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auto-update week 6
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
parent
984d0d5677
commit
447ec9f975
238 changed files with 197 additions and 902 deletions
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"text": ".dz"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "31.24 million (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "71% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1067,9 +1067,6 @@
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"text": ".ao"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "11.55 million (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "33% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1057,9 +1057,6 @@
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"text": ".bw"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "1.924 million (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "74% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1071,9 +1071,6 @@
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"text": ".bj"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "4.42 million (2021 est.)"
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},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "34% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1070,9 +1070,6 @@
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"text": ".bi"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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||||
"text": "754,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "5.8% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1035,9 +1035,6 @@
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"text": ".td"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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||||
"text": "3.06 million (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "18% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1097,9 +1097,6 @@
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"text": ".cg"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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||||
"text": "1,794,390 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "32.1% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "<p>Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely diverse, with more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, located to the south and east, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. European prospectors in the Congo Basin invaded and splintered these kingdoms in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and the kingdoms were eventually forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory as his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease, inhumane treatment, and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.<br><br>The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name to MOBUTU Sese Seko and the country's name to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years, using sham elections and brute force. In 1994, a massive inflow of refugees from conflict in neighboring Rwanda and Burundi sparked ethnic strife and civil war. A rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA toppled the MOBUTU regime in 1997. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In 1998, another insurrection -- again backed by Rwanda and Uganda -- challenged the KABILA regime, but troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe helped quell the uprising. <br><br>In 2001, KABILA was assassinated, and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; the remaining warring parties subsequently signed the Pretoria Accord to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. KABILA was elected as president in 2006 and 2011. The DRC constitution barred him from running for a third term, so in 2016, the DRC Government delayed national elections for two years. This fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests and exacerbation of tensions in the eastern DRC regions. </p> <p>The results of the 2018 elections were disputed, but opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI, son of long-time opposition leader Etienne TSHISEKEDI, was announced as the election winner. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since 1960. In December 2023, the DRC held its fourth electoral cycle since independence; TSHISEKEDI was proclaimed the winner despite some allegations of fraud, with his Sacred Union alliance retaining a large parliamentary majority. </p> <p>The DRC continues to experience violence -- particularly in the East -- perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 (M23) rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF, or ISIS-DRC), the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.</p> <p> </p>"
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"text": "<p>Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo has more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, located to the south and east, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. European prospectors in the Congo Basin invaded and splintered these kingdoms in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and the kingdoms were eventually forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory as his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease and inhumane treatment. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.<br><br>The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name to MOBUTU Sese Seko and the country's name to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years, using sham elections and brute force. In 1994, a massive inflow of refugees from conflict in neighboring Rwanda and Burundi sparked ethnic strife and civil war. A rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA toppled the MOBUTU regime in 1997. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In 1998, another insurrection -- again backed by Rwanda and Uganda -- challenged the KABILA regime, but troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe helped quell the uprising. <br><br>In 2001, KABILA was assassinated, and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; the remaining warring parties subsequently signed the Pretoria Accord to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. KABILA was elected as president in 2006 and 2011. The DRC constitution barred him from running for a third term, so in 2016, the DRC Government delayed national elections for two years. This fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests and exacerbation of tensions in the eastern DRC regions. </p> <p>The results of the 2018 elections were disputed, but opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI, son of long-time opposition leader Etienne TSHISEKEDI, was announced as the election winner. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since 1960. In December 2023, the DRC held its fourth electoral cycle since independence; TSHISEKEDI was proclaimed the winner despite some allegations of fraud, with his Sacred Union alliance retaining a large parliamentary majority. </p> <p>The DRC continues to experience violence -- particularly in the East -- perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 (M23) rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF, or ISIS-DRC), the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.</p> <p> </p>"
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -1143,9 +1143,6 @@
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"text": ".cd"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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"text": "21,102,720 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "23.2% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1137,9 +1137,6 @@
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"text": ".cm"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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"text": "12.42 million (2021 est.)"
