factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Piracy thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries because of The Bahamas close proximity to shipping lanes. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management, which comprise up to 85% of GDP. Because of its proximity to the US - the nearest Bahamian landmass being only 80 km (50 mi) from Florida - the country is a major transshipment point for illicit trafficking, particularly to the US mainland, as well as Europe. US law enforcement agencies cooperate closely with The Bahamas, and the US Coast Guard assists Bahamian authorities in coastal defense through Operation Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, or OPBAT."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "24 15 N, 76 00 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13,880 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "10,010 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "3,870 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "3,542 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "1.3 km NE of Old Bight on Cat Island 64 m<br>note - the Factbook map is incorrect; it indicates the wrong high elevation point"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "51.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "352,655 (July 2021 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Bahamian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Bahamian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 90.6%, White 4.7%, mixed 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by racial group"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Brethren 1.6%, other Protestant .9%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, none 1.9%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "21.7% (male 38,811/female 37,719)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "14.91% (male 26,636/female 25,945)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "43.56% (male 76,505/female 77,119)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "10.75% (male 17,508/female 20,391)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "9.08% (male 12,587/female 19,434) (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "41.5"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "30.6"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "11"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "9.1 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "32.8 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "31.7 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "34 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.84% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "14.64 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "83.5% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.63 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "70 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13.05 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "13.49 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "12.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "75.87 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "72.93 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "78.9 years (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.98 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 1.1% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current Health Expenditure": {
      "text": "5.8% (2019)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "2.01 physicians/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "3 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 1.8% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "4,700 (2020 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "<200 (2018)"
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "31.6% (2016)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "25.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "20.8%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "31.6% (2016 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "17.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "1.79 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.23 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "51.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "83.5% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "forest revenues": {
        "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "coal revenues": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "264,000 tons (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "31 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "700 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Commonwealth of The Bahamas"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "The Bahamas"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name derives from the Spanish \"baha mar,\" meaning \"shallow sea,\" which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy&nbsp;under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Nassau"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "25 05 N, 77 21 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "named after William III (1650-1702), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, who was a member of the House of Nassau"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "10 July 1973 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 10 July (1973)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1964 (preindependence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed as an \"Act\" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2016"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "common law system based on the English model"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of The Bahamas"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "6-9 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cornelius A. SMITH (since 28 June 2019)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Philip DAVIS (since 17 September 2021)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve 5-year terms)<br>House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "<br>Senate - last appointments on 24 May 2017 (next appointments in 2022)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<br>Senate - appointed; composition - men 9, women 7, percent of women 43.8%<br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition "
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time"
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest courts": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and a maximum of 11 and a minimum of 2 justices)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal president and Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition party; other Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body headed by the chief justice; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 68 but can be extended until age 70; Supreme Court justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65 but can be extended until age 67"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Industrial Tribunal; Stipendiary and Magistrates' Courts; Family Island Administrators"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Bahamas is a member of the 15-member Caribbean Community but is not party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as its highest appellate court;  the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for The Bahamas"
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Arinthia KOMOLAFE]<br>Free National Movement or FNM [Michael PINTARD]<br>Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Philip \"Brave\" DAVIS]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Sidney Stanley COLLIE (since 29 November 2017)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 319-2660"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 319-2668"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>embassy@bahamasembdc.org<br><br>https://www.bahamasembdc.org/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Atlanta, Miami, New York, Washington, DC"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Usha E. PITTS (since 1 January 2021)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "42 Queen Street, Nassau"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (242) 322-1181"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (242) 356-7174"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>acsnassau@state.gov<br><br>https://bs.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "blue marlin, flamingo, Yellow Elder flower; national colors: aquamarine, yellow, black"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "March On, Bahamaland!"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Timothy GIBSON"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "The Bahamas has the second highest per capita GDP in the English-speaking Caribbean with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and financial services. Tourism accounts for approximately 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than 7% of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The new government led by Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS has prioritized addressing fiscal imbalances and rising debt, which stood at 75% of GDP in 2016. Large capital projects like the Baha Mar Casino and Hotel are driving growth. Public debt increased in 2017 in large part due to hurricane reconstruction and relief financing. The primary fiscal balance was a deficit of 0.4% of GDP in 2016. The Bahamas is the only country in the Western Hemisphere that is not a member of the World Trade Organization."
