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114
middle-east/ae.json
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@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
"text": "1.64 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.79 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.79 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -335,12 +335,12 @@
"text": "0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "72.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "72.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -371,13 +371,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "14%"
"text": "10.7%"
},
"male": {
"text": "12.5%"
"text": "7.9%"
},
"female": {
"text": "18.7% (2020 est.)"
"text": "19.9% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -673,51 +673,51 @@
"text": "<p>The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP from the oil and gas sector to 30%.</p> <p> </p> <p>Since the discovery of oil in the UAE nearly 60 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.</p> <p> </p> <p>The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014.</p> <p> </p> <p>The UAE’s dependence on oil is a significant long-term challenge, although the UAE is one of the most diversified countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to cut expenditures, including on some social programs, but the UAE has sufficient assets in its sovereign investment funds to cover its deficits. The government reduced fuel subsidies in August 2015, and introduced excise taxes (50% on sweetened carbonated beverages and 100% on energy drinks and tobacco) in October 2017. A five-percent value-added tax was introduced in January 2018. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification, promoting the UAE as a global trade and tourism hub, developing industry, and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$653.067 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$628.455 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$655.79 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$644.97 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$637.384 billion (2017 est.)"
"text": "$661.233 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "0.8% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.92% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "3% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-4.96% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "5.1% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "1.11% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$69,700 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$67,700 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$67,100 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$67,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$67,184 (2017 est.)"
"text": "$71,800 (2019 est.)"
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$421.077 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-2.08% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "-1.9% (2019 est.)"
"text": "-1.93% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "3% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "1.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3.07% (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -770,10 +770,10 @@
"text": "petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "1.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.54% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.344 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "6.074 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> expatriates account for about 85% of the workforce"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -788,22 +788,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "1.6% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.36% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2014": {
"text": "3.6% (2014 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "3.19% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "2.23% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "14%"
"text": "10.7%"
},
"male": {
"text": "12.5%"
"text": "7.9%"
},
"female": {
"text": "18.7% (2020 est.)"
"text": "19.9% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -843,7 +846,7 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "28.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.68% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
@ -885,11 +888,14 @@
"text": "gold, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, refined petroleum, diamonds (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$95.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$131.117 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$85.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$106.702 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$108.359 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -904,20 +910,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "3.673 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "3.67315 (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.673 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "3.67315 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3.673 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "3.67315 (2018 est.)"
"text": "3.673 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "3.673 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "3.673 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "3.673 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

148
middle-east/aj.json
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@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
"text": "1.86 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.91 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.9 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -345,12 +345,12 @@
"text": "0.1% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "63.1% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "4.9% (2013)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "62.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "4.3% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -381,13 +381,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "12.4%"
"text": "16.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "10.9%"
"text": "14.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "14.2% (2019 est.)"
"text": "18.9% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -678,52 +678,52 @@
"text": "<p>Prior to the decline in global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports and to some non-export sectors. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa Pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. First gas to Turkey through the SGC is expected in 2018 with project completion expected by 2020-21.</p> <p> </p> <p>Declining oil prices caused a 3.1% contraction in GDP in 2016, and a 0.8% decline in 2017, highlighted by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline was accompanied by higher inflation, a weakened banking sector, and two sharp currency devaluations in 2015. Azerbaijan’s financial sector continued to struggle. In May 2017, Baku allowed the majority state-owed International Bank of Azerbaijan (IBA), the nation’s largest bank, to default on some of its outstanding debt and file for restructuring in Azerbaijani courts; IBA also filed in US and UK bankruptcy courts to have its restructuring recognized in their respective jurisdictions.</p> <p> </p> <p>Azerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. The government has, however, made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports - mainly in the agricultural sector - with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the US, and others. It is also improving Baku airport and the Caspian Sea port of Alat for use as a regional transportation and logistics hub.</p> <p> </p> <p>Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to develop export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the president approved a strategic roadmap for economic reforms that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, information technology, and tourism. In October 2017, the long-awaited Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, stretching from the Azerbaijani capital to Kars in north-eastern Turkey, began limited service.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$146.305 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$138.51 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$138.546 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$144.74 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$141.24 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$144.771 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "0.1% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "5.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "-3.1% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-4.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "0.6% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "2.5% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$14,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$13,700 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$14,400 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$14,200 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$48.104 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "6.65% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "2.76% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "2.6% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "2.3% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "12.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.61% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -776,10 +776,10 @@
"text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-3.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.95% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.939 million (2019 est.)"
"text": "4.919 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -793,22 +793,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "5% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.58% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "5% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.46% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "4.85% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "12.4%"
"text": "16.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "10.9%"
"text": "14.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "14.2% (2019 est.)"
"text": "18.9% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -817,9 +820,6 @@
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": {
"text": "33.7 (2008)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2001": {
"text": "36.5 (2001)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -850,29 +850,32 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "14.22% (of GDP) (2019 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "$1.685 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$8.292 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$1.363 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$227.568 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$4.365 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$25.488 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$15.21 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$15.209 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$23.63 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$25.48 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports."
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -882,14 +885,14 @@
"text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, tomatoes, gold (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$16.337 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$15.54 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$15.538 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$17.71 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$17.71 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$17.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -899,11 +902,14 @@
"text": "gold, cars, refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$6.681 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$8.307 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$7.142 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$7.634 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$7.043 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -918,20 +924,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "1.7 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "1.7 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "1.7 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "1.7 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "1.723 (2017 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "1.5957 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "1.5957 (2015 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "1.0246 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "0.7844 (2013 est.)"
"text": "1.721 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

176
middle-east/am.json
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@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
"text": "1.65 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.79 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.79 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "57.1% (2015/16)"
@ -340,12 +340,12 @@
"text": "1.5% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "64.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "2.6% (2015/16)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "64.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "0%"
@ -387,13 +387,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "24%"
"text": "36.1%"
},
"male": {
"text": "25.4%"
"text": "34%"
},
"female": {
"text": "22.1% (2020 est.)"
"text": "38.7% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -679,37 +679,37 @@
"text": "<p>Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region.</p> <p> </p> <p>Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan.</p> <p> </p> <p>Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$39.613 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$37.31 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$37.476 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$40.38 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$37.53 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$40.384 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "7.5% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "5.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "0.3% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-7.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "3.3% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "7.6% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$14,200 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$12,600 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$13,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$13,700 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$12,700 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$14,300 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -717,14 +717,14 @@
"text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "7.18% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.21% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "1.4% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "2.5% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "0.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.44% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -774,10 +774,10 @@
"text": "brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "5.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.507 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.153 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -791,33 +791,33 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "18.9% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "20.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "18.8% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "21.21% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "18.3% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "24%"
"text": "36.1%"
},
"male": {
"text": "25.4%"
"text": "34%"
},
"female": {
"text": "22.1% (2020 est.)"
"text": "38.7% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "26.4% (2019 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
"text": "34.4 (2018 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": {
"text": "31.5 (2013 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "25.2 (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -840,36 +840,39 @@
"text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2017": {
"text": "53.5% of GDP (2017 est.)"
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "63.4% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2016": {
"text": "51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "50.03% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "21.86% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$328 million (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$515.126 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$238 million (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$477.811 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$996.978 million (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$5.012 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$3.82 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$3.818 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$5.64 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$4.91 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$5.794 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports."
},
@ -880,14 +883,14 @@
"text": "copper ore, gold, tobacco, liquors, iron alloys (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$6.12 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$5 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$5.082 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$7.47 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$6.61 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$7.603 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -897,11 +900,14 @@
"text": "natural gas, cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, diamonds (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$2.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$3.23 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$2.204 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$2.616 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$2.85 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -916,20 +922,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "503.77 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "489.009 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "480.445 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "482.988 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "487.9 (2017 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "480.49 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "480.49 (2015 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "477.92 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "415.92 (2013 est.)"
"text": "482.716 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1161,12 +1167,8 @@
},
"Railways": {
"total": {
"text": "780 km (2014)"
},
"broad gauge": {
"text": "780 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (780 km electrified)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 726 km operational"
"text": "686 km (2017)"
}
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
@ -1221,7 +1223,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "38,774 (Azerbaijan), 5,205 (Syria - ethnic Armenians) (mid-year 2021)"
"text": "27,929 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "892 (mid-year 2021)"