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},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "46% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -966,9 +966,6 @@
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"text": ".km"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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||||
"text": "221,400 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"percent of population": {
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"text": "27% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -698,10 +698,10 @@
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
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"text": "$1,000 (2023 est.)"
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"text": "$1,100 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
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"text": "$1,000 (2022 est.)"
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||||
"text": "$1,100 (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
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"text": "$1,100 (2021 est.)"
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@ -769,7 +769,7 @@
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"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
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},
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"Labor force": {
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"text": "2.114 million (2023 est.)",
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"text": "1.849 million (2023 est.)",
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"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
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},
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"Unemployment rate": {
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@ -905,8 +905,8 @@
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"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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"Debt - external 2022": {
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"text": "$552.586 million (2022 est.)"
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"Debt - external 2023": {
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"text": "$776.149 million (2023 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
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},
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@ -1024,9 +1024,6 @@
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"text": ".cf"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "605,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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"text": "11% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1008,9 +1008,6 @@
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"text": ".cv"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "413,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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"text": "70% (2021 est.)"
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}
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"text": ".dj"
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},
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"Internet users": {
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"total": {
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||||
"text": "759,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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"text": "69% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
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"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
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},
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"daylight saving time": {
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"text": "+1hr, begins last Friday in April; ends last Thursday in October"
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"text": "+1hr, begins last Friday in April; ends last Friday in October"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "from the Arabic \"al-Qahira,\" meaning \"the victorious\""
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@ -1167,9 +1167,6 @@
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"text": ".eg"
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},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "79.2 million (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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"text": "72% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -999,9 +999,6 @@
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"text": ".gq"
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},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "864,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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||||
"text": "54% (2021 est.)"
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}
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"text": ".er"
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},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "792,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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||||
"text": "22% (2021 est.)"
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}
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"text": ".et"
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},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "20.4 million (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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||||
"text": "17% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1011,9 +1011,6 @@
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"text": ".gm"
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||||
},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
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||||
"text": "858,000 (2021 est.)"
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||||
},
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||||
"percent of population": {
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"text": "33% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -1061,9 +1061,6 @@
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"text": ".ga"
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},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1.656 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "72% (2021 est.)"
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||||
}
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|
|
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|||
|
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@ -1089,9 +1089,6 @@
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"text": ".gh"
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||||
},
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||||
"Internet users": {
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||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "22.44 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "68% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
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|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1034,9 +1034,6 @@
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|||
"text": ".gn"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.9 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "35% (2021 est.)"
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}
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@ -510,7 +510,7 @@
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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"text": "Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative capital); note - although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the administrative capital as well as the officially designated economic capital; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan"
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"text": "Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan"
|
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},
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"geographic coordinates": {
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"text": "6 49 N, 5 16 W"
