From e8db46fadef793e226d291815fb27375a8fec466 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2023 14:11:53 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 2 --- africa/ag.json | 143 ++++++++++++---------- africa/ao.json | 152 ++++++++++++----------- africa/bc.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- africa/bn.json | 134 ++++++++++---------- africa/by.json | 119 ++++++++++-------- africa/cd.json | 122 ++++++++++--------- africa/cf.json | 152 ++++++++++++++--------- africa/cg.json | 133 +++++++++++--------- africa/cm.json | 147 ++++++++++++---------- africa/cn.json | 136 ++++++++++++--------- africa/ct.json | 124 +++++++++++-------- africa/cv.json | 151 ++++++++++++----------- africa/dj.json | 150 +++++++++++++---------- africa/eg.json | 144 +++++++++++----------- africa/ek.json | 126 +++++++++++-------- africa/er.json | 80 ++++++++---- africa/et.json | 163 ++++++++++++++----------- africa/ga.json | 141 ++++++++++++--------- africa/gb.json | 130 ++++++++++++-------- africa/gh.json | 144 ++++++++++++---------- africa/gv.json | 152 ++++++++++++----------- africa/iv.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- africa/ke.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- africa/li.json | 131 ++++++++++---------- africa/lt.json | 149 +++++++++++----------- africa/ly.json | 136 ++++++++++++--------- africa/ma.json | 160 ++++++++++++------------ africa/mi.json | 156 +++++++++++++----------- africa/ml.json | 144 ++++++++++++---------- africa/mo.json | 151 ++++++++++++----------- africa/mp.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- africa/mr.json | 162 ++++++++++++------------ africa/mz.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- africa/ng.json | 131 ++++++++++---------- africa/ni.json | 134 ++++++++++---------- africa/od.json | 114 ++++++++++------- africa/pu.json | 134 +++++++++++--------- africa/rw.json | 151 ++++++++++++----------- africa/se.json | 120 +++++++++--------- africa/sf.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- africa/sg.json | 119 +++++++++--------- africa/sh.json | 2 +- africa/sl.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- africa/so.json | 67 +++++----- africa/su.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- africa/to.json | 119 ++++++++++-------- africa/tp.json | 132 ++++++++++---------- africa/ts.json | 144 ++++++++++++---------- africa/tz.json | 127 ++++++++++--------- africa/ug.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ africa/uv.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- africa/wa.json | 167 +++++++++++++------------ africa/wz.json | 146 ++++++++++++---------- africa/za.json | 155 ++++++++++++----------- africa/zi.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- australia-oceania/aq.json | 20 +-- australia-oceania/as.json | 167 +++++++++++++------------ australia-oceania/bp.json | 147 ++++++++++++---------- australia-oceania/cq.json | 20 +-- australia-oceania/cw.json | 8 +- australia-oceania/fj.json | 138 +++++++++++---------- australia-oceania/fm.json | 102 ++++++++++------ australia-oceania/fp.json | 75 ++++++------ australia-oceania/gq.json | 47 +++---- australia-oceania/kr.json | 119 ++++++++++-------- australia-oceania/nc.json | 63 +++++----- australia-oceania/nh.json | 135 +++++++++++--------- australia-oceania/nr.json | 95 ++++++++------- australia-oceania/nz.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- australia-oceania/ps.json | 124 ++++++++++++------- australia-oceania/rm.json | 98 +++++++++------ australia-oceania/tl.json | 6 +- australia-oceania/tn.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- australia-oceania/tv.json | 73 ++++++----- australia-oceania/wf.json | 5 +- australia-oceania/ws.json | 139 ++++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json | 117 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json | 121 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/av.json | 8 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json | 126 ++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json | 142 +++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json | 112 ++++++++++------- central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json | 158 +++++++++++++----------- central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json | 57 ++++++--- central-america-n-caribbean/do.json | 121 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json | 158 ++++++++++++------------ central-america-n-caribbean/es.json | 155 +++++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json | 121 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json | 160 +++++++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json | 160 +++++++++++++----------- central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json | 169 +++++++++++++------------ central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json | 8 +- central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json | 73 ++++++----- central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json | 149 +++++++++++----------- central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json | 63 +++++----- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 123 +++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/st.json | 147 ++++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/td.json | 148 ++++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json | 63 ++++++---- central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json | 116 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json | 157 +++++++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json | 8 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json | 60 ++++++--- central-asia/kg.json | 181 ++++++++++++++------------- central-asia/kz.json | 161 ++++++++++++------------ central-asia/rs.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- central-asia/ti.json | 146 +++++++++++++--------- central-asia/tx.json | 73 +++++++---- central-asia/uz.json | 162 ++++++++++++------------ east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json | 131 +++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json | 142 +++++++++++---------- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 155 ++++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json | 160 ++++++++++++++---------- east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json | 142 ++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/id.json | 160 +++++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json | 163 +++++++++++++------------ east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json | 43 +++++-- east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ east-n-southeast-asia/la.json | 153 ++++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json | 152 ++++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json | 160 +++++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/my.json | 161 ++++++++++++------------ east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json | 149 +++++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json | 144 +++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- east-n-southeast-asia/th.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json | 142 ++++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json | 11 +- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 149 +++++++++++----------- europe/al.json | 167 +++++++++++++------------ europe/an.json | 50 ++++---- europe/au.json | 162 ++++++++++++------------ europe/be.json | 161 ++++++++++++------------ europe/bk.json | 164 +++++++++++++------------ europe/bo.json | 167 +++++++++++++------------ europe/bu.json | 161 ++++++++++++------------ europe/cy.json | 150 ++++++++++++----------- europe/da.json | 152 ++++++++++++----------- europe/ee.json | 114 ++++++++--------- europe/ei.json | 171 ++++++++++++++------------ europe/en.json | 163 +++++++++++++------------ europe/ez.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- europe/fi.json | 160 ++++++++++++------------ europe/fo.json | 37 +++--- europe/fr.json | 163 +++++++++++++------------ europe/gi.json | 34 +++--- europe/gk.json | 36 +++++- europe/gm.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- europe/gr.json | 163 +++++++++++++------------ europe/hr.json | 163 ++++++++++++++----------- europe/hu.json | 171 ++++++++++++++------------ europe/ic.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ europe/im.json | 43 ++++--- europe/it.json | 152 ++++++++++++----------- europe/je.json | 40 ++++-- europe/kv.json | 119 +++++++++--------- europe/lg.json | 164 +++++++++++++------------ europe/lh.json | 163 +++++++++++++------------ europe/lo.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- europe/ls.json | 8 +- europe/lu.json | 150 ++++++++++++----------- europe/md.json | 137 +++++++++++---------- europe/mj.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- europe/mk.json | 152 ++++++++++++----------- europe/mn.json | 14 +-- europe/mt.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- europe/nl.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- europe/no.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- europe/pl.json | 162 ++++++++++++------------ europe/po.json | 144 +++++++++++----------- europe/ri.json | 156 ++++++++++++------------ europe/ro.json | 153 ++++++++++++----------- europe/si.json | 146 +++++++++++----------- europe/sm.json | 90 +++++++------- europe/sp.json | 155 ++++++++++++----------- europe/sw.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ europe/sz.json | 153 ++++++++++++----------- europe/uk.json | 169 +++++++++++++------------ europe/up.json | 151 ++++++++++++----------- middle-east/ae.json | 114 +++++++++-------- middle-east/aj.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- middle-east/am.json | 176 +++++++++++++------------- middle-east/ba.json | 118 ++++++++++-------- middle-east/gg.json | 183 +++++++++++++++------------- middle-east/gz.json | 132 ++++++++++++-------- middle-east/ir.json | 108 ++++++++-------- middle-east/is.json | 142 +++++++++++---------- middle-east/iz.json | 158 +++++++++++++----------- middle-east/jo.json | 154 ++++++++++++----------- middle-east/ku.json | 138 ++++++++++++--------- middle-east/le.json | 144 ++++++++++++---------- middle-east/mu.json | 147 ++++++++++++---------- middle-east/qa.json | 135 ++++++++++---------- middle-east/sa.json | 137 +++++++++++---------- middle-east/sy.json | 58 ++++++--- middle-east/tu.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- middle-east/we.json | 125 ++++++++++--------- middle-east/ym.json | 78 ++++++------ north-america/bd.json | 93 +++++++------- north-america/ca.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ north-america/gl.json | 51 ++++---- north-america/mx.json | 148 +++++++++++----------- north-america/sb.json | 8 +- north-america/us.json | 156 ++++++++++++++---------- south-america/ar.json | 144 +++++++++++----------- south-america/bl.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- south-america/br.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ south-america/ci.json | 150 ++++++++++++----------- south-america/co.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- south-america/ec.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- south-america/fk.json | 6 +- south-america/gy.json | 151 ++++++++++++----------- south-america/ns.json | 146 ++++++++++++---------- south-america/pa.json | 141 +++++++++++---------- south-america/pe.json | 165 +++++++++++++------------ south-america/uy.json | 155 ++++++++++++----------- south-america/ve.json | 53 ++++---- south-asia/af.json | 134 ++++++++++---------- south-asia/bg.json | 144 +++++++++++----------- south-asia/bt.json | 162 ++++++++++++------------ south-asia/ce.json | 142 ++++++++++----------- south-asia/in.json | 157 +++++++++++++----------- south-asia/mv.json | 146 ++++++++++++---------- south-asia/np.json | 159 ++++++++++++------------ south-asia/pk.json | 140 +++++++++++---------- world/xx.json | 116 +++++++++++------- 231 files changed, 16032 insertions(+), 13407 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index a9ce25cb..d8977fb6 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "2.51 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.22 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.2 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "53.6% (2018/19)" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "0.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.7% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0%" @@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "39.3%" + "text": "31.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.1%" + "text": "27.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "82% (2017 est.)" + "text": "54% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -676,37 +676,37 @@ "text": "

Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy.

 

Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algeria’s foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum.

 

Declining oil prices have also reduced the government’s ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs.

 

Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review.

 

President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$487.716 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$468.4 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$471.223 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$495.56 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$491.63 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$496.547 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.5% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.1% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$11,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$10,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$11,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -714,14 +714,14 @@ "text": "$169.912 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.23% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.42% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.95% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -765,10 +765,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.36% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "10.859 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.312 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -782,22 +782,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "12.7% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "10.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "12.55% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "10.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "39.3%" + "text": "31.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.1%" + "text": "27.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "82% (2017 est.)" + "text": "54% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -843,19 +846,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$22.1 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.608 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$26.47 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$18.187 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$16.954 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$38.32 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$41.776 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$44.39 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$24.902 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$38.551 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -866,11 +875,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ammonia (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$54.26 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$44.322 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$60.05 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$42.347 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$54.259 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -880,11 +892,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$97.89 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$114.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$59.434 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -899,20 +914,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "135.064 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "131.085 (2020 est.)" + "text": "126.777 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "119.775 (2019 est.)" + "text": "119.354 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "118.4617 (2018 est.)" + "text": "116.594 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "100.691 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "80.579 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "110.973 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1249,7 +1264,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf) (2018); 6,750 (Syria) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 7,345 (Syria) (mid-year 2022)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index cdeda39f..9228261e 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "5.83 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.87 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.84 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "13.7% (2015/16)" @@ -348,12 +348,12 @@ "text": "0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "19% (2015/16)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7.9%" @@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.9%" + "text": "18.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -697,37 +697,37 @@ "text": "

Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports; Angola is an OPEC member and subject to its direction regarding oil production levels. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported.

 

Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war (1975-2002). However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them.

 

The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Lower prices for oil and diamonds also resulted in GDP falling 0.7% in 2016. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 but reinstituted it in April 2016 and maintains an overvalued exchange rate. In late 2016, Angola lost the last of its correspondent relationships with foreign banks, further exacerbating hard currency problems. Since 2013 the central bank has consistently spent down reserves to defend the kwanza, gradually allowing a 40% depreciation since late 2014. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again to above 30% from 2015-2017.

 

Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$203.868 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$203.71 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$201.65 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$212.29 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$213.62 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$213.612 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.1% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-2.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.6% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.7% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$6,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$6,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$6,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -735,14 +735,14 @@ "text": "$97.261 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "25.75% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "22.27% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "17.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "20.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "32.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.08% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -795,10 +795,10 @@ "text": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-8.34% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.51 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.462 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -812,19 +812,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.53% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.33% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "7.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.9%" + "text": "18.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -863,29 +869,32 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.09% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.254 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$8.399 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$4.834 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$871.918 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$5.137 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$33.675 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$21 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$21.004 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$35.18 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$41.39 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -895,14 +904,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, refined petroleum, ships (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$18.845 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$15.12 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$15.146 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$22.3 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$25.89 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$22.299 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -912,11 +921,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, scrap vessels, meat, rice, palm oil (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$17.29 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$14.468 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$23.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$13.782 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$16.335 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -931,20 +943,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "631.442 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "578.259 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "364.826 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "252.856 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "172.6 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "163.656 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "163.656 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "120.061 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "98.303 (2013 est.)" + "text": "165.916 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1203,10 +1215,10 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "2,852 km (2014)" + "text": "2,761 km (2022)" }, "narrow gauge": { - "text": "2,729 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge" + "text": "2,638 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge" }, "note": "123 km 0.600-mm gauge" }, diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index afe0a343..2e99d9eb 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.18 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.17 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "67.4% (2017)" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "8.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "44.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "45% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "8.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -383,13 +383,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "42%" + "text": "41.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "39.2%" + "text": "39.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "45.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -695,37 +695,37 @@ "text": "

Until the beginning of the global recession in 2008, Botswana maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since its independence in 1966. Botswana recovered from the global recession in 2010, but only grew modestly until 2017, primarily due to a downturn in the global diamond market, though water and power shortages also played a role. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world five decades ago into a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of approximately $18,100 in 2017. Botswana also ranks as one of the least corrupt and best places to do business in Sub-Saharan Africa.

 

Because of its heavy reliance on diamond exports, Botswana’s economy closely follows global price trends for that one commodity. Diamond mining fueled much of Botswana’s past economic expansion and currently accounts for one-quarter of GDP, approximately 85% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. In 2017, Diamond exports increased to the highest levels since 2013 at about 22 million carats of output, driving Botswana’s economic growth to about 4.5% and increasing foreign exchange reserves to about 45% of GDP. De Beers, a major international diamond company, signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 and moved its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone in 2013. The move was geared to support the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry.

 

Tourism is a secondary earner of foreign exchange and many Batswana engage in tourism-related services, subsistence farming, and cattle rearing. According to official government statistics, unemployment is around 20%, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens the country's impressive economic gains.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$38.415 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$37.72 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$34.493 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$40.95 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$39.75 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$37.79 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "11.37% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.73% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.03% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$16,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$17,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$17,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$15,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -733,14 +733,14 @@ "text": "$18.335 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.24% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.89% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.77% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -790,10 +790,10 @@ "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; beef processing; textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-4.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.38% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.177 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.05 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -807,22 +807,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "20% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "24.72% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2009": { - "text": "17.8% (2009 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "24.93% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "22.61% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "42%" + "text": "41.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "39.2%" + "text": "39.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "45.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -831,9 +834,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "53.3 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1993": { - "text": "63 (1993)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -856,33 +856,42 @@ "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "14% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "19.66% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "16.22% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "15.23% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "30.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.32% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$2.146 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$122.877 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$2.147 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.292 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.155 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$6.16 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$7.931 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.53 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$4.81 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$6.229 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -893,11 +902,14 @@ "text": "diamonds, insulated wiring, gold, beef, carbonates (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$7.44 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$9.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$7.31 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$7.413 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$7.696 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -907,11 +919,14 @@ "text": "diamonds, refined petroleum, cars, delivery trucks, electricity (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.802 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$7.189 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$4.941 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$6.17 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -926,20 +941,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "11.087 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "10.90512 (2020 est.)" + "text": "11.456 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "10.81081 (2019 est.)" + "text": "10.756 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "10.60446 (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.2 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "10.1263 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "8.9761 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "10.347 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index f4800f76..1482360e 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "text": "5.43 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.65 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.63 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "15.5% (2017/18)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "1.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "68.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.8% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "68.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "9.4%" @@ -410,10 +410,10 @@ "text": "3.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.2%" + "text": "3.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -719,37 +719,37 @@ "text": "

The free market economy of Benin has grown consecutively for four years, though growth slowed in 2017, as its close trade links to Nigeria expose Benin to risks from volatile commodity prices. Cotton is a key export commodity, with export earnings significantly impacted by the price of cotton in the broader market. The economy began deflating in 2017, with the consumer price index falling 0.8%.

 

During the first two years of President TALON’s administration, which began in April 2016, the government has followed an ambitious action plan to kickstart development through investments in infrastructure, education, agriculture, and governance. Electricity generation, which has constrained Benin’s economic growth, has increased and blackouts have been considerably reduced. Private foreign direct investment is small, and foreign aid accounts for a large proportion of investment in infrastructure projects.

 

Benin has appealed for international assistance to mitigate piracy against commercial shipping in its territory, and has used equipment from donors effectively against such piracy. Pilferage has significantly dropped at the Port of Cotonou, though the port is still struggling with effective implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. Projects included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) first compact (2006-11) were designed to increase investment and private sector activity by improving key institutional and physical infrastructure. The four projects focused on access to land, access to financial services, access to justice, and access to markets (including modernization of the port). The Port of Cotonou is a major contributor to Benin’s economy, with revenues projected to account for more than 40% of Benin’s national budget.

 

Benin will need further efforts to upgrade infrastructure, stem corruption, and expand access to foreign markets to achieve its potential. In September 2015, Benin signed a second MCC Compact for $375 million that entered into force in June 2017 and is designed to strengthen the national utility service provider, attract private sector investment, fund infrastructure investments in electricity generation and distribution, and develop off-grid electrification for poor and unserved households. As part of the Government of Benin’s action plan to spur growth, Benin passed public private partnership legislation in 2017 to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, encourage new information and communication technology, and establish Independent Power Producers. In April 2017, the IMF approved a three year $150.4 million Extended Credit Facility agreement to maintain debt sustainability and boost donor confidence.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$43.17 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$40.29 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$40.287 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$38.79 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.3 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$38.794 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.16% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.85% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.87% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$3,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -757,14 +757,14 @@ "text": "$10.315 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.73% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.02% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.71% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -817,14 +817,20 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.12% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.662 million (2007 est.)" + "text": "5.295 million (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "1% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.57% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.58% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { @@ -832,18 +838,18 @@ "text": "3.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.2%" + "text": "3.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "38.5% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "47.8 (2015 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "37.8 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -880,19 +886,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.024 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$273.967 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$808 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$575.593 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$648.825 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$3.506 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$3.58 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$3.585 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$3.85 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.848 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -903,14 +915,14 @@ "text": "cotton, refined petroleum, gold, cashews, copper (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.942 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.31 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.307 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.67 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$5.035 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$4.669 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -939,20 +951,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.608 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "574.295 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.951 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index dd15c65d..201455fe 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "5.03 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.48 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.45 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "28.5% (2016/17)" @@ -362,12 +362,12 @@ "text": "6.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "27% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2.8%" @@ -409,13 +409,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "2.9%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.4%" + "text": "4.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -714,37 +714,37 @@ "text": "

Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for more than half of foreign exchange earnings, but these earnings are subject to fluctuations in weather and international coffee and tea prices, Burundi is heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors, as well as foreign exchange earnings from participation in the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Foreign aid represented 48% of Burundi's national income in 2015, one of the highest percentages in Sub-Saharan Africa, but this figure decreased to 33.5% in 2016 due to political turmoil surrounding President NKURUNZIZA’s bid for a third term. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009.

 

Burundi faces several underlying weaknesses – low governmental capacity, corruption, a high poverty rate, poor educational levels, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, and overburdened utilities – that have prevented the implementation of planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept pace with inflation, which reached approximately 18% in 2017.

 

Real GDP growth dropped precipitously following political events in 2015 and has yet to recover to pre-conflict levels. Continued resistance by donors and the international community will restrict Burundi’s economic growth as the country deals with a large current account deficit.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$8.849 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$8.69 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$8.693 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$8.67 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$8.51 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$8.665 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.33% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -752,14 +752,14 @@ "text": "$3.027 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "8.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "7.32% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "-2.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "15.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ "text": "light consumer goods (sugar, shoes, soap, beer); cement, assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing (fruits)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.012 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.271 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -817,17 +817,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.79% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.71% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.59% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "2.9%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.4%" + "text": "4.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -872,19 +881,22 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$362.645 million (2018 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$418 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "-$373.389 million (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$411 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "-$339.695 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$283 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$285.105 million (2018 est.)" }, "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$315 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$270.686 million (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -896,7 +908,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$927 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$905.294 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2017": { "text": "$1.295 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -909,11 +921,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, cement, raw sugar, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$97.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$266.164 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$95.17 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$90.319 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$111.374 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -928,20 +943,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1,975.951 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1,945 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1,915.046 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1,876.25 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1,845.623 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1,800.495 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1,782.877 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,571.9 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1,546.7 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1,729.055 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 2ab746ea..016b1108 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "5.46 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.68 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.62 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "8.1% (2019)" @@ -365,12 +365,12 @@ "text": "2.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "71.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "29.2% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "70.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "24.2%" @@ -412,13 +412,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.5%" - }, - "male": { "text": "2.4%" }, + "male": { + "text": "3.3%" + }, "female": { - "text": "0.7% (2018)" + "text": "1.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -733,52 +733,52 @@ "text": "

Chad’s landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad’s economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes less than one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking.

 

Nearly all of Chad’s fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales.

 

Although high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in the past, low oil prices now stress Chad’s fiscal position and have resulted in significant government cutbacks. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most of its public and private sector investment. Investment in Chad is difficult due to its limited infrastructure, lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015.

 

In 2018, economic policy will be driven by efforts that started in 2016 to reverse the recession and to repair damage to public finances and exports. The government is implementing an emergency action plan to counterbalance the drop in oil revenue and to diversify the economy. Chad’s national development plan (NDP) cost just over $9 billion with a financing gap of $6.7 billion. The NDP emphasized the importance of private sector participation in Chad’s development, as well as the need to improve the business environment, particularly in priority sectors such as mining and agriculture.

 

The Government of Chad reached a deal with Glencore and four other banks on the restructuring of a $1.45 billion oil-backed loan in February 2018, after a long negotiation. The new terms include an extension of the maturity to 2030 from 2022, a two-year grace period on principal repayments, and a lower interest rate of the London Inter-bank Offer Rate (Libor) plus 2% - down from Libor plus 7.5%. The original Glencore loan was to be repaid with crude oil assets, however, Chad's oil sales were hit by the downturn in the price of oil. Chad had secured a $312 million credit from the IMF in June 2017, but release of those funds hinged on restructuring the Glencore debt. Chad had already cut public spending to try to meet the terms of the IMF program, but that prompted strikes and protests in a country where nearly 40% of the population lives below the poverty line. Multinational partners, such as the African Development Bank, the EU, and the World Bank are likely to continue budget support in 2018, but Chad will remain at high debt risk, given its dependence on oil revenue and pressure to spend on subsidies and security.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$24.49 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$24.97 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$24.787 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$25.19 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$24.4 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-1.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-6.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.6% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.25% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,600 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,600 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$10.912 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "-0.77% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "4.46% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.97% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -819,10 +819,10 @@ "text": "oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.654 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.246 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -833,25 +833,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.88% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.74% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.12% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.5%" - }, - "male": { "text": "2.4%" }, + "male": { + "text": "3.3%" + }, "female": { - "text": "0.7% (2018)" + "text": "1.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "42.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "43.3 (2011 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "37.5 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -925,11 +934,14 @@ "text": "delivery trucks, paints, packaged medicines, aircraft, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$310.032 million (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$20.92 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$147.75 million (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$8.575 million (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -944,20 +956,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1258,7 +1270,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "400,986 (Sudan), 124,538 (Central African Republic), 29,990 (Cameroon), 20,388 (Nigeria) (2022)" + "text": "400,986 (Sudan), 124,529 (Central African Republic), 29,990 (Cameroon), 20,461 (Nigeria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "381,289 (majority are in the east) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 702ef1cb..d1772057 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ "text": "4.36 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.15 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.13 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "30.1% (2014/15)" @@ -368,12 +368,12 @@ "text": "2.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "12.3% (2014/15)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "8.4%" @@ -412,6 +412,17 @@ "female": { "text": "11 years (2012)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "42.3%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "42.2%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "42.5% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -726,37 +737,37 @@ "text": "

The Republic of the Congo’s economy is a mixture of subsistence farming, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Natural gas is increasingly being converted to electricity rather than being flared, greatly improving energy prospects. New mining projects, particularly iron ore, which entered production in late 2013, may add as much as $1 billion to annual government revenue. The Republic of the Congo is a member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) and shares a common currency – the Central African Franc – with five other member states in the region.

 

The current administration faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The drop in oil prices that began in 2014 has constrained government spending; lower oil prices forced the government to cut more than $1 billion in planned spending. The fiscal deficit amounted to 11% of GDP in 2017. The government’s inability to pay civil servant salaries has resulted in multiple rounds of strikes by many groups, including doctors, nurses, and teachers. In the wake of a multi-year recession, the country reached out to the IMF in 2017 for a new program; the IMF noted that the country’s continued dependence on oil, unsustainable debt, and significant governance weakness are key impediments to the country’s economy. In 2018, the country’s external debt level will approach 120% of GDP. The IMF urged the government to renegotiate debts levels to sustainable levels before it agreed to a new macroeconomic adjustment package.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$18.875 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$19.03 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$19.3 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$20.68 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$20.63 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$20.584 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-2.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-2.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.24% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.09% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$3,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -764,14 +775,14 @@ "text": "$8.718 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.72% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.21% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -824,10 +835,10 @@ "text": "petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-7.91% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.055 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "2.268 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -841,8 +852,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "36% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "23.01% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "22.84% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "20.62% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "42.3%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "42.2%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "42.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -881,25 +909,28 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.95% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.128 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$1.441 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.632 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$5.735 billion (2016 est.)" + "text": "-$3.596 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$4.193 billion (2017 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$4.67 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$4.116 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$7.855 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -910,11 +941,11 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, copper, lumber, ships, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$2.501 billion (2017 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.279 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$5.639 billion (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$4.945 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -924,11 +955,14 @@ "text": "ships, chicken products, refined petroleum, processed fish, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$505.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$988.316 million (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$727.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$423.617 million (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$379.984 million (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -943,20 +977,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "579.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 001fabac..38702f98 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ "text": "5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.77 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.74 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "28.1% (2017/18)" @@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ "text": "2.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "23.1% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0%" @@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "10.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "12%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -752,38 +752,38 @@ "text": "

The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - continues to perform poorly. Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with countrywide instability and intermittent conflict that began in the early-90s, has reduced national output and government revenue, and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms. Progress on implementing substantive economic reforms remains slow because of political instability, bureaucratic inefficiency, corruption, and patronage, which also dampen international investment prospects.

 

Renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most export income, boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth until 2015, but low commodity prices have led to slower growth, volatile inflation, currency depreciation, and a growing fiscal deficit. An uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy are long-term problems for the large mining sector and for the economy as a whole. Much economic activity still occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data.

 

Poverty remains widespread in DRC, and the country failed to meet any Millennium Development Goals by 2015. DRC also concluded its program with the IMF in 2015. The price of copper – the DRC’s primary export - plummeted in 2015 and remained at record lows during 2016-17, reducing government revenues, expenditures, and foreign exchange reserves, while inflation reached nearly 50% in mid-2017 – its highest level since the early 2000s.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$102.956 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$96.03 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$96.945 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$95.29 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$91.29 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$95.292 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.74% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.38% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$1,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,100 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -844,10 +844,10 @@ "text": "mining (copper, cobalt, gold, diamonds, coltan, zinc, tin, tungsten), mineral processing, consumer products (textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes), metal products, processed foods and beverages, timber, cement, commercial ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.78% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "20.692 million (2012 est.)" + "text": "33.382 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -861,17 +861,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.43% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.27% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.45% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "10.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "12%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -916,22 +925,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$200 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$587.407 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.215 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.052 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.693 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$22.354 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$13.93 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13.932 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$15.17 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$16.08 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$15.173 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -942,14 +954,14 @@ "text": "copper, cobalt, crude petroleum, diamonds (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$22.193 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$14.56 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$14.557 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$16.89 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$17.77 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$16.892 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -959,11 +971,14 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, refined petroleum, sulfuric acid, stone processing machines, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$457.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$3.467 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$708.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$747.655 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.194 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -978,20 +993,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Congolese francs (CDF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1,989.391 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1,851.122 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1,647.76 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1,622.524 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1,546.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1,010.3 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1,010.3 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "925.99 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "925.23 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1,464.418 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index a3363480..f5388d16 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ "text": "4.55 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.24 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.22 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "19.3% (2018)" @@ -373,12 +373,12 @@ "text": "1.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "10.7%" @@ -420,13 +420,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.3%" + "text": "6.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "5.8%" + "text": "6%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -750,37 +750,37 @@ "text": "

Cameroon’s market-based, diversified economy features oil and gas, timber, aluminum, agriculture, mining and the service sector. Oil remains Cameroon’s main export commodity, and despite falling global oil prices, still accounts for nearly 40% of exports. Cameroon’s economy suffers from factors that often impact underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, continuing inefficiencies of a large parastatal system in key sectors, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise.

 

Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF continues to press for economic reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. The Government of Cameroon provides subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel that have strained the federal budget and diverted funds from education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects, as low oil prices have led to lower revenues.

 

Cameroon devotes significant resources to several large infrastructure projects currently under construction, including a deep seaport in Kribi and the Lom Pangar Hydropower Project. Cameroon’s energy sector continues to diversify, recently opening a natural gas-powered electricity generating plant. Cameroon continues to seek foreign investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, create jobs, and improve its economic footprint, but its unfavorable business environment remains a significant deterrent to foreign investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$100.648 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$94.94 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$97.103 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$94.25 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$90.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$96.852 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.65% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.26% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.48% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$3,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -788,14 +788,14 @@ "text": "$34.99 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.27% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.44% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -848,10 +848,10 @@ "text": "petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.22% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "9.912 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.81 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -865,22 +865,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.87% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2001": { - "text": "30% (2001 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.84% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.64% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.3%" + "text": "6.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "5.8%" + "text": "6%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -919,25 +922,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.87% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$932 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.795 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.034 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.512 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.695 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$7.73 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$7.449 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.3 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$6.124 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$7.731 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -948,11 +957,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cocoa beans, lumber, gold, natural gas, bananas (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.09 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$9.027 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$8.42 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$7.212 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$9.085 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -962,8 +974,11 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, scrap vessels, rice, special purpose ships, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$3.459 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.235 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "text": "$3.197 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { "text": "$2.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" @@ -981,20 +996,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index ff703c2e..24635a58 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "2.78 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.37 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "19.4% (2012)" @@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ "text": "11.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.9% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, @@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "21.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.8% (2014)" + "text": "21.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -627,37 +627,37 @@ "text": "

One of the world's poorest and smallest economies, the Comoros is made up of three islands that are hampered by inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, accounts for about 50% of GDP, employs a majority of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. Export income is heavily reliant on the three main crops of vanilla, cloves, and ylang ylang (perfume essence); and the Comoros' export earnings are easily disrupted by disasters such as fires and extreme weather. Despite agriculture’s importance to the economy, the country imports roughly 70% of its food; rice, the main staple, and other dried vegetables account for more than 25% of imports. Remittances from about 300,000 Comorans contribute about 25% of the country’s GDP. France, Comoros’s colonial power, remains a key trading partner and bilateral donor.

 

Comoros faces an education system in need of upgrades, limited opportunities for private commercial and industrial enterprises, poor health services, limited exports, and a high population growth rate. Recurring political instability, sometimes initiated from outside the country, and an ongoing electricity crisis have inhibited growth. The government, elected in mid-2016, has moved to improve revenue mobilization, reduce expenditures, and improve electricity access, although the public sector wage bill remains one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. In mid-2017, Comoros joined the Southern African Development Community with 15 other regional member states.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.653 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2.73 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.598 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.6 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.55 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.603 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.11% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.2% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$3,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -710,10 +710,10 @@ "text": "fishing, tourism, perfume distillation" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.25% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "278,500 (2016 est.)" + "text": "219,900 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -727,19 +727,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "6.5% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.45% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.22% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.08% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "21.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.8% (2014)" + "text": "21.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -784,19 +790,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$27 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$6.145 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$45 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$22.048 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$39.814 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$140 million (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$139.575 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$150 million (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$68.937 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$142.21 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -807,11 +819,14 @@ "text": "cloves, essential oils, vacuum flask, vanilla, scrap vessels (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$350 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$407 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$360 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$344 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$353 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -821,11 +836,14 @@ "text": "rice, chicken products, refined petroleum, cement, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$208 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$329,671,800 (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$159.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$294,339,900 (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$202,031,700 (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -840,20 +858,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "415.956 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "430.721 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "439.463 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "416.585 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "458.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "444.76 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "444.76 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "443.6 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "370.81 (2013 est.)" + "text": "435.493 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 83f22290..6c165db3 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "4.04 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.99 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "17.8% (2019)" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "64.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "20.5% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "64.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "25.8%" @@ -391,6 +391,17 @@ "female": { "text": "6 years (2012)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "11.8%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "10.6%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "13.1% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -716,40 +727,40 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "0.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.9% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$900 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$900 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.937 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.26% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.71% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -790,25 +801,39 @@ "text": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.24% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.242 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.015 million (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.57% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.36% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.62% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "11.8%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "10.6%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "13.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "62% (2008 est.) NA" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": { - "text": "43.6 (2003 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1993": { - "text": "61.3 (1993)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { + "text": "56.2 (2008 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -839,7 +864,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.71% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" @@ -882,11 +907,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, natural gas, broadcasting equipment, second-hand clothing (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$304.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$350.305 million (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$252.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$361.797 million (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$362.717 million (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -901,20 +929,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 48976f66..36d102be 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "text": "2.13 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.05 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.04 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "55.8% (2018)" @@ -330,12 +330,12 @@ "text": "5.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "46.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "46.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -366,13 +366,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "50.4%" + "text": "34.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "41.4%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "65.3% (2019)" + "text": "40.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -650,37 +650,37 @@ "text": "

Cabo Verde’s economy depends on development aid, foreign investment, remittances, and tourism. The economy is service-oriented with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. Tourism is the mainstay of the economy and depends on conditions in the euro-zone countries. Cabo Verde annually runs a high trade deficit financed by foreign aid and remittances from its large pool of emigrants; remittances as a share of GDP are one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa.

 

Although about 40% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. The island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages, exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and poor soil for growing food on several of the islands, requiring it to import most of what it consumes. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited.

 

Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy and mitigate high unemployment. The government’s elevated debt levels have limited its capacity to finance any shortfalls.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.595 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$3.36 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.361 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3.94 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3.73 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.944 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.95% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-14.78% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.67% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$6,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$6,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$6,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -688,14 +688,14 @@ "text": "$1.971 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.86% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.61% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -745,28 +745,31 @@ "text": "food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.76% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "196,100 (2007 est.)" + "text": "234,300 (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "15.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "15.31% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "12.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "50.4%" + "text": "34.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "41.4%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "65.3% (2019)" + "text": "40.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -805,28 +808,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.09% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$109 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$256.181 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$40 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$284.109 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$6.477 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$459.923 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$420 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$415.242 million (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$960 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.006 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -837,14 +843,14 @@ "text": "processed and frozen fish, mollusks, clothing, scrap iron (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.117 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.02 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.008 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.29 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.34 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.287 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -854,11 +860,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, delivery trucks, coal tar oil, cars, rice (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$617.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$769.65 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$572.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$735.085 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$737.991 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -873,20 +882,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cabo Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "93.218 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "96.796 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "98.495 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "93.414 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "101.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "99.688 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "99.688 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "99.426 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "83.114 (2013 est.)" + "text": "97.807 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 4a47e839..28eff2c4 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "2.15 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.06 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.05 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "19% (2012)" @@ -341,12 +341,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "50.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "29.9% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "50.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, @@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "73%" + "text": "79.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "72%" + "text": "78.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "74.6% (2017)" + "text": "82.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -671,37 +671,37 @@ "text": "

Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location as a deepwater port on the Red Sea. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall and less than 4% arable land limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported.

 

Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and reexports represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Reexports consist primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An official unemployment rate of nearly 40% - with youth unemployment near 80% - continues to be a major problem. Inflation was a modest 3% in 2014-2017, due to low international food prices and a decline in electricity tariffs.

 

Djibouti’s reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food and water leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks, though in mid-2015 Djibouti passed new legislation to liberalize the energy sector. The government has emphasized infrastructure development for transportation and energy and Djibouti – with the help of foreign partners, particularly China – has begun to increase and modernize its port capacity. In 2017, Djibouti opened two of the largest projects in its history, the Doraleh Port and Djibouti-Addis Ababa Railway, funded by China as part of the \"Belt and Road Initiative,\" which will increase the country’s ability to capitalize on its strategic location.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$5.432 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$5.42 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5.182 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5.39 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$5 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5.121 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.81% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.55% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$5,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -709,11 +709,14 @@ "text": "$3.323 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.78% (2020 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "2.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "3.32% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "0.15% (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -754,10 +757,10 @@ "text": "construction, agricultural processing, shipping" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-4.43% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "294,600 (2012)" + "text": "240,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -771,22 +774,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "40% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "28.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "60% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "28.39% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "26.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "73%" + "text": "79.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "72%" + "text": "78.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "74.6% (2017)" + "text": "82.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -831,19 +837,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$280 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$225.106 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$178 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$366.358 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$563.976 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.15 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$5.16 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$3.695 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$5.15 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -853,11 +865,14 @@ "text": "various animals, chlorides, dried legumes, industrial fatty acids/oils, coffee, chickpeas (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.76 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$5.483 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.19 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.425 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$4.764 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -867,11 +882,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron sheeting, cars, palm oil (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$547.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$588.418 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$398.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$686.339 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$501.858 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -886,20 +904,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "177.721 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "177.721 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "177.721 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "177.721 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "177.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "177.72 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "177.72 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "177.72 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "177.72 (2013 est.)" + "text": "177.721 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1215,7 +1233,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "5,972 (Yemen) (mid-year 2021); 14,227 (Somalia) (2021)" + "text": "14,152 (Somalia), 6,518 (Yemen) (mid-year 2022)" } } } diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index a2766821..fe0eb092 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ "text": "2.88 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.39 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.34 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "58.5% (2014)" @@ -373,12 +373,12 @@ "text": "0.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "71.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "7% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "71.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -409,13 +409,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.5%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "43.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "59.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -725,37 +725,37 @@ "text": "

Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Agriculture, hydrocarbons, manufacturing, tourism, and other service sectors drove the country’s relatively diverse economic activity.

 

Despite Egypt’s mixed record for attracting foreign investment over the past two decades, poor living conditions and limited job opportunities have contributed to public discontent. These socioeconomic pressures were a major factor leading to the January 2011 revolution that ousted MUBARAK. The uncertain political, security, and policy environment since 2011 has restricted economic growth and failed to alleviate persistent unemployment, especially among the young.

 

In late 2016, persistent dollar shortages and waning aid from its Gulf allies led Cairo to turn to the IMF for a 3-year, $12 billion loan program. To secure the deal, Cairo floated its currency, introduced new taxes, and cut energy subsidies - all of which pushed inflation above 30% for most of 2017, a high that had not been seen in a generation. Since the currency float, foreign investment in Egypt’s high interest treasury bills has risen exponentially, boosting both dollar availability and central bank reserves. Cairo will be challenged to obtain foreign and local investment in manufacturing and other sectors without a sustained effort to implement a range of business reforms.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.264 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,223,040,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.223 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,180,890,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,118,720,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.181 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.33% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.57% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.56% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$11,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$11,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$11,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -763,14 +763,14 @@ "text": "$323.763 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.21% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.04% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "9.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "14.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "29.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.15% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -823,10 +823,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-1.09% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "24.113 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "30.179 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -840,22 +840,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "7.86% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.33% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "12.7% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.17% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "7.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.5%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "43.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "59.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -864,9 +867,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "31.5 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "29.8 (2012)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -904,22 +904,25 @@ "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$8.915 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$18.611 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$7.682 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$14.236 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$10.222 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$58.339 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$40.1 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$40.102 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$53.52 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$51.62 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$53.523 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -929,14 +932,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, natural gas, fertilizers (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$94.039 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$72.48 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$72.482 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$78.95 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$76.33 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$78.951 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -946,11 +949,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, wheat, crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$35.89 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$39.824 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$23.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$38.973 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$44.569 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -965,20 +971,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "15.645 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "15.69 (2020 est.)" + "text": "15.759 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "16.14 (2019 est.)" + "text": "16.771 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "17.90999 (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.767 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "7.7133 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "7.08 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "17.783 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1326,7 +1332,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 145,157 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "70,021 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 145,157 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "7 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index d2655e65..ec069b67 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.06 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -337,12 +337,12 @@ "text": "0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "5.6% (2011)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -359,6 +359,17 @@ "female": { "text": "93% (2015)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "18.3%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "17.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "19.9% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -640,37 +651,37 @@ "text": "

Exploitation of oil and gas deposits, beginning in the 1990s, has driven economic growth in Equatorial Guinea; a recent rebasing of GDP resulted in an upward revision of the size of the economy by approximately 30%. Forestry and farming are minor components of GDP. Although preindependence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy since independence has diminished the potential for agriculture-led growth. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Declining revenue from hydrocarbon production, high levels of infrastructure expenditures, lack of economic diversification, and corruption have pushed the economy into decline in recent years and limited improvements in the general population’s living conditions. Equatorial Guinea’s real GDP growth has been weak in recent years, averaging -0.5% per year from 2010 to 2014, because of a declining hydrocarbon sector. Inflation remained very low in 2016, down from an average of 4% in 2014.

 

As a middle income country, Equatorial Guinea is now ineligible for most low-income World Bank and the IMF funding. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues and has attempted to address this issue by working toward compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. US foreign assistance to Equatorial Guinea is limited in part because of US restrictions pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.

 

Equatorial Guinea hosted two economic diversification symposia in 2014 that focused on attracting investment in five sectors: agriculture and animal ranching, fishing, mining and petrochemicals, tourism, and financial services. Undeveloped mineral resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. In 2017 Equatorial Guinea signed a preliminary agreement with Ghana to sell liquefied natural gas (LNG); as oil production wanes, the government believes LNG could provide a boost to revenues, but it will require large investments and long lead times to develop.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$23.924 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$23.86 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$24.152 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$25.09 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$26.68 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$25.222 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-0.95% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-8.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.24% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-9.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-5.48% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$17,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$15,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$18,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$20,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$16,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -678,14 +689,14 @@ "text": "$10.634 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "4.77% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.24% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.35% (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -726,17 +737,31 @@ "text": "petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-6.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-6.46% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "195,200 (2007 est.)" + "text": "549,800 (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "8.6% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2009": { - "text": "22.3% (2009 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.9% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.68% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "18.3%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "17.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "19.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -770,7 +795,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.85% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" @@ -818,11 +843,14 @@ "text": "gas turbines, beer, ships, industrial machinery, excavation machinery (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$45.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$40.817 million (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$62.31 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$48.93 million (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$45.503 million (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -837,20 +865,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index d2956bed..661cb5f0 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "text": "3.58 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.76 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.73 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "0.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -378,6 +378,17 @@ "female": { "text": "7 years (2015)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "14.6%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "13.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "16.4% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -741,7 +752,7 @@ "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.71 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.675 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -752,11 +763,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "10% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.86% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.99% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "14.6%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "13.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "16.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -832,11 +857,14 @@ "text": "machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$236.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$191,694,400 (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$218.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$163,033,700 (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$143,412,400 (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -851,20 +879,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "nakfa (ERN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "15.075 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "15.075 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "15.075 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "15.075 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "15.38 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "15.375 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "15.375 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "15.375 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "15.375 (2013 est.)" + "text": "15.075 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 48e56d82..46d67eac 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "3.99 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.93 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "37.7% (2020)" @@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ "text": "1.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "67.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "21.1% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "67.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "14.1%" @@ -422,13 +422,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.5%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.7%" + "text": "4.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -761,52 +761,52 @@ "text": "

Ethiopia - the second most populous country in Africa - is a one-party state with a planned economy. For more than a decade before 2016, GDP grew at a rate between 8% and 11% annually – one of the fastest growing states among the 188 IMF member countries. This growth was driven by government investment in infrastructure, as well as sustained progress in the agricultural and service sectors. More than 70% of Ethiopia’s population is still employed in the agricultural sector, but services have surpassed agriculture as the principal source of GDP.

 

Ethiopia has the lowest level of income-inequality in Africa and one of the lowest in the world, with a Gini coefficient comparable to that of the Scandinavian countries. Yet despite progress toward eliminating extreme poverty, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world, due both to rapid population growth and a low starting base. Changes in rainfall associated with world-wide weather patterns resulted in the worst drought in 30 years in 2015-16, creating food insecurity for millions of Ethiopians.

 

The state is heavily engaged in the economy. Ongoing infrastructure projects include power production and distribution, roads, rails, airports and industrial parks. Key sectors are state-owned, including telecommunications, banking and insurance, and power distribution. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to tenants. Title rights in urban areas, particularly Addis Ababa, are poorly regulated, and subject to corruption.

 

Ethiopia’s foreign exchange earnings are led by the services sector - primarily the state-run Ethiopian Airlines - followed by exports of several commodities. While coffee remains the largest foreign exchange earner, Ethiopia is diversifying exports, and commodities such as gold, sesame, khat, livestock and horticulture products are becoming increasingly important. Manufacturing represented less than 8% of total exports in 2016, but manufacturing exports should increase in future years due to a growing international presence.

 

The banking, insurance, telecommunications, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted roughly $8.5 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), mostly from China, Turkey, India and the EU; US FDI is $567 million. Investment has been primarily in infrastructure, construction, agriculture/horticulture, agricultural processing, textiles, leather and leather products.

 

To support industrialization in sectors where Ethiopia has a comparative advantage, such as textiles and garments, leather goods, and processed agricultural products, Ethiopia plans to increase installed power generation capacity by 8,320 MW, up from a capacity of 2,000 MW, by building three more major dams and expanding to other sources of renewable energy. In 2017, the government devalued the birr by 15% to increase exports and alleviate a chronic foreign currency shortage in the country.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$278.945 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$264.05 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$264.059 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$248.97 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$229.76 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$248.972 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "10.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.64% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "6.06% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "10.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "8.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$92.154 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "26.84% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "20.36% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "15.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "13.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -859,10 +859,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.26% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "52.82 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "56.664 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -876,22 +876,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "17.5% (2012 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.69% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2011": { - "text": "18% (2011 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.24% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.5%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.7%" + "text": "4.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -900,9 +903,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "35 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2000": { - "text": "30 (2000)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -925,33 +925,42 @@ "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "54.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "31.45% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "32.53% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "30.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.2% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "8 July - 7 July" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$6.551 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.507 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$6.574 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.719 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$5.025 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.62 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$9.496 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$2.814 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$7.715 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$7.588 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -961,11 +970,14 @@ "text": "coffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, zinc (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$19.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$20.859 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$14.69 billion (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$17.17 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$19.227 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -975,11 +987,14 @@ "text": "aircraft, gas turbines, packaged medicines, electric filament, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.013 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.046 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.022 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.993 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$3.987 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -994,20 +1009,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "birr (ETB) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "43.734 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "34.927 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "29.07 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "27.429 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "25 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "21.732 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "21.732 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "21.55 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "19.8 (2013 est.)" + "text": "23.866 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 1bdc9d84..88ef448b 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "3.79 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.87 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.8 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "18.9% (2019/20)" @@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ "text": "0.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.6% (2019/20)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7.5%" @@ -406,13 +406,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.1%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -707,37 +707,37 @@ "text": "

The government has invested in the agriculture sector because three-quarters of the population depends on the sector for its livelihood and agriculture provides for about one-third of GDP, making The Gambia largely reliant on sufficient rainfall. The agricultural sector has untapped potential - less than half of arable land is cultivated and agricultural productivity is low. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of cashews, groundnuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's reexport trade accounts for almost 80% of goods exports and China has been its largest trade partner for both exports and imports for several years.

 

The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits. It relies heavily on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. Remittance inflows to The Gambia amount to about one-fifth of the country’s GDP. The Gambia's location on the ocean and proximity to Europe has made it one of the most frequented tourist destinations in West Africa, boosted by private sector investments in eco-tourism and facilities. Tourism normally brings in about 20% of GDP, but it suffered in 2014 from tourists’ fears of Ebola virus in neighboring West African countries. Unemployment and underemployment remain high.

 

Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. International donors and lenders were concerned about the quality of fiscal management under the administration of former President Yahya JAMMEH, who reportedly stole hundreds of millions of dollars of the country’s funds during his 22 years in power, but anticipate significant improvements under the new administration of President Adama BARROW, who assumed power in early 2017. As of April 2017, the IMF, the World Bank, the European Union, and the African Development Bank were all negotiating with the new government of The Gambia to provide financial support in the coming months to ease the country’s financial crisis.

 

The country faces a limited availability of foreign exchange, weak agricultural output, a border closure with Senegal, a slowdown in tourism, high inflation, a large fiscal deficit, and a high domestic debt burden that has crowded out private sector investment and driven interest rates to new highs. The government has committed to taking steps to reduce the deficit, including through expenditure caps, debt consolidation, and reform of state-owned enterprises.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$5.482 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$5.22 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5.258 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5.22 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4.92 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5.227 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.27% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.59% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -745,14 +745,14 @@ "text": "$1.746 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.37% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.93% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "7.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.12% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -793,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "peanuts, fish, hides, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "777,100 (2007 est.)" + "text": "856,100 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -810,17 +810,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "11.21% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "11.08% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "9.5% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.1%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -865,19 +874,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$194 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$94.081 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$85 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$86.553 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$37.078 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$448 million (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$135.448 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$435 million (2017 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$175.682 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$360.208 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -887,11 +902,14 @@ "text": "lumber, cashews, refined petroleum, fish oil, ground nut oil (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$851 million (2018 est.)" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$726 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$754 million (2017 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$691 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$641 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -901,11 +919,14 @@ "text": "clothing and apparel, refined petroleum, rice, raw sugar, palm oil (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$170 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$652.671 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$87.64 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$387.046 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$256.957 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -920,20 +941,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "51.484 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "51.75 (2020 est.)" + "text": "51.502 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "51.4 (2019 est.)" + "text": "50.062 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "49.515 (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.152 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "41.89 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "41.733 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "46.609 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index dabb8215..c013ed83 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "3.31 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.63 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.61 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "31.1% (2012)" @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ "text": "0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "50% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "6.4% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "49.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -373,6 +373,17 @@ "female": { "text": "83.4% (2018)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "38.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "33.7%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "44.4% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -559,10 +570,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Ali BONGO Ondimba (since 16 October 2009)" + "text": "President Ali BONGO Ondimba (since 16 October 2009)

Vice President Rose Christiane Ossouka RAPONDA (since 9 January 2023)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Rose Christiane Ossouka RAPONDA (since 16 July 2020)" + "text": "Prime Minister Alain Claude BILIE-BY-NZE (since 9 January 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president" @@ -669,37 +680,37 @@ "text": "

Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most Sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon relied on timber and manganese exports until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. From 2010 to 2016, oil accounted for approximately 80% of Gabon’s exports, 45% of its GDP, and 60% of its state budget revenues.

 

Gabon faces fluctuating international prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. A rebound of oil prices from 2001 to 2013 helped growth, but declining production, as some fields passed their peak production, has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. GDP grew nearly 6% per year over the 2010-14 period, but slowed significantly from 2014 to just 1% in 2017 as oil prices declined. Low oil prices also weakened government revenue and negatively affected the trade and current account balances. In the wake of lower revenue, Gabon signed a 3-year agreement with the IMF in June 2017.

 

Despite an abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management and over-reliance on oil has stifled the economy. Power cuts and water shortages are frequent. Gabon is reliant on imports and the government heavily subsidizes commodities, including food, but will be hard pressed to tamp down public frustration with unemployment and corruption.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$32.34 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$32.05 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$31.874 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$32.48 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$31.25 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$32.471 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.46% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.84% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.92% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$14,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -707,14 +718,14 @@ "text": "$16.064 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.18% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.46% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.75% (2018 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -767,10 +778,10 @@ "text": "petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "557,800 (2017 est.)" + "text": "718,400 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -784,11 +795,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2015": { - "text": "28% (2015 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "22.26% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "20.4% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "21.97% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "20.74% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "38.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "33.7%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "44.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -827,7 +852,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.48% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" @@ -875,11 +900,14 @@ "text": "poultry meats, excavation machinery, packaged medicines, cars, rice (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$981.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.372 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$804.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$1.321 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$965.054 million (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -894,20 +922,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 78a5b209..d3baff26 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "3.66 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.8 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.78 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "27.2% (2017/18)" @@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ "text": "0.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "12.6% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "5%" @@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.2%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.4%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -723,37 +723,37 @@ "text": "

Ghana has a market-based economy with relatively few policy barriers to trade and investment in comparison with other countries in the region, and Ghana is endowed with natural resources. Ghana's economy was strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels, but in recent years has suffered the consequences of loose fiscal policy, high budget and current account deficits, and a depreciating currency.

 

Agriculture accounts for about 20% of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. Gold, oil, and cocoa exports, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. Expansion of Ghana’s nascent oil industry has boosted economic growth, but the fall in oil prices since 2015 reduced by half Ghana’s oil revenue. Production at Jubilee, Ghana's first commercial offshore oilfield, began in mid-December 2010. Production from two more fields, TEN and Sankofa, started in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The country’s first gas processing plant at Atuabo is also producing natural gas from the Jubilee field, providing power to several of Ghana’s thermal power plants.

 

As of 2018, key economic concerns facing the government include the lack of affordable electricity, lack of a solid domestic revenue base, and the high debt burden. The AKUFO-ADDO administration has made some progress by committing to fiscal consolidation, but much work is still to be done. Ghana signed a $920 million extended credit facility with the IMF in April 2015 to help it address its growing economic crisis. The IMF fiscal targets require Ghana to reduce the deficit by cutting subsidies, decreasing the bloated public sector wage bill, strengthening revenue administration, boosting tax revenues, and improving the health of Ghana’s banking sector. Priorities for the new administration include rescheduling some of Ghana’s $31 billion debt, stimulating economic growth, reducing inflation, and stabilizing the currency. Prospects for new oil and gas production and follow through on tighter fiscal management are likely to help Ghana’s economy in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$178.455 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$164.84 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$169.382 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$164.16 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$154.13 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$168.516 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "8.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.36% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.51% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$5,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -761,14 +761,14 @@ "text": "$65.363 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "9.97% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "9.89% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "8.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "9.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "12.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.14% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -821,10 +821,10 @@ "text": "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.49 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.095 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -838,22 +838,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2015": { - "text": "11.9% (2015 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.7% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "5.2% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.65% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.2%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.4%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -862,8 +865,7 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "43.5 (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "42.3 (2012-13)
41.9 (2005-06)" + } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { @@ -893,25 +895,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.34% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$2.131 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.541 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$2.86 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.134 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.864 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$25.59 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$23.901 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$22.51 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$22.077 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$25.592 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -921,11 +929,14 @@ "text": "gold, crude petroleum, cocoa products, manganese, cashews (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$26.91 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$25.967 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$23.22 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$24.545 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$26.908 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -935,11 +946,14 @@ "text": "metal tubing, ships, cars, refined petroleum, rice (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.555 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$9.917 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$6.162 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.884 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.563 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -954,20 +968,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "5.806 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "5.86 (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.596 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "5.68 (2019 est.)" + "text": "5.217 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "4.9 (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.585 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.712 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.895 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "4.351 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index cb50e96d..a8e4346e 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ "text": "4.85 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.39 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.37 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "10.9% (2018)" @@ -353,12 +353,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "69.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.3% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "68.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "17%" @@ -400,13 +400,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "8.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.1%" + "text": "7%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -723,37 +723,37 @@ "text": "

Guinea is a poor country of approximately 12.9 million people in 2016 that possesses the world's largest reserves of bauxite and largest untapped high-grade iron ore reserves, as well as gold and diamonds. In addition, Guinea has fertile soil, ample rainfall, and is the source of several West African rivers, including the Senegal, Niger, and Gambia. Guinea's hydro potential is enormous and the country could be a major exporter of electricity. The country also has tremendous agriculture potential. Gold, bauxite, and diamonds are Guinea’s main exports. International investors have shown interest in Guinea's unexplored mineral reserves, which have the potential to propel Guinea's future growth.

 

Following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE in 2008 and the coup that followed, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, significantly curtailed their development programs in Guinea. However, the IMF approved a 3-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2012, following the December 2010 presidential elections. In September 2012, Guinea achieved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries completion point status. Future access to international assistance and investment will depend on the government’s ability to be transparent, combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. In April 2013, the government amended its mining code to reduce taxes and royalties. In 2014, Guinea complied with requirements of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative by publishing its mining contracts. Guinea completed its program with the IMF in October 2016 even though some targeted reforms have been delayed. Currently Guinea is negotiating a new IMF program which will be based on Guinea’s new five-year economic plan, focusing on the development of higher value-added products, including from the agro-business sector and development of the rural economy.

 

Political instability, a reintroduction of the Ebola virus epidemic, low international commodity prices, and an enduring legacy of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of government transparency are factors that could impact Guinea’s future growth. Economic recovery will be a long process while the government adjusts to lower inflows of international donor aid following the surge of Ebola-related emergency support. Ebola stalled promising economic growth in the 2014-15 period and impeded several projects, such as offshore oil exploration and the Simandou iron ore project. The economy, however, grew by 6.6% in 2016 and 6.7% in 2017, mainly due to growth from bauxite mining and thermal energy generation as well as the resiliency of the agricultural sector. The 240-megawatt Kaleta Dam, inaugurated in September 2015, has expanded access to electricity for residents of Conakry. An combined with fears of Ebola virus, continue to undermine Guinea's economic viability.

 

Guinea’s iron ore industry took a hit in 2016 when investors in the Simandou iron ore project announced plans to divest from the project. In 2017, agriculture output and public investment boosted economic growth, while the mining sector continued to play a prominent role in economic performance.

 

Successive governments have failed to address the country's crumbling infrastructure. Guinea suffers from chronic electricity shortages; poor roads, rail lines and bridges; and a lack of access to clean water - all of which continue to plague economic development. The present government, led by President Alpha CONDE, is working to create an environment to attract foreign investment and hopes to have greater participation from western countries and firms in Guinea's economic development.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$35.729 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$35.08 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$34.388 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$32.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$31.03 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$32.775 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "10.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "4.92% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.62% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -761,14 +761,14 @@ "text": "$13.55 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "10.6% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "9.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "9.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -809,10 +809,10 @@ "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "11% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.9% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.558 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.89 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -823,33 +823,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.34% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "8.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.1%" + "text": "7%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "33.7 (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": { - "text": "40.3 (1994)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "29.6 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -886,22 +886,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$705 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$4.639 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$2.705 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$2.685 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$314.62 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$10.266 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$8.996 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$4.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.08 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$4.733 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$4.041 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -911,14 +914,14 @@ "text": "aluminum, gold, bauxite, diamonds, fish, cashews (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$5.353 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$6.314 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.32 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.18 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$7.317 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$4.32 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -928,11 +931,14 @@ "text": "rice, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$331.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.499 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$383.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.379 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$1.242 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -948,19 +954,19 @@ "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "9,953 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9,565.082 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "9,542.5 (2019 est.)" + "text": "9,183.876 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "9,092 (2018 est.)" + "text": "9,011.134 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "7,485.5 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "9,088.319 (2017 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "7,014.1 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2016": { + "text": "8,967.927 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index ae31488f..5286a8db 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ "text": "3.53 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.74 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.74 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "27.8% (2020)" @@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ "text": "0.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "12.8% (2016)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7%" @@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.1%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "4.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "6.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -737,37 +737,37 @@ "text": "

For the last 5 years Cote d'Ivoire's growth rate has been among the highest in the world. Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly two-thirds of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and to climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country has targeted agricultural processing of cocoa, cashews, mangoes, and other commodities as a high priority. Mining gold and exporting electricity are growing industries outside agriculture.

 

Following the end of more than a decade of civil conflict in 2011, Cote d’Ivoire has experienced a boom in foreign investment and economic growth. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$146.323 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$136.48 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$136.702 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$134.05 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$126.19 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$134.049 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.04% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "8.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.98% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "8.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.23% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$5,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -775,14 +775,14 @@ "text": "$42.498 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.09% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.43% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-1.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-1.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -832,10 +832,10 @@ "text": "foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.2% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.747 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.876 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -843,30 +843,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "9.4% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.47% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.49% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.1%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "4.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "6.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "39.5% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "41.5 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "36.7 (1995)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "37.2 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -897,25 +900,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.11% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.86 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.974 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$414 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.349 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$2.285 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$13.232 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$13.79 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$13.791 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$13.08 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13.084 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -926,11 +935,14 @@ "text": "cocoa beans, gold, rubber, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$12.66 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$12.88 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$12.881 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$13.18 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.183 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -959,20 +971,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "594.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index f9858c0c..74fe210f 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ "text": "3.29 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.63 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.6 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "64.6% (2020)" @@ -372,12 +372,12 @@ "text": "2.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.2% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -397,13 +397,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.9%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "13.8% (2019)" + "text": "14.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -728,37 +728,37 @@ "text": "

Kenya is the economic, financial, and transport hub of East Africa. Kenya’s real GDP growth has averaged over 5% for the last decade. Since 2014, Kenya has been ranked as a lower middle income country because its per capita GDP crossed a World Bank threshold. While Kenya has a growing entrepreneurial middle class and steady growth, its economic development has been impaired by weak governance and corruption. Although reliable numbers are hard to find, unemployment and under-employment are extremely high, and could be near 40% of the population. In 2013, the country adopted a devolved system of government with the creation of 47 counties, and is in the process of devolving state revenues and responsibilities to the counties.

 

Agriculture remains the backbone of the Kenyan economy, contributing one-third of GDP. About 75% of Kenya’s population of roughly 48.5 million work at least part-time in the agricultural sector, including livestock and pastoral activities. Over 75% of agricultural output is from small-scale, rain-fed farming or livestock production. Tourism also holds a significant place in Kenya’s economy. In spite of political turmoil throughout the second half of 2017, tourism was up 20%, showcasing the strength of this sector. Kenya has long been a target of terrorist activity and has struggled with instability along its northeastern borders. Some high visibility terrorist attacks during 2013-2015 (e.g., at Nairobi’s Westgate Mall and Garissa University) affected the tourism industry severely, but the sector rebounded strongly in 2016-2017 and appears poised to continue growing.

 

Inadequate infrastructure continues to hamper Kenya’s efforts to improve its annual growth so that it can meaningfully address poverty and unemployment. The KENYATTA administration has been successful in courting external investment for infrastructure development. International financial institutions and donors remain important to Kenya's growth and development, but Kenya has also successfully raised capital in the global bond market issuing its first sovereign bond offering in mid-2014, with a second occurring in February 2018. The first phase of a Chinese-financed and constructed standard gauge railway connecting Mombasa and Nairobi opened in May 2017.

 

In 2016 the government was forced to take over three small and undercapitalized banks when underlying weaknesses were exposed. The government also enacted legislation that limits interest rates banks can charge on loans and set a rate that banks must pay their depositors. This measure led to a sharp shrinkage of credit in the economy. A prolonged election cycle in 2017 hurt the economy, drained government resources, and slowed GDP growth. Drought-like conditions in parts of the country pushed 2017 inflation above 8%, but the rate had fallen to 4.5% in February 2018.

 

The economy, however, is well placed to resume its decade-long 5%-6% growth rate. While fiscal deficits continue to pose risks in the medium term, other economic indicators, including foreign exchange reserves, interest rates, current account deficits, remittances and FDI are positive. The credit and drought-related impediments were temporary. Now In his second term, President KENYATTA has pledged to make economic growth and development a centerpiece of his second administration, focusing on his \"Big Four\" initiatives of universal healthcare, food security, affordable housing, and expansion of manufacturing.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$251.431 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$226.94 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$233.852 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$227.64 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$216.05 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$234.438 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.52% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.25% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "5.39% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "6.32% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.79% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -766,14 +766,14 @@ "text": "$95.52 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "6.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.4% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ "text": "small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism, information technology" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.17% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "19.6 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "23.915 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -843,22 +843,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "40% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.74% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2001": { - "text": "40% (2001 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.73% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.01% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.9%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "13.8% (2019)" + "text": "14.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -867,9 +870,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "40.8 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "42.5 (2008 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -900,28 +900,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.3% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$57.594 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$5.744 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$56.194 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$4.792 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$5.258 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$11.825 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$9.709 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$11.49 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$11.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$9.723 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$11.471 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -931,14 +934,14 @@ "text": "tea, cut flowers, refined petroleum, coffee, titanium (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$21.853 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$17.717 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$20.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$20.17 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$18.653 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$20.408 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -948,11 +951,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, wheat, iron products (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.354 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$9.491 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$7.256 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$8.297 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$9.116 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -967,20 +973,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "109.638 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "111.45 (2020 est.)" + "text": "106.451 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "101.4 (2019 est.)" + "text": "101.991 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "102.4 (2018 est.)" + "text": "101.302 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "98.179 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "87.921 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "103.41 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index ceefbaa3..24a02f52 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "text": "4.79 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.36 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "24.9% (2019/20)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "49.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "10.9% (2019/20)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "48.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "NA" @@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "3.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "3.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -692,37 +692,37 @@ "text": "

Liberia is a low-income country that relies heavily on foreign assistance and remittances from the diaspora. It is richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture. Its principal exports are iron ore, rubber, diamonds, and gold. Palm oil and cocoa are emerging as new export products. The government has attempted to revive raw timber extraction and is encouraging oil exploration.

 

In the 1990s and early 2000s, civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially infrastructure in and around the capital. Much of the conflict was fueled by control over Liberia’s natural resources. With the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically elected government in 2006, businesses that had fled the country began to return. The country achieved high growth during the period 2010-13 due to favorable world prices for its commodities. However, during the 2014-2015 Ebola crisis, the economy declined and many foreign-owned businesses departed with their capital and expertise. The epidemic forced the government to divert scarce resources to combat the spread of the virus, reducing funds available for needed public investment. The cost of addressing the Ebola epidemic coincided with decreased economic activity reducing government revenue, although higher donor support significantly offset this loss. During the same period, global commodities prices for key exports fell and have yet to recover to pre-Ebola levels.

 

In 2017, gold was a key driver of growth, as a new mining project began its first full year of production; iron ore exports are also increased as Arcelor Mittal opened new mines at Mount Gangra. The completion of the rehabilitation of the Mount Coffee Hydroelectric Dam increased electricity production to support ongoing and future economic activity, although electricity tariffs remain high relative to other countries in the region and transmission infrastructure is limited. Presidential and legislative elections in October 2017 generated election-related spending pressures.

 

Revitalizing the economy in the future will depend on economic diversification, increasing investment and trade, higher global commodity prices, sustained foreign aid and remittances, development of infrastructure and institutions, combating corruption, and maintaining political stability and security.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$7.391 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$6.85 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7.04 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$7.05 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$7.21 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$7.257 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.99% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-1.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.98% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-2.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$1,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -730,11 +730,11 @@ "text": "$3.071 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "12.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "23.56% (2018 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "8.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "12.42% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -775,10 +775,10 @@ "text": "mining (iron ore and gold), rubber processing, palm oil processing, diamonds" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.25% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.677 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.289 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -792,19 +792,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "2.8% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.09% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.98% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "3.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "3.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -813,9 +819,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "35.3 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "38.2 (2007)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -852,22 +855,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$627 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$653.403 million (2019 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$464 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$674.092 million (2018 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2017": { + "text": "-$565.564 million (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$550 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$554.013 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$530 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$527.345 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$359 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$429.592 million (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -878,13 +884,13 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.24 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.244 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.25 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.245 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$2.118 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$1.232 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -894,11 +900,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, iron structures, boat propellers, centrifuges (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$459.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$340.966 million (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$528.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$297.071 million (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$332.151 million (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -913,20 +922,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "191.518 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "186.43 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "144.056 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "109.4 (2017 est.)" + "text": "112.707 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "93.4 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "93.4 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "85.3 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "83.893 (2013 est.)" + "text": "94.427 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index cf23b87d..80448ec6 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "2.92 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.44 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.42 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "64.9% (2018)" @@ -342,12 +342,12 @@ "text": "5.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "10.5% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1%" @@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.6%" + "text": "37.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.6% NA" + "text": "32.8% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "38.1% (2019 est.) NA" + "text": "43.8% (2021 est.) NA" } } }, @@ -688,37 +688,37 @@ "text": "

Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho depends on a narrow economic base of textile manufacturing, agriculture, remittances, and regional customs revenue. About three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in animal herding and subsistence agriculture, although Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability.