118
middle-east/ba.json
View file

@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
"text": "1.67 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.82 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.82 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -335,12 +335,12 @@
"text": "4.5% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "44.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "43.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -371,13 +371,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "5.3%"
"text": "9.9%"
},
"male": {
"text": "2.6%"
"text": "6.1%"
},
"female": {
"text": "12.2% (2012 est.)"
"text": "20.5% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -666,37 +666,37 @@
"text": "<p>Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrain’s economy. Despite the Government’s past efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini budget revenues. In the last few years lower world energy prices have generated sizable budget deficits - about 10% of GDP in 2017 alone. Bahrain has few options for covering these deficits, with low foreign assets and fewer oil resources compared to its GCC neighbors. The three major US credit agencies downgraded Bahrain’s sovereign debt rating to \"junk\" status in 2016, citing persistently low oil prices and the government’s high debt levels. Nevertheless, Bahrain was able to raise about $4 billion by issuing foreign currency denominated debt in 2017.</p> <p> </p> <p>Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil and gas –finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In April 2018 Bahrain announced it had found a significant oil field off the country’s west coast, but is still assessing how much of the oil can be extracted profitably.</p> <p> </p> <p>In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain’s regional competitiveness — especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism — and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector. Since 2015, the government lifted subsidies on meat, diesel, kerosene, and gasoline and has begun to phase in higher prices for electricity and water. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. It plans to introduce a Value Added Tax (VAT) by the end of 2018.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$72.267 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$69.65 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$70.694 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$73.95 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$72.51 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$74.364 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "2.23% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-4.94% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "2.49% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "13.89% (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "3.85% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.17% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$49,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$40,900 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$47,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$45,100 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$46,200 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$49,800 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -704,11 +704,14 @@
"text": "$38.472 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "1.4% (2017 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "-0.61% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
"text": "2.8% (2016 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-2.32% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "1.01% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -761,10 +764,10 @@
"text": "petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "0.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "831,600 (2017 est.)",
"text": "819,100 (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -779,23 +782,26 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "3.6% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "1.87% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "3.7% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "1.78% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "1.2% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> official estimate; actual rate is higher"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "5.3%"
"text": "9.9%"
},
"male": {
"text": "2.6%"
"text": "6.1%"
},
"female": {
"text": "12.2% (2012 est.)"
"text": "20.5% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -835,6 +841,9 @@
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2018": {
"text": "-$2.435 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$1.6 billion (2017 est.)"
},
@ -844,10 +853,10 @@
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$30.1 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$30.097 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports 2017": {
"text": "$26.762 billion (2017 est.)"
"text": "$26.732 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports."
},
@ -859,10 +868,10 @@
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$27.19 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$27.187 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2017": {
"text": "$22.132 billion (2017 est.)"
"text": "$23.876 billion (2017 est.)"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -872,11 +881,14 @@
"text": "cars, iron ore, jewelry, gold, gas turbines (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$2.349 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$4.993 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$3.094 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$2.523 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$3.903 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -891,20 +903,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "0.376 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "0.37705 (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.376 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.37705 (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.376 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.377 (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.376 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "0.376 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "0.376 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "0.376 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

183
middle-east/gg.json
View file

@ -127,6 +127,9 @@
"Religions": {
"text": "Orthodox (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Analyzing population trends in Georgia since independence in 1991 has proven difficult due to a lack of reliable demographic statistics.  Censuses were fairly accurately and regularly updated through a vital statistics system during Georgia’s period of Soviet rule, but from independence until about 2010, the system broke down as a result of institutional and economic change, social unrest, and large-scale outmigration.  The 2002 census is believed to have significantly overestimated the size of Georgia’s population, in part because respondents continued to include relatives living abroad as part of their household count.  The 2014 census indicates that Georgia’s population is decreasing and aging.  Census data shows that the median age increased from 34.5 years in 2002 to 37.7 years in 2014.  The working-age population (ages 15-65 years) was fairly high in 2002 and rose between 2005 and 2011. Nonetheless, Georgia did not reap economic benefits from this age structure, since the working-age population increase seems to have stimulated labor outmigration to Russia, Ukraine, and other neighboring countries.</p> <p>Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Georgia has seen its economy grow to its highest level in years due to the influx of Russian businesses, information and communications technology specialists, and money transfers.  This growth may only be temporary and conditions could still easily change depending on future events.  Meanwhile, the Russian inflow is also a source of concern, as some Georgians fear it could prompt Putin to target their country next.  In addition, Ukrainian refugees use Georgia not just as a transit country but also a destination.  Some 25,000 Ukrainians remain in the country as of November 2022; they pose an additional strain on resources in Georgia, which has a significant population of its own displaced citizens – from the 2008 Russian occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia – who continue to need government support.</p>"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
"text": "18.42% (male 472,731/female 435,174)"
@ -252,7 +255,7 @@
"text": "1.75 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.85 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.85 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "40.6% (2018)"
@ -340,12 +343,12 @@
"text": "7.1% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "67.3% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "2.1% (2018)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "67.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "0.3%"
@ -387,13 +390,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "31.3%"
"text": "28.3%"
},
"male": {
"text": "30.5%"
"text": "27.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "32.7% (2020 est.)"
"text": "29.9% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -575,7 +578,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 November 2018 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president <br><br>note - 2017 constitutional amendments made the 2018 election the last where the president was directly elected; future presidents will be elected by a 300-member College of Electors; in light of these changes, ZOURABICHVILI was allowed a six-year term"
},
"election results": {
"text": "2018 Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2<br><br>2013 Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI is sworn in as president (Georgian Dream) 62.1%, David BAKRADZE (ENM) 21.7%, Nino BURJANADZE (DM-UG) 10.2%, other 6%"
"text": "<em>2018:</em> Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2<br><br><em>2013:</em> Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI elected president (Georgian Dream) 62.1%, David BAKRADZE (ENM) 21.7%, Nino BURJANADZE (DM-UG) 10.2%, other 6%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -675,52 +678,52 @@
"text": "<p>Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its electricity needs.</p> <p> </p> <p>Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods.</p> <p> </p> <p>Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment, remittances, and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sank to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-17, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment remains persistently high.</p> <p> </p> <p>The country is pinning its hopes for faster growth on a continued effort to build up infrastructure, enhance support for entrepreneurship, simplify regulations, and improve professional education, in order to attract foreign investment and boost employment, with a focus on transportation projects, tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Georgia had historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia concluded an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. In 2017, Georgia signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China as part of Tbilisi’s efforts to diversify its economic ties. Georgia is seeking to develop its Black Sea ports to further facilitate East-West trade.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$57.434 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$52.33 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$51.993 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$55.76 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$53.12 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$55.762 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "5% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "10.47% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "2.8% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-6.76% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "2.9% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "4.98% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$15,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$14,100 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$14,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$15,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$14,300 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "9.57% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "5.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "4.8% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "2.6% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.85% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -773,10 +776,10 @@
"text": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "6.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "686,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1.724 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -790,30 +793,33 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "11.8% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "10.66% (2021 est.) NA%"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "18.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "11.57% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "31.3%"
"text": "28.3%"
},
"male": {
"text": "30.5%"
"text": "27.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "32.7% (2020 est.)"
"text": "29.9% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "19.5% (2019 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
"text": "36.4 (2018 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": {
"text": "46 (2011)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "34.5 (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -836,37 +842,43 @@
"text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2017": {
"text": "44.9% of GDP (2017 est.)"
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "65.88% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2016": {
"text": "44.4% of GDP (2016 est.)"
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "45.15% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2018": {
"text": "38.89% of GDP (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "21.41% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$1.348 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.937 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$1.84 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$1.981 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$1.025 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$8.086 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$5.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$5.927 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$9.54 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$8.9 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$9.546 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -876,14 +888,14 @@
"text": "copper, cars, iron alloys, wine, packaged medicines (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$11.151 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$8.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$8.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$11.11 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$10.77 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$11.162 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -893,11 +905,14 @@
"text": "cars, refined petroleum, copper, packaged medicines, natural gas (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$3.039 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$4.271 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$2.756 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$3.913 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$3.506 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -912,20 +927,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "3.222 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "3.109 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "2.818 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "2.534 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "2.535 (2017 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "2.3668 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "2.3668 (2015 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "2.2694 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "1.7657 (2013 est.)"
"text": "2.51 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1061,18 +1076,18 @@
"Communications": {
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
"total subscriptions": {
"text": "387,698 (2020 est.)"
"text": "337,923 (2021 est.)"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "10 (2020 est.)"
"text": "9 (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
"total subscriptions": {
"text": "5,100,101 (2020 est.)"
"text": "5,163,558 (2021 est.)"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "128 (2020 est.)"
"text": "137 (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
@ -1103,10 +1118,10 @@
},
"Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
"total": {
"text": "972,162 (2020 est.)"
"text": "986,809 (2021 est.)"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "24 (2020 est.)"
"text": "25 (2021 est.)"
}
}
},

