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610 lines
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28 KiB
JSON
610 lines
No EOL
28 KiB
JSON
{
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"intro": {
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"background": {
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"text": "A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Over the next few years, the new president manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for himself. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual fleeing to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, and terrorism."
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}
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},
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"geo": {
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"location": {
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"text": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan"
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},
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"geographic_coordinates": {
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"text": "41 00 N, 75 00 E"
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},
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"map_references": {
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"text": "Asia"
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},
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"area": {
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"total": "199,951 sq km",
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"land": "191,801 sq km",
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"water": "8,150 sq km"
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},
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"area_comparative": {
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"text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota"
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},
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"land_boundaries": {
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"total": "3,051 km",
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"border_countries": "China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,224 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km"
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},
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"coastline": {
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"text": "0 km (landlocked)"
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},
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"maritime_claims": {
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"text": "none (landlocked)"
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},
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"climate": {
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"text": "dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone"
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},
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"terrain": {
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"text": "peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation"
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},
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"elevation_extremes": {
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"lowest_point": "Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m",
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"highest_point": "Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m"
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},
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"natural_resources": {
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"text": "abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc"
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},
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"land_use": {
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"arable_land": "6.38%",
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"permanent_crops": "0.37%",
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"other": "93.24%",
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"note": "Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural-growth walnut forest (2011)"
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},
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"irrigated_land": {
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"text": "10,210 sq km (2005)"
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},
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"total_renewable_water_resources": {
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"text": "23.62 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
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"total": "8.01 cu km/yr (3%/4%/93%)",
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"per_capita": "1,558 cu m/yr (2006)"
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},
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"natural_hazards": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"environment_current_issues": {
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"text": "water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices"
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},
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"environment_international_agreements": {
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"party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands",
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"signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
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},
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"geography_note": {
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"text": "landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes"
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}
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},
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"people": {
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"nationality": {
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"noun": "Kyrgyzstani(s)",
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"adjective": "Kyrgyzstani"
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},
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"ethnic_groups": {
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"text": "Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uighur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)"
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},
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"languages": {
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"text": "Kyrgyz (official) 64.7%, Uzbek 13.6%, Russian (official) 12.5%, Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)"
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},
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"religions": {
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"text": "Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%"
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},
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"population": {
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"text": "5,548,042 (July 2013 est.)"
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},
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"age_structure": {
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"0_14_years": "29.7% (male 842,511/female 805,295)",
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"15_24_years": "19.4% (male 547,456/female 530,702)",
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"25_54_years": "39.2% (male 1,063,702/female 1,111,423)",
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"55_64_years": "6.8% (male 162,851/female 213,254)",
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"65_years_and_over": "4.9% (male 104,129/female 166,719) (2013 est.)"
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},
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"dependency_ratios": {
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"total_dependency_ratio": "52.7 %",
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"youth_dependency_ratio": "46.4 %",
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"elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %",
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"potential_support_ratio": "15.7 (2013)"
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},
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"median_age": {
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"total": "25.4 years",
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"male": "24.5 years",
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"female": "26.4 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"population_growth_rate": {
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"text": "0.97% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"birth_rate": {
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"text": "23.67 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"death_rate": {
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"text": "6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"net_migration_rate": {
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"text": "-7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"urbanization": {
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"urban_population": "35.3% of total population (2011)",
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"rate_of_urbanization": "1.31% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
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},
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"major_urban_areas_population": {
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"text": "BISHKEK (capital) 854,000 (2009)"
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},
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"sex_ratio": {
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"at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female",
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"0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female",
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"15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female",
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"25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female",
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"55_64_years": "0.77 male(s)/female",
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"65_years_and_over": "0.63 male(s)/female",
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"total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
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},
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"mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": {
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"text": "23.6 (2010 est.)"
