factbook.json/asia/bn-brunei.json

{
  "intro": {
    "background": {
      "text": "The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in Asia."
    }
  },
  "geo": {
    "location": {
      "text": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia"
    },
    "geographic_coordinates": {
      "text": "4 30 N, 114 40 E"
    },
    "map_references": {
      "text": "Southeast Asia"
    },
    "area": {
      "total": "5,765 sq km",
      "land": "5,265 sq km",
      "water": "500 sq km"
    },
    "area_comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware"
    },
    "land_boundaries": {
      "total": "381 km",
      "border_countries": "Malaysia 381 km"
    },
    "coastline": {
      "text": "161 km"
    },
    "maritime_claims": {
      "territorial_sea": "12 nm",
      "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm or to median line"
    },
    "climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy"
    },
    "terrain": {
      "text": "flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west"
    },
    "elevation_extremes": {
      "lowest_point": "South China Sea 0 m",
      "highest_point": "Bukit Pagon 1,850 m"
    },
    "natural_resources": {
      "text": "petroleum, natural gas, timber"
    },
    "land_use": {
      "arable_land": "0.52%",
      "permanent_crops": "0.87%",
      "other": "98.61% (2011)"
    },
    "irrigated_land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2003)"
    },
    "total_renewable_water_resources": {
      "text": "8.5 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
      "total": "0.09  cu km/yr (97%/0%/3%)",
      "per_capita": "301.6  cu m/yr (2009)"
    },
    "natural_hazards": {
      "text": "typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare"
    },
    "environment_current_issues": {
      "text": "seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia"
    },
    "environment_international_agreements": {
      "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution",
      "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
    },
    "geography_note": {
      "text": "close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "nationality": {
      "noun": "Bruneian(s)",
      "adjective": "Bruneian"
    },
    "ethnic_groups": {
      "text": "Malay 66.3%, Chinese 11.2%, indigenous 3.4%, other 19.1% (2004 est.)"
    },
    "languages": {
      "text": "Malay (official), English, Chinese"
    },
    "religions": {
      "text": "Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%"
    },
    "population": {
      "text": "415,717 (July 2013 est.)"
    },
    "age_structure": {
      "0_14_years": "24.6% (male 52,761/female 49,538)",
      "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 35,879/female 36,767)",
      "25_54_years": "46.8% (male 94,827/female 99,779)",
      "55_64_years": "7.3% (male 15,594/female 14,642)",
      "65_years_and_over": "3.8% (male 7,767/female 8,163) (2013 est.)"
    },
    "dependency_ratios": {
      "total_dependency_ratio": "42 %",
      "youth_dependency_ratio": "36 %",
      "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.1 %",
      "potential_support_ratio": "16.4 (2013)"
    },
    "median_age": {
      "total": "29 years",
      "male": "28.7 years",
      "female": "29.2 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "population_growth_rate": {
      "text": "1.67% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "birth_rate": {
      "text": "17.63 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "death_rate": {
      "text": "3.43 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "net_migration_rate": {
      "text": "2.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "urbanization": {
      "urban_population": "76% of total population (2011)",
      "rate_of_urbanization": "2.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
    },
    "major_urban_areas_population": {
      "text": "BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) 241,000",
      "note": "the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold (2011)"
    },
    "sex_ratio": {
      "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female",
      "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female",
      "15_24_years": "0.97 male(s)/female",
      "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female",
      "55_64_years": "1.07 male(s)/female",
      "65_years_and_over": "0.95 male(s)/female",
      "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
    },
    "maternal_mortality_rate": {
      "text": "24 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
    },
    "infant_mortality_rate": {
      "total": "10.81 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "male": "12.89 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "female": "8.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
    },
    "life_expectancy_at_birth": {
      "total_population": "76.57 years",
      "male": "74.28 years",
      "female": "78.97 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "total_fertility_rate": {
      "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
    },
    "health_expenditures": {
      "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "physicians_density": {
      "text": "1.42 physicians/1,000 population (2008)"
    },
    "hospital_bed_density": {
      "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "less than 0.1% (2003 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
      "text": "fewer than 200 (2003 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_deaths": {
      "text": "fewer than 200 (2003 est.)"