132
middle-east/gz.json
View file

@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
"text": "3.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.67 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.62 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "57.3% (2019/20)",
@ -285,14 +285,14 @@
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<p><strong>note: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the Gaza Strip is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine</p>"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "62.3% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data includes Gaza and the West Bank"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "2.1% (2019/20)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "62.4% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data includes Gaza and the West Bank"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "0.7%"
@ -335,13 +335,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "41.7%"
"text": "39.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "37.3%"
"text": "33.7%"
},
"female": {
"text": "64.5% (2021 est.)"
"text": "69% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank"
}
@ -429,29 +429,38 @@
"text": "<p>Movement and access restrictions, violent attacks, and the slow pace of post-conflict reconstruction continue to degrade economic conditions in the Gaza Strip, the smaller of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories. Israeli controls became more restrictive after HAMAS seized control of the territory in June 2007. Under Hamas control, Gaza has suffered from rising unemployment, elevated poverty rates, and a sharp contraction of the private sector, which had relied primarily on export markets.</p><p></p><p>Since April 2017, the Palestinian Authority has reduced payments for electricity supplied to Gaza and cut salaries for its employees there, exacerbating poor economic conditions. Since 2014, Egypt’s crackdown on the Gaza Strip’s extensive tunnel-based smuggling network has exacerbated fuel, construction material, and consumer goods shortages in the territory. Donor support for reconstruction following the 51-day conflict in 2014 between Israel and HAMAS and other Gaza-based militant groups has fallen short of post-conflict needs.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "<p>see entry for the West Bank</p>"
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$27.779 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$25.95 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$29.262 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "see entry for the West Bank"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2014": {
"text": "-15.2% (2014 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2013": {
"text": "5.6% (2013 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-11.32% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2012": {
"text": "7% (2012 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "1.36% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes the West Bank"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$5,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$5,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$6,220 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$6,318 (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$6,402 (2017 est.)"
"text": "$6,200 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "see entry for the the West Bank"
},
@ -460,11 +469,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes the West Bank"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "0.2% (2017 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.24% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
"text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.74% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "1.58% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes the West Bank"
},
@ -508,11 +520,11 @@
"text": "textiles, food processing, furniture"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.2% (2017 est.)",
"text": "6.22% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> see entry for the West Bank"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.24 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "1.249 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes the West Bank"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -528,23 +540,26 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data exclude the West Bank"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "27.9% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "24.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "27% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "25.89% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "25.34% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data exclude the West Bank"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "41.7%"
"text": "39.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "37.3%"
"text": "33.7%"
},
"female": {
"text": "64.5% (2021 est.)"
"text": "69% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank"
},
@ -560,35 +575,47 @@
"Budget": {
"text": "see entry for the West Bank"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "18.78% (of GDP) (2018 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$1.444 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.486 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$1.348 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$1.903 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$1.779 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes the West Bank"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2017": {
"text": "$1.955 billion (2017 est.)"
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$3.18 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2016": {
"text": "$1.827 billion (2016 est.)"
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$2.385 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$2.659 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "strawberries, carnations, vegetables, fish (small and irregular shipments, as permitted to transit the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom crossing)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$8.59 billion (2018 est.)"
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$10.245 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2017": {
"text": "$7.852 billion (2017 est.)"
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$8.065 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$9.161 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "see entry for the West Bank"
},
@ -596,11 +623,14 @@
"text": "food, consumer goods, fuel"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$446.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$872.541 million (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": {
"text": "$583 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$697.075 million (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$658.352 million (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {

108
middle-east/ir.json
View file

@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
"text": "1.93 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.94 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.94 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -363,12 +363,12 @@
"text": "3.1% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "70.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "4.1% (2010/11)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "70.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -399,13 +399,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "23.7%"
"text": "27.2%"
},
"male": {
"text": "21.2%"
"text": "24%"
},
"female": {
"text": "36% (2020 est.)"
"text": "41.7% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -688,37 +688,37 @@
"text": "<p>Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including corruption, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth.</p> <p> </p> <p>Private sector activity includes small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services, in addition to medium-scale construction, cement production, mining, and metalworking. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread.</p> <p> </p> <p>The lifting of most nuclear-related sanctions under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in January 2016 sparked a restoration of Iran’s oil production and revenue that drove rapid GDP growth, but economic growth declined in 2017 as oil production plateaued. The economy continues to suffer from low levels of investment and declines in productivity since before the JCPOA, and from high levels of unemployment, especially among women and college-educated Iranian youth.</p> <p> </p> <p>In May 2017, the re-election of President Hasan RUHANI generated widespread public expectations that the economic benefits of the JCPOA would expand and reach all levels of society. RUHANI will need to implement structural reforms that strengthen the banking sector and improve Iran’s business climate to attract foreign investment and encourage the growth of the private sector. Sanctions that are not related to Iran’s nuclear program remain in effect, and these—plus fears over the possible re-imposition of nuclear-related sanctions—will continue to deter foreign investors from engaging with Iran.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$1.319 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$1,044,310,000,000 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$1.26 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$1,027,240,000,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$1.102 trillion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$1.219 trillion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "3.7% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "4.72% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "12.5% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "3.33% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "-2.66% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$15,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$12,400 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$14,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$12,400 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$13,500 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$14,100 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -726,11 +726,14 @@
"text": "$581.252 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "9.6% (2017 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "43.39% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
"text": "9.1% (2016 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "30.59% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "39.91% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> official Iranian estimate"
},
@ -772,10 +775,10 @@
"text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3.21% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "30.5 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "27.682 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> shortage of skilled labor"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -790,31 +793,34 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "11.8% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "11.46% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "12.4% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "12.17% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "10.74% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are Iranian Government numbers"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "23.7%"
"text": "27.2%"
},
"male": {
"text": "21.2%"
"text": "24%"
},
"female": {
"text": "36% (2020 est.)"
"text": "41.7% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "18.7% (2007 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": {
"text": "40.8 (2017 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": {
"text": "40.9 (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -907,20 +913,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "42,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "42,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "42,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "40,864.329 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "32,769.7 (2017 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "30,914.9 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "30,914.9 (2015 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "29,011.5 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "25,912 (2013 est.)"
"text": "33,226.298 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