 

Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity; Lesotho imports 85% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa in mines, on farms, and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Lesotho is a member of the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU), and revenues from SACU accounted for roughly 26% of total GDP in 2016; however, SACU revenues are volatile and expected to decline over the next 5 years. Lesotho also gains royalties from the South African Government for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers.

 

The government maintains a large presence in the economy - government consumption accounted for about 26% of GDP in 2017. The government remains Lesotho's largest employer; in 2016, the government wage bill rose to 23% of GDP – the largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and accounted for nearly 35% of total exports in 2015. Lesotho managed steady GDP growth at an average of 4.5% from 2010 to 2014, dropping to about 2.5% in 2015-16, but poverty remains widespread around 57% of the total population.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$5.236 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$4.88 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5.167 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5.49 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$5.51 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5.638 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-1.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.35% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.36% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.93% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -726,14 +726,14 @@ "text": "$2.462 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "6.05% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "4.98% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.19% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -780,10 +780,10 @@ "text": "food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "12.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.52% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "930,800 (2017 est.)" + "text": "955,600 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -795,22 +795,25 @@ "note": "note: most of the resident population is engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "28.1% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "24.6% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "25% (2008 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "24.56% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "22.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.6%" + "text": "37.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.6% NA" + "text": "32.8% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "38.1% (2019 est.) NA" + "text": "43.8% (2021 est.) NA" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -850,28 +853,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "18.47% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$102 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$90.886 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$201 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$18.211 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$72.308 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.08 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$900 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$902.123 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.09 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.25 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.093 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -881,14 +887,14 @@ "text": "diamonds, clothing and apparel, low-voltage protection equipment, wheat products, footwear (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$2.221 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.96 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.98 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2.2 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.39 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -898,11 +904,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, clothing and apparel, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, poultry meats (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$657.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$774.095 million (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$925.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$728.528 million (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$657.668 million (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -917,20 +926,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "maloti (LSL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "14.779 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "16.459 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "14.448 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "13.234 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "14.48 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "14.71 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "14.71 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "12.76 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "10.85 (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.324 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index d149c3dd..7432a23a 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "3.09 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.51 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.48 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "27.7% (2014)" @@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.7% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -360,13 +360,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "48.7%" + "text": "50.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "40.8%" + "text": "41.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "67.8% (2012 est.)" + "text": "73.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -634,37 +634,37 @@ "text": "

Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, has struggled since 2014 given security and political instability, disruptions in oil production, and decline in global oil prices. The Libyan dinar has lost much of its value since 2014 and the resulting gap between official and black market exchange rates has spurred the growth of a shadow economy and contributed to inflation. The country suffers from widespread power outages, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing have all declined since 2011. Oil production in 2017 reached a five-year high, driving GDP growth, with daily average production rising to 879,000 barrels per day. However, oil production levels remain below the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day.

 

The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 17% of GDP in 2017. Low consumer confidence in the banking sector and the economy as a whole has driven a severe liquidity shortage.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$147.942 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$70.65 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$112.612 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$102.84 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$100.3 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$148.037 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "64% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "31.37% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-7.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-23.93% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-13% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-11.2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$22,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$10,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$16,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$22,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -717,10 +717,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "60.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-10.57% (2019 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.114 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.28 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -734,19 +734,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2004": { - "text": "30% (2004 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "19.58% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "20.07% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "19.66% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "48.7%" + "text": "50.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "40.8%" + "text": "41.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "67.8% (2012 est.)" + "text": "73.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -786,19 +792,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$2.574 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$4.78 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$4.575 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$4.817 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "$11.276 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$29.96 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$9.537 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$11.99 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$29.326 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2018": { + "text": "$29.964 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -808,11 +820,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, gold, refined petroleum, scrap iron (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$18.85 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$14.334 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$8.667 billion (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$25.368 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2018": { + "text": "$18.849 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -822,11 +837,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, cigarettes, jewelry (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$74.71 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$82.262 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$66.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$79.656 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$84.664 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -841,20 +859,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "4.514 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.389 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.398 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.365 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.413 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.3904 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.3904 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.379 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.2724 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.394 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index 04bae82d..dc9b251f 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "3.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.75 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "49.7% (2020)" @@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ "text": "12.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "26.4% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "12.7%" @@ -405,13 +405,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "4.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "5.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -714,52 +714,52 @@ "text": "

Madagascar is a mostly unregulated economy with many untapped natural resources, but no capital markets, a weak judicial system, poorly enforced contracts, and rampant government corruption. The country faces challenges to improve education, healthcare, and the environment to boost long-term economic growth. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing roughly 80% of the population. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by bushfires, slash-and-burn clearing techniques, and the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns to the agriculture dependent economy.

 

After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization until a 2009 coup d’état led many nations, including the United States, to suspend non-humanitarian aid until a democratically-elected president was inaugurated in 2014. The pre-coup strategy had placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low starting point. Exports of apparel boomed after gaining duty-free access to the US market in 2000 under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA); however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the AGOA led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010, a sharp fall in textile production, a loss of more than 100,000 jobs, and a GDP drop of nearly 11%.

 

Madagascar regained AGOA access in January 2015 and ensuing growth has been slow and fragile. Madagascar produces around 80% of the world’s vanilla and its reliance on this commodity for most of its foreign exchange is a significant source of vulnerability. Economic reforms have been modest and the country’s financial sector remains weak, limiting the use of monetary policy to control inflation. An ongoing IMF program aims to strengthen financial and investment management capacity.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$42.322 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$41.82 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$40.537 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$43.65 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$41.81 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$43.653 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.4% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.14% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.41% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$1,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,600 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,600 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$13.964 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.81% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "4.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "8.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.61% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -800,28 +800,31 @@ "text": "meat processing, seafood, soap, beer, leather, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-21.56% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "13.4 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.813 million (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.59% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.47% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.86% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "4.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "5.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -830,9 +833,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { "text": "42.6 (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "42.7 (2010)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -863,28 +863,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.52% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$35 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$732.252 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$57 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$623.149 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$302.357 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.341 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.589 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$4.09 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.41 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$4.839 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$4.082 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -894,14 +897,14 @@ "text": "vanilla, nickel, gold, clothing and apparel, gemstones (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$4.768 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.718 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.7 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.82 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$5.796 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$4.685 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -911,11 +914,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, rice, cars, packaged medicines, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.335 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.076 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.981 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.693 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -930,20 +936,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3,829.978 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "3,787.754 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "3,618.322 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "3,334.752 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "3,116.1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "3,176.5 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "3,176.5 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2,933.5 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2,414.8 (2013 est.)" + "text": "3,116.11 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 3e4c9f32..49f1ea31 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "3.4 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.69 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.64 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "65.6% (2019/20)" @@ -364,12 +364,12 @@ "text": "4.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "9% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.7% (2022 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -400,13 +400,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.2%" + "text": "9.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "7.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "1.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "12.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -720,52 +720,52 @@ "text": "

Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The country’s economic performance has historically been constrained by policy inconsistency, macroeconomic instability, poor infrastructure, rampant corruption, high population growth, and poor health and education outcomes that limit labor productivity. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for about one-third of GDP and 80% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports, although Malawi is looking to diversify away from tobacco to other cash crops.

 

The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. Donors halted direct budget support from 2013 to 2016 because of concerns about corruption and fiscal carelessness, but the World Bank resumed budget support in May 2017. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program but recent increases in domestic borrowing mean that debt servicing in 2016 exceeded the levels prior to HIPC debt relief.

 

Heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture, with corn being the staple crop, Malawi’s economy was hit hard by the El Nino-driven drought in 2015 and 2016, and now faces threat from the fall armyworm. The drought also slowed economic activity, led to two consecutive years of declining economic growth, and contributed to high inflation rates. Depressed food prices over 2017 led to a significant drop in inflation (from an average of 21.7% in 2016 to 12.3% in 2017), with a similar drop in interest rates.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$29.658 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$28.44 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$28.864 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.22 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$26.69 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$28.635 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.75% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.8% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,500 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,500 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$7.766 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "8.63% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "9.3% (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.37% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "12.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.42% (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -806,10 +806,10 @@ "text": "tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7 million (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.551 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -823,30 +823,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "20.4% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.02% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.7% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.2%" + "text": "9.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "7.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "1.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "12.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "51.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "44.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2004": { - "text": "39 (2004)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "38.5 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -869,36 +872,42 @@ "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "59.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "44.89% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "60.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "41.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "34.29% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.72% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$591 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.543 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$744 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.466 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.321 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.538 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.268 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.16 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.11 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$9.658 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$1.447 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -908,14 +917,14 @@ "text": "tobacco, tea, raw sugar, beans, soybean products, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$3.582 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.208 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.2 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.92 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$11.631 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$3.266 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -925,11 +934,14 @@ "text": "postage stamps, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, fertilizers, office machinery/parts (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$780.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$594,498,500 (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$585.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$846,839,800 (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$766,154,800 (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -945,19 +957,19 @@ "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "762.4951 (2020 est.)" + "text": "749.527 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "736.6548 (2019 est.)" + "text": "745.541 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "732.335 (2018 est.)" + "text": "732.333 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "499.6 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "730.273 (2017 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "424.9 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2016": { + "text": "718.005 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index e01440ef..dee12878 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "5.54 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.68 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "17.2% (2018)" @@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ "text": "1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "78.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "18.1% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "77.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "15.9%" @@ -413,13 +413,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.5%" + "text": "17.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.6%" + "text": "15.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "19.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -736,37 +736,37 @@ "text": "

Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, landlocked Mali depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid.

 

Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River; about 65% of Mali’s land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government subsidizes the production of cereals to decrease the country’s dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks.

 

Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will depend on global price trends. Although the political coup in 2012 slowed Mali’s growth, the economy has since bounced back, with GDP growth above 5% in 2014-17, although physical insecurity, high population growth, corruption, weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital continue to constrain economic development. Higher rainfall helped to boost cotton output in 2017, and the country’s 2017 budget increased spending more than 10%, much of which was devoted to infrastructure and agriculture. Corruption and political turmoil are strong downside risks in 2018 and beyond.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$46.452 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$44.89 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$45.076 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$45.64 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$43.57 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.24% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -774,11 +774,14 @@ "text": "$17.508 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.93% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.44% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "-1.66% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -825,10 +828,10 @@ "text": "food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.01% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.447 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.9 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -839,33 +842,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.72% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "7.8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.7% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "7.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.5%" + "text": "17.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.6%" + "text": "15.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "19.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "42.1% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2001": { - "text": "40.1 (2001)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": { - "text": "50.5 (1994)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "36.1 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -896,25 +899,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.16% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$886 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$379.683 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.015 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.289 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$836.255 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.18 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$5.196 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$2.803 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$4.442 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2018": { + "text": "$4.186 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -924,11 +933,14 @@ "text": "gold, cotton, sesame seeds, lumber, vegetable oils/residues (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.08 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$6.339 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$3.403 billion (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$6.559 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2018": { + "text": "$6.081 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -957,20 +969,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 512e1e6d..99559315 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ "note": "note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.12 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.12 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.8% (2018)", @@ -373,13 +373,13 @@ "text": "0.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "58.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.6% (2017/18)", "note": "note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.5%" @@ -421,13 +421,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "22.2%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.8% (2016 est.)" + "text": "28.7% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara" } @@ -726,37 +726,37 @@ "text": "

Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to work towards building a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, aerospace, automotive, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. Morocco has increased investment in its port, transportation, and industrial infrastructure to position itself as a center and broker for business throughout Africa. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness.

 

In the 1980s, Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although poor harvests and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the US in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the EU in 2008. In late 2014, Morocco eliminated subsidies for gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil, dramatically reducing outlays that weighed on the country’s budget and current account. Subsidies on butane gas and certain food products remain in place. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable more than 50% of installed electricity generation capacity by 2030.

 

Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. Key economic challenges for Morocco include reforming the education system and the judiciary.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$303.336 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$259.42 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$281.049 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$279.3 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$272.53 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$302.813 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.93% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.19% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.96% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.98% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.89% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$8,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$6,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$8,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -764,14 +764,14 @@ "text": "$118.858 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.71% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -824,10 +824,10 @@ "text": "automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.84% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "10.399 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "11.814 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -841,22 +841,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "9.23% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "11.47% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "9.65% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "11.45% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "9.28% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "22.2%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.8% (2016 est.)" + "text": "28.7% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara" }, @@ -866,9 +869,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { "text": "39.5 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1999": { - "text": "39.5 (1999 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -899,28 +899,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.02% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$5.075 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$3.261 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$6.758 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.368 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$4.407 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$47.078 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$37.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$37.545 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$44.05 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$43.25 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$44.048 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -930,14 +933,14 @@ "text": "cars, insulated wiring, fertilizers, phosphoric acid, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$60.047 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$46.26 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$46.358 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$54.1 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$55.38 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$54.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -947,11 +950,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, natural gas, coal, low-voltage protection equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$26.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$35.648 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$25.37 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$35.998 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$26.413 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -966,20 +972,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.988 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "9.0065 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.497 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "9.657 (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.617 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "9.48825 (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.386 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "9.7351 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "8.3798 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "9.692 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1314,6 +1320,11 @@ "Disputes - international": { "text": "

Morocco-Algeria: Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling

Morocco-Mauritania: tensions arose in 2016 when Mauritanian soldiers were deployed to Lagouira, a city in the southernmost part of Morocco, and raised their flag

Morocco-Spain: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa

" }, + "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { + "refugees (country of origin)": { + "text": "5,250 (Syria) (mid-year 2022)" + } + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

one of the world’s largest cannabis-producing countries with Europe as the main  market; hashish is also smuggled to South America and the Caribbean where it is exchanged for cocaine which is distributed in Europe; MDMA (ecstasy), originating in Belgium and the Netherlands is smuggled into northern Morocco for sale on the domestic market

" } diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 7a8e2637..6dac4c03 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "text": "1.35 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.65 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.65 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "63.8% (2014)" @@ -332,12 +332,12 @@ "text": "3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -368,13 +368,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.5%" + "text": "25.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.7%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "28% (2020 est.)" + "text": "32.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -650,37 +650,37 @@ "text": "

Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has undergone a remarkable economic transformation from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a diversified, upper middle-income economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. Mauritius has achieved steady growth over the last several decades, resulting in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure.

 

The economy currently depends on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, but is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, education, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area but sugar makes up only around 3-4% of national GDP. Authorities plan to emphasize services and innovation in the coming years. After several years of slow growth, government policies now seek to stimulate economic growth in five areas: serving as a gateway for international investment into Africa; increasing the use of renewable energy; developing smart cities; growing the ocean economy; and upgrading and modernizing infrastructure, including public transportation, the port, and the airport.

 

Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. The Mauritius International Financial Center is under scrutiny by international bodies promoting fair tax competition and Mauritius has been cooperating with the European Union and the United states in the automatic exchange of account information. Mauritius is also a member of the OECD/G20’s Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and is under pressure to review its Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements. The offshore sector is vulnerable to changes in the tax framework and authorities have been working on a Financial Services Sector Blueprint to enable Mauritius to transition to a jurisdiction of higher value added. Mauritius’ textile sector has taken advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, a preferential trade program that allows duty free access to the US market, with Mauritian exports to the US growing by 35.6 % from 2000 to 2014. However, lack of local labor as well as rising labor costs eroding the competitiveness of textile firms in Mauritius.

 

Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped mitigate negative effects of the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew in the 3-4% per year range in 2010-17, and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe. Growth in the US and Europe fostered goods and services exports, including tourism, while lower oil prices kept inflation low. Mauritius continues to rank as one of the most business-friendly environments on the continent and passed a Business Facilitation Act to improve competitiveness and long-term growth prospects. A new National Economic Development Board was set up in 2017-2018 to spearhead efforts to promote exports and attract inward investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$26.547 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$24.64 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$25.599 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.95 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$28.1 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$29.974 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.7% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-14.6% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.89% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$21,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$19,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$20,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$22,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$22,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$23,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -688,14 +688,14 @@ "text": "$14.004 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.03% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.58% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.41% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -742,10 +742,10 @@ "text": "food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.88% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "554,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "597,900 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -759,22 +759,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "6.65% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.84% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.41% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.5%" + "text": "25.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.7%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "28% (2020 est.)" + "text": "32.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -783,9 +786,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "36.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2006": { - "text": "39 (2006 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -808,33 +808,42 @@ "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "64% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "57.96% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "66.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "55.38% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "56.16% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.72% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$875 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.527 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$531 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.003 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$718.495 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.17 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.198 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$3.088 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$5.258 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -844,11 +853,14 @@ "text": "fish products, raw sugar, clothing and apparel, diamonds, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$7.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$6.082 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$7.53 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$5.222 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$7.365 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -858,11 +870,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, fish products, aircraft, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$5.984 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$8.563 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$4.967 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.291 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.362 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -877,20 +892,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "41.692 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "39.65 (2020 est.)" + "text": "39.347 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "36.51 (2019 est.)" + "text": "35.474 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "34.4 (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.934 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "35.057 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "30.622 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "34.481 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index e78b20ef..9af0b473 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ "text": "3.53 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.74 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.71 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "11.5% (2019/20)" @@ -371,12 +371,12 @@ "text": "2.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "19.2% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -407,13 +407,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "23%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.8%" + "text": "20.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "24.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "27.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -726,37 +726,37 @@ "text": "

Mauritania's economy is dominated by extractive industries (oil and mines), fisheries, livestock, agriculture, and services. Half the population still depends on farming and raising livestock, even though many nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s, 1980s, 2000s, and 2017. Recently, GDP growth has been driven largely by foreign investment in the mining and oil sectors.

 

Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron ore, gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock, and exploration is ongoing for tantalum, uranium, crude oil, and natural gas. Extractive commodities make up about three-quarters of Mauritania's total exports, subjecting the economy to price swings in world commodity markets. Mining is also a growing source of government revenue, rising from 13% to 30% of total revenue from 2006 to 2014. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, and fishing accounts for about 15% of budget revenues, 45% of foreign currency earnings. Mauritania processes a total of 1,800,000 tons of fish per year, but overexploitation by foreign and national fleets threaten the sustainability of this key source of revenue.

 

The economy is highly sensitive to international food and extractive commodity prices. Other risks to Mauritania's economy include its recurring droughts, dependence on foreign aid and investment, and insecurity in neighboring Mali, as well as significant shortages of infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital. In December 2017, Mauritania and the IMF agreed to a three year agreement under the Extended Credit Facility to foster economic growth, maintain macroeconomic stability, and reduce poverty. Investment in agriculture and infrastructure are the largest components of the country’s public expenditures.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$24.494 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$23.17 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$23.909 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$23.52 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$22.2 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$24.136 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.45% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.94% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$5,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -764,14 +764,14 @@ "text": "$706 million (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.57% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.39% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -813,10 +813,10 @@ "note": "note: gypsum deposits have never been exploited" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-6.61% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.437 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.197 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -830,22 +830,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "10.2% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "11.46% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "10.1% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "11.27% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "10.39% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "23%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.8%" + "text": "20.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "24.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "27.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -854,9 +857,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "32.6 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2006": { - "text": "39 (2006 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -893,22 +893,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$711 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$807.862 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$707 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$576.175 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$831.106 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.18 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.784 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.52 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.06 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$302 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$2.525 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -918,14 +921,14 @@ "text": "iron ore, fish products, gold, mollusks, processed crustaceans (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$4.312 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.675 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.68 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.28 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$319 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$3.683 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -935,11 +938,14 @@ "text": "ships, aircraft, wheat, raw sugar, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$875 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.039 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$849.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.493 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.029 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -954,20 +960,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "36.063 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "37.189 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "36.691 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "35.678 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "363.6 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "352.37 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "352.37 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "319.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "299.5 (2013 est.)" + "text": "35.794 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1292,7 +1298,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "26,001 (Sahrawis) (mid-year 2021); 98,202 (Mali) (2022)" + "text": "26,000 (Sahrawis); 98,202 (Mali) (2022)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 370cead1..6ea939fe 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "4.81 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.37 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "27.1% (2015)" @@ -365,12 +365,12 @@ "text": "5.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "64.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "15.6% (2014/15)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "63.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.4%" + "text": "8.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.7%" + "text": "8.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -725,49 +725,52 @@ "text": "

At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP, in purchasing power parity terms, from $4 billion in 1993 to about $37 billion in 2017. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, about half the population remains below the poverty line and subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force.

 

Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt was reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives. However, in 2016, information surfaced revealing that the Mozambican Government was responsible for over $2 billion in government-backed loans secured between 2012-14 by state-owned defense and security companies without parliamentary approval or national budget inclusion; this prompted the IMF and international donors to halt direct budget support to the Government of Mozambique. An international audit was performed on Mozambique’s debt in 2016-17, but debt restructuring and resumption of donor support have yet to occur.

 

Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade leading up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances, but the sizable external debt burden, donor withdrawal, elevated inflation, and currency depreciation contributed to slower growth in 2016-17.

 

Two major International consortiums, led by American companies ExxonMobil and Anadarko, are seeking approval to develop massive natural gas deposits off the coast of Cabo Delgado province, in what has the potential to become the largest infrastructure project in Africa. . The government predicts sales of liquefied natural gas from these projects could generate several billion dollars in revenues annually sometime after 2022.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$39.351 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$38.42 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$38.442 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$38.91 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$38.04 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$38.923 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.11% (2018 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.36% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.07% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.23% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.31% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,300 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$14.964 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.69% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.14% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "15.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.78% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -820,10 +823,10 @@ "text": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.42% (2019 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.9 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.137 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -837,22 +840,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "24.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.98% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "25% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.81% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.4%" + "text": "8.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.7%" + "text": "8.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -861,9 +867,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "54 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2002": { - "text": "47.3 (2002)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -886,36 +889,42 @@ "text": "-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "102.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "102.88% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "121.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "79.51% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "82.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.84% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$3.025 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$3.601 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$4.499 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$3.869 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$2.934 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$6.404 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$4.35 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.37 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$5.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5.97 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -925,14 +934,14 @@ "text": "coal, aluminum, natural gas, tobacco, electricity, gold, lumber (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$10.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$8.38 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.63 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.57 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$10.52 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.503 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -942,11 +951,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, chromium, iron, bauxite, electricity (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.361 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$67.51 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.081 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$47.597 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$20.664 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -961,20 +973,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "65.465 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "74.12 (2020 est.)" + "text": "69.465 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "63.885 (2019 est.)" + "text": "62.548 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "61.625 (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.326 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "39.983 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "31.367 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "63.584 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 59a03c89..762baeca 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "6.82 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "3.36 (2022 est.)" + "text": "3.31 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "11% (2021)" @@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ "text": "1.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "80.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "31.3% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "80.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -402,13 +402,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.6%" + "text": "1%" }, "male": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "1.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "17.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -731,52 +731,52 @@ "text": "

Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes approximately 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for over 80% of the population. The UN ranked Niger as the second least developed country in the world in 2016 due to multiple factors such as food insecurity, lack of industry, high population growth, a weak educational sector, and few prospects for work outside of subsistence farming and herding.

 

Since 2011 public debt has increased due to efforts to scale-up public investment, particularly that related to infrastructure, as well as due to increased security spending. The government relies on foreign donor resources for a large portion of its fiscal budget. The economy in recent years has been hurt by terrorist activity near its uranium mines and by instability in Mali and in the Diffa region of the country; concerns about security have resulted in increased support from regional and international partners on defense. Low uranium prices, demographics, and security expenditures may continue to put pressure on the government’s finances.

 

The Government of Niger plans to exploit oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources to sustain future growth. Although Niger has sizable reserves of oil, the prolonged drop in oil prices has reduced profitability. Food insecurity and drought remain perennial problems for Niger, and the government plans to invest more in irrigation. Niger’s three-year $131 million IMF Extended Credit Facility (ECF) agreement for the years 2012-15 was extended until the end of 2016. In February 2017, the IMF approved a new 3-year $134 million ECF. In June 2017, The World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) granted Niger $1 billion over three years for IDA18, a program to boost the country’s development and alleviate poverty. A $437 million Millennium Challenge Account compact for Niger, commencing in FY18, will focus on large-scale irrigation infrastructure development and community-based, climate-resilient agriculture, while promoting sustainable increases in agricultural productivity and sales.

 

Formal private sector investment needed for economic diversification and growth remains a challenge, given the country’s limited domestic markets, access to credit, and competitiveness. Although President ISSOUFOU is courting foreign investors, including those from the US, as of April 2017, there were no US firms operating in Niger. In November 2017, the National Assembly passed the 2018 Finance Law that was geared towards raising government revenues and moving away from international support.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$29.964 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$28.97 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$29.554 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.54 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$26.95 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$28.541 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.55% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.94% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,200 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,200 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$12.926 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.84% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.9% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-2.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -823,10 +823,10 @@ "text": "uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.09% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.5 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.411 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -840,22 +840,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "0.75% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "0.3% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "0.62% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.55% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.6%" + "text": "1%" }, "male": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "1.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "17.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -864,9 +867,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "34.3 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "50.5 (1995)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -903,19 +903,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.16 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.816 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.181 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.572 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$1.625 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.338 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.39 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.387 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.45 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.45 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -925,11 +931,14 @@ "text": "gold, sesame seeds, uranium, natural gas, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.542 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.4 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.395 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.37 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.369 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -958,20 +967,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 46e77f29..915ea71e 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "4.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.24 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.22 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "16.6% (2018)" @@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ "text": "0.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "18.4% (2019/20)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "15.7%" @@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.9%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "26.8% NA" + "text": "19.8% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "33.5% (2019 est.) NA" + "text": "19.4% (2021 est.) NA" } } }, @@ -734,52 +734,52 @@ "text": "

Nigeria is Sub Saharan Africa’s largest economy and relies heavily on oil as its main source of foreign exchange earnings and government revenues. Following the 2008-09 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Since then, Nigeria’s economic growth has been driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels; over 62% of Nigeria's over 180 million people still live in extreme poverty.

 

Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production had been contracting every year since 2012 until a slight rebound in 2017.

 

President BUHARI, elected in March 2015, has established a cabinet of economic ministers that includes several technocrats, and he has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify the economy away from oil, and improve fiscal management, but has taken a primarily protectionist approach that favors domestic producers at the expense of consumers. President BUHARI ran on an anti-corruption platform, and has made some headway in alleviating corruption, such as implementation of a Treasury Single Account that allows the government to better manage its resources and a more transparent government payroll and personnel system that eliminated duplicate and \"ghost workers.\" The government also is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power.

 

Nigeria entered recession in 2016 as a result of lower oil prices and production, exacerbated by militant attacks on oil and gas infrastructure in the Niger Delta region, coupled with detrimental economic policies, including foreign exchange restrictions. GDP growth turned positive in 2017 as oil prices recovered and output stabilized.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.05 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,013,530,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.014 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,032,050,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,009,750,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.032 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.65% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-1.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.79% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.21% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$4,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$5,100 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,200 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$475.062 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "16.95% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "13.25% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "11.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "12.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "16.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -832,10 +832,10 @@ "text": "crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.47% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "60.08 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "65.116 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -849,22 +849,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "16.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.79% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "13.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.71% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.53% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.9%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "26.8% NA" + "text": "19.8% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "33.5% (2019 est.) NA" + "text": "19.4% (2021 est.) NA" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -873,9 +876,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "35.1 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": { - "text": "50.6 (1997)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -912,22 +912,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$10.38 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.849 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$2.714 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$15.986 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$13.685 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$50.856 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$39.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$39.937 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$69.93 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$66.04 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$69.927 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -937,14 +940,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, scrap vessels, flexible metal tubing, cocoa beans (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$66.107 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$72.18 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$72.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$100.82 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$71.64 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -954,11 +957,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, wheat, laboratory glassware, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$38.77 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$36.73 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$25.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$38.336 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$42.839 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -974,19 +980,19 @@ "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "383.5 (2020 est.)" + "text": "358.811 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "362.75 (2019 est.)" + "text": "306.921 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "363 (2018 est.)" + "text": "306.084 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "192.73 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "305.79 (2017 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "158.55 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2016": { + "text": "253.492 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 60e88e05..6fcc3ea8 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "5.32 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.59 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.54 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -318,12 +318,12 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "6.6% (2014)" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "72.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "72% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, @@ -343,13 +343,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "38.6%" + "text": "21%" }, "male": { - "text": "39.5%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "37.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -663,11 +663,14 @@ "text": "$3.06 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "187.9% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "10.52% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "379.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "29.68% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "87.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { @@ -690,15 +693,29 @@ "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, sorghum, vegetables, cassava, goat milk, fruit, beef, sesame seed, sheep milk, mutton" }, + "Labor force": { + "text": "4.278 million (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.91% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "14.03% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "12.23% (2019 est.)" + } + }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "38.6%" + "text": "21%" }, "male": { - "text": "39.5%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "37.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -732,19 +749,25 @@ "text": "8.5% (of GDP) (FY2017/18 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$154 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$6.55 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$39 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.718 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$193.95 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$3.01 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$4.652 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$3.09 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.344 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$3.641 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -754,11 +777,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, gold, forage crops, lumber, insect resins (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.07 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$4.037 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.57 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$4.245 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$3.893 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -768,28 +794,34 @@ "text": "cars, delivery trucks, packaged medicines, foodstuffs, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$73 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$183,614,800 (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$378,281,700 (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$36,396,400 (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "South Sudanese pounds (SSP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "306.355 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "165.907 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "157.999 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "141.386 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "113.648 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index 1b4b6182..f2d96b27 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "text": "4.69 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.31 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.29 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "20.6% (2018/19)" @@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ "text": "0.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "18.8% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "8.1%" @@ -386,13 +386,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.2% (2018)" + "text": "14.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -662,52 +662,52 @@ "text": "

Guinea-Bissau is highly dependent on subsistence agriculture, cashew nut exports, and foreign assistance. Two out of three Bissau-Guineans remain below the absolute poverty line. The legal economy is based on cashews and fishing. Illegal logging and trafficking in narcotics also play significant roles. The combination of limited economic prospects, weak institutions, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe.

 

Guinea-Bissau has substantial potential for development of mineral resources, including phosphates, bauxite, and mineral sands. Offshore oil and gas exploration has begun. The country’s climate and soil make it feasible to grow a wide range of cash crops, fruit, vegetables, and tubers; however, cashews generate more than 80% of export receipts and are the main source of income for many rural communities.

 

The government was deposed in August 2015, and since then, a political stalemate has resulted in weak governance and reduced donor support.

 

The country is participating in a three-year, IMF extended credit facility program that was suspended because of a planned bank bailout. The program was renewed in 2017, but the major donors of direct budget support (the EU, World Bank, and African Development Bank) have halted their programs indefinitely. Diversification of the economy remains a key policy goal, but Guinea-Bissau’s poor infrastructure and business climate will constrain this effort.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.774 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$3.64 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.636 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3.73 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3.56 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.725 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.4% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,900 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,900 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.339 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.24% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.14% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.25% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -748,10 +748,10 @@ "text": "agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.7% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "731,300 (2013 est.)" + "text": "867,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -762,25 +762,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.76% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.74% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.04% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.2% (2018)" + "text": "14.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "67% (2015 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "50.7 (2010 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "34.8 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -811,25 +820,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.46% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$27 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$38.683 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$16 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$127.41 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$54.134 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$232.536 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$290 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$291.805 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$380 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$380.428 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -839,11 +854,14 @@ "text": "cashews, gold, fish, lumber, aluminum ores (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$439 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$500 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$502 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$460 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$459 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -872,20 +890,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index e0438d2b..94aad55a 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "3.33 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.64 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.59 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "64.1% (2019/20)" @@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ "text": "7.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "50.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "7.7% (2019/20)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "50.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -394,13 +394,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.2%" + "text": "2.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "2.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "19% (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -695,52 +695,52 @@ "text": "

Rwanda is a rural, agrarian country with agriculture accounting for about 63% of export earnings, and with some mineral and agro-processing. Population density is high but, with the exception of the capital Kigali, is not concentrated in large cities – its 12 million people are spread out on a small amount of land (smaller than the state of Maryland). Tourism, minerals, coffee, and tea are Rwanda's main sources of foreign exchange. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap private sector growth.

 

The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy well beyond pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded with an average annual growth of 6%-8% since 2003 and inflation has been reduced to single digits. In 2015, 39% of the population lived below the poverty line, according to government statistics, compared to 57% in 2006.

 

The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment. Rwanda consistently ranks well for ease of doing business and transparency.

 

The Rwandan Government is seeking to become a regional leader in information and communication technologies and aims to reach middle-income status by 2020 by leveraging the service industry. In 2012, Rwanda completed the first modern Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kigali. The SEZ seeks to attract investment in all sectors, but specifically in agribusiness, information and communications, trade and logistics, mining, and construction. In 2016, the government launched an online system to give investors information about public land and its suitability for agricultural development.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$30.141 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$27.18 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$27.182 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.13 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$25.7 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$28.127 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.88% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.36% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "8.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "9.46% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$9.136 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "-0.39% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "9.85% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "-0.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.35% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -793,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.227 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.776 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -810,19 +810,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "2.7% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.61% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.49% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.2%" + "text": "2.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "2.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "19% (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -831,9 +837,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "43.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "51.3 (2010 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -864,25 +867,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.06% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$622 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.209 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.336 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.228 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.231 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.25 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.11 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.04 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.929 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$2.255 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -892,11 +901,14 @@ "text": "gold, refined petroleum, coffee, tea, tin (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.74 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$3.856 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.34 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.578 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$3.737 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -906,11 +918,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, gold, raw sugar, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$997.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.895 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.104 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.806 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.465 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -925,20 +940,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "988.625 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "943.278 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "899.351 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "861.093 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "839.1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "787.25 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "787.25 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "720.54 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "680.95 (2013 est.)" + "text": "831.554 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 85f81ca8..b80fb4f5 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.9 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.89 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -329,12 +329,12 @@ "text": "6.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "45.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.6% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "45% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -633,37 +633,37 @@ "text": "

Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the high income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourism sector, which directly employs about 26% of the labor force and directly and indirectly accounts for more than 55% of GDP, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and tourism industry services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of the offshore financial, information, and communication sectors and renewable energy.

In 2008, having depleted its foreign exchange reserves, Seychelles defaulted on interest payments due on a $230 million Eurobond, requested assistance from the IMF, and immediately enacted a number of significant structural reforms, including liberalization of the exchange rate, reform of the public sector to include layoffs, and the sale of some state assets. In December 2013, the IMF declared that Seychelles had successfully transitioned to a market-based economy with full employment and a fiscal surplus. However, state-owned enterprises still play a prominent role in the economy. Effective 1 January 2017, Seychelles was no longer eligible for trade benefits under the US African Growth and Opportunities Act after having gained developed country status. Seychelles grew at 5% in 2017 because of a strong tourism sector and low commodity prices. The Seychellois Government met the IMF’s performance criteria for 2017 but recognizes a need to make additional progress to reduce high income inequality, represented by a Gini coefficient of 46.8.

As a very small open economy dependent on tourism, Seychelles remains vulnerable to developments such as economic downturns in countries that supply tourists, natural disasters, and changes in local climatic conditions and ocean temperature. One of the main challenges facing the government is implementing strategies that will increase Seychelles' long-term resilience to climate change without weakening economic growth.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.855 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2.4 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.647 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.69 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.65 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.867 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.86% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.69% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$28,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$24,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$26,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$27,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$27,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$29,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -671,14 +671,14 @@ "text": "$1.748 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "8.28% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.07% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { "text": "3.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ "text": "fishing, tourism, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.63% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "51,000 (2018 est.)" @@ -796,28 +796,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "31.52% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$307 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$154.259 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$286 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$173.236 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$53.115 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.751 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.09 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.24 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.61 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.68 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.085 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -827,14 +830,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fish, recreational boats, cigarettes, animal meal (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.821 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.35 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.332 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.79 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.86 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.025 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -844,11 +847,14 @@ "text": "recreational boats, refined petroleum, fish, aircraft, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$545.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$702.585 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$523.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$559.682 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$580.546 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -863,20 +869,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "16.921 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "17.617 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "14.033 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "13.911 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "13.64 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "13.319 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "13.319 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "13.314 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "12.747 (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.648 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index d38fcda2..e2504121 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "2.18 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.08 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.07 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.6% (2016)" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "6.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "36.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "5.5% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "36.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.9%" @@ -410,13 +410,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "49.6%" + "text": "64.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "45.5%" + "text": "59.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "54.3% (2021 est.)" + "text": "69.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -719,37 +719,37 @@ "text": "

South Africa is a middle-income emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; and a stock exchange that is Africa’s largest and among the top 20 in the world.

 

Economic growth has decelerated in recent years, slowing to an estimated 0.7% in 2017. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality - among the highest in the world - remain a challenge. Official unemployment is roughly 27% of the workforce, and runs significantly higher among black youth. Even though the country's modern infrastructure supports a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, unstable electricity supplies retard growth. Eskom, the state-run power company, is building three new power stations and is installing new power demand management programs to improve power grid reliability but has been plagued with accusations of mismanagement and corruption and faces an increasingly high debt burden.

 

South Africa's economic policy has focused on controlling inflation while empowering a broader economic base; however, the country faces structural constraints that also limit economic growth, such as skills shortages, declining global competitiveness, and frequent work stoppages due to strike action. The government faces growing pressure from urban constituencies to improve the delivery of basic services to low-income areas, to increase job growth, and to provide university level-education at affordable prices. Political infighting among South Africa’s ruling party and the volatility of the rand risks economic growth. International investors are concerned about the country’s long-term economic stability; in late 2016, most major international credit ratings agencies downgraded South Africa’s international debt to junk bond status.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$790.625 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$680.04 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$753.6 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$730.91 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$729.8 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$804.634 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.91% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.34% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.06% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "0.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$11,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$12,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -757,14 +757,14 @@ "text": "$350.032 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.61% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.21% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "4.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.12% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -817,10 +817,10 @@ "text": "mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.12% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "14.687 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "22.398 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -834,22 +834,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "28.53% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "33.56% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "27.09% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "29.22% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "28.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "49.6%" + "text": "64.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "45.5%" + "text": "59.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "54.3% (2021 est.)" + "text": "69.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -858,9 +861,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "63 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "63.4 (2011 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -891,28 +891,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$10.626 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$15.569 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$13.31 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$6.788 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$10.037 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$130.885 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$93.01 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$94.123 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$104.85 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$110.07 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$105.988 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -922,14 +925,14 @@ "text": "gold, platinum, cars, iron products, coal, manganese, diamonds  (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$104.806 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$77.86 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$79.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$103.12 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$108.91 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$103.92 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -939,11 +942,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, gold, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$50.72 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$57.597 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$47.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$55.008 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$55.056 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -958,20 +964,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "14.779 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "14.9575 (2020 est.)" + "text": "16.459 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "14.64 (2019 est.)" + "text": "14.448 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "14.05125 (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.234 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "12.7581 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "10.8469 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "13.324 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1324,7 +1330,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "23,054 (Somalia), 15,629 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 56,080 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "22,388 (Somalia), 15,240 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2022); 56,080 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "5,000 (2020)" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index afb563a9..e315c524 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "text": "4.27 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.08 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.03 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "26.9% (2019)" @@ -369,12 +369,12 @@ "text": "0.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "14.4% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "8.8%" @@ -416,13 +416,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.1%" + "text": "5%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.9%" + "text": "3.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -735,52 +735,52 @@ "text": "

Senegal’s economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fisheries and agriculture, which are the primary sources of employment in rural areas. The country's key export industries include phosphate mining, fertilizer production, agricultural products and commercial fishing and Senegal is also working on oil exploration projects. It relies heavily on donor assistance, remittances and foreign direct investment. Senegal reached a growth rate of 7% in 2017, due in part to strong performance in agriculture despite erratic rainfall.

 

President Macky SALL, who was elected in March 2012 under a reformist policy agenda, inherited an economy with high energy costs, a challenging business environment, and a culture of overspending. President SALL unveiled an ambitious economic plan, the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP), which aims to implement priority economic reforms and investment projects to increase economic growth while preserving macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability. Bureaucratic bottlenecks and a challenging business climate are among the perennial challenges that may slow the implementation of this plan.

 

Senegal receives technical support from the IMF under a Policy Support Instrument (PSI) to assist with implementation of the ESP. The PSI implementation continues to be satisfactory as concluded by the IMF’s fifth review in December 2017. Financial markets have signaled confidence in Senegal through successful Eurobond issuances in 2014, 2017, and 2018.

 

The government is focusing on 19 projects under the ESP to continue The government’s goal under the ESP is structural transformation of the economy. Key projects include the Thiès-Touba Highway, the new international airport opened in December 2017, and upgrades to energy infrastructure. The cost of electricity is a chief constraint for Senegal’s development. Electricity prices in Senegal are among the highest in the world. Power Africa, a US presidential initiative led by USAID, supports Senegal’s plans to improve reliability and increase generating capacity.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$58.991 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$55.26 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$55.618 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$54.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$52.47 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$54.89 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.33% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.61% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$3,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$3,400 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$23.576 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.55% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.8% (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.76% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.46% (2018 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -830,10 +830,10 @@ "text": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.91% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.966 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.377 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -847,19 +847,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2007": { - "text": "48% (2007 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.72% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.62% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.86% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.1%" + "text": "5%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.9%" + "text": "3.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -898,25 +904,28 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.38% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$2.215 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.547 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "-$1.526 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$769 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "-$795.648 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5.29 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.287 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$2.498 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2017": { + "text": "$4.593 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -929,8 +938,8 @@ "Imports 2018": { "text": "$8.96 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$4.966 billion (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2017": { + "text": "$7.499 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -959,20 +968,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "617.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 6d8445c0..47ac8b52 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.78 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.78 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 66b4300b..be4854fb 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "3.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.87 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.83 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "21.2% (2019)" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "6.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "13.5% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "8.6%" @@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.6%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.9%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -697,52 +697,52 @@ "text": "

Sierra Leone is extremely poor and nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. The country possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but it is still recovering from a civil war that destroyed most institutions before ending in the early 2000s.

 

In recent years, economic growth has been driven by mining - particularly iron ore. The country’s principal exports are iron ore, diamonds, and rutile, and the economy is vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices. Until 2014, the government had relied on external assistance to support its budget, but it was gradually becoming more independent. The Ebola outbreak of 2014 and 2015, combined with falling global commodities prices, caused a significant contraction of economic activity in all areas. While the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone in November 2015, low commodity prices in 2015-2016 contributed to the country’s biggest fiscal shortfall since 2001. In 2017, increased iron ore exports, together with the end of the Ebola epidemic, supported a resumption of economic growth.

 

Continued economic growth will depend on rising commodities prices and increased efforts to diversify the sources of growth. Non-mining activities will remain constrained by inadequate infrastructure, such as power and roads, even though power sector projects may provide some additional electricity capacity in the near term. Pervasive corruption and undeveloped human capital will continue to deter foreign investors. Sustained international donor support in the near future will partially offset these fiscal constraints.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$13.597 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$13.15 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13.061 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$13.44 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$12.72 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13.323 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.1% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.97% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-20.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.25% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$1,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$1,700 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,700 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$4.132 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "11.87% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "13.45% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "14.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "16% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "18.2% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -783,10 +783,10 @@ "text": "diamond mining; iron ore, rutile and bauxite mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, footwear)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.41% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "132,000 (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.858 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -800,22 +800,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "15% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.33% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "17.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.2% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.65% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.6%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.9%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -824,9 +827,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "35.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1989": { - "text": "62.9 (1989)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -863,19 +863,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$407 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$275.638 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$88 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$583.555 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$504.851 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$700.971 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$740 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.06 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$720 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$963.948 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -885,11 +891,14 @@ "text": "titanium, lumber, diamonds, aluminum, cocoa beans (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$1.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.82 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.818 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.594 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -899,11 +908,14 @@ "text": "rice, plastics, packaged medicines, sauces/seasonings, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$478 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$945.908 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$497.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$707.704 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$530.138 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -918,20 +930,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "leones (SLL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "10,439.425 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "9,829.927 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "9,010.221 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "7,931.632 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "7,396.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "6,289.9 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "6,289.9 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "5,080.8 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "4,524.2 (2013 est.)" + "text": "7,384.432 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index e77deef4..05b5e766 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "text": "5.31 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.62 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.57 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "6.9% (2018/19)" @@ -348,12 +348,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "23% (2009)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "16.8%" @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "33.8%" + "text": "34.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "31.9%" + "text": "32.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "36.7% (2019)" + "text": "38.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -671,37 +671,37 @@ "text": "

Despite the lack of effective national governance, Somalia maintains an informal economy largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Somalia's government lacks the ability to collect domestic revenue and external debt – mostly in arrears – was estimated at about 77% of GDP in 2017.

 

Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and more than 50% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-pastoralists, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Economic activity is estimated to have increased by 2.4% in 2017 because of growth in the agriculture, construction and telecommunications sector. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and the machinery sold as scrap metal.

 

In recent years, Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu, has witnessed the development of the city's first gas stations, supermarkets, and airline flights to Turkey since the collapse of central authority in 1991. Mogadishu's main market offers a variety of goods from food to electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate and are supported with private-security militias. Formalized economic growth has yet to expand outside of Mogadishu and a few regional capitals, and within the city, security concerns dominate business. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money transfer/remittance services have sprouted throughout the country, handling up to $1.6 billion in remittances annually, although international concerns over the money transfers into Somalia continues to threaten these services’ ability to operate in Western nations. In 2017, Somalia elected a new president and collected a record amount of foreign aid and investment, a positive sign for economic recovery.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$19.399 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$13.19 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$18.644 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$13.39 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$13.01 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$18.191 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "2.49% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.46% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ "text": "3.5% (2014 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.154 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "3.042 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -771,17 +771,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "19.86% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "19.72% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "18.83% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "33.8%" + "text": "34.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "31.9%" + "text": "32.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "36.7% (2019)" + "text": "38.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -815,7 +824,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "2.1% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" + "text": "0% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 49c85add..b000d4ad 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "4.6 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.24 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.21 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "12.2% (2014)" @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "1.63 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "33% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "32.6%" + "text": "35.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "30.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "43.5% (2011 est.)" + "text": "45.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -707,37 +707,37 @@ "text": "

Sudan has experienced protracted social conflict and the loss of three quarters of its oil production due to the secession of South Sudan. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of rising oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Since the economic shock of South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to stabilize its economy and make up for the loss of foreign exchange earnings. The interruption of oil production in South Sudan in 2012 for over a year and the consequent loss of oil transit fees further exacerbated the fragile state of Sudan’s economy. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture, keep close to half of the population at or below the poverty line.

Sudan was subject to comprehensive US sanctions, which were lifted in October 2017. Sudan is attempting to develop non-oil sources of revenues, such as gold mining and agriculture, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. The world’s largest exporter of gum Arabic, Sudan produces 75-80% of the world’s total output. Agriculture continues to employ 80% of the work force.

Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces high inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012 but fell to about 35% per year in 2017.

(2017)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$168.98 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$176.4 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$172.198 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$179.2 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$181.61 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$178.684 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-1.87% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.63% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-2.18% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -745,14 +745,14 @@ "text": "$24.918 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "382.82% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "150.32% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "50.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "62.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "32.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "50.99% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -793,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly, milling" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.7% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "11.92 million (2007 est.)" + "text": "12.921 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -810,22 +810,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "19.6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "19.81% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "20.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "19.65% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "17.65% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "32.6%" + "text": "35.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "30.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "43.5% (2011 est.)" + "text": "45.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -864,25 +867,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.39% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$4.811 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.886 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$4.213 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$5.841 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$4.78 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.11 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$5.916 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$5.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$5.101 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -892,11 +901,14 @@ "text": "gold, crude petroleum, sesame seeds, sheep, goats, cotton, ground nuts (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.79 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$9.788 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$8.24 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$10.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$9.787 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -907,7 +919,7 @@ }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$198 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "text": "$177.934 million (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { "text": "$168.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)" @@ -925,20 +937,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "53.996 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "45.767 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "24.329 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "6.72 (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.683 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "6.14 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "6.14 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.03 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "5.74 (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.212 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index be682527..d51a60ff 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "4.23 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.08 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.06 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "23.9% (2017)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "15.2% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "6.4%" @@ -407,13 +407,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "male": { "text": "12.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -720,52 +720,52 @@ "text": "

Togo has enjoyed a period of steady economic growth fueled by political stability and a concerted effort by the government to modernize the country’s commercial infrastructure, but discontent with President Faure GNASSINGBE has led to a rapid rise in protests, creating downside risks. The country completed an ambitious large-scale infrastructure improvement program, including new principal roads, a new airport terminal, and a new seaport. The economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, providing employment for around 60% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton and other agricultural products generate about 20% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves, which provide more than 20% of export earnings.

 

Supported by the World Bank and the IMF, the government's decade-long effort to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a Heavily Indebted Poor Country debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms, and in January 2017, the IMF signed an Extended Credit Facility arrangement consisting of a three-year $238 million loan package. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased transparency in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.

 

Togo’s 2017 economic growth probably remained steady at 5.0%, largely driven by infusions of foreign aid, infrastructure investment in its port and mineral industry, and improvements in the business climate. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed in recent years.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$18.369 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$17.45 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$17.451 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$17.15 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$16.26 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.26% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.75% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.46% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$2,100 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.232 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.83% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.69% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.93% (2018 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -815,10 +815,10 @@ "text": "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.32% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.595 million (2007 est.)" + "text": "2.965 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -832,19 +832,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.94% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.72% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "male": { "text": "12.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -883,25 +889,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.16% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$383 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$20.738 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$416 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$55.444 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$184.852 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.722 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.67 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.665 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.7 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.703 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -911,11 +923,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, electricity, calcium phosphates, cotton (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$2.389 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2.26 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.261 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.33 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.329 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -944,20 +959,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "617.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 618f603e..e1b053a0 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "3.56 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.76 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.69 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "49.7% (2019)" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "1.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "5.4% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "5.4%" @@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "22.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "18% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "(2012 est.) NA" + "text": "34.3% (2021 est.) NA" } } }, @@ -667,38 +667,38 @@ "text": "

The economy of São Tomé and Príncipe is small, based mainly on agricultural production, and, since independence in 1975, increasingly dependent on the export of cocoa beans. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome depends heavily on imports of food, fuels, most manufactured goods, and consumer goods, and changes in commodity prices affect the country’s inflation rate. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the nascent oil sector are major economic problems facing the country. In recent years the government has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. In 2017, several business-related laws were enacted that aim to improve the business climate.

 

São Tomé and Príncipe has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. In April 2011, the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. In 2016, Sao Tome and Portugal signed a five-year cooperation agreement worth approximately $64 million, some of which will be provided as loans. In 2017, China and São Tomé signed a mutual cooperation agreement in areas such as infrastructure, health, and agriculture worth approximately $146 million over five years.

 

Considerable potential exists for development of tourism, and the government has taken steps to expand tourist facilities in recent years. Potential also exists for the development of petroleum resources in São Tomé and Príncipe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, some of which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but production is at least several years off.

 

Volatile aid and investment inflows have limited growth, and poverty remains high. Restricteded capacity at the main port increases the periodic risk of shortages of consumer goods. Contract enforcement in the country’s judicial system is difficult. The IMF in late 2016 expressed concern about vulnerabilities in the country’s banking sector, although the country plans some austerity measures in line with IMF recommendations under their three year extended credit facility. Deforestation, coastal erosion, poor waste management, and misuse of natural resources also are challenging issues.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$904.057 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$890 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$887.393 million (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$860 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$840 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$861.341 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.88% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.02% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.21% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$4,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$4,000 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,000 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "7.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.86% (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -750,10 +750,10 @@ "text": "light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.44% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "72,600 (2017 est.)" + "text": "71,400 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -767,22 +767,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "12.2% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "15.91% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "12.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "15.75% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "14.14% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "22.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "18% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "(2012 est.) NA" + "text": "34.3% (2021 est.) NA" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -791,9 +794,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "56.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2000": { - "text": "32.1 (2000 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -830,22 +830,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$32 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$95.248 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$23 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$59.595 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$90.026 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$75.256 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$50 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$49.337 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$70 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$100 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$72.594 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -855,14 +858,14 @@ "text": "gas turbines, cocoa beans, aircraft parts, iron products, chocolate (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$201.145 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$160 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$160.097 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$190 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$200 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$189.63 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -872,11 +875,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, rice, flavored water, postage stamps (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$58.95 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$75.288 million (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$61.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$47.148 million (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$43.684 million (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -891,20 +897,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "21.507 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "21.885 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "20.751 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "22,689 (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.741 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "21,797 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "22,149 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "22,091 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "18,466 (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.149 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 1474a377..575adb86 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ "text": "2 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.95 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "50.7% (2018)" @@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ "text": "2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.6% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, @@ -379,13 +379,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "34.9%" + "text": "38.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.8%" + "text": "37.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "37.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "41.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -670,37 +670,37 @@ "text": "

Tunisia's economy – structurally designed to favor vested interests – faced an array of challenges exposed by the 2008 global financial crisis that helped precipitate the 2011 Arab Spring revolution. After the revolution and a series of terrorist attacks, including on the country’s tourism sector, barriers to economic inclusion continued to add to slow economic growth and high unemployment.

 

Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia's main economic partner, the EU. Tunisia's strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improved living standards. Former President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (1987-2011) continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance, unemployment rose, and the informal economy grew. Tunisia’s economy became less and less inclusive. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, further depressing Tunisia's economy as tourism and investment declined sharply.

 

Tunisia’s government remains under pressure to boost economic growth quickly to mitigate chronic socio-economic challenges, especially high levels of youth unemployment, which has persisted since the 2011 revolution. Successive terrorist attacks against the tourism sector and worker strikes in the phosphate sector, which combined account for nearly 15% of GDP, slowed growth from 2015 to 2017. Tunis is seeking increased foreign investment and working with the IMF through an Extended Fund Facility agreement to fix fiscal deficiencies.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$127.509 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$114.97 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$122.226 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$125.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$124.48 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$133.757 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.32% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.62% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$10,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$9,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$10,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$11,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -708,14 +708,14 @@ "text": "$38.884 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.71% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.63% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "6.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "7.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.72% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -768,10 +768,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.054 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.226 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -785,22 +785,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "16.82% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "15.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "16.59% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "15.13% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "34.9%" + "text": "38.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.8%" + "text": "37.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "37.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "41.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -809,9 +812,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "32.8 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "41.7 (1995 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -848,19 +848,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$4.191 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.781 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$3.694 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.533 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.391 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$19.17 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$19.743 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$19.42 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$16.017 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$19.175 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -870,11 +876,14 @@ "text": "insulated wiring, clothing and apparel, crude petroleum, olive oil, vehicle parts (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$23.42 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$24.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$24.65 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$19.603 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$23.546 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -884,11 +893,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, natural gas, low-voltage protection equipment, cars, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$5.594 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$8.846 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$5.941 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$9.811 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.92 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -903,20 +915,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.794 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "2.71795 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.812 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "2.8518 (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.934 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "2.95875 (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.647 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.9617 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.6976 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "2.419 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 9b1fa1f3..b144e179 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ "text": "4.39 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.16 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.13 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "38.4% (2015/16)" @@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ "text": "3.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "14.6% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "5.2%" @@ -421,13 +421,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "4.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.9%" + "text": "3.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.9% (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -741,37 +741,37 @@ "text": "

Tanzania has achieved high growth rates based on its vast natural resource wealth and tourism with GDP growth in 2009-17 averaging 6%-7% per year. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus measures and easier monetary policies to lessen the impact of the global recession and in general, benefited from low oil prices. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining.

 

The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for slightly less than one-quarter of GDP and employs about 65% of the work force, although gold production in recent years has increased to about 35% of exports. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular.

 

The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry's total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. Banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment.

 

The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging infrastructure, including rail and port, which provide important trade links for inland countries. In 2013, Tanzania completed the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) grant, worth $698 million, but in late 2015, the MCC Board of Directors deferred a decision to renew Tanzania’s eligibility because of irregularities in voting in Zanzibar and concerns over the government's use of a controversial cybercrime bill.

 

The new government elected in 2015 has developed an ambitious development agenda focused on creating a better business environment through improved infrastructure, access to financing, and education progress, but implementing budgets remains challenging for the government. Recent policy moves by President MAGUFULI are aimed at protecting domestic industry and have caused concern among foreign investors.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$159.326 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$152.79 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$152.788 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$149.79 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$141.59 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$149.798 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.28% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "6.98% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "6.95% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.78% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.8% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -779,14 +779,14 @@ "text": "$60.633 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.69% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.29% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.46% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -833,10 +833,10 @@ "text": "agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "12% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "24.89 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "29.863 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -850,19 +850,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "10.3% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.65% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.53% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "4.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.9%" + "text": "3.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.9% (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -871,9 +877,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "40.5 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2000": { - "text": "34.6 (2000)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -904,25 +907,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.7% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.122 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$1.313 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "-$1.512 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$1.898 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "-$2.262 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$8.555 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$9.66 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.659 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$8.46 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.307 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -932,11 +941,14 @@ "text": "gold, tobacco, cashews, sesame seeds, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$9.181 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$10.36 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$10.576 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$10.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$10.399 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -946,8 +958,11 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, palm oil, packaged medicines, cars, wheat (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$5.05 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$5.301 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "text": "$5.888 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { "text": "$4.067 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" @@ -966,20 +981,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2,297.764 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "2,319 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2,294.146 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "2,300 (2019 est.)" + "text": "2,288.207 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "2,299.155 (2018 est.)" + "text": "2,263.782 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,989.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1,654 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "2,228.857 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 22fe99d1..4bb868d3 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "5.36 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.64 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.59 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "50.2% (2021)" @@ -357,12 +357,12 @@ "text": "3.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "58.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "10.4% (2016)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7.3%" @@ -393,13 +393,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.8%" + "text": "4.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "5.6%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -707,37 +707,37 @@ "text": "

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, substantial reserves of recoverable oil, and small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, employing 72% of the work force. The country’s export market suffered a major slump following the outbreak of conflict in South Sudan, but has recovered lately, largely due to record coffee harvests, which account for 16% of exports, and increasing gold exports, which account for 10% of exports. Uganda has a small industrial sector that is dependent on imported inputs such as refined oil and heavy equipment. Overall, productivity is hampered by a number of supply-side constraints, including insufficient infrastructure, lack of modern technology in agriculture, and corruption.

 

Uganda’s economic growth has slowed since 2016 as government spending and public debt has grown. Uganda’s budget is dominated by energy and road infrastructure spending, while Uganda relies on donor support for long-term drivers of growth, including agriculture, health, and education. The largest infrastructure projects are externally financed through concessional loans, but at inflated costs. As a result, debt servicing for these loans is expected to rise.

 

Oil revenues and taxes are expected to become a larger source of government funding as oil production starts in the next three to 10 years. Over the next three to five years, foreign investors are planning to invest $9 billion in production facilities projects, $4 billion in an export pipeline, as well as in a $2-3 billion refinery to produce petroleum products for the domestic and East African Community markets. Furthermore, the government is looking to build several hundred million dollars’ worth of highway projects to the oil region.

 

Uganda faces many economic challenges. Instability in South Sudan has led to a sharp increase in Sudanese refugees and is disrupting Uganda's main export market. Additional economic risks include: poor economic management, endemic corruption, and the government’s failure to invest adequately in the health, education, and economic opportunities for a burgeoning young population. Uganda has one of the lowest electrification rates in Africa - only 22% of Ugandans have access to electricity, dropping to 10% in rural areas.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$103.007 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$99.61 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$99.488 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$96.84 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$90.67 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$96.636 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.54% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "2.95% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -745,14 +745,14 @@ "text": "$34.683 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.2% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.31% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.87% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -805,10 +805,10 @@ "text": "sugar processing, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.47% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "15.84 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "16.995 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -822,19 +822,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "9.4% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.94% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.77% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.92% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.8%" + "text": "4.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "5.6%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -843,9 +849,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "42.8 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2002": { - "text": "45.7 (2002)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -868,36 +871,42 @@ "text": "-4.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "40% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "44.19% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "38.48% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "34.67% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.39% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.212 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$3.553 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$707 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$3.552 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$2.508 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$6.177 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$5.562 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$6.12 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5.63 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$5.958 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$6.172 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -907,14 +916,14 @@ "text": "gold, coffee, milk, fish and fish products, tobacco (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$10.705 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$10.197 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.54 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$8.65 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$7.44 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$9.795 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -924,11 +933,11 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, aircraft, delivery trucks, cars, wheat (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.654 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$3.359 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.034 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$3.721 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes gold" }, @@ -947,20 +956,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3,587.052 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3,680 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3,718.249 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3,685 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3,704.049 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3,735 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3,727.069 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3,234.1 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2,599.8 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3,611.224 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1281,7 +1290,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "845,711 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 473,529 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 61,482 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,311 (Burundi), 26,671 (Eritrea), 23,251 (Rwanda), 5,317 (Ethiopia) (2022)" + "text": "854,268 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 473,529 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 61,563 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,311 (Burundi), 26,671 (Eritrea), 23,251 (Rwanda), 5,317 (Ethiopia) (2022)" } } } diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index d6877c64..ce03f8aa 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "4.27 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.04 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "35.3% (2020/21)" @@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ "text": "6.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "73.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.4% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "73.5% (2023)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -394,13 +394,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.6%" + "text": "7.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.4% (2018)" + "text": "8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -716,37 +716,37 @@ "text": "

Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. Irregular patterns of rainfall, poor soil, and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base.

 

Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso’s key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country’s total export revenues. Burkina Faso’s economic growth and revenue depends largely on production levels and global prices for the two commodities. The country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports.

 

In 2016, the government adopted a new development strategy, set forth in the 2016-2020 National Plan for Economic and Social Development, that aims to reduce poverty, build human capital, and to satisfy basic needs. A new three-year IMF program (2018-2020), approved in 2018, will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments.

 

While the end of the political crisis has allowed Burkina Faso’s economy to resume positive growth, the country’s fragile security situation could put these gains at risk. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$48.175 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$45.16 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$45.063 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$44.27 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$41.88 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$44.209 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.91% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.93% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -754,14 +754,14 @@ "text": "$14.271 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.65% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.88% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-3.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-3.23% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -808,10 +808,10 @@ "text": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.73% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.501 million (2016 est.)", + "text": "8.016 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -823,30 +823,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2004": { - "text": "77% (2004)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.76% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.89% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.6%" + "text": "7.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.4% (2018)" + "text": "8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "41.4% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "35.3 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": { - "text": "48.2 (1994)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "47.3 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -869,33 +872,42 @@ "text": "-7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "38.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "72.53% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "38.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "46.64% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "45.57% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.28% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.019 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$743.232 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$820 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$523.837 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$664.797 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$5.356 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$4.47 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$4.468 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.51 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4.511 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -906,14 +918,14 @@ "text": "gold, cotton, zinc, cashews, sesame seeds (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$4.779 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$5.02 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.023 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$5.17 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$5.3 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$5.167 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -942,20 +954,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "585.911 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "555.446 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)" + "text": "580.657 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 823188f3..82cac569 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "2.98 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.47 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.45 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "56.1% (2013)" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "33.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "13.2% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "33.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "9.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "38%" + "text": "40.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "37.5%" + "text": "39.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "38.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -708,37 +708,37 @@ "text": "

Namibia’s economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for about 12.5% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Marine diamond mining is increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. The rising cost of mining diamonds, especially from the sea, combined with increased diamond production in Russia and China, has reduced profit margins. Namibian authorities have emphasized the need to add value to raw materials, do more in-country manufacturing, and exploit the services market, especially in the logistics and transportation sectors.

 

Namibia is one of the world’s largest producers of uranium. The Chinese-owned Husab uranium mine began producing uranium ore in 2017, and is expected to reach full production in August 2018 and produce 15 million pounds of uranium a year. Namibia also produces large quantities of zinc and is a smaller producer of gold and copper. Namibia's economy remains vulnerable to world commodity price fluctuations and drought.

 

Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years, food shortages are problematic in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, obscures one of the world's most unequal income distributions; the current government has prioritized exploring wealth redistribution schemes while trying to maintain a pro-business environment. GDP growth in 2017 slowed to about 1%, however, due to contractions in both the construction and mining sectors, as well as an ongoing drought. Growth is expected to recover modestly in 2018.

 

A five-year Millennium Challenge Corporation compact ended in September 2014. As an upper middle income country, Namibia is ineligible for a second compact. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Namibia receives 30%-40% of its revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU); volatility in the size of Namibia's annual SACU allotment and global mineral prices complicates budget planning.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$23.12 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$22.6 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$22.522 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$24.56 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$24.71 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$24.49 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.66% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.04% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "-1.56% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.13% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-1.02% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$9,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$8,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$9,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$9,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$10,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -746,14 +746,14 @@ "text": "$12.372 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.62% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.21% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.72% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -803,10 +803,10 @@ "text": "meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products, pasta, beverages; mining (diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.44% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "956,800 (2017 est.)" + "text": "939,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -821,22 +821,25 @@ "note": "note: about half of Namibia's people are unemployed while about two-thirds live in rural areas; roughly two-thirds of rural dwellers rely on subsistence agriculture" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "34% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "21.68% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "28.1% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "21.45% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "19.99% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "38%" + "text": "40.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "37.5%" + "text": "39.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "38.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -845,9 +848,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "59.1 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": { - "text": "70.7 (2003)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -870,36 +870,42 @@ "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "41.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "4.64% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "5.49% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "5.44% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "31.17% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$216 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.21 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$465 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$270.277 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$222.969 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.955 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$3.56 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.565 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$4.56 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.95 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.581 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -909,14 +915,14 @@ "text": "copper, diamonds, uranium, thorium, gold, radioactive chemicals, fish (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$6.055 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$4.54 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.614 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$5.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.33 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.808 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -926,11 +932,14 @@ "text": "copper, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, diamonds, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.432 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.764 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.834 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.171 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.049 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -945,20 +954,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "14.779 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "16.463 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "14.449 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "13.234 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "13.67 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "14.7096 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "14.7096 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "12.7589 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "10.8526 (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.313 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index 33338397..7e72ae62 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "text": "2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.2 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.19 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.1% (2014)" @@ -341,12 +341,12 @@ "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "37.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "5.8% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "37.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -377,13 +377,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "47.1%" + "text": "50.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "44.2%" + "text": "47.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "50% (2016)" + "text": "54.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -669,37 +669,37 @@ "text": "

A small, landlocked kingdom, Eswatini is bordered in the north, west and south by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the east. Eswatini depends on South Africa for a majority of its exports and imports. Eswatini's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively relinquishing Eswatini's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for almost half of its revenue. Eswatini is a lower middle income country. As of 2017, more than one-quarter of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS; Eswatini has the world’s highest HIV prevalence rate, a financial strain and source of economic instability.

 

The manufacturing sector diversified in the 1980s and 1990s, but manufacturing has grown little in the last decade. Sugar and soft drink concentrate are the largest foreign exchange earners, although a drought in 2015-16 decreased sugar production and exports. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods are persistent problems. Mining has declined in importance in recent years. Coal, gold, diamond, and quarry stone mines are small scale, and the only iron ore mine closed in 2014. With an estimated 28% unemployment rate, Eswatini's need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and to attract foreign direct investment is acute.

 

Eswatini's national development strategy, which expires in 2022, prioritizes increases in infrastructure, agriculture production, and economic diversification, while aiming to reduce poverty and government spending. Eswatini's revenue from SACU receipts are likely to continue to decline as South Africa pushes for a new distribution scheme, making it harder for the government to maintain fiscal balance without introducing new sources of revenue.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$10.56 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$9.74 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$9.788 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$9.9 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$9.68 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$9.943 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.88% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.56% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$8,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$8,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$8,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$8,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -707,11 +707,14 @@ "text": "$4.484 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "7.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "4.82% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "6.22% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -758,10 +761,10 @@ "text": "soft drink concentrates, coal, forestry, sugar processing, textiles, and apparel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.38% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "427,900 (2016 est.)" + "text": "383,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -775,22 +778,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "28% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "25.76% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "28% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "25.51% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "22.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "47.1%" + "text": "50.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "44.2%" + "text": "47.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "50% (2016)" + "text": "54.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -835,22 +841,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$604 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$124.463 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$642 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$270.942 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$176.144 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.132 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.81 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.808 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.07 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.9 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.048 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -860,14 +869,14 @@ "text": "soft drink concentrates, sugar, timber, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus, and canned fruit" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$2.173 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.7 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.686 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.93 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.07 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.924 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -877,11 +886,14 @@ "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$563.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$572,281,500 (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$564.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$545,564,200 (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$440,314,200 (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -896,20 +908,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "emalangeni per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "14.783 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "16.47 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "14.452 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "13.234 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "14.44 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "14.6924 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "14.6924 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "12.7581 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "10.8469 (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.324 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index a101e98c..fab609c8 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "4.56 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.25 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.25 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "49.6% (2018)" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "3.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.8% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "5.2%" @@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.4%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -712,37 +712,37 @@ "text": "

Zambia had one of the world’s fastest growing economies for the ten years up to 2014, with real GDP growth averaging roughly 6.7% per annum, though growth slowed during the period 2015 to 2017, due to falling copper prices, reduced power generation, and depreciation of the kwacha. Zambia’s lack of economic diversification and dependency on copper as its sole major export makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in the world commodities market and prices turned downward in 2015 due to declining demand from China; Zambia was overtaken by the Democratic Republic of Congo as Africa’s largest copper producer. GDP growth picked up in 2017 as mineral prices rose.