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
        "text": "$12.1 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$14.45 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
        "text": "$14.28 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
        "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
        "text": "-1.7% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
        "text": "1% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
        "text": "$30,800 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$37,100 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2018": {
        "text": "$37,000 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$12.16 billion (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "Ba2 (2020)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "BB- (2020)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "7.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "90% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "68% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "13% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "26.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "33.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-41.8% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugar cane, grapefruit, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, poultry, tropical fruit, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "196,900 (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "3%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "11%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "49%"
      },
      "tourism": {
        "text": "37% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2017": {
        "text": "10.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2016": {
        "text": "12.2% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "25.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "20.8%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "31.6% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "9.3% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "22% (2007 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "2.139 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "2.46 billion (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "50.5% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "1 July - 30 June"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2017": {
        "text": "-$1.909 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2016": {
        "text": "-$868 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$1.69 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$5.14 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2018": {
        "text": "$4.75 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Poland 32%, United States 17%, Ecuador 9%, China 6%, Japan 5% (2019)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, crustaceans, styrene polymers (2019)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$3.64 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$4.91 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2018": {
        "text": "$5.12 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 31%, South Korea 29%, Japan 14% (2019)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "ships, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, recreational boats, cars (2019)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$1.522 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$1.002 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 31 December 2013": {
        "text": "$17.56 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 31 December 2012": {
        "text": "$16.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "currency": {
        "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "1 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2016": {
        "text": "1 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2015": {
        "text": "1 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2014": {
        "text": "1 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2013": {
        "text": "1 (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "1.778 billion kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "1.654 billion kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "577,000 kW (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "20,040 bbl/day (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "19,150 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "48,020 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "48,020 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "91,129 (2019)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "23.4 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "425,507 (2019)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "109.3 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "the telecom sector across the Caribbean continues to be a growth area, contributing to the country's overall GDP; totally automatic system; highly developed; operators focus investment on mobile networks; the activation of (mobile number portability) MNP in April 2017, allowing mobile subscribers to port their numbers between competing MNO (mobile network operators) has contributed to the competition and liberalization of the market (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "23 per 100 fixed-line, 109 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-242; landing points for the ARCOS-1, BICS, Bahamas 2-US, and BDSN fiber-optic submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2; the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links all of the major islands; (2019)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "The Bahamas has 4 major TV providers that provide service to all major islands in the archipelago; 1 TV station is operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB) and competes freely with&nbsp;4 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is widely available; there are 32 licensed broadcast (radio) service providers,&nbsp;31 are privately owned FM radio stations operating on New Providence, Grand Bahama Island, Abaco Island, and on smaller islands in the country; the BCB operates a multi-channel radio broadcasting network that has national coverage; the sector is regulated by the Utilities Regulation and Competition Authority (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".bs"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "335,800 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "85% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "82,295 (2019)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "21.13 (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "5 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "35"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1,197,116 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "160,000 mt-km (2018)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "C6"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "total": {
        "text": "54 (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "13"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "7 (2017)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "37"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "16"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "17 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,700 km (2011)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "1,620 km (2011)"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "1,080 km (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,323"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 333, container ship 45, general cargo 64, oil tanker 224, other 657 (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point"
      },
      "cruise port(s)": {
        "text": "Nassau"
      },
      "container port(s) (TEUs)": {
        "text": "Freeport (1,396,568) (2019)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Royal Bahamas Defense Force: includes land, air, maritime elements (2021)"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2018": {
        "text": "0.7% of GDP (2018)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2017": {
        "text": "0.7% of GDP (2017)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "the Royal Bahamas Defense Force (RBDF) has approximately 1,500 total personnel (2021)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory is supplied by the Netherlands (2021)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription (2021)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "<p>the RBDF was established in 1980; its primary responsibilities are disaster relief, maritime security, and counter-narcotics operations; it is a naval force, but includes a lightly-armed marine infantry/commando squadron for base and internal security, as well as a few light non-combat aircraft; the maritime element has coastal patrol craft and patrol boats; the RBDF maintains training relationships with the UK and the US </p>"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>disagrees with the US on the alignment of the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary</p>"
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>a transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; illicit production of marijuana continues</p>"
    }
  }
}