142
middle-east/is.json
View file

@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
"text": "2.56 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.25 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.24 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -343,12 +343,12 @@
"text": "13.5% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "51.9% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "51.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -379,13 +379,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "7.9%"
"text": "8.8%"
},
"male": {
"text": "7.6%"
"text": "8.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "8.2% (2020 est.)"
"text": "9.2% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -688,37 +688,37 @@
"text": "<p>Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among its leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are offset by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows.</p> <p> </p> <p>Since March 2020, economic growth has slowed compared to recent historical averages, but Israel's slump has been less severe than in other Middle Eastern countries because of its swift vaccine roll-out and diversified economic base. Between 2016 and 2019, growth averaged 3.6% per year, led by exports. Israel's new government is hoping to pass the country's first budget in two years, which, combined with prudent fiscal policy and strong global trade ties would probably enable Israel to recover from economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> <p> </p> <p>Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds in the last decade. In 2020, Israel began exporting gas to Egypt and Jordan.</p> <p> </p> <p>Income inequality and high housing and commodity prices continue to be a concern for many Israelis. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries, and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. Government officials have called for reforms to boost the housing supply and to increase competition in the banking sector to address these public grievances. Despite calls for reforms, the restricted housing supply continues to impact younger Israelis seeking to purchase homes. Tariffs and non-tariff barriers, coupled with guaranteed prices and customs tariffs for farmers kept food prices high. Private consumption is expected to drive growth through 2021, with consumers benefitting from low inflation and a strong currency.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the long term, Israel faces structural issues including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultraorthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only about 8% of the workforce, with the rest mostly employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition. Expenditures on educational institutions remain low compared to most other OECD countries with similar GDP per capita.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$393.861 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$353.39 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$362.632 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$362.23 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$350.15 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$369.494 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.61% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-2.6% (2020 est.)"
"text": "-1.86% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "3.28% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "3.69% (2018 est.)"
"text": "4.16% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$42,100 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$38,300 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$39,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$40,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$39,400 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$40,800 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -726,14 +726,14 @@
"text": "$394.93 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.49% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.8% (2020 est.)"
"text": "-0.59% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "0.8% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "0.8% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.84% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -786,10 +786,10 @@
"text": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "3.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "6.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "3.893 million (2020 est.)"
"text": "4.186 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -803,25 +803,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "5.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.4% (2020 est.)"
"text": "4.33% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "3.81% (2019 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2018": {
"text": "4% (2018 est.)"
"text": "3.8% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "7.9%"
"text": "8.8%"
},
"male": {
"text": "7.6%"
"text": "8.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "8.2% (2020 est.)"
"text": "9.2% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -830,13 +830,7 @@
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
"text": "37 (2018 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": {
"text": "39 (2016 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": {
"text": "39.2 (2008)"
"text": "38.6 (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -870,31 +864,31 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "21.9% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$21.09 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$20.642 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$22.486 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$13.411 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2018": {
"text": "$7.888 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$14.747 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$143.884 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$113.87 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$114.422 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$115.57 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$110.05 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$117.779 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -904,14 +898,14 @@
"text": "diamonds, packaged medicines, medical instruments, integrated circuits, refined petroleum (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$124.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$96.53 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$95.977 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$108.26 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$107.74 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$108.784 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -921,14 +915,14 @@
"text": "diamonds, cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$173.292 billion (2020 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$212.934 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$113 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$173.292 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$95.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$126.008 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -946,20 +940,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "3.23 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "3.44 (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.442 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "3.4684 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3.565 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "3.7332 (2018 est.)"
"text": "3.591 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "3.8869 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "3.5779 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "3.6 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

158
middle-east/iz.json
View file

@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
"text": "3.25 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.58 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.55 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "52.8% (2018)"
@ -359,12 +359,12 @@
"text": "1.8% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "65.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "3.9% (2018)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "65.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "7.2%"
@ -392,13 +392,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "25.6%"
"text": "27.2%"
},
"male": {
"text": "22%"
"text": "23.5%"
},
"female": {
"text": "63.3% (2017)"
"text": "65.2% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -705,37 +705,37 @@
"text": "<p>Iraq's GDP growth slowed to 1.1% in 2017, a marked decline compared to the previous two years as domestic consumption and investment fell because of civil violence and a sluggish oil market. The Iraqi Government received its third tranche of funding from its 2016 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF in August 2017, which is intended to stabilize its finances by encouraging improved fiscal management, needed economic reform, and expenditure reduction. Additionally, in late 2017 Iraq received more than $1.4 billion in financing from international lenders, part of which was generated by issuing a $1 billion bond for reconstruction and rehabilitation in areas liberated from ISIL. Investment and key sector diversification are crucial components to Iraq’s long-term economic development and require a strengthened business climate with enhanced legal and regulatory oversight to bolster private-sector engagement. The overall standard of living depends on global oil prices, the central government passage of major policy reforms, a stable security environment post-ISIS, and the resolution of civil discord with the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG).</p> <p> </p> <p>Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides roughly 85% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings, and is a major determinant of the economy's fortunes. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil exports and revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential.</p> <p> </p> <p>In 2017, Iraqi oil exports from northern fields were disrupted following a KRG referendum that resulted in the Iraqi Government reasserting federal control over disputed oil fields and energy infrastructure in Kirkuk. The Iraqi government and the KRG dispute the role of federal and regional authorities in the development and export of natural resources. In 2007, the KRG passed an oil law to develop IKR oil and gas reserves independent of the federal government. The KRG has signed about 50 contracts with foreign energy companies to develop its reserves, some of which lie in territories taken by Baghdad in October 2017. The KRG is able to unilaterally export oil from the fields it retains control of through its own pipeline to Turkey, which Baghdad claims is illegal. In the absence of a national hydrocarbons law, the two sides have entered into five provisional oil- and revenue-sharing deals since 2009, all of which collapsed.</p> <p> </p> <p>Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate. The Government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles, including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. Under the Iraqi constitution, some competencies relevant to the overall investment climate are either shared by the federal government and the regions or are devolved entirely to local governments. Investment in the IKR operates within the framework of the Kurdistan Region Investment Law (Law 4 of 2006) and the Kurdistan Board of Investment, which is designed to provide incentives to help economic development in areas under the authority of the KRG.</p> <p> </p> <p>Inflation has remained under control since 2006. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard-pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country despite a bloated public sector. Overregulation has made it difficult for Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Corruption and lack of economic reforms - such as restructuring banks and developing the private sector – have inhibited the growth of the private sector.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$390.165 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$372.27 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$379.6 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$415.32 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$397.64 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$428.076 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "-2.1% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "2.78% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "13.1% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-11.32% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "2.5% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "5.51% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$9,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$9,300 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$8,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$10,600 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$10,300 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$10,300 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -743,14 +743,14 @@
"text": "$231.994 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "6.04% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.57% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "-0.1% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "0.3% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "0.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-0.2% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -803,10 +803,10 @@
"text": "petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-1.14% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "8.9 million (2010 est.)"
"text": "11.184 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -820,22 +820,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2012": {
"text": "16% (2012 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "14.19% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2010": {
"text": "15% (2010 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "14.09% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "12.86% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "25.6%"
"text": "27.2%"
},
"male": {
"text": "22%"
"text": "23.5%"
},
"female": {
"text": "63.3% (2017)"
"text": "65.2% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -866,36 +869,42 @@
"text": "-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2018": {
"text": "27.44% of GDP (2018 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2017": {
"text": "59.7% of GDP (2017 est.)"
"text": "35.86% of GDP (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2016": {
"text": "66% of GDP (2016 est.)"
"text": "29.48% of GDP (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.34% (of GDP) (2019 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "$4.344 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$24.563 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$13.38 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$6.198 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$15.763 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$78.261 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$50.61 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$50.632 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$88.9 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$91.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$88.903 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -905,14 +914,14 @@
"text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, dates, petroleum coke (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$50.707 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$54.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$54.722 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$72.28 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$56.88 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$72.283 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -922,11 +931,14 @@
"text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, jewelry, cigarettes (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$48.88 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$64.231 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$45.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$54.424 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$68.018 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -941,20 +953,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "1,450 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "1,192 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "1,182 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "1,182.75 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "1,184 (2017 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "1,182 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "1,182 (2015 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "1,167.63 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "1,213.72 (2013 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1288,7 +1300,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,272 (Turkey), 7,881 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 263,087 (Syria) (2022)"
"text": "13,344 (Turkey), 7,864 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 263,087 (Syria) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1,184,818 (displacement in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2022)"

