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Native CLI i18n: The TrustGraph CLI has built-in translation support that dynamically loads language strings. You can test and use different languages by simply passing the --lang flag (e.g., --lang es for Spanish, --lang ru for Russian) or by configuring your environment's LANG variable. Automated Docs Translations: This PR introduces autonomously translated Markdown documentation into several target languages, including Spanish, Swahili, Portuguese, Turkish, Hindi, Hebrew, Arabic, Simplified Chinese, and Russian.
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| layout | title | parent |
|---|---|---|
| default | 本体结构技术规范 | Chinese (Beta) |
本体结构技术规范
Beta Translation: This document was translated via Machine Learning and as such may not be 100% accurate. All non-English languages are currently classified as Beta.
概述
本规范描述了 TrustGraph 系统中本体的结构和格式。 本体提供正式的知识模型,定义类、属性、以及它们之间的关系,从而支持推理和推断功能。 该系统采用基于 OWL 的配置格式,广泛地表示 OWL/RDFS 概念,同时针对 TrustGraph 的特定需求进行了优化。
命名约定: 该项目使用 kebab-case 格式(例如,natural-world、domain-model、configuration keys、API endpoints、module names 等)来表示所有标识符,而不是 snake_case。
目标
- 类和属性管理: 定义类似 OWL 的类,并包含属性、域、范围以及类型约束
- 强大的语义支持: 启用全面的 RDFS/OWL 属性,包括标签、多语言支持以及正式约束
- 多本体支持: 允许多个本体共存并相互协作
- 验证和推理: 确保本体符合 OWL 类似的标准,包括一致性检查和推理支持
- 标准兼容性: 支持以标准格式(Turtle、RDF/XML、OWL/XML)进行导入/导出,同时保持内部优化
背景
TrustGraph 将本体存储为配置项,采用灵活的键值系统。 尽管该格式受到 OWL (Web Ontology Language) 的启发,但它针对 TrustGraph 的特定用例进行了优化,并且并非完全符合所有 OWL 规范。
在 TrustGraph 中,本体能够实现以下功能:
- 定义对象类型及其属性
- 规范属性的域、范围和类型约束
- 进行逻辑推理
- 定义复杂的关系和数量约束
- 支持多种语言,用于国际化
本体结构
配置存储
本体以配置项的形式存储,具有以下模式:
- 类型:
ontology - 键: 唯一本体标识符(例如,
natural-world、domain-model) - 值: 完整的本体,采用 JSON 格式
JSON 结构
本体的 JSON 格式主要包含四个部分:
1. 元数据
包含本体的行政和描述性信息:
{
"metadata": {
"name": "The natural world",
"description": "Ontology covering the natural order",
"version": "1.0.0",
"created": "2025-09-20T12:07:37.068Z",
"modified": "2025-09-20T12:12:20.725Z",
"creator": "current-user",
"namespace": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world",
"imports": ["http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"]
}
}
字段:
name: 本体的人类可读名称description: 本体目的的简要描述version: 语义版本号created: 创建时间 (ISO 8601 格式)modified: 最后修改时间 (ISO 8601 格式)creator: 创建用户的/系统的标识符namespace: 本体元素的基 URIimports: 导入本体 URI 数组
2. 类
定义对象类型及其层次关系:
{
"classes": {
"animal": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#animal",
"type": "owl:Class",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "Animal", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "An animal",
"rdfs:subClassOf": "lifeform",
"owl:equivalentClass": ["creature"],
"owl:disjointWith": ["plant"],
"dcterms:identifier": "ANI-001"
}
}
}
支持的属性:
uri: 类的完整 URItype: 始终为"owl:Class"rdfs:label: 语言标记的标签数组rdfs:comment: 类的描述rdfs:subClassOf: 上级类的标识符 (单继承)owl:equivalentClass: 等效类的标识符数组owl:disjointWith: 互斥类的标识符数组dcterms:identifier: 外部参考标识符 (可选)
3. 对象属性
用于链接实例的对象属性:
{
"objectProperties": {
"has-parent": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#has-parent",
"type": "owl:ObjectProperty",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "has parent", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "Links an animal to its parent",
"rdfs:domain": "animal",
"rdfs:range": "animal",
"owl:inverseOf": "parent-of",
"owl:functionalProperty": false
}
}
}
支持的属性:
uri: 属性的完整 URItype: 始终为"owl:ObjectProperty"rdfs:label: 语言标记的标签数组rdfs:comment: 属性的描述rdfs:domain: 域的标识符rdfs:range: 范围的标识符owl:inverseOf: 互反属性的标识符owl:functionalProperty: 功能属性的标识符 (可选)
4. 数据类型属性
{
"datatypeProperties": {
"number-of-legs": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#number-of-legs",
"type": "owl:DatatypeProperty",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "number-of-legs", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "Count of number of legs of the animal",
"rdfs:range": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
"rdfs:domain": "animal"
}
}
}
5. 示例本体
{
"metadata": {
"name": "The natural world",
"description": "Ontology covering the natural order",
"version": "1.0.0",
"created": "2025-09-20T12:07:37.068Z",
"modified": "2025-09-20T12:12:20.725Z",
"creator": "current-user",
"namespace": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world",
"imports": ["http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"]
},
"classes": {
"animal": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#animal",
"type": "owl:Class",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "Animal", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "An animal"
},
"cat": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#cat",
"type": "owl:Class",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "Cat", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "A cat",
"rdfs:subClassOf": "animal"
},
"dog": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#dog",
"type": "owl:Class",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "Dog", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "A dog",
"rdfs:subClassOf": "animal",
"owl:disjointWith": ["cat"]
}
},
"objectProperties": {},
"datatypeProperties": {
"number-of-legs": {
"uri": "http://trustgraph.ai/ontologies/natural-world#number-of-legs",
"type": "owl:DatatypeProperty",
"rdfs:label": [{"value": "number-of-legs", "lang": "en"}],
"rdfs:comment": "Count of number of legs of the animal",
"rdfs:range": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
"rdfs:domain": "animal"
}
}
}
验证规则
结构验证
- URI 约束: 所有 URI 必须遵循模式
{namespace}#{identifier} - 类层次: 避免在
rdfs:subClassOf中出现循环继承 - 属性域/范围: 必须引用现有类或有效的 XSD 类型
- 互斥类: 互斥类不能是互斥类的子类
- 互反属性: 如果指定,必须是双向的
语义验证
- 唯一标识符: 类的标识符和属性标识符必须是唯一的
- 语言标签: 必须符合 BCP 47 语言标签格式
- 数量约束:
minCardinality≤maxCardinality,当两者都指定时 - 功能属性: 不能有
maxCardinality> 1
导入/导出格式支持
虽然内部格式为 JSON,但该系统支持与标准本体格式的转换:
- Turtle (.ttl) - 紧凑的 RDF 序列化
- RDF/XML (.rdf, .owl) - W3C 标准格式
- OWL/XML (.owx) - OWL 特定 XML 格式
- JSON-LD (.jsonld) - 用于链接数据的 JSON