 

Despite recent strong economic growth and its status as a lower middle-income country, widespread and extreme rural poverty and high unemployment levels remain significant problems, made worse by a high birth rate, a relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, by market-distorting agricultural and energy policies, and growing government debt. Zambia raised $7 billion from international investors by issuing separate sovereign bonds in 2012, 2014, and 2015. Concurrently, it issued over $4 billion in domestic debt and agreed to Chinese-financed infrastructure projects, significantly increasing the country’s public debt burden to more than 60% of GDP. The government has considered refinancing $3 billion worth of Eurobonds and significant Chinese loans to cut debt servicing costs.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$63.03 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$60.12 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$60.259 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$61.99 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$61.1 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$61.986 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.6% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.79% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$3,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -750,14 +750,14 @@ "text": "$25.71 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "22.02% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "15.73% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "9.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "7.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.15% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ "text": "copper mining and processing, emerald mining, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.18% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.898 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.113 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -827,22 +827,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "15% (2008 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.03% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2000": { - "text": "50% (2000 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "12.85% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "12.52% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.4%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -851,9 +854,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "57.1 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2004": { - "text": "50.8 (2004)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -876,36 +876,42 @@ "text": "-7.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "63.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "103.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "60.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "61.93% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "59.71% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.44% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.006 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.531 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$934 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$961.821 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$140.712 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$11.716 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$8.55 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.558 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$8.26 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$9.98 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.258 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -915,14 +921,14 @@ "text": "copper, gold, gemstones, sulfuric acid, raw sugar, tobacco (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$7.701 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$5.92 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.049 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$8.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$10.19 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.036 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -932,11 +938,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, delivery trucks, gold, fertilizers (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.082 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.754 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.353 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.203 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.449 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -951,20 +960,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "20.018 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "21.065 (2020 est.)" + "text": "18.344 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "15.3736 (2019 est.)" + "text": "12.89 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "11.855 (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.458 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "8.6 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.2 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "9.518 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 24c314f8..76184f89 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "3.89 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.92 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.91 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.8% (2015)" @@ -357,12 +357,12 @@ "text": "1.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "9.7% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "5.4%" @@ -404,13 +404,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "7.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.2%" + "text": "6.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.8% (2019 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -718,37 +718,37 @@ "text": "

Zimbabwe's economy depends heavily on its mining and agriculture sectors. Following a contraction from 1998 to 2008, the economy recorded real growth of more than 10% per year in the period 2010-13, before falling below 3% in the period 2014-17, due to poor harvests, low diamond revenues, and decreased investment. Lower mineral prices, infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, a poor investment climate, a large public and external debt burden, and extremely high government wage expenses impede the country’s economic performance.

 

Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Adoption of a multi-currency basket in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - reduced inflation below 10% per year. In January 2015, as part of the government’s effort to boost trade and attract foreign investment, the RBZ announced that the Chinese renmimbi, Indian rupee, Australian dollar, and Japanese yen would be accepted as legal tender in Zimbabwe, though transactions were predominantly carried out in US dollars and South African rand until 2016, when the rand’s devaluation and instability led to near-exclusive use of the US dollar. The government in November 2016 began releasing bond notes, a parallel currency legal only in Zimbabwe which the government claims will have a one-to-one exchange ratio with the US dollar, to ease cash shortages. Bond notes began trading at a discount of up to 10% in the black market by the end of 2016.

 

Zimbabwe’s government entered a second Staff Monitored Program with the IMF in 2014 and undertook other measures to reengage with international financial institutions. Zimbabwe repaid roughly $108 million in arrears to the IMF in October 2016, but financial observers note that Zimbabwe is unlikely to gain new financing because the government has not disclosed how it plans to repay more than $1.7 billion in arrears to the World Bank and African Development Bank. International financial institutions want Zimbabwe to implement significant fiscal and structural reforms before granting new loans. Foreign and domestic investment continues to be hindered by the lack of land tenure and titling, the inability to repatriate dividends to investors overseas, and the lack of clarity regarding the government’s Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$33.829 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$40.79 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$31.188 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$44.34 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$48.25 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$33.832 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.47% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.82% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-6.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -756,14 +756,14 @@ "text": "$21.441 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "98.55% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "557.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "241.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "255.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -804,10 +804,10 @@ "text": "mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.37% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.907 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.916 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -821,23 +821,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "11.3% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.17% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2005": { - "text": "80% (2005 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.35% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.83% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data include both unemployment and underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "7.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.2%" + "text": "6.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.8% (2019 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -846,9 +849,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "44.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2006": { - "text": "50.1 (2006)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -879,25 +879,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.21% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$716 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$1.096 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$553 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$920.472 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$1.38 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.422 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$5.263 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$6.252 billion (2017 est.)" + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$5.267 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2018": { + "text": "$5.178 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -907,11 +913,14 @@ "text": "gold, tobacco, iron alloys, nickel, diamonds, jewelry (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$7.215 billion (2018 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$5.489 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$9.658 billion (2017 est.)" + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$5.398 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2018": { + "text": "$7.642 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -921,11 +930,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, delivery trucks, packaged medicines, fertilizers, tractors (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$431.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$838.78 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$407.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$33.405 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$151.241 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -940,18 +952,18 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "88.552 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "82.3138 (2020 est.)" + "text": "51.329 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "16.44579 (2019 est.)" + "text": "16.446 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "322.355 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2010": { - "text": "234.25 (2010)" - }, "note": "note: the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index cd532a6f..a944464b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ "text": "2.21 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.07 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.04 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -283,12 +283,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -504,14 +504,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-1.87% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "5.07% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index bd7e563a..03f693c5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.84 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.84 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.9% (2015/16)", @@ -357,12 +357,12 @@ "text": "11.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -390,13 +390,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -700,37 +700,37 @@ "text": "

Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the WTO, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia’s free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, and India.

 

Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas Project, will significantly expand the resources sector.

 

For nearly two decades up till 2017, Australia had benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade. As export prices increased faster than import prices, the economy experienced continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system. Australia entered 2018 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by the sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China is growing at a slower pace and sharp drops in export prices have impacted growth.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.279 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,250,900,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.251 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,254,480,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,227,940,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.251 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.24% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.05% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.84% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.77% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.45% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.17% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$49,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$48,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$49,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$49,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$49,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -738,14 +738,14 @@ "text": "$1,390,790,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.86% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.85% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.61% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ "text": "mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.55% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.568 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "13.786 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -815,30 +815,30 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.46% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "5.16% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.29% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "34.4 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": { - "text": "35.2 (1994)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "34.3 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -861,36 +861,42 @@ "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "40.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "69.41% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "40.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "60.25% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "54.49% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.61% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$8.146 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$56.261 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$29.777 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$35.601 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$7.658 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$389.794 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$299.04 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$300.77 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$342.43 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$327.32 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$342.485 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -901,14 +907,14 @@ "text": "iron ore, coal, natural gas, gold, aluminum oxide (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$298.712 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$249.07 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$250.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$295.46 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$310.23 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$295.504 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -918,11 +924,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$66.58 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$57.878 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$55.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$42.545 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$57.995 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -937,20 +946,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.34048 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1.46402 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1.38552 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.338 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3291 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.1094 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1.305 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1200,16 +1209,16 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "33,011 km (2015)" + "text": "36,064 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified" }, "standard gauge": { - "text": "17,446 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (650 km electrified)" + "text": "18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm" }, "narrow gauge": { - "text": "12,318 km (2015) 1.067-m gauge (2,075.5 km electrified)" + "text": "11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm" }, "broad gauge": { - "text": "3,247 km (2015) 1.600-m gauge (372 km electrified)" + "text": "2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -1303,7 +1312,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "12,701 (Iran), 10,108 (Afghanistan), 5,400 (Pakistan) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "12,180 (Iran), 8,741 (Afghanistan), 5,042 (Pakistan) (mid-year 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "5,770 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 6c4c5fc9..69724744 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "2.87 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.4 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.38 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.3% (2015)" @@ -342,12 +342,12 @@ "text": "19.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "64.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.2% (2015)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "64.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "12.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.3%" + "text": "1.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "1.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "1.6% (2013)" + "text": "2.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -633,37 +633,37 @@ "text": "The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closure of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts, which concluded in Jun 2017, to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds." }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.703 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.71 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.707 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.76 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.766 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-0.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.38% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -671,11 +671,14 @@ "text": "$1.298 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "-0.12% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.96% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.63% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -722,10 +725,10 @@ "text": "fish (tuna), mining, timber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-3.84% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "202,500 (2007 est.)" + "text": "366,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -739,17 +742,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.03% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "0.92% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.75% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.3%" + "text": "1.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "1.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "1.6% (2013)" + "text": "2.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -780,36 +792,42 @@ "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "9.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "11.46% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "7.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "7.74% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "7.69% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "41% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.05% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$54 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$78.192 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$49 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$25.06 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$153.998 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$413.657 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$430 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$428.834 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$590 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$680 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$591.293 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -819,14 +837,14 @@ "text": "lumber, fish, aluminum, palm oil, cocoa beans (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$619.46 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$560 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$556.26 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$750 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$750 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$752.909 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -836,11 +854,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fish, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment, excavation machinery (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$0 (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$694.515 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$421 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$660.996 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$571.632 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -855,20 +876,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.03 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "8.06126 (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.213 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "8.10373 (2019 est.)" + "text": "8.173 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "8.01282 (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.953 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "7.9147 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "7.3754 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "7.887 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index b9522e61..1dbb73e2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "text": "2.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.21 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.2 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -426,16 +426,16 @@ "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Governor Ralph TORRES (since 29 December 2015); Lieutenant Governor Victor HOCOG (since 29 December 2015)" + "text": "Governor Arnold PALACIOS (since 9 January 2023); Lieutenant Governor David APATANG (since 9 January 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Northern Mariana Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; election last held on 13 November 2018 (next to be held in 8 November 2022)" + "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Northern Mariana Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; election last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Ralph TORRES elected governor; percent of vote - Ralph TORRES (Republican) 62.2%, Juan BABAUTA (independent) 37.8%;  Arnold PALACIOS (independent) elected Lieutenant Governor" + "text": "Arnold PALACIOS elected governor in runoff election held 25 November 2022; percent of vote - Arnold PALACIOS (independent) elected 54%, Ralph TORRES (Republican) 46%; David APATANG (independent) elected lieutenant governor" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -505,14 +505,14 @@ "note": "note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "28.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-11.14% (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "-19.35% (2018 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "3.5% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "23.17% (2017 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 47454226..92e6d154 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "text": "2.07 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.01 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.01 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -330,12 +330,12 @@ "text": "20.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "42.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "42.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index a26a3c5a..a207f8ae 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "2.26 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.09 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "35.5% (2021)" @@ -342,12 +342,12 @@ "text": "10.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.4%" + "text": "18.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "14.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.4% (2016 est.)" + "text": "25.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -661,37 +661,37 @@ "text": "

Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed and connected of the Pacific island economies. Earnings from the tourism industry, with an estimated 842,884 tourists visiting in 2017, and remittances from Fijian’s working abroad are the country’s largest foreign exchange earners.

 

Bottled water exports to the US is Fiji’s largest domestic export. Fiji's sugar sector remains a significant industry and a major export, but crops and one of the sugar mills suffered damage during Cyclone Winston in 2016. Fiji’s trade imbalance continues to widen with increased imports and sluggish performance of domestic exports.

 

The return to parliamentary democracy and successful elections in September 2014 improved investor confidence, but increasing bureaucratic regulation, new taxes, and lack of consultation with relevant stakeholders brought four consecutive years of decline for Fiji on the World Bank Ease of Doing Business index. Private sector investment in 2017 approached 20% of GDP, compared to 13% in 2013.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$9.578 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$9.86 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10.094 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$12.18 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$12.23 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$12.162 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-5.11% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-17% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.58% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$10,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$11,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$13,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -699,11 +699,14 @@ "text": "$4.891 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "0.16% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.9% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-2.6% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.77% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -753,10 +756,10 @@ "text": "tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-8.34% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "353,100 (2017 est.)" + "text": "372,200 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -770,30 +773,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "5.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.72% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.4%" + "text": "18.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "14.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.4% (2016 est.)" + "text": "25.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.9% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "36.7 (2013 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "30.7 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -824,28 +830,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.26% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$277 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$597.29 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$131 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$575.635 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$689.438 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.171 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { "text": "$1.23 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.64 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.67 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.636 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -855,14 +864,14 @@ "text": "water, refined petroleum, fish, raw sugar, gold (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$2.344 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.97 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.977 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.21 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.1 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.206 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -872,11 +881,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, aircraft, cars, wheat, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.116 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.518 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$908.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.082 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.043 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -891,20 +903,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.071 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "2.05955 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.169 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "2.17345 (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.16 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "2.1104 (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.087 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.0976 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.8874 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "2.067 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 6219c0ea..a5db6ab8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "text": "2.24 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.09 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.08 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -309,12 +309,12 @@ "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "9.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, @@ -616,48 +616,51 @@ "text": "

Economic activity consists largely of subsistence farming and fishing, and government, which employs two-thirds of the adult working population and receives funding largely - 58% in 2013 – from Compact of Free Association assistance provided by the US. The islands have few commercially valuable mineral deposits. The potential for tourism is limited by isolation, lack of adequate facilities, and limited internal air and water transportation.

 

Under the terms of the original Compact, the US provided $1.3 billion in grants and aid from 1986 to 2001. The US and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) negotiated a second (amended) Compact agreement in 2002-03 that took effect in 2004. The amended Compact runs for a 20-year period to 2023; during which the US will provide roughly $2.1 billion to the FSM. The amended Compact also develops a trust fund for the FSM that will provide a comparable income stream beyond 2024 when Compact grants end.

 

The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile because of dependence on US assistance and lackluster performance of its small and stagnant private sector.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$375.055 million (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$387.407 million (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$390 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$390 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$389 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$394.369 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-3.19% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.77% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.17% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,300 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$3,500 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,500 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,500 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2015": { - "text": "$3,200 (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3,500 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$328 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.55% (2020 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.54% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "1.79% (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -698,7 +701,7 @@ "text": "tourism, construction; specialized aquaculture, craft items (shell and wood)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "-8.33% (2021 est.) NA" }, "Labor force": { "text": "37,920 (2010 est.)" @@ -759,15 +762,18 @@ "text": "6.6% (of GDP) (FY12/13 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "25.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "23.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "23.11% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "65.2% (of GDP) (FY12/13 est.)" + "text": "6.43% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" @@ -806,11 +812,14 @@ "text": "poultry meats, netting, broadcasting equipment, various meats, fish products (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$203.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$497,434,100 (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$135.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$451,912,600 (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$397,158,200 (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -822,7 +831,22 @@ } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "

the US dollar is used

" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "the US dollar is used" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 08828310..253cfd20 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "text": "1.81 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.88 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.88 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -302,12 +302,12 @@ "text": "malaria" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "27% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "27.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -324,13 +324,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "56.7%" + "text": "38.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "54.5%" + "text": "35.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "59.7% (2012 est.)" + "text": "43.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -558,14 +558,14 @@ } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.02% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-2.7% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-10% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { - "text": "-2.5% (2010 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "126,300 (2016 est.)" + "text": "130,100 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -645,22 +645,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "21.8% (2012)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "11.7% (2010)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "14.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "12.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "56.7%" + "text": "38.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "54.5%" + "text": "35.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "59.7% (2012 est.)" + "text": "43.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -692,8 +695,8 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2014": { - "text": "$207.7 million (2014 est.)" + "Current account balance 2016": { + "text": "$411.963 million (2016 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2013": { "text": "$158.8 million (2013 est.)" @@ -734,20 +737,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "100.88 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "104.711 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "106.589 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "101.047 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "110.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "107.84 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "107.84 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "89.85 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "90.56 (2013 est.)" + "text": "105.633 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 8b8055f8..9e2c2e9d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ "text": "2.78 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.35 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -283,12 +283,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "37.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "37% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -305,13 +305,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "15.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "29.7%" + "text": "14.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.9% (2011 est.)" + "text": "16.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ } }, "Flag description": { - "text": "territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, a proa or outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; the proa is sailing in Agana Bay with the promontory of Punta Dos Amantes, near the capital, in the background; the shape of the central emblem is that of a Chamorro sling stone, used as a weapon for defense or hunting; blue represents the sea and red the blood shed in the struggle against oppression", + "text": "territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, a proa or outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; the proa is sailing in Agana Bay with the promontory of Puntan Dos Amantes, near the capital, in the background; the shape of the central emblem is that of a Chamorro sling stone, used as a weapon for defense or hunting; blue represents the sea and red the blood shed in the struggle against oppression", "note": "note: the US flag is the national flag" }, "National symbol(s)": { @@ -525,14 +525,14 @@ } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.39% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1.6% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "73,210 (2016 est.)", + "text": "76,200 (2021 est.)", "note": "note: includes only the civilian labor force" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -613,22 +613,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.98% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "3.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.8% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "15.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "29.7%" + "text": "14.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.9% (2011 est.)" + "text": "16.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index df6f44dc..978a4de0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "2.2 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.07 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.06 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "33.5% (2018/19)" @@ -342,12 +342,12 @@ "text": "27.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "67.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "6.9% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "67.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2.4%" @@ -648,37 +648,37 @@ "text": "

A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Island countries. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted by the time of independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. Earnings from fishing licenses and seafarer remittances are important sources of income. Although the number of seafarers employed declined due to changes in global shipping demands, remittances are expected to improve with more overseas temporary and seasonal work opportunities for Kiribati nationals.

 

Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. The public sector dominates economic activity, with ongoing capital projects in infrastructure including road rehabilitation, water and sanitation projects, and renovations to the international airport, spurring some growth. Public debt increased from 23% of GDP at the end of 2015 to 25.8% in 2016.

 

Kiribati is dependent on foreign aid, which was estimated to have contributed over 32.7% in 2016 to the government’s finances. The country’s sovereign fund, the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF), which is held offshore, had an estimated balance of $855.5 million in late July 2016. The RERF seeks to avoid exchange rate risk by holding investments in more than 20 currencies, including the Australian dollar, US dollar, the Japanese yen, and the Euro. Drawdowns from the RERF helped finance the government’s annual budget.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$249.64 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$270 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$245.951 million (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$270 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$260 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$247.304 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.5% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.55% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "10.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.54% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -686,11 +686,14 @@ "text": "$197 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "-1.81% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "0.56% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.36% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -711,7 +714,7 @@ "text": "fishing, handicrafts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2012 est.)" + "text": "-1.57% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "39,000 (2010 est.)", @@ -750,6 +753,11 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" }, + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "27.8 (2019 est.)" + } + }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "NA" @@ -778,25 +786,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "76.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "26.28% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$18 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$20.251 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$35 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$71.279 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$86.818 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$30 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$10.754 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$20 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$21.228 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$32.516 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -806,11 +820,14 @@ "text": "fish and fish produces, ships, coconut oil, copra (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$180 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$201.984 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$170 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$148.77 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$177.149 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -839,20 +856,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.338 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.31 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.34 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.34 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.33 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.11 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.305 (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: the Australian dollar circulates as legal tender" } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 25bcb78f..a24b6339 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.9 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -303,12 +303,12 @@ "text": "malaria" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "22.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "22.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -328,13 +328,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "46.2%" + "text": "41%" }, "male": { - "text": "44.5%" + "text": "39.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "48.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "119,500 (2016 est.)" + "text": "132,200 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -640,22 +640,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "14.7% (2014)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "16.57% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2009": { - "text": "14% (2009)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "16.43% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "14.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "46.2%" + "text": "41%" }, "male": { - "text": "44.5%" + "text": "39.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "48.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -695,8 +698,8 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2014": { - "text": "-$1.469 billion (2014 est.)" + "Current account balance 2016": { + "text": "-$654.237 million (2016 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2013": { "text": "-$1.861 billion (2013 est.)" @@ -737,20 +740,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "100.88 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "104.711 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "106.589 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "101.047 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "110.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "107.84 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "107.84 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "89.85 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2012": { - "text": "90.56 (2012 est.)" + "text": "105.633 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index 10f2ce6e..29438d0f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "2.66 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.3 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.26 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "49% (2013)" @@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ "text": "2.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "69.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.7% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "69.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.3%" + "text": "5.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.3%" + "text": "5.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.4% (2019 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -641,49 +641,52 @@ "text": "

This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with more than 330,000 visitors in 2017, are other mainstays of the economy. Tourism has struggled after Efate, the most populous and most popular island for tourists, was damaged by Tropical Cyclone Pam in 2015. Ongoing infrastructure difficulties at Port Vila’s Bauerfield Airport have caused air travel disruptions, further hampering tourism numbers. Australia and New Zealand are the main source of tourists and foreign aid. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits.

 

Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center.

 

Since 2002, the government has stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$888.165 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$850 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$884.192 million (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$930 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$910 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$934.627 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "0.45% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.4% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$3,100 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$870 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.34% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.33% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -724,10 +727,10 @@ "text": "food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.92% (2018 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "115,900 (2007 est.)" + "text": "132,700 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -741,19 +744,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 1999": { - "text": "1.7% (1999 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.18% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.12% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.3%" + "text": "5.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.3%" + "text": "5.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.4% (2019 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -792,25 +801,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.24% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$13 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$1.893 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$37 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$60.619 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$215.521 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$380 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$88.805 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$520 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$141.534 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$372.711 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -820,11 +835,14 @@ "text": "fish and fish products, tug boats, perfume plants, mollusks, cocoa beans (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$460 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$495.858 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$460 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$429.601 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$488.795 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -834,11 +852,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fishing ships, delivery trucks, poultry meats, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$395.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$664.751 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$267.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$613.637 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$511.546 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -853,20 +874,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "vatu (VUV) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "109.453 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "111.015 (2020 est.)" + "text": "115.38 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "117.035 (2019 est.)" + "text": "114.733 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "113.005 (2018 est.)" + "text": "110.165 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "108.99 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "97.07 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "107.821 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 9e1da6f0..16d482e3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "text": "2.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.28 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.27 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -329,12 +329,12 @@ "text": "49.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.1% of GDP (2021) NA" }, @@ -586,37 +586,37 @@ "text": "

Revenues of this tiny island - a coral atoll with a land area of 21 square kilometers - traditionally have come from exports of phosphates. Few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. Primary reserves of phosphates were exhausted and mining ceased in 2006, but mining of a deeper layer of \"secondary phosphate\" in the interior of the island began the following year. The secondary phosphate deposits may last another 30 years. Earnings from Nauru’s export of phosphate remains an important source of income. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist; estimates of Nauru's GDP vary widely.

 

The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future.

 

Although revenue sources for government are limited, the opening of the Australian Regional Processing Center for asylum seekers since 2012 has sparked growth in the economy. Revenue derived from fishing licenses under the \"vessel day scheme\" has also boosted government income. Housing, hospitals, and other capital plant are deteriorating. The cost to Australia of keeping the Nauruan government and economy afloat continues to climb.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$149.474 million (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$147.265 million (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$150 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$150 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$137 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$145.591 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.5% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "10.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.15% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$11,900 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$12,000 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,500 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$13,600 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$10,667 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$12,000 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -723,25 +723,28 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "90.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "48.24% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "$8.406 million (2018 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$5 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$14.11 million (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$2 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "$2.079 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$30 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$31.101 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2012": { - "text": "$110.3 million (2012 est.)" + "Exports 2017": { + "text": "$39.883 million (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -752,10 +755,10 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$90 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$94.796 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$64.9 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2017": { + "text": "$91.571 million (2017 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -773,20 +776,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.338 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.311 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.3452 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.3452 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3291 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.1094 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.305 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index a8bb0ad0..7a016752 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.9 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "79.9% (2014/15)", @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "12.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -378,13 +378,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "10.5%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.8%" + "text": "12.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "10.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -672,37 +672,37 @@ "text": "

Over the past 40 years, the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy, dependent on concessionary British market access, to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector.

 

Per capita income rose for 10 consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, fueling a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for policymakers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007 and 2008. The higher rate attracted international capital inflows, which strengthened the currency and housing market while aggravating the current account deficit. Rising house prices, especially in Auckland, have become a political issue in recent years, as well as a policy challenge in 2016 and 2017, as the ability to afford housing has declined for many.

 

Expanding New Zealand’s network of free trade agreements remains a top foreign policy priority. New Zealand was an early promoter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and was the second country to ratify the agreement in May 2017. Following the United States’ withdrawal from the TPP in January 2017, on 10 November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). In November 2016, New Zealand opened negotiations to upgrade its FTA with China; China is one of New Zealand’s most important trading partners.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$219.839 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$215.6 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$211.966 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$213.5 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$210.07 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$214.655 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.71% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.25% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.22% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.22% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.19% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$42,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$42,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$41,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$42,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$42,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$43,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -710,14 +710,14 @@ "text": "$205.202 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.94% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.71% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.62% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -770,10 +770,10 @@ "text": "agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2.09% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.709 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.911 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -787,22 +787,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.13% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.12% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "4.32% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.59% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "10.5%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.8%" + "text": "12.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "10.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -833,37 +836,43 @@ "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "31.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "46.33% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "32.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "36.61% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "36.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "27.5% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March", "note": "note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$6.962 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$14.827 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$8.742 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.014 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$5.945 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$54.777 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$50.43 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$50.544 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$57.16 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$57.71 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$57.875 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -873,14 +882,14 @@ "text": "dairy products, sheep/goat meats, lumber, beef products, fresh fruits (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$62.862 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$47.86 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$48.104 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$57.75 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$58.39 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$57.682 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -890,11 +899,14 @@ "text": "cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, gas turbines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$20.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$16.114 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$17.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$13.733 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$17.814 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -909,20 +921,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.414 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.41794 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.542 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1.52334 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.518 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1.45709 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.445 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.4279 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.2039 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1.407 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 20302f13..ec190e39 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.82 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.82 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -318,12 +318,12 @@ "text": "7.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "45.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "45.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -636,48 +636,51 @@ "text": "

The economy is dominated by tourism, fishing, and subsistence agriculture. Government is a major employer of the work force relying on financial assistance from the US under the Compact of Free Association (Compact) with the US that took effect after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994. The US provided Palau with roughly $700 million in aid for the first 15 years following commencement of the Compact in 1994 in return for unrestricted access to its land and waterways for strategic purposes. The population enjoys a per capita income roughly double that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia.

 

Business and leisure tourist arrivals reached a record 167,966 in 2015, a 14.4% increase over the previous year, but fell to 138,408 in 2016. Long-run prospects for tourism have been bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of industrial East Asia, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development. Proximity to Guam, the region's major destination for tourists from East Asia, and a regionally competitive tourist infrastructure enhance Palau's advantage as a destination.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$248.468 million (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$286.694 million (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$320 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$330 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$317 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$315.42 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-13.33% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-9.11% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,800 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$16,000 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$17,600 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,400 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$17,841 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$17,600 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$292 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.61% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.22% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.27% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -718,7 +721,7 @@ "text": "tourism, fishing, subsistence agriculture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "-3.42% (2021 est.) NA" }, "Labor force": { "text": "11,610 (2016)" @@ -776,33 +779,42 @@ "text": "8.8% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "86.13% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2015": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2015)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "84.75% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "79.83% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "66.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + "text": "18.59% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$53 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$63.534 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$36 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$106.379 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$97.48 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$23.17 billion (2017 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$12.07 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2015": { - "text": "$14.8 million (2015 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$58.349 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$107.823 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -812,11 +824,14 @@ "text": "fish, computers, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts, scrap vessels (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.715 billion (2018 est.)" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$180.38 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$4.079 billion (2017 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$215.97 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$226.594 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -842,7 +857,22 @@ } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "

the US dollar is used

" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "the US dollar is used" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 6e385e3f..91c29c4d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "text": "2.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.35 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -327,12 +327,12 @@ "text": "8.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "68.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.9% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "68.3% (2022 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "13.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -653,37 +653,37 @@ "text": "

US assistance and lease payments for the use of Kwajalein Atoll as a US military base are the mainstay of this small island country. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. Tourism holds some potential. The islands and atolls have few natural resources, and imports exceed exports.

 

The Marshall Islands received roughly $1 billion in aid from the US during the period 1986-2001 under the original Compact of Free Association (Compact). In 2002 and 2003, the US and the Marshall Islands renegotiated the Compact's financial package for a 20-year period, 2004 to 2024. Under the amended Compact, the Marshall Islands will receive roughly $1.5 billion in direct US assistance. Under the amended Compact, the US and Marshall Islands are also jointly funding a Trust Fund for the people of the Marshall Islands that will provide an income stream beyond 2024, when direct Compact aid ends.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$250.694 million (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$247.93 million (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$240 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$220 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$219 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$252.582 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.11% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.84% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "10.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$6,000 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$5,700 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,800 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,776 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$5,600 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ "text": "copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items (from seashells, wood, and pearls)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "-3.66% (2021 est.) NA" }, "Labor force": { "text": "10,670 (2013 est.)" @@ -770,6 +770,11 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" }, + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "35.5 (2019 est.)" + } + }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "NA" @@ -790,30 +795,42 @@ "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "41.71% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "30% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "44.14% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "47.95% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "52.6% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" + "text": "17.16% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.182 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$15 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$56.998 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "$53.031 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$76.734 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$54.987 million (2019 est.)" + }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$130 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$128.904 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -823,11 +840,14 @@ "text": "ships, fish, recreational boats, broadcasting equipment, coal tar oil (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$170 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$171.201 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$103.8 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$91.814 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2018": { + "text": "$174.722 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 3a52e3cc..03afcdbd 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -258,12 +258,12 @@ "text": "malaria" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 895536ea..7932185f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "2.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.36 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.3% (2019)" @@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ "text": "15.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.8% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.4%" @@ -386,13 +386,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.7%" + "text": "11.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "11.7% (2018)" + "text": "16.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -653,48 +653,51 @@ "text": "

Tonga has a small, open island economy and is the last constitutional monarchy among the Pacific Island countries. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 53,800 visitors in 2015. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand.

 

The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from overseas Tongans to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, encouraging investment, and is committing increased funds for health care and education. Tonga's English-speaking and educated workforce offers a viable labor market, and the tropical climate provides fertile soil. Renewable energy and deep-sea mining also offer opportunities for investment.

 

Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. But the government faces high unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$651.247 million (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$669.095 million (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$670 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$660 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$660 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$665.842 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-2.67% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.49% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.71% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$6,100 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$6,400 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,400 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,400 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$6,472 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$6,300 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$455 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.64% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.35% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.18% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -735,10 +738,10 @@ "text": "tourism, construction, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.23% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "33,800 (2011 est.)" + "text": "32,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -752,22 +755,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2011": { - "text": "1.1% (2011 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.97% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2006": { - "text": "1.1% (2006)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.63% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.06% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.7%" + "text": "11.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "11.7% (2018)" + "text": "16.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -798,8 +804,8 @@ "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt FY2017": { - "text": "48% of GDP (FY2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2016": { + "text": "49.41% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt FY2016": { "text": "51.8% of GDP (FY2016 est.)" @@ -812,22 +818,25 @@ "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$53 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$19.188 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$30 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$25.78 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$4.214 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$58.745 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$90 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$99.78 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$110 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$100 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$112.482 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -837,14 +846,14 @@ "text": "squash, fish, various fruits and nuts, antiques, coral and shells (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$285.675 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$300 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$309.685 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$330 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$320 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$327.395 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -854,11 +863,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, poultry meats, audio equipment, mutton, goat meat, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$198.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$361.812 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$176.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$298.948 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$218.448 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -873,20 +885,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.265 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "2.27015 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.3 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "2.29095 (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.289 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "2.22717 (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.237 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.106 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.847 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "2.206 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 32905d28..b2db6b5a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "text": "2.83 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.38 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.37 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "23.7% (2019/20)" @@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ "text": "21.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -596,37 +596,37 @@ "text": "

Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. Only eight of the atolls are inhabited. It is one of the smallest countries in the world, with its highest point at 4.6 meters above sea level. The country is isolated, almost entirely dependent on imports, particularly of food and fuel, and vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels, which pose significant challenges to development.

 

The public sector dominates economic activity. Tuvalu has few natural resources, except for its fisheries. Earnings from fish exports and fishing licenses for Tuvalu’s territorial waters are a significant source of government revenue. In 2013, revenue from fishing licenses doubled and totaled more than 45% of GDP.

 

Official aid from foreign development partners has also increased. Tuvalu has substantial assets abroad. The Tuvalu Trust Fund, an international trust fund established in 1987 by development partners, has grown to $104 million (A$141 million) in 2014 and is an important cushion for meeting shortfalls in the government's budget. While remittances are another substantial source of income, the value of remittances has declined since the 2008-09 global financial crisis, but has stabilized at nearly $4 million per year. The financial impact of climate change and the cost of climate related adaptation projects is one of many concerns for the nation.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$55.169 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$50 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$53.57 million (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$50 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$50 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$52.77 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.99% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.52% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "9.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "13.79% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -739,19 +739,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$2 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$20.82 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$8 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$9.015 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$6.051 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$10 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.699 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$10 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$3.087 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$10.266 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -761,11 +767,14 @@ "text": "fish, ships, coins, metal-clad products, electrical power accessories (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$70 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$51.187 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$60 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$50.792 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$65.24 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 8782cf24..ada0ccb5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.83 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.83 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -296,6 +296,9 @@ "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56% (2023)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 05c0d3a8..d0cf9e9a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "text": "2.42 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.18 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.16 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "16.6% (2019/20)" @@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ "text": "14.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.4% (2019/20)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.9%" @@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.6%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.3%" + "text": "16.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "30% (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -656,37 +656,37 @@ "text": "

The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. It has a nominal GDP of $844 million. Agriculture, including fishing, furnishes 90% of exports, featuring fish, coconut oil, nonu products, and taro. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Industry accounts for nearly 22% of GDP while employing less than 6% of the work force. The service sector accounts for nearly two-thirds of GDP and employs approximately 50% of the labor force. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 132,000 tourists visited the islands in 2013.

 

The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. In September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes on Samoa's Upolu Island.

 

The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the country's financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Foreign reserves are relatively healthy and inflation is low, but external debt is approximately 45% of GDP. Samoa became the 155th member of the WTO in May 2012, and graduated from least developed country status in January 2014.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.211 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.25 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.303 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.28 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.24 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.345 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-7.08% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.11% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$6,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$6,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$6,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -694,11 +694,14 @@ "text": "$841 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.13% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.57% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.98% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -739,10 +742,10 @@ "text": "food processing, building materials, auto parts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-9.65% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "50,700 (2016 est.)" + "text": "58,400 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -756,23 +759,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5.2% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.84% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "5.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.15% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.41% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.6%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.3%" + "text": "16.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "30% (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -811,22 +817,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.42% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "June 1 - May 31" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$19 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$118.081 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$37 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$79.68 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$34.073 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$310 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$97.774 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$116.519 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$336.782 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -836,11 +851,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fish, fruit juice, coconut oil, beer (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$430 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$430.011 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$312.6 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$376.791 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$456.707 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -850,11 +868,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, iron products, poultry meats, cars, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$133 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$294.682 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$122.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$277.056 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$177.244 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -866,20 +887,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "tala (SAT) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.556 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "2.54712 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.665 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "2.65534 (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.649 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "2.57069 (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.587 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.5609 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.3318 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "2.554 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index ff3595da..0c696109 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.9 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.9 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -287,12 +287,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "42.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "42.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, @@ -517,41 +517,50 @@ "text": "

Tourism, petroleum bunkering, hospitality, and financial and business services are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy.

 

Tourism accounts for a majority of economic activity; as of 2017, over 2 million tourists visited Aruba annually, with the large majority (80-85%) of those from the US. The rapid growth of the tourism sector has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction continues to boom, especially in the hospitality sector.

 

Aruba is heavily dependent on imports and is making efforts to expand exports to improve its trade balance. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Panama being the major suppliers.

 

In 2016, Citgo Petroleum Corporation, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Petroleos de Venezuela SA, and the Government of Aruba signed an agreement to restart Valero Energy Corp.'s former 235,000-b/d refinery. Tourism and related industries have continued to grow, and the Aruban Government is working to attract more diverse industries. Aruba's banking sector continues to be a strong sector; unemployment has significantly decreased.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4.05 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$4.141 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { - "text": "$4.107 billion (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$3.534 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$4.341 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "17.17% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-18.59% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.64% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$38,442 (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$38,900 (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2016": { - "text": "$37,300 (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$33,200 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$40,800 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.7 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-0.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "4.26% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.9% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "3.63% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "-1.03% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -661,22 +670,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$22 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$79.257 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$133 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$316.455 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$84.797 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.201 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.45 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.444 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.56 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.56 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.562 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -687,14 +699,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, liquors, scrap iron, soap, tobacco (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.947 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.67 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.644 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$2.24 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.27 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -704,11 +716,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, jewelry, cars, vehicle parts, tobacco products (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$921.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.513 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$828 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.213 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$982.3 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -723,20 +738,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.79 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.79 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.79 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.79 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1.79 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.79 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.79 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.79 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.79 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 52e72e08..1246c4d2 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.95 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ "text": "0.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "31.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "31.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (202 est.)" }, @@ -589,37 +589,37 @@ "text": "

Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components.

 

Like other countries in the region, Antigua's economy was severely hit by effects of the global economic recession in 2009. The country suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009 and 2011. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels. Barbuda suffered significant damages after hurricanes Irma and Maria passed through the Caribbean in 2017.

 

Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and could be disrupted by potential damage from natural disasters. The new government, elected in 2014 and led by Prime Minister Gaston Browne, continues to face significant fiscal challenges. The government places some hope in a new Citizenship by Investment Program, to both reduce public debt levels and spur growth, and a resolution of a WTO dispute with the US.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.783 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.76 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.693 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.09 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.02 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.122 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.27% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-20.19% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.86% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$19,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$18,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$18,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$21,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$21,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$23,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -627,11 +627,14 @@ "text": "$1.524 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.63% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.43% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -672,7 +675,7 @@ "text": "tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.26% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "30,000 (1991)" @@ -730,19 +733,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$112 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$220.871 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$2 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$251.556 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$126.907 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.15 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$749.476 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$56.5 million (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$590.849 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.196 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -753,11 +762,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, precious/semi-precious metal scraps, rice, corn (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.12 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$868.797 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$503.4 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$737.693 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$1.18 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -766,6 +778,17 @@ "Imports - commodities": { "text": "refined petroleum, ships, cars, precious/semi-precious metals, recreational boats (2019)" }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$367.512 million (31 December 2021 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$221.809 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$279.133 million (31 December 2019 est.)" + } + }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 31 December 2012": { "text": "$441.2 million (31 December 2012)" @@ -778,20 +801,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 6142fa73..0e07bae8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "text": "1.72 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.85 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -278,12 +278,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "45.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "46.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 991db991..75ab3ce5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.85 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "59.2% (2012)" @@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ "text": "1.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.5% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -348,13 +348,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "30.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "30.3%" + "text": "34.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "21.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "25.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -633,37 +633,37 @@ "text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and one of the most developed countries in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the region. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners, boosted by being in the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and by a relatively highly educated workforce. Following the 2008-09 recession, external vulnerabilities such as fluctuations in international oil prices have hurt economic growth, raised Barbados' already high public debt to GDP ratio - which stood at 105% of GDP in 2016 - and cut into its international reserves." }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.868 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$3.7 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.875 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4.49 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4.49 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4.47 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-0.19% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-13.31% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.13% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$16,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -671,11 +671,14 @@ "text": "$4.99 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "4.1% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "3.67% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4.66% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -725,10 +728,10 @@ "text": "tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.6% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "144,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "139,100 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -742,22 +745,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "10.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "10.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "9.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "10.38% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.41% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "30.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "30.3%" + "text": "34.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "21.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "25.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -783,30 +789,27 @@ "text": "-4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "157.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt 2016": { "text": "149.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "27.48% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$189 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "-$296.396 million (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$206 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "-$452.39 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$485.4 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "$2.228 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Exports 2016": { "text": "$516.9 million (2016 est.)" @@ -821,7 +824,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$1.52 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$2.213 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Imports 2016": { "text": "$1.541 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -834,11 +837,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, ships, cars, shipping containers, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$264.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.673 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$341.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.358 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$772.119 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -853,21 +859,21 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2 (2017 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2 (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: the Barbadian dollar is pegged to the US dollar" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index d3cc917f..ea5c5396 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "text": "1.98 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { @@ -297,12 +297,12 @@ "text": "2.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "38.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "38.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -319,13 +319,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.8%" + "text": "30.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "27.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "31.6% (2016 est.)" + "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -584,37 +584,37 @@ "text": "The Bahamas has the second highest per capita GDP in the English-speaking Caribbean with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and financial services. Tourism accounts for approximately 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than 7% of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The new government led by Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS has prioritized addressing fiscal imbalances and rising debt, which stood at 75% of GDP in 2016. Large capital projects like the Baha Mar Casino and Hotel are driving growth. Public debt increased in 2017 in large part due to hurricane reconstruction and relief financing. The primary fiscal balance was a deficit of 0.4% of GDP in 2016. The Bahamas is the only country in the Western Hemisphere that is not a member of the World Trade Organization." }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$12.323 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$12.1 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10.836 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$14.45 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$14.28 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14.225 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "13.72% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-1.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-23.82% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$30,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$30,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$26,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$37,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$37,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$35,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -622,11 +622,14 @@ "text": "$12.16 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.04% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -676,10 +679,10 @@ "text": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.51% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "196,900 (2013 est.)" + "text": "224,400 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -696,22 +699,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "10.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "12.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.32% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "10.06% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.8%" + "text": "30.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "27.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "31.6% (2016 est.)" + "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -737,36 +743,42 @@ "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "84.45% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "50.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "57.05% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "56.78% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.16% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.909 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.592 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$868 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.373 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$345.481 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.202 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.69 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.65 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.14 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.75 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5.164 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -777,14 +789,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, crustaceans, styrene polymers (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$4.924 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$3.64 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.411 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.91 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$5.12 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.84 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -794,11 +806,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, recreational boats, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.522 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.433 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.002 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.382 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.758 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -813,20 +828,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index dd799ba5..c45b96ac 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "text": "2.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.28 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.26 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "51.4% (2015/16)" @@ -338,12 +338,12 @@ "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.6% (2015/16)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "64.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "6.3%" @@ -385,10 +385,10 @@ "text": "19.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.7%" + "text": "12.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.5% (2019 est.)" + "text": "31.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -664,37 +664,37 @@ "text": "

Tourism is the number one foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of sugar, bananas, citrus, marine products, and crude oil.

 

The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to GDP growth averaging nearly 4% in 1999-2007, but GPD growth has averaged only 2.1% from 2007-2016, with 2.5% growth estimated for 2017. Belize’s dependence on energy imports makes it susceptible to energy price shocks.

 

Although Belize has the third highest per capita income in Central America, the average income figure masks a huge income disparity between rich and poor, and a key government objective remains reducing poverty and inequality with the help of international donors. High unemployment, a growing trade deficit and heavy foreign debt burden continue to be major concerns. Belize faces continued pressure from rising sovereign debt, and a growing trade imbalance.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.505 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2.43 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.042 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.83 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.78 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.513 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "15.23% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-13.4% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$8,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$6,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$9,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -702,11 +702,14 @@ "text": "$1.854 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.12% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.19% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -756,10 +759,10 @@ "text": "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.08% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "120,500 (2008 est.)", + "text": "176,900 (2021 est.)", "note": "note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -774,11 +777,14 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.22% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.46% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.71% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { @@ -786,10 +792,10 @@ "text": "19.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.7%" + "text": "12.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.5% (2019 est.)" + "text": "31.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -823,28 +829,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.16% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$143 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$162.434 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$163 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$127.92 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$184.646 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.044 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$710 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$714.624 million (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.1 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.07 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.102 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -855,14 +864,14 @@ "text": "raw sugar, bananas, fruit juice, fish products, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.252 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$900 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$901.819 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.2 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.16 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.203 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -872,11 +881,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cigarettes, recreational boats, natural gas, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$312.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$420,102,800 (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$376.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$348,090,100 (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$277,578,800 (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -891,20 +903,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Belizean dollars (BZD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index aff8171d..b2940b9c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.9 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -279,12 +279,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.1% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -502,36 +502,36 @@ "text": "

With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 65,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 2017, including more than 280 banks, 700 insurers, and 10,500 mutual funds. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Nearly 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy a standard of living comparable to that of Switzerland.

 

Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 2.1 million in 2016, with more than three-quarters from the US.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$4.599 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$4.516 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4.78 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4.61 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4.409 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$4.788 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1.7% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.84% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "1.2% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.68% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "1.6% (2012 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.87% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$67,500 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$67,100 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$73,600 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$71,800 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$69,573 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$72,400 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "text": "tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-3.36% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "39,000 (2007 est.)", @@ -654,19 +654,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$492.6 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$763.556 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$493.5 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$646.843 million (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$927.544 million (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$3.652 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$4.13 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$4.205 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$3.96 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.959 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -677,11 +683,14 @@ "text": "recreational boats, gold, broadcasting equipment, sulfates, collector's items (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$2.507 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2.7 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.743 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.52 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.518 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -690,24 +699,35 @@ "Imports - commodities": { "text": "recreational boats, ships, gold, refined petroleum, cars (2019)" }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$216.8 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$183.5 million (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$162.074 million (31 December 2018 est.)" + } + }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Caymanian dollars (KYD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.833 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.833 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.833 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.833 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.82 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.82 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.82 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.82 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.83 (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.833 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index 09e0c77c..a291a457 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.91 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.9% (2018)" @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ "text": "4.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "48.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.9% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "48.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2%" @@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "38.8%" + "text": "45.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "32.7%" + "text": "37%" }, "female": { - "text": "47.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "56.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -700,52 +700,52 @@ "text": "

Since 2010, Costa Rica has enjoyed strong and stable economic growth - 3.8% in 2017. Exports of bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef are the backbone of its commodity exports. Various industrial and processed agricultural products have broadened exports in recent years, as have high value-added goods, including medical devices. Costa Rica's impressive biodiversity also makes it a key destination for ecotourism.

 

Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and relatively high education levels, as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones; Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America. The US-Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), which became effective for Costa Rica in 2009, helped increase foreign direct investment in key sectors of the economy, including insurance and telecommunication. However, poor infrastructure, high energy costs, a complex bureaucracy, weak investor protection, and uncertainty of contract enforcement impede greater investment.

 

Costa Rica’s economy also faces challenges due to a rising fiscal deficit, rising public debt, and relatively low levels of domestic revenue. Poverty has remained around 20-25% for nearly 20 years, and the government’s strong social safety net has eroded due to increased constraints on its expenditures. Costa Rica’s credit rating was downgraded from stable to negative in 2015 and again in 2017, upping pressure on lending rates - which could hurt small business, on the budget deficit - which could hurt infrastructure development, and on the rate of return on investment - which could soften foreign direct investment (FDI). Unlike the rest of Central America, Costa Rica is not highly dependent on remittances - which represented just 1 % of GDP in 2016, but instead relies on FDI - which accounted for 5.1% of GDP.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$109.26 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$100.25 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$101.562 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$105.02 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$102.79 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$105.85 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.58% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.05% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$21,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$19,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$19,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$20,800 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$20,600 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$61.855 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.73% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.72% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ "text": "medical equipment, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.83% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.843 million (2020 est.)", + "text": "2.426 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: official estimate; excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -816,33 +816,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "8.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "17.95% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "9.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "17.41% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "11.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "38.8%" + "text": "45.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "32.7%" + "text": "37%" }, "female": { - "text": "47.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "56.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "48 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "49.2 (2013)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "49.3 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -873,25 +873,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.32% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.692 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.136 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.326 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$638.741 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$826.158 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$21.2 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$23.761 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$20.53 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$19.996 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$22.738 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -902,11 +908,14 @@ "text": "medical instruments, bananas, tropical fruits, orthopedic appliances, food preparations (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$19.39 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$22.298 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$19.64 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$17.701 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$20.314 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -916,11 +925,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, medical instruments, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.15 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$6.921 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$7.574 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.232 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$8.937 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -935,20 +947,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "620.785 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "584.901 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "587.295 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "576.973 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "573.5 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "544.74 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "544.74 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "534.57 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "538.32 (2013 est.)" + "text": "567.513 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 89f98967..ce23f3d9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.83 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.83 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "69% (2019)" @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ "text": "10.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "58.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.4% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "4.8%" @@ -396,6 +396,17 @@ "text": "15 years (2021)" } }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "7.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "7.6%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "7% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "People - note": { "text": "illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US surged after the announcement of normalization of US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 but has decreased since the end of the so-called \"wet-foot, dry-foot\" policy on 12 January 2017" } @@ -704,14 +715,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.25% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-10.95% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.16% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -782,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-6.75% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.691 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "5.135 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7%" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -800,14 +811,28 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.76% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.62% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.74% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double" }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "7.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "7.6%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "7% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 93a4a309..e951b98c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "text": "2.02 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.98 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.98 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -280,12 +280,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "39.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "40.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -556,37 +556,37 @@ "text": "The Dominican economy was dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism, as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an \"ecotourism\" destination. However, Hurricane Maria, which passed through the island in September 2017, destroyed much of the country’s agricultural sector and caused damage to all of the country’s transportation and physical infrastructure. Before Hurricane Maria, the government had attempted to foster an offshore financial industry and planned to sign agreements with the private sector to develop geothermal energy resources. At a time when government finances are fragile, the government’s focus has been to get the country back in shape to service cruise ships. The economy contracted in 2015 and recovered to positive growth in 2016 due to a recovery of agriculture and tourism. Dominica suffers from high debt levels, which increased from 67% of GDP in 2010 to 77% in 2016. Dominica is one of five countries in the East Caribbean that have citizenship by investment programs whereby foreigners can obtain passports for a fee and revenue from this contribute to government budgets." }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$787.7 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$710 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$738.364 million (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$850 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$830 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$885.38 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-4.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.68% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-16.6% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-3.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$10,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$9,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$12,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -594,11 +594,14 @@ "text": "$557 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.73% (2020 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.5% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "0.99% (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -640,7 +643,7 @@ "text": "soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-13% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.01% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "25,000 (2000 est.)" @@ -698,19 +701,25 @@ "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$70 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$178.763 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$5 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$147.521 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$210.115 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$160 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$104.959 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$43.7 million (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$94.823 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$211.175 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -720,11 +729,14 @@ "text": "medical instruments, pharmaceuticals, low-voltage protection equipment, tropical fruits, bandages (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$430 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$302 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$188.4 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$279 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$415 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -734,11 +746,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, recreational boats, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$212.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$190.843 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$221.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$165.824 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$155.172 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -753,20 +768,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index d5858c65..c9c0982b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "text": "2.21 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.08 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.08 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.8% (2019)" @@ -362,12 +362,12 @@ "text": "6.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -398,13 +398,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.6%" + "text": "16.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "20.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "27.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -706,37 +706,37 @@ "text": "

The Dominican Republic was for most of its history primarily an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but over the last three decades the economy has become more diversified as the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in construction, tourism, and free trade zones. The mining sector has also played a greater role in the export market since late 2012 with the commencement of the extraction phase of the Pueblo Viejo Gold and Silver mine, one of the largest gold mines in the world.

 

For the last 20 years, the Dominican Republic has been one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America. The economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-16, and the fiscal situation is improving. A tax reform package passed in November 2012, a reduction in government spending, and lower energy costs helped to narrow the central government budget deficit from 6.6% of GDP in 2012 to 2.6% in 2016, and public debt is declining. Marked income inequality, high unemployment, and underemployment remain important long-term challenges; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP.

 

The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for approximately half of exports and the source of 40% of imports. Remittances from the US amount to about 7% of GDP, equivalent to about a third of exports and two-thirds of tourism receipts. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and manufacturing exports.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$207.082 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$184.45 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$184.447 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$197.74 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$188.23 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$197.735 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "12.27% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.72% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.05% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$18,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$17,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$16,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$18,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$17,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$18,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -744,14 +744,14 @@ "text": "$88.956 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "8.24% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.78% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -804,10 +804,10 @@ "text": "tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.89% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.732 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.027 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -821,33 +821,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.5% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "5.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.13% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.6%" + "text": "16.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "20.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "27.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "43.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "45.7 (2012 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "39.6 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -878,28 +878,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.39% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$165 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.689 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$815 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.337 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.188 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$20.509 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$14.44 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$14.889 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$20.51 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$20.05 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.509 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -909,14 +912,14 @@ "text": "gold, medical instruments, cigars, low-voltage protection equipment, bananas (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$28.541 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$20.19 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.302 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$24.53 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$24.11 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$24.526 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -926,11 +929,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, jewelry, natural gas, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$6.873 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$13.125 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$6.134 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$10.845 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$8.871 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -945,20 +951,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "57.221 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "56.525 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "51.295 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "49.51 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "47.42 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "46.078 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "46.078 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "45.052 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "43.556 (2013 est.)" + "text": "47.534 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 9a09eb41..0d1bfccc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "2.05 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.99 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "71.9% (2014)" @@ -355,12 +355,12 @@ "text": "1.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "5% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -391,13 +391,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.6%" + "text": "13.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.6%" + "text": "11.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.1% (2020)" + "text": "18.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -686,37 +686,37 @@ "text": "

The smallest country in Central America geographically, El Salvador has the fourth largest economy in the region. With the global recession, real GDP contracted in 2009 and economic growth has since remained low, averaging less than 2% from 2010 to 2014, but recovered somewhat in 2015-17 with an average annual growth rate of 2.4%. Remittances accounted for approximately 18% of GDP in 2017 and were received by about a third of all households.

 

In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition. In September 2015, El Salvador kicked off a five-year $277 million second compact with the Millennium Challenge Corporation - a US Government agency aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty - to improve El Salvador's competitiveness and productivity in international markets.

 

The Salvadoran Government maintained fiscal discipline during reconstruction and rebuilding following earthquakes in 2001 and hurricanes in 1998 and 2005, but El Salvador's public debt, estimated at 59.3% of GDP in 2017, has been growing over the last several years.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$57.371 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$52.26 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$52.024 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$56.77 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$55.31 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$56.657 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.28% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.18% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$9,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$8,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$8,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$9,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -724,14 +724,14 @@ "text": "$27.023 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.47% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.37% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.08% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -784,10 +784,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.47% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.908 million (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.658 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -801,34 +801,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "7% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.94% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.25% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.17% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are official rates; but underemployment is high" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.6%" + "text": "13.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.6%" + "text": "11.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.1% (2020)" + "text": "18.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.8% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "38.6 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "38 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "38.8 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -851,37 +851,43 @@ "text": "-2.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "67.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "71.41% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "66.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "53.88% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "52.21% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "18.66% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$501 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.457 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$500 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$202.947 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$113.356 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$8.491 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$6.29 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$6.295 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$7.98 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.057 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -891,14 +897,14 @@ "text": "textiles and apparel, electrical capacitors, plastic lids, raw sugar, toilet paper (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$15.754 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$10.82 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$10.764 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$12.45 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$12.32 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$12.469 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -908,11 +914,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, clothing, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.567 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$3.426 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.238 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.083 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$4.446 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -927,6 +936,18 @@ "Currency": { "text": "note: the US dollar is used as a medium of exchange and circulates freely in the economy" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1 (2017 est.)" } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 052544bf..aa046fdb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "text": "1.93 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.92 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.91 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -297,12 +297,12 @@ "text": "0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "40.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "41.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, @@ -588,37 +588,37 @@ "text": "

Grenada relies on tourism and revenue generated by St. George’s University - a private university offering degrees in medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, the health sciences, nursing, arts and sciences, and business - as its main source of foreign exchange. In the past two years the country expanded its sources of revenue, including from selling passports under its citizenship by investment program. These projects produced a resurgence in the construction and manufacturing sectors of the economy.

 

In 2017, Grenada experienced its fifth consecutive year of growth and the government successfully marked the completion of its five-year structural adjustment program that included among other things austerity measures, increased tax revenue and debt restructuring. Public debt-to-GDP was reduced from 100% of GDP in 2013 to 71.8% in 2017.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.706 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.7 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.629 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.91 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.889 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.69% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-13.76% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$15,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$17,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$16,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$15,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -626,11 +626,14 @@ "text": "$1.119 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.22% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.74% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -677,7 +680,7 @@ "text": "food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction, education, call-center operations" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10% (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.33% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "55,270 (2017 est.)" @@ -738,19 +741,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$77 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$293.776 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$34 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$219.561 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$176.958 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$650 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$393.766 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$44.2 million (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$421.843 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$661.723 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -760,11 +769,14 @@ "text": "fish, nutmeg, cocoa beans, fruits, wheat, toilet paper (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$640 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$650 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$314.7 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$587 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$727 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -774,11 +786,14 @@ "text": "aircraft, poultry meat, cars, refined petroleum, food preparation materials (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$199.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$348.259 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$198 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$293.32 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$236.325 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -793,20 +808,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 2d69161d..718d368b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "2.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.28 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.25 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "60.6% (2014/15)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "1.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "12.4% (2014/15)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "6.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -699,52 +699,52 @@ "text": "

Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly half the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13.5% of GDP and 31% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include sugar, coffee, bananas, and vegetables. Guatemala is the top remittance recipient in Central America as a result of Guatemala's large expatriate community in the US. These inflows are a primary source of foreign income, equivalent to two-thirds of the country's exports and about a tenth of its GDP.

 

The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and Guatemala has since pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006, spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers, and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment.

 

The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line, and 23% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up more than 40% of the population, averages 79%, with 40% of the indigenous population living in extreme poverty. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$152.734 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$141.5 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$141.445 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$143.68 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$138.33 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$143.985 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.98% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.76% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$8,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$8,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$8,700 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,500 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$76.678 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.26% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.21% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ "text": "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.49% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.664 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.671 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -814,22 +814,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.57% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.55% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.19% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "6.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -838,9 +841,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "48.3 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "56 (2011)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -863,36 +863,42 @@ "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "24.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "31.56% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "26.49% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "26.48% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.97% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$1.134 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.113 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$1.023 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$3.918 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.821 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$15.318 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$13.12 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$12.713 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$13.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$13.35 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.598 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -902,14 +908,14 @@ "text": "bananas, raw sugar, coffee, cardamom, palm oil (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$27.388 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$19.3 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$19.267 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$21.52 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$21.17 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$21.527 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -919,11 +925,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, cars, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$11.77 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$20.935 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$9.156 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$18.464 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$14.784 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -938,20 +947,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "7.734 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "7.722 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "7.697 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "7.519 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "7.323 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "7.5999 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "7.5999 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "7.6548 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "7.7322 (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.348 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 22a48a8a..c832235b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "2.43 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.21 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.19 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "34.3% (2016/17)" @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "3.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "9.5% (2016/17)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2.1%" @@ -389,6 +389,17 @@ "female": { "text": "58.3% (2016)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "35.7%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "28.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "45.6% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -685,37 +696,37 @@ "text": "

Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population represent some of the most serious impediments to Haiti’s economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equivalent to more than a quarter of GDP, and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment.

 

Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with close to 60% of the population living under the national poverty line, Haiti’s GDP growth rose to 5.5% in 2011 as the Haitian economy began recovering from the devastating January 2010 earthquake that destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. However, growth slowed to below 2% in 2015 and 2016 as political uncertainty, drought conditions, decreasing foreign aid, and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth. Hurricane Matthew, the fiercest Caribbean storm in nearly a decade, made landfall in Haiti on 4 October 2016, with 140 mile-per-hour winds, creating a new humanitarian emergency. An estimated 2.1 million people were affected by the category 4 storm, which caused extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure across Haiti’s southern peninsula.

 

US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) have contributed to an increase in apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020, while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2016 reached approximately $850 million and account for over 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP.

 

Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure, including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to $2.6 billion as of December 2017, the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection, it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$32.856 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$31.62 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$33.458 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$32.72 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$33.28 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$34.615 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-1.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.34% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-1.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$2,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$2,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -723,11 +734,14 @@ "text": "$8.608 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "14.7% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "16.84% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "13.4% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "22.8% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "18.7% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -769,10 +783,10 @@ "text": "textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly using imported parts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2.48% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.594 million (2014 est.)", + "text": "5.01 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -787,20 +801,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "40.6% (2010 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "15.73% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "15.45% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "13.91% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs" }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "35.7%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "28.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "45.6% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "58.5% (2012 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { "text": "41.1 (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2001": { - "text": "59.2 (2001)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -837,19 +865,25 @@ "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$348 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$141.371 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$83 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$216.157 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$168.76 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.73 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.241 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.014 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.733 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -859,11 +893,14 @@ "text": "clothing and apparel, eels, essential oils, perfumes, mangoes, cocoa beans (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$5.21 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$5.222 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$5.67 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$4.206 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$5.161 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -873,11 +910,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, rice, clothing and apparel, palm oil, poultry meats (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.361 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.759 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.59 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.355 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -892,20 +932,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "89.227 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "93.51 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "88.815 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "68.032 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "65.21 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "63.34 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "63.34 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "50.71 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "45.22 (2013 est.)" + "text": "64.77 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 7fda61f5..b235953c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.99 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "69.4% (2019)" @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "7.1% (2011/12)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.6%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "27.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "24.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -692,37 +692,37 @@ "text": "

Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing.

 

Honduras’s economy depends heavily on US trade and remittances. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 15% of foreign direct investment is from US firms.

 

The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.1%-4.0% from 2010 to 2017, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. In 2017, Honduras faced rising public debt, but its economy has performed better than expected due to low oil prices and improved investor confidence. Honduras signed a three-year standby arrangement with the IMF in December 2014, aimed at easing Honduras’s poor fiscal position.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$57.273 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$50.89 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$50.894 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$55.91 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$54.46 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$55.905 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "12.53% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.96% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.65% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$5,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -730,14 +730,14 @@ "text": "$25.145 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.48% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.47% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "4.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.37% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ "text": "sugar processing, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.05% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.735 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.314 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -804,34 +804,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.51% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6.3% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.37% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.7% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: about one-third of the people are underemployed" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.6%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "27.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "24.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "48.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "52.1 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": { - "text": "45.7 (2009)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "48.2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -862,25 +862,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.77% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$380 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.222 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$587 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$676.895 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$661.552 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$7.16 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$7.941 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.14 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$6.269 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$7.243 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -890,11 +896,14 @@ "text": "clothing and apparel, coffee, insulated wiring, bananas, palm oil (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$11.5 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$14.495 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$11.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$9.928 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$11.825 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -904,11 +913,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, clothing and apparel, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$4.708 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$8.138 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.814 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$5.744 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$4.769 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -923,20 +935,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "lempiras (HNL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "24.017 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "24.582 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "24.509 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "23.903 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "23.74 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "22.995 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "22.995 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "22.098 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "21.137 (2013 est.)" + "text": "23.487 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index b8e41dd0..39939dfe 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -337,12 +337,12 @@ "text": "3.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "32.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.4% (2016)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "32.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -373,13 +373,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "22.4%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "22.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "31.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -651,37 +651,37 @@ "text": "

The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounts for more than 70% of GDP. The country derives most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Earnings from remittances and tourism each account for 14% and 20% of GDP, while bauxite/alumina exports have declined to less than 5% of GDP.

 

Jamaica's economy has grown on average less than 1% a year for the last three decades and many impediments remain to growth: a bloated public sector which crowds out spending on important projects; high crime and corruption; red-tape; and a high debt-to-GDP ratio. Jamaica, however, has made steady progress in reducing its debt-to-GDP ratio from a high of almost 150% in 2012 to less than 110% in 2017, in close collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The current IMF Stand-By Agreement requires Jamaica to produce an annual primary surplus of 7%, in an attempt to reduce its debt burden below 60% by 2025.

 

Economic growth reached 1.6% in 2016, but declined to 0.9% in 2017 after intense rainfall, demonstrating the vulnerability of the economy to weather-related events. The HOLNESS administration therefore faces the difficult prospect of maintaining fiscal discipline to reduce the debt load while simultaneously implementing growth inducing policies and attacking a serious crime problem. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence fueled by advanced fee fraud (lottery scamming) and the drug trade.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$27.136 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$25.89 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$25.943 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.83 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$28.57 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$28.825 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.6% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-10% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.89% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$9,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$8,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$9,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$9,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$9,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$10,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -689,14 +689,14 @@ "text": "$15.847 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.86% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.23% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -749,10 +749,10 @@ "text": "agriculture, mining, manufacture, construction, financial and insurance services, tourism, telecommunications" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.38% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.113 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.418 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -766,22 +766,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "7.72% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.18% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "9.13% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.48% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "7.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "22.4%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "22.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "31.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -789,10 +792,7 @@ }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "35 (2016)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "38 (2015)" + "text": "35 (2016 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -815,33 +815,42 @@ "text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "101% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "106.28% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "113.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "92.25% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "102.46% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "25.71% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$298 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$125.275 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$288 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$61.433 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$350.949 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.92 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$4.385 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5.79 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$3.343 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$5.991 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -851,11 +860,14 @@ "text": "bauxite, refined petroleum, aluminum, rum, fruits, nuts (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$8.25 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$7.414 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$7.89 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$5.911 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$8.317 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -865,11 +877,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, crude petroleum, natural gas, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.781 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.838 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.719 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.938 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.631 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -884,20 +899,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "150.79 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "142.403 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "133.312 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "128.872 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "128.36 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "125.14 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "125.126 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "116.898 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "110.935 (2013 est.)" + "text": "127.965 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 7e27441d..24e4ccda 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ "text": "1.32 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.65 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.64 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "36.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "35.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index ea1b4350..c55d7e7b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ "text": "1.99 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "3.6% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "-6.6% (2018 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "4.1% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-5.8% (2017 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { "text": "1.9% (2012 est.)" @@ -467,8 +467,8 @@ "text": "$304.1 million (2014 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "2.19% (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2009": { "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" @@ -513,43 +513,60 @@ "text": "10.6% (2008 est.)" } }, - "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.09 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$294.32 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$800 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$290.458 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$165.039 million (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$787.981 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$527.044 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.091 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "sugar" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$992.658 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.22 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$760.824 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$1.237 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.79 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.79 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.79 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.79 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1.79 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.79 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.79 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.79 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.79 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 4e993782..180f548c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "1.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.88 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.87 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "80.4% (2011/12)" @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.6% (2011/12)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.4%" + "text": "10.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -671,37 +671,37 @@ "text": "

Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the Western Hemisphere, has widespread underemployment and poverty. GDP growth of 4.5% in 2017 was insufficient to make a significant difference. Textiles and agriculture combined account for nearly 50% of Nicaragua's exports. Beef, coffee, and gold are Nicaragua’s top three export commodities.

 

The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement has been in effect since April 2006 and has expanded export opportunities for many Nicaraguan agricultural and manufactured goods.

 

In 2013, the government granted a 50-year concession with the option for an additional 50 years to a newly formed Chinese-run company to finance and build an inter-oceanic canal and related projects, at an estimated cost of $50 billion. The canal construction has not started.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$38.628 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$34.98 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$35.007 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$35.68 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$37.05 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$35.645 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.34% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.79% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-3.78% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$5,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -709,14 +709,14 @@ "text": "$12.57 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.93% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.68% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.38% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -769,10 +769,10 @@ "text": "food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.28% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.046 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.042 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -786,23 +786,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.96% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.08% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.21% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.4%" + "text": "10.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -811,9 +814,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "46.2 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": { - "text": "45.8 (2009)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -845,28 +845,31 @@ "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.2% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$694 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$316.6 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$989 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$496.7 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$754.1 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$6.617 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$5.34 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.342 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.71 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$5.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.714 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -876,14 +879,14 @@ "text": "clothing and apparel, gold, insulated wiring, coffee, beef (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$8.306 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$5.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.939 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$6.25 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.75 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$6.252 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -893,11 +896,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, clothing and apparel, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.758 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.047 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.448 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.212 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.397 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -912,20 +918,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "cordobas (NIO) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "35.171 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "34.342 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "33.122 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "31.553 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "30.11 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "28.678 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "28.678 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "27.257 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "26.01 (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.051 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index e388bab2..fcc90dfc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.16 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.15 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "50.8% (2014/15)" @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "2.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "58.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "22.4%" + "text": "30%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "27.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "43.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -691,37 +691,37 @@ "text": "

Panama's dollar-based economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, logistics, banking, the Colon Free Trade Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism and Panama is a center for offshore banking. Panama's transportation and logistics services sectors, along with infrastructure development projects, have boosted economic growth; however, public debt surpassed $37 billion in 2016 because of excessive government spending and public works projects. The US-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement was approved by Congress and signed into law in October 2011, and entered into force in October 2012.

