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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"text": "changes to the ocean's physical, chemical, and biological systems have taken place because of climate change, ocean acidification, and commercial exploitation"
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"text": "natural and man-made changes to the ocean's physical, chemical, and biological systems "
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},
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"Environment - international agreements": {
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"text": "the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing)<br> <p><strong>note:</strong> mineral exploitation except for scientific research is banned by the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty; additionally, many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north</p>"
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"Government": {
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"Country name": {
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) included the ocean and its definition as the waters south of 60 degrees south in its year 2000 revision, but this has not formally been adopted; the 2000 IHO definition, however, was circulated in a draft edition of the IHO's <em>Names and Limits of Oceans and Seas</em> in 2002 and has acquired de facto usage by many nations and organizations, including the CIA"
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"text": "the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has not formally adopted the definition of the Southern Ocean as the waters south of 60 degrees south; the definition, however, was circulated in a draft edition of the IHO's <em>Names and Limits of Oceans and Seas</em> in 2002 and has since become the de facto name for many nations and organizations, including the CIA"
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}
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}
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},
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