    },
    "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "7.5% (2008)"
    },
    "education_expenditures": {
      "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012)"
    },
    "literacy": {
      "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
      "total_population": "95.4%",
      "male": "97%",
      "female": "93.9% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
      "total": "15 years",
      "male": "15 years",
      "female": "16 years (2011)"
    }
  },
  "govt": {
    "country_name": {
      "conventional_long_form": "Brunei Darussalam",
      "conventional_short_form": "Brunei",
      "local_long_form": "Negara Brunei Darussalam",
      "local_short_form": "Brunei"
    },
    "government_type": {
      "text": "constitutional sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic Monarchy)"
    },
    "capital": {
      "name": "Bandar Seri Begawan",
      "geographic_coordinates": "4 53 N, 114 56 E",
      "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
    },
    "administrative_divisions": {
      "text": "4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei-Muara, Temburong, Tutong"
    },
    "independence": {
      "text": "1 January 1984 (from the UK)"
    },
    "national_holiday": {
      "text": "National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection"
    },
    "constitution": {
      "text": "29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)"
    },
    "legal_system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law"
    },
    "international_law_organization_participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age for village elections; universal"
    },
    "executive_branch": {
      "chief_of_state": "Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state (Yang Di-Pertuan Agong) and head of government",
      "head_of_government": "Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)",
      "cabinet": "Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises",
      "elections": "none; the monarchy is hereditary"
    },
    "legislative_branch": {
      "text": "the Sultan appointed a Legislative Council with 29 members in September 2005; he increased the size of the council to 33 members in June 2011; the council meets annually in March",
      "elections": "last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)",
      "note": "the Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; it passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; no timeframe for an election was announced"
    },
    "judicial_branch": {
      "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of Court of Appeal and High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court of Appeal (consists of judges appointed by the monarch) note - Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only",
      "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court of Appeal judges appointed by the monarch; judge tenure NA",
      "subordinate_courts": "Intermediate Court; Magistrate's Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts (2006)"
    },
    "political_parties_and_leaders": {
      "text": "National Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi]",
      "note": "Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF bin Chuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN bin Haji Ahmad] were deregistered in 2007; parties are small and have limited activity"
    },
    "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "international_organization_participation": {
      "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dato Yusoff Abd HAMID",
      "chancery": "3520 International Court NW #300, Washington, DC 20008",
      "telephone": "[1] (202) 237-1838",
      "fax": "[1] (202) 885-0560"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daniel L. SHIELDS III",
      "embassy": "Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Kebangsaan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115",
      "mailing_address": "Unit 4280, Box 40, FPO AP 96507; P.O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8675, Negara Brunei Darussalam",
      "telephone": "[673] 238-4616",
      "fax": "[673] 238-4604"
    },
    "flag_description": {
      "text": "yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; yellow is the color of royalty and symbolizes the sultanate; the white and black bands denote Brunei's chief ministers; the emblem includes five main components: a swallow-tailed flag, the royal umbrella representing the monarchy, the wings of four feathers symbolizing justice, tranquility, prosperity, and peace, the two upraised hands signifying the government's pledge to preserve and promote the welfare of the people, and the crescent moon denoting Islam, the state religion; the state motto \"Always render service with God's guidance\" appears in yellow Arabic script on the crescent; a ribbon below the crescent reads \"Brunei, the Abode of Peace\""
    },
    "national_anthem": {
      "name": "\"Allah Peliharakan Sultan\" (God Bless His Majesty)",
      "lyrics_music": "Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap",
      "note": "adopted 1951"
    }
  },
  "econ": {
    "economy_overview": {
      "text": "Brunei has a small well-to-do economy that depends on revenue from natural resource extraction but encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for 60% of GDP and more than 90% of exports. Per capita GDP is among the highest in Asia, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. For Bruneian citizens the government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level. The government of Brunei has been emphasizing through policy and resource investments it strong desire to diversity its economy both within the oil and gas sector and to new sectors."
    },
    "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
      "text": "$22.04 billion (2012 est.); $21.76 billion (2011 est.); $21.29 billion (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
      "text": "$16.63 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_real_growth_rate": {
      "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); 2.6% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
      "text": "$55,300 (2012 est.); $55,400 (2011 est.); $55,000 (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
      "household_consumption": "20.7%",
      "government_consumption": "18%",
      "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.1%",
      "investment_in_inventories": "0%",
      "exports_of_goods_and_services": "78.9%",
      "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.7% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
      "agriculture": "0.6%",
      "industry": "71.7%",
      "services": "27.7% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "agriculture_products": {
      "text": "rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs"
    },
    "industries": {
      "text": "petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, transportation"
    },
    "industrial_production_growth_rate": {
      "text": "0.1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force": {
      "text": "205,800 (2011 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force_by_occupation": {
      "agriculture": "4.2%",
      "industry": "62.8%",
      "services": "33% (2008 est.)"