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|
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@ -519,7 +519,7 @@
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"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled in the village of N'Gokro in 1929 at the time of French colonization; the village was renamed Yamoussoukro, the suffix \"-kro\" meaning \"town\" in the native Baoule language; Abidjan's name supposedly comes from a misunderstanding; tradition states that an old man carrying branches met a European explorer who asked for the name of the nearest village; the man, not understanding and terrified by this unexpected encounter, fled shouting \"min-chan m’bidjan,\" which in the Ebrie language means: \"I return from cutting leaves\"; the explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan; a different version has the first colonists asking native women the name of the place and getting a similar response"
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"text": "formerly a village named N'Gokro, Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled during the early 20th century; Abidjan's name supposedly comes from a misunderstanding; tradition states that an old man carrying branches met a European explorer who asked for the name of the nearest village; the man, not understanding and terrified by this unexpected encounter, fled shouting \"min-chan m’bidjan,\" which in the Ebrie language means: \"I return from cutting leaves\"; the explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan; a different version has the first colonists asking native women the name of the place and getting a similar response"
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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|
|
@ -1125,9 +1125,6 @@
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|||
"text": ".ci"
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},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "12.15 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "45% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
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||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1125,9 +1125,6 @@
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|||
"text": ".ke"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "15.37 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "29% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
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||||
|
|
|
|||
|
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@ -1033,9 +1033,6 @@
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|||
"text": ".lr"
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||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1.768 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "34% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
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@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge’ d’Affaires Thomas HINES (since August 2024)"
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||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Thomas HINES (since August 2024)"
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||||
},
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||||
"embassy": {
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||||
"text": "254 Kingsway Avenue, Maseru"
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||||
|
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@ -1065,9 +1065,6 @@
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|||
"text": ".ls"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1.104 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "48% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
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||||
|
|
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|||
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@ -977,9 +977,6 @@
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"text": ".ly"
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||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3,095,400 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "46.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
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||||
|
|
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|||
|
|
@ -1051,9 +1051,6 @@
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"text": ".mg"
|
||||
},
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||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5.8 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "20% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1065,9 +1065,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".mw"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "24% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1066,9 +1066,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ml"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7.48 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "34% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Puneet TALWAR (since 4 October 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Aimee CUTRONA (since January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Km 5.7 Avenue Mohammed VI, Souissi, Rabat 10170"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1147,9 +1147,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ma"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "32.56 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "88% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -518,10 +518,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "President Prithvirajsing ROOPUN (since 2 December 2019)"
|
||||
"text": "President Dharam GOKHOOL (since 7 December 2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Pravind JUGNAUTH (since 23 January 2017)"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Navin RAMGOOLAM (since 13 November 2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers (Council of Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1027,9 +1027,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".mu"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "884,000 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "68% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1067,9 +1067,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".mr"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2.714 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "59% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -557,10 +557,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015)"
|
||||
"text": "President Daniel Francisco CHAPO (since 15 January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Adriano MALEIANE (since 3 March 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Maria Benvinda Delfina LEVI (since 17 January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1094,9 +1094,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".mz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5.44 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "17% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1079,9 +1079,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ne"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5.5 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "22% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1135,9 +1135,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ng"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "115.5 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "55% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -937,9 +937,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ss"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "869,000 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "7.9% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -978,9 +978,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".gw"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "735,000 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "35% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Rwanda -- a small and centralized country dominated by rugged hills and fertile volcanic soil -- has exerted disproportionate influence over the African Great Lakes region for centuries. A Rwandan kingdom increasingly dominated the region from the mid-18th century onward, with the Tutsi monarchs gradually extending the power of the royal court into peripheral