 

Future growth will be bolstered by the Panama Canal expansion project that began in 2007 and was completed in 2016 at a cost of $5.3 billion - about 10-15% of current GDP. The expansion project more than doubled the Canal's capacity, enabling it to accommodate high-capacity vessels such as tankers and neopanamax vessels that are too large to traverse the existing canal. The US and China are the top users of the Canal.

 

Strong economic performance has not translated into broadly shared prosperity, as Panama has the second worst income distribution in Latin America. About one-fourth of the population lives in poverty; however, from 2006 to 2012 poverty was reduced by 10 percentage points.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$126.352 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$109.52 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$109.551 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$133.47 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$129.54 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$133.509 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "15.34% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-17.94% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.98% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$29,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$25,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$25,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$31,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$31,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -729,11 +729,14 @@ "text": "$66.801 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.63% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.55% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "-0.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -786,10 +789,10 @@ "text": "construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "37.5% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.633 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "1.966 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -804,22 +807,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.14% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "12.09% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "12.85% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.73% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "22.4%" + "text": "30%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "27.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "43.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -828,9 +834,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "49.2 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": { - "text": "56.1 (2003)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -861,28 +864,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.51% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$3.036 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.412 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$3.16 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$1.097 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.329 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$27.237 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$20.18 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.179 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$28.58 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$28.55 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$28.622 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "note": "note: includes the Colon Free Zone" }, @@ -893,14 +899,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, copper, bananas, ships, coal tar oil, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$24.627 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$17.41 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$17.502 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$27.38 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$28.9 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$27.599 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "note": "note: includes the Colon Free Zone" }, @@ -911,11 +917,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, tanker ships, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.703 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$9.614 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.878 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.423 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$2.121 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -930,20 +939,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "balboas (PAB) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index fa491c56..1c18620a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ "text": "1.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.88 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.88 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index d4d01190..d41bd556 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "text": "1.24 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.6 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.61 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "37.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "37.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -334,13 +334,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26.6%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "28.9%" + "text": "19.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "23.1% (2012 est.)" + "text": "15.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -559,38 +559,38 @@ "text": "

Puerto Rico had one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region until 2006; however, growth has been negative for each of the last 11 years. The downturn coincided with the phaseout of tax preferences that had led US firms to invest heavily in the Commonwealth since the 1950s, and a steep rise in the price of oil, which generates most of the island's electricity.

 

Diminished job opportunities prompted a sharp rise in outmigration, as many Puerto Ricans sought jobs on the US mainland. Unemployment reached 16% in 2011, but declined to 11.5% in December 2017. US minimum wage laws apply in Puerto Rico, hampering job expansion. Per capita income is about two-thirds that of the US mainland.

 

The industrial sector greatly exceeds agriculture as the locus of economic activity and income. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income with estimated arrivals of more than 3.6 million tourists in 2008. Puerto Rico's merchandise trade surplus is exceptionally strong, with exports nearly 50% greater than imports, and its current account surplus about 10% of GDP.

 

Closing the budget deficit while restoring economic growth and employment remain the central concerns of the government. The gap between revenues and expenditures amounted to 0.6% of GDP in 2016, although analysts believe that not all expenditures have been accounted for in the budget and a better accounting of costs would yield an overall deficit of roughly 5% of GDP. Public debt remained steady at 92.5% of GDP in 2017, about $17,000 per person, or nearly three times the per capita debt of the State of Connecticut, the highest in the US. Much of that debt was issued by state-run schools and public corporations, including water and electric utilities. In June 2015, Governor Alejandro GARCIA Padilla announced that the island could not pay back at least $73 billion in debt and that it would seek a deal with its creditors.

 

Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico square on in September 2017, causing electrical power outages to 90% of the territory, as well as extensive loss of housing and infrastructure and contamination of potable water. Despite massive efforts, more than 40% of the territory remained without electricity as of yearend 2017. As a result of the destruction, many Puerto Ricans have emigrated to the US mainland.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$106.5 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$106.82 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$106.28 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$111.16 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$109.53 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$111.117 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-2.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "0.21% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-1.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.35% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$32,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$33,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$32,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$34,800 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$34,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ "text": "-2.1% (2017 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.139 million (December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.136 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -665,22 +665,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.27% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "11.8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.89% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26.6%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "28.9%" + "text": "19.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "23.1% (2012 est.)" + "text": "15.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 0ada1da9..9ac7a500 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "text": "1.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.87 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.87 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -315,12 +315,12 @@ "text": "0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -600,37 +600,37 @@ "text": "

The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s, tourism has replaced sugar as the economy’s traditional mainstay. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in the 2009-2013 period, and the economy returned to growth only in 2014. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, Saint Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand.

 

Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. The government has made notable progress in reducing its public debt, from 154% of GDP in 2011 to 83% in 2013, although it still faces one of the highest levels in the world, largely attributable to public enterprise losses. Saint Kitts and Nevis is among other countries in the Caribbean that supplement their economic activity through economic citizenship programs, whereby foreigners can obtain citizenship from Saint Kitts and Nevis by investing there.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.261 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.24 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.272 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.39 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.36 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.488 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-0.88% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-14.53% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.05% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$26,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$23,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$26,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$26,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$25,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$31,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -638,11 +638,14 @@ "text": "$964 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.17% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "-0.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -683,7 +686,7 @@ "text": "tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.55% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "18,170 (June 1995 est.)" @@ -724,25 +727,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.03% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$97 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$61.009 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$102 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$78.456 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$25.045 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$610 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$408.471 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$53.9 million (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$383.152 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$598.343 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -752,11 +761,14 @@ "text": "low-voltage protection equipment, broadcasting equipment, measuring instruments, electric motor parts, electrical transformers (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$590 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$441.192 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$307.9 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$432.584 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$602.385 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -766,11 +778,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, jewelry, ships, cars, poultry meats, cement (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$365.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$337.533 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$320.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$373.502 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$362.798 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -785,20 +800,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index df11cad5..3b626322 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "text": "1.72 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.84 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.84 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "55.5% (2011/12)" @@ -318,12 +318,12 @@ "text": "0.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.8% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -351,13 +351,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "44.7%" + "text": "38.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "46.4%" + "text": "41%" }, "female": { - "text": "42.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "36.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -611,37 +611,37 @@ "text": "

The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition.

 

Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the CHASTANET administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks.

 

St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.344 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2.25 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.088 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.82 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.78 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.761 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "12.23% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-24.36% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.65% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$11,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$15,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -649,11 +649,14 @@ "text": "$1.686 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-3.1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.76% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.54% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -694,10 +697,10 @@ "text": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.8% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "79,700 (2012 est.)" + "text": "99,900 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -711,19 +714,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2003": { - "text": "20% (2003 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "16.91% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "16.89% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "15.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "44.7%" + "text": "38.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "46.4%" + "text": "41%" }, "female": { - "text": "42.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "36.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -762,25 +771,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "18.24% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$21 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.289 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$31 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$237.61 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$119.6 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.22 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$890.724 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$188.2 million (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$445.965 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.209 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -790,11 +805,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, beer, jewelry, bananas, refined petroleum, rum (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$846.484 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$575.9 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$672.769 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$968.174 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -804,11 +822,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars, poultry meats, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$321.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$433.117 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$320.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$231.361 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$260.87 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -823,20 +844,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 80d81e11..ea99dd70 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ "text": "1.64 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 32fb7538..ae937866 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "text": "1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.8 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.8 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ "text": "0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "48.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.9% (2011)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "48.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -348,13 +348,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.4% (2016 est.)" + "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -618,37 +618,37 @@ "text": "

Trinidad and Tobago relies on its energy sector for much of its economic activity, and has one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8% per year, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then, contracting during 2009-12, making small gains in 2013 and contracting again in 2014-17. Trinidad and Tobago is buffered by considerable foreign reserves and a sovereign wealth fund that equals about one-and-a-half times the national budget, but the country is still in a recession and the government faces the dual challenge of gas shortages and a low price environment. Large-scale energy projects in the last quarter of 2017 are helping to mitigate the gas shortages.

 

Energy production and downstream industrial use dominate the economy. Oil and gas typically account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports but less than 5% of employment. Trinidad and Tobago is home to one of the largest natural gas liquefaction facilities in the Western Hemisphere. The country produces about nine times more natural gas than crude oil on an energy equivalent basis with gas contributing about two-thirds of energy sector government revenue. The US is the country’s largest trading partner, accounting for 28% of its total imports and 48% of its exports.

 

Economic diversification is a longstanding government talking point, and Trinidad and Tobago has much potential due to its stable, democratic government and its educated, English speaking workforce. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. Unfortunately, a host of other factors, including low labor productivity, inefficient government bureaucracy, and corruption, have hampered economic development.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$35.147 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$33.21 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$35.511 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$36.03 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.48 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$38.465 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-2.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-1.03% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-6.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.68% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$23,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$23,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$23,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$25,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$26,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$25,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -656,11 +656,14 @@ "text": "$24.031 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.6% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -710,10 +713,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-4.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.99% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "629,400 (2017 est.)" + "text": "702,900 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -727,22 +730,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.57% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.4% (2016 est.)" + "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -776,25 +782,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.52% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$2.325 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.9 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$653 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.356 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.02 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$9.57 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$11.467 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$11.57 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$6.44 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$9.566 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -804,11 +816,14 @@ "text": "natural gas, industrial alcohols, crude petroleum, ammonia, iron products, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$7.93 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$8.592 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$9.16 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$6.785 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$7.96 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -818,11 +833,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, excavation machinery, shipping containers, iron, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$8.892 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$6.88 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$9.995 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$6.954 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$6.929 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -837,20 +855,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6.759 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "6.751 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "6.754 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "6.771 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "6.78 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "6.669 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "6.669 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.4041 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.4041 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 46de9822..79a979ac 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.83 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.83 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "34.4% (2019/20)" @@ -274,12 +274,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -492,37 +492,37 @@ "text": "The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the more than 1 million visitors that arrive annually. Three-quarters of the visitors come by ship. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts." }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$835.171 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$820 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$817.993 million (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.12 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.06 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.117 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.3% (2018 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.1% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-26.78% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$18,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$21,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$18,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$29,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$25,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "text": "tourism, offshore financial services" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,848 (1990 est.)" @@ -610,9 +610,23 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, + "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "$172.709 million (2018 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2017": { + "text": "$35.016 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2016": { + "text": "$247.081 million (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$830 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$827 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2017": { + "text": "$603 million (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -623,7 +637,10 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$540 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$544.219 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2017": { + "text": "$484.842 million (2017 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index adf61bfc..bfa760bc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ "text": "1.98 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.96 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -252,12 +252,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "49.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "49.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -499,47 +499,50 @@ "text": "

Most of Curacao's GDP results from services. Tourism, petroleum refining and bunkering, offshore finance, and transportation and communications are the mainstays of this small island economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Curacao has limited natural resources, poor soil, and inadequate water supplies, and budgetary problems complicate reform of the health and education systems. Although GDP grew only slightly during the past decade, Curacao enjoys a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared to other countries in the region.

Curacao has an excellent natural harbor that can accommodate large oil tankers, and the port of Willemstad hosts a free trade zone and a dry dock. Venezuelan state-owned oil company PdVSA, under a contract in effect until 2019, leases the single refinery on the island from the government, directly employing some 1,000 people. Most of the oil for the refinery is imported from Venezuela and most of the refined products are exported to the US and Asia. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Venezuela being the major suppliers.

The government is attempting to diversify its industry and trade. Curacao is an Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) of the European Union. Nationals of Curacao are citizens of the European Union, even though it is not a member. Based on its OCT status, products that originate in Curacao have preferential access to the EU and are exempt from import duties. Curacao is a beneficiary of the Caribbean Basin Initiative and, as a result, products originating in Curacao can be imported tax free into the US if at least 35% has been added to the value of these products in Curacao. The island has state-of-the-art information and communication technology connectivity with the rest of the world, including a Tier IV datacenter. With several direct satellite and submarine optic fiber cables, Curacao has one of the best Internet speeds and reliability in the Western Hemisphere.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.167 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$3.038 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3.99 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4.08 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$3.725 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.23% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2011": { - "text": "2% (2011 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-18.44% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { - "text": "0.1% (2010 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-3.37% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$20,800 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$19,600 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$24,500 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$25,100 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$25,475 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$23,700 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.6 billion (2012 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { - "text": "2.6% (2013 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.62% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "2.58% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.59% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -630,19 +633,25 @@ "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2011": { - "text": "-$400 million (2011 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$596.437 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2010": { - "text": "-$600 million (2010 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$688.805 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$540.731 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.77 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.28 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.93 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.014 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.775 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -653,11 +662,14 @@ "text": "gold, precious metal scraps, petroleum coke, frozen fish, coal tar oil (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2.33 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.915 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.75 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$1.709 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$2.331 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -675,20 +687,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.79 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.79 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.79 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.79 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1.79 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.79 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.79 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.79 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.79 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index fda09794..3a4312d9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.86 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ "text": "0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, @@ -336,6 +336,17 @@ "female": { "text": "15 years (2015)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "41.1%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "39.7%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "43.9% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -579,37 +590,37 @@ "text": "

Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity, as well as remittances. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is home to a small offshore banking sector and continues to fully adopt international regulatory standards.

 

This lower-middle-income country remains vulnerable to natural and external shocks. The economy has shown some signs of recovery due to increased tourist arrivals, falling oil prices and renewed growth in the construction sector. The much anticipated international airport opened in early 2017 with hopes for increased airlift and tourism activity. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 67% of GDP at the end of 2013.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.429 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.34 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.41 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.38 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.37 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.489 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.35% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.31% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -617,11 +628,14 @@ "text": "$785 million (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.57% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.63% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -668,10 +682,10 @@ "text": "tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.7% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "57,520 (2007 est.)" + "text": "51,700 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -685,8 +699,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "18.8% (2008 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "21.62% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "21% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "19.28% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "41.1%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "39.7%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "43.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -720,25 +751,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "23.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$116 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$211.643 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$122 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$131.46 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$27.903 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$320 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$125.777 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$47.3 million (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$188.834 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$327.51 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -748,11 +785,14 @@ "text": "natural gas, drilling platforms and ships, recreational boats, collector's items, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$450 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$415.725 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$294.6 million (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$373.621 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$425.28 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -762,11 +802,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, ships, poultry meats, tug boats, recreational boats (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$182.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$311.903 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$192.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$205.195 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$193.357 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -781,20 +824,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 62702d4d..e32b8861 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "text": "1.35 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.66 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.67 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -275,12 +275,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "46.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "46.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index bdfa6935..36bdacc4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "text": "2 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.96 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -290,6 +290,9 @@ "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "27.4% (2023)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -303,6 +306,17 @@ "female": { "text": "NA" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "27%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "24.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "37.3% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -437,12 +451,12 @@ "text": "unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands (15 seats; senators directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 2-year terms)

the Virgin Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term" }, "elections": { - "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)
US House of Representatives last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)" + "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2024)
US House of Representatives last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 13, independents 2; composition - men 11, women 4, percent of women 26.7%

delegate to US House of Representatives - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition - 1 woman" + "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 9, independent 6; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%

delegate to US House of Representatives - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition - 1 woman" }, - "note": "note: the Virgin Islands to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote" + "note": "note: the Virgin Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { @@ -456,7 +470,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party [Stacey PLASKELL]
Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Dale BLYDEN]
Republican Party [John CANEGATA]" + "text": "Democratic Party [Stacey PLASKETT]
Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Dale BLYDEN]
Republican Party [John CANEGATA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs)" @@ -497,14 +511,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2013 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.15% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.78% (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-1% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -570,7 +584,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "48,550 (2016 est.)" + "text": "42,200 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -584,11 +598,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "10.4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.27% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "11% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.55% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "12.47% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "27%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "24.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "37.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index b2af5b37..cf9025ba 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "2.5 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.21 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.2 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "39.4% (2018)" @@ -346,12 +346,12 @@ "text": "2.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.8% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.3%" @@ -390,13 +390,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.6%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "10% (2020 est.)" + "text": "27.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "last held on 28 November 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - AJK 19.1%, Ishenim 15%, Yntymak 12.1%, Alliance 9.2%, Butun Kyrgyzstan 7.8%, Yiman Nuru 6.8%, other 30%; seats by party - AJK 15, Ishenim 12, Yntymak 9, Alliance 7, Butun Kyrgyzstan 6, Yiman Nuru 5, other 36; composition - men 70, women 18, percent of women 20.5%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan or AJK 17.3%, Ishenim 15%, Yntymak 12.1%, Alyns 9.2%, Butun Kyrgyzstan 7.8%, Yiman Nuru 6.8%, other 30%; seats by party - AJK 15, Ishenim 12, Yntymak 9, Alyns 7, Butun Kyrgyzstan 6, Yiman Nuru 5, other 36; composition - men 70, women 18, percent of women 20%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance [Mirlan JEENCHOROEV]
Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Homeland) or AJK [Aybek MATKERIMOV]
Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV]
Ishenim (Trust in Kyrgyz) [Rysbat AMATOV]
Mekenchil (Patriotic Party) [Sadyr JAPAROV]
Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or SDPK (dissolved in 2020)
Social Democrats or SDK [Temirlan SULTANBEKOV]
United Kyrgyzstan [Adakhan Kumsanbayevich MADUMAROV]
Yntymak (Unity) [Marlen MAMATALIEV]
Yyman Nuru (Light of Faith) [Nurjigit KADYRBEKOV]" + "text": "Alyans (Alliance) [Mirlan JEENCHOROEV]
Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Homeland) or AJK [Aybek MATKERIMOV]
Butun Kyrgyzstan (United) [Adakhan MADUMAROV]
Ishenim (Trust) [Rysbat AMATOV]
Social Democrats or SDK [Temirlan SULTANBEKOV]
Yntymak (Unity) [Marlen MAMATALIEV]
Yiman Nuru (Light of Faith) [Nurjigit KADYRBEKOV]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Sonata COULTER (since September 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Lesslie VIGUERIE (since 29 December 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016" @@ -686,52 +686,52 @@ "text": "

Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, mountainous, lower middle income country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only cotton is exported in any quantity. Other exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and - in some years - electricity. The country has sought to attract foreign investment to expand its export base, including construction of hydroelectric dams, but a difficult investment climate and an ongoing legal battle with a Canadian firm over the joint ownership structure of the nation’s largest gold mine deter potential investors. Remittances from Kyrgyz migrant workers, predominantly in Russia and Kazakhstan, are equivalent to more than one-quarter of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP.

 

Following independence, Kyrgyzstan rapidly implemented market reforms, such as improving the regulatory system and instituting land reform. In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. The government has privatized much of its ownership shares in public enterprises. Despite these reforms, the country suffered a severe drop in production in the early 1990s and has again faced slow growth in recent years as the global financial crisis and declining oil prices have dampened economies across Central Asia. The Kyrgyz government remains dependent on foreign donor support to finance its annual budget deficit of approximately 3 to 5% of GDP.

 

Kyrgyz leaders hope the country’s August 2015 accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will bolster trade and investment, but slowing economies in Russia and China and low commodity prices continue to hamper economic growth. Large-scale trade and investment pledged by Kyrgyz leaders has been slow to develop. Many Kyrgyz entrepreneurs and politicians complain that non-tariff measures imposed by other EAEU member states are hurting certain sectors of the Kyrgyz economy, such as meat and dairy production, in which they have comparative advantage. Since acceding to the EAEU, the Kyrgyz Republic has continued harmonizing its laws and regulations to meet EAEU standards, though many local entrepreneurs believe this process as disjointed and incomplete. Kyrgyzstan’s economic development continues to be hampered by corruption, lack of administrative transparency, lack of diversity in domestic industries, and difficulty attracting foreign aid and investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$32.221 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$31.02 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$31.098 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$33.95 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$32.46 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$33.949 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.61% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.4% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.6% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$4,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$5,300 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$8.442 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "11.91% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "6.33% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.13% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -781,10 +781,10 @@ "text": "small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.841 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.478 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -798,33 +798,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.18% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.1% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.59% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.71% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.92% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.6%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "10% (2020 est.)" + "text": "27.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "20.1% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "27.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2001": { - "text": "29 (2001)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "29 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -847,36 +847,42 @@ "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "56% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "72.23% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "55.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "54.23% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "51.66% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.92% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$306 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$743.363 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$792 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$374.257 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.067 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.35 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.435 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$3.11 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.73 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$2.352 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$3.108 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -886,14 +892,14 @@ "text": "gold, precious metals, various beans, refined petroleum, scrap copper (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$5.919 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$4.051 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$5.67 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$5.86 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$4.953 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$5.67 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -903,11 +909,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, footwear, clothing and apparel, broadcasting equipment, walnuts (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.177 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.983 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.812 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.429 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -922,20 +931,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "soms (KGS) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "84.641 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "77.346 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "69.789 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "68.84 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "68.35 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "69.914 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "69.914 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "64.462 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "53.654 (2013 est.)" + "text": "68.867 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1087,7 +1096,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the country’s telecom sector (specifically the mobile segment) has likewise been able to prosper; ongoing political tension, increasing repression of the media and information, and continuing problems with corporate governance may be putting a strain on further growth by reducing the country’s appeal to much-needed foreign investors; Kyrgyzstan has been reasonably successful in its attempts to liberalize its economy and open up its telecom market to competition; the mobile market has achieved high levels of penetration (140% in 2021) along with a fairly competitive operating environment with four major players; mobile broadband has come along strongly, reaching over 125% penetration in 2019 before falling back slightly during the Covid-19 crisis; slow-to-moderate growth is expected for both segments in coming years, supported by the anticipated rollout of 5G services starting from late 2022 (2022)" + "text": "the country’s telecom sector (specifically the mobile segment) has been able to prosper; Kyrgyzstan has opened up its telecom market to competition; the mobile market has achieved high levels of penetration (140% in 2021) along with a fairly competitive operating environment with four major players; mobile broadband has come along strongly, reaching over 125% penetration in 2019 before falling back slightly during the Covid-19 crisis; slow-to-moderate growth is expected for both segments in coming years, supported by the anticipated rollout of 5G services starting from late 2022 (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line penetration at nearly 5 per 100 persons remains low and concentrated in urban areas; mobile-cellular subscribership up to over 130 per 100 persons (2020)" diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index e8a6f1e0..25b4a604 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "2.11 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.09 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.08 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "53% (2018)", @@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ "text": "6.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2% (2015)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -386,13 +386,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.8%" + "text": "3.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "3.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (prior to September 2022, the president of Kazakhstan could serve up to two terms of five years each; the legislation was changed in September 2022, reducing the maximum number of terms to one term of seven years); election last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Mazhilis" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (Nur Otan) 81.3%, Jiguli DAIRABAEV 3.4%, Qaraqat ABDEN 2.6%, Meiram QAJYKEN 2.5%, Nurian AUESBAEV 2.2%, Saltanat TURSYNBEKOVA 2.1%, other 5.8%

2019: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (Nur Otan) 71%, Amirzhan KOSANOV (Ult Tagdyry) 16.2%, Daniya YESPAYEVA (Ak Zhol) 5.1%, other 7.7%

1991: Nursultan NAZARBAYEV elected the first president of Kazakhstan; percent of vote 98.8%, other 1.2%
 
" + "text": "election results: 2022: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (Nur Otan) 81.3%, Jiguli DAIRABAEV 3.4%, Qaraqat ABDEN 2.6%, Meiram QAJYKEN 2.5%, Nurian AUESBAEV 2.2%, Saltanat TURSYNBEKOVA 2.1%, other 5.8%

election results: 2019: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (Nur Otan) 71%, Amirzhan KOSANOV (Ult Tagdyry) 16.2%, Daniya YESPAYEVA (Ak Zhol) 5.1%, other 7.7%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (49 seats statutory, 48 as of October 2021); 34 members indirectly elected by 2-round majority vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
Mazhilis (107 seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a 351-member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 12 August 2020 (next to be held in August 2023)
Mazhilis - last held on 10 January 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 12 August 2020 (next to be held in August 2023)
Mazhilis - last held on 10 January 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition (as of October 2021) - men 39, women 9, percent of women 18.4%
Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur Otan 71.1%, Ak Zhol 11%, QHP 9.1%, other 8.8%; seats by party - Nur Otan 76, Ak Zhol 12, QHP 10; composition (as of October 2021) - men 78, women 29, percent of women 27.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.4%" @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Adal [Serik SULTANGALI] (formerly Birlik (Unity) Party)
Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV]
Amanat [Erlan QOSANOV] (formerly Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland))
National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Ashat Nurmagambetuly RAHYMJANOV]
People's Democratic (Patriotic) Party or Auyl or AHDPP [Ali BEKTAYEV]
People's Party of Kazakhstan or QHP [Eruhamet ERTISBAEV]" + "text": "Adal [Serik SULTANGALI] (formerly Birlik (Unity) Party)
Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV]
Amanat [Erlan QOSANOV] (formerly Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland))
National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Ashat Nurmagambetuly RAHYMJANOV]
People's Democratic (Patriotic) Party or Auyl or AHDPP [Ali BEKTAYEV]
People's Party of Kazakhstan or QHP [Eruhamet ERTISBAEV]
Ult Tagdyry [Dos Koshim]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Judy KUO (since October 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Daniel N. ROSENBLUM (since 14 November 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Rakhymzhan Koshkarbayev Avenue, No. 3, Nur-Sultan 010010" @@ -700,52 +700,52 @@ "text": "

Kazakhstan's vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy. Geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, Kazakhstan, g possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries and has made initial attempts to diversify its economy by targeting sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing for greater development and investment. It also adopted a Subsoil Code in December 2017 with the aim of increasing exploration and investment in the hydrocarbon, and particularly mining, sectors.

 

Kazakhstan's oil production and potential is expanding rapidly. A $36.8 billion expansion of Kazakhstan’s premiere Tengiz oil field by Chevron-led Tengizchevroil should be complete in 2022. Meanwhile, the super-giant Kashagan field finally launched production in October 2016 after years of delay and an estimated $55 billion in development costs. Kazakhstan’s total oil production in 2017 climbed 10.5%.

 

Kazakhstan is landlocked and depends on Russia to export its oil to Europe. It also exports oil directly to China. In 2010, Kazakhstan joined Russia and Belarus to establish a Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade. The Customs Union evolved into a Single Economic Space in 2012 and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in January 2015. Supported by rising commodity prices, Kazakhstan’s exports to EAEU countries increased 30.2% in 2017. Imports from EAEU countries grew by 24.1%.

 

The economic downturn of its EAEU partner, Russia, and the decline in global commodity prices from 2014 to 2016 contributed to an economic slowdown in Kazakhstan. In 2014, Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, and announced a stimulus package to cope with its economic challenges. In the face of further decline in the ruble, oil prices, and the regional economy, Kazakhstan announced in 2015 it would replace its currency band with a floating exchange rate, leading to a sharp fall in the value of the tenge. Since reaching a low of 391 to the dollar in January 2016, the tenge has modestly appreciated, helped by somewhat higher oil prices. While growth slowed to about 1% in both 2015 and 2016, a moderate recovery in oil prices, relatively stable inflation and foreign exchange rates, and the start of production at Kashagan helped push 2017 GDP growth to 4%.

 

Despite some positive institutional and legislative changes in the last several years, investors remain concerned about corruption, bureaucracy, and arbitrary law enforcement, especially at the regional and municipal levels. An additional concern is the condition of the country’s banking sector, which suffers from poor asset quality and a lack of transparency. Investors also question the potentially negative effects on the economy of a contested presidential succession as Kazakhstan’s first president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, turned 77 in 2017.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$496.126 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$475.18 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$475.672 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$487.87 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$466.86 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$487.869 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.5% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "6.13% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.41% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.38% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$26,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$25,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$25,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$26,400 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$25,500 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$181.194 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "6.75% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "5.25% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "7.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.02% (2018 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ "text": "oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.685 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.248 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -815,33 +815,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.9% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.89% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "4.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "4.85% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "3.8%" + "text": "3.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "3.4%" + "text": "3.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "4.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "27.5 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": { - "text": "31.5 (2003)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "27.8 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -864,36 +864,42 @@ "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "26.63% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "18.48% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "21.99% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.32% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$7.206 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$7.862 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$138 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$7.59 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$8.282 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$66.132 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$51.75 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$52.355 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$65.91 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$67.15 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$65.919 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -903,14 +909,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, copper, iron alloys, radioactive chemicals (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$49.196 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$44.3 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$46.218 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$51.5 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$46.23 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$52.539 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -920,11 +926,14 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, natural gas, cars, broadcasting equipment, aircraft (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$30.75 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$34.378 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$29.53 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$35.638 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$28.958 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -939,20 +948,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "425.908 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "420.0049 (2020 est.)" + "text": "412.953 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "385.9248 (2019 est.)" + "text": "382.747 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "370.4648 (2018 est.)" + "text": "344.706 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "221.73 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "179.19 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "326.001 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 16c2c620..cdf8ad2a 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.78 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.78 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "68% (2011)", @@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ "text": "12.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17%" + "text": "16.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "16%" + "text": "15.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "18.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -746,37 +746,37 @@ "text": "

Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a centrally planned economy towards a more market-based system. Both economic growth and reform have stalled in recent years, however, and Russia remains a predominantly statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials' hands. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak, and the state continues to interfere in the free operation of the private sector.

 

Russia is one of the world's leading producers of oil and natural gas, and is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia is heavily dependent on the movement of world commodity prices as reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. The economy, which had averaged 7% growth during the 1998-2008 period as oil prices rose rapidly, has seen diminishing growth rates since then due to the exhaustion of Russia’s commodity-based growth model.

 

A combination of falling oil prices, international sanctions, and structural limitations pushed Russia into a deep recession in 2015, with GDP falling by close to 2.8%. The downturn continued through 2016, with GDP contracting another 0.2%, but was reversed in 2017 as world demand picked up. Government support for import substitution has increased recently in an effort to diversify the economy away from extractive industries.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$4.078 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$3,875,690,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.893 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,993,550,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,913,980,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.75% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.66% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.34% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.54% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.83% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$28,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$26,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$26,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$27,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$26,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$27,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -784,14 +784,14 @@ "text": "$1,702,361,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "6.69% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.38% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "4.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -844,10 +844,10 @@ "text": "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "69.923 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "72.444 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -861,22 +861,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.6% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.01% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "4.8% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.59% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17%" + "text": "16.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "16%" + "text": "15.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "18.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -885,9 +888,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "37.5 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "41.9 (2013)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -910,37 +910,43 @@ "text": "-1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "23.05% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "17.28% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "16.17% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.83% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$65.311 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$122.27 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$115.68 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$35.373 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$65.627 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$550.035 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$379.12 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$381.49 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$481.76 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$508.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$481.686 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -950,14 +956,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, wheat, iron (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$379.947 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$304.68 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$304.837 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$353.25 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$343.58 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$352.358 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -967,11 +973,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, aircraft, computers (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$432.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$632.242 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$377.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$596.77 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$555.179 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -986,20 +995,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "73.654 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "73.7569 (2020 est.)" + "text": "72.105 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "63.66754 (2019 est.)" + "text": "64.738 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "66.2 (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.668 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "60.938 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "38.378 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "58.343 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 8161d7d4..fc428389 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "text": "2.45 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.2 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.18 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.3% (2017)" @@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "72.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "7.6% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "72% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.1%" @@ -384,6 +384,17 @@ "female": { "text": "11 years (2013)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "17.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "19.4%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -678,38 +689,38 @@ "text": "

Tajikistan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, antimony, tungsten, and coal. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Today, Tajikistan is the poorest among the former Soviet republics. Because less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the predominant crop, Tajikistan imports approximately 70% of its food.

 

Since the end of the civil war, the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations in the economic sphere, but its poor business climate remains a hindrance to attracting foreign investment. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30%-50% of GDP.

 

Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that in 2017 were equivalent to nearly 35% of GDP. Tajikistan’s large remittances from migrant workers in Russia exposes it to monetary shocks. Tajikistan often delays devaluation of its currency for fear of inflationary pressures on food and other consumables. Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations have hampered economic growth. The dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by almost 65% in 2015, and the government spent almost $500 million in 2016 to bail out the country’s still troubled banking sector.

 

Tajikistan’s growing public debt – currently about 50% of GDP – could result in financial difficulties. Remittances from Russia increased in 2017, however, bolstering the economy somewhat. China owns about 50% of Tajikistan’s outstanding debt. Tajikistan has borrowed heavily to finance investment in the country’s vast hydropower potential. In 2016, Tajikistan contracted with the Italian firm Salini Impregilo to build the Roghun dam over a 13-year period for $3.9 billion. A 2017 Eurobond has largely funded Roghun’s first phase, after which sales from Roghun’s output are expected to fund the rest of its construction. The government has not ruled out issuing another Eurobond to generate auxiliary funding for its second phase.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$38.058 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$34.88 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$34.851 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$33.38 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$31.08 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$33.382 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "4.4% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$3,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$3,600 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,400 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -773,10 +784,10 @@ "text": "aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.04% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.295 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "2.5 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -790,23 +801,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.75% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2015": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.58% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "7.06% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher" }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "17.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "19.4%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "26.3% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "34 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1998": { - "text": "34.7 (1998)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -843,22 +865,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$35 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$734.735 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$362 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$335.906 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$185.295 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.161 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.41 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.409 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.24 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.12 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.243 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -868,14 +893,14 @@ "text": "gold, aluminum, cotton, zinc, antimony, lead (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$4.258 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$3.13 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.125 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.22 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.409 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -885,11 +910,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, wheat, natural gas, bauxite, aircraft (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.292 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.499 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$652.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.238 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.466 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -904,20 +932,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "11.309 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "10.322 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "9.53 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "9.151 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "8.764 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "7.8358 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "7.8358 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.1631 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "4.9348 (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.55 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1069,7 +1097,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the nation of Tajikistan has had to struggle through a further two years of economic hardship following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic; the strain on financial resources inevitably means a continuation of the absence of any meaningful investment or development programs for telecommunications infrastructure; the fixed line telephony and fixed broadband markets continue to languish far behind the mobile sector in terms of teledensity and penetration; with only around 6,000 fixed broadband customers (0.07% penetration), there would appear to be massive growth potential but the limited fixed line infrastructure in the country suggests there’s little likelihood of that occurring any time soon; the size of Tajikistan’s mobile market dwarfs the fixed line segment, with an estimated penetration rate of nearly 120%; with a number of private sector companies active in the mobile market, there been more commitment to investment in network upgrades and expansion; three MNOs have all launched commercial 5G services, initially in areas of the capital city Dushanbe; the move towards higher speed mobile services should further underpin the growth in the nascent mobile broadband market, which is still estimated to be at a relatively low penetration level of 42% (at least relative to most other Asian nations) but is predicted to be a strong compound annual growth rate of more than 8% for at least the next five years (2021)" + "text": "the nation of Tajikistan has had to struggle through a further two years of economic hardship following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic; the strain on financial resources inevitably means a continuation of the absence of any meaningful investment or development programs for telecommunications infrastructure; the fixed line telephony and fixed broadband markets continue to languish far behind the mobile sector in terms of teledensity and penetration; with only around 6,000 fixed broadband customers (0.07% penetration), there would appear to be massive growth potential, but the limited fixed line infrastructure in the country suggests there’s little likelihood of that occurring any time soon; the size of Tajikistan’s mobile market dwarfs the fixed line segment, with an estimated penetration rate of nearly 120%; with a number of private sector companies active in the mobile market, there been more commitment to investment in network upgrades and expansion; three MNOs have all launched commercial 5G services, initially in areas of the capital city Dushanbe; the move towards higher speed mobile services should further underpin the growth in the nascent mobile broadband market, which is still estimated to be at a relatively low penetration level of 42% (at least relative to most other Asian nations) but is predicted to be a strong compound annual growth rate of more than 8% for at least the next five years (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998, while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns; fixed-line over 5 per 100 and mobile-cellular over 121 per 100 (2020)" diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index dab9fde8..cdffda0f 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "2.03 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.99 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.99 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "49.7% (2019)" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "0.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "64.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.1% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "64.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.2%" @@ -388,6 +388,17 @@ "female": { "text": "13 years (2020)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "11%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "13.4%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "7.6% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -586,7 +597,7 @@ "text": "bicameral National Council or Milli Genesi consists of:
People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (56 seats; 48 members indirectly elected by provincial councils and 8 members appointed by the president)
Assembly or Mejlisi (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)

note: in September 2020, the Turkmenistani legislature (Milli Genesi) adopted a constitutional amendment creating an upper chamber, making the legislature bicameral; the chairperson of the Halk Maslahaty is now designated as the constitutional successor to the presidency; as of March 2022, Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW continues to serve in this position after stepping away from the presidency" }, "elections": { - "text": "People's Council - first held on 28 March 2021 for 48 indirectly elected members (next to be held in 2026); first held on 14 April 2021 for 8 presidentially appointed members (next to be held NA)
Assembly - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held NA)" + "text": "People's Council - first held on 28 March 2021 for 48 indirectly elected members (next to be held in 2026); first held on 14 April 2021 for 8 presidentially appointed members (next to be held NA)
Assembly - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held 2023)" }, "election results": { "text": "People's Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 3, independent 45; composition as of mid-2022 (55 members) - men 41, women 14, percent of women 25.5%
Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition as of mid-2022 (116 members) - men 86, women 30, percent of women 25.9%; note - total percent of National Council percent of women 25.7%" @@ -678,36 +689,36 @@ }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$92.33 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$92.331 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$86.86 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$86.859 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$81.787 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$81.788 billion (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.3% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "6.2% (2018 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,500 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + "text": "$15,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,800 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + "text": "$14,300 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$14,205 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$13,700 (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -762,7 +773,7 @@ "text": "1% (2017 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.305 million (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.998 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -776,11 +787,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "11% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.08% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "10.6% (2013)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.95% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.27% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "11%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "13.4%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "7.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -1037,10 +1062,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "9.377 million (2018)" + "text": "9.377 million (2020)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "162.86 (2019)" + "text": "150 (2020)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index d41d47e3..f8342fd5 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.84 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.84 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -341,12 +341,12 @@ "text": "1.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "68.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.9% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "68.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -377,13 +377,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "16%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.5%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.3% (2020)" + "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -676,37 +676,37 @@ "text": "

Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley, in which Uzbekistan’s eastern borders are situated, has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991, the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings.

 

Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdowns in neighboring Russia and China have hurt Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsened its foreign currency shortage. Aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV and election of President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, emphasis on such initiatives and government efforts to improve the private sector have increased. In the past, Uzbek authorities accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets.

 

As a part of its economic reform efforts, the Uzbek Government is looking to expand opportunities for small and medium enterprises and prioritizes increasing foreign direct investment. In September 2017, the government devalued the official currency rate by almost 50% and announced the loosening of currency restrictions to eliminate the currency black market, increase access to hard currency, and boost investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$270.062 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$239.42 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$251.408 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$235.54 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$222.63 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$246.753 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.89% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "7.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.71% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$7,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$7,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$7,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -714,11 +714,14 @@ "text": "$57.789 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "12.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "10.85% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "12.87% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "14.53% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012" }, @@ -772,10 +775,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.37% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "13.273 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.094 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -789,23 +792,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.16% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "5.1% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.04% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.85% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official data; another 20% are underemployed" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "16%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.5%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.3% (2020)" + "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -814,9 +820,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": { "text": "36.8 (2003)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1998": { - "text": "44.7 (1998)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -847,28 +850,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.87% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$1.713 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.825 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$384 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$3.007 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.366 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$16.399 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$14.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$14.532 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$16.99 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$14.14 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$16.993 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -878,14 +884,14 @@ "text": "gold, natural gas, cotton fibers, copper, ethylene polymers (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$27.774 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { "text": "$22.56 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$26.55 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$23.44 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$26.551 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -895,11 +901,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, aircraft, construction vehicles (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$16 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$35.375 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$34.903 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$29.291 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -914,20 +923,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "10,609.464 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "10,054.261 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "8,836.788 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "8,069.606 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "3,906.1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2,966.6 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2,966.6 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2,569.6 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2,311.4 (2013 est.)" + "text": "5,113.879 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1063,18 +1072,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "3,550,069 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3,470,097 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "11 (2020 est.)" + "text": "10 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "33.387 million (2022)" + "text": "35,069,999 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "100 (2022)" + "text": "103 (2021)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1082,7 +1091,7 @@ "text": "Uzbekistan’s telecom markets both wireline and wireless have been playing \"catch up\" in terms of their development following the country's independence from the former Soviet Union; the government has formally adopted the principles of operating as a market economy, many elements of the old centrally planned economic model remain; this has had the effect of reducing the level of interest from foreign companies and investors in building out the necessary underlying infrastructure, which in turn has constrained the rate of growth in the country’s telecoms sector; the last five years has seen an upswing in prospects for the sector as fiber network roll outs continue beyond the main urban centers, while the mobile market experiences some consolidation for stronger, more efficient competitors; growth is present in the fixed broadband segment with penetration projected to reach 24% by 2027 (a 5-year CAGR of 6.2%); despite the promising signs in the fixed markets, it is the mobile segment that continues to dominate Uzbekistan’s telecoms sector in terms of penetration, revenue, and growth;  there are four major operators providing a modicum of competition; three of the four are government owned entities; the mobile market is expected to reach 100% penetration in 2023 a 50% increase in the last five years (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line nearly 11 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 100 per 100 persons; the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbek Telecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 2 private and 3 state-owned operators with a total subscriber base of 22.8 million as of January 2018 (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line nearly 10 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 103 per 100 persons; the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbek Telecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 2 private and 3 state-owned operators with a total subscriber base of 22.8 million as of January 2018 (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber-optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008" @@ -1243,6 +1252,9 @@ "text": "

Uzbekistan-Afghanistan: none identified

Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and plan to hold another meeting in April 2022

Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalized

Uzbekistan-Tajikistan: none identified

Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { + "refugees (country of origin)": { + "text": "13,031 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2022)" + }, "stateless persons": { "text": "59,136 (mid-year 2021)" } diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index a05d520b..21c4218d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ "text": "2.02 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.98 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.2% (2015/16)" @@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ "text": "19.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "19.1% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.9%" @@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.9%" + "text": "6.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.1%" + "text": "6.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.8% (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -734,37 +734,37 @@ "text": "

Since Burma began the transition to a civilian-led government in 2011, the country initiated economic reforms aimed at attracting foreign investment and reintegrating into the global economy. Burma established a managed float of the Burmese kyat in 2012, granted the Central Bank operational independence in July 2013, enacted a new anti-corruption law in September 2013, and granted licenses to 13 foreign banks in 2014-16. State Counsellor AUNG SAN SUU KYI and the ruling National League for Democracy, who took power in March 2016, have sought to improve Burma’s investment climate following the US sanctions lift in October 2016 and reinstatement of Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in November 2016. In October 2016, Burma passed a foreign investment law that consolidates investment regulations and eases rules on foreign ownership of businesses.

Burma’s economic growth rate recovered from a low growth under 6% in 2011 but has been volatile between 6% and 8% between 2014 and 2018. Burma’s abundant natural resources and young labor force have the potential to attract foreign investment in the energy, garment, information technology, and food and beverage sectors. The government is focusing on accelerating agricultural productivity and land reforms, modernizing and opening the financial sector, and developing transportation and electricity infrastructure. The government has also taken steps to improve transparency in the mining and oil sectors through publication of reports under the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2016 and 2018.

Despite these improvements, living standards have not improved for the majority of the people residing in rural areas. Burma remains one of the poorest countries in Asia – approximately 26% of the country’s 51 million people live in poverty. The isolationist policies and economic mismanagement of previous governments have left Burma with poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, underdeveloped human resources, and inadequate access to capital, which will require a major commitment to reverse. The Burmese Government has been slow to address impediments to economic development such as unclear land rights, a restrictive trade licensing system, an opaque revenue collection system, and an antiquated banking system.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$216.948 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$247.24 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$264.29 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$274.69 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$270.11 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$256.16 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-17.91% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.17% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -773,13 +773,13 @@ }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "8.8% (2019 est.)" + "text": "8.83% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.87% (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.57% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -820,10 +820,10 @@ "text": "agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; oil and natural gas; garments; jade and gems" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-20.65% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "22.3 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.122 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -837,22 +837,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.17% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.06% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.9%" + "text": "6.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.1%" + "text": "6.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.8% (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -891,25 +894,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.44% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$240 million (2019 est.)" + "text": "$67.72 million (2019 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$2.398 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "-$2.561 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2017": { + "text": "-$4.917 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$17.52 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$17.523 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$15.73 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$15.728 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2017": { + "text": "$13.629 billion (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -921,10 +930,13 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$17.36 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$17.356 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$18.66 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$18.664 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2017": { + "text": "$18.459 billion (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India" }, @@ -935,11 +947,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, fabrics, motorcycles, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$4.924 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.67 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$4.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$5.824 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$5.646 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -954,20 +969,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "kyats (MMK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1,381.619 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1,518.255 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1,429.808 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1,361.9 (2017 est.)" + "text": "1,360.359 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { "text": "1,234.87 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1,234.87 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,162.62 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "984.35 (2013 est.)" } } }, @@ -1309,10 +1324,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 3 — Burma does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; authorities increased the investigation and prosecution of trafficking crimes, including those involving officials, and the investigation of forced labor in the fishing sector; the government identified and referred more victims to care and enacted legislation enhancing protections for child victims; however, a policy or pattern of forced labor existed; the use of children in labor and support roles by the military increased in conflict zones in Rakhine and Shan States; displacement resulting from military conflict made Rohingya and other ethnic groups vulnerable to human trafficking; the constitutionally guaranteed power of the military continued to limit the government’s ability to address forced adult labor and child soldier recruitment; although authorities allocated increased funding to victim protection, most services to trafficking victims were provided by NGOs and foreign donors (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — Burma does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Burma remained on Tier 3; the military continued the use of children and adults for forced labor; the regime did not prosecute any military or deposed government officials for the forced labor, and it prevented civil society organizations from assisting trafficking victims; displacement resulting from military conflict, exacerbated by the February 2021 military coup that deposed the democratically elected government, made Rohingya and other ethnic groups more vulnerable to human trafficking (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit men, women, and children through forced labor, and women and children in sex trafficking in Burma and abroad; Burmese men are forced to work domestically and abroad in fishing, manufacturing, forestry, agriculture, and construction; fishermen are lured into forced labor in remote waters and offshore by recruitment agencies in Burma and Southeast Asia; Burmese women increasingly are lured to China for marriage under false pretenses and are subjected to sex trafficking, forced concubinage and childbearing, and forced domestic labor; men, women, and children in ethnic minority areas are at increased risk of sex trafficking and forced labor in farming, manufacturing, and construction; men and boys are recruited locally by traffickers for forced labor in oil palm, banana, and rubber plantations, in mining, fishing, and bamboo, teak, rice, and sugarcane harvesting; some military personnel, civilian brokers, border guard officials, and ethnic armed groups continue to recruit child soldiers, particularly in conflict areas" + "text": "human traffickers exploit men, women, and children through forced labor, and women and children in sex trafficking in Burma and abroad; Burmese men are forced to work domestically and abroad in fishing, manufacturing, forestry, agriculture, and construction; fishermen are lured into forced labor in remote waters and offshore by recruitment agencies in Burma and Southeast Asia; Burmese women increasingly are lured to China for marriage under false pretenses and are subjected to sex trafficking, forced concubinism and childbearing, and forced domestic labor; men, women, and children in ethnic minority areas are at increased risk of sex trafficking and forced labor in farming, manufacturing, and construction; men and boys are recruited locally by traffickers for forced labor in oil palm and rubber plantations, in mining, fishing, and bamboo, teak, and rice harvesting; some military personnel, civilian brokers, border guard officials, and ethnic armed groups continue to recruit child soldiers, particularly in conflict areas; discriminatory laws and hiring practices put LGBTQI+ individuals at higher risk for trafficking (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index f6048a2a..8f540f13 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.85 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ "text": "2.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, @@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26.4%" + "text": "23.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "22.7%" + "text": "20.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "32.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "27.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -639,37 +639,37 @@ "text": "

Brunei is an energy-rich sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei boasts a well-educated, largely English-speaking population; excellent infrastructure; and a stable government intent on attracting foreign investment. Crude oil and natural gas production account for approximately 65% of GDP and 95% of exports, with Japan as the primary export market.

 

Per capita GDP is among the highest in the world, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic hydrocarbon production. Bruneian citizens pay no personal income taxes, and the government provides free medical services and free education through the university level.

 

The Bruneian Government wants to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbon exports to other industries such as information and communications technology and halal manufacturing, permissible under Islamic law. Brunei’s trade increased in 2016 and 2017, following its regional economic integration in the ASEAN Economic Community, and the expected ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$26.779 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$27.23 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$27.212 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$26.91 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$25.9 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$26.907 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-1.59% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.13% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.87% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$60,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$62,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$61,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$62,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$60,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$61,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -677,11 +677,14 @@ "text": "$12.13 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.73% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.94% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "-0.39% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -722,10 +725,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, aquaculture, transportation" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-4.17% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "203,600 (2014 est.)" + "text": "219,800 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -739,22 +742,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.65% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.68% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.92% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26.4%" + "text": "23.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "22.7%" + "text": "20.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "32.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "27.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -794,19 +800,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$2.021 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$1.57 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$1.47 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$513.713 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$893.759 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$7.83 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$11.202 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.04 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$6.886 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$7.828 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -817,11 +829,14 @@ "text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, industrial alcohols, industrial hydrocarbons (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$6.81 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$9.219 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$5.68 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$6.382 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$6.806 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -831,11 +846,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars, tug boats, valves (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.488 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.997 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$3.366 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$4.273 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$3.407 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -851,20 +869,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.344 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.33685 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.38 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1.35945 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.364 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1.3699 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.349 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3749 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.267 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1.381 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1167,10 +1185,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Brunei does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government enacted the 2019 Trafficking in Persons Order, which criminalized sex and labor trafficking and separated trafficking crimes from migrant smuggling crimes; the government formalized its interagency anti-trafficking in persons committee; instituted a committee to review foreign worker recruitment practices, ratified the ASEAN Convention against Trafficking in Persons, and acceded to the UN TIP Protocol; however, authorities did not formally identify any trafficking cases, did not initiate any new trafficking prosecutions, and did not convict any traffickers; trafficking victims continued to be detained, deported, and charged with crimes without law enforcement determining if they were forced to commit the illegal acts by traffickers; the government again did not allocate money to a fund established in 2004 for victim compensation and repatriation; a draft national action plan to combat trafficking was not completed for the sixth consecutive year (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — Brunei does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Brunei was downgraded to Tier 3; the government took some steps to address trafficking, including initiating a labor trafficking prosecution, increasing investigations, and continuing construction of shelters; however, officials did not convict any traffickers under its trafficking statute, for the fifth consecutive year, nor did it identify any victims; the government continued to detain, deport, and charge potential victims without attempting to discern if traffickers compelled the victims to engage in unlawful acts (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit foreign victims in Brunei; some men and women who migrate to Brunei to work as domestics or in retail or construction are subject to involuntary servitude, debt-based coercion, contract switching, non-payment of wages, passport confiscation, physical abuse, or confinement; some female migrants entering Brunei on tourist visas are forced into prostitution; some traffickers use Brunei as a transit point for victims used for sex and labor trafficking in Malaysia and Indonesia" + "text": "human traffickers exploit foreign victims in Brunei; some men and women who migrate to Brunei to work in domestic service, retail, or construction work are subject to involuntary servitude, debt-based coercion, contract switching, non-payment of wages, passport confiscation, physical abuse, or confinement; some female migrants entering Brunei on tourist visas are forced into prostitution; some traffickers use Brunei as a transit point for victims used for sex and labor trafficking in Malaysia and Indonesia; Anti-LGBTQI+ laws place some LGBTQI+ individuals at higher risk; Trafficking experts in Brunei have received threats from traffickers (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index def2f639..ee7b2acd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ "text": "2.24 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.08 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "56.3% (2014)" @@ -369,12 +369,12 @@ "text": "6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "24.1% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -394,13 +394,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.7%" - }, - "male": { "text": "1.8%" }, + "male": { + "text": "1.6%" + }, "female": { - "text": "1.5% (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -698,37 +698,37 @@ "text": "

Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade; GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and about 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 700,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 200,000 people in construction. Tourism has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year in 2007 and reaching 5.6 million visitors in 2017. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems.

 

Still, Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia, and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by corruption, limited human resources, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the percentage of the population living in poverty decreased to 13.5% in 2016. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure.

 

The World Bank in 2016 formally reclassified Cambodia as a lower middle-income country as a result of continued rapid economic growth over the past several years. Cambodia’s graduation from a low-income country will reduce its eligibility for foreign assistance and will challenge the government to seek new sources of financing. The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 20% of the government budget will come from donor assistance in 2018. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance.

 

Textile exports, which accounted for 68% of total exports in 2017, have driven much of Cambodia’s growth over the past several years. The textile sector relies on exports to the United States and European Union, and Cambodia’s dependence on its comparative advantage in textile production is a key vulnerability for the economy, especially because Cambodia has continued to run a current account deficit above 9% of GDP since 2014.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$72.238 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$70.08 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$70.116 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$72.36 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$67.59 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$72.356 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.03% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.1% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.05% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$4,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -736,11 +736,14 @@ "text": "$22.09 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.92% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.94% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.94% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -790,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.37% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.913 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.345 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -807,23 +810,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "0.61% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "0.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "0.33% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.15% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: high underemployment, according to official statistics" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "1.7%" - }, - "male": { "text": "1.8%" }, + "male": { + "text": "1.6%" + }, "female": { - "text": "1.5% (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -832,9 +838,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { "text": "37.9 (2008 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2004": { - "text": "41.9 (2004 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -865,28 +868,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.89% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.871 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$12.321 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.731 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.197 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$4.065 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$20.126 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$19.4 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$20.29 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$21.07 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$18.41 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$21.072 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -897,14 +903,14 @@ "text": "clothing, precious metal scraps, trunks/cases, gold, leather footwear (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$32.83 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$23.12 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$23.091 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$25.52 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$21.86 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$25.516 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -914,11 +920,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, clothing, gold, cars, flavored water (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$12.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$20.27 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$9.122 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$21.328 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$18.771 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -933,20 +942,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "riels (KHR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "4,098.723 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "4,092.783 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "4,061.149 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "4,051.167 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "4,055 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "4,058.7 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "4,058.7 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "4,067.8 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "4,037.5 (2013 est.)" + "text": "4,050.58 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 90dc1318..7452ef0f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.69 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.69 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "84.5% (2017)" @@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ "text": "1.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "76.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.4% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "75.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -410,6 +410,17 @@ "text": "14 years (2015)" } }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "11.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "12.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "10.4% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "People - note": { "text": "in October 2015, the Chinese Government announced that it would change its rules to allow all couples to have two children, loosening a 1979 mandate that restricted many couples to one child; the new policy was implemented on 1 January 2016 to address China’s rapidly aging population and future economic needs" } @@ -735,37 +746,37 @@ "text": "

Since the late 1970s, China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion, resulting in efficiency gains that have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Reforms began with the phaseout of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, growth of the private sector, development of stock markets and a modern banking system, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China continues to pursue an industrial policy, state support of key sectors, and a restrictive investment regime. From 2013 to 2017, China had one of the fastest growing economies in the world, averaging slightly more than 7% real growth per year. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2017 stood as the largest economy in the world, surpassing the US in 2014 for the first time in modern history. China became the world's largest exporter in 2010, and the largest trading nation in 2013. Still, China's per capita income is below the world average.

 

In July 2005 moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid-2005 to late 2008, the renminbi (RMB) appreciated more than 20% against the US dollar, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing announced it would resume a gradual appreciation. From 2013 until early 2015, the renminbi held steady against the dollar, but it depreciated 13% from mid-2015 until end-2016 amid strong capital outflows; in 2017 the RMB resumed appreciating against the dollar – roughly 7% from end-of-2016 to end-of-2017. In 2015, the People’s Bank of China announced it would continue to carefully push for full convertibility of the renminbi, after the currency was accepted as part of the IMF’s special drawing rights basket. However, since late 2015 Beijing has strengthened capital controls and oversight of overseas investments to better manage the exchange rate and maintain financial stability.

 

Beijing faces numerous economic challenges including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic household consumption; (b) managing its high corporate debt burden to maintain financial stability; (c) controlling off-balance sheet local government debt used to finance infrastructure stimulus; (d) facilitating higher-wage job opportunities for the aspiring middle class, including rural migrants and college graduates, while maintaining competitiveness; (e) dampening speculative investment in the real estate sector without sharply slowing the economy; (f) reducing industrial overcapacity; and (g) raising productivity growth rates through the more efficient allocation of capital and state-support for innovation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and by 2016 more than 169.3 million migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban areas to find work. One consequence of China’s population control policy known as the \"one-child policy\" - which was relaxed in 2016 to permit all families to have two children - is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the North - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and urbanization. Beijing is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on natural gas, nuclear, and clean energy development. In 2016, China ratified the Paris Agreement, a multilateral agreement to combat climate change, and committed to peak its carbon dioxide emissions between 2025 and 2030.

 

The government's 13th Five-Year Plan, unveiled in March 2016, emphasizes the need to increase innovation and boost domestic consumption to make the economy less dependent on government investment, exports, and heavy industry. However, China has made more progress on subsidizing innovation than rebalancing the economy. Beijing has committed to giving the market a more decisive role in allocating resources, but its policies continue to favor state-owned enterprises and emphasize stability. Beijing in 2010 pledged to double China’s GDP by 2020, and the 13th Five Year Plan includes annual economic growth targets of at least 6.5% through 2020 to achieve that goal. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors considered important to \"economic security,\" explicitly looking to foster globally competitive industries. Beijing also has undermined some market-oriented reforms by reaffirming the \"dominant\" role of the state in the economy, a stance that threatens to discourage private initiative and make the economy less efficient over time. The slight acceleration in economic growth in 2017—the first such uptick since 2010—gives Beijing more latitude to pursue its economic reforms, focusing on financial sector deleveraging and its Supply-Side Structural Reform agenda, first announced in late 2015.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$24.861 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$23,009,780,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$22.996 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$22,492,450,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$21,229,360,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$22.493 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "2.24% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "6.14% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "6.75% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.92% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.95% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$17,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$16,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$16,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$16,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$16,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -774,14 +785,14 @@ "note": "note: because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "0.98% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.42% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -834,10 +845,10 @@ "text": "world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizer; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, railcars and locomotives, ships, aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.22% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "774.71 million (2019 est.)", + "text": "791.383 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: by the end of 2012, China's working age population (15-64 years) was 1.004 billion" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -852,23 +863,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.64% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.82% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.84% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.52% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for registered urban unemployment, which excludes private enterprises and migrants" }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "11.4%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "12.1%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "10.4% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "38.5 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "46.2 (2015 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "38.2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -901,29 +923,32 @@ "note": "note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.09% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$141.335 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$317.301 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$25.499 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$248.836 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$102.91 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.554 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$2,732,370,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.739 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$2.631 trillion (2019 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2,651,010,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -933,14 +958,14 @@ "text": "broadcasting equipment, computers, integrated circuits, office machinery and parts, telephones (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$3.091 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$2,362,690,000,000 (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.38 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2,499,150,000,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2,563,100,000,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.499 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -950,11 +975,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, iron, natural gas, cars, gold (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.236 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$3.428 trillion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.098 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.357 trillion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.223 trillion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -969,20 +997,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6.449 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "6.5374 (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.901 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "7.0403 (2019 est.)" + "text": "6.908 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "6.8798 (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.616 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.1434 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.1958 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "6.759 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1335,7 +1363,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 3 — China does not fully meet the minimum standards for elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government prosecuted and convicted some traffickers and continued to cooperate with international authorities to address forced and fraudulent marriages in China; however, there was a government policy or pattern of widespread forced labor, including the continued mass arbitrary detention of more than one million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and other Muslims in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; the government did not report any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of law enforcement officials allegedly complicit despite continued reports of officials benefiting from, permitting, or directly facilitating sex trafficking; authorities did not report identifying any trafficking victims or referring them to protective services; it is likely that law enforcement arrested and detained unidentified trafficking victims for crimes traffickers compelled them to commit; for the third consecutive year, the government did not report the extent to which it funded anti-trafficking activities in furtherance of the 2013-2020 National Action Plan on Combating Human Trafficking (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — China does not fully meet the minimum standards for elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore China remained on Tier 3; the government initiated its first prosecution of a domestic trafficking case, approved a new National Action Plan for 2021-2030, and conducted some anti-trafficking training; however, there was a government policy or pattern of widespread forced labor, including continued mass arbitrary detention of Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and members of other Turkic and Muslim minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; the government also implemented similar policies against other religious minorities and Tibetans in other provinces; Chinese nationals reportedly suffered forced labor in several countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe hosting Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects; for the fifth consecutive year, the government did not report complete law enforcement data, nor did it identify any trafficking victims or refer them to protection services  (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in China and Chinese people abroad; Chinese men, women, and children are victims of forced labor and sex trafficking in at least 60 countries; traffickers also use China as a transit point to subject foreign individuals to trafficking in other countries throughout Asia and in international maritime industries; state-sponsored forced labor is intensifying under the government’s mass detention and political indoctrination campaign against Muslim minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; well-organized criminal syndicates and local gangs subject Chinese women and girls to sex trafficking within China; women and girls from South Asia, Southeast Asia, and several countries in Africa experience forced labor in domestic service, forced concubinism leading to forced childbearing, and sex trafficking via forced and fraudulent marriage to Chinese men; African and Asian men reportedly experience conditions indicative of forced labor aboard Chinese-flagged fishing vessels; many North Korean refugees and asylum-seekers living in China illegally are particularly vulnerable to trafficking" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index e81eab1e..e02f3c8c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "text": "1.22 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.59 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.6 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.7% (2017)" @@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "47.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "47.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -331,13 +331,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "15%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "13.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "13.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -546,52 +546,52 @@ "text": "

Hong Kong has a free market economy, highly dependent on international trade and finance - the value of goods and services trade, including the sizable share of reexports, is about four times GDP. Hong Kong has no tariffs on imported goods, and it levies excise duties on only four commodities, whether imported or produced locally: hard alcohol, tobacco, oil, and methyl alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws. Hong Kong continues to link its currency closely to the US dollar, maintaining an arrangement established in 1983.

 

Excess liquidity, low interest rates and a tight housing supply have caused Hong Kong property prices to rise rapidly. The lower and middle-income segments of the population increasingly find housing unaffordable.

 

Hong Kong's open economy has left it exposed to the global economic situation. Its continued reliance on foreign trade and investment makes it vulnerable to renewed global financial market volatility or a slowdown in the global economy.

 

Mainland China has long been Hong Kong's largest trading partner, accounting for about half of Hong Kong's total trade by value. Hong Kong's natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. As a result of China's easing of travel restrictions, the number of mainland tourists to the territory surged from 4.5 million in 2001 to 47.3 million in 2014, outnumbering visitors from all other countries combined. After peaking in 2014, overall tourist arrivals dropped 2.5% in 2015 and 4.5% in 2016. The tourism sector rebounded in 2017, with visitor arrivals rising 3.2% to 58.47 million. Travelers from Mainland China totaled 44.45 million, accounting for 76% of the total.

 

The Hong Kong Government is promoting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) as the preferred business hub for renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Hong Kong residents are allowed to establish RMB-denominated savings accounts, RMB-denominated corporate and Chinese government bonds have been issued in Hong Kong, RMB trade settlement is allowed, and investment schemes such as the Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) Program was first launched in Hong Kong. Offshore RMB activities experienced a setback, however, after the People’s Bank of China changed the way it set the central parity rate in August 2015. RMB deposits in Hong Kong fell from 1.0 trillion RMB at the end of 2014 to 559 billion RMB at the end of 2017, while RMB trade settlement handled by banks in Hong Kong also shrank from 6.8 trillion RMB in 2015 to 3.9 trillion RMB in 2017.

 

Hong Kong has also established itself as the premier stock market for Chinese firms seeking to list abroad. In 2015, mainland Chinese companies constituted about 50% of the firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and accounted for about 66% of the exchange's market capitalization.

 

During the past decade, as Hong Kong's manufacturing industry moved to the mainland, its service industry has grown rapidly. In 2014, Hong Kong and China signed a new agreement on achieving basic liberalization of trade in services in Guangdong Province under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), adopted in 2003 to forge closer ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. The new measures, which took effect in March 2015, cover a negative list and a most-favored treatment provision. On the basis of the Guangdong Agreement, the Agreement on Trade in Services signed in November 2015 further enhanced liberalization, including extending the implementation of the majority of Guangdong pilot liberalization measures to the whole Mainland, reducing the restrictive measures in the negative list, and adding measures in the positive lists for cross-border services as well as cultural and telecommunications services. In June 2017, the Investment Agreement and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation (Ecotech Agreement) were signed under the framework of CEPA.

 

Hong Kong’s economic integration with the mainland continues to be most evident in the banking and finance sector. Initiatives like the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, the Hong Kong- Shenzhen Stock Connect the Mutual Recognition of Funds, and the Bond Connect scheme are all important steps towards opening up the Mainland’s capital markets and have reinforced Hong Kong’s role as China’s leading offshore RMB market. Additional connect schemes such as ETF Connect (for exchange-traded fund products) are also under exploration by Hong Kong authorities. In 2017, Chief Executive Carrie LAM announced plans to increase government spending on research and development, education, and technological innovation with the aim of spurring continued economic growth through greater sector diversification.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$444.624 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$420.13 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$418.103 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$447.34 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$454.98 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$447.385 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.34% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.55% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "-1.25% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.86% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-1.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$60,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$56,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$55,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$59,600 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$61,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$365.753 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.57% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.25% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.88% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -644,10 +644,10 @@ "text": "trading and logistics, financial services, professional services, tourism, cultural and creative, clothing and textiles, shipping, electronics, toys, clocks and watches" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.08% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.627 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.842 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -671,22 +671,25 @@ "note": "note: above data exclude public sector" }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.32% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.83% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "2.93% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.83% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "15%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "13.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "13.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -694,10 +697,7 @@ }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "53.9 (2016)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "53.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "53.9 (2016 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -734,22 +734,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$22.469 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$41.712 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$13.516 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$24.092 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$21.23 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$751.26 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$615.88 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$608.159 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$649.02 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$681.28 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$645.007 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -759,14 +762,14 @@ "text": "gold, broadcasting equipment, integrated circuits, diamonds, telephones (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$733.459 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$609.13 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$601.528 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$642.8 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$682.05 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$639.363 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -776,11 +779,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, office machinery, telephones, diamonds (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$431.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$496.867 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$386.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$491.776 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$441.35 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -795,20 +801,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "7.773 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "7.75225 (2020 est.)" + "text": "7.757 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "7.8285 (2019 est.)" + "text": "7.836 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "7.8133 (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.839 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "7.752 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "7.754 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "7.793 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 7124553d..4bd9602a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.98 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "55.5% (2018)" @@ -362,12 +362,12 @@ "text": "3.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "70.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "17.7% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "70% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2%" @@ -406,13 +406,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "16.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.7%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "15.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "People - note": { @@ -732,37 +732,37 @@ "text": "

Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017 Standard & Poor’s became the last major ratings agency to upgrade Indonesia’s sovereign credit rating to investment grade.

 

Poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still part of Indonesia’s economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.246 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$3,130,470,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.131 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,196,620,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,043,880,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.197 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.69% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.07% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "5.03% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.17% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.07% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$11,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$11,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$11,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$11,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -770,14 +770,14 @@ "text": "$1,119,720,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.56% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.92% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.03% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -830,10 +830,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.42% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "129.366 million (2019 est.)" + "text": "138.119 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -847,33 +847,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.31% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.28% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.62% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "16.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.7%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "15.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.4% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "37.8 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "39.4 (2005)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": { + "text": "37.9 (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -896,36 +896,42 @@ "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "42.92% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "33.73% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "33.14% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.31% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$30.359 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$3.459 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$30.633 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$4.433 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$30.279 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$246.87 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$178.26 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$178.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$200.1 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$211.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$200.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -935,14 +941,14 @@ "text": "coal, palm oil, natural gas, cars, gold (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$217.715 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$159.64 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$159.872 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$204.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$218.65 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -952,8 +958,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, telephones, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$130.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$144.908 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$135.916 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$129.186 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -968,20 +980,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "14,308.144 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "14,110 (2020 est.)" + "text": "14,582.203 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "14,015 (2019 est.)" + "text": "14,147.671 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "14,470 (2018 est.)" + "text": "14,236.939 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "13,389.4 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "11,865.2 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "13,380.834 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1334,7 +1346,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "5,792 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "5,684 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "73,000 (inter-communal, inter-faith, and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua; religious attacks and land conflicts in 2007 and 2013; most IDPs in Aceh, Maluku, East Nusa Tengarra) (2021)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index fa5f6540..cccf05b3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.38 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.67 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.68 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "39.8% (2015)", @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ "text": "10% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "47.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "46.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -385,13 +385,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "4.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "5.1%" + "text": "4.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -692,50 +692,50 @@ "text": "

Over the past 70 years, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (slightly less than 1% of GDP) have helped Japan develop an advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-World War II economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features have significantly eroded under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change.