154
middle-east/jo.json
View file

@ -260,7 +260,7 @@
"text": "2.96 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.44 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.41 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "51.8% (2017/18)"
@ -351,12 +351,12 @@
"text": "12.8% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "55.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "3% (2012)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "55.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "1.5%"
@ -398,13 +398,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "43%"
},
"male": {
"text": "40.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "37.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "54.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "53.8% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -701,37 +701,37 @@
"text": "<p>Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of unemployment and underemployment, budget and current account deficits, and government debt.</p> <p> </p> <p>King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as expanding foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil contributed to slower growth from 2010 to 2017 - with growth averaging about 2.5% per year - and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction/real estate, and tourism. Since the onset of the civil war in Syria and resulting refugee crisis, one of Jordan’s most pressing socioeconomic challenges has been managing the influx of approximately 660,000 UN-registered refugees, more than 80% of whom live in Jordan’s urban areas. Jordan’s own official census estimated the refugee number at 1.3 million Syrians as of early 2016.</p> <p> </p> <p>Jordan is nearly completely dependent on imported energy—mostly natural gas—and energy consistently makes up 25-30% of Jordan’s imports. To diversify its energy mix, Jordan has secured several contracts for liquefied and pipeline natural gas, developed several major renewables projects, and is currently exploring nuclear power generation and exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves. In August 2016, Jordan and the IMF agreed to a $723 million Extended Fund Facility that aims to build on the three-year, $2.1 billion IMF program that ended in August 2015 with the goal of helping Jordan correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$102.822 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$100.16 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$100.581 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$101.74 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$99.79 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$102.185 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "2.23% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-1.57% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "2% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "1.94% (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "2.12% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.93% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$9,200 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$9,800 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$9,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$10,100 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$10,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$9,600 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -739,14 +739,14 @@
"text": "$44.568 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.35% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.33% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "0.3% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "4.4% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "3.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.76% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -799,10 +799,10 @@
"text": "tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "1.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3.02% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "731,000 (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.865 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -816,23 +816,26 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "19.1% (2019 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "19.25% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2018": {
"text": "18.61% (2018 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "19.03% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "16.81% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "43%"
},
"male": {
"text": "40.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "37.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "54.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "53.8% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -841,9 +844,6 @@
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": {
"text": "33.7 (2010 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": {
"text": "36.4 (1997)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -866,34 +866,43 @@
"text": "-5.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2017": {
"text": "95.9% of GDP (2017 est.)"
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "75.14% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2016": {
"text": "95.1% of GDP (2016 est.)"
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "78.48% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2017": {
"text": "75.38% of GDP (2017 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "15.81% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$1.222 billion (2019 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$4.03 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2018": {
"text": "-$2.964 billion (2018 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$2.506 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$773.366 million (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$16.29 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$13.864 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$15.09 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$10.444 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$16.17 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -903,11 +912,14 @@
"text": "fertilizers, calcium phosphates, packaged medicines, clothing and apparel, phosphoric acid (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$22.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$23.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$22.92 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$18.424 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$21.964 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -936,20 +948,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "0.71 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "0.709 (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.71 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.709 (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.71 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.70925 (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.71 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "0.71 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "0.71 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "0.71 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1269,7 +1281,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 66,665 (Iraq), 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 660,892 (Syria) (2022)"
"text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 660,892 (Syria) (2022); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "63 (mid-year 2021)"

138
middle-east/ku.json
View file

@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
"text": "2.24 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.09 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.09 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -339,12 +339,12 @@
"text": "2.2% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "60.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "3% (2014)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "59.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -375,13 +375,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "15.4%"
"text": "25.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "9.4%"
"text": "17.1%"
},
"female": {
"text": "30% (2016 est.)"
"text": "46.2% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -653,48 +653,51 @@
"text": "<p>Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels - more than 6% of world reserves. Kuwaiti officials plan to increase production to 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2020. Petroleum accounts for over half of GDP, 92% of export revenues, and 90% of government income.</p> <p> </p> <p>With world oil prices declining, Kuwait realized a budget deficit in 2015 for the first time more than a decade; in 2016, the deficit grew to 16.5% of GDP. Kuwaiti authorities announced cuts to fuel subsidies in August 2016, provoking outrage among the public and National Assembly, and the Amir dissolved the government for the seventh time in ten years. In 2017 the deficit was reduced to 7.2% of GDP, and the government raised $8 billion by issuing international bonds. Despite Kuwait’s dependence on oil, the government has cushioned itself against the impact of lower oil prices, by saving annually at least 10% of government revenue in the Fund for Future Generations.</p> <p> </p> <p>Kuwait has failed to diversify its economy or bolster the private sector, because of a poor business climate, a large public sector that employs about 74% of citizens, and an acrimonious relationship between the National Assembly and the executive branch that has stymied most economic reforms. The Kuwaiti Government has made little progress on its long-term economic development plan first passed in 2010. While the government planned to spend up to $104 billion over four years to diversify the economy, attract more investment, and boost private sector participation in the economy, many of the projects did not materialize because of an uncertain political situation or delays in awarding contracts. To increase non-oil revenues, the Kuwaiti Government in August 2017 approved draft bills supporting a Gulf Cooperation Council-wide value added tax scheduled to take effect in 2018.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$191.522 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$209.74 billion (2019 est.)"
"text": "$210.13 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$208.85 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$206.274 billion (2017 est.)"
"text": "$211.296 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "-3.3% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.86% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "2.2% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "-0.55% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "-1% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "2.43% (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$43,900 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$49,900 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
"text": "$47,300 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$50,500 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$50,856 (2017 est.)"
"text": "$48,900 (2018 est.)"
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$134.638 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "1.5% (2017 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.42% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
"text": "3.5% (2016 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "2.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "1.09% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -747,10 +750,10 @@
"text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-12.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.695 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "2.363 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -765,22 +768,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "1.1% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.71% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "1.1% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "3.54% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "2.17% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "15.4%"
"text": "25.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "9.4%"
"text": "17.1%"
},
"female": {
"text": "30% (2016 est.)"
"text": "46.2% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -820,19 +826,25 @@
"text": "1 April - 31 March"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "$7.127 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$34.943 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$5.056 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$22.03 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$30.255 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$72.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$77.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$85.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$47.416 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$72.833 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -842,11 +854,14 @@
"text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, aircraft, natural gas, industrial hydrocarbon products (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$59.65 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$48.954 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$68.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$44.015 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$59.654 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -856,11 +871,14 @@
"text": "cars, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, packaged medicines, jewelry (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$33.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$49.525 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$31.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$52.919 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$43.668 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -875,20 +893,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "0.302 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "0.3049 (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.306 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.3037 (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.304 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.304 (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.302 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "0.3009 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "0.2845 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "0.303 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

