factbook.json/europe/vt.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when the newly established Kingdom of Italy seized many of the Papal States. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between Italy and a series of \"prisoner\" popes were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified some of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. <br><br>Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, the plight of refugees and migrants, climate change and the environment, conflict and war, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence, sexual misconduct by clergy, humanitarian issues, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.3 billion people worldwide profess Catholicism, the world's largest Christian faith."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Europe"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "0.44 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about 0.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.4 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Italy 3.4 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "urban; low hill"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Vatican Gardens (Vatican Hill) 78 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Saint Peter's Square 19 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "none"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "100% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "occasional earthquakes"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked; an enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,000 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "none"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Italian, Swiss, Argentinian, and other nationalities from around the world (2017)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic"
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "some air pollution from the surrounding city of Rome"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Air Pollution, Environmental Modification"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "100% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "The Holy See (Vatican City State)"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Holy See (Vatican City)"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "La Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "\"holy\" comes from the Greek word \"hera\" meaning \"sacred\"; \"see\" comes from the Latin word \"sedes\" meaning \"seat,\" and refers to the episcopal chair; the term \"Vatican\" derives from the hill Mons Vaticanus on which the Vatican is located and which comes from the Latin \"vaticinari\" (to prophesy), referring to the fortune tellers and soothsayers who frequented the area in Roman times"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an \"absolute monarchy\""
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Vatican City"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the term \"Vatican\" derives from the hill Mons Vaticanus on which the Vatican is located and which comes from the Latin \"vaticinari\" (to prophesy), referring to the fortune tellers and soothsayers who frequented the area in Roman times"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "none"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "11 February 1929; note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to A.D. 754"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1929, 2000; latest issued by Pope FRANCIS 13 May 2023, effective 7 June 2023 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities); the Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus – the departments and ministries – used by the pontiff in governing the church; note - Pope Francis in October 2013, instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisers to reform the Roman Curia to include writing a new constitution; in June 2018, Pope Francis approved the Council of Cardinals' first draft of the new apostolic constitution, <em>Predicate Evangelium</em> (Preach the Gospel); it became effective 5 June 2022, replacing <em>Pastor Bonus</em>, the previous governing document of the Roman Curia"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "not applicable"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> in the Holy See, citizenship is acquired by law, ex iure, or by adminstrative decision; in the first instance, citizenship is a function of holding office within the Holy See as in the case of cardinals resident in Vatican City or diplomats of the Holy See; in the second instance, citizenship may be requested in a limited set of circumstances for those who reside within Vatican City under papal authorization, as a function of their office or service, or as the spouses and children of current citizens; citizenship is lost once an individual no longer permanently resides in Vatican City, normally reverting to the citizenship previously held"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 after the resignation of Pope BENEDICT XVI (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2013:</em> Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City (Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "7"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "22 September 2018"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "0%"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "cardinal prefect appointed by the pope; the other 2 cardinals of the court appointed by the cardinal prefect on a yearly basis"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Appellate Court of Vatican City; Tribunal of Vatican City"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "none"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "CE (observer), IAEA, Interpol, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Apostolic Nuncio Cardinal Christophe PIERRE (since 27 June 2016)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 333-7121"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 337-4036"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>nuntiususa@nuntiususa.org<br><br>http://www.nuntiususa.org/"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Laura HOCHLA (since 8 July 2024)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Via Sallustiana, 49, 00187 Rome"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "5660 Holy See Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-5660"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[39] (06) 4674-1"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[39] (06) 4674-3411"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>https://va.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band; the yellow color represents the pope's spiritual power, the white his worldly power"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "crossed keys beneath a papal tiara; national colors: yellow, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Inno e Marcia Pontificale\" (Hymn and Pontifical March); often called The Pontifical Hymn"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Raffaello LAVAGNA/Charles-Francois GOUNOD"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1950"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "2 (both cultural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Historic Center of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura; Vatican City"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "limited, tourism-based economy; euro user but issues commemorative stamps and coins; solar energy producer; some printing industry to support museums and religious needs"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics, staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "4,822 (2016)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>while not an EU member state, the Holy See has a 2000 monetary agreement with Italy and the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2021)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "the Vatican&rsquo;s interior telecommunication system is composed of two strongly integrated sub-systems: fixed infrastructure and mobile infrastructure; it is important to note that the mobile communication system has been designed to be capable of using satellite connections so that it is possible to ensure telecommunication services whenever needed, including wherever the Pope travels; the telephone system operates through an automatic digital exchange (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "the telephone system operates through an automatic digital exchange (2020)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 39; uses Italian system"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections; Vatican News website partners with Vatican Radio and provides Catholic news provided by the Vatican (2021)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".va"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "75% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Communications - note": {
      "text": "the Vatican Apostolic Library is one of the world's oldest libraries, formally established in 1475, but actually much older; it holds a significant collection of historic texts including 1.1 million printed books and 75,000 codices (manuscript books with handwritten contents); it serves as a research library for history, law, philosophy, science, and theology; the library's collections have been described as \"the world's greatest treasure house of the writings at the core of Western tradition\""
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2024)"
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "the Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia) serves as the de facto military force of Vatican City; the Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City (Corpo della Gendarmeriais) is a police force that helps augment the Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps during the Pope’s appearances, as well as providing general security, traffic direction, and investigative duties for the Vatican City State (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>the Swiss Guard Corps has protected the Pope and his residence since 1506"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps: 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be a single Roman Catholic male with Swiss citizenship who has completed basic training with the Swiss military and can obtain a certificate of good conduct; qualified candidates must apply to serve; the service contract is between 2 and 25 years (2024)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "NA"
    }
  }
}