areas and expanding their borders through military conquest. While the current ethnic labels Hutu and Tutsi predate colonial rule, their flexibility and importance have varied significantly over time and often manifested more as a hierarchical class distinction than an ethnic or cultural distinction. The majority Hutu and minority Tutsi have long shared a common language and culture, and intermarriage was frequent. The Rwandan royal court centered on the Tutsi king (<em>mwami</em>), who relied on an extensive network of political, cultural, and economic relationships. Social categories became more rigid during the reign of RWABUGIRI (1860-1895), who focused on aggressive expansion and solidifying Rwanda’s bureaucratic structures. German colonial conquest began in the late 1890s, but the territory was ceded to Belgian forces in 1916 during World War I. Both European nations quickly realized the benefits of ruling through the already centralized Rwandan Tutsi kingdom. Colonial rule reinforced existing trends toward autocratic and exclusionary rule, leading to the elimination of traditional positions of authority for Hutus and a calcification of ethnic identities. Belgian administrators significantly increased requirements for communal labor and instituted harsh taxes, increasing frustration and inequality. Changing political attitudes in Belgium contributed to colonial and Catholic officials shifting their support from Tutsi to Hutu leaders in the years leading up to independence.</p> <p>Newly mobilized political parties and simmering resentment of minority rule exploded in 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, when Hutus overthrew the Tutsi king. Thousands of Tutsis were killed over the next several years, and some 150,000 were driven into exile in neighboring countries. Army Chief of Staff Juvenal HABYARIMANA seized power in a coup in 1973 and ruled Rwanda as a single-party state for two decades. HABYARIMANA increasingly discriminated against Tutsis, and extremist Hutu factions gained prominence after multiple parties were introduced in the early 1990s. The children of Tutsi exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and began a civil war in 1990. The civil war exacerbated ethnic tensions and culminated in the shooting down of HABYARIMANA’s private jet in 1994. The event sparked a state-orchestrated genocide in which Rwandans killed more than 800,000 of their fellow citizens, including approximately three-quarters of the Tutsi population. The genocide ended later that same year when the predominantly Tutsi RPF, operating out of Uganda and northern Rwanda, defeated the national army and Hutu militias and established an RPF-led government of national unity. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003, formalizing President Paul KAGAME’s de facto role as head of government. KAGAME was formally elected in 2010, and again in 2017 after changing the constitution to allow him to run for a third term.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>Rwanda -- a small and centralized country dominated by rugged hills and fertile volcanic soil -- has exerted disproportionate influence over the African Great Lakes region for centuries. A Rwandan kingdom increasingly dominated the region from the mid-18th century onward, with the Tutsi monarchs gradually extending the power of the royal court into peripheral areas and expanding their borders through military conquest. While the current ethnic labels Hutu and Tutsi predate colonial rule, their flexibility and importance have varied significantly over time and often manifested more as a hierarchical class distinction than an ethnic or cultural distinction. The majority Hutu and minority Tutsi have long shared a common language and culture, and intermarriage was frequent. <br><br>The Rwandan royal court centered on the Tutsi king (<em>mwami</em>), who relied on an extensive network of political, cultural, and economic relationships. Social categories became more rigid during the reign of RWABUGIRI (1860-1895), who focused on aggressive expansion and solidifying Rwanda’s bureaucratic structures. German colonial conquest began in the late 1890s, but the territory was ceded to Belgian forces in 1916 during World War I. Both European nations quickly realized the benefits of ruling through the already centralized Rwandan Tutsi kingdom. Colonial rule reinforced existing trends toward autocratic and exclusionary rule, leading to the elimination of traditional positions of authority for Hutus. Belgian administrators significantly increased requirements for communal labor and instituted harsh taxes, which fed the population's frustration. Changing political attitudes in Belgium contributed to colonial and Catholic officials shifting their support from Tutsi to Hutu leaders in the years leading up to independence.</p> <p>Simmering resentment of minority rule exploded in 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, when Hutus overthrew the Tutsi king. Thousands of Tutsis were killed over the next several years, and some 150,000 were driven into exile in neighboring countries. Army Chief of Staff Juvenal HABYARIMANA seized power in a coup in 1973 and ruled Rwanda as a single-party state for two decades. HABYARIMANA increasingly discriminated against Tutsis, and extremist Hutu factions gained prominence after multiple parties were introduced in the early 1990s. The children of Tutsi exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and began a civil war in 1990. The civil war exacerbated ethnic tensions and culminated in the shooting down of HABYARIMANA’s private jet in 1994. The event sparked a state-orchestrated genocide in which Rwandans killed more than 800,000 of their fellow citizens, including approximately three-quarters of the Tutsi population. The genocide ended later the same year when the predominantly Tutsi RPF, operating out of Uganda and northern Rwanda, defeated the national army and Hutu militias and established an RPF-led government of national unity. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003, formalizing President Paul KAGAME’s de facto role as head of government. KAGAME was formally elected in 2010, and again in 2017 after changing the constitution to allow him to run for a third term.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -733,7 +733,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$3,000 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3,100 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$2,900 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -816,7 +816,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "5.283 million (2023 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "5.259 million (2023 est.)",
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -864,7 +864,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "3.93% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.67% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "3.56% of GDP (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -957,8 +957,8 @@
|
|||
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"Debt - external 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.254 billion (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"Debt - external 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$6.087 billion (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1105,9 +1105,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".rw"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.9 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "30% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -981,9 +981,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sc"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "90,200 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "82% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1162,9 +1162,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".za"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "42.48 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "72% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1078,9 +1078,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sn"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9.86 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "58% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -571,9 +571,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sh; note - Ascension Island assigned .ac"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2,287 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "37.6% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1012,9 +1012,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sl"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,047,499 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "12.