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},
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"maternal_mortality_rate": {
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"text": "71 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
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},
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"infant_mortality_rate": {
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"total": "29.73 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"male": "34.05 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"female": "25.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
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},
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"life_expectancy_at_birth": {
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"total_population": "69.75 years",
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"male": "65.58 years",
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"female": "74.21 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"total_fertility_rate": {
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"text": "2.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
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},
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"contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "47.8% (2005/06)"
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},
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"health_expenditures": {
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"text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"physicians_density": {
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"text": "2.3 physicians/1,000 population (2007)"
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},
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"hospital_bed_density": {
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"text": "5.06 beds/1,000 population (2007)"
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},
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"drinking_water_source": {
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"improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 90% of population",
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"unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)"
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},
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"sanitation_facility_access": {
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"improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 93% of population",
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"unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "0.3% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
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"text": "9,800 (2009 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_deaths": {
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"text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)"
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},
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"obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "15.5% (2008)"
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},
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"children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
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"text": "2.7% (2006)"
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},
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"education_expenditures": {
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"text": "5.8% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"literacy": {
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"definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
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"total_population": "99.2%",
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"male": "99.5%",
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"female": "99% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
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"total": "12 years",
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"male": "12 years",
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"female": "13 years (2011)"
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},
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"child_labor_children_ages_5_14": {
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"total_number": "563,920",
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"percentage": "40.3 %",
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"note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)"
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},
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"unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": {
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"total": "14.6%",
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"male": "13.6%",
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"female": "16.2% (2006)"
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}
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},
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"govt": {
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"country_name": {
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"conventional_long_form": "Kyrgyz Republic",
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"conventional_short_form": "Kyrgyzstan",
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"local_long_form": "Kyrgyz Respublikasy",
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"local_short_form": "Kyrgyzstan",
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"former": "Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"government_type": {
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"text": "republic"
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},
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"capital": {
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"name": "Bishkek",
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"geographic_coordinates": "42 52 N, 74 36 E",
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"time_difference": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
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},
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"administrative_divisions": {
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"text": "7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)",
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"note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)"
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},
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"independence": {
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"text": "31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)"
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},
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"national_holiday": {
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"text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1991)"
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},
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"constitution": {
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"text": "27 June 2010"
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},
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"legal_system": {
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"text": "civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws"
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},
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"international_law_organization_participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
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},
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"suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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"executive_branch": {
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"chief_of_state": "President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011)",
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"head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jantoro SATYBALDIEV (since 5 September 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister - Joomart OTORBAEV (since 5 September 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers - Tayyrbek SARPASHEV and Kamila TALIEVA (since 5 September 2012), Tokon MAMYTOV (since 19 June 2013)",
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"cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; ministers in charge of defense and security are appointed solely by the president",
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"elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held on 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister nominated by the parliamentary party holding more than 50% of the seats; if no such party exists, the president selects the party that will form a coalition majority and government",
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"election_results": "Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president; percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV 14.3%, other 7.8%; Jantoro SATYBALDIEV elected prime minister; parliamentary vote - 111-2"
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},
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"legislative_branch": {
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"text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)",
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"elections": "last held on 10 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)",
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"election_results": "Supreme Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ata-Jurt 28, SDPK 26, Ar-Namys 25, Respublika 23, Ata-Meken 18"
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},
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"judicial_branch": {
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"highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)",
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"judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts",
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"subordinate_courts": "Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts"
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},
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"political_parties_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]; Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV]; Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV]; Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV]; Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]"
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},
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"political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]; Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA]; Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]; Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA]; Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV]; Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]; Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV]"
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},
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"international_organization_participation": {
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"text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
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"chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mukhtar JUMALIEV",
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"chancery": "2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008",
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"telephone": "[1] (202) 449-9822",
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"fax": "[1] (202) 386-7550",
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"consulates": "New York"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
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"chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Pamela SPRATLEN",
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"embassy": "171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016",
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"mailing_address": "use embassy street address",
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"telephone": "[996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217",
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"fax": "[996] (312) 551-264"
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},
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"flag_description": {
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"text": "red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a \"tunduk\" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth"
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},
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"national_symbols": {
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"text": "gyrfalcon"
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},
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"national_anthem": {
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"name": "\"Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni\" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)",
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"lyrics_music": "Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV",
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"note": "adopted 1992"
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}
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},
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"econ": {
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"economy_overview": {
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"text": "Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a dominant agricultural sector. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and electricity. The economy depends heavily on gold exports - mainly from output at the Kumtor gold mine - and on remittances from Kyrgyzstani migrant workers primarily in Russia. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan was progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995, production began to recover and exports began to increase. In 2005, the BAKIEV government and international financial institutions initiated a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. The government made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit, nearly closing the gap between revenues and expenditures in 2006, before boosting expenditures more than 20% in 2007-08. GDP grew about 8% annually in 2007-08, partly due to higher gold prices internationally, but slowed to 2.9% in 2009. The overthrow of President BAKIEV in April 2010 and subsequent ethnic clashes left hundreds dead and damaged infrastructure. Shrinking trade and agricultural production, as well as the political instability caused by the change in government, caused GDP to contract 0.5% in 2010. The fiscal deficit widened to 11% of GDP in 2010, reflecting significant increases in crisis-related spending, including both rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and bank recapitalization. The economy grew 5.7% in 2011, but slowed to around 1% in 2012, primarily due to an 83% decrease in production from Kumtor. As a result, the budget deficit increased at year's end. Progress in fighting corruption, improving transparency in licensing, business permits and taxations, restructuring domestic industry, and attracting foreign aid and investment are key to future growth."