144
middle-east/le.json
View file

@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
"text": "1.71 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.83 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.83 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -336,12 +336,12 @@
"text": "28.9% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "51.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "51.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "1.4%"
@ -380,13 +380,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "23.3%"
"text": "29.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "24.5%"
"text": "30.8%"
},
"female": {
"text": "21.4% (2019)"
"text": "26.7% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -684,37 +684,37 @@
"text": "<p>Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and inadequate intellectual property rights protection. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism.</p> <p> </p> <p>The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily, mostly from domestic banks, which saddled the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007, following the July 2006 war. The \"CEDRE\" investment event hosted by France in April 2018 again rallied the international community to assist Lebanon with concessional financing and some grants for capital infrastructure improvements, conditioned upon long-delayed structural economic reforms in fiscal management, electricity tariffs, and transparent public procurement, among many others.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Syria conflict cut off one of Lebanon's major markets and a transport corridor through the Levant. The influx of nearly one million registered and an estimated 300,000 unregistered Syrian refugees has increased social tensions and heightened competition for low-skill jobs and public services. Lebanon continues to face several long-term structural weaknesses that predate the Syria crisis, notably, weak infrastructure, poor service delivery, institutionalized corruption, and bureaucratic over-regulation. Chronic fiscal deficits have increased Lebanon’s debt-to-GDP ratio, the third highest in the world; most of the debt is held internally by Lebanese banks. These factors combined to slow economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-17, after four years of averaging 8% growth. Weak economic growth limits tax revenues, while the largest government expenditures remain debt servicing, salaries for government workers, and transfers to the electricity sector. These limitations constrain other government spending, limiting its ability to invest in necessary infrastructure improvements, such as water, electricity, and transportation. In early 2018, the Lebanese government signed long-awaited contract agreements with an international consortium for petroleum exploration and production as part of the country’s first offshore licensing round. Exploration is expected to begin in 2019.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$72.577 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$79.51 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$78.041 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$99.76 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$106.93 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$99.288 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "1.5% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "-7% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "1.7% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-21.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "0.2% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "-7.16% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$13,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$11,600 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$13,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$14,600 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$15,600 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$17,200 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -722,14 +722,14 @@
"text": "$53.253 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "154.76% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "84.86% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "2.8% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "6% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "4.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3.01% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -782,10 +782,10 @@
"text": "banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-21.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-6.85% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.166 million (2016 est.)",
"text": "1.719 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes as many as 1 million foreign workers and refugees"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -800,19 +800,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2007": {
"text": "9.7% (2007)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "14.49% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "13.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "11.35% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "23.3%"
"text": "29.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "24.5%"
"text": "30.8%"
},
"female": {
"text": "21.4% (2019)"
"text": "26.7% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -852,25 +858,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "8.9% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$12.37 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$2.985 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$11.18 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$2.995 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$11.265 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$18.17 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$10.147 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$19.16 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$8.773 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$18.208 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -880,11 +892,14 @@
"text": "gold, jewelry, shotguns, diamonds, scrap copper (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$31.34 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$17.383 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$32.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$15.206 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$31.147 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -894,11 +909,14 @@
"text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, jewelry, gold (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$55.42 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$35.239 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$54.04 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$42.44 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$52.213 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -913,20 +931,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "1,507.5 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "1,517.5 (2020 est.)"
"text": "1,507.5 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "1,513 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,507.5 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "1,506.5 (2018 est.)"
"text": "1,507.5 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "1,507.5 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "1,507.5 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "1,507.5 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1250,7 +1268,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "479,537 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 825,081 (Syria) (2022)"
"text": "479,537 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 814,715 (Syria) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "7,000 (2020)"

147
middle-east/mu.json
View file

@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
"text": "2.7 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.32 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.3 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "29.7% (2014)"
@ -342,12 +342,12 @@
"text": "0.4% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "56.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "11.2% (2016/17)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "56.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
@ -378,13 +378,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "15.5%"
"text": "14.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "12.1%"
"text": "11.6%"
},
"female": {
"text": "31.6% (2020)"
"text": "29.6% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -658,51 +658,51 @@
"text": "<p>Oman is heavily dependent on oil and gas resources, which can generate between and 68% and 85% of government revenue, depending on fluctuations in commodity prices. In 2016, low global oil prices drove Oman’s budget deficit to $13.8 billion, or approximately 20% of GDP, but the budget deficit is estimated to have reduced to 12% of GDP in 2017 as Oman reduced government subsidies. As of January 2018, Oman has sufficient foreign assets to support its currency’s fixed exchange rates. It is issuing debt to cover its deficit.</p> <p> </p> <p>Oman is using enhanced oil recovery techniques to boost production, but it has simultaneously pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP. The key components of the government's diversification strategy are tourism, shipping and logistics, mining, manufacturing, and aquaculture.</p> <p> </p> <p>Muscat also has notably focused on creating more Omani jobs to employ the rising number of nationals entering the workforce. However, high social welfare benefits - that had increased in the wake of the 2011 Arab Spring - have made it impossible for the government to balance its budget in light of current oil prices. In response, Omani officials imposed austerity measures on its gasoline and diesel subsidies in 2016. These spending cuts have had only a moderate effect on the government’s budget, which is projected to again face a deficit of $7.8 billion in 2018.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$155.028 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$150.378 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$135.79 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$136.92 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
"text": "$135.696 billion (2017 est.)"
"text": "$155.639 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.09% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "5% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.38% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "4.7% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "-1.13% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$34,300 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$33,100 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$27,300 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$28,400 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2017": {
"text": "$29,082 (2017 est.)"
"text": "$33,800 (2019 est.)"
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$76.883 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.55% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.9% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "0.1% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "0.7% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "1.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.13% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -755,10 +755,10 @@
"text": "crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.255 million (2016 est.)",
"text": "2.259 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> about 60% of the labor force is non-national"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -773,17 +773,26 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "<p>NA</p>"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.12% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "2.94% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "1.85% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "NA"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "15.5%"
"text": "14.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "12.1%"
"text": "11.6%"
},
"female": {
"text": "31.6% (2020)"
"text": "29.6% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -824,19 +833,25 @@
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$10.76 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$4.288 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$12.32 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$12.307 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$4.02 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$43.69 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$46.324 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$46.32 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$35.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$43.584 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -846,11 +861,14 @@
"text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, iron products, fertilizers (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$32.55 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$36.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$35.37 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$34.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$32.569 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -860,11 +878,14 @@
"text": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, gold, iron (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$16.09 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$19.731 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$20.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$15.007 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$16.662 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -879,20 +900,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "0.385 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "0.38505 (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.385 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.38505 (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.385 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.385 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "0.3845 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "0.3845 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "0.385 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