 

Measured on a purchasing power parity basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2017 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after first-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. For three postwar decades, overall real economic growth was impressive - averaging 10% in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and 4% in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the aftereffects of inefficient investment and the collapse of an asset price bubble in the late 1980s, which resulted in several years of economic stagnation as firms sought to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession four times since 2008.

 

Japan enjoyed an uptick in growth since 2013, supported by Prime Minister Shinzo ABE’s \"Three Arrows\" economic revitalization agenda - dubbed \"Abenomics\" - of monetary easing, \"flexible\" fiscal policy, and structural reform. Led by the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing, Japan is making modest progress in ending deflation, but demographic decline – a low birthrate and an aging, shrinking population – poses a major long-term challenge for the economy. The government currently faces the quandary of balancing its efforts to stimulate growth and institute economic reforms with the need to address its sizable public debt, which stands at 235% of GDP. To help raise government revenue, Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate. However, the first such increase, in April 2014, led to a sharp contraction, so Prime Minister ABE has twice postponed the next increase, which is now scheduled for October 2019. Structural reforms to unlock productivity are seen as central to strengthening the economy in the long-run.

 

Scarce in critical natural resources, Japan has long been dependent on imported energy and raw materials. After the complete shutdown of Japan’s nuclear reactors following the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011, Japan's industrial sector has become even more dependent than before on imported fossil fuels. However, ABE’s government is seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards and is emphasizing nuclear energy’s importance as a base-load electricity source. In August 2015, Japan successfully restarted one nuclear reactor at the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima prefecture, and several other reactors around the country have since resumed operations; however, opposition from local governments has delayed several more restarts that remain pending. Reforms of the electricity and gas sectors, including full liberalization of Japan’s energy market in April 2016 and gas market in April 2017, constitute an important part of Prime Minister Abe’s economic program.

 

Under the Abe Administration, Japan’s government sought to open the country’s economy to greater foreign competition and create new export opportunities for Japanese businesses, including by joining 11 trading partners in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Japan became the first country to ratify the TPP in December 2016, but the United States signaled its withdrawal from the agreement in January 2017. In November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Japan also reached agreement with the European Union on an Economic Partnership Agreement in July 2017, and is likely seek to ratify both agreements in the Diet this year.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$5.126 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$5.042 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5,224,850,000,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$5,210,770,000,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$5,180,326,000,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$5.28 trillion (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.66% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.51% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "0.29% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.19% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$40,800 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$39,900 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$41,400 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$41,200 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$40,859 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$41,700 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5,078,679,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "-0.23% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.02% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -788,10 +788,10 @@ "text": "among world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-4.33% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "66.54 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "68.629 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -805,22 +805,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "2.36% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.44% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.8% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "4.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "5.1%" + "text": "4.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "4.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -829,9 +832,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { "text": "32.9 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1993": { - "text": "24.9 (1993)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -854,11 +854,14 @@ "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "237.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "216.28% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "235.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "197.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "197.45% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -868,22 +871,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$185.644 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$157.743 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$177.08 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$147.948 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$176.61 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$919.158 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$793.32 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$794.291 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$904.63 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$929.83 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$904.632 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -893,14 +899,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, personal appliances, ships (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$941.671 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$799.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$801.889 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$913.25 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$928.42 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$913.248 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -910,11 +916,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.264 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.406 trillion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$1.233 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.391 trillion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.322 trillion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -929,20 +938,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "yen (JPY) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "109.754 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "104.205 (2020 est.)" + "text": "106.775 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "108.605 (2019 est.)" + "text": "109.01 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "112.7 (2018 est.)" + "text": "110.423 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "121.02 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "97.44 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "112.166 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 58989de5..d44b0dba 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.92 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.2% (2017)" @@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ "text": "0% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "69.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "9.3% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "69.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -366,6 +366,17 @@ "female": { "text": "11 years (2015)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "6.1%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "5.4%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "6.9% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -690,7 +701,7 @@ "text": "1% (2017 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "14 million (2014 est.)", + "text": "17.16 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: estimates vary widely" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -702,11 +713,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "25.6% (2013 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.59% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "25.5% (2012 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.92% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.59% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "6.1%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "5.4%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "6.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index f5567332..897b48be 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "1.1 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.54 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.54 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "82.3% (2018)", @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ "text": "5.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.1%" + "text": "7.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.1%" + "text": "8.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "6.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -686,37 +686,37 @@ "text": "

After emerging from the 1950-53 war with North Korea, South Korea emerged as one of the 20th century’s most remarkable economic success stories, becoming a developed, globally connected, high-technology society within decades. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorest countries in the world. In 2004, South Korea's GDP surpassed one trillion dollars.

 

Beginning in the 1960s under President PARK Chung-hee, the government promoted the import of raw materials and technology, encouraged saving and investment over consumption, kept wages low, and directed resources to export-oriented industries that remain important to the economy to this day. Growth surged under these policies, and frequently reached double-digits in the 1960s and 1970s. Growth gradually moderated in the 1990s as the economy matured, but remained strong enough to propel South Korea into the ranks of the advanced economies of the OECD by 1997. These policies also led to the emergence of family-owned chaebol conglomerates such as Daewoo, Hyundai, and Samsung, which retained their dominant positions even as the government loosened its grip on the economy amid the political changes of the 1980s and 1990s.

 

The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 hit South Korea’s companies hard because of their excessive reliance on short-term borrowing, and GDP ultimately plunged by 7% in 1998. South Korea tackled difficult economic reforms following the crisis, including restructuring some chaebols, increasing labor market flexibility, and opening up to more foreign investment and imports. These steps lead to a relatively rapid economic recovery. South Korea also began expanding its network of free trade agreements to help bolster exports, and has since implemented 16 free trade agreements covering 58 countries—including the United State and China—that collectively cover more than three-quarters of global GDP.

 

In 2017, the election of President MOON Jae-in brought a surge in consumer confidence, in part, because of his successful efforts to increase wages and government spending. These factors combined with an uptick in export growth to drive real GDP growth to more than 3%, despite disruptions in South Korea’s trade with China over the deployment of a US missile defense system in South Korea.

 

In 2018 and beyond, South Korea will contend with gradually slowing economic growth - in the 2-3% range - not uncommon for advanced economies. This could be partially offset by efforts to address challenges arising from its rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, continued dominance of the chaebols, and heavy reliance on exports rather than domestic consumption. Socioeconomic problems also persist, and include rising inequality, poverty among the elderly, high youth unemployment, long working hours, low worker productivity, and corruption.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.289 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2,187,800,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.198 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,208,960,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,164,810,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.213 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.15% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.71% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.04% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.91% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.16% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$44,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$42,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$42,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$42,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$41,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$42,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -724,14 +724,14 @@ "text": "$1,646,604,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.5% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.54% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.38% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -784,10 +784,10 @@ "text": "electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.09% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "26.839 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "28.674 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -801,33 +801,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.76% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.53% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.85% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.93% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.1%" + "text": "7.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.1%" + "text": "8.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "7.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "6.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "35.4 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "31.6 (2012 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { + "text": "31.4 (2016 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -850,36 +850,42 @@ "text": "1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "46.43% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "39.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "39.97% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "37.56% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.86% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$59.971 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$88.302 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$77.467 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$75.902 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$59.676 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$771.202 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$606.71 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$607.505 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$660.51 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$729.94 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$660.507 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -889,14 +895,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, ships, office machinery (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$698.103 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$540.96 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$541.57 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$607.54 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$649.23 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -906,11 +912,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, refined petroleum, coal (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$389.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$463.281 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$371.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$443.463 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$408.819 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -925,20 +934,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1,143.952 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1,084.65 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1,180.266 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1,189.9 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1,165.358 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1,119.8 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1,100.163 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,130.95 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1,052.96 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1,131.001 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index f6fd6de2..93f54b76 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "2.35 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.15 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.13 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.1% (2017)" @@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ "text": "10.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "21.1% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7.1%" @@ -397,13 +397,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.9%" + "text": "3.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.5%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -699,37 +699,37 @@ "text": "

The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade.

 

Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt.

 

Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts.

 

Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. Laos also has ongoing problems with the business environment, including onerous registration requirements, a gap between legislation and implementation, and unclear or conflicting regulations.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$58.264 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$56.79 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$56.827 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$56.54 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$53.62 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$56.543 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.53% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.5% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "7.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.46% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$7,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$7,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$7,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -737,11 +737,14 @@ "text": "$16.97 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.76% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "3.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -791,10 +794,10 @@ "text": "mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.61% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.582 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.915 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -808,33 +811,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.26% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.03% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.85% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.9%" + "text": "3.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.5%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "36.4 (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2002": { - "text": "34.6 (2002)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "38.8 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -871,19 +874,25 @@ "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$2.057 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$446.572 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$2.07 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$230.973 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.32 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$6.99 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$7.82 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$6.39 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$6.461 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$6.985 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -893,11 +902,14 @@ "text": "electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$7.52 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$6.527 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$7.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$5.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$7.518 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -907,11 +919,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$940.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.393 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.111 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -926,20 +941,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "kips (LAK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "9,697.916 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "9,045.788 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "8,679.409 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "8,401.335 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "8,231.1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "8,129.1 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "8,129.1 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "8,147.9 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "8,049 (2013 est.)" + "text": "8,244.843 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 9e358b05..b9cb01a7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ "text": "1.22 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.6 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.6 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -257,12 +257,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -293,13 +293,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.1%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.9%" + "text": "11.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -472,37 +472,37 @@ "text": "

Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, Macau has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming the territory into one of the world's largest gaming centers. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. In 2016, Macau's gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 76% of total government revenue.

 

Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in the 2010-13 period, largely on the back of tourism from mainland China and the gaming sectors. In 2015, this city of 646,800 hosted nearly 30.7 million visitors. Almost 67% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has slowed greatly since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. Services export — primarily gaming — increasingly has driven Macau’s economic performance. Mainland China’s anti-corruption campaign brought Macau’s gambling boom to a halt in 2014, with spending in casinos contracting 34.3% in 2015. As a result, Macau's inflation-adjusted GDP contracted 21.5% in 2015 and another 2.1% in 2016 - down from double-digit expansion rates in the period 2010-13 - but the economy recovered handsomely in 2017.

 

Macau continues to face the challenges of managing its growing casino industry, risks from money-laundering activities, and the need to diversify the economy away from heavy dependence on gaming revenues. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$44.49 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$35.58 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$37.303 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$81.44 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$83.64 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$81.511 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "9.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "19.27% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-0.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-54.24% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-21.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-2.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$64,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$54,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$55,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$127,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$132,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$122,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -510,14 +510,14 @@ "text": "$53.841 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.81% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.75% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { "text": "3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -567,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.17% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "392,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "404,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -602,22 +602,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.01% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.57% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.1%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.9%" + "text": "11.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -625,10 +628,7 @@ }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "35 (2013)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "38 (2008)" + "text": "35 (2013 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -659,25 +659,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.73% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$16.75 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.956 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$12.22 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$3.926 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$18.714 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$45.35 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$26.625 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$45.62 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$15.807 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$45.557 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes reexports" }, @@ -688,11 +694,14 @@ "text": "broadcasting equipment, jewelry, watches, trunks/cases, telephones (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$17.35 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$22.788 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$18.28 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$15.216 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$17.594 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -702,11 +711,14 @@ "text": "jewelry, watches, electricity, aircraft, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$20.17 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$26.665 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$18.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$25.145 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$22.215 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: the Fiscal Reserves Act that came into force on 1 January 2012 requires the fiscal reserves to be separated from the foreign exchange reserves and to be managed separately; the transfer of assets took place in February 2012" }, @@ -722,20 +734,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "patacas (MOP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.006 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "7.989 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "8.07 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "8.073 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "7.9951 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "7.9951 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "7.985 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "7.9871 (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.026 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 67f83812..c62d2b08 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.93 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "48.1% (2018)" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "7.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.8% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.9%" @@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "21%" }, "male": { - "text": "15.4%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "17.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "22.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -696,37 +696,37 @@ "text": "

Foreign direct investment in Mongolia's extractive industries – which are based on extensive deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten - has transformed Mongolia's landlocked economy from its traditional dependence on herding and agriculture. Exports now account for more than 40% of GDP. Mongolia depends on China for more than 60% of its external trade - China receives some 90% of Mongolia's exports and supplies Mongolia with more than one-third of its imports. Mongolia also relies on Russia for 90% of its energy supplies, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant.

 

Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction, and natural disasters, as well as strong economic growth, because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes.

 

Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008, Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine, among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However, a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI, and a slowing economy, leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister Norovyn ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014, and falling to the 2% level in 2015. Growth rebounded from a brief 1.6% contraction in the third quarter of 2016 to 5.8% during the first three quarters of 2017, largely due to rising commodity prices.

 

The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 stemmed the loss of investor confidence. The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority, but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large drop-off in foreign direct investment, mounting external debt, and a sizeable budget deficit. Mongolia secured a $5.5 billion financial assistance package from the IMF and a host of international creditors in May 2017, which is expected to improve Mongolia’s long-term fiscal and economic stability as long as Ulaanbaatar can advance the agreement’s difficult contingent reforms, such as consolidating the government’s off-balance sheet liabilities and rehabilitating the Mongolian banking sector.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$39.063 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$37.6 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$38.434 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$39.72 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$37.77 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$40.27 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.64% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.56% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.6% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$11,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$11,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$11,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$12,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -734,11 +734,14 @@ "text": "$11.14 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.35% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.8% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "7.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -791,10 +794,10 @@ "text": "construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2.22% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.241 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.331 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -808,22 +811,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.08% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "7.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.01% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "21%" }, "male": { - "text": "15.4%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "17.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "22.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -832,9 +838,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "32.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "36.5 (2008)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -857,36 +860,42 @@ "text": "-6.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "91.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "73.94% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "90% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "60.84% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "65.97% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.15% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.155 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.108 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$700 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$674.612 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$2.162 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$8.95 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$7.65 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.646 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$8.42 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.71 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.416 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -896,14 +905,14 @@ "text": "coal, copper, gold, iron, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$9.256 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { "text": "$7.34 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.25 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$8.48 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.249 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -913,11 +922,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, delivery trucks, construction vehicles, aircraft (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.016 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.38 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.296 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$4.545 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$4.364 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -932,20 +944,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2,849.289 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2,813.29 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2,663.541 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2,472.484 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "2,378.1 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2,140.3 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2,140.3 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,970.3 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1,817.9 (2013 est.)" + "text": "2,439.777 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index ac965541..9630c7a9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.85 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.84 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.2% (2014)" @@ -354,12 +354,12 @@ "text": "1.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "14.1% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -390,13 +390,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.4%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "13% (2020 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -696,37 +696,37 @@ "text": "

Malaysia, an upper middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into a multi-sector economy. Under current Prime Minister NAJIB, Malaysia is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to move further up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology, knowledge-based industries and services. NAJIB's Economic Transformation Program is a series of projects and policy measures intended to accelerate the country's economic growth. The government has also taken steps to liberalize some services sub-sectors. Malaysia is vulnerable to a fall in world commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity.

 

The NAJIB administration is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand and reduce the economy's dependence on exports. Domestic demand continues to anchor economic growth, supported mainly by private consumption, which accounts for 53% of GDP. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics, oil and gas, and palm oil - remain a significant driver of the economy. In 2015, gross exports of goods and services were equivalent to 73% of GDP. The oil and gas sector supplied about 22% of government revenue in 2015, down significantly from prior years amid a decline in commodity prices and diversification of government revenues. Malaysia has embarked on a fiscal reform program aimed at achieving a balanced budget by 2020, including rationalization of subsidies and the 2015 introduction of a 6% value added tax. Sustained low commodity prices throughout the period not only strained government finances, but also shrunk Malaysia’s current account surplus and weighed heavily on the Malaysian ringgit, which was among the region’s worst performing currencies during 2013-17. The ringgit hit new lows following the US presidential election amid a broader selloff of emerging market assets.

 

Bank Negara Malaysia (the central bank) maintains adequate foreign exchange reserves; a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysia's exposure to riskier financial instruments, although it remains vulnerable to volatile global capital flows. In order to increase Malaysia’s competitiveness, Prime Minister NAJIB raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but retreated in 2013 after he encountered significant opposition from Malay nationalists and other vested interests. In September 2013 NAJIB launched the new Bumiputra Economic Empowerment Program, policies that favor and advance the economic condition of ethnic Malays.

 

Malaysia signed the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement in February 2016, although the future of the TPP remains unclear following the US withdrawal from the agreement. Along with nine other ASEAN members, Malaysia established the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, which aims to advance regional economic integration.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$884.106 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$855.6 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$857.588 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$906.24 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$868.85 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$907.832 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.09% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.53% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.31% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.77% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.81% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.41% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$26,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$26,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$25,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$28,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$27,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$27,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -734,14 +734,14 @@ "text": "$364.631 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.48% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.14% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.66% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled" }, @@ -795,10 +795,10 @@ "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production;Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.65% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "15.139 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "16.74 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -812,22 +812,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.3% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.61% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.33% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.5% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.26% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.4%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "13% (2020 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -835,10 +838,7 @@ }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "41 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": { - "text": "49.2 (1997)" + "text": "41.1 (2015 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -861,37 +861,43 @@ "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "54.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "62.03% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "56.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "52.42% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "51.19% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which was an additional $47.7 billion in 2012" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.89% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$12.295 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$14.143 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$8.027 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$14.138 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$12.795 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$256.659 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$207.37 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$208.217 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$237.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$245.89 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$238.361 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -901,14 +907,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, natural gas, semiconductors, palm oil (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$230.188 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$185.59 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$186.613 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$210.68 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$221.83 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$210.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -918,11 +924,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, coal (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$102.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$116.916 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$94.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$107.644 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$103.63 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -937,20 +946,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "ringgits (MYR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "4.143 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "4.064 (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.203 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "4.161 (2019 est.)" + "text": "4.142 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "4.166 (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.035 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.91 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.27 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "4.3 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1297,7 +1306,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "120,126 (Burma) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "123,282 (Burma) (mid-year 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "112,003 (mid-year 2021); note - Malaysia's stateless population consists of Rohingya refugees from Burma, ethnic Indians, and the children of Filipino and Indonesian illegal migrants; Burma stripped the Rohingya of their nationality in 1982; Filipino and Indonesian children who have not been registered for birth certificates by their parents or who received birth certificates stamped \"foreigner\" are not eligible to attend government schools; these children are vulnerable to statelessness should they not be able to apply to their parents' country of origin for passports" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 2b4ab92f..6d15cde1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "text": "3.92 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.88 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "36.7% (2016/18)" @@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ "text": "25.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "27.8% (2009/11)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "8%" @@ -384,6 +384,17 @@ "text": "62.8% (2015)" } }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "5.3%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "6.3%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "4.2% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "People - note": { "text": "the indigenous population of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the most heterogeneous in the world; PNG has several thousand separate communities, most with only a few hundred people; divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in low-scale tribal conflict with their neighbors for millennia; the advent of modern weapons and modern migrants into urban areas has greatly magnified the impact of this lawlessness" } @@ -681,37 +692,37 @@ "text": "

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people. The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities.

 

Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters. Following construction of a $19 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, PNG LNG, a consortium led by ExxonMobil, began exporting liquefied natural gas to Asian markets in May 2014. The project was delivered on time and only slightly above budget. The success of the project has encouraged other companies to look at similar LNG projects. French supermajor Total is hopes to begin construction on the Papua LNG project by 2020. Due to lower global commodity prices, resource revenues of all types have fallen dramatically. PNG’s government has recently been forced to adjust spending levels downward.

 

Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues. In August, 2017, PNG launched its first-ever national trade policy, PNG Trade Policy 2017-2032. The policy goal is to maximize trade and investment by increasing exports, to reduce imports, and to increase foreign direct investment (FDI).

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$36.589 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$36.69 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$36.479 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$38.17 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.06 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$37.672 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "0.3% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.17% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.48% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,300 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -719,11 +730,14 @@ "text": "$19.82 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.48% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "6.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "4.87% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "3.93% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -773,10 +787,10 @@ "text": "copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining (gold, silver, copper); crude oil and petroleum products; construction, tourism, livestock (pork, poultry, cattle), dairy products, spice products (turmeric, vanilla, ginger, cardamom, chili, pepper, citronella, and nutmeg), fisheries products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-7.5% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.681 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.073 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -790,11 +804,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.75% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "2.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.6% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.45% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "5.3%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "6.3%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "4.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -825,33 +853,39 @@ "text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "48.68% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "36.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "40.15% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "36.67% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.88% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "$5.451 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$4.859 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$5.348 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$4.569 billion (2016 est.)" + "text": "$5.175 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$10.6 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$10.597 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$9.224 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2017": { + "text": "$10.254 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -862,10 +896,10 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.84 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.844 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2016": { - "text": "$2.077 billion (2016 est.)" + "Imports 2017": { + "text": "$4.662 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -875,11 +909,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, excavation machinery, crude petroleum, foodstuffs, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.735 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.339 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.656 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$2.239 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { + "text": "$1.762 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -894,20 +931,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "kina (PGK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.509 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.5131 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.46 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3.4042 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.388 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.36915 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.293 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7684 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.4614 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.189 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1232,7 +1269,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "11,601 (Indonesia) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "11,432 (Indonesia) (mid-year 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "24,000 (natural disasters, tribal conflict, inter-communal violence, development projects) (2021)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 0e81c805..2ab20736 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "2.78 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.36 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.35 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.1% (2017)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "6.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "19.1% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2.2%" @@ -404,13 +404,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.1%" + "text": "6.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "9% (2021 est.)" } }, "People - note": { @@ -716,37 +716,37 @@ "text": "

The economy has been relatively resilient to global economic shocks due to less exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from about 10 million overseas Filipino workers and migrants, and a rapidly expanding services industry. During 2017, the current account balance fell into the negative range, the first time since the 2008 global financial crisis, in part due to an ambitious new infrastructure spending program announced this year. However, international reserves remain at comfortable levels and the banking system is stable.

 

Efforts to improve tax administration and expenditures management have helped ease the Philippines' debt burden and tight fiscal situation. The Philippines received investment-grade credit ratings on its sovereign debt under the former AQUINO administration and has had little difficulty financing its budget deficits. However, weak absorptive capacity and implementation bottlenecks have prevented the government from maximizing its expenditure plans. Although it has improved, the low tax-to-GDP ratio remains a constraint to supporting increasingly higher spending levels and sustaining high and inclusive growth over the longer term.

 

Economic growth has accelerated, averaging over 6% per year from 2011 to 2017, compared with 4.5% under the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO government; and competitiveness rankings have improved. Although 2017 saw a new record year for net foreign direct investment inflows, FDI to the Philippines has continued to lag regional peers, in part because the Philippine constitution and other laws limit foreign investment and restrict foreign ownership in important activities/sectors - such as land ownership and public utilities.

 

Although the economy grew at a rapid pace under the AQUINO government, challenges to achieving more inclusive growth remain. Wealth is concentrated in the hands of the rich. The unemployment rate declined from 7.3% to 5.7% between 2010 and 2017; while there has been some improvement, underemployment remains high at around 17% to 18% of the employed population. At least 40% of the employed work in the informal sector. Poverty afflicts more than a fifth of the total population but is as high as 75% in some areas of the southern Philippines. More than 60% of the poor reside in rural areas, where the incidence of poverty (about 30%) is more severe - a challenge to raising rural farm and non-farm incomes. Continued efforts are needed to improve governance, the judicial system, the regulatory environment, the infrastructure, and the overall ease of doing business.

 

2016 saw the election of President Rodrigo DUTERTE, who has pledged to make inclusive growth and poverty reduction his top priority. DUTERTE believes that illegal drug use, crime and corruption are key barriers to economic development. The administration wants to reduce the poverty rate to 17% and graduate the economy to upper-middle income status by the end of President DUTERTE’s term in 2022. Key themes under the government’s Ten-Point Socioeconomic Agenda include continuity of macroeconomic policy, tax reform, higher investments in infrastructure and human capital development, and improving competitiveness and the overall ease of doing business. The administration sees infrastructure shortcomings as a key barrier to sustained economic growth and has pledged to spend $165 billion on infrastructure by 2022. Although the final outcome has yet to be seen, the current administration is shepherding legislation for a comprehensive tax reform program to raise revenues for its ambitious infrastructure spending plan and to promote a more equitable and efficient tax system. However, the need to finance rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in the southern region of Mindanao following the 2017 Marawi City siege may compete with other spending on infrastructure.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$921.826 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$871.56 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$872.09 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$963.83 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$908.26 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.7% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-9.52% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "6.04% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "6.34% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.94% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.12% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$8,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$8,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$8,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -754,14 +754,14 @@ "text": "$377.205 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.93% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.39% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "5.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.39% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -814,10 +814,10 @@ "text": "semiconductors and electronics assembly, business process outsourcing, food and beverage manufacturing, construction, electric/gas/water supply, chemical products, radio/television/communications equipment and apparatus, petroleum and fuel, textile and garments, non-metallic minerals, basic metal industries, transport equipment" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.49% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "41.533 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "44.242 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -831,22 +831,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.11% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.29% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.52% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.1%" + "text": "6.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -855,9 +858,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "44.4 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "46 (2012 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -888,28 +888,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.95% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$3.386 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$6.009 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$8.877 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$11.578 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.047 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$87.79 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$78.82 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$80.034 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$94.74 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$90.37 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$94.741 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -919,14 +922,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, office machinery/parts, insulated wiring, semiconductors, transformers (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$126.508 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$97.58 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$99.943 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$131.01 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$129.74 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$131.013 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -936,11 +939,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, cars, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$81.57 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$108.755 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$80.69 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$109.99 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$89.515 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -955,20 +961,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "49.255 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "48.055 (2020 est.)" + "text": "49.624 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "50.81 (2019 est.)" + "text": "51.796 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "52.71 (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.661 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "45.503 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "44.395 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "50.404 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 1f2952f5..7c2b0330 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "text": "1.16 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.56 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.57 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -336,12 +336,12 @@ "text": "5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -372,13 +372,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.5%" + "text": "9.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "5%" + "text": "7%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -665,37 +665,37 @@ "text": "

Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys an open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Unemployment is very low. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly of electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, medical and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, and on Singapore’s vibrant transportation, business, and financial services sectors.

 

The economy contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but has continued to grow since 2010. Growth from 2012-2017 was slower than during the previous decade, a result of slowing structural growth - as Singapore reached high-income levels - and soft global demand for exports. Growth recovered to 3.6% in 2017 with a strengthening global economy.

 

The government is attempting to restructure Singapore’s economy to reduce its dependence on foreign labor, raise productivity growth, and increase wages amid slowing labor force growth and an aging population. Singapore has attracted major investments in advanced manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology production and will continue efforts to strengthen its position as Southeast Asia's leading financial and technology hub. Singapore is a signatory of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and a party to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations with nine other ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. In 2015, Singapore formed, with the other ASEAN members, the ASEAN Economic Community.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$578.254 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$531.04 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$537.341 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$561.3 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$553.85 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$560.566 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.61% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.14% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.73% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.48% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.34% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$106,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$93,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$94,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$98,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$98,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$98,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -703,14 +703,14 @@ "text": "$372.088 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.18% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.57% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -763,10 +763,10 @@ "text": "electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.32% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.778 million (2019 est.)", + "text": "3.29 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: excludes non-residents" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -782,22 +782,25 @@ "note": "note: excludes non-residents" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "2.25% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.62% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.5%" + "text": "9.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "5%" + "text": "7%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -806,9 +809,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "45.9 (2017)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "45.8 (2016)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -832,37 +832,43 @@ "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "111.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "153.41% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "106.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "128.31% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "110.73% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.89% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$63.109 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$71.926 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$64.042 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$58.139 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$54.273 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$733.782 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$599.2 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$627.442 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$658.54 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$665.7 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$658.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -872,14 +878,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, gold, gas turbines, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$609.28 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$490.68 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$517.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$552.71 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$557.49 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$550.209 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -889,11 +895,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$279.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$425.098 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$271.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$369.834 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$285.478 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -908,20 +917,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.343 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.33685 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.38 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1.35945 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.364 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1.3699 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.349 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3748 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.2671 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1.381 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 58196155..90b9bc02 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ "text": "1.54 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.75 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.75 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73% (2019)" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "2.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "7.7% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "3%" @@ -410,13 +410,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.2%" + "text": "7%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "6.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.9% (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -726,37 +726,37 @@ "text": "

With a relatively well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand is highly dependent on international trade, with exports accounting for about two thirds of GDP. Thailand’s exports include electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. The industry and service sectors produce about 90% of GDP. The agricultural sector, comprised mostly of small-scale farms, contributes only 10% of GDP but employs about one third of the labor force. Thailand has attracted an estimated 3.0-4.5 million migrant workers, mostly from neighboring countries.

Over the last few decades, Thailand has reduced poverty substantially. In 2013, the Thai Government implemented a nationwide 300 baht (roughly $10) per day minimum wage policy and deployed new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners.

Thailand’s economy is recovering from slow growth during the years since the 2014 coup. Thailand’s economic fundamentals are sound, with low inflation, low unemployment, and reasonable public and external debt levels. Tourism and government spending - mostly on infrastructure and short-term stimulus measures – have helped to boost the economy, and The Bank of Thailand has been supportive, with several interest rate reductions.

Over the longer-term, household debt levels, political uncertainty, and an aging population pose risks to growth.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.223 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,206,620,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.204 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,284,830,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,256,360,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.284 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.53% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.62% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.31% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.26% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.15% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$17,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$17,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$16,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$18,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$18,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -764,14 +764,14 @@ "text": "$543.798 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.23% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.85% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.71% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -824,10 +824,10 @@ "text": "tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemical, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, rubber, sugar, rice, fishing, cassava, world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.34% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "37.546 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "40.213 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -841,22 +841,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "0.99% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "1.06% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.72% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.2%" + "text": "7%" }, "male": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "6.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "5.9% (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -865,9 +868,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "36.4 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "48.4 (2011)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -890,37 +890,43 @@ "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "41.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "50.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "40.13% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "39.25% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.48% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$37.033 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$10.345 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$28.423 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$21.058 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$38.256 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$296.002 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$258.42 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$257.981 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$323.88 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$328.58 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$323.878 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -930,14 +936,14 @@ "text": "office machinery/parts, cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, delivery trucks, gold (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$295.78 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$233.75 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$232.039 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$272.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$283.66 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$272.831 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -947,11 +953,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, vehicle parts, gold (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$202.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$246.025 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$171.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$258.104 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$224.356 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -966,20 +975,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "baht per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "31.977 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "30.03 (2020 est.)" + "text": "31.294 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "30.29749 (2019 est.)" + "text": "31.048 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "32.8075 (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.31 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "34.248 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "32.48 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "33.94 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1314,7 +1323,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "91,349 (Burma) (2022)" + "text": "90,759 (Burma) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "41,000 (2021)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index a730318a..826b6f2b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "4.21 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.04 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.98 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "26.1% (2016)" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "10.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "37.5% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2.6%" @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.9% (2016 est.)" + "text": "16.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "People - note": { @@ -670,37 +670,37 @@ "text": "

Since independence in 1999, Timor-Leste has faced great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of offshore oil and gas resources has greatly supplemented government revenues. This technology-intensive industry, however, has done little to create jobs in part because there are no production facilities in Timor-Leste. Gas is currently piped to Australia for processing, but Timor-Leste has expressed interest in developing a domestic processing capability.

 

In June 2005, the National Parliament unanimously approved the creation of the Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and to preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The Fund held assets of $16 billion, as of mid-2016. Oil accounts for over 90% of government revenues, and the drop in the price of oil in 2014-16 has led to concerns about the long-term sustainability of government spending. Timor-Leste compensated for the decline in price by exporting more oil. The Ministry of Finance maintains that the Petroleum Fund is sufficient to sustain government operations for the foreseeable future.

 

Annual government budget expenditures increased markedly between 2009 and 2012 but dropped significantly through 2016. Historically, the government failed to spend as much as its budget allowed. The government has focused significant resources on basic infrastructure, including electricity and roads, but limited experience in procurement and infrastructure building has hampered these projects. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and to reduce poverty.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$6.648 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$4.19 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$6.313 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4.59 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4.786 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-4.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.29% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "31.91% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "23.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$3,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -709,11 +709,14 @@ "note": "note: non-oil GDP" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.96% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-1.3% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "2.29% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.52% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -754,10 +757,10 @@ "text": "printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.65% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "286,700 (2016 est.)" + "text": "569,700 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -771,22 +774,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "4.4% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.07% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "3.9% (2010 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.91% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.9% (2016 est.)" + "text": "16.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -795,9 +801,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "28.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2002": { - "text": "38 (2002 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -828,28 +831,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.86% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$284 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$1.022 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$544 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$308.02 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$133.98 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.315 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$60 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$57.105 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$120 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$120 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$117.472 million (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -859,14 +865,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, various vegetables, scrap iron (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.523 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$850 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$842 million (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.06 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.039 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -876,11 +882,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, cement, delivery trucks, motorcycles (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$544.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$934.781 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$437.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$656.524 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$656.221 million (31 December 2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes assets of approximately $9.7 billion in the Petroleum Fund (31 December 2010)" }, @@ -893,7 +902,22 @@ } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "

the US dollar is used

" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "the US dollar is used" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 7fc0e902..1d1a7dc7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "text": "1.08 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.53 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.53 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "75.2% (2016)", @@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "50.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -655,9 +655,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "33.6 (2014)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2000": { - "text": "32.6 (2000)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 31ff6e7c..0ccf8b16 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "text": "2.05 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "72.8% (2020)" @@ -362,12 +362,12 @@ "text": "2.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "72.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "13.4% (2017)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "72.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -387,13 +387,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -706,34 +706,37 @@ "text": "

Vietnam is a densely populated developing country that has been transitioning since 1986 from the rigidities of a centrally planned, highly agrarian economy to a more industrial and market based economy, and it has raised incomes substantially. Vietnam exceeded its 2017 GDP growth target of 6.7% with growth of 6.8%, primarily due to unexpected increases in domestic demand, and strong manufacturing exports.

 

Vietnam has a young population, stable political system, commitment to sustainable growth, relatively low inflation, stable currency, strong FDI inflows, and strong manufacturing sector. In addition, the country is committed to continuing its global economic integration. Vietnam joined the WTO in January 2007 and concluded several free trade agreements in 2015-16, including the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (which the EU has not yet ratified), the Korean Free Trade Agreement, and the Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement. In 2017, Vietnam successfully chaired the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Conference with its key priorities including inclusive growth, innovation, strengthening small and medium enterprises, food security, and climate change. Seeking to diversify its opportunities, Vietnam also signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Transpacific Partnership in 2018 and continued to pursue the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

 

To continue its trajectory of strong economic growth, the government acknowledges the need to spark a ‘second wave’ of reforms, including reforming state-owned-enterprises, reducing red tape, increasing business sector transparency, reducing the level of non-performing loans in the banking sector, and increasing financial sector transparency. Vietnam’s public debt to GDP ratio is nearing the government mandated ceiling of 65%.

 

In 2016, Vietnam cancelled its civilian nuclear energy development program, citing public concerns about safety and the high cost of the program; it faces growing pressure on energy infrastructure. Overall, the country’s infrastructure fails to meet the needs of an expanding middle class. Vietnam has demonstrated a commitment to sustainable growth over the last several years, but despite the recent speed-up in economic growth the government remains cautious about the risk of external shocks.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.036 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$798.21 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.01 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$775.67 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$724.81 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$981.903 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.16% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.56% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "2.87% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$10,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$8,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$10,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -741,14 +744,14 @@ "text": "$259.957 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.83% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.22% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -801,10 +804,10 @@ "text": "food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.58% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "54.659 million (2019 est.)" + "text": "56.203 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -818,22 +821,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.11% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.17% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.39% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.04% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -842,9 +848,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "35.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "37.6 (2008)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -882,22 +885,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$12.478 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$3.812 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$5.769 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$15.06 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$13.101 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$339.984 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$290.229 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$280.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$258.49 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$204.169 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$280.826 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -907,14 +913,14 @@ "text": "broadcasting equipment, telephones, integrated circuits, footwear, furniture (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$338.021 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$269.808 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$261.68 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$245.63 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$217.684 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$261.683 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -924,11 +930,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, telephones, refined petroleum, textiles, semiconductors (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$49.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$109.371 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$36.91 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$94.834 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$78.335 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -943,20 +952,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "dong (VND) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "23,159.783 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "23,129 (2020 est.)" + "text": "23,208.368 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "23,171.5 (2019 est.)" + "text": "23,050.242 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "23,312.5 (2018 est.)" + "text": "22,602.05 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "21,909 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "21,189 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "22,370.087 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index b0f3bbc0..37d913b3 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "1.54 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.74 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.75 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "46% (2017/18)" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.5% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "67.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.4%" @@ -394,13 +394,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "27%" - }, - "male": { "text": "27.8%" }, + "male": { + "text": "28%" + }, "female": { - "text": "25.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "27.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -692,52 +692,52 @@ "text": "

Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania’s economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone.

Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption.

Albania’s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth.

Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania’s three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$40.822 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$37.73 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$37.619 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$39.02 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$38.19 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$38.976 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.52% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.48% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.07% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.09% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$13,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$13,700 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$13,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$15.273 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.04% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.62% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.41% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ "text": "food; footwear, apparel and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "16% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.104 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.378 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -804,34 +804,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.83% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "11.82% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.32% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.33% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "11.47% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: these official rates may not include those working at near-subsistence farming" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "27%" - }, - "male": { "text": "27.8%" }, + "male": { + "text": "28%" + }, "female": { - "text": "25.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "27.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.3% (2012 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "33.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "30 (2008 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "30.8 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -854,36 +854,42 @@ "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "84.06% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "73.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "75.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "64.57% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.02% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$908 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.37 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$899 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.315 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.219 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$5.612 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$3.47 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.461 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$4.82 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.78 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4.822 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -894,14 +900,14 @@ "text": "leather footwear and parts, crude petroleum, iron alloys, clothing, electricity, perfumes (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$8.004 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$5.67 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.671 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$6.93 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.85 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$6.926 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -911,11 +917,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, tanned hides, packaged medical supplies, footwear parts (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.59 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$5.635 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.109 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$4.817 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.764 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -930,20 +939,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "103.52 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "102.43 (2020 est.)" + "text": "108.65 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "111.36 (2019 est.)" + "text": "109.851 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "108.57 (2018 est.)" + "text": "107.989 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "125.96 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "105.48 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "119.1 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1164,11 +1173,9 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "677 km (2015) (447 km of major railway lines and 230 km of secondary lines)" + "text": "424 km (2017)" }, - "standard gauge": { - "text": "677 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge" - } + "note": "2021-All the trains in the country suspended" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index dbc80544..9df24b4f 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.7 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.7 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -603,14 +603,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.95% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.18% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "-0.1% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "-3.9% (2020 est.) NA" }, "Labor force": { "text": "39,750 (2016)" @@ -719,12 +719,20 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Exports": { - "Exports 2015": { - "text": "$78.71 million (2015 est.)" + "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$448.869 million (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2014": { - "text": "$79.57 million (2014 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$568.257 million (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.842 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$2.335 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -735,11 +743,11 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, medical supplies, essential oils, cars, tanned hides (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2015": { - "text": "$1.257 billion (2015 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$1.727 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2014": { - "text": "$1.264 billion (2014 est.)" + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$2.032 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -757,6 +765,9 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" }, @@ -764,13 +775,10 @@ "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.921 (2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index b24303e4..8c4a7ac8 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.51 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.74 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "79% (2019)", @@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ "text": "25% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "58.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "58.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -376,10 +376,10 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "11.5%" }, "female": { "text": "11.3% (2021 est.)" @@ -682,52 +682,52 @@ "text": "

Austria is a well-developed market economy with skilled labor force and high standard of living. It is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's, but also the US’, its third-largest trade partner. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector.

Austrian economic growth strengthened in 2017, with a 2.9% increase in GDP. Austrian exports, accounting for around 60% of the GDP, were up 8.2% in 2017. Austria’s unemployment rate fell by 0.3% to 5.5%, which is low by European standards, but still at its second highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market.

Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries. The budget deficit stood at a low 0.7% of GDP in 2017 and public debt declined again to 78.4% of GDP in 2017, after reaching a post-war high 84.6% in 2015. The Austrian government has announced it plans to balance the fiscal budget in 2019. Several external risks, such as Austrian banks' exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, the refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine, eased in 2017, but are still a factor for the Austrian economy. Exposure to the Russian banking sector and a deep energy relationship with Russia present additional risks.

Austria elected a new pro-business government in October 2017 that campaigned on promises to reduce bureaucracy, improve public sector efficiency, reduce labor market protections, and provide positive investment incentives.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$484.698 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$463.12 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$463.574 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$495.8 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$488.86 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$495.557 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.56% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.45% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.42% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.58% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.52% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$54,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$51,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$52,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$55,800 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$55,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$445.025 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.77% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.38% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.53% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -780,10 +780,10 @@ "text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and paper, electronics, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.77% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.739 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.661 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -797,19 +797,22 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "7.35% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.3% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "7.7% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.36% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "11.5%" }, "female": { "text": "11.3% (2021 est.)" @@ -819,11 +822,8 @@ "text": "13.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "29.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "30.5 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "30.2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -846,37 +846,43 @@ "text": "-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "78.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "99.91% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "83.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "83.05% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "84.16% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "48.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.19% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$12.667 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$1.627 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$5.989 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$12.897 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$10.636 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$268.277 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$226.79 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$224.734 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$247.17 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$253.3 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$247.738 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -887,14 +893,14 @@ "text": "cars, packaged medical supplies, vehicle parts, medical vaccines/cultures, flavored water (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$265.769 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$211.85 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$211.736 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$232.8 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$238.79 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$231.992 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -904,11 +910,14 @@ "text": "cars, vehicle parts, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, packaged medical supplies (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$21.57 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$33.957 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$23.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$30.44 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$23.616 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -923,20 +932,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.828 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.903 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.878 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.763 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1189,10 +1198,7 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "5,650 km (2020) 4,065 km electrified" - }, - "standard gauge": { - "text": "5,300 km 1.435-m gauge (3,826 km electrified) (2016)" + "text": "6,123 km (2022) 3,523 km electrified" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -1270,7 +1276,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 90,591 (Ukraine) (as of 22 December 2022)" + "text": "67,588 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 90,994 (Ukraine) (as of 2 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 3bd15e2d..1261d493 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.86 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.7% (2018)" @@ -346,12 +346,12 @@ "text": "21% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "44% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1% (2014/15)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "43.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -379,13 +379,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.9%" + "text": "18.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -673,37 +673,37 @@ "text": "

Belgium’s central geographic location and highly developed transport network have helped develop a well-diversified economy, with a broad mix of transport, services, manufacturing, and high tech. Service and high-tech industries are concentrated in the northern Flanders region while the southern region of Wallonia is home to industries like coal and steel manufacturing. Belgium is completely reliant on foreign sources of fossil fuels, and the planned closure of its seven nuclear plants by 2025 should increase its dependence on foreign energy. Its role as a regional logistical hub makes its economy vulnerable to shifts in foreign demand, particularly with EU trading partners. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries, and the port of Zeebrugge conducts almost half its trade with the United Kingdom alone, leaving Belgium’s economy vulnerable to the outcome of negotiations on the UK’s exit from the EU.

 

Belgium’s GDP grew by 1.7% in 2017 and the budget deficit was 1.5% of GDP. Unemployment stood at 7.3%, however the unemployment rate is lower in Flanders than Wallonia, 4.4% compared to 9.4%, because of industrial differences between the regions. The economy largely recovered from the March 2016 terrorist attacks that mainly impacted the Brussels region tourist and hospitality industry. Prime Minister Charles MICHEL's center-right government has pledged to further reduce the deficit in response to EU pressure to decrease Belgium's high public debt of about 104% of GDP, but such efforts would also dampen economic growth. In addition to restrained public spending, low wage growth and higher inflation promise to curtail a more robust recovery in private consumption.

 

The government has pledged to pursue a reform program to improve Belgium’s competitiveness, including changes to labor market rules and welfare benefits. These changes have generally made Belgian wages more competitive regionally, but have raised tensions with trade unions, which have called for extended strikes. In 2017, Belgium approved a tax reform plan to ease corporate rates from 33% to 29% by 2018 and down to 25% by 2020. The tax plan also included benefits for innovation and SMEs, intended to spur competitiveness and private investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$599.814 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$557.11 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$565.149 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$594.47 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$584.05 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$597.165 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.13% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.36% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.41% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.49% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$51,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$48,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$49,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$51,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$51,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$52,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -711,14 +711,14 @@ "text": "$533.028 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.44% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.74% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -771,10 +771,10 @@ "text": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, base metals, textiles, glass, petroleum" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.28% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.122 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.24 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -788,33 +788,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.42% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.55% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "5.36% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.96% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.9%" + "text": "18.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "27.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1996": { - "text": "28.7 (1996)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "27.2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -837,37 +837,43 @@ "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "103.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "119.43% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "106% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "103.38% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "101.39% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "51.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.97% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$1.843 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.917 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$4.135 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$5.702 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$507.275 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$515.625 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$414.79 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$417.222 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$436.3 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$451.25 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$441.566 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -878,14 +884,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, diamonds, natural gas (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$509.018 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$412.85 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$408.343 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$433.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$452.53 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$438.221 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -895,11 +901,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, diamonds, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$26.16 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$41.872 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$24.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$33.296 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$28.97 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -914,20 +923,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.828 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.903 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.878 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.763 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1260,7 +1269,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 64,436 (Ukraine) (as of 13 December 2022)" + "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 65,658 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,159 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 37d5853a..f947593f 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "text": "1.36 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.66 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.66 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "45.8% (2011/12)" @@ -336,12 +336,12 @@ "text": "28% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "63.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.6% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "63.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -372,13 +372,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "35.1%" + "text": "32.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "31.7%" + "text": "28.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "40.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "39.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -677,37 +677,37 @@ "text": "

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals, energy, textiles, and furniture as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. The economy is among the least competitive in the region. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, control much of the banking sector, though the largest bank is a private domestic one. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro through a currency board arrangement, which has maintained confidence in the currency and has facilitated reliable trade links with European partners. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007. In 2016, Bosnia began a three-year IMF loan program, but it has struggled to meet the economic reform benchmarks required to receive all funding installments.

 

Bosnia and Herzegovina's private sector is growing slowly, but foreign investment dropped sharply after 2007 and remains low. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a steady source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity, though public perceptions of government corruption and misuse of taxpayer money has encouraged a large informal economy to persist. National-level statistics have improved over time, but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded.

 

Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$51.244 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$47.05 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$47.649 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$49.17 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$47.82 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$49.183 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.55% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.12% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.83% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$15,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$14,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$14,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -715,11 +715,14 @@ "text": "$20.078 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.98% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-1.1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.05% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.56% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -769,10 +772,10 @@ "text": "steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.87% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "806,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.169 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -786,23 +789,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "33.28% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "15.22% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "35.97% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "15.27% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "15.69% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "35.1%" + "text": "32.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "31.7%" + "text": "28.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "40.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "39.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -811,9 +817,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { "text": "33 (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "33.1 (2007)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -836,37 +839,43 @@ "text": "2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "46.05% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "44.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "44.63% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "45.56% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions." }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.01% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$873 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$557.887 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$821 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$658.601 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$531.917 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$9.948 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$6.81 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$6.936 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$8.17 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$8.57 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$8.199 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -877,14 +886,14 @@ "text": "electricity, seating, leather shoes, furniture, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$12.726 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$9.71 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.726 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$11.15 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$11.55 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.156 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -894,11 +903,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, coal, electricity (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$6.474 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$9.475 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$5.137 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$8.707 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.208 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -913,20 +925,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.654 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.717 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.747 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.657 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.729 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.7674 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.7674 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.7626 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.4718 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.735 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1251,7 +1263,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "149 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 111,370 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" + "note": "note: 112,773 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 839afc5f..b960e1e6 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "text": "1.51 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.74 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.6% (2019)" @@ -338,12 +338,12 @@ "text": "13.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "67.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.1%" @@ -385,13 +385,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "11.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.8%" + "text": "14%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.1% (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -682,52 +682,52 @@ "text": "

As part of the former Soviet Union, Belarus had a relatively well-developed industrial base, but it is now outdated, inefficient, and dependent on subsidized Russian energy and preferential access to Russian markets. The country’s agricultural base is largely dependent on government subsidies. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, an initial burst of economic reforms included privatization of state enterprises, creation of private property rights, and the acceptance of private entrepreneurship, but by 1994 the reform effort dissipated. About 80% of industry remains in state hands, and foreign investment has virtually disappeared. Several businesses have been renationalized. State-owned entities account for 70-75% of GDP, and state banks make up 75% of the banking sector.

 

Economic output declined for several years following the break-up of the Soviet Union, but revived in the mid-2000s. Belarus has only small reserves of crude oil and imports crude oil and natural gas from Russia at subsidized, below market, prices. Belarus derives export revenue by refining Russian crude and selling it at market prices. Russia and Belarus have had serious disagreements over prices and quantities for Russian energy. Beginning in early 2016, Russia claimed Belarus began accumulating debt – reaching $740 million by April 2017 – for paying below the agreed price for Russian natural gas and Russia cut back its export of crude oil as a result of the debt. In April 2017, Belarus agreed to pay its gas debt and Russia restored the flow of crude.

 

New non-Russian foreign investment has been limited in recent years, largely because of an unfavorable financial climate. In 2011, a financial crisis lead to a nearly three-fold devaluation of the Belarusian ruble. The Belarusian economy has continued to struggle under the weight of high external debt servicing payments and a trade deficit. In mid-December 2014, the devaluation of the Russian ruble triggered a near 40% devaluation of the Belarusian ruble.

 

Belarus’s economy stagnated between 2012 and 2016, widening productivity and income gaps between Belarus and neighboring countries. Budget revenues dropped because of falling global prices on key Belarusian export commodities. Since 2015, the Belarusian government has tightened its macro-economic policies, allowed more flexibility to its exchange rate, taken some steps towards price liberalization, and reduced subsidized government lending to state-owned enterprises. Belarus returned to modest growth in 2017, largely driven by improvement of external conditions and Belarus issued sovereign debt for the first time since 2011, which provided the country with badly-needed liquidity, and issued $600 million worth of Eurobonds in February 2018, predominantly to US and British investors.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$184.482 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$179.97 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$180.335 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$181.61 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$179.1 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$181.605 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.7% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.22% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.17% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.53% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$19,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$19,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$19,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$19,300 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,900 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$63.168 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "9.46% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.55% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "5.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -780,10 +780,10 @@ "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles, refrigerators, washing machines and other household appliances" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.7% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.381 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "4.95 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -797,34 +797,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.74% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "1% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.77% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.16% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "11.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.8%" + "text": "14%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.1% (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "5% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "25.2 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1998": { - "text": "21.7 (1998)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "24.4 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -847,36 +847,42 @@ "text": "2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "53.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "33.24% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "53.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "37.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "39.88% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.02% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$931 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.153 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.669 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$178.4 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.246 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$49.425 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$37.04 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$37.183 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$41.97 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$42.27 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$41.975 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -887,14 +893,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, cheese, delivery trucks, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$45.459 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$35.16 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$35.236 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$42.38 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$41.34 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$42.378 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -904,11 +910,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.315 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$8.425 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$4.927 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.468 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$9.394 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -923,20 +932,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.539 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.44 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.092 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.038 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.9 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "15,926 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "10,224.1 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.932 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index c33fa283..f6a08855 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "1.5 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.73 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "37.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.9% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -383,13 +383,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.8%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "14.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.3% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -685,37 +685,37 @@ "text": "

Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the EU in 2007, has an open economy that historically has demonstrated strong growth, but its per-capita income remains the lowest among EU members and its reliance on energy imports and foreign demand for its exports makes its growth sensitive to external market conditions.

 

The government undertook significant structural economic reforms in the 1990s to move the economy from a centralized, planned economy to a more liberal, market-driven economy. These reforms included privatization of state-owned enterprises, liberalization of trade, and strengthening of the tax system - changes that initially caused some economic hardships but later helped to attract investment, spur growth, and make gradual improvements to living conditions. From 2000 through 2008, Bulgaria maintained robust, average annual real GDP growth in excess of 6%, which was followed by a deep recession in 2009 as the financial crisis caused domestic demand, exports, capital inflows and industrial production to contract, prompting the government to rein in spending. Real GDP growth remained slow - less than 2% annually - until 2015, when demand from EU countries for Bulgarian exports, plus an inflow of EU development funds, boosted growth to more than 3%. In recent years, strong domestic demand combined with low international energy prices have contributed to Bulgaria’s economic growth approaching 4% and have also helped to ease inflation. Bulgaria’s prudent public financial management contributed to budget surpluses both in 2016 and 2017.

 

Bulgaria is heavily reliant on energy imports from Russia, a potential vulnerability, and is a participant in EU-backed efforts to diversify regional natural gas supplies. In late 2016, the Bulgarian Government provided funding to Bulgaria’s National Electric Company to cover the $695 million compensation owed to Russian nuclear equipment manufacturer Atomstroyexport for the cancellation of the Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, which the Bulgarian Government terminated in 2012. As of early 2018, the government was floating the possibility of resurrecting the Belene project. The natural gas market, dominated by state-owned Bulgargaz, is also almost entirely supplied by Russia. Infrastructure projects such as the Inter-Connector Greece-Bulgaria and Inter-Connector Bulgaria-Serbia, which would enable Bulgaria to have access to non-Russian gas, have either stalled or made limited progress. In 2016, the Bulgarian Government established the State eGovernment Agency. This new agency is responsible for the electronic governance, coordinating national policies with the EU, and strengthening cybersecurity.

 

Despite a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, low productivity, lack of transparency in public procurements, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$167.804 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$155.06 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$155.902 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$161.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$156.02 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$162.328 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.63% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.96% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "3.39% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.04% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$24,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$22,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$22,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$23,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$22,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$23,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -723,14 +723,14 @@ "text": "$68.49 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.67% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -783,10 +783,10 @@ "text": "electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, automotive parts, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel; outsourcing centers" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.72% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.113 million (2020 est.)", + "text": "3.291 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: number of employed persons" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -801,33 +801,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.66% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.18% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.12% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.23% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.8%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "14.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.3% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23.8% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "40.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "38.3 (2016)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "40.3 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -850,37 +850,43 @@ "text": "1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "32.24% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "27.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "26.92% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "28.69% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.27% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$2.06 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$373.66 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$611 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$31.19 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.264 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$51.505 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$39.27 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$39.541 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$44.04 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$43.52 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$44.041 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -891,14 +897,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, copper, wheat, electricity (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$50.059 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$38.07 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$38.197 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$41.84 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$41.91 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$41.843 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -908,11 +914,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, copper, cars, packaged medicines, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$28.38 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$39.188 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$25.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$37.86 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$27.902 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -927,20 +936,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.654 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.61885 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.716 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1.7669 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.747 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1.7172 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.657 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.7644 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.4742 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1.735 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1263,7 +1272,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 51,140 (Ukraine) (as of 13 December 2022)" + "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 51,140 (Ukraine) (as of 13 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,143 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 17449976..c607e6c6 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.72 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.72 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ "text": "23.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "11.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.8%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.3% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "People - note": { @@ -683,37 +683,37 @@ "text": "

The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by a services sector that accounts for more than four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, finance, shipping, and real estate have traditionally been the most important services. Cyprus has been a member of the EU since May 2004 and adopted the euro as its national currency in January 2008.

 

During the first five years of EU membership, the Cyprus economy grew at an average rate of about 4%, with unemployment between 2004 and 2008 averaging about 4%. However, the economy tipped into recession in 2009 as the ongoing global financial crisis and resulting low demand hit the tourism and construction sectors. An overextended banking sector with excessive exposure to Greek debt added to the contraction. Cyprus’ biggest two banks were among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and had a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Following numerous downgrades of its credit rating, Cyprus lost access to international capital markets in May 2011. In July 2012, Cyprus became the fifth euro-zone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the \"Troika.\"

 

Shortly after the election of President Nikos ANASTASIADES in February 2013, Cyprus reached an agreement with the Troika on a $13 billion bailout that triggered a two-week bank closure and the imposition of capital controls that remained partially in place until April 2015. Cyprus' two largest banks merged and the combined entity was recapitalized through conversion of some large bank deposits to shares and imposition of losses on bank bondholders. As with other EU countries, the Troika conditioned the bailout on passing financial and structural reforms and privatizing state-owned enterprises. Despite downsizing and restructuring, the Cypriot financial sector remains burdened by the largest stock of non-performing loans in the euro zone, equal to nearly half of all loans. Since the bailout, Cyprus has received positive appraisals by the Troika and outperformed fiscal targets but has struggled to overcome political opposition to bailout-mandated legislation, particularly regarding privatizations. The rate of non-performing loans (NPLs) is still very high at around 49%, and growth would accelerate if Cypriot banks could increase the pace of resolution of the NPLs.

 

In October 2013, a US-Israeli consortium completed preliminary appraisals of hydrocarbon deposits in Cyprus’ exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which estimated gross mean reserves of about 130 billion cubic meters. Though exploration continues in Cyprus’ EEZ, no additional commercially exploitable reserves have been identified. Developing offshore hydrocarbon resources remains a critical component of the government’s economic recovery efforts, but development has been delayed as a result of regional developments and disagreements about exploitation methods.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$37.546 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$33.67 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$35.209 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$35.48 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$34.42 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$36.819 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.64% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.37% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "3.08% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.25% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.16% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.53% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$41,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$37,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$39,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$40,200 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$39,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$41,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -721,14 +721,14 @@ "text": "$24.946 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.45% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.64% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.25% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -781,10 +781,10 @@ "text": "tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "13.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.1% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "416,000 (2019 est.)" + "text": "655,100 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -798,33 +798,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.13% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.59% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "7.07% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "8.37% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "11.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.8%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.3% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.7% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "31.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "32.4 (2013 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "31.2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -856,28 +856,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.42% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$1.578 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.957 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$958 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.523 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.445 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$24.551 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$16.1 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$20.379 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$17.92 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$19.02 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$19.835 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -888,14 +891,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, cheese, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$23.748 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$17.58 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.711 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$18.2 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$18.6 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$19.575 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -905,11 +908,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, ships, cars, coal tar oil, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$888.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.611 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$817.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.237 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.033 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -924,20 +930,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } }, "Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots": { @@ -1255,7 +1261,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 14,510 (Ukraine) (as of 18 December 2022)" + "text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 14,510 (Ukraine) (as of 18 December 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 4ba51574..8ec19be7 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.86 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "17.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -378,13 +378,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "10.8%" + "text": "10.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "11% (2021 est.)" + "text": "10.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -668,37 +668,37 @@ "text": "

This thoroughly modern market economy features advanced industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping, and renewable energy, and a high-tech agricultural sector. Danes enjoy a high standard of living, and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. An aging population will be a long-term issue.

 

Denmark’s small open economy is highly dependent on foreign trade, and the government strongly supports trade liberalization. Denmark is a net exporter of food, oil, and gas and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus, but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector.

 

Denmark is a member of the EU but not the eurozone. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, Denmark has negotiated an opt-out with the EU and is not required to adopt the euro.

 

Denmark is experiencing a modest economic expansion. The economy grew by 2.0% in 2016 and 2.1% in 2017. The expansion is expected to decline slightly in 2018. Unemployment stood at 5.5% in 2017, based on the national labor survey. The labor market was tight in 2017, with corporations experiencing some difficulty finding appropriately-skilled workers to fill billets. The Danish Government offers extensive programs to train unemployed persons to work in sectors that need qualified workers.

 

Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the global financial crisis swung the budget balance into deficit. Since 2014 the balance has shifted between surplus and deficit. In 2017 there was a surplus of 1.0%. The government projects a lower deficit in 2018 and 2019 of 0.7%, and public debt (EMU debt) as a share of GDP is expected to decline to 35.6% in 2018 and 34.8% in 2019. The Danish Government plans to address increasing municipal, public housing and integration spending in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$339.472 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$326.2 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$323.751 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$335.36 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$326.07 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$330.34 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.86% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.99% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.85% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.18% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.83% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$58,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$55,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$55,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$57,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$56,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$56,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -706,14 +706,14 @@ "text": "$350.037 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.85% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.42% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -766,10 +766,10 @@ "text": "wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, shipbuilding and refurbishment, iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.25% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.736 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.051 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -783,33 +783,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.05% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.07% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.64% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "10.8%" + "text": "10.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "11% (2021 est.)" + "text": "10.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "28.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "27.5 (2010 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "27.7 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -841,28 +841,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "34.07% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$30.935 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$32.465 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$24.821 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$28.952 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$30.55 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$234.262 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$191.53 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$195.729 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$204.14 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$200.81 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$205.019 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -872,14 +875,14 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, electric generators, pork, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$208.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$170.33 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$172.868 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$178.44 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$179.95 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$179.356 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -889,11 +892,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$75.25 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$82.236 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$64.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$72.823 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$66.836 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -908,20 +914,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6.287 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "6.16045 (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.542 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "6.7506 (2019 est.)" + "text": "6.669 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "6.5533 (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.315 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.7236 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "5.6125 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "6.603 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1258,7 +1264,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 39,482 (Ukraine) (as of 27 December 2022)" + "text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 39,032 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index beb0eb15..bb880010 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "18.5%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.1%" + "text": "18.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "19.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -427,37 +427,37 @@ "text": "

The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs.

 

Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 20 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), Lithuania (2015), and Croatia (2023) have adopted the euro; six other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria.

 

The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc’s recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU’s recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB’s efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB’s statutory target of just under 2%.

 

Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU’s future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK’s exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU’s ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors’ fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$19.739 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$18.716 trillion (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$19.89 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$19.55 trillion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$19.12 trillion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$19.847 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.68% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$44,100 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$41,800 (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$44,436 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$43,761 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$42,848 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$44,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -465,14 +465,14 @@ "text": "$17.11 trillion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.55% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.5% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.63% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -525,10 +525,10 @@ "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverages, furniture, paper, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.43% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "238.9 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "217.042 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -542,22 +542,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "8.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2015": { - "text": "9.4% (2015 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.05% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "18.5%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.1%" + "text": "18.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "19.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -567,9 +570,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "30.8 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "31 (2015 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "45.2% (of GDP) (2014)" + "text": "19.41% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" @@ -606,14 +606,14 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$8.705 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$7.175 trillion (2020 est.)" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$7.102 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$6.93 trillion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$6.691 trillion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$7.765 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: external exports, excluding intra-EU trade" }, @@ -624,14 +624,14 @@ "text": "machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, aircraft, plastics, iron and steel, wood pulp and paper products, alcoholic beverages, furniture" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$8.037 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$6.6 trillion (2020 est.)" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$6.65 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.4 trillion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$6.177 trillion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$7.18 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade" }, diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index c8c53ed3..ca2a5870 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.93 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.93 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -332,12 +332,12 @@ "text": "19% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -365,13 +365,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "17.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "16.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -658,37 +658,37 @@ "text": "

Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. It was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry during 2008-11. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland’s public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland’s banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program.

 

In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. Continued growth of tax receipts has allowed the government to lower some taxes and increase public spending while keeping to its deficit-reduction targets. In 2015, GDP growth exceeded 26%. The magnitude of the increase reflected one-off statistical revisions, multinational corporate restructurings in intellectual property, and the aircraft leasing sector, rather than real gains in the domestic economy, which was still growing. Growth moderated to around 4.1% in 2017, but the recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 0.6% of GDP.

 

In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment during the 2008-11 economic crisis, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland’s low corporation tax of 12.5% and a talented pool of high-tech laborers have been some of the key factors in encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to pay less tax or, in the case of U.S. multinationals, defer taxation owed to the United States. In 2014, amid growing international pressure, the Irish government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a commonly used loophole. The Irish economy continued to grow in 2017 and is forecast to do so through 2019, supported by a strong export sector, robust job growth, and low inflation, to the point that the Government must now address concerns about overheating and potential loss of competitiveness. The greatest risks to the economy are the UK’s scheduled departure from the European Union (\"Brexit\") in March 2019, possible changes to international taxation policies that could affect Ireland’s revenues, and global trade pressures.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$515.88 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$447.97 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$454.167 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$433.17 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$410.33 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$427.715 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "13.59% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "6.18% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "5.86% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "9.42% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "9.49% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$102,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$89,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$91,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$87,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$84,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$86,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -696,14 +696,14 @@ "text": "$398.476 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.36% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.33% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.94% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -756,10 +756,10 @@ "text": "pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.33% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.289 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.518 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -773,33 +773,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.98% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.63% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.78% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.62% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.95% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "17.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "16.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.1% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "32.8 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1987": { - "text": "35.9 (1987 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "30.6 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -822,37 +822,43 @@ "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "68.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "71.58% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "73.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "69.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "75.19% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.51% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$44.954 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$72.22 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$24.154 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$27.412 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$44.934 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$677.028 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$569.061 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$502.31 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$471.6 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$440.693 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$502.313 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -862,14 +868,14 @@ "text": "medical cultures/vaccines, nitrogen compounds, packaged medicines, integrated circuits, scented mixtures (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$477.544 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$486.946 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$452.98 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$361.12 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$359.725 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$452.979 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -879,11 +885,14 @@ "text": "aircraft, computers, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$4.412 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$13.247 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$2.203 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.463 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$5.733 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -898,20 +907,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1245,7 +1254,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "70,070 (Ukraine) (as of 22 December 2022)" + "text": "70,077 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "107 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index ca968434..1fdacb31 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "text": "1.61 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -341,12 +341,12 @@ "text": "23% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.4% (2013/15)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -377,13 +377,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.4%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "15% (2021 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -680,37 +680,37 @@ "text": "

Estonia, a member of the EU since 2004 and the euro zone since 2011, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region, but its economy is highly dependent on trade, leaving it vulnerable to external shocks. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda, and sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and the lowest debt-to-GDP ratio in the EU.

 

The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Russia. The economy’s 4.9% GDP growth in 2017 was the fastest in the past six years, leaving the Estonian economy in its best position since the financial crisis 10 years ago. For the first time in many years, labor productivity increased faster than labor costs in 2017. Inflation also rose in 2017 to 3.5% alongside increased global prices for food and energy, which make up a large share of Estonia’s consumption.

 

Estonia is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, although the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers, and wage growth that outpaces productivity gains. The government is also pursuing efforts to boost productivity growth with a focus on innovations that emphasize technology start-ups and e-commerce.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$51.531 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$47.44 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$47.708 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$48.87 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$46.54 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$47.972 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.01% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.55% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.36% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.51% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.74% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$38,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$35,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$35,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$36,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$35,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$36,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -718,14 +718,14 @@ "text": "$31.461 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.65% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.44% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.28% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -778,10 +778,10 @@ "text": "food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.13% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "648,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "704,700 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -795,33 +795,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.94% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.33% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "4.73% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.8% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.4%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "15% (2021 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.7% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "30.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "35.6 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "30.8 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -844,37 +844,43 @@ "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "9.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.69% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$616 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$709.328 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$280 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$370.205 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$735.796 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$29.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$21.69 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$21.769 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$22.94 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$22.69 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$22.962 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -884,14 +890,14 @@ "text": "broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, prefabricated buildings (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$29.234 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$21.73 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$21.813 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$21.68 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$21.89 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$21.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -901,11 +907,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, coal tar oil, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$345 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.371 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$352.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.997 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.426 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -920,20 +929,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1252,7 +1261,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "65,060 (Ukraine) (as of 26 December 2022)" + "text": "65,381 (Ukraine) (as of 1 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 2586b37a..531df6df 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.73 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ "text": "26.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "49.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "48.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -375,13 +375,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.2%" - }, - "male": { "text": "7.6%" }, + "male": { + "text": "6.9%" + }, "female": { - "text": "9.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -674,37 +674,37 @@ "text": "

Czechia is a prosperous market economy that boasts one of the highest GDP growth rates and lowest unemployment levels in the EU, but its dependence on exports makes economic growth vulnerable to contractions in external demand. Czechia’s exports comprise some 80% of GDP and largely consist of automobiles, the country’s single largest industry. Czechia acceded to the EU in 2004 but has yet to join the euro-zone. While the flexible koruna helps Czechia weather external shocks, it was one of the world’s strongest performing currencies in 2017, appreciating approximately 16% relative to the US dollar after the central bank (Czech National Bank - CNB) ended its cap on the currency’s value in early April 2017, which it had maintained since November 2013. The CNB hiked rates in August and November 2017 - the first rate changes in nine years - to address rising inflationary pressures brought by strong economic growth and a tight labor market.