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},
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"gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
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"text": "$13.5 billion (2012 est.); $13.62 billion (2011 est.); $12.85 billion (2010 est.)",
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"note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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},
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"gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
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"text": "$6.473 billion (2012 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_real_growth_rate": {
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"text": "-0.9% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.); -0.5% (2010 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
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"text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,500 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)",
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"note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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},
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"gross_national_saving": {
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"text": "2.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 19% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.5% of GDP (2010 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
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"household_consumption": "86.5%",
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"government_consumption": "20.7%",
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"investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.7%",
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"investment_in_inventories": "-0.5%",
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"exports_of_goods_and_services": "53.3%",
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"imports_of_goods_and_services": "-85.7% (2012 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
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"agriculture": "20.8%",
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"industry": "23.3%",
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"services": "55.9% (2012 est.)"
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},
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"agriculture_products": {
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"text": "tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool"
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},
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"industries": {
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"text": "small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals"
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},
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"industrial_production_growth_rate": {
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"text": "-20% (2012 est.)"
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},
|
|
"labor_force": {
|
|
"text": "2.344 million (2007)"
|
|
},
|
|
"labor_force_by_occupation": {
|
|
"agriculture": "48%",
|
|
"industry": "12.5%",
|
|
"services": "39.5% (2005 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"unemployment_rate": {
|
|
"text": "8.6% (2011 est.); 18% (2004 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"population_below_poverty_line": {
|
|
"text": "33.7% (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
|
|
"lowest_10%": "2.8%",
|
|
"highest_10%": "27.8% (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": {
|
|
"text": "33.4 (2007); 29 (2001)"
|
|
},
|
|
"budget": {
|
|
"revenues": "$1.908 billion",
|
|
"expenditures": "$2.138 billion (2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"taxes_and_other_revenues": {
|
|
"text": "29.5% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
|
|
"text": "-3.5% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"fiscal_year": {
|
|
"text": "calendar year"
|
|
},
|
|
"inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
|
|
"text": "2.7% (2012 est.); 16.5% (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"central_bank_discount_rate": {
|
|
"text": "13.73% (22 December 2011 est.); 2.5% (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
|
|
"text": "28.43% (31 December 2012 est.); 34.07% (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"stock_of_narrow_money": {
|
|
"text": "$1.372 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.151 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"stock_of_broad_money": {
|
|
"text": "$1.952 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"stock_of_domestic_credit": {
|
|
"text": "$932.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $761.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
|
|
"text": "$165 million (31 December 2011); $79 million (31 December 2010); $71.84 million (31 December 2009)"
|
|
},
|
|
"current_account_balance": {
|
|
"text": "-$546.3 million (2012 est.); -$252.4 million (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"exports": {
|
|
"text": "$2 billion (2012 est.); $2.271 billion (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"exports_commodities": {
|
|
"text": "gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat, tobacco; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes"
|
|
},
|
|
"exports_partners": {
|
|
"text": "Uzbekistan 28.8%, Kazakhstan 22%, Russia 14.6%, China 7%, UAE 6.3%, Afghanistan 5.7% (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"imports": {
|
|
"text": "$4.981 billion (2012 est.); $3.936 billion (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"imports_commodities": {
|