135
middle-east/qa.json
View file

@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
"text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.94 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.94 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "37.5% (2012)"
@ -340,12 +340,12 @@
"text": "1.9% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "66.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "65.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
@ -376,13 +376,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "0.5%"
"text": "1.1%"
},
"male": {
"text": "0.2%"
"text": "0.9%"
},
"female": {
"text": "1.7% (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.1% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -667,37 +667,37 @@
"text": "<p>Qatar’s oil and natural gas resources are the country’s main economic engine and government revenue source, driving Qatar’s high economic growth and per capita income levels, robust state spending on public entitlements, and booming construction spending, particularly as Qatar prepares to host the World Cup in 2022. Although the government has maintained high capital spending levels for ongoing infrastructure projects, low oil and natural gas prices in recent years have led the Qatari Government to tighten some spending to help stem its budget deficit.</p> <p> </p> <p>Qatar’s reliance on oil and natural gas is likely to persist for the foreseeable future. Proved natural gas reserves exceed 25 trillion cubic meters - 13% of the world total and, among countries, third largest in the world. Proved oil reserves exceed 25 billion barrels, allowing production to continue at current levels for about 56 years. Despite the dominance of oil and natural gas, Qatar has made significant gains in strengthening non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, construction, and financial services, leading non-oil GDP to steadily rise in recent years to just over half the total.</p> <p> </p> <p>Following trade restriction imposed by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt in 2017, Qatar established new trade routes with other countries to maintain access to imports.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$249.636 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$245.66 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$245.727 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$255.01 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$253.05 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "1.6% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "1.59% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "2.1% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.64% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "3.7% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "0.77% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$92,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$85,300 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$89,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$90,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$91,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$90,800 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -705,14 +705,14 @@
"text": "$191.29 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-2.54% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "-0.6% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "0.2% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "0.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-0.67% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -765,28 +765,31 @@
"text": "liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizer, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.66% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.953 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.977 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "8.9% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "0.26% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "11.1% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "0.21% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "0.1% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "0.5%"
"text": "1.1%"
},
"male": {
"text": "0.2%"
"text": "0.9%"
},
"female": {
"text": "1.7% (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.1% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -831,22 +834,25 @@
"text": "1 April - 31 March"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "$6.426 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$26.319 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$8.27 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$2.986 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$4.26 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$105.549 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$70.93 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$70.933 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$92.05 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$102.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$92.046 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -856,14 +862,14 @@
"text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, ethylene polymers, fertilizers (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$61.204 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$59.06 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$59.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$66.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$65.81 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -873,11 +879,14 @@
"text": "aircraft, gas turbines, cars, jewelry, iron piping (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$15.01 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$42.213 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$31.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$40.973 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$39.718 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -892,20 +901,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "3.64 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "3.641 (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.64 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "3.641 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3.64 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "3.641 (2018 est.)"
"text": "3.64 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "3.64 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "3.64 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "3.64 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

137
middle-east/sa.json
View file

@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
"text": "1.92 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.94 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.92 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "27.9% (2019)"
@ -345,12 +345,12 @@
"text": "2% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "63.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "63.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "7.8% of GDP (2020) NA"
},
@ -381,13 +381,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "29.4%"
"text": "28.8%"
},
"male": {
"text": "21.6%"
"text": "22.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "51.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "47.9% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -672,37 +672,37 @@
"text": "<p>Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 16% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 87% of budget revenues, 42% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings.</p> <p> </p> <p>Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. Approximately 6 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors; at the same time, however, Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Saudi officials are particularly focused on employing its large youth population.</p> <p> </p> <p>In 2017, the Kingdom incurred a budget deficit estimated at 8.3% of GDP, which was financed by bond sales and drawing down reserves. Although the Kingdom can finance high deficits for several years by drawing down its considerable foreign assets or by borrowing, it has cut capital spending and reduced subsidies on electricity, water, and petroleum products and recently introduced a value-added tax of 5%. In January 2016, Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN announced that Saudi Arabia intends to list shares of its state-owned petroleum company, ARAMCO - another move to increase revenue and outside investment. The government has also looked at privatization and diversification of the economy more closely in the wake of a diminished oil market. Historically, Saudi Arabia has focused diversification efforts on power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemical sectors. More recently, the government has approached investors about expanding the role of the private sector in the health care, education and tourism industries. While Saudi Arabia has emphasized their goals of diversification for some time, current low oil prices may force the government to make more drastic changes ahead of their long-run timeline.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$1.594 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$1,543,240,000,000 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$1.544 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$1,609,320,000,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$1,604,010,000,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$1.611 trillion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.24% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
"text": "1.7% (2016 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-4.14% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
"text": "4.1% (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "0.33% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$44,300 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$44,300 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$42,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$47,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$47,600 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$45,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
@ -710,14 +710,14 @@
"text": "$792.849 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.06% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "3.45% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "-2% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "-4.5% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "-0.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-2.09% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -770,10 +770,10 @@
"text": "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-2.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.71% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "13.8 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "16.06 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> comprised of 3.1 million Saudis and 10.7 million non-Saudis"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -788,23 +788,26 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "6% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.36% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "5.6% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "7.45% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "5.67% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are for total population; unemployment among Saudi nationals is more than double"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "29.4%"
"text": "28.8%"
},
"male": {
"text": "21.6%"
"text": "22.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "51.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "47.9% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -843,28 +846,31 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "8.6% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "$15.23 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$44.324 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$23.87 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$22.814 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$38.23 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$286.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$184.11 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$182.848 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$285.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$314.92 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -874,14 +880,14 @@
"text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, polymers, industrial alcohols, natural gas (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$213.016 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$179.8 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$182.184 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$218.94 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$209.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$218.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -891,11 +897,14 @@
"text": "cars, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, telephones (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$496.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$473.89 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$535.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$472.851 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$514.963 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -910,20 +919,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "3.75 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "3.7514 (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.75 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "3.75 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "3.7518 (2018 est.)"
"text": "3.75 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "3.75 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "3.75 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "3.75 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

58
middle-east/sy.json
View file

@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
"text": "2.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.36 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.33 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -334,12 +334,12 @@
"text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "52.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "52.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "NA"
},
@ -367,6 +367,17 @@
"female": {
"text": "9 years (2013)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "26.2%"
},
"male": {
"text": "21.6%"
},
"female": {
"text": "51.1% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
"Environment": {
@ -653,11 +664,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2015 US dollars<br>the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2014": {
"text": "-36.5% (2014 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.87% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2013": {
"text": "-30.9% (2013 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "1.22% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "1.39% (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2015 dollars"
},
@ -722,10 +736,10 @@
"text": "petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "4.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-14.77% (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "3.767 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "6.143 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -739,11 +753,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "50% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "10.57% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "50% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "10.26% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "8.77% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "26.2%"
},
"male": {
"text": "21.6%"
},
"female": {
"text": "51.1% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -1191,7 +1219,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "568,730 (Palestinian Refugees) (2020); 12,435 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021)"
"text": "568,730 (Palestinian Refugees) (2020); 11,121 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "6.75 million (ongoing civil war since 2011) (2022)"