 

Since coming to power in 2014, the new government has undertaken some reforms to try to reduce corruption, attract investment, and improve social welfare programs, which could help increase the government’s revenues and improve living conditions for Czechs. The government introduced in December 2016 an online tax reporting system intended to reduce tax evasion and increase revenues. The government also plans to remove labor market rigidities to improve the business climate, bring procurement procedures in line with EU best practices, and boost wages. The country's low unemployment rate has led to steady increases in salaries, and the government is facing pressure from businesses to allow greater migration of qualified workers, at least from Ukraine and neighboring Central European countries.

 

Long-term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, a shortage of skilled workers, a lagging education system, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$428.016 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$409.97 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$413.365 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$434.31 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$424.48 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$437.437 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.54% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.5% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.27% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.18% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.35% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.03% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$40,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$38,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$38,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$40,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$39,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$41,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -712,14 +712,14 @@ "text": "$250.631 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.84% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.16% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.85% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -772,10 +772,10 @@ "text": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.222 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.266 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -789,33 +789,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "2.89% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.18% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.55% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.01% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.2%" - }, - "male": { "text": "7.6%" }, + "male": { + "text": "6.9%" + }, "female": { - "text": "9.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "10.1% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "24.9 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "25.1 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "25.3 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -846,28 +846,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.34% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$678 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.282 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$1.259 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$4.967 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$898.074 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$204.785 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$174.92 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$172.837 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$186.54 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$191.69 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$186.545 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -878,14 +881,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, computers, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts, seating (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$196.243 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$157.95 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$156.129 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$171.43 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$176.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$171.429 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -895,11 +898,14 @@ "text": "broadcasting equipment, cars and vehicle parts, office machinery/parts, computers, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$148 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$173.618 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$85.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$166.126 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$149.856 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -914,20 +920,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "21.678 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "21.76636 (2020 est.)" + "text": "23.21 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "23.0629 (2019 est.)" + "text": "22.932 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "22.71439 (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.73 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "24.599 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "20.758 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "23.376 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 99ecf75b..c9b1181c 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.85 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "85.5% (2015)", @@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ "text": "16.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 18": { "text": "0% (2017 est.)" @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "18.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.8%" + "text": "19%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "17.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -685,37 +685,37 @@ "text": "

Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita GDP almost as high as that of Austria and the Netherlands and slightly above that of Germany and Belgium. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. The government is open to, and actively takes steps to attract, foreign direct investment.

 

Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing, particularly in the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology as well as promotion of startups in the information and communications technology, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the cold climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export industry, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population.

 

Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU before 2009 and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in that year, causing Finland’s economy to contract from 2012 to 2014. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio. The economy returned to growth in 2016, posting a 1.9% GDP increase before growing an estimated 3.3% in 2017, supported by a strong increase in investment, private consumption, and net exports. Finnish economists expect GDP to grow a rate of 2-3% in the next few years.

 

Finland's main challenges will be reducing high labor costs and boosting demand for its exports. In June 2016, the government enacted a Competitiveness Pact aimed at reducing labor costs, increasing hours worked, and introducing more flexibility into the wage bargaining system. As a result, wage growth was nearly flat in 2017. The Government was also seeking to reform the health care system and social services. In the long term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$270.143 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$261.39 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$262.343 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$268.84 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$265.46 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$268.259 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.97% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.21% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.15% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.52% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.27% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$48,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$47,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$47,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$48,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$48,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$48,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -723,14 +723,14 @@ "text": "$269.259 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.19% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.29% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -783,10 +783,10 @@ "text": "metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.77% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.52 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.82 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -800,33 +800,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "6.63% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.53% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "7.38% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.76% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "18.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.8%" + "text": "19%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "17.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.2% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "27.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "22.2 (1995)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "27.7 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -859,28 +859,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.85% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$603 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$1.896 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$4.908 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$2.169 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$879.445 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$108.22 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$106.01 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$109.513 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$107.084 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -890,14 +893,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, paper and wood pulp products, cars, stainless steel, lumber (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$107.39 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$109.45 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$110.701 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$106.664 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -907,11 +910,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$10.51 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$16.744 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$11.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$13.48 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$11.427 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -926,20 +932,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1269,7 +1275,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 47,111 (Ukraine) (as of 27 December 2022)" + "text": "9,175 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 47,138 (Ukraine) (as of 28 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index ff657e8a..07bd4fc1 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "text": "2.29 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.1 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -291,12 +291,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "35.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "34.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -607,9 +607,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { "text": "22.7 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "21.6 (2011 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -683,20 +680,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6.287 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "6.542 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "6.669 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "6.315 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "6.586 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "6.7269 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "6.7269 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.7236 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "5.6125 (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.603 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 880455c6..c3634441 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ "text": "2.03 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.99 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.99 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -372,12 +372,12 @@ "text": "31.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -405,13 +405,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "18.9%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -727,37 +727,37 @@ "text": "

The French economy is diversified across all sectors. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. However, the government maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. France is the most visited country in the world with 89 million foreign tourists in 2017. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that mitigate economic inequality.

 

France's real GDP grew by 1.9% in 2017, up from 1.2% the year before. The unemployment rate (including overseas territories) increased from 7.8% in 2008 to 10.2% in 2015, before falling to 9.0% in 2017. Youth unemployment in metropolitan France decreased from 24.6% in the fourth quarter of 2014 to 20.6% in the fourth quarter of 2017.

 

France’s public finances have historically been strained by high spending and low growth. In 2017, the budget deficit improved to 2.7% of GDP, bringing it in compliance with the EU-mandated 3% deficit target. Meanwhile, France's public debt rose from 89.5% of GDP in 2012 to 97% in 2017.

 

Since entering office in May 2017, President Emmanuel MACRON launched a series of economic reforms to improve competitiveness and boost economic growth. President MACRON campaigned on reforming France’s labor code and in late 2017 implemented a range of reforms to increase flexibility in the labor market by making it easier for firms to hire and fire and simplifying negotiations between employers and employees. In addition to labor reforms, President MACRON’s 2018 budget cuts public spending, taxes, and social security contributions to spur private investment and increase purchasing power. The government plans to gradually reduce corporate tax rate for businesses from 33.3% to 25% by 2022.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.048 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2.832 trillion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.854 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3.082 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3.037 trillion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.095 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.82% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.78% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.49% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.81% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.42% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$45,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$42,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$42,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$45,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$45,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$45,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -765,14 +765,14 @@ "text": "$2.716 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.64% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.48% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -825,10 +825,10 @@ "text": "machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food processing, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.98% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "27.742 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "31.132 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -842,34 +842,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "8.12% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "8.69% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.01% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.41% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes overseas territories" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "18.9%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "31.6 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "29.2 (2015)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "32.4 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -892,37 +892,43 @@ "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "96.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "123.01% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "96.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "104.99% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "101.62% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.69% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$18.102 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$9.947 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$16.02 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$46.341 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$13.699 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$920.864 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$746.91 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$751.384 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$891.18 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$918.97 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$892.016 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -932,14 +938,14 @@ "text": "aircraft, packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, gas turbines, wine (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$957.717 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$803.66 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$796.353 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$919.63 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$947.31 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$916.214 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -949,11 +955,14 @@ "text": "cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, aircraft machinery (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$156.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$244.28 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$138.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$224.236 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$189.006 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -968,20 +977,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1337,7 +1346,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "37,744 (Afghanistan), 23,980 (Sri Lanka), 23,510 (Syria), 21,070 (Sudan), 19,007 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 16,995 (Russia), 15,090 (Guinea), 14,296 (Serbia and Kosovo), 13,180 (Turkey), 10,849 (Cambodia), 9,328 (Iraq) 8,519 (China), 8,338 (Cote d'Ivoire), 8,218 (Eritrea), 7,628 (Vietnam), 6,947 (Bangladesh), 6,649 (Somalia), 6,642 (Albania), 6,371 (Laos), 6,074 (Mauritania), 5,908 (Mali) (mid-year 2021); 118,994 (Ukraine) (as of 31 October 2022)" + "text": "55,681 (Afghanistan), 39,091 (Syria), 33,834 (Sri Lanka), 33,148 (Russia), 31,935 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 24,223 (Sudan), 21,225 (Guinea), 18,008 (Serbia and Kosovo), 17,032 (Turkey), 13,974 (Iraq), 12,286 (Cote d'Ivoire), 11,489 (Eritrea), 11,012 (Cambodia), 10,543 (China), 10,236 (Albania), 10,210 (Somalia), 8,858 (Bangladesh), 8,124 (Mauritania), 8,101 (Mali), 7,991 (Vietnam), 6,913 (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 6,910 (Haiti), 6,808 (Angola), 6,498 (Laos), 6,417 (Armenia), 6,111 (Nigeria), 5,896 (Georgia) (mid-year 2022); 118,994 (Ukraine) (as of 31 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,094 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index d3af3b0b..4eb3e26b 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.93 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.93 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -269,12 +269,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "40.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "40.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -596,20 +596,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Gibraltar pounds (GIP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.727 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.78 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.783 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.75 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.777 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index dd074890..a8e87cb9 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ "text": "1.58 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.77 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.77 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -267,6 +267,17 @@ "female": { "text": "NA" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "15.8%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "15.9%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "15.6% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -493,11 +504,28 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "31,470 (March 2006)" + "text": "86,800 (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.37% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.69% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.41% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "15.8%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "15.9%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "15.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 306f947a..aef21ee8 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ "text": "1.57 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.77 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.77 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "67% (2018)", @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "19.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.5% (2014/17)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.9%" + "text": "7%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.3%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -702,37 +702,37 @@ "text": "

The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment. Germany benefits from a highly skilled labor force, but, like its Western European neighbors, faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and a large increase in net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms.

Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong economic growth and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II. The German Government introduced a minimum wage in 2015 that increased to $9.79 (8.84 euros) in January 2017.

Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2017 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.7%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016, though the target was already reached in 2012.

Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany plans to replace nuclear power largely with renewable energy, which accounted for 29.5% of gross electricity consumption in 2016, up from 9% in 2000. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production.

The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros during 2016-18, largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment. Domestic consumption, investment, and exports are likely to drive German GDP growth in 2018, and the country’s budget and trade surpluses are likely to remain high.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$4.424 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$4.239 trillion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$4.311 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4.457 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4.432 trillion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$4.477 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.63% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.7% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.59% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.91% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.06% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$53,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$50,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$51,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$53,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$53,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$53,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -740,14 +740,14 @@ "text": "$3,860,923,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.14% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.51% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.61% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "44.585 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.968 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -817,33 +817,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.98% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.54% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.19% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.81% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.14% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "6.9%" + "text": "7%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.3%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "6.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "31.9 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": { - "text": "30 (1994)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "31.7 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -875,28 +875,31 @@ "note": "note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "45% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.55% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$280.238 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$313.754 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$297.434 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$274.2 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$294.407 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.004 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.672 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.676 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.813 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.882 trillion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -906,14 +909,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, aircraft, medical cultures/vaccines, industrial machinery (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.775 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1,452,300,000,000 (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.454 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.594 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1,635,600,000,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -923,11 +926,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$200.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$295.736 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$173.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$268.409 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$224.028 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -942,20 +948,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1240,7 +1246,7 @@ "text": "Bremen/Bremerhaven (4,856,900), Hamburg (9,274,215) (2019)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Hamburg" + "text": "Hamburg; Wilhelmshaven (FSRU)" }, "river port(s)": { "text": "Bremen (Weser); Bremerhaven (Geeste); Duisburg, Karlsruhe, Neuss-Dusseldorf (Rhine); Lubeck (Wakenitz); Brunsbuttel, Hamburg (Elbe)" @@ -1303,7 +1309,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 1,021,667 (Ukraine) (as of 22 November 2022)" + "text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,021,667 (Ukraine) (as of 22 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "26,980 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 5f030025..a0b087e1 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "1.4 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.68 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.68 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ "text": "30.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "54.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -375,13 +375,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "35.5%" + "text": "36.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "31.1%" + "text": "33.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "40.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "41.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -677,52 +677,52 @@ "text": "

Greece has a capitalist economy with a public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP about two-thirds that of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 18% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in agricultural and unskilled jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP.

 

The Greek economy averaged growth of about 4% per year between 2003 and 2007, but the economy went into recession in 2009 as a result of the world financial crisis, tightening credit conditions, and Athens' failure to address a growing budget deficit. By 2013, the economy had contracted 26%, compared with the pre-crisis level of 2007. Greece met the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criterion of no more than 3% of GDP in 2007-08, but violated it in 2009, when the deficit reached 15% of GDP. Deteriorating public finances, inaccurate and misreported statistics, and consistent underperformance on reforms prompted major credit rating agencies to downgrade Greece's international debt rating in late 2009 and led the country into a financial crisis. Under intense pressure from the EU and international market participants, the government accepted a bailout program that called on Athens to cut government spending, decrease tax evasion, overhaul the civil-service, health-care, and pension systems, and reform the labor and product markets. Austerity measures reduced the deficit to 1.3% in 2017. Successive Greek governments, however, failed to push through many of the most unpopular reforms in the face of widespread political opposition, including from the country's powerful labor unions and the general public.

 

In April 2010, a leading credit agency assigned Greek debt its lowest possible credit rating, and in May 2010, the IMF and euro-zone governments provided Greece emergency short- and medium-term loans worth $147 billion so that the country could make debt repayments to creditors. Greece, however, struggled to meet the targets set by the EU and the IMF, especially after Eurostat - the EU's statistical office - revised upward Greece's deficit and debt numbers for 2009 and 2010. European leaders and the IMF agreed in October 2011 to provide Athens a second bailout package of $169 billion. The second deal called for holders of Greek government bonds to write down a significant portion of their holdings to try to alleviate Greece’s government debt burden. However, Greek banks, saddled with a significant portion of sovereign debt, were adversely affected by the write down and $60 billion of the second bailout package was set aside to ensure the banking system was adequately capitalized.

 

In 2014, the Greek economy began to turn the corner on the recession. Greece achieved three significant milestones: balancing the budget - not including debt repayments; issuing government debt in financial markets for the first time since 2010; and generating 0.7% GDP growth — the first economic expansion since 2007.

 

Despite the nascent recovery, widespread discontent with austerity measures helped propel the far-left Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) party into government in national legislative elections in January 2015. Between January and July 2015, frustrations grew between the SYRIZA-led government and Greece’s EU and IMF creditors over the implementation of bailout measures and disbursement of funds. The Greek government began running up significant arrears to suppliers, while Greek banks relied on emergency lending, and Greece’s future in the euro zone was called into question. To stave off a collapse of the banking system, Greece imposed capital controls in June 2015, then became the first developed nation to miss a loan payment to the IMF, rattling international financial markets. Unable to reach an agreement with creditors, Prime Minister Alexios TSIPRAS held a nationwide referendum on 5 July on whether to accept the terms of Greece’s bailout, campaigning for the ultimately successful \"no\" vote. The TSIPRAS government subsequently agreed, however, to a new $96 billion bailout in order to avert Greece’s exit from the monetary bloc. On 20 August 2015, Greece signed its third bailout, allowing it to cover significant debt payments to its EU and IMF creditors and to ensure the banking sector retained access to emergency liquidity. The TSIPRAS government — which retook office on 20 September 2015 after calling new elections in late August — successfully secured disbursal of two delayed tranches of bailout funds. Despite the economic turmoil, Greek GDP did not contract as sharply as feared, boosted in part by a strong tourist season.

 

In 2017, Greece saw improvements in GDP and unemployment. Unfinished economic reforms, a massive non-performing loan problem, and ongoing uncertainty regarding the political direction of the country hold the economy back. Some estimates put Greece’s black market at 20- to 25% of GDP, as more people have stopped reporting their income to avoid paying taxes that, in some cases, have risen to 70% of an individual’s gross income.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$314.427 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$292.4 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$289.97 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$318.68 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$312.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$318.662 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.43% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-9% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.87% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.91% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.44% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.88% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$29,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$27,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$27,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$29,700 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$29,200 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$209.79 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.22% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.25% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.25% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -775,10 +775,10 @@ "text": "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.67% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.619 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -792,33 +792,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "17.3% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.8% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "19.34% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "16.3% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "17.31% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "35.5%" + "text": "36.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "31.1%" + "text": "33.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "40.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "41.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.9% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "34.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "35.7 (2011)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "33.1 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -841,36 +841,42 @@ "text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "181.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "252.29% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "183.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "212.38% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "208.84% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "48.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.74% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$3.114 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$13.858 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$6.245 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$12.413 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.112 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$87.521 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$59.02 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$59.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$81.18 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$81.87 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$81.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -880,14 +886,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, aluminum plating, computers, cotton (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$103.532 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$71.76 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$71.758 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$83.19 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$85.8 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$83.192 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -897,11 +903,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, cars, ships (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.807 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$14.447 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$6.026 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$11.931 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$8.507 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -916,20 +925,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1262,12 +1271,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 20,955 (Ukraine) (as of 6 December 2022)" + "text": "41,594 (Syria), 33,549 (Afghanistan), 14,228 (Iraq), 6,366 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2022); 20,955 (Ukraine) (as of 6 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "5,552 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 1,232,524 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" + "note": "note: 1,233,041 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 2e5d861c..28539bd0 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.7 (2022 est.)" + "text": "10.7 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ "text": "36.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "50.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "23.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.9%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "26.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -702,37 +702,37 @@ "text": "

Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia’s economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6%, led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable.

 

Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year between 2009 and 2014, but has picked up since the third quarter of 2014, ending 2017 with an average of 2.8% growth. Challenges remain including uneven regional development, a difficult investment climate, an inefficient judiciary, and loss of educated young professionals seeking higher salaries elsewhere in the EU. In 2016, Croatia revised its tax code to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment. Income tax reduction began in 2017, and in 2018 various business costs were removed from income tax calculations. At the start of 2018, the government announced its economic reform plan, slated for implementation in 2019.

 

Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Croatian economy, comprising 19.6% of Croatia’s GDP. Croatia is working to become a regional energy hub, and is undertaking plans to open a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal by the end of 2019 or early in 2020 to import LNG for re-distribution in southeast Europe.

 

Croatia joined the EU on July 1, 2013, following a decade-long accession process. Croatia has developed a plan for Eurozone accession, and the government projects Croatia will adopt the Euro by 2024. In 2017, the Croatian government decreased public debt to 78% of GDP, from an all-time high of 84% in 2014, and realized a 0.8% budget surplus - the first surplus since independence in 1991. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets with mixed success. Croatia’s economic recovery is still somewhat fragile; Croatia’s largest private company narrowly avoided collapse in 2017, thanks to a capital infusion from an American investor. Restructuring is ongoing, and projected to finish by mid-July 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$123.348 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$107.11 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$109.088 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$116.89 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$113.64 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$119.327 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "13.07% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.58% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.94% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.14% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$31,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$26,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$27,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$28,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$27,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$29,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -740,14 +740,14 @@ "text": "$60.687 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.55% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.15% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.77% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ "text": "chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.11% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.656 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.742 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -817,33 +817,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "8.07% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.68% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "9.86% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.51% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.62% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "23.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.9%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "26.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "30.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "32.1 (2014 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "28.9 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -866,36 +866,42 @@ "text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "77.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "104.89% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "87.08% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "89.45% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.6% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$1.597 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.082 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$1 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$184.775 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.7 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$35.308 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$23.66 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$24.007 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$31.07 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$30.71 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$31.504 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -906,14 +912,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, cars, medical cultures/vaccines, lumber (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$36.331 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$27.59 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$27.954 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$31.39 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$31.32 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$31.793 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -923,11 +929,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, electricity (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$18.82 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$28.309 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$14.24 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$23.254 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$20.771 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -940,12 +949,24 @@ }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { - "text": "euro per US dollar -" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2021": { - "text": "0.85 (2021 est.)" + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" }, - "note": "note: Prior to January 1, 2023, Croatia used the kuna as its currency, and it is currently accepting both currencies until January 15, 2023. However, kuna users will receive change in euros, and the exchange rate has been fixed at 7.53450 kuna to 1 euro. Persons may exchange currencies at Croatian post offices until June 30, 2023, free-of-charge, and at any Croatian bank until December 31, 2023." + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: Prior to 1 January 2023, Croatia used the kuna as its currency, and it is currently accepting both currencies until 15 January 2023. However, kuna users will receive change in euros, and the exchange rate has been fixed at 7.53450 kuna to 1 euro. Persons may exchange currencies at Croatian post offices until 30 June 2023, free-of-charge, and at any Croatian bank until 31 December  2023." } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 1bcc3edb..6200c654 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.72 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.72 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ "text": "27.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -388,10 +388,10 @@ "text": "13.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "11.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 March 2022 (next to be held spring 2027); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held April or May 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51

2017: Janos ADER (Fidesz) reelected president; National Assembly vote - 131 to 39

2010: Viktor ORBAN (Fidesz) reelected prime minister" + "text": "2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51

2017: Janos ADER (Fidesz) reelected president; National Assembly vote - 131 to 39

2010: Viktor ORBAN (Fidesz) reelected prime minister" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Marc DILLARD (since 30 October 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador David PRESSMAN (since 14 September 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest" @@ -699,52 +699,52 @@ "text": "

Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth.

 

Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary’s debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package.

 

Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary’s public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election.

 

Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$326.186 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$302.32 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$304.513 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$318.09 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$303.98 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$319.019 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.12% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.55% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.58% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.44% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.45% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.86% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$33,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$31,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$31,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$32,600 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$163.251 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.33% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.34% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ "text": "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.64% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.414 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.91 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -814,11 +814,14 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.45% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.12% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.71% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.25% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { @@ -826,21 +829,18 @@ "text": "13.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "11.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "15.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "30.6 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "28.6 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "30 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -864,37 +864,43 @@ "note": "note: Hungary has been under the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure since it joined the EU in 2004; in March 2012, the EU elevated its Excessive Deficit Procedure against Hungary and proposed freezing 30% of the country's Cohesion Funds because 2011 deficit reductions were not achieved in a sustainable manner; in June 2012, the EU lifted the freeze, recognizing that steps had been taken to reduce the deficit; the Hungarian deficit increased above 3% both in 2013 and in 2014 due to sluggish growth and the government's fiscal tightening" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "96.11% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "76% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "83.29% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "86.55% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and national, state, and local government and social security funds." }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.87% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$392 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$7.173 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$510 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.603 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.231 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$148.229 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$123.83 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$124.111 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$134.55 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$134.66 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$133.736 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -904,14 +910,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, spark-ignition engines, video displays, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$147.577 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$120.25 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$121.016 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$129.9 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$127.52 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$129.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -921,11 +927,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$28 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$43.483 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$25.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$41.349 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$31.831 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -940,20 +949,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "303.141 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "295.3276 (2020 est.)" + "text": "307.997 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "299.4939 (2019 est.)" + "text": "290.66 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "283.5923 (2018 est.)" + "text": "270.212 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "279.33 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "232.6 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "274.433 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1089,18 +1098,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "2,970,347 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2,955,979 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "31 (2020 est.)" + "text": "27 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "10,332,660 (2020 est.)" + "text": "10,248,653 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "107 (2020 est.)" + "text": "106 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1131,10 +1140,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "3,265,308 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3,382,136 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "34 (2020 est.)" + "text": "34.83 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 95591fc9..57228c15 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.96 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.95 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ "text": "12% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "45.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "45.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -366,13 +366,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "13.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "13%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "13.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -655,52 +655,52 @@ "text": "

Iceland's economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Except for a brief period during the 2008 crisis, Iceland has in recent years achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of tourism, software production, and biotechnology. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy.

 

Tourism, aluminum smelting, and fishing are the pillars of the economy. For decades the Icelandic economy depended heavily on fisheries, but tourism has now surpassed fishing and aluminum as Iceland’s main export industry. Tourism accounted for 8.6% of Iceland’s GDP in 2016, and 39% of total exports of merchandise and services. From 2010 to 2017, the number of tourists visiting Iceland increased by nearly 400%. Since 2010, tourism has become a main driver of Icelandic economic growth, with the number of tourists reaching 4.5 times the Icelandic population in 2016. Iceland remains sensitive to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports, and to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Icelandic Krona.

 

Following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s, domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled nearly nine times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have majority ownership by the state, which intends to re-privatize them.

 

Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Capital controls were lifted in March 2017, but some financial protections, such as reserve requirements for specified investments connected to new inflows of foreign currency, remain in place.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$19.962 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$19.16 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$19.12 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$20.52 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$20.01 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$20.524 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.84% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.94% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.88% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.57% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.42% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$53,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$52,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$52,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$56,900 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$56,700 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$24.614 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.44% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.85% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.01% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -753,10 +753,10 @@ "text": "tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting; geothermal power, hydropower; medical/pharmaceutical products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.65% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "200,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "200,300 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -770,33 +770,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.62% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.4% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.73% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.48% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "13.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "13%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "13.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.8% (2017 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "26.8 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "25 (2005)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { + "text": "26.1 (2017 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -819,36 +819,42 @@ "text": "1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "40% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "100.02% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "51.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "89.59% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "81.95% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.33% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$1.496 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$409.262 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$814 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$407.806 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.612 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$9.775 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$7.43 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.501 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$11.01 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$12.26 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.005 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -858,14 +864,14 @@ "text": "aluminum and aluminum products, fish products, aircraft, iron alloys, animal meal (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$10.234 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$7.55 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.616 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.76 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$11.34 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.891 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -875,11 +881,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, aluminum oxide, carbon/graphite electronics, cars, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$6.567 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$7.079 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$7.226 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$6.419 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$6.782 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -894,20 +903,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "126.989 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "127.05 (2020 est.)" + "text": "135.422 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "121.68 (2019 est.)" + "text": "122.607 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "121.86 (2018 est.)" + "text": "108.3 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "131.92 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "116.77 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "106.84 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 3bd8f97d..ad5024ca 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "text": "1.89 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.91 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -519,14 +519,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-8.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.25% (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "17.9% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "2.21% (2018 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { - "text": "2.1% (2010 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4.69% (2017 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -577,6 +577,9 @@ "Industries": { "text": "financial services, light manufacturing, tourism" }, + "Industrial production growth rate": { + "text": "-5.1% (2019 est.)" + }, "Labor force": { "text": "41,790 (2006)" }, @@ -684,20 +687,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Manx pounds (IMP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.727 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.78 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.783 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.75 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.7836 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.738 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.738 (2015)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.6542 (2014)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.6472 (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.777 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 89ca3baa..4fc20386 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "text": "1.22 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.59 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.6 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "65.1% (2013)", @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "19.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.7%" + "text": "30.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "27.7%" + "text": "29.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "32.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "33.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -687,52 +687,52 @@ "text": "

Italy’s economy comprises a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, with a legacy of unemployment and underdevelopment. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors.

 

Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, reaching 131% of GDP in 2017. Investor concerns about Italy and the broader euro-zone crisis eased in 2013, bringing down Italy's borrowing costs on sovereign government debt from euro-era records. The government still faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its efforts to address Italy's longstanding structural economic problems, including labor market inefficiencies, a sluggish judicial system, and a weak banking sector. Italy’s economy returned to modest growth in late 2014 for the first time since 2011. In 2015-16, Italy’s economy grew at about 1% each year, and in 2017 growth accelerated to 1.5% of GDP. In 2017, overall unemployment was 11.4%, but youth unemployment remained high at 37.1%. GDP growth is projected to slow slightly in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.478 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2,322,140,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.322 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,548,190,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,540,890,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.553 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.74% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-9.04% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.34% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "0.83% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.73% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.48% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$41,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$39,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$39,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$42,700 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$42,100 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2,002,763,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.87% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.14% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.61% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -785,10 +785,10 @@ "text": "tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.46% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "22.92 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "25.012 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -802,33 +802,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "9.88% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.83% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "10.63% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.16% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "9.95% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.7%" + "text": "30.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "27.7%" + "text": "29.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "32.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "33.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "20.1% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "35.9 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "27.3 (1995)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { + "text": "35.2 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -860,28 +860,31 @@ "note": "note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "46.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.77% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$59.517 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$64.719 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$51.735 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$74.509 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$66.321 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$687.948 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$558.26 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$559.952 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$636.01 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$656.06 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$636.153 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -891,14 +894,14 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, valves, trunks/cases, wine (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$637.934 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$486.35 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$490.684 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$569.7 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$605.44 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$568.796 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -908,11 +911,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, natural gas, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$151.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$227.478 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$130.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$210.687 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$175.398 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -927,20 +933,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1283,12 +1289,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 173,231 (Ukraine) (as of 27 December 2022)" + "text": "21,441 (Nigeria), 17,706 (Afghanistan), 17,619 (Pakistan), 11,193 (Mali), 8,405 (Somalia), 6,324 (Gambia), 5,768 (Bangladesh), 5,463 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 173,231 (Ukraine) (as of 27 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 693,041 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" + "note": "note: 696,259 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index c2e8c860..2bf72e9e 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "text": "1.66 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.8 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.8 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -294,6 +294,17 @@ "female": { "text": "NA" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "15.8%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "15.9%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "15.6% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -539,7 +550,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "59,950 (2017 est.)" + "text": "86,800 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -553,11 +564,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2015": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.37% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "4.6% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.69% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.41% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "15.8%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "15.9%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "15.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -566,9 +591,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "0.3 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "0.3 (2013 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 0d638d13..c0e4e235 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.91 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -555,37 +555,37 @@ "text": "

Kosovo's economy has shown progress in transitioning to a market-based system and maintaining macroeconomic stability, but it is still highly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora - located mainly in Germany, Switzerland, and the Nordic countries - are estimated to account for about 17% of GDP and international donor assistance accounts for approximately 10% of GDP. With international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize a majority of its state-owned enterprises.

 

Kosovo's citizens are the second poorest in Europe, after Moldova, with a per capita GDP (PPP) of $10,400 in 2017. An unemployment rate of 33%, and a youth unemployment rate near 60%, in a country where the average age is 26, encourages emigration and fuels a significant informal, unreported economy. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and a lack of technical expertise. Kosovo enjoys lower labor costs than the rest of the region. However, high levels of corruption, little contract enforcement, and unreliable electricity supply have discouraged potential investors. The official currency of Kosovo is the euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used illegally in Serb majority communities. Kosovo's tie to the euro has helped keep core inflation low.

 

Minerals and metals production - including lignite, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, aluminum, magnesium, and a wide variety of construction materials - once the backbone of industry, has declined because of aging equipment and insufficient investment, problems exacerbated by competing and unresolved ownership claims of Kosovo’s largest mines. A limited and unreliable electricity supply is a major impediment to economic development. The US Government is cooperating with the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) and the World Bank to conclude a commercial tender for the construction of Kosovo C, a new lignite-fired power plant that would leverage Kosovo’s large lignite reserves. MED also has plans for the rehabilitation of an older bituminous-fired power plant, Kosovo B, and the development of a coal mine that could supply both plants.

 

In June 2009, Kosovo joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2012, and the Council of Europe Development Bank in 2013. In 2016, Kosovo implemented the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) negotiations with the EU, focused on trade liberalization. In 2014, nearly 60% of customs duty-eligible imports into Kosovo were EU goods. In August 2015, as part of its EU-facilitated normalization process with Serbia, Kosovo signed agreements on telecommunications and energy distribution, but disagreements over who owns economic assets, such as the Trepca mining conglomerate, within Kosovo continue.

 

Kosovo experienced its first federal budget deficit in 2012, when government expenditures climbed sharply. In May 2014, the government introduced a 25% salary increase for public sector employees and an equal increase in certain social benefits. Central revenues could not sustain these increases, and the government was forced to reduce its planned capital investments. The government, led by Prime Minister MUSTAFA - a trained economist - recently made several changes to its fiscal policy, expanding the list of duty-free imports, decreasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) for basic food items and public utilities, and increasing the VAT for all other goods.

 

While Kosovo’s economy continued to make progress, unemployment has not been reduced, nor living standards raised, due to lack of economic reforms and investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$21.226 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$19.13 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$19.166 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$20.55 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$19.58 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$20.247 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.75% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.34% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$11,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$10,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$11,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -593,14 +593,14 @@ "text": "$7.926 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.35% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ "text": "mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)" + "text": "7.76% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "500,300 (2017 est.)", @@ -684,9 +684,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "29 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "24.1 (2014 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -720,22 +717,25 @@ "text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$467 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$818.351 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$533 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$541.106 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$447.233 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.138 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.69 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.687 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.31 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.28 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.312 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -745,14 +745,14 @@ "text": "mining and processed metal products, scrap metals, leather products, machinery, appliances, prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco, vegetable products, textiles and apparel" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$6.128 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$4.19 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.187 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.45 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.5 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.454 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -762,11 +762,14 @@ "text": "foodstuffs, livestock, wood, petroleum, chemicals, machinery, minerals, textiles, stone, ceramic and glass products, electrical equipment" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$683.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.244 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$708.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.095 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$965.832 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -781,20 +784,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.877 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index bc9a486b..0f1986ed 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "text": "1.54 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.75 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.76 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ "text": "23.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "49.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "49.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -385,13 +385,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.8%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "12%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 May 2019 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament" }, "election results": { - "text": "2019: Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61 votes, Didzis SMITS 24 votes, Juris JANSONS 8 votes; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39

2015: Raimonds VEJONIS elected president; Raimonds VEJOONIS 55 votes, Egils LEVITS 42 votes" + "text": "2019: Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61 votes, Didzis SMITS 24 votes, Juris JANSONS 8 votes; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39

2015: Raimonds VEJONIS elected president; Raimonds VEJONIS (the Green Party) 55 votes, Egils LEVITS (National Alliance) 42 votes" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -596,10 +596,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" + "text": "last held on 1 October 20122 (next to be held no later than 3 October 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - S 19.8%, KPV LV 14.3%, JKP 13.6%, AP! 12%, NA 11%, ZZS 9.9%, JV 6.7%, other 12.7%; seats by party - S 23, KPV LV 16, JKP 16, AP! 13, NA 13, ZZS 11, JV 8; composition as of April 2022 - men 73, women 27, percent of women 27%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - JV 19.2%, ZZS 12.6%, AS 11.1%, NA 9.4%, S! 6.9%, LPV 6.3%, and PRO 6.2%; seats by party - JV 26, ZZS 16, AS 15, NA 13, S! 11, LPV 9, and PRO 10" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Development/For! or AP! [Daniels PAVLUTS, Juris PUCE]
For a Humane Latvia or PCL [Maris MOZVILLO] (formerly known as Who Owns the State?)
National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Raivis DZINTARS]
New Unity or JV [Arturs Krišjānis KARINS]
Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or S [Janis URBANOVICS]
The Conservatives or K [Janis BORDANS] (formerly known as New Conservative Party or JKP)
Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Aivars LEMBERGS]
United List or AS [Uldis PILENS] (electoral coalition including the Latvian Green Party or LZP, Latvian Association of Regions or LRA, Liepaja Party)" + "text": "Development/For! or AP! [Daniels PAVLUTS, Ivars IJABS]
For Stability or S! [Aleksejs ROSLIKOVS]
Latvia First [Ainars SLESERS]
National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Raivis DZINTARS]
New Unity or JV [Arturs Krišjānis KARINS]
Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or S [Janis URBANOVICS]
The Progressives or PRO [Kaspars BRISKENS]
Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Aivars LEMBERGS]
United List or AS [Uldis PILENS] (electoral coalition including the Latvian Green Party or LZP, Latvian Association of Regions or LRA, Liepaja Party)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -685,37 +685,37 @@ "text": "

Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing more than half of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality.

 

Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the slowing world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged by more than 14% in 2009 and, despite strong growth since 2011, the economy took until 2017 return to pre-crisis levels in real terms. Strong investment and consumption, the latter stoked by rising wages, helped the economy grow by more than 4% in 2017, while inflation rose to 3%. Continued gains in competitiveness and investment will be key to maintaining economic growth, especially in light of unfavorable demographic trends, including the emigration of skilled workers, and one of the highest levels of income inequality in the EU.

 

In the wake of the 2008-09 crisis, the IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency's peg to the euro in exchange for the government's commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011, although, the austerity measures imposed large social costs. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 80% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia also joined the euro zone in 2014 and the OECD in 2016.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$60.457 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$56.92 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$58.094 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$59.06 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$57.88 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$59.403 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.07% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.08% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.23% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.57% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$32,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$29,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$30,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$30,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$30,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$31,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -723,14 +723,14 @@ "text": "$34.084 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.28% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.22% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -783,10 +783,10 @@ "text": "processed foods, processed wood products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad cars, synthetic fibers, electronics" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.93% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "885,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "955,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -800,33 +800,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "6.14% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.6% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.51% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.31% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.8%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "12%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.9% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "35.6 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "35.4 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "34.5 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -858,28 +858,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.77% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$222 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.7 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$99 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$918.67 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$200.203 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$25.248 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$20.23 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.768 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$20.5 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$21.12 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.539 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -889,14 +892,14 @@ "text": "lumber, broadcasting equipment, whiskey and other hard liquors, wheat, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$26.622 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$19.84 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.427 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$20.79 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$21.38 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.765 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -906,11 +909,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, packaged medicines, aircraft (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$4.614 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$5.491 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.514 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$5.29 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$4.48 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -925,20 +931,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1039,13 +1045,13 @@ "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "consumption": { - "text": "1,067,798,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.068 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "imports": { - "text": "1,067,798,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.068 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" @@ -1260,7 +1266,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "34,854 (Ukraine) (as of 27 December 2022)" + "text": "34,978 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "209,168 (mid-year 2021); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 6a63b7da..1d29c473 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "1.61 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.78 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.78 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ "text": "21.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -383,13 +383,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.3%" + "text": "19%" }, "male": { - "text": "14%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -691,37 +691,37 @@ "text": "

After the country declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, Lithuania faced an initial dislocation that is typical during transitions from a planned economy to a free-market economy. Macroeconomic stabilization policies, including privatization of most state-owned enterprises, and a strong commitment to a currency board arrangement led to an open and rapidly growing economy and rising consumer demand. Foreign investment and EU funding aided in the transition. Lithuania joined the WTO in May 2001, the EU in May 2004, and the euro zone in January 2015, and is now working to complete the OECD accession roadmap it received in July 2015. In 2017, joined the OECD Working Group on Bribery, an important step in the OECD accession process.

 

The Lithuanian economy was severely hit by the 2008-09 global financial crisis, but it has rebounded and become one of the fastest growing in the EU. Increases in exports, investment, and wage growth that supported consumption helped the economy grow by 3.6% in 2017. In 2015, Russia was Lithuania’s largest trading partner, followed by Poland, Germany, and Latvia; goods and services trade between the US and Lithuania totaled $2.2 billion. Lithuania opened a self-financed liquefied natural gas terminal in January 2015, providing the first non-Russian supply of natural gas to the Baltic States and reducing Lithuania’s dependence on Russian gas from 100% to approximately 30% in 2016.

 

Lithuania’s ongoing recovery hinges on improving the business environment, especially by liberalizing labor laws, and improving competitiveness and export growth, the latter hampered by economic slowdowns in the EU and Russia. In addition, a steady outflow of young and highly educated people is causing a shortage of skilled labor, which, combined with a rapidly aging population, could stress public finances and constrain long-term growth.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$110.089 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$102.66 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$103.876 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$103.56 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$99.25 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$103.898 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.98% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.02% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.33% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.99% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.37% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.63% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$39,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$36,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$37,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$37,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$35,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$37,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -729,14 +729,14 @@ "text": "$54.597 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.68% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -789,10 +789,10 @@ "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.58% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.333 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.476 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -806,33 +806,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "8.4% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "8.5% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.49% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.26% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14.3%" + "text": "19%" }, "male": { - "text": "14%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "20.6% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "37.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "35 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "35.3 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -855,37 +855,43 @@ "text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "39.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "53.28% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "40.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "42.66% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "39% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "33.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.88% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$1.817 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$756.476 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$131 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$4.165 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.929 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$53.397 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$41.48 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$41.721 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$42.3 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$40.36 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$42.323 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -895,14 +901,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, furniture, cigarettes, wheat, polyethylene (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$50.377 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$36.06 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$36.414 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$39.46 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$39.38 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$39.419 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -912,11 +918,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, electricity (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$4.45 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$5.58 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$1.697 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$4.847 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$5.085 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -931,20 +940,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "litai (LTL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.9012 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7525 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1270,7 +1279,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "72,302 (Ukraine) (as of 27 December 2022)" + "text": "72,480 (Ukraine) (as of 2 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,721 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 7df74d11..68e9afd6 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.7 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.71 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ "text": "25.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "47.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -372,13 +372,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.6%" + "text": "21.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "22% (2021 est.)" + "text": "24.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -671,37 +671,37 @@ "text": "

Slovakia’s economy suffered from a slow start in the first years after its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993, due to the country’s authoritarian leadership and high levels of corruption, but economic reforms implemented after 1998 have placed Slovakia on a path of strong growth. With a population of 5.4 million, the Slovak Republic has a small, open economy driven mainly by automobile and electronics exports, which account for more than 80% of GDP. Slovakia joined the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009. The country’s banking sector is sound and predominantly foreign owned.

 

Slovakia has been a regional FDI champion for several years, attractive due to a relatively low-cost yet skilled labor force, and a favorable geographic location in the heart of Central Europe. Exports and investment have been key drivers of Slovakia’s robust growth in recent years. The unemployment rate fell to historical lows in 2017, and rising wages fueled increased consumption, which played a more prominent role in 2017 GDP growth. A favorable outlook for the Eurozone suggests continued strong growth prospects for Slovakia during the next few years, although inflation is also expected to pick up.

 

Among the most pressing domestic issues potentially threatening the attractiveness of the Slovak market are shortages in the qualified labor force, persistent corruption issues, and an inadequate judiciary, as well as a slow transition to an innovation-based economy. The energy sector in particular is characterized by unpredictable regulatory oversight and high costs, in part driven by government interference in regulated tariffs. Moreover, the government’s attempts to maintain low household energy prices could harm the profitability of domestic energy firms while undercutting energy efficiency initiatives.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$173.582 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$165.57 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$168.503 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$173.83 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$169.57 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$174.388 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.01% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.37% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.04% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.52% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$31,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$30,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$30,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$31,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$32,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -709,14 +709,14 @@ "text": "$105.388 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.15% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.94% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.66% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -769,10 +769,10 @@ "text": "automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.46% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.511 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.766 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -786,22 +786,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.74% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.42% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.69% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.6%" + "text": "21.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "22% (2021 est.)" + "text": "24.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -810,9 +813,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "25.2 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "26.1 (2014)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -835,37 +835,43 @@ "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "50.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "77.36% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "51.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "61.99% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "62.29% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general Government Gross Debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central, state, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$3.026 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.875 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$2.635 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$671.914 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.532 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$107.43 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$89.92 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$90.546 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$97.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$100.76 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$96.859 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -875,14 +881,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, video displays, broadcasting equipment, tires, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$107.358 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$87.95 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$88.214 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$96.75 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$99.92 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$96.755 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -892,11 +898,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, broadcasting equipment, crude petroleum, natural gas, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.622 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$9.61 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.892 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$9.344 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.169 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -911,20 +920,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index 99773f38..0ab82637 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.75 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.75 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -297,12 +297,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" }, diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index e15f41a2..f400986a 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "text": "1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -331,12 +331,12 @@ "text": "19.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.9%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.7%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -656,37 +656,37 @@ "text": "

This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. Luxembourg, the only Grand Duchy in the world, is a landlocked country in northwestern Europe surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. Despite its small landmass and small population, Luxembourg is the fifth-wealthiest country in the world when measured on a gross domestic product (PPP) per capita basis. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position, with a 2017 surplus of 0.5% of GDP, and the lowest public debt level in the region.

 

Since 2002, Luxembourg’s government has proactively implemented policies and programs to support economic diversification and to attract foreign direct investment. The government focused on key innovative industries that showed promise for supporting economic growth: logistics, information and communications technology (ICT); health technologies, including biotechnology and biomedical research; clean energy technologies, and more recently, space technology and financial services technologies. The economy has evolved and flourished, posting strong GDP growth of 3.4% in 2017, far outpacing the European average of 1.8%.

 

Luxembourg remains a financial powerhouse – the financial sector accounts for more than 35% of GDP - because of the exponential growth of the investment fund sector through the launch and development of cross-border funds (UCITS) in the 1990s. Luxembourg is the world’s second-largest investment fund asset domicile, after the US, with $4 trillion of assets in custody in financial institutions.

 

Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure, as well as the \"LuxLeaks\" scandal, which revealed advantageous tax treatments offered to foreign corporations. In 2015, the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has constricted banking activity. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg’s sales tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits as part of the tax reform package of 2017. The tax reform package also included reductions in the corporate tax rate and increases in deductions for families, both intended to increase purchasing power and increase competitiveness.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$74.045 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$69.72 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$70.45 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$70.64 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$69.06 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$71.016 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.1% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.8% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.31% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.14% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.81% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$115,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$110,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$111,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$113,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$113,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$114,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -694,14 +694,14 @@ "text": "$71.089 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.53% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.82% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.74% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -754,10 +754,10 @@ "text": "banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.87% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "476,000 (2020 est.)", + "text": "333,900 (2021 est.)", "note": "note: data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -772,33 +772,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.36% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.23% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.46% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.77% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.59% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.9%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.7%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.5% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "34.9 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "26 (2005 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "34.2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -830,28 +830,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "25.13% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$3.254 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$4.141 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$3.296 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$3.496 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$2.459 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$177.831 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$137.09 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$145.417 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$133.59 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$136.11 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$139.559 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -861,14 +864,14 @@ "text": "iron and iron products, tires, cars, broadcasting equipment, clothing and apparel  (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$148.15 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$110.1 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$121.328 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$108.29 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$110.28 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$116.803 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -878,11 +881,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, scrap iron, aircraft (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$878 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.921 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$974 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.119 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.055 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -897,20 +903,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index d28b9be2..6f9477ad 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.77 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.77 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "56% (2020)" @@ -338,12 +338,12 @@ "text": "6.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "68.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.2% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "67% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.2%" + "text": "8.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "9%" + "text": "5.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -675,52 +675,52 @@ "text": "

Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, wheat, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.2 billion - almost 15% of GDP - from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Israel, Russia, and elsewhere.

 

With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $6 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. In 2018, Moldova awarded a tender to Romanian Transgaz to construct a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers. Moldova also seeks to connect with the European power grid by 2022.

 

The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2017, largely driven by increased consumption, increased revenue from agricultural exports, and improved tax collection. During fall 2014, Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU (AA/DCFTA), connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. The EU AA/DCFTA has contributed to significant growth in Moldova’s exports to the EU. In 2017, the EU purchased over 65% of Moldova’s exports, a major change from 20 years previously when the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) received over 69% of Moldova’s exports. A $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; the subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu and a minor recession. Moldova’s growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption, which limits business growth and deters foreign investment, and Russian restrictions on imports of Moldova’s agricultural products. The government’s push to restore stability and implement meaningful reform led to the approval in 2016 of a $179 million three-year IMF program focused on improving the banking and fiscal environments, along with additional assistance programs from the EU, World Bank, and Romania. Moldova received two IMF tranches in 2017, totaling over $42.5 million.

 

Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, energy import dependence, Russian political and economic pressure, heavy dependence on agricultural exports, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$36.637 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$32.26 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$32.153 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$34.68 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$33.48 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$34.715 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "13.94% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.38% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$12,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$13,000 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,400 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$11.982 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.77% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "4.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -767,10 +767,10 @@ "text": "sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.67% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.295 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "810,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -784,22 +784,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.99% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.96% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.16% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.82% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.2%" + "text": "8.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "9%" + "text": "5.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "14.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -808,9 +811,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "25.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "26.8 (2014 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -834,36 +834,42 @@ "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "31.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "33.01% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "35.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "24.95% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "27.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.41% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$602 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.699 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$268 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$886.899 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.106 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$4.197 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$3.24 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.222 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$3.66 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$3.45 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.662 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -873,14 +879,14 @@ "text": "insulated wiring, sunflower seeds, wine, corn, seats (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$7.915 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$5.93 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.918 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$6.62 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.39 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$6.608 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -890,11 +896,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, insulated wiring, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.803 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$3.902 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.206 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.784 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.06 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 8ed84462..7af933d2 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.81 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.89 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.89 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "20.7% (2018)" @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "31.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.7% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.9%" @@ -403,13 +403,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "36%" + "text": "31.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.6%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "39.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "36.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -715,52 +715,52 @@ "text": "

Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. Around 90% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism, which accounts for more than 20% of Montenegro’s GDP, brings in three times as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. In addition to tourism, energy and agriculture are considered two distinct pillars of the economy. Only 20% of Montenegro’s hydropower potential is utilized. Montenegro plans to become a net energy exporter, and the construction of an underwater cable to Italy, which will be completed by the end of 2018, will help meet its goal.

 

Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EU in 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime.

 

The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. Net foreign direct investment in 2017 reached $848 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe, due to a low corporate tax rate. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro in 2017 were Norway, Russia, Italy, Azerbaijan and Hungary.

 

Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system, which will become part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Cheaper borrowing costs have stimulated Montenegro’s growing debt, which currently sits at 65.9% of GDP, with a forecast, absent fiscal consolidation, to increase to 80% once the repayment to China’s Ex/Im Bank of a €800 million highway loan begins in 2019. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. The Montenegrin Government increased the non-tourism Value Added Tax (VAT) rate to 21% as of January 2018, with the goal of reducing its public debt.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$12.757 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$11.36 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$11.346 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$13.39 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$12.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13.397 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "12.43% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-15.31% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.06% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$20,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$18,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$21,500 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$20,700 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.486 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.41% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.26% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ "text": "steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-4.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.39% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "167,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "277,400 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -827,22 +827,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "15.82% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "18.49% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "17.9% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "15.12% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "36%" + "text": "31.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.6%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "39.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "36.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -851,9 +854,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "39 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "32.3 (2013 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -891,22 +891,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$780 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$540.073 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$710 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.237 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$796.134 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.24 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.247 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.42 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.35 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.424 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -916,14 +919,14 @@ "text": "aluminum, packaged medicines, cars, zinc, wine (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$3.637 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$2.9 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.917 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3.59 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.67 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -933,11 +936,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, recreational boats, cigarettes (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.077 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.982 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$846.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.135 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.529 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -952,20 +958,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.877 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" } } }, @@ -1274,7 +1280,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "458 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 28,825 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" + "note": "note: 28,856 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 5de281ae..1c80d5ec 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "text": "1.51 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.74 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "59.9% (2018/19)" @@ -325,12 +325,12 @@ "text": "0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.9% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "66.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.3%" @@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "36.4%" + "text": "34.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.5%" + "text": "31.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "41.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -668,37 +668,37 @@ "text": "

Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law.

 

Macedonia’s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics.

 

Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece.

 

Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$34.007 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$33.02 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$32.71 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$34.59 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$33.52 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$34.839 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.96% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.11% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$16,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$15,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$16,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$16,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$16,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -706,14 +706,14 @@ "text": "$12.696 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.23% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.77% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -763,10 +763,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-7.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2.37% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "793,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "916,200 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -780,22 +780,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "17.29% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "16.2% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "20.7% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "17.2% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "17.26% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "36.4%" + "text": "34.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "33.5%" + "text": "31.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "41.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -804,9 +807,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "34.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "35.2 (2014)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -838,28 +838,31 @@ "note": "note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.13% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$151 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$420.178 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$293 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$360.444 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$376.487 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$9.157 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$7.18 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.19 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$7.78 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$7.61 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.8 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -869,14 +872,14 @@ "text": "support catalysts, centrifuges, insulated wiring, vehicle parts, buses, seats (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$11.354 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$8.76 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.773 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$9.23 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.605 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -886,11 +889,14 @@ "text": "platinum, refined petroleum, laboratory ceramics, cars, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.802 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.129 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.755 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$4.126 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.651 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -905,20 +911,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "52.102 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "54.144 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "54.947 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "52.107 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "55.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "55.733 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "55.733 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "55.537 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "46.437 (2013 est.)" + "text": "54.665 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 912670e2..6526f24d 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "text": "1.53 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.75 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.75 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -586,14 +586,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "21.55% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "7.2% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-12.97% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "9.6% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 12c480c7..ae597b25 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "text": "1.5 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.74 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.74 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ "text": "21.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "63.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.6%" + "text": "9.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.7%" + "text": "13.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "5.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -655,37 +655,37 @@ "text": "

Malta’s free market economy – the smallest economy in the euro-zone – relies heavily on trade in both goods and services, principally with Europe. Malta produces less than a quarter of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has few domestic energy sources. Malta's economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism. Malta joined the EU in 2004 and adopted the euro on 1 January 2008.

 

Malta has weathered the euro-zone crisis better than most EU member states due to a low debt-to-GDP ratio and financially sound banking sector. It maintains one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, and growth has fully recovered since the 2009 recession. In 2014 through 2016, Malta led the euro zone in growth, expanding more than 4.5% per year.

 

Malta’s services sector continues to grow, with sustained growth in the financial services and online gaming sectors. Advantageous tax schemes remained attractive to foreign investors, though EU discussions of anti-tax avoidance measures have raised concerns among Malta’s financial services and insurance providers, as the measures could have a significant impact on those sectors. The tourism sector also continued to grow, with 2016 showing record-breaking numbers of both air and cruise passenger arrivals.

 

Malta’s GDP growth remains strong and is supported by a strong labor market. The government has implemented new programs, including free childcare, to encourage increased labor participation. The high cost of borrowing and small labor market remain potential constraints to future economic growth. Increasingly, other EU and European migrants are relocating to Malta for employment, though wages have remained low compared to other European countries. Inflation remains low.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$23.157 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$20.6 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$20.995 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$22.15 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$20.99 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$22.902 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.32% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.94% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.17% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "8.03% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.92% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$44,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$39,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$40,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$44,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$43,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$45,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -693,14 +693,14 @@ "text": "$14.986 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.5% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.64% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.64% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ "text": "-3.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "223,000 (2019 est.)" + "text": "280,300 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -770,33 +770,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "0.78% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.5% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "0.89% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.26% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.62% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.6%" + "text": "9.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.7%" + "text": "13.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "5.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.1% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "29.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "27.7 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "31 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -828,28 +828,31 @@ "note": "note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "23.73% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$1.561 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$804.056 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$1.55 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$415.142 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$777.443 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$22.11 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$19.04 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$19.526 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$20.76 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$20.19 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$20.773 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -859,14 +862,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, children's toys and stuffed animals, postage stamps  (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$21.362 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$18.01 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$18.328 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$18.45 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$17.87 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$18.578 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -876,11 +879,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, recreational boats, ships, aircraft, coal tar oil (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$833 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.149 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$677.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$930.464 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$937.616 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -895,20 +901,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 98106533..78920674 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.87 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73% (2013)", @@ -348,12 +348,12 @@ "text": "19.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.3%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "10%" }, "female": { - "text": "9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -686,37 +686,37 @@ "text": "

The Netherlands, the sixth-largest economy in the European Union, plays an important role as a European transportation hub, with a consistently high trade surplus, stable industrial relations, and low unemployment. Industry focuses on food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 2% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for food-processing and underpins the country’s status as the world’s second largest agricultural exporter.

 

The Netherlands is part of the euro zone, and as such, its monetary policy is controlled by the European Central Bank. The Dutch financial sector is highly concentrated, with four commercial banks possessing over 80% of banking assets, and is four times the size of Dutch GDP.

 

In 2008, during the financial crisis, the government budget deficit hit 5.3% of GDP. Following a protracted recession from 2009 to 2013, during which unemployment doubled to 7.4% and household consumption contracted for four consecutive years, economic growth began inching forward in 2014. Since 2010, Prime Minister Mark RUTTE’s government has implemented significant austerity measures to improve public finances and has instituted broad structural reforms in key policy areas, including the labor market, the housing sector, the energy market, and the pension system. In 2017, the government budget returned to a surplus of 0.7% of GDP, with economic growth of 3.2%, and GDP per capita finally surpassed pre-crisis levels. The fiscal policy announced by the new government in the 2018-2021 coalition plans for increases in government consumption and public investment, fueling domestic demand and household consumption and investment. The new government’s policy also plans to increase demand for workers in the public and private sector, forecasting a further decline in the unemployment rate, which hit 4.8% in 2017.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$992.675 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$945.48 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$946.637 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$982.22 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$966.02 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$984.912 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.86% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.89% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.63% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.32% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.02% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.96% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$56,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$54,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$54,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$56,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$56,100 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$56,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -724,14 +724,14 @@ "text": "$907.042 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.68% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.27% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.63% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -784,10 +784,10 @@ "text": "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.93% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.907 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.902 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -801,22 +801,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.41% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.01% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.84% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.82% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.38% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.3%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "10%" }, "female": { - "text": "9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -825,9 +828,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "28.5 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "25.1 (2013 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -859,28 +859,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.38% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$90.207 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$73.138 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$98.981 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$46.794 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$62.998 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$839.646 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$719.78 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$712.259 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$755.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$773.74 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$751.225 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -890,14 +893,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, photography equipment, computers (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$735.748 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$622.66 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$620.532 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$661.18 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$677.38 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$661.973 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -907,11 +910,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$38.44 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$64.469 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$38.21 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$53.971 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$43.32 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -926,20 +932,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1273,7 +1279,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "37,792 (Syria), 14,787 (Eritrea), 8,368 (Somalia), 6,636 (Iraq), 5,346 (Iran) (mid-year 2021); 79,250 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" + "text": "53,496 (Syria), 19,204 (Eritrea), 7,106 (Turkey), 5,593 (Iran), 5,152 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 79,250 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,087 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index c096f494..07593b48 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.89 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.89 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -346,12 +346,12 @@ "text": "15.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "50.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "50.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -379,13 +379,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "13%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.3%" + "text": "13.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "11.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "12.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -672,37 +672,37 @@ "text": "

Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. However, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway partially participates in the EU’s single market and contributes sizably to the EU budget.

The country is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, forests, and minerals. Norway is a leading producer and the world’s second largest exporter of seafood, after China. The government manages the country’s petroleum resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of jobs, 12% of GDP, 13% of the state’s revenue, and 37% of exports, according to official national estimates. Norway is one of the world's leading petroleum exporters, although oil production is close to 50% below its peak in 2000. Gas production, conversely, has more than doubled since 2000. Although oil production is historically low, it rose in 2016 for the third consecutive year due to the higher production of existing oil fields and to new fields coming on stream. Norway’s domestic electricity production relies almost entirely on hydropower.

In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from petroleum sector activities in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $1 trillion at the end of 2017. To help balance the federal budget each year, the government follows a \"fiscal rule,\" which states that spending of revenues from petroleum and fund investments shall correspond to the expected real rate of return on the fund, an amount it estimates is sustainable over time. In February 2017, the government revised the expected rate of return for the fund downward from 4% to 3%.

 

After solid GDP growth in the 2004-07 period, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to modest, positive growth from 2010 to 2017. The Norwegian economy has been adjusting to lower energy prices, as demonstrated by growth in labor force participation and employment in 2017. GDP growth was about 1.5% in 2017, driven largely by domestic demand, which has been boosted by the rebound in the labor market and supportive fiscal policies. Economic growth is expected to remain constant or improve slightly in the next few years.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$355.122 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$342.06 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$341.855 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$344.69 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$341.78 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$344.324 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.88% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.72% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.86% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.36% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.75% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.75% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$65,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$63,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$63,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$64,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$64,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$64,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -710,14 +710,14 @@ "text": "$405.695 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.48% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.29% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.17% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -770,10 +770,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.19% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.699 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.971 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -787,22 +787,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.72% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.99% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.89% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.42% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.69% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "13%" }, "male": { - "text": "13.3%" + "text": "13.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "11.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "12.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -811,9 +814,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "27 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "25.8 (1995)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -845,28 +845,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "54.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.09% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$16.656 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$71.551 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$31.111 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$4.223 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$11.919 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$199.074 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$117.06 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$116.718 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$146.71 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$165.37 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$146.28 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -876,14 +879,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$140.444 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$119 (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$119.632 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$140 (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$140 (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$140.211 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -893,11 +896,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, crude petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$65.92 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$84.271 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$57.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$75.259 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$66.946 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -913,20 +919,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.59 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "8.81535 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.416 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "9.14245 (2019 est.)" + "text": "8.8 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "8.4837 (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.133 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "8.0646 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.3021 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "8.272 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1244,7 +1250,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 35,649 (Ukraine) (as of 23 December 2022)" + "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 36,582 (Ukraine) (as of 31 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "4,154 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 7d53f97b..6fd852b7 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)" + "text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Księga Faktów Świata, niezbędne źródło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "1.4 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.68 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.69 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.3% (2014)" @@ -357,12 +357,12 @@ "text": "20.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "58.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.7% (2010/12)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -393,13 +393,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "13.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.6%" + "text": "12.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "15% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -712,37 +712,37 @@ "text": "

Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government’s loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth.

 

The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government’s ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU’s 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland’s economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending.

 

Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.318 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,223,460,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.233 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,257,440,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,202,820,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.259 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.85% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.02% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.55% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.36% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.83% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$34,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$32,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$32,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$33,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$33,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -750,14 +750,14 @@ "text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.06% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.37% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.23% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -804,16 +804,16 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "milk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye" + "text": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye" }, "Industries": { "text": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.36% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "9.561 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "18.212 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -827,22 +827,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.43% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.37% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.08% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.16% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.28% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "13.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.6%" + "text": "12.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "15% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -851,9 +854,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "29.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "33.7 (2008)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -885,28 +885,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.48% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$2.92 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.568 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$7.52 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$17.319 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$2.832 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$411.621 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$333.54 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$336.317 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$330.68 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$324.22 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$330.934 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -916,14 +919,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, seats, furniture, computers, video displays (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$380.699 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$292.44 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$295.897 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$302.87 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$306.43 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$302.525 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -933,11 +936,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum,  packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$113.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$166.03 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$114.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$154.219 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$128.392 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -952,20 +958,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.862 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.6684 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.9 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3.8697 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.839 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.76615 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.612 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.7721 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.1538 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.779 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1101,18 +1107,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "5,777,428 (2020 est.)" + "text": "5,308,497 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "15 (2020 est.)" + "text": "14 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "49,350,724 (2020 est.)" + "text": "50,588,785 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "130 (2020 est.)" + "text": "132 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1120,7 +1126,7 @@ "text": "the liberalized telecom market has seen considerable development in the broadband and mobile sectors; the regulatory environment has encouraged market competition, partly by encouraging operators to secure spectrum and also by ensuring access to cable and fiber infrastructure; the mobile market in recent years has been characterized by the rapid extension of LTE networks and the development of mobile data services based on newly released and re-farmed spectrum; the regulator’s attempts to auction spectrum in a range of bands has been delayed, with spectrum in the 5G-suitable 3.4-3.8GHz range having been suspended to later in 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak and legislative changes (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; fixed-line roughly 15 per 100 (service lags in rural areas), mobile-cellular over 130 per 100 persons (2020)" + "text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; fixed-line roughly 14 per 100 (service lags in rural areas), mobile-cellular over 132 per 100 persons (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 48; landing points for the Baltica and the Denmark-Poland2 submarine cables connecting Poland, Denmark and Sweden; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2019)" @@ -1310,7 +1316,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,553,707 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2022)" + "text": "1,553,707 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 5496ecef..7bcbd2d1 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.43 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.7 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.7 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.9% (2014)" @@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ "text": "20.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.4% (2015/16)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -376,13 +376,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.4%" + "text": "23.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "26.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -678,52 +678,52 @@ "text": "

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members.

The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013.

The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$347.694 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$331.64 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$329.623 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$358.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$350.07 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$359.46 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.48% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.3% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.85% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.51% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.68% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$33,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$32,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$32,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$34,900 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$34,000 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$237.698 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.27% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.01% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.34% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -776,10 +776,10 @@ "text": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.63% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.717 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.174 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -793,22 +793,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "6.55% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.65% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "7.05% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.79% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.46% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.4%" + "text": "23.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "26.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -817,9 +820,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "33.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "34 (2014 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -851,28 +851,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "22.04% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$203 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.987 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$988 million (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.292 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$1.013 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$105.648 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$85.28 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$85.128 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$104.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$105.76 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$104.846 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -882,14 +885,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, leather footwear, paper products, tires (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$112.413 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$89.31 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$89.515 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$103.05 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$103.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$103.009 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -899,11 +902,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, aircraft, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$26.11 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$32.535 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$29.46 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$25.003 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -918,20 +924,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.7525 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 2ce3c707..ff55e2b7 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.71 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.71 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.3% (2019)" @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ "text": "39.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.2%" @@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.5%" + "text": "30.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "23.5%" + "text": "28.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "33.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -710,52 +710,52 @@ "text": "

Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains significant in certain areas. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy worse off than it was in 1990. In 2015, Serbia’s GDP was 27.5% below where it was in 1989.

 

After former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC was ousted in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. Serbia renewed its membership in the IMF in December 2000 and rejoined the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, and others - remain state-owned. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, gaining candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014, Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened and, as of December 2017, Serbia had opened 12 negotiating chapters including one on foreign trade. Serbia's negotiations with the WTO are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia maintains a three-year Stand-by Arrangement with the IMF worth approximately $1.3 billion that is scheduled to end in February 2018. The government has shown progress implementing economic reforms, such as fiscal consolidation, privatization, and reducing public spending.

 

Unemployment in Serbia, while relatively low (16% in 2017) compared with its Balkan neighbors, remains significantly above the European average. Serbia is slowly implementing structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity. Serbia reduced its budget deficit to 1.7% of GDP and its public debt to 71% of GDP in 2017. Public debt had more than doubled between 2008 and 2015. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy.

 

Major economic challenges ahead include: stagnant household incomes; the need for private sector job creation; structural reforms of state-owned companies; strategic public sector reforms; and the need for new foreign direct investment. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include the economic reforms it is undergoing as part of its EU accession process and IMF agreement, its strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$135.534 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$125.8 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$126.019 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$127.04 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$121.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$127.168 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.55% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.9% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.18% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.05% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$19,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$18,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$18,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$18,300 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$17,500 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$51.449 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.09% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.58% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "-1.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.85% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -808,10 +808,10 @@ "text": "automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.63% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.176 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -825,22 +825,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "14.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "11.81% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "15.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.01% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "10.39% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.5%" + "text": "30.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "23.5%" + "text": "28.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "33.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -849,9 +852,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "36.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "28.2 (2008 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -883,25 +883,28 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "23.49% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$2.354 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.742 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.189 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.177 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.535 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$33.726 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$25.42 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$25.5 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$26.13 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$24.97 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$26.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -911,14 +914,14 @@ "text": "insulated wiring, tires, corn, cars, iron products, copper (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$39.039 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$30.15 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$30.177 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$31.29 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$29.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$31.286 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -928,11 +931,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, natural gas, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$11.91 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$18.617 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$10.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$16.587 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$14.995 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -947,20 +953,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "99.396 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "103.163 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "105.25 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "100.175 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "112.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "111.278 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "111.278 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "108.811 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "88.405 (2013 est.)" + "text": "107.759 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1272,7 +1278,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 22,716 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 22 November 2022)" + "text": "17,334 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2022); 22,716 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 22 November 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "196,995 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index f9bd11c3..0a923a66 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ "text": "1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ "text": "20% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56.1% (2022)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "54.8% (2023)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -386,13 +386,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "male": { "text": "20.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "21.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -688,37 +688,37 @@ "text": "

Romania, which joined the EU on 1 January 2007, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment.

 

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, Romania signed a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders, but GDP contracted until 2011. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary standby agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability; no funds were drawn. In September 2013, Romanian authorities and the IMF/EU agreed to a follow-on standby agreement, worth $5.4 billion, to continue with reforms. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. Progress on structural reforms has been uneven, and the economy still is vulnerable to external shocks.

 

Economic growth rebounded in the 2013-17 period, driven by strong industrial exports, excellent agricultural harvests, and, more recently, expansionary fiscal policies in 2016-2017 that nearly quadrupled Bucharest’s annual fiscal deficit, from +0.8% of GDP in 2015 to -3% of GDP in 2016 and an estimated -3.4% in 2017. Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2017. Exports remained an engine of economic growth, led by trade with the EU, which accounts for roughly 70% of Romania trade. Domestic demand was the major driver, due to tax cuts and large wage increases that began last year and are set to continue in 2018.