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -956,9 +956,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".so"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2.465 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "14.5% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1018,9 +1018,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sd"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13.248 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "28.8% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1064,9 +1064,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".tg"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.01 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "35% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -990,9 +990,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".st"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "112,200 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "51% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1112,9 +1112,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".tn"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9.48 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "79% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1119,9 +1119,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".tz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "20.48 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "32% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1070,9 +1070,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ug"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.6 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "10% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1037,9 +1037,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".bf"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.84 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "22% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -499,10 +499,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "22 34 S, 17 05 E"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"time difference": {
|
||||
"text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"daylight saving time": {
|
||||
"text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April"
|
||||
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"etymology": {
|
||||
"text": "may derive from the Afrikaans word \"wind-hoek\" meaning \"windy corner\""
|
||||
|
|
@ -1089,9 +1086,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".na"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1.325 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "53% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1045,9 +1045,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "708,000 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "59% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1069,9 +1069,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".zm"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.99 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "21% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1102,9 +1102,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".zw"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5.6 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "35% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -141,9 +141,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".aq"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4,400 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -682,9 +682,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".as"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "18,135 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "40.3% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -510,13 +510,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "35 16 S, 149 08 E"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"time difference": {
|
||||
"text": "UTC+10 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
|
||||
"text": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"daylight saving time": {
|
||||
"text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"time zone note": {
|
||||
"text": "Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)"
|
||||
"text": "Australia has six time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+11)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"etymology": {
|
||||
"text": "the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area \"Nganbra\" or \"Nganbira\""
|
||||
|
|
@ -685,7 +685,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Caroline KENNEDY (since 25 July 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Erika OLSON (since January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory 2600"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1146,9 +1146,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".au"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24.96 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "96% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -955,9 +955,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sb"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "255,600 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "36% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency status": {
|
||||
"text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development"
|
||||
"text": "non-self-governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Capital": {
|
||||
"name": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -347,9 +347,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".cc"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "80 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "13.4% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -713,9 +713,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".mp"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "12,299 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "25.1% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -725,9 +725,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ck"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "11,382 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "64.8% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1023,9 +1023,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".fj"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "809,600 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "88% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -591,13 +591,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$437.922 million (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$437.759 million (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$434.514 million (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$434.352 million (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$437.922 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$437.759 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -615,10 +615,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$3,800 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3,900 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$3,800 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3,900 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$3,900 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -844,9 +844,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".fm"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "44,000 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "40% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -815,9 +815,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".pf"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "218,100 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "72.7% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -768,9 +768,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".gu"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "136,850 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "80.5% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -936,9 +936,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ki"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "70,200 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "54% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"etymology": {