157
middle-east/tu.json
View file

@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
"text": "1.93 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "0.94 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.93 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "69.8% (2018)"
@ -355,12 +355,12 @@
"text": "19.2% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "65.5% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "1.5% (2018/19)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "65.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "2%"
@ -399,13 +399,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "25.1%"
"text": "24.3%"
},
"male": {
"text": "22.5%"
"text": "21.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "29.9% (2020 est.)"
"text": "29.9% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -708,52 +708,52 @@
"text": "<p>Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.</p> <p> </p> <p>Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.</p> <p> </p> <p>Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.</p> <p> </p> <p>After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth, averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.</p> <p> </p> <p>The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$2.668 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$2,393,960,000,000 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$2.396 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$2,352,640,000,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$2,331,270,000,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "$2.35 trillion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "11.35% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "1.94% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "0.98% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "3.04% (2018 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
"text": "7.54% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.78% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$31,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$28,400 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$28,500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$28,200 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$28,300 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$760.028 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "19.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "12.28% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "15.4% (2019 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
"text": "16.2% (2018 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "11.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "15.18% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -806,10 +806,10 @@
"text": "textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "9.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "12.46% (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "25.677 million (2020 est.)",
"text": "32.554 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -824,22 +824,25 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "13.68% (2019 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "13.39% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2018": {
"text": "11% (2018 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "13.11% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "13.67% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "25.1%"
"text": "24.3%"
},
"male": {
"text": "22.5%"
"text": "21.4%"
},
"female": {
"text": "29.9% (2020 est.)"
"text": "29.9% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -848,9 +851,6 @@
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
"text": "41.9 (2018 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": {
"text": "43.6 (2003)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -873,36 +873,42 @@
"text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2017": {
"text": "28.3% of GDP (2017 est.)"
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "41.97% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2016": {
"text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)"
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "34.13% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2018": {
"text": "29.41% of GDP (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "17.64% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$8.561 billion (2019 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$13.693 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2018": {
"text": "-$20.745 billion (2018 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$35.537 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$5.303 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$203.29 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$245.84 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$237.54 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -912,14 +918,14 @@
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$232.01 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$227.06 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$248.09 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -929,11 +935,14 @@
"text": "gold, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, scrap iron (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$107.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$109.535 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$93.512 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$105.62 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -948,20 +957,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "8.85 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "7.81925 (2020 est.)"
"text": "7.009 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "5.8149 (2019 est.)"
"text": "5.674 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "5.28905 (2018 est.)"
"text": "4.828 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "2.72 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "2.1885 (2013 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "3.648 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1303,7 +1312,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "3,543,837 (Syria) (2022); 46,739 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)"
"text": "10,244 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 3,535,898 (Syria) (2022); 46,739 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2021)"

125
middle-east/we.json
View file

@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
"text": "2.96 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.44 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.41 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "57.3% (2019/20)",
@ -309,14 +309,14 @@
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<p><strong>note: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the West Bank is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine</p>"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "62.3% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data includes Gaza and the West Bank"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "2.1% (2019/20)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "62.4% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data includes Gaza and the West Bank"
},
"Child marriage": {
"women married by age 15": {
"text": "0.7%"
@ -359,13 +359,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "41.7%"
"text": "39.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "37.3%"
"text": "33.7%"
},
"female": {
"text": "64.5% (2021 est.)"
"text": "69% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
}
@ -473,39 +473,39 @@
"text": "<p>In 2017, the economic outlook in the West Bank - the larger of the two areas comprising the Palestinian Territories – remained fragile, as security concerns and political friction slowed economic growth. Unemployment in the West Bank remained high at 19.0% in the third quarter of 2017, only slightly better than 19.6% at the same point the previous year, while the labor force participation rate remained flat, year-on-year.</p><p></p><p>Longstanding Israeli restrictions on imports, exports, and movement of goods and people continue to disrupt labor and trade flows and the territory’s industrial capacity, and constrain private sector development. The PA’s budget benefited from an effort to improve tax collection, coupled with lower spending in 2017, but the PA for the foreseeable future will continue to rely heavily on donor aid for its budgetary needs and infrastructure development.</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$27.779 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$25.91 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$25.95 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$29.26 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
"text": "$28.87 billion (2018 est.)"
"text": "$29.262 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in 2017 dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2014": {
"text": "5.3% (2014 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2013": {
"text": "1% (2013 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-11.32% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2012": {
"text": "6% (2012 est.)"
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "1.36% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$5,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$5,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$6,200 (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
"text": "$6,300 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in 2017 dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -513,11 +513,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
"text": "0.2% (2017 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.24% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
"text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)"
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.74% (2020 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
"text": "1.58% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
@ -561,11 +564,11 @@
"text": "small-scale manufacturing, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.2% (2017 est.)",
"text": "6.22% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.24 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "1.249 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -581,23 +584,26 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2017": {
"text": "27.9% (2017 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "24.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2016": {
"text": "27% (2016 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "25.89% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "25.34% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "41.7%"
"text": "39.6%"
},
"male": {
"text": "37.3%"
"text": "33.7%"
},
"female": {
"text": "64.5% (2021 est.)"
"text": "69% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
},
@ -608,9 +614,6 @@
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": {
"text": "33.7 (2016 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": {
"text": "38.7 (2007 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -643,25 +646,31 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "13.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "18.78% (of GDP) (2018 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$1.444 billion (2017 est.)"
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.486 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$1.348 billion (2016 est.)"
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$1.903 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "-$1.779 billion (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$2.65 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$3.18 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$2.6 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$2.385 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$2.659 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
},
@ -669,11 +678,14 @@
"text": "stone, olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$9.15 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$10.245 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$9.02 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$8.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$9.161 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data include the Gaza Strip"
},
@ -681,11 +693,14 @@
"text": "food, consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum, chemicals"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$0 (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
"text": "$872.541 million (31 December 2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": {
"text": "$583 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$697.075 million (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$658.352 million (31 December 2019 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {

78
middle-east/ym.json
View file

@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
"text": "3.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
},
"Gross reproduction rate": {
"text": "1.47 (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.42 (2023 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "33.5% (2013)"
@ -360,12 +360,12 @@
"text": "8.1% (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "60.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "39.9% (2013)"
},
"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
"text": "60.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "NA"
},
@ -385,13 +385,13 @@
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "24.5%"
"text": "25.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "23.5%"
"text": "24.3%"
},
"female": {
"text": "34.6% (2014 est.)"
"text": "36.3% (2021 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -779,31 +779,34 @@
"text": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "8.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-5.23% (2018 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "7.425 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "7.299 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"text": "<p><strong>note:</strong> most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force</p>"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2014": {
"text": "27% (2014 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "13.57% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2003": {
"text": "35% (2003 est.)"
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "13.39% (2020 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2019": {
"text": "13.06% (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
"total": {
"text": "24.5%"
"text": "25.5%"
},
"male": {
"text": "23.5%"
"text": "24.3%"
},
"female": {
"text": "34.6% (2014 est.)"
"text": "36.3% (2021 est.)"
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
@ -812,9 +815,6 @@
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": {
"text": "36.7 (2014 est.)"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1999": {
"text": "37.3 (1999 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -851,9 +851,6 @@
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2017": {
"text": "-$1.236 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2016": {
"text": "-$1.868 billion (2016 est.)"
}
@ -887,11 +884,14 @@
"text": "wheat, refined petroleum, iron, rice, cars (2019)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$245.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$946.047 million (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$592.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
"text": "$1.414 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": {
"text": "$2.334 billion (31 December 2018 est.)"
}
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -906,20 +906,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "1,035.467 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "743.006 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "486.731 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "214.89 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "275 (2017 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "214.9 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "214.9 (2015 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2014": {
"text": "228 (2014 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2013": {
"text": "214.89 (2013 est.)"
"text": "282.195 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},