><br>in June 2022, the Togolese Government declared a state of emergency in its northern border region due to the threat from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida-affiliated militant groups based in Mali that also operates in neighboring Burkina Faso; the declaration followed an attack on a Togolese military post in May that killed 8 soldiers and a Togolese military operation launched the same month to boost border security and prevent terrorist infiltrations (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""

5
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -1153,7 +1153,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP), Presidential Guard, National Guard (2022)"
"text": "Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP), Presidential Guard, National Guard (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Army and Coast Guard are responsible for external security while the public security police and judicial police maintain internal security; both the public security police and the military report to the Ministry of Defense and Internal Affairs; the judicial police report to the Ministry of Justice, Public Administration, and Human Rights"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"text": "Not available"
@ -1168,7 +1169,7 @@
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and a few small patrol boats; as of 2021, it did not have an air force</p>"
"text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and a few small patrol boats (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""

12
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
"text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "Dar es Salaam was the name given by Majid bin Said, the first sultan of Zanzibar, to the new city he founded on the Indian Ocean coast; the Arabic name is commonly translated as \"abode/home of peace\"; Dodoma, in the native Gogo language, means \"it has sunk\"; supposedly, one day during the rainy season, an elephant drowned in the area; the villagers in that place were so struck by what had occurred, that ever since the locale has been referred to as the place where \"it (the elephant) sunk\""
"text": "Dar es Salaam was the name given by Majid BIN SAID, the first sultan of Zanzibar, to the new city he founded on the Indian Ocean coast; the Arabic name is commonly translated as \"abode/home of peace\"; Dodoma, in the native Gogo language, means \"it has sunk\"; supposedly, one day during the rainy season, an elephant drowned in the area; the villagers in that place were so struck by what had occurred, that ever since the locale has been referred to as the place where \"it (the elephant) sunk\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -1274,8 +1274,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Tanzania People's Defense Forces (TPDF or Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force, National Building Army (Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa, JKT), People's Militia (Reserves); Ministry of Home Affairs: Tanzania Police force (includes paramilitary Police Field Force) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the National Building Army is a paramilitary organization under the Defense Forces that provides 6 months of military and vocational training to individuals as part of their 2 years of public service; after completion of training, some graduates join the regular Defense Forces while the remainder become part of the People's (or Citizen's) Militia<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Police Field Force (aka Field Force Unit) is a special police division with the responsibility for controlling unlawful demonstrations and riots"
"text": "Tanzania People's Defense Forces (TPDF or Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force, National Building Army (Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa, JKT), People's Militia (Reserves); Ministry of Home Affairs: Tanzania Police Force (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the National Building Army is a paramilitary organization under the Defense Forces that provides 6 months of military and vocational training to individuals as part of their 2 years of public service; after completion of training, some graduates join the regular Defense Forces while the remainder become part of the People's (or Citizen's) Militia<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Tanzania Police Force includes the Police Field Force (aka Field Force Unit), a special police division with the responsibility for controlling unlawful demonstrations and riots"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@
"text": "approximately 25,000 active duty personnel (21,000 Land Forces; 1,000 Naval Forces; 3,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the TPDF inventory includes mostly Soviet-era and Chinese equipment; since 2010, China has been the leading supplier of arms to the TPDF (2022)"
"text": "the TPDF's inventory includes mostly Soviet-era and Chinese equipment; since 2010, China has been the leading supplier of arms to the TPDF (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-year commitment (2-year contracts afterwards); selective conscription for 2 years of public service (2022)"
@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@
"text": "450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "in 2021-2022, Tanzania deployed additional troops to its border with Mozambique and contributed troops to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) intervention force that was assisting the Mozambique Government's fight against Islamic militants"
"text": "in 2021-2022, Tanzania contributed troops to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) intervention force that was assisting the Mozambique Government's fight against Islamic militants"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships</p>"
@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "126,971 (Burundi), 80,743 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
"text": "126,497 (Burundi), 80,743 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

4
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@
"text": "6,800 Somalia (6,200 ATMIS; 625 UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (training mission) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates<br><br>as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs</p> <p>beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat</p> <p>Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020<br><br>the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (“KAR”) in 1902, which participated in both world wars; the UPDF was established in 1995</p>"
"text": "<p>the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates<br><br>as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs</p> <p>beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020<br><br>the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the Uganda People's Defense Force was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "920,768 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 440,365 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 60,394 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,851 (Burundi), 26,108 (Rwanda), 24,631 (Eritrea) (2022)"
"text": "911,255 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 440,365 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 61,853 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,167 (Burundi), 26,108 (Rwanda), 24,631 (Eritrea) (2022)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

2
africa/wz.json
View file

@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after a Swati chief, Mbabane Kunene, who lived in the area at the onset of British settlement"
"text": "named after a Swati chief, Mbabane KUNENE, who lived in the area at the onset of British settlement"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

4
africa/za.json
View file

@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after a village called Lusaka, located at Manda Hill, near where Zambia's National Assembly building currently stands; the village was named after a headman (chief) Lusakasa"
"text": "named after a village called Lusaka, located at Manda Hill, near where Zambia's National Assembly building currently stands; the village was named after a headman (chief) LUSAKASA"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@
"text": "the ZDF's inventory is largely comprised of Chinese, Russian, and Soviet-era armaments; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of arms to Zambia (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (16 with parental consent); no conscription; 12-year enlistment period (7 years active, 5 in the Reserves) (2021)"
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (16 with parental consent); no conscription; 12-year enlistment period (7 years active, 5 in the Reserves) (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "930 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)"