 

An aging population, emigration of skilled labor, significant tax evasion, insufficient health care, and an aggressive loosening of the fiscal package compromise Romania’s long-term growth and economic stability and are the economy's top vulnerabilities.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$588.451 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$556.07 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$559.896 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$578.39 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$555.47 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$581.272 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.1% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.68% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.54% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.11% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.85% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$30,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$28,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$29,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$29,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$30,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -726,14 +726,14 @@ "text": "$249.543 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.05% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.63% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.83% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -786,10 +786,10 @@ "text": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.07% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.889 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.381 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -803,22 +803,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.06% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.17% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.56% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.03% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "male": { "text": "20.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "21.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "20.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -827,9 +830,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "36 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "28.2 (2010)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -852,37 +852,43 @@ "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "36.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.18% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$11.389 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$20.627 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$10.78 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$12.535 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$12.184 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$93.01 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$100.9 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$101.11 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -892,14 +898,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, insulated wiring, refined petroleum, electrical control boards, seats (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$104.16 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$111.18 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$109.26 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -909,11 +915,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$44.43 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$51.886 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$40 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$52.191 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$42.007 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -928,20 +937,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "lei (RON) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "4.16 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "4.02835 (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.244 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "4.31655 (2019 est.)" + "text": "4.238 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "4.0782 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.942 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "4.0057 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.3492 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "4.052 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 9d87446d..75192a13 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.78 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.78 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -334,12 +334,12 @@ "text": "19.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "46.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "46.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -370,13 +370,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.8%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.5%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -668,37 +668,37 @@ "text": "

With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition.

 

In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019.

 

Prime Minister CERAR’s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia’s largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$84.4 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$76.75 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$77.996 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$81.25 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$78.74 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$81.519 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.21% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.32% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.24% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.14% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$40,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$36,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$37,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$38,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$38,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$39,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -706,14 +706,14 @@ "text": "$54.16 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.92% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.05% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.63% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -766,10 +766,10 @@ "text": "ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.43% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "885,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.036 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -783,22 +783,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "7.64% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "8.25% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.97% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.45% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.8%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "11.5%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -807,9 +810,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "24.2 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { - "text": "24.5 (2015)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -841,28 +841,31 @@ "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.92% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$3.05 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.372 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$3.17 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$4.058 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$3.23 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$51.634 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$41.73 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$41.823 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$45.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$45.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$45.516 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -872,14 +875,14 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, electrical lighting/signaling equipment, electricity (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$47.665 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$36.6 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$36.804 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$40.8 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$41.32 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$40.809 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -889,11 +892,14 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, electricity (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$889.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$2.267 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$853 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.311 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.015 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -908,20 +914,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index f0aa9860..3cdbe470 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ "text": "1.53 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.73 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.73 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -289,12 +289,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "48.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "47.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -575,37 +575,37 @@ "text": "

San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy.

San Marino's economy contracted considerably in the years since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues all contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits.

The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$1.917 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.06 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$2.053 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.01 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1.982 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$2.012 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.65% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.07% (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "1.49% (2018 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$56,400 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$60,800 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + "text": "$60,100 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$59,600 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$58,867 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$58,900 (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.05% (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -721,15 +721,18 @@ "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "98.35% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "22.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "55.09% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "55.94% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.6% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" + "text": "16.14% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" @@ -771,11 +774,14 @@ "text": "electricity, cars, aluminum, footwear, natural gas, iron piping (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2014": { - "text": "$392 million (2014 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$954.512 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2013": { - "text": "$539.3 million (2013 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$781.805 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$473.111 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -785,20 +791,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.877 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 863e64fb..7c6ce781 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "1.27 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.62 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.63 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.1% (2018)", @@ -354,12 +354,12 @@ "text": "26.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "50.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "50.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -390,13 +390,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "34.8%" + "text": "36.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "34.1%" + "text": "35.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -701,52 +701,52 @@ "text": "

After a prolonged recession that began in 2008 in the wake of the global financial crisis, Spain marked the fourth full year of positive economic growth in 2017, with economic activity surpassing its pre-crisis peak, largely because of increased private consumption. The financial crisis of 2008 broke 16 consecutive years of economic growth for Spain, leading to an economic contraction that lasted until late 2013. In that year, the government successfully shored up its struggling banking sector - heavily exposed to the collapse of Spain’s real estate boom - with the help of an EU-funded restructuring and recapitalization program.

Until 2014, contraction in bank lending, fiscal austerity, and high unemployment constrained domestic consumption and investment. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to more than 26% in 2013, but labor reforms prompted a modest reduction to 16.4% in 2017. High unemployment strained Spain's public finances, as spending on social benefits increased while tax revenues fell. Spain’s budget deficit peaked at 11.4% of GDP in 2010, but Spain gradually reduced the deficit to about 3.3% of GDP in 2017. Public debt has increased substantially – from 60.1% of GDP in 2010 to nearly 96.7% in 2017.

Strong export growth helped bring Spain's current account into surplus in 2013 for the first time since 1986 and sustain Spain’s economic growth. Increasing labor productivity and an internal devaluation resulting from moderating labor costs and lower inflation have improved Spain’s export competitiveness and generated foreign investor interest in the economy, restoring FDI flows.

In 2017, the Spanish Government’s minority status constrained its ability to implement controversial labor, pension, health care, tax, and education reforms. The European Commission expects the government to meet its 2017 budget deficit target and anticipates that expected economic growth in 2018 will help the government meet its deficit target. Spain’s borrowing costs are dramatically lower since their peak in mid-2012 and increased economic activity has generated a modest level of inflation, at 2% in 2017.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.798 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1.715 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.704 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1.923 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.887 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.921 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.52% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.33% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.95% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.43% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.97% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.98% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$37,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$36,200 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$36,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$40,800 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$40,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1,393,351,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.09% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.32% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -799,10 +799,10 @@ "text": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.03% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "19.057 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "23.382 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -816,22 +816,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "14.13% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.73% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "15.25% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "15.53% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "14.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "34.8%" + "text": "36.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "34.1%" + "text": "35.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -840,9 +843,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "34.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "32 (2005)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -865,36 +865,42 @@ "text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "98.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "141.22% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "99% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.58% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$29.603 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$13.445 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$27.206 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$8.045 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$29.247 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$497.868 billion (2021 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$392.85 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$393.774 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$486.15 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$499.55 billion (2018 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$486.633 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -904,14 +910,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$476.678 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$373.67 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$375.087 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$444.31 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$460.98 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$445.719 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -921,11 +927,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, natural gas, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$69.41 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$92.201 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$63.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$81.288 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$74.731 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -940,20 +949,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.847 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.7525 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1290,7 +1299,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 160,287 (Ukraine) (as of 26 December 2022)" + "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 164,705 (Ukraine) (as of 28 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "692 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 14824660..011e7fe4 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ "text": "1.67 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.81 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.81 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.3% (2017)", @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ "text": "18.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "53.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "53.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -382,13 +382,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.8%" + "text": "24.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "25.3%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "24.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "23% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -676,37 +676,37 @@ "text": "

Sweden’s small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country’s sovereignty over its welfare system.

 

Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe.

 

GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country’s competitiveness.

 

In the short and medium term, Sweden’s economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$558.427 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$524.75 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$531.455 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$539.96 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$532.67 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$543.245 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.08% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.17% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.29% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.06% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.82% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.99% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$53,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$50,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$51,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$52,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$52,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$52,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -714,14 +714,14 @@ "text": "$531.35 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.16% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.5% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.78% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -774,10 +774,10 @@ "text": "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.72% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.029 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.556 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -791,22 +791,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "6.78% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.66% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.33% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.29% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.83% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.8%" + "text": "24.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "25.3%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "24.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "23% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -815,9 +818,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "28.8 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1992": { - "text": "25 (1992)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -840,37 +840,43 @@ "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "40.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "44% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "42.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "38.69% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "42.28% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "50.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "26.58% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$22.339 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$34.075 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$13.902 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$32.372 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$29.361 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$290.793 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$240.08 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$241.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$254.53 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$254.25 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$257.293 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -880,14 +886,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, lumber (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$263.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$217.68 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$217.165 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$232.81 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$241.53 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$233.648 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -897,11 +903,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$62.22 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$62.053 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$59.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$58.26 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$55.51 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -916,20 +925,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.577 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "8.49085 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.21 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "9.52915 (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.458 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "9.01895 (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.693 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "8.4335 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.8612 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "8.549 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1262,7 +1271,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 50,040 (Ukraine) (as of 23 December 2022)" + "text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 50,357 (Ukraine) (as of 29 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "50,098 (mid-year 2021); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 131383f0..41536cb2 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ "text": "1.58 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.77 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.77 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "71.6% (2017)" @@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ "text": "22.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -377,10 +377,10 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "9.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "9.4%" }, "female": { "text": "8.8% (2021 est.)" @@ -688,52 +688,52 @@ "text": "

Switzerland, a country that espouses neutrality, is a prosperous and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies.

The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to gain access to the Union’s Single Market and enhance the country’s international competitiveness. Some trade protectionism remains, however, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. During this period, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy, as well as to prevent appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy began to recover in 2010.

The sovereign debt crises unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries, however, coupled with economic instability in Russia and other Eastern European economies drove up demand for the Swiss franc by investors seeking a safe haven currency. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss franc’s peg to the euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of present-day Swiss monetary policy. The independent SNB has upheld its zero-interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell below 2% per year from 2011 through 2017.

In recent years, Switzerland has responded to increasing pressure from neighboring countries and trading partners to reform its banking secrecy laws, by agreeing to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax evasion. The Swiss Government has also renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous countries, including the US, to incorporate OECD standards.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$618.228 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$590.71 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$593.185 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$608.16 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$601.65 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$607.619 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.22% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.38% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.11% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.04% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.65% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.14% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$71,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$68,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$68,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$70,900 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$70,700 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$731.502 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "0.58% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.73% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.36% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -786,10 +786,10 @@ "text": "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.91% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.067 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.963 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -803,19 +803,22 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "2.31% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.32% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.55% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.82% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.39% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "9.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "9.4%" }, "female": { "text": "8.8% (2021 est.)" @@ -827,9 +830,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "32.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1992": { - "text": "33.1 (1992)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -853,37 +853,43 @@ "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "20.91% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "18.95% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "18.68% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the Government Financial Systems Manual 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.37% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$79.937 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$59.159 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$63.273 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$11.067 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$30.806 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$571.376 billion (2021 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$470.91 billion (2020 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$474.236 billion (2020 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$478.34 billion (2019 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$482.58 billion (2018 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$478.505 billion (2019 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" }, "note": "note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland" }, @@ -894,14 +900,14 @@ "text": "gold, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, watches, jewelry (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$480.522 billion (2021 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$401.91 billion (2020 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$429.979 billion (2020 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$394 billion (2019 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$395.86 billion (2018 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$413.404 billion (2019 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -911,11 +917,14 @@ "text": "gold, packaged medicines, jewelry, cars, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$811.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.11 trillion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$679.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.083 trillion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$854.929 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -930,20 +939,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.914 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.88995 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.939 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.98835 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.994 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.99195 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.978 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.9627 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.9152 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.985 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1265,7 +1274,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 77,045 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" + "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 77,045 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "684 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 790946eb..97999573 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "76.1% (2010/12)", @@ -346,12 +346,12 @@ "text": "13.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "50.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 18": { "text": "0.1% (2020 est.)" @@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.2%" + "text": "13.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "13%" + "text": "14.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -689,37 +689,37 @@ "text": "

The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output.

In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK’s economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017.

The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.028 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2,797,980,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.816 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,101,640,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,059,690,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.166 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.52% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.03% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.26% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.25% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.74% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$45,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$41,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$42,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$46,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$46,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$47,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -727,14 +727,14 @@ "text": "$2,827,918,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.52% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.99% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.74% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ "text": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.12% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "35.412 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "34.637 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -804,22 +804,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.17% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.53% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "2.51% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.47% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.74% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.2%" + "text": "13.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "13%" + "text": "14.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -828,9 +831,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "34.8 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "33.4 (2010)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -853,37 +853,43 @@ "text": "-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "87.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "195.39% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "87.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "160.02% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "157.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "24.73% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "6 April - 5 April" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$121.921 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$62.941 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$104.927 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$87.814 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$80.779 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$874.486 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$741.95 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$791.733 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$879.92 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$882.65 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$893.142 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -893,14 +899,14 @@ "text": "cars, gas turbines, gold, crude petroleum, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$898.719 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$752.77 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$783.438 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$914.96 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$916.4 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$939.349 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -910,11 +916,14 @@ "text": "gold, cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$150.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$194.181 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$129.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$180.054 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$173.569 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -929,20 +938,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "British pounds (GBP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.727 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.78 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.783 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "0.75 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.7836 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.738 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.738 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.607 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.6391 (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.777 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1288,7 +1297,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 152,200 (Ukraine) (as of 19 December 2022)" + "text": "21,904 (Iran), 15,615 (Eritrea), 11,371 (Sudan), 12,155 (Syria), 10,259 (Afghanistan), 8,009 (Pakistan), 7,699 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 152,200 (Ukraine) (as of 19 December 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,968 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index be196731..38b3d633 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "1.56 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.76 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.76 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "65.4% (2012)" @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ "text": "11.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "16.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -702,52 +702,52 @@ "text": "

After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR.

 

Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea.

 

Ukraine’s oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe’s poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine’s economy fell into crisis because of Russia’s annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court.

 

Russia’s occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine’s heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine’s key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$535.579 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$516.68 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$517.968 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$538.33 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$521.52 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$538.164 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.75% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "3.24% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.41% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.48% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$12,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$12,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$12,800 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$155.082 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "9.36% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.73% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "7.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "11% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "14.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.89% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone" }, @@ -801,10 +801,10 @@ "text": "coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.57% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "16.033 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "20.463 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -818,23 +818,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "8.89% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.88% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "9.42% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.13% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.19% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "16.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -843,9 +846,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "26.1 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": { - "text": "28.2 (2009)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -869,37 +869,43 @@ "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "71% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "58.72% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "81.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "48.33% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "56.91% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.15% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$3.249 billion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$5.267 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2019": { "text": "-$4.124 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$6.432 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$81.504 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$60.67 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$60.707 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$63.56 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$59.18 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$63.556 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -909,14 +915,14 @@ "text": "corn, sunflower seed oils, iron and iron products, wheat, insulated wiring, rapeseed (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$84.175 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$62.46 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$63.085 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$76.07 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$70.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$76.067 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -926,11 +932,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, coal, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$18.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$30.967 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$15.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$29.138 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$25.317 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -945,20 +954,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "27.286 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "28.10001 (2020 est.)" + "text": "26.958 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "23.7 (2019 est.)" + "text": "25.846 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "27.80499 (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.2 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "21.8447 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "11.8867 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "26.597 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 9ba2f69b..fbf33151 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ "text": "1.64 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ "text": "0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "72.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "72.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14%" + "text": "10.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.5%" + "text": "7.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "19.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -673,51 +673,51 @@ "text": "

The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP from the oil and gas sector to 30%.

 

Since the discovery of oil in the UAE nearly 60 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.

 

The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014.

 

The UAE’s dependence on oil is a significant long-term challenge, although the UAE is one of the most diversified countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to cut expenditures, including on some social programs, but the UAE has sufficient assets in its sovereign investment funds to cover its deficits. The government reduced fuel subsidies in August 2015, and introduced excise taxes (50% on sweetened carbonated beverages and 100% on energy drinks and tobacco) in October 2017. A five-percent value-added tax was introduced in January 2018. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification, promoting the UAE as a global trade and tourism hub, developing industry, and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$653.067 billion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$628.455 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$655.79 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$644.97 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$637.384 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$661.233 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.92% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.96% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.11% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$69,700 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$67,700 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$67,100 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$67,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$67,184 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$71,800 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$421.077 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-2.08% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-1.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "-1.93% (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.07% (2018 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -770,10 +770,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.54% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.344 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "6.074 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: expatriates account for about 85% of the workforce" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -788,22 +788,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.36% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "3.6% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.19% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.23% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "14%" + "text": "10.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.5%" + "text": "7.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "18.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "19.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -843,7 +846,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.68% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" @@ -885,11 +888,14 @@ "text": "gold, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, refined petroleum, diamonds (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$95.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$131.117 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$85.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$106.702 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$108.359 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -904,20 +910,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.673 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.67315 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.673 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3.67315 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.673 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.67315 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.673 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.673 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.673 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.673 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 8bc6b072..fcef9b50 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.91 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.9 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "0.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "63.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.9% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.4%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "14.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -678,52 +678,52 @@ "text": "

Prior to the decline in global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports and to some non-export sectors. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa Pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. First gas to Turkey through the SGC is expected in 2018 with project completion expected by 2020-21.

 

Declining oil prices caused a 3.1% contraction in GDP in 2016, and a 0.8% decline in 2017, highlighted by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline was accompanied by higher inflation, a weakened banking sector, and two sharp currency devaluations in 2015. Azerbaijan’s financial sector continued to struggle. In May 2017, Baku allowed the majority state-owed International Bank of Azerbaijan (IBA), the nation’s largest bank, to default on some of its outstanding debt and file for restructuring in Azerbaijani courts; IBA also filed in US and UK bankruptcy courts to have its restructuring recognized in their respective jurisdictions.

 

Azerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. The government has, however, made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports - mainly in the agricultural sector - with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the US, and others. It is also improving Baku airport and the Caspian Sea port of Alat for use as a regional transportation and logistics hub.

 

Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to develop export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the president approved a strategic roadmap for economic reforms that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, information technology, and tourism. In October 2017, the long-awaited Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, stretching from the Azerbaijani capital to Kars in north-eastern Turkey, began limited service.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$146.305 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$138.51 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$138.546 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$144.74 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$141.24 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$144.771 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.6% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-3.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.3% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$13,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$14,400 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,200 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$48.104 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "6.65% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.76% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "12.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.61% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -776,10 +776,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.95% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.939 million (2019 est.)" + "text": "4.919 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -793,22 +793,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.58% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.46% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.85% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.4%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "14.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -817,9 +820,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { "text": "33.7 (2008)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2001": { - "text": "36.5 (2001)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -850,29 +850,32 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.22% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$1.685 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$8.292 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.363 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$227.568 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$4.365 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$25.488 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$15.21 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$15.209 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$23.63 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$25.48 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -882,14 +885,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, tomatoes, gold (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$16.337 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$15.54 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$15.538 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$17.71 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$17.71 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$17.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -899,11 +902,14 @@ "text": "gold, cars, refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$6.681 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$8.307 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$7.142 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.634 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.043 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -918,20 +924,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.7 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.7 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1.7 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.723 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.5957 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.5957 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.0246 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7844 (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.721 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index da928bd9..8662052b 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.65 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.79 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.1% (2015/16)" @@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ "text": "1.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "64.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.6% (2015/16)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "64.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0%" @@ -387,13 +387,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "25.4%" + "text": "34%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.1% (2020 est.)" + "text": "38.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -679,37 +679,37 @@ "text": "

Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region.

 

Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan.

 

Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$39.613 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$37.31 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$37.476 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$40.38 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$37.53 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$40.384 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.7% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.2% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.6% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -717,14 +717,14 @@ "text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.18% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.21% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.44% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -774,10 +774,10 @@ "text": "brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.507 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.153 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -791,33 +791,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "18.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "20.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "18.8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "21.21% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "18.3% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "25.4%" + "text": "34%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.1% (2020 est.)" + "text": "38.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "26.4% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "34.4 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "31.5 (2013 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "25.2 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -840,36 +840,39 @@ "text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "53.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "63.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "50.03% of GDP (2019 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.86% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$328 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$515.126 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$238 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$477.811 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$996.978 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$5.012 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$3.82 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$3.818 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$5.64 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$4.91 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5.794 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -880,14 +883,14 @@ "text": "copper ore, gold, tobacco, liquors, iron alloys (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$6.12 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$5 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.082 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$7.47 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$6.61 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.603 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -897,11 +900,14 @@ "text": "natural gas, cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, diamonds (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$3.23 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.204 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.616 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.85 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -916,20 +922,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "503.77 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "489.009 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "480.445 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "482.988 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "487.9 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "480.49 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "480.49 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "477.92 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "415.92 (2013 est.)" + "text": "482.716 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1161,12 +1167,8 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "780 km (2014)" - }, - "broad gauge": { - "text": "780 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (780 km electrified)" - }, - "note": "note: 726 km operational" + "text": "686 km (2017)" + } }, "Roadways": { "total": { @@ -1221,7 +1223,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,774 (Azerbaijan), 5,205 (Syria - ethnic Armenians) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "27,929 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "892 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index 3236cde6..307e8e63 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "text": "1.67 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.82 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.82 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ "text": "4.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "44.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "43.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "9.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.6%" + "text": "6.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.2% (2012 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -666,37 +666,37 @@ "text": "

Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrain’s economy. Despite the Government’s past efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini budget revenues. In the last few years lower world energy prices have generated sizable budget deficits - about 10% of GDP in 2017 alone. Bahrain has few options for covering these deficits, with low foreign assets and fewer oil resources compared to its GCC neighbors. The three major US credit agencies downgraded Bahrain’s sovereign debt rating to \"junk\" status in 2016, citing persistently low oil prices and the government’s high debt levels. Nevertheless, Bahrain was able to raise about $4 billion by issuing foreign currency denominated debt in 2017.

 

Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil and gas –finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In April 2018 Bahrain announced it had found a significant oil field off the country’s west coast, but is still assessing how much of the oil can be extracted profitably.

 

In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain’s regional competitiveness — especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism — and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector. Since 2015, the government lifted subsidies on meat, diesel, kerosene, and gasoline and has begun to phase in higher prices for electricity and water. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. It plans to introduce a Value Added Tax (VAT) by the end of 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$72.267 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$69.65 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$70.694 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$73.95 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$72.51 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$74.364 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.23% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.94% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.49% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "13.89% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.85% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.17% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$49,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$40,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$47,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$45,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$46,200 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$49,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -704,11 +704,14 @@ "text": "$38.472 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "-0.61% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-2.32% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.01% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -761,10 +764,10 @@ "text": "petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "831,600 (2017 est.)", + "text": "819,100 (2021 est.)", "note": "note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -779,23 +782,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "1.87% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "1.78% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.2% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official estimate; actual rate is higher" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "9.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "2.6%" + "text": "6.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.2% (2012 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -835,6 +841,9 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$2.435 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2017": { "text": "-$1.6 billion (2017 est.)" }, @@ -844,10 +853,10 @@ }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$30.1 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$30.097 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$26.762 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$26.732 billion (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -859,10 +868,10 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$27.19 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$27.187 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$22.132 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$23.876 billion (2017 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -872,11 +881,14 @@ "text": "cars, iron ore, jewelry, gold, gas turbines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.349 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.993 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$3.094 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$2.523 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.903 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -891,20 +903,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.376 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.37705 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.376 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.37705 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.376 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.377 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.376 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.376 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.376 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.376 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index b21c632a..9ed27a81 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -127,6 +127,9 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Orthodox (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)" }, + "Demographic profile": { + "text": "

Analyzing population trends in Georgia since independence in 1991 has proven difficult due to a lack of reliable demographic statistics.  Censuses were fairly accurately and regularly updated through a vital statistics system during Georgia’s period of Soviet rule, but from independence until about 2010, the system broke down as a result of institutional and economic change, social unrest, and large-scale outmigration.  The 2002 census is believed to have significantly overestimated the size of Georgia’s population, in part because respondents continued to include relatives living abroad as part of their household count.  The 2014 census indicates that Georgia’s population is decreasing and aging.  Census data shows that the median age increased from 34.5 years in 2002 to 37.7 years in 2014.  The working-age population (ages 15-65 years) was fairly high in 2002 and rose between 2005 and 2011. Nonetheless, Georgia did not reap economic benefits from this age structure, since the working-age population increase seems to have stimulated labor outmigration to Russia, Ukraine, and other neighboring countries.

Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Georgia has seen its economy grow to its highest level in years due to the influx of Russian businesses, information and communications technology specialists, and money transfers.  This growth may only be temporary and conditions could still easily change depending on future events.  Meanwhile, the Russian inflow is also a source of concern, as some Georgians fear it could prompt Putin to target their country next.  In addition, Ukrainian refugees use Georgia not just as a transit country but also a destination.  Some 25,000 Ukrainians remain in the country as of November 2022; they pose an additional strain on resources in Georgia, which has a significant population of its own displaced citizens – from the 2008 Russian occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia – who continue to need government support.

" + }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "18.42% (male 472,731/female 435,174)" @@ -252,7 +255,7 @@ "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.85 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "40.6% (2018)" @@ -340,12 +343,12 @@ "text": "7.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "67.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.1% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "67.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.3%" @@ -387,13 +390,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "31.3%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "30.5%" + "text": "27.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "32.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "29.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -575,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 November 2018 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president

note - 2017 constitutional amendments made the 2018 election the last where the president was directly elected; future presidents will be elected by a 300-member College of Electors; in light of these changes, ZOURABICHVILI was allowed a six-year term" }, "election results": { - "text": "2018 Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2

2013 Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI is sworn in as president (Georgian Dream) 62.1%, David BAKRADZE (ENM) 21.7%, Nino BURJANADZE (DM-UG) 10.2%, other 6%" + "text": "2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2

2013: Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI elected president (Georgian Dream) 62.1%, David BAKRADZE (ENM) 21.7%, Nino BURJANADZE (DM-UG) 10.2%, other 6%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -675,52 +678,52 @@ "text": "

Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its electricity needs.

 

Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods.

 

Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment, remittances, and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sank to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-17, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment remains persistently high.

 

The country is pinning its hopes for faster growth on a continued effort to build up infrastructure, enhance support for entrepreneurship, simplify regulations, and improve professional education, in order to attract foreign investment and boost employment, with a focus on transportation projects, tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Georgia had historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia concluded an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. In 2017, Georgia signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China as part of Tbilisi’s efforts to diversify its economic ties. Georgia is seeking to develop its Black Sea ports to further facilitate East-West trade.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$57.434 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$52.33 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$51.993 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$55.76 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$53.12 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$55.762 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.47% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.76% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.9% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "4.98% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$15,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$14,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$14,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$15,000 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "9.57% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "4.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.85% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -773,10 +776,10 @@ "text": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "686,000 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.724 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -790,30 +793,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "11.8% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "10.66% (2021 est.) NA%" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "18.5% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "11.57% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "31.3%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "30.5%" + "text": "27.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "32.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "29.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.5% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "36.4 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "46 (2011)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "34.5 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -836,37 +842,43 @@ "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "44.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "65.88% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "44.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "45.15% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "38.89% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.41% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.348 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.937 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.84 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.981 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.025 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$8.086 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$5.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.927 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$9.54 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$8.9 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$9.546 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -876,14 +888,14 @@ "text": "copper, cars, iron alloys, wine, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$11.151 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$8.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$11.11 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$10.77 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.162 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -893,11 +905,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, copper, packaged medicines, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$3.039 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.271 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$2.756 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$3.913 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$3.506 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -912,20 +927,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.222 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "3.109 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.818 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "2.534 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "2.535 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.3668 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.3668 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.2694 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.7657 (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.51 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1061,18 +1076,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "387,698 (2020 est.)" + "text": "337,923 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "10 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "5,100,101 (2020 est.)" + "text": "5,163,558 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "128 (2020 est.)" + "text": "137 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1103,10 +1118,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "972,162 (2020 est.)" + "text": "986,809 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "24 (2020 est.)" + "text": "25 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 73a21861..84e5a9bb 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ "text": "3.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.67 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.62 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.3% (2019/20)", @@ -285,14 +285,14 @@ "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the Gaza Strip is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.3% (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: data includes Gaza and the West Bank" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.1% (2019/20)", "note": "note: estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62.4% (2023 est.)", + "note": "note: data includes Gaza and the West Bank" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.7%" @@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "41.7%" + "text": "39.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "33.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "64.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "69% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes the West Bank" } @@ -429,29 +429,38 @@ "text": "

Movement and access restrictions, violent attacks, and the slow pace of post-conflict reconstruction continue to degrade economic conditions in the Gaza Strip, the smaller of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories. Israeli controls became more restrictive after HAMAS seized control of the territory in June 2007. Under Hamas control, Gaza has suffered from rising unemployment, elevated poverty rates, and a sharp contraction of the private sector, which had relied primarily on export markets.

Since April 2017, the Palestinian Authority has reduced payments for electricity supplied to Gaza and cut salaries for its employees there, exacerbating poor economic conditions. Since 2014, Egypt’s crackdown on the Gaza Strip’s extensive tunnel-based smuggling network has exacerbated fuel, construction material, and consumer goods shortages in the territory. Donor support for reconstruction following the 51-day conflict in 2014 between Israel and HAMAS and other Gaza-based militant groups has fallen short of post-conflict needs.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "

see entry for the West Bank

" + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$27.779 billion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$25.95 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$29.262 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "see entry for the West Bank" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-15.2% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "5.6% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.32% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.36% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,600 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$5,400 (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,220 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,318 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$6,402 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$6,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "see entry for the the West Bank" }, @@ -460,11 +469,14 @@ "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.74% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.58% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, @@ -508,11 +520,11 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, furniture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)", + "text": "6.22% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: see entry for the West Bank" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.24 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "1.249 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -528,23 +540,26 @@ "note": "note: data exclude the West Bank" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "27.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "24.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "27% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "25.89% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "25.34% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data exclude the West Bank" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "41.7%" + "text": "39.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "33.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "64.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "69% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes the West Bank" }, @@ -560,35 +575,47 @@ "Budget": { "text": "see entry for the West Bank" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.78% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.444 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.486 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.348 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.903 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.779 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$1.955 billion (2017 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.18 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$1.827 billion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.385 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$2.659 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "strawberries, carnations, vegetables, fish (small and irregular shipments, as permitted to transit the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom crossing)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$8.59 billion (2018 est.)" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$10.245 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$7.852 billion (2017 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$8.065 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$9.161 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "see entry for the West Bank" }, @@ -596,11 +623,14 @@ "text": "food, consumer goods, fuel" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$446.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$872.541 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$583 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$697.075 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$658.352 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index da3b4307..0f81df0d 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "text": "1.93 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.94 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.94 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "3.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "70.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.1% (2010/11)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "70.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.7%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "24%" }, "female": { - "text": "36% (2020 est.)" + "text": "41.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -688,37 +688,37 @@ "text": "

Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including corruption, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth.

 

Private sector activity includes small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services, in addition to medium-scale construction, cement production, mining, and metalworking. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread.

 

The lifting of most nuclear-related sanctions under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in January 2016 sparked a restoration of Iran’s oil production and revenue that drove rapid GDP growth, but economic growth declined in 2017 as oil production plateaued. The economy continues to suffer from low levels of investment and declines in productivity since before the JCPOA, and from high levels of unemployment, especially among women and college-educated Iranian youth.

 

In May 2017, the re-election of President Hasan RUHANI generated widespread public expectations that the economic benefits of the JCPOA would expand and reach all levels of society. RUHANI will need to implement structural reforms that strengthen the banking sector and improve Iran’s business climate to attract foreign investment and encourage the growth of the private sector. Sanctions that are not related to Iran’s nuclear program remain in effect, and these—plus fears over the possible re-imposition of nuclear-related sanctions—will continue to deter foreign investors from engaging with Iran.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.319 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,044,310,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.26 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,027,240,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1.102 trillion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.219 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.72% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "12.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.33% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-2.66% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$15,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$14,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,400 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$13,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -726,11 +726,14 @@ "text": "$581.252 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "9.6% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "43.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "9.1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "30.59% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "39.91% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official Iranian estimate" }, @@ -772,10 +775,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.21% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "30.5 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "27.682 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: shortage of skilled labor" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -790,31 +793,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "11.46% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "12.4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "12.17% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "10.74% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are Iranian Government numbers" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.7%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "24%" }, "female": { - "text": "36% (2020 est.)" + "text": "41.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18.7% (2007 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "40.8 (2017 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "40.9 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -907,20 +913,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "42,000 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "42,000 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "42,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "40,864.329 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "32,769.7 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "30,914.9 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "30,914.9 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "29,011.5 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "25,912 (2013 est.)" + "text": "33,226.298 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 3bcacd43..5b64f3b4 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ "text": "2.56 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.25 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.24 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ "text": "13.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.9% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.7% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -379,13 +379,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.9%" + "text": "8.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.6%" + "text": "8.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -688,37 +688,37 @@ "text": "

Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among its leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are offset by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows.

 

Since March 2020, economic growth has slowed compared to recent historical averages, but Israel's slump has been less severe than in other Middle Eastern countries because of its swift vaccine roll-out and diversified economic base. Between 2016 and 2019, growth averaged 3.6% per year, led by exports. Israel's new government is hoping to pass the country's first budget in two years, which, combined with prudent fiscal policy and strong global trade ties would probably enable Israel to recover from economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

 

Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds in the last decade. In 2020, Israel began exporting gas to Egypt and Jordan.

 

Income inequality and high housing and commodity prices continue to be a concern for many Israelis. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries, and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. Government officials have called for reforms to boost the housing supply and to increase competition in the banking sector to address these public grievances. Despite calls for reforms, the restricted housing supply continues to impact younger Israelis seeking to purchase homes. Tariffs and non-tariff barriers, coupled with guaranteed prices and customs tariffs for farmers kept food prices high. Private consumption is expected to drive growth through 2021, with consumers benefitting from low inflation and a strong currency.

 

In the long term, Israel faces structural issues including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultraorthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only about 8% of the workforce, with the rest mostly employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition. Expenditures on educational institutions remain low compared to most other OECD countries with similar GDP per capita.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$393.861 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$353.39 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$362.632 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$362.23 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$350.15 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$369.494 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.61% (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { - "text": "-2.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "-1.86% (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "3.28% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.69% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.16% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$42,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$38,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$39,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$40,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$39,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$40,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -726,14 +726,14 @@ "text": "$394.93 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.49% (2021 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { - "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)" + "text": "-0.59% (2020 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -786,10 +786,10 @@ "text": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.05% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.893 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.186 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -803,25 +803,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.05% (2021 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2020": { - "text": "4.4% (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.33% (2020 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.81% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.9%" + "text": "8.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.6%" + "text": "8.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.2% (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -830,13 +830,7 @@ }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "37 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "39 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "39.2 (2008)" + "text": "38.6 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -870,31 +864,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "21.9% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$21.09 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2020": { - "text": "$20.642 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$22.486 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$13.411 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "$7.888 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14.747 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$143.884 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$113.87 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$114.422 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$115.57 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$110.05 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$117.779 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -904,14 +898,14 @@ "text": "diamonds, packaged medicines, medical instruments, integrated circuits, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$124.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$96.53 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$95.977 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$108.26 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$107.74 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$108.784 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -921,14 +915,14 @@ "text": "diamonds, cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": { - "text": "$173.292 billion (2020 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$212.934 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$113 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$173.292 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$95.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$126.008 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -946,20 +940,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.23 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.44 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.442 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3.4684 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.565 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.7332 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.591 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.8869 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.5779 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.6 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 726ca34e..0c9ac414 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ "text": "3.25 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.58 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.55 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.8% (2018)" @@ -359,12 +359,12 @@ "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.9% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7.2%" @@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.6%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "63.3% (2017)" + "text": "65.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -705,37 +705,37 @@ "text": "

Iraq's GDP growth slowed to 1.1% in 2017, a marked decline compared to the previous two years as domestic consumption and investment fell because of civil violence and a sluggish oil market. The Iraqi Government received its third tranche of funding from its 2016 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF in August 2017, which is intended to stabilize its finances by encouraging improved fiscal management, needed economic reform, and expenditure reduction. Additionally, in late 2017 Iraq received more than $1.4 billion in financing from international lenders, part of which was generated by issuing a $1 billion bond for reconstruction and rehabilitation in areas liberated from ISIL. Investment and key sector diversification are crucial components to Iraq’s long-term economic development and require a strengthened business climate with enhanced legal and regulatory oversight to bolster private-sector engagement. The overall standard of living depends on global oil prices, the central government passage of major policy reforms, a stable security environment post-ISIS, and the resolution of civil discord with the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG).

 

Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides roughly 85% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings, and is a major determinant of the economy's fortunes. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil exports and revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential.

 

In 2017, Iraqi oil exports from northern fields were disrupted following a KRG referendum that resulted in the Iraqi Government reasserting federal control over disputed oil fields and energy infrastructure in Kirkuk. The Iraqi government and the KRG dispute the role of federal and regional authorities in the development and export of natural resources. In 2007, the KRG passed an oil law to develop IKR oil and gas reserves independent of the federal government. The KRG has signed about 50 contracts with foreign energy companies to develop its reserves, some of which lie in territories taken by Baghdad in October 2017. The KRG is able to unilaterally export oil from the fields it retains control of through its own pipeline to Turkey, which Baghdad claims is illegal. In the absence of a national hydrocarbons law, the two sides have entered into five provisional oil- and revenue-sharing deals since 2009, all of which collapsed.

 

Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate. The Government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles, including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. Under the Iraqi constitution, some competencies relevant to the overall investment climate are either shared by the federal government and the regions or are devolved entirely to local governments. Investment in the IKR operates within the framework of the Kurdistan Region Investment Law (Law 4 of 2006) and the Kurdistan Board of Investment, which is designed to provide incentives to help economic development in areas under the authority of the KRG.

 

Inflation has remained under control since 2006. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard-pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country despite a bloated public sector. Overregulation has made it difficult for Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Corruption and lack of economic reforms - such as restructuring banks and developing the private sector – have inhibited the growth of the private sector.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$390.165 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$372.27 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$379.6 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$415.32 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$397.64 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$428.076 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-2.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.78% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "13.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.32% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.51% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$9,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$9,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$8,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$10,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,300 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$10,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -743,14 +743,14 @@ "text": "$231.994 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "6.04% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.57% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -803,10 +803,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-1.14% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.9 million (2010 est.)" + "text": "11.184 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -820,22 +820,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "16% (2012 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.19% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "15% (2010 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "14.09% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "12.86% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.6%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "63.3% (2017)" + "text": "65.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -866,36 +869,42 @@ "text": "-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "27.44% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "59.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "text": "35.86% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "66% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "text": "29.48% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.34% (of GDP) (2019 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$4.344 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$24.563 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$13.38 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$6.198 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$15.763 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$78.261 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$50.61 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$50.632 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$88.9 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$91.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$88.903 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -905,14 +914,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, dates, petroleum coke (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$50.707 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$54.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$54.722 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$72.28 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$56.88 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$72.283 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -922,11 +931,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, jewelry, cigarettes (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$48.88 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$64.231 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$45.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$54.424 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$68.018 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -941,20 +953,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1,450 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1,192 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1,182 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1,182.75 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "1,184 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1,182 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1,182 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,167.63 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1,213.72 (2013 est.)" } } }, @@ -1288,7 +1300,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,272 (Turkey), 7,881 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 263,087 (Syria) (2022)" + "text": "13,344 (Turkey), 7,864 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 263,087 (Syria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,184,818 (displacement in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2022)" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index f9544644..01aaa074 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ "text": "2.96 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.44 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.41 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "51.8% (2017/18)" @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ "text": "12.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3% (2012)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.5%" @@ -398,13 +398,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "43%" - }, - "male": { "text": "40.5%" }, + "male": { + "text": "37.4%" + }, "female": { - "text": "54.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "53.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -701,37 +701,37 @@ "text": "

Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of unemployment and underemployment, budget and current account deficits, and government debt.

 

King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as expanding foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil contributed to slower growth from 2010 to 2017 - with growth averaging about 2.5% per year - and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction/real estate, and tourism. Since the onset of the civil war in Syria and resulting refugee crisis, one of Jordan’s most pressing socioeconomic challenges has been managing the influx of approximately 660,000 UN-registered refugees, more than 80% of whom live in Jordan’s urban areas. Jordan’s own official census estimated the refugee number at 1.3 million Syrians as of early 2016.

 

Jordan is nearly completely dependent on imported energy—mostly natural gas—and energy consistently makes up 25-30% of Jordan’s imports. To diversify its energy mix, Jordan has secured several contracts for liquefied and pipeline natural gas, developed several major renewables projects, and is currently exploring nuclear power generation and exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves. In August 2016, Jordan and the IMF agreed to a $723 million Extended Fund Facility that aims to build on the three-year, $2.1 billion IMF program that ended in August 2015 with the goal of helping Jordan correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$102.822 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$100.16 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$100.581 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$101.74 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$99.79 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$102.185 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "2.23% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.57% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.94% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.12% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.93% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$9,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$9,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$9,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$10,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$9,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -739,14 +739,14 @@ "text": "$44.568 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.35% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.33% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -799,10 +799,10 @@ "text": "tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.02% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "731,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.865 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -816,23 +816,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "19.1% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "19.25% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "18.61% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "19.03% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "16.81% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "43%" - }, - "male": { "text": "40.5%" }, + "male": { + "text": "37.4%" + }, "female": { - "text": "54.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "53.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -841,9 +844,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { "text": "33.7 (2010 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": { - "text": "36.4 (1997)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -866,34 +866,43 @@ "text": "-5.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "95.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "75.14% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "95.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "78.48% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2017": { + "text": "75.38% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.81% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$1.222 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.03 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$2.964 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.506 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$773.366 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$16.29 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$13.864 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$15.09 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$10.444 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$16.17 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -903,11 +912,14 @@ "text": "fertilizers, calcium phosphates, packaged medicines, clothing and apparel, phosphoric acid (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$22.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$23.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$22.92 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$18.424 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$21.964 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -936,20 +948,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.71 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.709 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.71 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.709 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.71 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.70925 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.71 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.71 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.71 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.71 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1269,7 +1281,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 66,665 (Iraq), 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 660,892 (Syria) (2022)" + "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 660,892 (Syria) (2022); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "63 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 9fc4a9c7..50f937b5 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "2.24 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.09 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.09 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ "text": "2.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -375,13 +375,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.4%" + "text": "25.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.4%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "30% (2016 est.)" + "text": "46.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -653,48 +653,51 @@ "text": "

Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels - more than 6% of world reserves. Kuwaiti officials plan to increase production to 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2020. Petroleum accounts for over half of GDP, 92% of export revenues, and 90% of government income.

 

With world oil prices declining, Kuwait realized a budget deficit in 2015 for the first time more than a decade; in 2016, the deficit grew to 16.5% of GDP. Kuwaiti authorities announced cuts to fuel subsidies in August 2016, provoking outrage among the public and National Assembly, and the Amir dissolved the government for the seventh time in ten years. In 2017 the deficit was reduced to 7.2% of GDP, and the government raised $8 billion by issuing international bonds. Despite Kuwait’s dependence on oil, the government has cushioned itself against the impact of lower oil prices, by saving annually at least 10% of government revenue in the Fund for Future Generations.

 

Kuwait has failed to diversify its economy or bolster the private sector, because of a poor business climate, a large public sector that employs about 74% of citizens, and an acrimonious relationship between the National Assembly and the executive branch that has stymied most economic reforms. The Kuwaiti Government has made little progress on its long-term economic development plan first passed in 2010. While the government planned to spend up to $104 billion over four years to diversify the economy, attract more investment, and boost private sector participation in the economy, many of the projects did not materialize because of an uncertain political situation or delays in awarding contracts. To increase non-oil revenues, the Kuwaiti Government in August 2017 approved draft bills supporting a Gulf Cooperation Council-wide value added tax scheduled to take effect in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$191.522 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$209.74 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$210.13 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$208.85 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$206.274 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$211.296 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.3% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.86% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.55% (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "2.43% (2018 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$43,900 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$49,900 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + "text": "$47,300 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$50,500 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$50,856 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$48,900 (2018 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$134.638 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.1% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.09% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -747,10 +750,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-12.2% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.695 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "2.363 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -765,22 +768,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.71% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.54% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.17% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.4%" + "text": "25.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.4%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "30% (2016 est.)" + "text": "46.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -820,19 +826,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$7.127 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$34.943 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$5.056 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$22.03 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$30.255 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$72.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$77.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$85.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$47.416 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$72.833 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -842,11 +854,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, aircraft, natural gas, industrial hydrocarbon products (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$59.65 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$48.954 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$68.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$44.015 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$59.654 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -856,11 +871,14 @@ "text": "cars, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, packaged medicines, jewelry (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$33.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$49.525 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$31.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$52.919 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$43.668 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -875,20 +893,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.302 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.3049 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.306 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.3037 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.304 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.304 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.302 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.3009 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.2845 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.303 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index dae1c366..6d87d385 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.83 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.83 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -336,12 +336,12 @@ "text": "28.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.4%" @@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.3%" + "text": "29.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "24.5%" + "text": "30.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "21.4% (2019)" + "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -684,37 +684,37 @@ "text": "

Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and inadequate intellectual property rights protection. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism.

 

The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily, mostly from domestic banks, which saddled the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007, following the July 2006 war. The \"CEDRE\" investment event hosted by France in April 2018 again rallied the international community to assist Lebanon with concessional financing and some grants for capital infrastructure improvements, conditioned upon long-delayed structural economic reforms in fiscal management, electricity tariffs, and transparent public procurement, among many others.

 

The Syria conflict cut off one of Lebanon's major markets and a transport corridor through the Levant. The influx of nearly one million registered and an estimated 300,000 unregistered Syrian refugees has increased social tensions and heightened competition for low-skill jobs and public services. Lebanon continues to face several long-term structural weaknesses that predate the Syria crisis, notably, weak infrastructure, poor service delivery, institutionalized corruption, and bureaucratic over-regulation. Chronic fiscal deficits have increased Lebanon’s debt-to-GDP ratio, the third highest in the world; most of the debt is held internally by Lebanese banks. These factors combined to slow economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-17, after four years of averaging 8% growth. Weak economic growth limits tax revenues, while the largest government expenditures remain debt servicing, salaries for government workers, and transfers to the electricity sector. These limitations constrain other government spending, limiting its ability to invest in necessary infrastructure improvements, such as water, electricity, and transportation. In early 2018, the Lebanese government signed long-awaited contract agreements with an international consortium for petroleum exploration and production as part of the country’s first offshore licensing round. Exploration is expected to begin in 2019.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$72.577 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$79.51 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$78.041 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$99.76 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$106.93 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$99.288 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-7% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-21.4% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-7.16% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$11,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$17,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -722,14 +722,14 @@ "text": "$53.253 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "154.76% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "84.86% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.01% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -782,10 +782,10 @@ "text": "banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-21.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-6.85% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.166 million (2016 est.)", + "text": "1.719 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: excludes as many as 1 million foreign workers and refugees" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -800,19 +800,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2007": { - "text": "9.7% (2007)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.49% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.3% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "11.35% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.3%" + "text": "29.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "24.5%" + "text": "30.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "21.4% (2019)" + "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -852,25 +858,31 @@ "note": "note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$12.37 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.985 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$11.18 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.995 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$11.265 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$18.17 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$10.147 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$19.16 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$8.773 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$18.208 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -880,11 +892,14 @@ "text": "gold, jewelry, shotguns, diamonds, scrap copper (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$31.34 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$17.383 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$32.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$15.206 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$31.147 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -894,11 +909,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, jewelry, gold (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$55.42 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$35.239 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$54.04 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$42.44 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$52.213 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -913,20 +931,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1,507.5 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1,517.5 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1,507.5 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1,513 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1,507.5 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1,506.5 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1,507.5 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1,507.5 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1,507.5 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1,507.5 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1250,7 +1268,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "479,537 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 825,081 (Syria) (2022)" + "text": "479,537 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 814,715 (Syria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "7,000 (2020)" diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index e0533cb8..25883f22 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "text": "2.7 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.32 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.3 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.7% (2014)" @@ -342,12 +342,12 @@ "text": "0.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56.6% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "11.2% (2016/17)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -378,13 +378,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "14.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.1%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "31.6% (2020)" + "text": "29.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -658,51 +658,51 @@ "text": "

Oman is heavily dependent on oil and gas resources, which can generate between and 68% and 85% of government revenue, depending on fluctuations in commodity prices. In 2016, low global oil prices drove Oman’s budget deficit to $13.8 billion, or approximately 20% of GDP, but the budget deficit is estimated to have reduced to 12% of GDP in 2017 as Oman reduced government subsidies. As of January 2018, Oman has sufficient foreign assets to support its currency’s fixed exchange rates. It is issuing debt to cover its deficit.

 

Oman is using enhanced oil recovery techniques to boost production, but it has simultaneously pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP. The key components of the government's diversification strategy are tourism, shipping and logistics, mining, manufacturing, and aquaculture.

 

Muscat also has notably focused on creating more Omani jobs to employ the rising number of nationals entering the workforce. However, high social welfare benefits - that had increased in the wake of the 2011 Arab Spring - have made it impossible for the government to balance its budget in light of current oil prices. In response, Omani officials imposed austerity measures on its gasoline and diesel subsidies in 2016. These spending cuts have had only a moderate effect on the government’s budget, which is projected to again face a deficit of $7.8 billion in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$155.028 billion (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$150.378 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$135.79 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$136.92 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$135.696 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$155.639 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.09% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.38% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-1.13% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$34,300 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$33,100 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$27,300 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,400 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$29,082 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$33,800 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$76.883 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.55% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.9% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.13% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -755,10 +755,10 @@ "text": "crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.05% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.255 million (2016 est.)", + "text": "2.259 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -773,17 +773,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "

NA

" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "3.12% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "2.94% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "1.85% (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "NA" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "14.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.1%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "31.6% (2020)" + "text": "29.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -824,19 +833,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$10.76 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.288 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$12.32 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$12.307 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$4.02 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$43.69 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$46.324 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$46.32 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$35.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$43.584 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -846,11 +861,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, iron products, fertilizers (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$32.55 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$36.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$35.37 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$34.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$32.569 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -860,11 +878,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, gold, iron (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$16.09 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$19.731 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$20.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$15.007 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$16.662 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -879,20 +900,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.385 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.38505 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.385 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.38505 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.385 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "0.385 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.3845 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.3845 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "0.385 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index b224eaaa..a687e3ab 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.94 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.94 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "37.5% (2012)" @@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ "text": "1.9% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -376,13 +376,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "0.5%" + "text": "1.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "0.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "1.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -667,37 +667,37 @@ "text": "

Qatar’s oil and natural gas resources are the country’s main economic engine and government revenue source, driving Qatar’s high economic growth and per capita income levels, robust state spending on public entitlements, and booming construction spending, particularly as Qatar prepares to host the World Cup in 2022. Although the government has maintained high capital spending levels for ongoing infrastructure projects, low oil and natural gas prices in recent years have led the Qatari Government to tighten some spending to help stem its budget deficit.

 

Qatar’s reliance on oil and natural gas is likely to persist for the foreseeable future. Proved natural gas reserves exceed 25 trillion cubic meters - 13% of the world total and, among countries, third largest in the world. Proved oil reserves exceed 25 billion barrels, allowing production to continue at current levels for about 56 years. Despite the dominance of oil and natural gas, Qatar has made significant gains in strengthening non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, construction, and financial services, leading non-oil GDP to steadily rise in recent years to just over half the total.

 

Following trade restriction imposed by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt in 2017, Qatar established new trade routes with other countries to maintain access to imports.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$249.636 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$245.66 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$245.727 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$255.01 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$253.05 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "1.59% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.64% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.77% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$92,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$85,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$89,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$90,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$91,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$90,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -705,14 +705,14 @@ "text": "$191.29 billion (2018 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "2.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-2.54% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.67% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -765,28 +765,31 @@ "text": "liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizer, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.66% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.953 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.977 million (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "0.26% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "11.1% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "0.21% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "0.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "0.5%" + "text": "1.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "0.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "1.7% (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -831,22 +834,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$6.426 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$26.319 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$8.27 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$2.986 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$4.26 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$105.549 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$70.93 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$70.933 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$92.05 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$102.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$92.046 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -856,14 +862,14 @@ "text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, ethylene polymers, fertilizers (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$61.204 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$59.06 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$59.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$66.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$65.81 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -873,11 +879,14 @@ "text": "aircraft, gas turbines, cars, jewelry, iron piping (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$15.01 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$42.213 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$31.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$40.973 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$39.718 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -892,20 +901,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.64 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.641 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.64 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3.641 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.64 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.641 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.64 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.64 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.64 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.64 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 8ade6af2..45988197 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.94 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "27.9% (2019)" @@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ "text": "2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "63.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "63.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.8% of GDP (2020) NA" }, @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "28.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.6%" + "text": "22.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "51.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "47.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -672,37 +672,37 @@ "text": "

Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 16% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 87% of budget revenues, 42% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings.

 

Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. Approximately 6 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors; at the same time, however, Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Saudi officials are particularly focused on employing its large youth population.

 

In 2017, the Kingdom incurred a budget deficit estimated at 8.3% of GDP, which was financed by bond sales and drawing down reserves. Although the Kingdom can finance high deficits for several years by drawing down its considerable foreign assets or by borrowing, it has cut capital spending and reduced subsidies on electricity, water, and petroleum products and recently introduced a value-added tax of 5%. In January 2016, Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN announced that Saudi Arabia intends to list shares of its state-owned petroleum company, ARAMCO - another move to increase revenue and outside investment. The government has also looked at privatization and diversification of the economy more closely in the wake of a diminished oil market. Historically, Saudi Arabia has focused diversification efforts on power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemical sectors. More recently, the government has approached investors about expanding the role of the private sector in the health care, education and tourism industries. While Saudi Arabia has emphasized their goals of diversification for some time, current low oil prices may force the government to make more drastic changes ahead of their long-run timeline.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.594 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,543,240,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.544 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,609,320,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,604,010,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.611 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-4.14% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.33% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$44,300 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$44,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$42,900 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$47,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$47,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$45,000 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -710,14 +710,14 @@ "text": "$792.849 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.06% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.45% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "-4.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-0.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2.09% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -770,10 +770,10 @@ "text": "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.71% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "13.8 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "16.06 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: comprised of 3.1 million Saudis and 10.7 million non-Saudis" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -788,23 +788,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.36% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "5.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.45% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.67% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for total population; unemployment among Saudi nationals is more than double" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "28.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "21.6%" + "text": "22.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "51.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "47.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -843,28 +846,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$15.23 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$44.324 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$23.87 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$22.814 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$38.23 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$286.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$184.11 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$182.848 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$285.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$314.92 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -874,14 +880,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, polymers, industrial alcohols, natural gas (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$213.016 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$179.8 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$182.184 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$218.94 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$209.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$218.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -891,11 +897,14 @@ "text": "cars, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, telephones (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$496.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$473.89 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$535.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$472.851 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$514.963 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -910,20 +919,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.75 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.7514 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.75 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { "text": "3.75 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.7518 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.75 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.75 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.75 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.75 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index dd37ebd3..5322019d 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "2.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.36 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.33 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -334,12 +334,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -367,6 +367,17 @@ "female": { "text": "9 years (2013)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "26.2%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "21.6%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "51.1% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -653,11 +664,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars
the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-36.5% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.87% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "-30.9% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.22% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "1.39% (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, @@ -722,10 +736,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-14.77% (2020 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.767 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.143 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -739,11 +753,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "50% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "10.57% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "50% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "10.26% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.77% (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "26.2%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "21.6%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "51.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -1191,7 +1219,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "568,730 (Palestinian Refugees) (2020); 12,435 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "568,730 (Palestinian Refugees) (2020); 11,121 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "6.75 million (ongoing civil war since 2011) (2022)" diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 79158e3d..ddbc0a0f 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ "text": "1.93 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.94 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.93 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "69.8% (2018)" @@ -355,12 +355,12 @@ "text": "19.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.5% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2%" @@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.1%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "22.5%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "29.9% (2020 est.)" + "text": "29.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -708,52 +708,52 @@ "text": "

Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.

 

Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.

 

Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.

 

After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth, averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.

 

The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.668 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2,393,960,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.396 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,352,640,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,331,270,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.35 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "11.35% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "1.94% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.98% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.04% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.54% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.78% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$31,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$28,400 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$28,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$28,200 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$760.028 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "12.28% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "15.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "16.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "11.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.18% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -806,10 +806,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.46% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "25.677 million (2020 est.)", + "text": "32.554 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -824,22 +824,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "13.68% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "11% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.11% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "13.67% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "25.1%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "22.5%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "29.9% (2020 est.)" + "text": "29.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -848,9 +851,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "41.9 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2003": { - "text": "43.6 (2003)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -873,36 +873,42 @@ "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "41.97% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "34.13% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "29.41% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "17.64% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "$8.561 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$13.693 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$20.745 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$35.537 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$5.303 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$203.29 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$245.84 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$237.54 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -912,14 +918,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$232.01 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$227.06 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$248.09 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -929,11 +935,14 @@ "text": "gold, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, scrap iron (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$107.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$109.535 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$93.512 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$105.62 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -948,20 +957,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.85 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "7.81925 (2020 est.)" + "text": "7.009 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "5.8149 (2019 est.)" + "text": "5.674 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "5.28905 (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.828 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.72 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.1885 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.648 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1303,7 +1312,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,543,837 (Syria) (2022); 46,739 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" + "text": "10,244 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 3,535,898 (Syria) (2022); 46,739 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index 4af432a6..5941bf31 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "text": "2.96 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.44 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.41 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.3% (2019/20)", @@ -309,14 +309,14 @@ "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the West Bank is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.3% (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: data includes Gaza and the West Bank" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.1% (2019/20)", "note": "note: estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62.4% (2023 est.)", + "note": "note: data includes Gaza and the West Bank" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.7%" @@ -359,13 +359,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "41.7%" + "text": "39.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "33.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "64.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "69% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" } @@ -473,39 +473,39 @@ "text": "

In 2017, the economic outlook in the West Bank - the larger of the two areas comprising the Palestinian Territories – remained fragile, as security concerns and political friction slowed economic growth. Unemployment in the West Bank remained high at 19.0% in the third quarter of 2017, only slightly better than 19.6% at the same point the previous year, while the labor force participation rate remained flat, year-on-year.

Longstanding Israeli restrictions on imports, exports, and movement of goods and people continue to disrupt labor and trade flows and the territory’s industrial capacity, and constrain private sector development. The PA’s budget benefited from an effort to improve tax collection, coupled with lower spending in 2017, but the PA for the foreseeable future will continue to rely heavily on donor aid for its budgetary needs and infrastructure development.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$27.779 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$25.91 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$25.95 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$29.26 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$28.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$29.262 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars and includes Gaza Strip" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "5.3% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "7.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "1% (2013 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-11.32% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.36% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$5,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$6,200 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars and includes Gaza Strip" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -513,11 +513,14 @@ "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "1.24% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.74% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.58% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, @@ -561,11 +564,11 @@ "text": "small-scale manufacturing, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)", + "text": "6.22% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.24 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "1.249 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -581,23 +584,26 @@ "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "27.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "24.9% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "27% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "25.89% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "25.34% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "41.7%" + "text": "39.6%" }, "male": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "33.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "64.5% (2021 est.)" + "text": "69% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, @@ -608,9 +614,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "33.7 (2016 est.)" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "38.7 (2007 est.)" - }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -643,25 +646,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "18.78% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.444 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.486 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.348 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.903 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.779 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.65 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.18 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.6 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.385 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$2.659 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, @@ -669,11 +678,14 @@ "text": "stone, olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$9.15 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$10.245 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$9.02 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$8.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars and includes Gaza Strip" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$9.161 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data include the Gaza Strip" }, @@ -681,11 +693,14 @@ "text": "food, consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum, chemicals" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$0 (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$872.541 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$583 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$697.075 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$658.352 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 50b1bdd2..d7222435 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "3.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.47 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.42 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "33.5% (2013)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "8.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "60.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "39.9% (2013)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "60.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -385,13 +385,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.5%" + "text": "25.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "23.5%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "34.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "36.3% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -779,31 +779,34 @@ "text": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-5.23% (2018 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.425 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.299 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "text": "

note: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force

" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2014": { - "text": "27% (2014 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.57% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2003": { - "text": "35% (2003 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.39% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "13.06% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.5%" + "text": "25.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "23.5%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "34.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "36.3% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -812,9 +815,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "36.7 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1999": { - "text": "37.3 (1999 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -851,9 +851,6 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$1.236 billion (2017 est.)" - }, "Current account balance 2016": { "text": "-$1.868 billion (2016 est.)" } @@ -887,11 +884,14 @@ "text": "wheat, refined petroleum, iron, rice, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$245.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$946.047 million (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$592.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.414 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$2.334 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -906,20 +906,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1,035.467 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "743.006 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "486.731 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "214.89 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "275 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "214.9 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "214.9 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "228 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "214.89 (2013 est.)" + "text": "282.195 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 19ca5113..e74ea47f 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.93 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -289,12 +289,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "48% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "47.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -560,36 +560,36 @@ "text": "

International business, which consists primarily of insurance and other financial services, is the real bedrock of Bermuda's economy, consistently accounting for about 85% of the island's GDP. Tourism is the country’s second largest industry, accounting for about 5% of Bermuda's GDP but a much larger share of employment. Over 80% of visitors come from the US and the sector struggled in the wake of the global recession of 2008-09. Even the financial sector has lost roughly 5,000 high-paying expatriate jobs since 2008, weighing heavily on household consumption and retail sales. Bermuda must import almost everything. Agriculture and industry are limited due to the small size of the island.

 

Bermuda's economy returned to negative growth in 2016, reporting a contraction of 0.1% GDP, after growing by 0.6% in 2015. Unemployment reached 7% in 2016 and 2017, public debt is growing and exceeds $2.4 billion, and the government continues to work on attracting foreign investment. Still, Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$5.127 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$4.863 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$5.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$5.227 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$5.22 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.84% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-0.3% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.31% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$80,300 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$76,100 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$81,800 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$81,400 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$81,835 (2017 est.)" + "text": "$81,700 (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "text": "international business, tourism, light manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "33,480 (2016 est.)" @@ -722,19 +722,25 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$818.6 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$1.015 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$763 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$853.85 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$838.701 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.59 billion (2019 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$1.123 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.59 billion (2018 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.027 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.605 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -745,11 +751,14 @@ "text": "re-exports of pharmaceuticals" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.925 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$1.723 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$2.224 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -770,6 +779,9 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "1 (2020 est.)" }, @@ -779,11 +791,8 @@ "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "1 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index acc20b38..fb32ba5e 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ "text": "1.57 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.76 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.77 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "10.7% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -393,13 +393,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.5%" + "text": "14%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "15%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "13.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -703,37 +703,37 @@ "text": "

Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Canada has a large oil and natural gas sector with the majority of crude oil production derived from oil sands in the western provinces, especially Alberta. Canada now ranks third in the world in proved oil reserves behind Venezuela and Saudi Arabia and is the world’s seventh-largest oil producer.

 

The 1989 Canada-US Free Trade Agreement and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (which includes Mexico) dramatically increased trade and economic integration between the US and Canada. Canada and the US enjoy the world’s most comprehensive bilateral trade and investment relationship, with goods and services trade totaling more than $680 billion in 2017, and two-way investment stocks of more than $800 billion. Over three-fourths of Canada’s merchandise exports are destined for the US each year. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports.

 

Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. The global economic crisis of 2007-08 moved the Canadian economy into sharp recession by late 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada’s economy posted strong growth in 2017 at 3%, but most analysts are projecting Canada’s economic growth will drop back closer to 2% in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.832 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,742,790,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.752 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,842,330,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,808,660,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.849 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.54% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.23% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.66% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.02% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.17% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.88% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$47,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$45,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$46,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$49,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$48,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$49,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -741,14 +741,14 @@ "text": "$1,741,865,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.72% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.95% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -801,10 +801,10 @@ "text": "transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.74% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "18.136 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "21.017 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -824,22 +824,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.67% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.51% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.83% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.46% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.66% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.5%" + "text": "14%" }, "male": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "15%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "13.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -849,9 +852,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "33.3 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": { - "text": "31.5 (1994)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -874,37 +874,43 @@ "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "89.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "72.09% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "91.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "48.01% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "48.18% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.3% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$35.425 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$826.662 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$42.862 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$29.216 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$35.434 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$611.146 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$477.31 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$484.226 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$555.83 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$556.89 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$561.63 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -915,14 +921,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, gold, refined petroleum, natural gas (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$609.256 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$510.29 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$517.964 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$583.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$589.55 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$589.037 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -932,11 +938,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, delivery trucks, crude petroleum, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$86.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$106.615 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$82.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$90.428 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$85.297 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -951,20 +960,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.254 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.28035 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.341 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "1.3228 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.327 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "1.32925 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.296 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.2788 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.0298 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1.298 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1320,7 +1329,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,400 (Venezuela) (refugees and migrants) (2020); 9,883 (Nigeria), 7,571 (Turkey), 7,385 (Iran), 6,965 (Pakistan), 6,287 (China), 5,244 (Colombia) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "22,400 (Venezuela) (refugees and migrants) (2020); 5,254 (Iran) (mid-year 2021)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,823 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index cf7106fb..4e7b47f3 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.93 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -293,12 +293,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "39.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "39.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "10.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -555,14 +555,14 @@ "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "0.36% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.27% (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-0.8% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "0.62% (2018 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ "text": "fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), anorthosite and ruby mining, handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "8.56% (2019 est.) NA" }, "Labor force": { "text": "26,840 (2015 est.)" @@ -655,9 +655,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "33.9 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "34.3 (2014 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -730,20 +727,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6.287 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "6.542 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "6.669 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "6.315 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "6.586 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "6.7309 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "6.7309 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.7326 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "5.6125 (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.603 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index f1199a33..36337d6c 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ "text": "1.68 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.82 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.1% (2018)" @@ -373,12 +373,12 @@ "text": "6.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "4.7% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "56.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "3.6%" @@ -417,10 +417,10 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.9%" + "text": "8.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.5%" + "text": "7.9%" }, "female": { "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" @@ -755,37 +755,37 @@ "text": "

Mexico's $2.4 trillion economy – 11th largest in the world - has become increasingly oriented toward manufacturing since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force in 1994. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal.

 

Mexico has become the US' second-largest export market and third-largest source of imports. In 2017, two-way trade in goods and services exceeded $623 billion. Mexico has free trade agreements with 46 countries, putting more than 90% of its trade under free trade agreements. In 2012, Mexico formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia, and Chile.

 

Mexico's current government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, has emphasized economic reforms, passing and implementing sweeping energy, financial, fiscal, and telecommunications reform legislation, among others, with the long-term aim to improve competitiveness and economic growth across the Mexican economy. Since 2015, Mexico has held public auctions of oil and gas exploration and development rights and for long-term electric power generation contracts. Mexico has also issued permits for private sector import, distribution, and retail sales of refined petroleum products in an effort to attract private investment into the energy sector and boost production.

 

Since 2013, Mexico’s economic growth has averaged 2% annually, falling short of private-sector expectations that President PENA NIETO’s sweeping reforms would bolster economic prospects. Growth is predicted to remain below potential given falling oil production, weak oil prices, structural issues such as low productivity, high inequality, a large informal sector employing over half of the workforce, weak rule of law, and corruption. Mexico’s economy remains vulnerable to uncertainty surrounding the future of NAFTA — because the United States is its top trading partner and the two countries share integrated supply chains — and to potential shifts in domestic policies following the inauguration of a new a president in December 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$2.418 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2,306,320,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.309 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,513,410,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,514,780,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$2.51 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.72% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.99% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "-0.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.19% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.34% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$19,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$17,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$18,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$19,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$19,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$20,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -793,14 +793,14 @@ "text": "$1,269,956,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.69% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.4% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.64% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -853,10 +853,10 @@ "text": "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.44% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "50.914 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "56.132 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -870,20 +870,23 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "3.49% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.38% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.33% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.45% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.48% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: underemployment may be as high as 25%" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "7.9%" + "text": "8.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "7.5%" + "text": "7.9%" }, "female": { "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" @@ -893,11 +896,8 @@ "text": "41.9% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "36.8 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "48.3 (2008)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "45.4 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -928,28 +928,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.29% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$4.351 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$4.817 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$25.415 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$27.103 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.406 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$522.235 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$434.93 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$434.366 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$492.73 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$480.1 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$492.657 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -959,14 +962,14 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, computers, delivery trucks, crude petroleum, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$544.752 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$410.66 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$411.458 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$495.79 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$505.05 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$495.391 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -976,11 +979,14 @@ "text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, office machinery/parts, telephones (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$175.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$207.799 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$178.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$199.069 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$183.056 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Mexico also maintains access to an $88 million Flexible Credit Line with the IMF" }, @@ -996,20 +1002,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "20.272 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "19.8 (2020 est.)" + "text": "21.486 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "19.22824 (2019 est.)" + "text": "19.264 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "20.21674 (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.244 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "15.848 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "13.292 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "18.927 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1353,7 +1359,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,254 (Honduras), 10,662 (El Salvador) (mid-year 2021); 82,976 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021)" + "text": "35,755 (Honduras), 13,531 (El Salvador) (mid-year 2022); 82,976 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "379,000 (government's quashing of Zapatista uprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region; drug cartel violence and government's military response since 2007; violence between and within indigenous groups) (2021)" diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index 3f0a1763..44bb7ea5 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.77 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.77 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "64.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 93ffc936..2fa019d5 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ "text": "1.84 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.9 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.9 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.9% (2017/19)" @@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ "text": "17.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.4% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "male": { "text": "10.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -673,37 +673,37 @@ "text": "

The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $59,500. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades.