|
"text": "oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs"
|
|
},
|
|
"imports_partners": {
|
|
"text": "China 55.9%, Russia 17.7%, Kazakhstan 6.4% (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": {
|
|
"text": "$2.066 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.835 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"debt_external": {
|
|
"text": "$3.722 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.486 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": {
|
|
"text": "$1.572 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.312 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": {
|
|
"text": "$39.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $39.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"exchange_rates": {
|
|
"text": "soms (KGS) per US dollar -; 47.005 (2012 est.); 46.144 (2011 est.); 45.964 (2010 est.); 42.905 (2009); 36.108 (2008)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"energy": {
|
|
"electricity_production": {
|
|
"text": "14.9 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "7.29 billion kWh (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_exports": {
|
|
"text": "2.62 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_imports": {
|
|
"text": "535 million kWh (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
|
|
"text": "3.64 million kW (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
|
|
"text": "20.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
|
|
"text": "79.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_production": {
|
|
"text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_imports": {
|
|
"text": "2,387 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
|
|
"text": "40 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_production": {
|
|
"text": "2,607 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "16,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
|
|
"text": "5,902 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
|
|
"text": "28,940 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_production": {
|
|
"text": "12.5 million cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "462.5 million cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_exports": {
|
|
"text": "NA (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_imports": {
|
|
"text": "450 million cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
|
|
"text": "5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
|
|
"text": "4.131 million Mt (2010 est.)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"comm": {
|
|
"telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
|
|
"text": "502,000 (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"telephones_mobile_cellular": {
|
|
"text": "6.277 million (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"telephone_system": {
|
|
"general_assessment": "telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded; loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links",
|
|
"domestic": "fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership was about 115 per 100 persons in 2011",
|
|
"international": "country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"broadcast_media": {
|
|
"text": "state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_country_code": {
|
|
"text": ".kg"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_hosts": {
|
|
"text": "115,573 (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_users": {
|
|
"text": "2.195 million (2009)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"trans": {
|
|
"airports": {
|
|
"text": "28 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"airports_with_paved_runways": {
|
|
"total": "18",
|
|
"over_3_047_m": "1",
|
|
"2_438_to_3_047_m": "3",
|
|
"1_524_to_2_437_m": "11",
|
|
"under_914_m": "3 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"airports_with_unpaved_runways": {
|
|
"total": "10",
|
|
"1_524_to_2_437_m": "1",
|
|
"914_to_1_523_m": "1",
|
|
"under_914_m": "8 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"pipelines": {
|
|
"text": "gas 480 km; oil 16 km (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"railways": {
|
|
"total": "470 km",
|
|
"broad_gauge": "470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)"
|
|
},
|
|
"roadways": {
|
|
"total": "34,000 km (2003)"
|
|
},
|
|
"waterways": {
|
|
"text": "600 km (2010)"
|
|
},
|
|
"ports_and_terminals": {
|
|
"text": "Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"military": {
|
|
"military_branches": {
|
|
"text": "Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_service_age_and_obligation": {
|
|
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; service obligation - 1 year, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_available_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "1,456,881",
|
|
"females_age_16_49": "1,470,317 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "1,119,224",
|
|
"females_age_16_49": "1,257,263 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
|
|
"male": "56,606",
|
|
"female": "54,056 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_expenditures": {
|
|
"text": "2.8% of GDP (2011)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"issues": {
|
|
"disputes_international": {
|
|
"text": "Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas"
|
|
},
|
|
"refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": {
|
|
"idps": "172,000 (June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority) (2012)",
|
|
"stateless_persons": "15,473 (2012); note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgystan, have lived there many years, or are married to a Kyrgyz citizen; in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones; stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits"
|
|
},
|
|
"illicit_drugs": {
|
|
"text": "limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} |