    },
    "unemployment_rate": {
      "text": "2.6% (2011); 2.7% (2010)"
    },
    "population_below_poverty_line": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
      "lowest_10%": "NA%",
      "highest_10%": "NA%"
    },
    "budget": {
      "revenues": "$7.363 billion",
      "expenditures": "$5.122 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "taxes_and_other_revenues": {
      "text": "44.3% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
      "text": "13.5% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "fiscal_year": {
      "text": "1 April - 31 March"
    },
    "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
      "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 2.1% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
      "text": "5.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.5% (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_narrow_money": {
      "text": "$3.509 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.255 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_broad_money": {
      "text": "$11.62 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_domestic_credit": {
      "text": "$2.266 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "current_account_balance": {
      "text": "$3.977 billion (2009 est.)"
    },
    "exports": {
      "text": "$12.75 billion (2011); $9.88 billion (2010)"
    },
    "exports_commodities": {
      "text": "crude oil, natural gas, garments"
    },
    "exports_partners": {
      "text": "Japan 46.5%, South Korea 15.5%, Australia 9.3%, India 7%, NZ 6.7% (2012)"
    },
    "imports": {
      "text": "$3.02 billion (2011 est.); $2.73 billion (2010 est.)"
    },
    "imports_commodities": {
      "text": "iron and steel, motor vehicles, machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals"
    },
    "imports_partners": {
      "text": "Singapore 26.3%, China 21.3%, UK 21.3%, Malaysia 11.8% (2012)"
    },
    "debt_external": {
      "text": "$0 (2005)"
    },
    "exchange_rates": {
      "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar -; 1.2496 (2012 est.); 1.2579 (2011 est.); 1.3635 (2010 est.); 1.45 (2009)"
    }
  },
  "energy": {
    "electricity_production": {
      "text": "3.723 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_consumption": {
      "text": "3.391 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
      "text": "894,000 kW (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
      "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_production": {
      "text": "166,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_exports": {
      "text": "155,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_production": {
      "text": "14,720 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
      "text": "14,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
      "text": "1,016 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_production": {
      "text": "11.8 billion cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_consumption": {
      "text": "2.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_exports": {
      "text": "8.83 billion cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "390.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
      "text": "8.271 million Mt (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "comm": {
    "telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
      "text": "79,800 (2011)"
    },
    "telephones_mobile_cellular": {
      "text": "443,200 (2011)"
    },
    "telephone_system": {
      "general_assessment": "service throughout the country is good; international service is good to Southeast Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, and the US",
      "domestic": "every service available",
      "international": "country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network provides new links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)"
    },
    "broadcast_media": {
      "text": "state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on 2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are available via repeaters (2009)"
    },
    "internet_country_code": {
      "text": ".bn"
    },
    "internet_hosts": {
      "text": "49,457 (2012)"
    },
    "internet_users": {
      "text": "314,900 (2009)"
    }
  },
  "trans": {
    "airports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_paved_runways": {
      "total": "1",
      "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "heliports": {
      "text": "3 (2013)"
    },
    "pipelines": {
      "text": "condensate 33 km; condensate/gas 86 km; gas 628 km; oil 492 km (2013)"
    },
    "roadways": {
      "total": "3,029 km",
      "paved": "2,425 km",
      "unpaved": "604 km (2010)"
    },
    "waterways": {
      "text": "209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m; the Belait, Brunei, and Tutong rivers are major transport links) (2012)"
    },
    "merchant_marine": {
      "total": "9",
      "by_type": "chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 8",
      "foreign_owned": "2 (UK 2) (2010)"
    },
    "ports_and_terminals": {
      "major_seaports": "Muara",
      "oil_gas_terminals": "Lumut, Seria"
    }
  },
  "military": {
    "military_branches": {
      "text": "Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei) (2013)"
    },
    "military_service_age_and_obligation": {
      "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2013)"
    },
    "manpower_available_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "112,688",
      "females_age_16_49": "117,536 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "95,141",
      "females_age_16_49": "99,386 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
      "male": "3,572",
      "female": "3,465 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "military_expenditures": {
      "text": "2.4% of GDP (2011)"
    }
  },
  "issues": {
    "disputes_international": {
      "text": "per Letters of Exchange signed in 2009, Malaysia in 2010 ceded two hydrocarbon concession blocks to Brunei in exchange for Brunei's sultan dropping claims to the Limbang corridor, which divides Brunei; nonetheless, Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Louisa Reef"
    },
    "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": {
      "stateless_persons": "21,009 (2012); note - thousands of stateless persons, often ethnic Chinese, are permanent residents and their families have lived in Brunei for generations; obtaining citizenship is difficult and requires individuals to pass rigorous tests on Malay culture, customs, and language; stateless residents receive an International Certificate of Identity, which enables them to travel overseas; the government is considering changing the law prohibiting non-Bruneians, including stateless permanent residents, from owning land"
    },
    "illicit_drugs": {
      "text": "drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty"
    }
  }
}