|
||||
"text": "self-descriptive name for the main locus of population"
|
||||
"text": "Flying Fish Cove was named after a British explorer's ship in 1886"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Administrative divisions": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -352,9 +352,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".cx"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,139 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "78.6% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -836,9 +836,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".nc"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "237,800 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "82% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -529,9 +529,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".nu"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,512 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "79.6% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -370,9 +370,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".nf"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "806 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "46.1% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -976,9 +976,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".vu"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "211,200 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "66% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "By 1000 B.C., Micronesian and Polynesian settlers inhabited Nauru, and the island was divided among 12 clans. Nauru developed in relative isolation because ocean currents made landfall on the island difficult. As a result, the Nauruan language does not clearly resemble any other in the Pacific region. In 1798, a British mariner was the first European to spot the island and by 1830, European whalers used Nauru as a supply stop, trading firearms for food. A civil war in 1878 reduced the population by more than a third. Germany forcibly annexed Nauru in 1888 by holding the 12 chiefs under house arrest until they consented to the annexation. Phosphate was discovered in 1900 and was heavily mined, although Nauru and Nauruans earned about one tenth of one percent of the profits from the phosphate deposits.<br><br>Australian forces captured Nauru from Germany during World War I, and in 1919, it was placed under a joint Australian-British-New Zealand mandate with Australian administration. Japan occupied Nauru during World War II and used its residents as forced labor elsewhere in the Pacific while destroying much of the infrastructure on the island. After the war, Nauru became a UN trust territory under Australian administration. In 1962, recognizing the phosphate stocks would eventually be depleted, Australian Prime Minister Robert MENZIES offered to resettle all Nauruans on Curtis Island in Queensland, but Nauruans rejected that plan and opted for independence, which was achieved in 1968. In 1970, Nauru purchased the phosphate mining assets, and income from the mines made Nauruans among the richest people in the world. However, a series of unwise investments led to near bankruptcy by 2000. Widespread phosphate mining officially ceased in 2006. Widespread phosphate mining officially ceased in 2006.<br><br>As its economy faltered, Nauru briefly tried to rebrand itself as an offshore banking haven, an initiative that ended in 2005, and the country made a successful bid for Russian humanitarian aid in 2008. In 2001, Australia set up the Nauru Regional Processing Center (NRPC), an offshore refugee detention facility, paying Nauru per person at the center. The NRPC closed in 2008 but reopened in 2012. The number of refugees steadily declined after 2014, and in 2020, the remaining people were moved to Brisbane, Australia, effectively shuttering the NRPC. However, in 2023, Australia agreed to continue funding NRPC for two years and restarted settling asylees in the center in mid-2023. The center remains the Government of Nauru’s largest source of income."
|
||||
"text": "By 1000 B.C., Micronesian and Polynesian settlers inhabited Nauru, and the island was divided among 12 clans. Nauru developed in relative isolation because ocean currents made landfall on the island difficult. As a result, the Nauruan language does not clearly resemble any other in the Pacific region. In 1798, a British mariner was the first European to spot the island and by 1830, European whalers used Nauru as a supply stop, trading firearms for food. A civil war in 1878 reduced the population by more than a third. Germany forcibly annexed Nauru in 1888 by holding the 12 chiefs under house arrest until they consented to the annexation. Phosphate was discovered in 1900 and was heavily mined, although Nauru and Nauruans earned about one tenth of one percent of the profits from the phosphate deposits.<br><br>Australian forces captured Nauru from Germany during World War I, and in 1919, it was placed under a joint Australian-British-New Zealand mandate with Australian administration. Japan occupied Nauru during World War II and used its residents as forced labor elsewhere in the Pacific while destroying much of the infrastructure on the island. After the war, Nauru became a UN trust territory under Australian administration. In 1962, recognizing the phosphate stocks would eventually be depleted, Australian Prime Minister Robert MENZIES offered to resettle all Nauruans on Curtis Island in Queensland, but Nauruans rejected that plan and opted for independence, which was achieved in 1968. In 1970, Nauru purchased the phosphate mining assets, and income from the mines made Nauruans among the richest people in the world. However, a series of unwise investments led to near bankruptcy by 2000. Widespread phosphate mining officially ceased in 2006. <br><br>As its economy faltered, Nauru briefly tried to rebrand itself as an offshore banking haven, an initiative that ended in 2005, and the country made a successful bid for Russian humanitarian aid in 2008. In 2001, Australia set up the Nauru Regional Processing Center (NRPC), an offshore refugee detention facility, paying Nauru per person at the center. The NRPC closed in 2008 but reopened in 2012. The number of refugees steadily declined after 2014, and in 2020, the remaining people were moved to Brisbane, Australia, effectively shuttering the NRPC. However, in 2023, Australia agreed to continue funding NRPC for two years and restarted settling asylees in the center in mid-2023. The center remains the Government of Nauru’s largest source of income."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -804,9 +804,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".nr"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "10,920 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "84% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1062,9 +1062,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".nz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.896 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "96% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -344,9 +344,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".pn"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "37 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "96.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -891,9 +891,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".pw"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "6,696 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "37.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -890,9 +890,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".mh"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "16,254 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "38.7% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -505,9 +505,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".tk"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "800 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "58.3% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "King TUPOU VI (since 18 March 2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Acting Prime Minister Samiu VAIPULU (since 9 December 2024); note - former Prime Minister Siaosi SOVALENI resigned on 9 December 2024)"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Aisake Valu EKE (since 22 January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch"
|
||||
|
|
@ -974,9 +974,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".to"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "73,700 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "67% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -606,13 +606,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$59.202 million (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$57.054 million (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$57.006 million (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$54.938 million (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$56.622 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$54.568 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -630,13 +630,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$5,200 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$5,800 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$5,000 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$5,500 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$5,100 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$5,400 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "4.82% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.21% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "4.18% of GDP (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -853,9 +853,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".tv"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7,920 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "49% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -567,9 +567,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".wf"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5,496 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "45.8% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -975,9 +975,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ws"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "171,600 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "78% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -832,9 +832,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".aw"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "106,800 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "97% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -643,13 +643,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "$28,700 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$29,000 (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$27,800 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$28,000 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$25,500 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$25,700 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -720,7 +720,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "2.43% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.72% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "1.86% of GDP (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -911,9 +911,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ag"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "89,280 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "96% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -648,9 +648,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ai"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13,056 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "81.6% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Roger F. NYHUS (since 19 January 2024) note - also accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Karin B. SULLIVAN (since January 2025) note - also accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Wildey Business Park, St. Michael BB 14006, Barbados, W.I."
|
||||
|
|
@ -1016,9 +1016,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".bb"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "240,800 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "86% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -948,9 +948,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".bs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "385,400 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "94% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Michelle KWAN (since 5 December 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires David HODGE (since January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "4 Floral Park Road, Belmopan, Cayo"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1048,9 +1048,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".bz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "248,000 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "62% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -796,9 +796,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ky"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "55,148 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "81.1% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Cynthia A. TELLES (since 11 March 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Michael (Mike) FLORES (since January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Calle 98 Via 104, Pavas, San Jose"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1069,9 +1069,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".cr"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.316 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "83% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1016,9 +1016,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".cu"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7.81 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "71% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -866,9 +866,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".dm"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "58,320 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "81% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1127,9 +1127,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".do"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9.35 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "85% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1055,9 +1055,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".sv"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.969 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "63% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "the US does not have an official embassy in Grenada; the US Ambassador to Barbados, Ambassador Richard F. NYHUS, is accredited to Grenada"
|
||||
"text": "the US does not have an official embassy in Grenada; the Chargé d’Affaires to Barbados, Karin B. SULLIVAN, is accredited to Grenada"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Lance-aux-Epines, Saint George's"
|
||||
|
|
@ -966,9 +966,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".gd"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "93,600 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "78% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1096,9 +1096,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".gt"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9.18 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "51% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1054,9 +1054,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ht"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.29 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "39% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1074,9 +1074,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".hn"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "48% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -629,7 +629,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador N. Nickolas PERRY (since 13 May 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Amy TACHCO (since January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "142 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1065,9 +1065,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".jm"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2.296 million (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "82% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -706,9 +706,6 @@
|
|||
"text": ".ms"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2,473 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "56.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Add a link
Reference in a new issue