In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets.

Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits.

The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a \"two-tier\" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income.

Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created.

The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries.

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through FY 2018, the direct costs of the wars will have totaled more than $1.9 trillion, according to US Government figures.

In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010.

In July 2010, the former president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are \"too big to fail,\" and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight.

The Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans in December 2012 to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Fed ended its purchases during the summer of 2014, after the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt fell below 74% of GDP. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%.

In December 2017, Congress passed and former President Donald TRUMP signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which, among its various provisions, reduces the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; lowers the individual tax rate for those with the highest incomes from 39.6% to 37%, and by lesser percentages for those at lower income levels; changes many deductions and credits used to calculate taxable income; and eliminates in 2019 the penalty imposed on taxpayers who do not obtain the minimum amount of health insurance required under the ACA. The new taxes took effect on 1 January 2018; the tax cut for corporations are permanent, but those for individuals are scheduled to expire after 2025. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) under the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the new law will reduce tax revenues and increase the federal deficit by about $1.45 trillion over the 2018-2027 period. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCT’s estimate.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$21.132 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$19,846,720,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$19.946 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$20,563,590,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$20,128,580,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$20.513 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.95% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.77% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.16% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.33% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.29% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$63,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$60,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$62,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$61,600 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$62,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -711,14 +711,14 @@ "text": "$21,433,228,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.7% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.23% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -771,10 +771,10 @@ "text": "highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.25% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "146.128 million (2020 est.)", + "text": "164.797 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: includes unemployed" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -811,22 +811,25 @@ "note": "note: figures exclude the unemployed" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "3.89% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.46% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8.05% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.67% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "male": { "text": "10.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "8.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -835,9 +838,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "41.1 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": { - "text": "40.8 (1997)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -861,38 +861,44 @@ "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "78.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "126.39% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "81.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "100.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "99.15% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as \"Debt Held by the Public,\" which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, \"gross debt\" would increase by about one-third of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17% (of GDP) (2017 est.)", + "text": "9.86% (of GDP) (2020 est.)", "note": "note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$480.225 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$846.354 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$449.694 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$619.702 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$445.955 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.557 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$2,127,250,000,000 (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.159 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2,528,270,000,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2,539,380,000,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.546 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -902,14 +908,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, aircraft (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$3.402 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$2,808,960,000,000 (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.813 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$3,105,130,000,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3,119,320,000,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.106 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -919,11 +925,14 @@ "text": "cars, crude petroleum, computers, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$123.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$716.152 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$628.37 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$516.701 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -936,7 +945,24 @@ "note": "note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "British pounds per US dollar: 0.7836 (2017 est.), 0.738 (2016 est.), 0.738 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.)
Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est.), 1.3256 (2016 est.), 1.3256 (2015 est.), 1.2788 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.)
Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est.), 6.6445 (2016 est.), 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.)
euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est.), 0.903 (2016 est.), 0.9214(2015 est.), 0.885 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.)
Japanese yen per US dollar: 111.10 (2017 est.), 108.76 (2016 est.), 108.76 (2015 est.), 121.02 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.)

note 1: the following countries and territories use the US dollar officially as their legal tender: British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Timor Leste, Turks and Caicos, and islands of the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)

note 2: the following countries and territories use the US dollar as official legal tender alongside local currency: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama

note 3: the following countries and territories widely accept the US dollar as a dominant currency but have yet to declare it as legal tender: Bermuda, Burma, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Somalia" + "Currency": { + "text": "British pounds per US dollar: 0.7836 (2017 est.), 0.738 (2016 est.), 0.738 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.)
Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est.), 1.3256 (2016 est.), 1.3256 (2015 est.), 1.2788 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.)
Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est.), 6.6445 (2016 est.), 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.)
euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est.), 0.903 (2016 est.), 0.9214(2015 est.), 0.885 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.)
Japanese yen per US dollar: 111.10 (2017 est.), 108.76 (2016 est.), 108.76 (2015 est.), 121.02 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.)

note 1: the following countries and territories use the US dollar officially as their legal tender: British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Timor Leste, Turks and Caicos, and islands of the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)

note 2: the following countries and territories use the US dollar as official legal tender alongside local currency: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama

note 3: the following countries and territories widely accept the US dollar as a dominant currency but have yet to declare it as legal tender: Bermuda, Burma, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Somalia" + }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1 (2017 est.)" + } } }, "Energy": { @@ -1304,7 +1330,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "the US admitted 11,411 refugees during FY2021 including: 4,891 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 1,246 (Syria), 872 (Afghanistan), 803 (Ukraine), 772 (Burma), 513 (Sudan)" + "text": "the US admitted 25,465 refugees during FY2022, including: 7,810 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 4,556 (Syria), 2,156 (Burma), 1,669 (Sudan), 1,618 (Afghanistan), 1,610 (Ukraine)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "47 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 576a12f8..0c8ff694 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ "text": "2.18 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.06 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.05 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.1% (2019/20)" @@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ "text": "19.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "49.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.7% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "48.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.2%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "25%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "37.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -706,38 +706,38 @@ "text": "

Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight.

 

Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as president in late 2007, and in 2008 the rapid economic growth of previous years slowed sharply as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. In 2010 the economy rebounded strongly, but slowed in late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which kept inflation in the double digits.

 

In order to deal with these problems, the government expanded state intervention in the economy: it nationalized the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol, expanded measures to restrict imports, and further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves.

 

With the election of President Mauricio MACRI in November 2015, Argentina began a historic political and economic transformation, as his administration took steps to liberalize the Argentine economy, lifting capital controls, floating the peso, removing export controls on some commodities, cutting some energy subsidies, and reforming the country’s official statistics. Argentina negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors, continued working with the IMF to shore up its finances, and returned to international capital markets in April 2016.

 

In 2017, Argentina’s economy emerged from recession with GDP growth of nearly 3.0%. The government passed important pension, tax, and fiscal reforms. And after years of international isolation, Argentina took on several international leadership roles, including hosting the World Economic Forum on Latin America and the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, and is set to assume the presidency of the G-20 in 2018.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$986.134 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$893.31 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$893.251 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$991.52 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,012,670,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$991.876 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-9.94% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "-2.03% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "-2.53% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.83% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$21,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$19,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$22,100 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$22,800 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -802,11 +802,11 @@ "text": "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)", + "text": "15.26% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: based on private sector estimates" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "18 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "21.206 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: urban areas only" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -821,33 +821,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "10.9% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "11.46% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "9.84% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "9.18% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "23.2%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "25%" }, "female": { - "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "37.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "35.5% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "41.4 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": { - "text": "45.8 (2009)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "42.3 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -878,28 +878,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.87% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$3.997 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$6.708 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$27.049 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$3.121 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.492 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$87.415 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$64.18 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$64.431 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$79.29 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$77.07 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$79.964 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -910,14 +913,14 @@ "text": "soybean products, corn, delivery trucks, wheat, frozen meat, gold (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$72.362 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$52.14 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$52.339 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$66.28 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$86.78 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$66.574 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -927,11 +930,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts, natural gas, soybeans (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$55.33 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$39.653 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$38.43 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$39.404 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$44.881 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -946,20 +952,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "94.991 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "82.034 (2020 est.)" + "text": "70.539 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "59.96559 (2019 est.)" + "text": "48.148 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "37.23499 (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.095 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "9.23 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "8.08 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "16.563 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1221,18 +1227,8 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "36,917.4 km (2014)" - }, - "standard gauge": { - "text": "2,745.1 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (41.1 km electrified)" - }, - "narrow gauge": { - "text": "7,523.3 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge" - }, - "broad gauge": { - "text": "26,391 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge (149 km electrified)" - }, - "note": "258 km 0.750-mm gauge" + "text": "17,866 km (2018)" + } }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index a4e0a403..4d29b8a0 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "text": "2.33 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.14 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.1 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.5% (2016)" @@ -362,12 +362,12 @@ "text": "4.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "57.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.4% (2016)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "57.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "3.4%" @@ -398,13 +398,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "17.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "15.7%" + "text": "16.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "18.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -716,37 +716,37 @@ "text": "

Bolivia is a resource rich country with strong growth attributed to captive markets for natural gas exports – to Brazil and Argentina. However, the country remains one of the least developed countries in Latin America because of state-oriented policies that deter investment.

 

Following an economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms in the 1990s spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates. The period 2003-05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large Northern Hemisphere markets. In 2005-06, the government passed hydrocarbon laws that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company in exchange for a predetermined service fee; the laws engendered much public debate. High commodity prices between 2010 and 2014 sustained rapid growth and large trade surpluses with GDP growing 6.8% in 2013 and 5.4% in 2014. The global decline in oil prices that began in late 2014 exerted downward pressure on the price Bolivia receives for exported gas and resulted in lower GDP growth rates - 4.9% in 2015 and 4.3% in 2016 - and losses in government revenue as well as fiscal and trade deficits.

 

A lack of foreign investment in the key sectors of mining and hydrocarbons, along with conflict among social groups, pose challenges for the Bolivian economy. In 2015, President Evo MORALES expanded efforts to court international investment and boost Bolivia’s energy production capacity. MORALES passed an investment law and promised not to nationalize additional industries in an effort to improve the investment climate. In early 2016, the Government of Bolivia approved the 2016-2020 National Economic and Social Development Plan aimed at maintaining growth of 5% and reducing poverty.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$97.266 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$92.59 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$91.669 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$100.45 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$98.27 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$100.446 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-8.74% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.22% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4.23% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.19% (2017 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$8,100 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$7,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$8,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -754,14 +754,14 @@ "text": "$40.822 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "0.74% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.94% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -814,10 +814,10 @@ "text": "mining, smelting, electricity, petroleum, food and beverages, handicrafts, clothing, jewelry" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.56% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.719 million (2016 est.)" + "text": "6.322 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -831,34 +831,34 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "8.51% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.9% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.82% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "17.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "15.7%" + "text": "16.8%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.6% (2020 est.)" + "text": "18.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "37.2% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "42.2 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1999": { - "text": "57.9 (1999)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "43.6 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -896,22 +896,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$2.375 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$802.112 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.932 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$269.456 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.366 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$11.439 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$7.55 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$7.383 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$10.26 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$10.35 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$10.271 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -922,14 +925,14 @@ "text": "natural gas, gold, zinc, soybean oil and soy products, tin, silver, lead (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$10.799 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$8.27 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.261 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$11.95 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$12.44 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.957 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -939,11 +942,14 @@ "text": "cars, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, iron, buses (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$10.26 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$4.73 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$10.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$5.247 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$6.455 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -958,6 +964,9 @@ "Currency": { "text": "bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6.91 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "6.91 (2020 est.)" }, @@ -967,11 +976,8 @@ "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "6.91 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "6.91 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.91 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "6.91 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 35e7b521..304c80e2 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ "text": "1.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.88 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.85 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "80.5% (2019)" @@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ "text": "9.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "56.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -412,13 +412,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "28.5%" + "text": "31.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "24.4%" + "text": "27%" }, "female": { - "text": "33.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -743,37 +743,37 @@ "text": "

Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the country’s history. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%.

 

The economy has been negatively affected by multiple corruption scandals involving private companies and government officials, including the impeachment and conviction of Former President Dilma ROUSSEFF in August 2016. Sanctions against the firms involved — some of the largest in Brazil — have limited their business opportunities, producing a ripple effect on associated businesses and contractors but creating opportunities for foreign companies to step into what had been a closed market.

 

The succeeding TEMER administration has implemented a series of fiscal and structural reforms to restore credibility to government finances. Congress approved legislation in December 2016 to cap public spending. Government spending growth had pushed public debt to 73.7% of GDP at the end of 2017, up from over 50% in 2012. The government also boosted infrastructure projects, such as oil and natural gas auctions, in part to raise revenues. Other economic reforms, proposed in 2016, aim to reduce barriers to foreign investment, and to improve labor conditions. Policies to strengthen Brazil’s workforce and industrial sector, such as local content requirements, have boosted employment, but at the expense of investment.

 

Brazil is a member of the Common Market of the South (Mercosur), a trade bloc that includes Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay - Venezuela’s membership in the organization was suspended In August 2017. After the Asian and Russian financial crises, Mercosur adopted a protectionist stance to guard against exposure to volatile foreign markets and it currently is negotiating Free Trade Agreements with the European Union and Canada.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$3.128 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$2,989,430,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$2.989 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,115,910,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,072,550,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3.11 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.62% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.88% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.13% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.62% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$14,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$14,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$14,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -781,14 +781,14 @@ "text": "$1,877,942,000,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "8.3% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.21% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.73% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -841,10 +841,10 @@ "text": "textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.48% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "86.621 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "99.47 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -858,22 +858,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "13.69% (2020 est.)" + }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "11.93% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "12.26% (2018 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "28.5%" + "text": "31.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "24.4%" + "text": "27%" }, "female": { - "text": "33.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -881,11 +884,8 @@ "note": "note: approximately 4% of the population are below the \"extreme\" poverty line" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "53.9 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2004": { - "text": "54 (2004)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "48.9 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -908,36 +908,42 @@ "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "84% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "100.59% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "78.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "92.57% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "86.61% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.96% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$50.927 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$27.925 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$41.54 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$24.492 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$65.03 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$317.175 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$239.18 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$239.283 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$260.07 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$274.9 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$260.075 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -948,14 +954,14 @@ "text": "soybeans, crude petroleum, iron, corn, wood pulp products (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$297.924 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$227.44 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$227.854 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$269.02 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$267.52 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$269.017 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -965,11 +971,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, vehicle parts, crude petroleum, integrated circuits, pesticides (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$374 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$362.21 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$367.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$355.614 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$356.886 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -984,20 +993,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "5.394 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "5.12745 (2020 est.)" + "text": "5.155 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "4.14915 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.944 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.862 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.654 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.3315 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.3535 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.191 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index b005778a..87701946 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "1.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.86 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "76.3% (2015/16)" @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ "text": "26.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "46% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "0.5% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "46.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -385,13 +385,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.6%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "22.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -687,37 +687,37 @@ "text": "

Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. Exports of goods and services account for approximately one-third of GDP, with commodities making up some 60% of total exports. Copper is Chile’s top export and provides 20% of government revenue.

 

From 2003 through 2013, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite a slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Growth slowed to an estimated 1.4% in 2017. A continued drop in copper prices prompted Chile to experience its third consecutive year of slow growth.

 

Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, effective 1 January 2004. Chile has 26 trade agreements covering 60 countries including agreements with the EU, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico. In May 2010, Chile signed the OECD Convention, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. In October 2015, Chile signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, which was finalized as the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and signed at a ceremony in Chile in March 2018.

 

The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, under which it accumulates surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allows deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices and growth. As of 31 October 2016, those sovereign wealth funds - kept mostly outside the country and separate from Central Bank reserves - amounted to more than $23.5 billion. Chile used these funds to finance fiscal stimulus packages during the 2009 economic downturn.

 

In 2014, then-President Michelle BACHELET introduced tax reforms aimed at delivering her campaign promise to fight inequality and to provide access to education and health care. The reforms are expected to generate additional tax revenues equal to 3% of Chile’s GDP, mostly by increasing corporate tax rates to OECD averages.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$496.085 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$445.88 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$444.249 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$473.19 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$468.77 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$472.495 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "11.67% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-5.98% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "1.03% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "4% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.41% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.77% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$25,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$23,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$23,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$25,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$25,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$24,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -725,14 +725,14 @@ "text": "$282.655 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.52% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "3.05% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.56% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -785,10 +785,10 @@ "text": "copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.06% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.249 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.684 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -802,33 +802,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "7.22% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "9.13% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "7.33% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "11.18% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "7.29% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.6%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "22.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.6% (2017 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { - "text": "44.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2000": { - "text": "57.1 (2000)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "44.9 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -859,28 +859,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.24% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$10.933 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$20.307 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$10.601 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$4.283 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$14.505 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$100.634 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$79.8 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$79.733 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$78.02 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$84.65 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$77.255 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -891,14 +894,14 @@ "text": "copper, wood pulp, fish fillets, pitted fruits, wine (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$102.086 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$66.43 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$68.118 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$80.17 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$85.11 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$82.324 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -908,11 +911,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$38.98 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$51.252 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$40.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$39.166 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$40.656 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -927,20 +933,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "758.955 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "738.81 (2020 est.)" + "text": "792.727 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "770.705 (2019 est.)" + "text": "702.897 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "674.25 (2018 est.)" + "text": "641.277 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "658.93 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "570.37 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "648.834 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 256ce4b9..18886a0e 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.95 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "81% (2015/16)" @@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ "text": "4.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3.7% (2015/16)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -402,13 +402,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.6%" + "text": "26.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "21.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "31.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "32.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -717,52 +717,52 @@ "text": "

Colombia heavily depends on energy and mining exports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. Colombia is Latin America’s fourth largest oil producer and the world’s fourth largest coal producer, third largest coffee exporter, and second largest cut flowers exporter. Colombia’s economic development is hampered by inadequate infrastructure, poverty, narcotrafficking, and an uncertain security situation, in addition to dependence on primary commodities (goods that have little value-added from processing or labor inputs).

 

Colombia’s economy slowed in 2017 because of falling world market prices for oil and lower domestic oil production due to insurgent attacks on pipeline infrastructure. Although real GDP growth averaged 4.7% during the past decade, it fell to an estimated 1.8% in 2017. Declining oil prices also have contributed to reduced government revenues. In 2016, oil revenue dropped below 4% of the federal budget and likely remained below 4% in 2017. A Western credit rating agency in December 2017 downgraded Colombia’s sovereign credit rating to BBB-, because of weaker-than-expected growth and increasing external debt. Colombia has struggled to address local referendums against foreign investment, which have slowed its expansion, especially in the oil and mining sectors. Colombia’s FDI declined by 3% to $10.2 billion between January and September 2017.

 

Colombia has signed or is negotiating Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with more than a dozen countries; the US-Colombia FTA went into effect in May 2012. Colombia is a founding member of the Pacific Alliance—a regional trade block formed in 2012 by Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to promote regional trade and economic integration. The Colombian government took steps in 2017 to address several bilateral trade irritants with the US, including those on truck scrappage, distilled spirits, pharmaceuticals, ethanol imports, and labor rights. Colombia hopes to accede to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$754.645 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$683.94 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$681.844 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$734.22 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$710.89 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$733.546 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "10.68% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.05% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "3.26% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "2.51% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.36% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.19% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$13,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$14,600 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$323.255 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.5% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2.53% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.52% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -815,10 +815,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.65% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "19.309 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "26.137 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -832,33 +832,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "10.5% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "14.34% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "9.68% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "15.04% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "9.96% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "24.6%" + "text": "26.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "21.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "31.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "32.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "35.7% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "50.4 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { - "text": "53.5 (2014)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "54.2 (2020 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -881,37 +881,43 @@ "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "49.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "90.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "49.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "72.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "71.65% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "14.23% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$13.748 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$17.621 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$13.118 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$9.347 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$14.808 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$50.793 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$39.14 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$38.224 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$52.96 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$55.06 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$51.324 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -922,14 +928,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, coal, refined petroleum, coffee, gold (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$70.84 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$51.56 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$51.312 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$65.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$64.56 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$65.47 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -939,11 +945,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, corn (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$47.13 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$58.019 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$46.18 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$58.499 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$52.653 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -958,20 +967,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3,743.59 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3,457.93 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3,694.854 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3,416.5 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3,280.832 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3,147.43 (2018 est.)" + "text": "2,955.704 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2,001 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2,001.1 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "2,951.327 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index bc10a47a..70fa3ade 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.98 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "77.9% (2018/19)", @@ -359,12 +359,12 @@ "text": "4.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "5.2% (2018/19)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "3.8%" @@ -403,13 +403,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -710,52 +710,52 @@ "text": "

Ecuador is substantially dependent on its petroleum resources, which accounted for about a third of the country's export earnings in 2017. Remittances from overseas Ecuadorian are also important.

 

In 1999/2000, Ecuador's economy suffered from a banking crisis that lead to some reforms, including adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and positive growth returned in most of the years that followed. China has become Ecuador's largest foreign lender since 2008 and now accounts for 77.7% of the Ecuador’s bilateral debt. Various economic policies under the CORREA administration, such as an announcement in 2017 that Ecuador would terminate 13 bilateral investment treaties - including one with the US, generated economic uncertainty and discouraged private investment.

 

Faced with a 2013 trade deficit of $1.1 billion, Ecuador imposed tariff surcharges from 5% to 45% on an estimated 32% of imports. Ecuador’s economy fell into recession in 2015 and remained in recession in 2016. Declining oil prices and exports forced the CORREA administration to cut government oulays. Foreign investment in Ecuador is low as a result of the unstable regulatory environment and weak rule of law.

 

n April of 2017, Lenin MORENO was elected President of Ecuador by popular vote. His immediate challenge was to reengage the private sector to improve cash flow in the country. Ecuador’s economy returned to positive, but sluggish, growth. In early 2018, the MORENO administration held a public referendum on seven economic and political issues in a move counter to CORREA-administration policies, reduce corruption, strengthen democracy, and revive employment and the economy. The referendum resulted in repeal of taxes associated with recovery from the earthquake of 2016, reduced restrictions on metal mining in the Yasuni Intangible Zone - a protected area, and several political reforms.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$189.88 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$182.24 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$182.165 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$197.55 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$197.53 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$197.549 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.24% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-7.79% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "0.06% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "1.29% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.37% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.01% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$10,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$10,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$11,400 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,600 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$107.436 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "0.13% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-0.34% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "-0.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "0.27% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -808,11 +808,11 @@ "text": "petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.6% (2017 est.)", + "text": "0.49% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: excludes oil refining" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.086 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.528 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -826,33 +826,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "5.71% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.43% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "5.26% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.11% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.81% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "6.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.9% (2021 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { - "text": "45.4 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income December 2017": { - "text": "48.5 (December 2017)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { + "text": "47.3 (2020 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for urban households only" }, @@ -885,28 +885,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.54% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$53 million (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$2.952 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$1.328 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$2.69 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$59.36 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$29.325 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$22.23 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$22.401 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$26.12 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$25.38 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -916,14 +919,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, crustaceans, bananas, fish, refined petroleum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$28.567 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$19.89 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$19.877 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$25.89 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$26.29 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -933,11 +936,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, packaged medicines, soybean products (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$2.395 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$7.912 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$4.259 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$7.137 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$2.939 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -949,14 +955,20 @@ } }, "Exchange rates": { + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "25,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "25,000 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "25,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "1 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "1 (2017 est.)" }, "note": "the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001" } diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 905b0a7d..c755cbd6 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -261,12 +261,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "45.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "44.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index 68afe904..f7fc0b6c 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.01 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.9% (2019/20)" @@ -353,12 +353,12 @@ "text": "2.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "62.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "8.2% (2014)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, @@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "23%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "33.4% (2019 est.)" + "text": "39.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -681,37 +681,37 @@ "text": "

The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in recent years and is based largely on agriculture and extractive industries. The economy is heavily dependent upon the export of six commodities - sugar, gold, bauxite, shrimp, timber, and rice - which represent nearly 60% of the country's GDP and are highly susceptible to adverse weather conditions and fluctuations in commodity prices. Guyana closed or consolidated several sugar estates in 2017, reducing production of sugar to a forecasted 147,000 tons in 2018, less than half of 2017 production. Much of Guyana's growth in recent years has come from a surge in gold production. With a record-breaking 700,000 ounces of gold produced in 2016, Gold production in Guyana has offset the economic effects of declining sugar production. In January 2018, estimated 3.2 billion barrels of oil were found offshore and Guyana is scheduled to become a petroleum producer by March 2020.

 

Guyana's entrance into the Caricom Single Market and Economy in January 2006 broadened the country's export market, primarily in the raw materials sector. Guyana has experienced positive growth almost every year over the past decade. Inflation has been kept under control. Recent years have seen the government's stock of debt reduced significantly - with external debt now less than half of what it was in the early 1990s. Despite these improvements, the government is still juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. In March 2007, the Inter-American Development Bank, Guyana's principal donor, canceled Guyana's nearly $470 million debt, equivalent to 21% of GDP, which along with other Highly Indebted Poor Country debt forgiveness, brought the debt-to-GDP ratio down from 183% in 2006 to 52% in 2017. Guyana had become heavily indebted as a result of the inward-looking, state-led development model pursued in the 1970s and 1980s. Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$17.64 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$14.69 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$14.693 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$10.24 billion (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$9.72 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "20.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.4% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "43.48% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.35% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$21,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$18,700 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$18,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$12,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -719,11 +719,14 @@ "text": "$3.561 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.03% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "0.99% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.09% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -764,10 +767,10 @@ "text": "bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "33.52% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "313,800 (2013 est.)" + "text": "299,300 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -781,22 +784,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "11.1% (2013)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "16.42% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "11.3% (2012)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "16.43% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "13.99% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "23%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "33.4% (2019 est.)" + "text": "39.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -804,10 +810,7 @@ }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "44.6 (2007)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1999": { - "text": "43.2 (1999)" + "text": "44.6 (2007 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -844,19 +847,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$237 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$2.087 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$13 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$396.533 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$2.717 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.8 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$4.64 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.58 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.799 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$1.805 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -866,11 +875,14 @@ "text": "ships, gold, shipping containers, excavation machinery, aluminum ores, rice (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$6.611 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$3.12 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$3.756 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$5.025 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -880,11 +892,14 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, excavation machinery, shipping containers, aircraft (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$565.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$790.785 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$581 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$680.634 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$573.446 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -899,20 +914,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Guyanese dollars (GYD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "208.5 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "208.5 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "208.5 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "207.717 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "207 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "206.5 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "206.5 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "206.5 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "206.45 (2013 est.)" + "text": "206.5 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index a34ee6e9..e0fc9aaf 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.93 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "39.1% (2018)" @@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ "text": "0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52.1% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "6.7% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "52.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "8.8%" @@ -376,13 +376,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26.5%" + "text": "30.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.7%" + "text": "22.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "39.9% (2016 est.)" + "text": "46.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -676,37 +676,37 @@ "text": "

Suriname’s economy is dominated by the mining industry, with exports of oil and gold accounting for approximately 85% of exports and 27% of government revenues. This makes the economy highly vulnerable to mineral price volatility. The worldwide drop in international commodity prices and the cessation of alumina mining in Suriname significantly reduced government revenue and national income during the past few years. In November 2015, a major US aluminum company discontinued its mining activities in Suriname after 99 years of operation. Public sector revenues fell, together with exports, international reserves, employment, and private sector investment.

 

Economic growth declined annually from just under 5% in 2012 to -10.4% in 2016. In January 2011, the government devalued the currency by 20% and raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit. Suriname began instituting macro adjustments between September 2015 and 2016; these included another 20% currency devaluation in November 2015 and foreign currency interventions by the Central Bank until March 2016, after which time the Bank allowed the Surinamese dollar (SRD) to float. By December 2016, the SRD had lost 46% of its value against the dollar. Depreciation of the Surinamese dollar and increases in tariffs on electricity caused domestic prices in Suriname to rise 22.0% year-over-year by December 2017.

 

Suriname's economic prospects for the medium-term will depend on its commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and on the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. The government's over-reliance on revenue from the extractive sector colors Suriname's economic outlook. Following two years of recession, the Fitch Credit Bureau reported a positive growth of 1.2% in 2017 and the World Bank predicted 2.2% growth in 2018. Inflation declined to 9%, down from 55% in 2016 , and increased gold production helped lift exports. Yet continued budget imbalances and a heavy debt and interest burden resulted in a debt-to-GDP ratio of 83% in September 2017. Purchasing power has fallen rapidly due to the devalued local currency. The government has announced its intention to pass legislation to introduce a new value-added tax in 2018. Without this and other measures to strengthen the country’s fiscal position, the government may face liquidity pressures.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$9.052 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$9.46 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$9.306 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$11.07 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$10.95 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$11.075 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-2.73% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-5.1% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-15.98% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-2.6% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "1.17% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$14,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$16,100 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$15,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$19,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$19,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$18,400 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -714,11 +714,14 @@ "text": "$3.419 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "59.11% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "34.89% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "22% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "55.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -771,10 +774,10 @@ "text": "gold mining, oil, lumber, food processing, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-10.92% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "144,000 (2014 est.)" + "text": "244,200 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -788,22 +791,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "10.06% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "9.7% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "9.78% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.04% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "26.5%" + "text": "30.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "18.7%" + "text": "22.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "39.9% (2016 est.)" + "text": "46.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -843,19 +849,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$2 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$176.13 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$169 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$259.846 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$448.255 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.29 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.299 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.24 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$2.446 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$2.287 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -865,11 +877,14 @@ "text": "gold, lumber, refined petroleum, fish, cigarettes (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$2.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.876 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$2.07 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$1.845 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$2.413 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -879,11 +894,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, delivery trucks, excavation machinery, cars, construction vehicles (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$424.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$992.257 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$381.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$584.929 million (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$647.935 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -898,20 +916,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Surinamese dollars (SRD) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "18.239 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "9.31 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "7.458 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "7.463 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "7.53 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "6.229 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "6.229 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.4167 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "3.3 (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.488 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index e19af739..ed1839b8 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "1.89 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.92 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.92 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "68.4% (2016)" @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "4.4% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.3% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.3% (2016)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "3.6%" @@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.2%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "21.9% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -696,37 +696,37 @@ "text": "

Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain.

 

On a per capita basis, real income has grown steadily over the past five years as strong world demand for commodities, combined with high prices and favorable weather, supported Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the fifth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. Severe drought and outbreaks of hoof-and-mouth disease in 2012 led to a brief drop in beef and other agricultural exports. Since 2014, however, Paraguay’s economy has grown at a 4% average annual rate due to strong production and high global prices, at a time when other countries in the region have contracted.

 

The Paraguayan Government recognizes the need to diversify its economy and has taken steps in recent years to do so. In addition to looking for new commodity markets in the Middle East and Europe, Paraguayan officials have promoted the country’s low labor costs, cheap energy from its massive Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam, and single-digit tax rate on foreign firms. As a result, the number of factories operating in the country – mostly transplants from Brazil - has tripled since 2014.

 

Corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to long-term growth. Judicial corruption is endemic and is seen as the greatest barrier to attracting more foreign investment. Paraguay has been adverse to public debt throughout its history, but has recently sought to finance infrastructure improvements to attract foreign investment.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$91.759 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$87.98 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$88.143 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$88.87 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$89.23 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$88.872 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.1% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-0.82% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "-0.4% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,700 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,300 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,600 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -734,11 +734,14 @@ "text": "$38.94 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.79% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "4.1% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.77% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -791,10 +794,10 @@ "text": "sugar processing, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, base metals, electric power" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.69% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.428 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.43 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -808,22 +811,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "7.21% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.55% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "6.59% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "12.2%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "21.9% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -832,9 +838,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "46.2 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": { - "text": "53.2 (2009)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -865,28 +868,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.51% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$298 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "$311.068 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$416 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$959.673 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$178.179 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$14.154 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$11.81 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.794 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$13.27 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$14.36 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.272 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -896,14 +902,14 @@ "text": "soybeans and soybean products, electricity, beef, corn, insulated wiring (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$13.454 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$10.62 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$10.46 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$13.15 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$13.88 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.146 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -913,11 +919,14 @@ "text": "broadcasting equipment, cars, pesticides, refined petroleum, tires (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.877 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$9.661 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$6.881 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$9.202 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.717 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -932,20 +941,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "guarani (PYG) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "6,774.163 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "7,045 (2020 est.)" + "text": "6,771.097 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "6,426 (2019 est.)" + "text": "6,240.722 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "5,915.4 (2018 est.)" + "text": "5,732.105 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "5,160.4 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "4,462.2 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "5,618.933 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 6672e5b8..c8ab9793 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ "text": "2.2 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.08 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.06 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "77.4% (2020)" @@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ "text": "3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "51.5% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.4% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.2% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "2.5%" @@ -414,13 +414,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "11.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -731,37 +731,37 @@ "text": "

Peru's economy reflects its varied topography - an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, and the dense forest of the Amazon. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. Peru is the world's second largest producer of silver and copper.

 

The Peruvian economy grew by an average of 5.6% per year from 2009-13 with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. This growth was due partly to high international prices for Peru's metals and minerals exports, which account for 55% of the country's total exports. Growth slipped from 2014 to 2017, due to weaker world prices for these resources. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs makes the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices.

 

Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by over 35 percentage points since 2004, but inequality persists and continued to pose a challenge for the Ollanta HUMALA administration, which championed a policy of social inclusion and a more equitable distribution of income. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. The HUMALA administration passed several economic stimulus packages in 2014 to bolster growth, including reforms to environmental regulations in order to spur investment in Peru’s lucrative mining sector, a move that was opposed by some environmental groups. However, in 2015, mining investment fell as global commodity prices remained low and social conflicts plagued the sector.

 

Peru's free trade policy continued under the HUMALA administration; since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the US, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, Mexico, Japan, the EU, the European Free Trade Association, Chile, Thailand, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Honduras, concluded negotiations with Guatemala and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and begun trade talks with El Salvador, India, and Turkey. Peru also has signed a trade pact with Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, called the Pacific Alliance, that seeks integration of services, capital, investment and movement of people. Since the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force in February 2009, total trade between Peru and the US has doubled. President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI succeeded HUMALA in July 2016 and is focusing on economic reforms and free market policies aimed at boosting investment in Peru. Mining output increased significantly in 2016-17, which helped Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America, and Peru should maintain strong growth in 2018. However, economic performance was depressed by delays in infrastructure mega-projects and the start of a corruption scandal associated with a Brazilian firm. Massive flooding in early 2017 also was a drag on growth, offset somewhat by additional public spending aimed at recovery efforts.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$421.937 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$371.29 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$372.245 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$417.88 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$408.87 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$418.03 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "13.35% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-10.95% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.18% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.97% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.48% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.24% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$12,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$11,300 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$11,200 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,900 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$12,700 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -769,14 +769,14 @@ "text": "$230.707 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.27% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "2% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.25% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average" }, @@ -830,10 +830,10 @@ "text": "mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.44% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.421 million (2020 est.)", + "text": "18.352 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: individuals older than 14 years of age" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -848,23 +848,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "6.58% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.83% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.73% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "7.18% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.38% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "11.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "female": { - "text": "10.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -873,9 +876,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "42.8 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "51 (2005)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -898,37 +898,43 @@ "text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "25.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "34.67% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "26.54% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "25.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$3.531 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$5.273 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$3.821 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$2.398 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.68 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$66.098 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$45.624 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$54.88 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$55.84 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$53.823 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$54.676 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -938,14 +944,14 @@ "text": "copper, gold, refined petroleum, zinc, fishmeal, tropical fruits, lead, iron, molybdenum (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$58.611 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$42.093 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$51.38 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$51.41 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$46.15 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$51.778 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -955,11 +961,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$63.83 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$74.779 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$61.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$67.711 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$60.333 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -974,20 +983,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.881 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.599 (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.495 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "3.3799 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.337 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "3.366 (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.287 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "3.185 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.8383 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "3.26 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 3e17f867..7289da46 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ "text": "1.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.86 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "79.6% (2015)", @@ -356,12 +356,12 @@ "text": "18.5% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "55.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.8% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "55.4% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, @@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "33.1%" + "text": "32.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "29%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "38.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "38.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -696,37 +696,37 @@ "text": "

Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net. 

Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017." }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$78.121 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$75.06 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$74.852 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$79.73 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$79.45 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$79.733 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.37% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.12% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "0.35% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$22,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$21,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$21,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$23,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$23,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$23,300 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -734,14 +734,14 @@ "text": "$56.108 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.75% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "9.76% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "7.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.88% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -794,10 +794,10 @@ "text": "food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.87% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.748 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.702 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -811,22 +811,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "10.45% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "7.9% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "10.35% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "8.88% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "33.1%" + "text": "32.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "29%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "female": { - "text": "38.5% (2020 est.)" + "text": "38.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -835,9 +838,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "39.7 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "41.9 (2013)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -860,37 +860,43 @@ "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "65.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "60.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "61.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "50.94% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "47.95% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions." }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "18.55% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$879 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$1.073 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$410 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$448.402 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "$980.513 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$18.82 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$13.55 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.596 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$16.99 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$17.04 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$17.087 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -900,14 +906,14 @@ "text": "sulfate wood pulp, beef, soybeans, concentrated milk, rice (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$15.051 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$11.29 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.212 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$13.31 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$13.82 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.336 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -917,11 +923,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, packaged medicines, cars, broadcasting equipment, delivery trucks (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$15.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$16.963 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$13.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$16.25 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$14.504 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -936,20 +945,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "43.555 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "42.645 (2020 est.)" + "text": "42.013 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "37.735 (2019 est.)" + "text": "35.255 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "32.2 (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.725 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "27.52 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "23.25 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "28.676 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 9d053347..4bf3f0ef 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "2.22 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.08 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.07 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "75% (2010)" @@ -355,12 +355,12 @@ "text": "0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "52% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "51.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, @@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.6%" + "text": "14.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "16.8% NA" + "text": "13.4% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "11.7% (2020 est.) NA" + "text": "19.3% (2021 est.) NA" } } }, @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ "text": "-2% (2017 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "14.21 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.245 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -785,22 +785,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "6.9% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.41% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "27.1% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.63% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.6%" + "text": "14.9%" }, "male": { - "text": "16.8% NA" + "text": "13.4% NA" }, "female": { - "text": "11.7% (2020 est.) NA" + "text": "19.3% (2021 est.) NA" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -809,9 +812,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { "text": "39 (2011)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1998": { - "text": "49.5 (1998)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -849,9 +849,6 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$4.277 billion (2017 est.)" - }, "Current account balance 2016": { "text": "-$3.87 billion (2016 est.)" } @@ -886,7 +883,7 @@ }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$9.661 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "text": "$9.794 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { "text": "$11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" @@ -905,19 +902,19 @@ "text": "bolivars (VEB) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "3,345 (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.975 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "673.76 (2016 est.)" + "text": "9.257 (2016 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "48.07 (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.284 (2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "13.72 (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.284 (2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.284 (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.048 (2013 est.)" } } }, @@ -1258,7 +1255,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "67,935 (Colombia) (2020)" + "text": "39,185 (Colombia) (mid-year 2022)" }, "note": "note: As of September 2022, host governments report more than 7.1 million Venezuelan refugees and migrants worldwide" }, diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 866b2573..84cdef75 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "text": "4.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "2.26 (2022 est.)" + "text": "2.21 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "18.9% (2018)", @@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ "text": "7.2% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "70.2% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "19.1% (2018)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "70.3% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "4.2%" @@ -402,13 +402,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "20.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.4%" + "text": "18.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "26.4% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ } }, "Government type": { - "text": "

the United States does not recognize the Taliban government

" + "text": "the United States does not recognize the Taliban government" }, "Capital": { "name": { @@ -706,49 +706,52 @@ "text": "

Prior to 2001, Afghanistan was an extremely poor, landlocked, and foreign aid-dependent country. Increased domestic economic activity occurred following the US-led invasion, as well as significant international economic development assistance. This increased activity expanded access to water, electricity, sanitation, education, and health services, and fostered consistent growth in government revenues since 2014. While international security forces have been drawing down since 2012, with much higher U.S. forces’ drawdowns occurring since 2017, economic progress continues, albeit uneven across sectors and key economic indicators. After recovering from the 2018 drought and growing 3.9% in 2019, political instability, expiring international financial commitments, and the COVID-19 pandemic have wrought significant adversity on the Afghan economy, with a projected 5% contraction.

Current political parties’ power-sharing agreement following the September 2019 presidential elections as well as ongoing Taliban attacks and peace talks have led to Afghan economic instability. This instability, coupled with expiring international grant and assistance, endangers recent fiscal gains and has led to more internally displaced persons. In November 2020, Afghanistan secured $12 billion in additional international aid for 2021-2025, much of which is conditional upon Taliban peace progress. Additionally, Afghanistan continues to experience influxes of repatriating Afghanis, mostly from Iran, significantly straining economic and security institutions.

Afghanistan’s trade deficit remains at approximately 31% of GDP and is highly dependent on financing through grants and aid. While Afghan agricultural growth remains consistent, recent industrial and services growth have been enormously impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns and trade cessations. While trade with the People’s Republic of China has rapidly expanded in recent years, Afghanistan still relies heavily upon India and Pakistan as export partners but is more diverse in its import partners. Furthermore, Afghanistan still struggles to effectively enforce business contracts, facilitate easy tax collection, and enable greater international trade for domestic enterprises.

Current Afghan priorities focus on the following goals:

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$60.803 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$77.04 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$76.711 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$78.56 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$75.6 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$78.558 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "-20.74% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.35% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "3.91% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$1,500 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$2,100 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,000 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$20.24 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.3% (2019 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "0.63% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4.98% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -790,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.9% (2016 est.)" + "text": "-14.19% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.478 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.39 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -807,22 +810,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "13.28% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "22.6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "11.71% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "11.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "20.2%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.4%" + "text": "18.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "9.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "26.4% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -861,28 +867,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "11.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "9.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "21 March - 20 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "$1.014 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$3.137 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$1.409 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$3.792 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2018": { + "text": "-$3.897 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.48 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.476 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.52 billion (2019 est.)" + "text": "$1.516 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$1.61 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.609 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -894,13 +903,13 @@ }, "Imports": { "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$6.98 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$6.983 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$7.37 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.371 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$7.98 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.988 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -910,11 +919,14 @@ "text": "wheat flours, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, rolled tobacco, aircraft parts, synthetic fabrics (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$9.749 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$6.901 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$8.498 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { + "text": "$8.207 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -926,20 +938,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "afghanis (AFA) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "76.814 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "77.738 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "72.083 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "7.87 (2017 est.)" + "text": "68.027 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "68.03 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "67.87 (2015)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "61.14 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "57.25 (2013 est.)" + "text": "67.866 (2016 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 81ece399..ea5a1811 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.02 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.02 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.7% (2019)" @@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ "text": "17.1% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "80% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "22.6% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "80.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "15.5%" @@ -410,13 +410,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.8%" + "text": "14.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.8%" + "text": "12.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -728,37 +728,37 @@ "text": "

Bangladesh's economy has grown roughly 6% per year since 2005 despite prolonged periods of political instability, poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the services sector, almost half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product.

 

Garments, the backbone of Bangladesh's industrial sector, accounted for more than 80% of total exports in FY 2016-17. The industrial sector continues to grow, despite the need for improvements in factory safety conditions. Steady export growth in the garment sector, combined with $13 billion in remittances from overseas Bangladeshis, contributed to Bangladesh's rising foreign exchange reserves in FY 2016-17. Recent improvements to energy infrastructure, including the start of liquefied natural gas imports in 2018, represent a major step forward in resolving a key growth bottleneck.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.001 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$793.49 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$936.113 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$775.08 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$716.65 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$904.912 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.94% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "3.45% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.8% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.88% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,800 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,800 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,400 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -766,14 +766,14 @@ "text": "$329.545 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.55% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.69% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "5.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "5.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.59% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ "text": "jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity, natural gas" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.29% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "66.64 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "70.961 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: extensive migration of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -844,23 +844,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.23% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.41% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.44% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many persons counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "12.8%" + "text": "14.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "10.8%" + "text": "12.5%" }, "female": { - "text": "16.8% (2017 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -869,9 +872,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "32.4 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "33.2 (2005)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -902,28 +902,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "7% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$5.322 billion (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$15.563 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$1.391 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$1.193 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$2.949 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$49.386 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$38.78 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$38.476 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$44.96 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$44.13 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$44.961 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -934,14 +937,14 @@ "text": "clothing, knitwear, leather footwear (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$85.303 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$57.26 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$56.776 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$64.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$65.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$64.234 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -951,11 +954,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, cotton, natural gas, scrap iron, wheat (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$33.42 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$46.166 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$32.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$43.172 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$32.697 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -970,20 +976,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "taka (BDT) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "85.084 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "84.75 (2020 est.)" + "text": "84.871 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "85 (2019 est.)" + "text": "84.454 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "83.715 (2018 est.)" + "text": "83.466 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "77.947 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "77.614 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "80.438 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index e4d3ab08..6dede3e7 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ "text": "1.79 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.87 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -307,12 +307,12 @@ "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.8% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "62.8% (2023 est.)" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, @@ -343,13 +343,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.2%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "22% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -607,49 +607,52 @@ "text": "

Bhutan's small economy is based largely on hydropower, agriculture, and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than half the population. Because rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive, industrial production is primarily of the cottage industry type. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India for financial assistance and migrant laborers for development projects, especially for road construction. Bhutan signed a pact in December 2014 to expand duty-free trade with Bangladesh.

 

Multilateral development organizations administer most educational, social, and environment programs, and take into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government is cautious in its expansion of the tourist sector, restricing visits to environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.

 

Bhutan’s largest export - hydropower to India - could spur sustainable growth in the coming years if Bhutan resolves chronic delays in construction. Bhutan’s hydropower exports comprise 40% of total exports and 25% of the government’s total revenue. Bhutan currently taps only 6.5% of its 24,000-megawatt hydropower potential and is behind schedule in building 12 new hydropower dams with a combined capacity of 10,000 megawatts by 2020 in accordance with a deal signed in 2008 with India. The high volume of imported materials to build hydropower plants has expanded Bhutan's trade and current account deficits. Bhutan also signed a memorandum of understanding with Bangladesh and India in July 2017 to jointly construct a new hydropower plant for exporting electricity to Bangladesh.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$8.481 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$8.42 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$8.148 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$9.03 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$8.56 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$9.054 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.09% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.3% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-10.01% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "5.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$10,900 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$10,900 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$10,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$11,800 (2019 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,300 (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.405 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.35% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "7.6% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.63% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.73% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -690,10 +693,10 @@ "text": "cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.96% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "397,900 (2017 est.)", + "text": "361,000 (2021 est.)", "note": "note: major shortage of skilled labor" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -708,22 +711,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.33% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "3.65% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "male": { - "text": "8.2%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "12.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "22% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -732,9 +738,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": { "text": "37.4 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "38.1 (2007)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -758,36 +761,42 @@ "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "106.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "117.33% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "114.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "97.49% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "101.19% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.98% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$547 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$321.535 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$621 million (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$381.153 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$500.802 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$741.602 million (2021 est.)" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$790 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "$786.681 million (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$780 million (2019 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$790 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "$777.529 million (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, @@ -798,14 +807,14 @@ "text": "iron alloys, dolomite, refined iron, cement, silicon carbides (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$1.027 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.19 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.188 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$1.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$1.25 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -815,11 +824,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, iron products, delivery trucks, cars, wood charcoal (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$1.206 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$1.056 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$1.127 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$1.473 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$1.238 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -834,20 +846,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "73.939 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "74.1 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "70.42 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "68.389 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "64.97 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "67.2 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "67.2 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "64.15 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "61.03 (2013 est.)" + "text": "65.122 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1107,10 +1119,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — Bhutan does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; among its accomplishments, Bhutan convicted one trafficker, appealed the dismissal of trafficking charges in a second case, finalized and disseminated standard operating procedures for victim identification and referral, and initiated an investigation into reports of labor exploitation; the government also continued to work with an international organization on anti-trafficking training and public awareness events; however, Bhutanese courts continued to dismiss and refile on lesser charges human trafficking cases due to inconsistencies between Bhutanese law and the international definition of trafficking; additionally, authorities did not identify any trafficking victims during the reporting period and did not provide protective services to Bhutanese victims of forced labor abroad

" + "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — Bhutan does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making efforts to do so; the government increased convictions of traffickers and the number of victims identified and referred to services; officials drafted and launched an anti-trafficking National Action Plan; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing anti-trafficking efforts compared with the previous year; the government reported only one investigation and did not initiate any new prosecutions, and the overall identification efforts remained insufficient; because the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards, Bhutan was granted a waiver per the TVPA from a downgrade to Tier 3; therefore Bhutan remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year (2022)

" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Bhutan and Bhutanese abroad; some traffickers posing as recruiters use the lure of well-paying jobs overseas to exploit Bhutanese citizens for forced labor; some Bhutanese working in hospitality, retail, and service industries in the Gulf states and India, Thailand, and the UK reported trafficking indicators, including illegal recruitment fees, wage deductions, restricted movement, passport retention, and non-payment of wages; Bhutanese women and girls working as domestics, caregivers, and entertainers are subject to sex and labor trafficking domestically; Bhutanese and Indian women may be forced to work in hotels, massage parlors, and nightclubs, while male Indian workers face unauthorized deductions and non-payment of wages in the construction and hydropower sectors" + "text": "

Trafficking profile:  human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Bhutan and exploit victims from Bhutan abroad; unregistered foreign employment recruitment agencies increasingly operate through social media to target unemployed or economically disadvantaged individuals; Bhutanese citizens working in hospitality, retail, and services sectors in the Gulf, including in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE, and in India, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, reported indicators of trafficking; in recent years traffickers sent Bhutanese women to Iraq and Oman for forced labor in domestic work; traffickers have exploited Bhutanese women and girls in sex and labor trafficking, including in forced domestic labor and caregiving; reports indicate an increase in commercial sex by Bhutanese and Indian women in the Bhutan-India border’s growing hospitality and entertainment districts—including hotels, massage parlors, and nightclubs—some of which might be forced; traffickers reportedly have exploited Indian child domestic workers and male Indian migrants working in the construction and hydropower sectors; rural Bhutanese transported to urban areas may be involved in forced domestic work, and child labor in restaurants and automotive workshops may involve forced labor (2022)

" } } } diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index ea6d7e3d..bebe3dfe 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "text": "1.98 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.97 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.96 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "64.6% (2016)" @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ "text": "2.6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "20.5% (2016)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.1% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0.9%" @@ -395,13 +395,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "21.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.1% (2019 est.)" + "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -707,37 +707,37 @@ "text": "

Sri Lanka’s economy has historically relied upon government-guided market investments, and since 2009, several sectors have been excluded from any privatization efforts. Major infrastructure development of rural and civil war-impacted areas remains a major focus, as does small business development. Sri Lanka’s longstanding high debt and large civil service have contributed to historically high budget deficits and remain a concern. Sri Lankan tourism soared since the end of conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, but the 2018 constitutional crisis, the 2019 Easter bombings, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have since destabilized this key industry, leading Sri Lanka to nearly expend all foreign currency reserves. Regionally, Sri Lanka has engaged China on major infrastructure projects and currently owes $6.5 billion, which may soon be restructured.

Fiscally, Sri Lanka’s focus on domestic goods—instead of export growth—further increased Sri Lanka’s trade imbalance, despite its EU preferential trade status allowing tax-free garment and gem exports to the EU. From 2019 until its repeal in 2021, Sri Lanka’s agricultural import ban on chemical fertilizers resulted in disastrous reductions in rice, tea, and rubber yields, increasing Sri Lanka’s import dependencies for these goods. The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War has also decreased fuel supplies and significantly increased prices. India is providing both direct fertilizer and fuel aid to offset these shortages. Power shortages plague business climates, and further stoke existing labor shortages. Additionally Sri Lanka is also considering privatizing several state-owned entities to try to spur industrial and service sectors’ growth.

Monetarily, Sri Lanka remains in a dire position, further exacerbated by the 2019 tax cuts that contributed to the country’s ongoing economic calamity. Already one of the highest indebted emerging markets, Sri Lanka defaulted on its current public debt payments in May 2022, and its ongoing currency crisis has crippled domestic revenues, tax collections, and economic activity, ushering in the country’s worst economic crisis since independence in 1948. As a result, inflation is skyrocketing (nearing 40%), and food, fuel, and medicine shortages have led to widespread unrest and economic collapse. Sri Lanka currently seeks an immediate $3 million IMF bridge loan and $75 million in foreign currency to pay for essential goods and fuel.The World Bank, India, and the G7 countries have agreed to aid Sri Lanka in securing debt relief, but the IMF maintains that Sri Lanka must raise interest rates and taxes to secure any loan.

Current Sri Lankan priorities focus on the following goals:

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$296.595 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$274.8 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$287.046 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$284.97 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$278.68 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$297.372 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "3.33% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.47% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "2.29% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "3.32% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.58% (2017 est.)" + "text": "-0.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$13,400 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$12,500 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,100 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,900 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$13,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -745,14 +745,14 @@ "text": "$84.016 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "7.01% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "6.15% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "4.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.53% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -805,10 +805,10 @@ "text": "processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; tourism, shipping; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining, information technology services, construction" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + "text": "5.62% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8 million (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.268 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -822,22 +822,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2019": { - "text": "4.83% (2019 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.39% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2018": { - "text": "4.44% (2018 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "5.88% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "4.35% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "male": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "21.1%" }, "female": { - "text": "28.1% (2019 est.)" + "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -846,9 +849,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "39.8 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1995": { - "text": "46 (1995)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -880,28 +880,31 @@ "note": "note: covers central government debt and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.68% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.083 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$10 million (2019 est.)" + "text": "-$1.843 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$17 million (2018 est.)" + "text": "-$2.799 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$13.083 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$19.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$19.414 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$20.26 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$15.166 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$20.264 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -911,14 +914,14 @@ "text": "clothing and apparel, tea, used tires, rubber products, precious stones, cinnamon (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$18.271 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$24.56 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$24.562 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$26.84 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$26.063 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "$26.841 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -928,11 +931,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, textiles, gold, cars, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$7.959 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$3.137 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$6.019 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$5.664 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$7.648 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -947,20 +953,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "198.764 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "185.8 (2020 est.)" + "text": "185.593 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "181.2 (2019 est.)" + "text": "178.745 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "178.545 (2018 est.)" + "text": "162.465 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "135.86 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "130.57 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "152.446 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 935f2ee1..6e0322e3 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ "text": "2.1 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.98 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.7% (2019/20)" @@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ "text": "13% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "72.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "33.4% (2016/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "72.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "6.8%" @@ -423,13 +423,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "21% (2020 est.)" + "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -751,37 +751,37 @@ "text": "

India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly less than half of the workforce is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output but employing less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. Nevertheless, per capita income remains below the world average. India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged nearly 7% per year from 1997 to 2017.

 

India's economic growth slowed in 2011 because of a decline in investment caused by high interest rates, rising inflation, and investor pessimism about the government's commitment to further economic reforms and about slow world growth. Investors’ perceptions of India improved in early 2014, due to a reduction of the current account deficit and expectations of post-election economic reform, resulting in a surge of inbound capital flows and stabilization of the rupee. Growth rebounded in 2014 through 2016. Despite a high growth rate compared to the rest of the world, India’s government-owned banks faced mounting bad debt, resulting in low credit growth. Rising macroeconomic imbalances in India and improving economic conditions in Western countries led investors to shift capital away from India, prompting a sharp depreciation of the rupee through 2016.

 

The economy slowed again in 2017, due to shocks of \"demonetizaton\" in 2016 and introduction of GST in 2017. Since the election, the government has passed an important goods and services tax bill and raised foreign direct investment caps in some sectors, but most economic reforms have focused on administrative and governance changes, largely because the ruling party remains a minority in India’s upper house of Parliament, which must approve most bills.

 

India has a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and is increasing integration into the global economy. However, long-term challenges remain significant, including: India's discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, high spending and poorly targeted subsidies, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$9.279 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$8.443 trillion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$8.538 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$9.174 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$8.817 trillion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$9.14 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "8.68% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-6.6% (2020 est.)" + }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { - "text": "4.86% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "6.78% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.55% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.74% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$6,600 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$6,100 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,500 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$6,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -789,14 +789,14 @@ "text": "$2.836 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "5.13% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "6.62% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.73% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -849,10 +849,10 @@ "text": "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.27% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "521.9 million (2017 est.)" + "text": "476.67 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -866,33 +866,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "8.5% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.98% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "8.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "8% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.27% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "21% (2020 est.)" + "text": "26.7% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.9% (2011 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "35.7 (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": { - "text": "37.8 (1997)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "35.7 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -915,37 +915,43 @@ "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { + "Public debt 2018": { + "text": "46.52% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "71.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "text": "47.58% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "69.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "text": "47.63% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "9.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "12.02% (of GDP) (2018 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$29.748 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$33.422 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$65.939 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "$32.73 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$29.763 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$643.08 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$484.95 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$484.691 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$546.03 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$537.04 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$546.033 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -955,14 +961,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, diamonds, packaged medicines, jewelry, cars (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$717.119 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$493.18 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$493.033 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$619.48 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$642.96 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$619.485 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -972,11 +978,14 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, gold, coal, diamonds, natural gas (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$409.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$638.485 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$359.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$590.227 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$463.47 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -991,20 +1000,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "73.918 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "73.565 (2020 est.)" + "text": "74.1 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "71.05 (2019 est.)" + "text": "70.42 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "70.7675 (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.389 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "64.152 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "61.03 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "65.122 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1355,7 +1364,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "92,885 (Sri Lanka), 73,407 (Tibet/China), 20,325 (Burma), 8,537 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "92,131 (Sri Lanka), 72,315 (Tibet/China), 57,748 (Burma), 10,064 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "506,000 (armed conflict and intercommunal violence) (2021)" diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index f946c981..4d27a032 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.83 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.83 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "18.8% (2016/17)" @@ -334,12 +334,12 @@ "text": "6% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "71.7% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "14.8% (2016/17)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "71.9% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "0%" @@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "17.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "17.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -638,37 +638,37 @@ "text": "

Maldives has quickly become a middle-income country, driven by the rapid growth of its tourism and fisheries sectors, but the country still contends with a large and growing fiscal deficit. Infrastructure projects, largely funded by China, could add significantly to debt levels. Political turmoil and the declaration of a state of emergency in February 2018 led to the issuance of travel warnings by several countries whose citizens visit Maldives in significant numbers, but the overall impact on tourism revenue was unclear.

 

In 2015, Maldives’ Parliament passed a constitutional amendment legalizing foreign ownership of land; foreign land-buyers must reclaim at least 70% of the desired land from the ocean and invest at least $1 billion in a construction project approved by Parliament.

 

Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are near-term challenges facing the government. Over the longer term, Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$9.785 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$7.05 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$6.903 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$10.37 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$9.69 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$10.38 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "41.75% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-33.49% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "7.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$18,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$13,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$13,400 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$19,500 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$20,600 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -676,11 +676,14 @@ "text": "$4.505 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "0.54% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "-1.37% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.22% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -730,10 +733,10 @@ "text": "tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "14% (2012 est.)" + "text": "4.51% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "222,200 (2017 est.)" + "text": "229,300 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -747,33 +750,33 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.08% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.33% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.34% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "17.7%" }, "male": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "female": { - "text": "17.2% (2019 est.)" + "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { - "text": "31.3 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2004": { - "text": "37.4 (2004 est.)" + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { + "text": "29.3 (2019 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -810,19 +813,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$876 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$457.562 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "-$1.033 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$1.327 billion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.49 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$3.72 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$3.95 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$3.58 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$1.787 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$3.742 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -832,11 +841,14 @@ "text": "fish products, natural gas, scrap iron, jewelry, liquid pumps (2019)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$4.09 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$3.501 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$4.1 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$2.449 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$4.09 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -846,11 +858,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, fruits, furniture, broadcasting equipment, lumber (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$477.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$805,808,200 (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2015": { - "text": "$575.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$984,930,700 (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$753,496,300 (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -865,11 +880,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "15.42 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "15.373 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "15.35 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "15.381 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "15.382 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "15.391 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "15.387 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 324f8fb8..e759f3d4 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.92 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.91 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "46.7% (2019)" @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ "text": "12.8% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "74.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "24.4% (2019)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "74.6% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "7.9%" @@ -398,13 +398,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.5%" + "text": "9.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "10.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -699,37 +699,37 @@ "text": "

Nepal is among the least developed countries in the world, with about one-quarter of its population living below the poverty line. Nepal is heavily dependent on remittances, which amount to as much as 30% of GDP. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for almost two-thirds of the population but accounting for less than a third of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain.

 

Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower, with an estimated 42,000 MW of commercially feasible capacity. Nepal has signed trade and investment agreements with India, China, and other countries, but political uncertainty and a difficult business climate have hampered foreign investment. The United States and Nepal signed a $500 million Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact in September 2017 which will expand Nepal’s electricity infrastructure and help maintain transportation infrastructure.

 

Massive earthquakes struck Nepal in early 2015, which damaged or destroyed infrastructure and homes and set back economic development. Although political gridlock and lack of capacity have hindered post-earthquake recovery, government-led reconstruction efforts have progressively picked up speed, although many hard hit areas still have seen little assistance. Additional challenges to Nepal's growth include its landlocked geographic location, inconsistent electricity supply, and underdeveloped transportation infrastructure.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$115.093 billion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$110.72 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "$110.404 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$113.08 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$106.03 billion (2018 est.)" + "text": "$113.083 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "4.25% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-2.37% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "6.66% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$3,800 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$3,800 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,800 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$3,900 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -737,11 +737,14 @@ "text": "$24.88 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "4.09% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "9.9% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "5.05% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "5.57% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -782,10 +785,10 @@ "text": "tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "12.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.51% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "16.81 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "16.884 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: severe lack of skilled labor" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -800,22 +803,25 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "5.05% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.72% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.1% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "20.5%" + "text": "9.5%" }, "male": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "10.6%" }, "female": { - "text": "22.5% (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -824,9 +830,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { "text": "32.8 (2010 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "47.2 (2008 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -849,36 +852,39 @@ "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "26.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Public debt 2020": { + "text": "39.05% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "27.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Public debt 2019": { + "text": "31.78% of GDP (2019 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + "text": "15.77% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "16 July - 15 July" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2017": { - "text": "-$93 million (2017 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$5.363 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2016": { - "text": "$1.339 billion (2016 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$84.137 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$1.754 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$2.52 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.79 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.771 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$2.73 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$2.68 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.726 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -888,14 +894,14 @@ "text": "palm oil, clothing and apparel, carpets, soybean oil, flavored water (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$16.993 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$10.68 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$10.694 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$13.83 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$14.65 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$13.836 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -905,11 +911,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, iron, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, rice (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$9.091 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$9.661 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$8.506 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$11.468 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$8.713 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -924,20 +933,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "118.134 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "118.345 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "112.609 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2018": { + "text": "108.93 (2018 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "104 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "107.38 (2016 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "107.38 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "102.41 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "99.53 (2013 est.)" + "text": "104.512 (2017 est.)" } } }, @@ -1253,7 +1262,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "12,540 (Tibet/China), 6,365 (Bhutan) (mid-year 2021)" + "text": "12,540 (Tibet/China), 6,365 (Bhutan) (mid-year 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "undetermined (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index c4af7aeb..9d4ffdad 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "text": "3.46 children born/woman (2022 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "1.69 (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.66 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "34% (2018/19)" @@ -369,12 +369,12 @@ "text": "7.3% (2020 est.)" } }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "63.4% (2022 est.)" - }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "23.1% (2017/18)" }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "63.5% (2023 est.)" + }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "3.6%" @@ -416,13 +416,13 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.1%" + "text": "9.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -741,38 +741,38 @@ "text": "

Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population, with English-language skills less prevalent outside urban centers. Despite some progress in recent years in both security and energy, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have traditionally deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for more than half of Pakistan's export earnings; Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan’s GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012, and was 5.3% in 2017. Official unemployment was 6% in 2017, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region.

 

In 2013, Pakistan embarked on a $6.3 billion IMF Extended Fund Facility, which focused on reducing energy shortages, stabilizing public finances, increasing revenue collection, and improving its balance of payments position. The program concluded in September 2016. Although Pakistan missed several structural reform criteria, it restored macroeconomic stability, improved its credit rating, and boosted growth. The Pakistani rupee has remained relatively stable against the US dollar since 2015, though it declined about 10% between November 2017 and March 2018. Balance of payments concerns have reemerged, however, as a result of a significant increase in imports and weak export and remittance growth.

 

Pakistan must continue to address several longstanding issues, including expanding investment in education, healthcare, and sanitation; adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters; improving the country’s business environment; and widening the country’s tax base. Given demographic challenges, Pakistan’s leadership will be pressed to implement economic reforms, promote further development of the energy sector, and attract foreign investment to support sufficient economic growth necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, much of which is under the age of 25.

 

In an effort to boost development, Pakistan and China are implementing the \"China-Pakistan Economic Corridor\" (CPEC) with $60 billion in investments targeted towards energy and other infrastructure projects. Pakistan believes CPEC investments will enable growth rates of over 6% of GDP by laying the groundwork for increased exports. CPEC-related obligations, however, have raised IMF concern about Pakistan’s capital outflows and external financing needs over the medium term.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$1.211 trillion (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { - "text": "$1,021,130,000,000 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$1.137 trillion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,015,800,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,005,850,000,000 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$1.152 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars
data are for fiscal years" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "6.49% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.6% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-1.27% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are for fiscal years" }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$5,200 (2021 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$4,600 (2020 est.)" + "text": "$5,000 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,700 (2018 est.)" + "text": "$5,200 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -780,14 +780,14 @@ "text": "$253.183 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "9.5% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "9.74% (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "9.3% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "5.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.58% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -840,10 +840,10 @@ "text": "textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, surgical instruments, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + "text": "7.81% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "61.71 million (2017 est.)", + "text": "73.133 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -858,23 +858,26 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "4.35% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "6% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "4.3% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "3.54% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Pakistan has substantial underemployment" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "11.1%" + "text": "9.4%" }, "male": { - "text": "10%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { - "text": "14.4% (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { @@ -883,9 +886,6 @@ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015": { "text": "33.5 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income FY2011": { - "text": "30.9 (FY2011)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -923,22 +923,25 @@ "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2019": { - "text": "-$7.143 billion (2019 est.)" + "Current account balance 2021": { + "text": "-$12.262 billion (2021 est.)" }, - "Current account balance 2018": { - "text": "-$19.482 billion (2018 est.)" + "Current account balance 2020": { + "text": "-$650.874 million (2020 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2019": { + "text": "-$8.558 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$35.566 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$27.3 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$27.333 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$30.67 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Exports 2018": { - "text": "$30.77 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -948,14 +951,14 @@ "text": "textiles, clothing and apparel, rice, leather goods, surgical instruments (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$76.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$51.07 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$52.098 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$57.98 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - }, - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$68.42 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$57.976 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -965,11 +968,14 @@ "text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, natural gas, palm oil, scrap iron (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": { - "text": "$18.46 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { + "text": "$22.812 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": { - "text": "$22.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { + "text": "$18.522 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { + "text": "$16.586 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { @@ -984,20 +990,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "162.906 (2021 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "160.425 (2020 est.)" + "text": "161.838 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "155.04 (2019 est.)" + "text": "150.036 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "138.8 (2018 est.)" + "text": "121.824 (2018 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "102.769 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "101.1 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2017": { + "text": "105.455 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index a0517ba1..e0a871d3 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating World Wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology, from the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (US) to the landing on the moon; (e) the Cold War between the Western alliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in living standards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increased concerns about environmental degradation including deforestation, energy and water shortages, declining biological diversity, and air pollution; (h) the onset of the AIDS epidemic; and (i) the ultimate emergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet's population continues to explode: from 1 billion in 1820 to 2 billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1987, 6 billion in 1999, 7 billion in 2012, and 8 billion in 2022. For the 21st century, the continued exponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes (e.g., advances in medicine and agriculture) and fears (e.g., development of even more lethal weapons of war)." - }, - "World Cup 2022": { - "text": "Special World Cup One-Page Country Summaries of the eight quarterfinalists of this quadrennial football (soccer) tournament." } }, "Geography": { @@ -294,7 +291,7 @@ "text": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring globally; older adults and people of any age with serious chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for severe disease; some health care systems are becoming overwhelmed and there may be limited access to adequate medical care in affected areas; many countries are implementing travel restrictions and mandatory quarantines, closing borders, and prohibiting non-citizens from entry with little advance notice; US residents may have difficulty returning to the United States; as of 9 December 2022, 643,875,406 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 6,630,082 deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization; as of 8 December 2022, 68.6% of the World population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "66.4% (2022 est.)" + "text": "66.2% (2023 est.)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -321,6 +318,17 @@ "female": { "text": "13 years (2020)" } + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "17.9%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "17.3%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "19.7% (2021 est.)" + } } }, "Environment": { @@ -425,37 +433,37 @@ "text": "

The international financial crisis of 2008-09 led to the first downturn in global output since 1946 and presented the world with a major new challenge: determining what mix of fiscal and monetary policies to follow to restore growth and jobs, while keeping inflation and debt under control. Financial stabilization and stimulus programs that started in 2009-11, combined with lower tax revenues in 2009-10, required most countries to run large budget deficits. Treasuries issued new public debt - totaling $9.1 trillion since 2008 - to pay for the additional expenditures. To keep interest rates low, most central banks monetized that debt, injecting large sums of money into their economies - between December 2008 and December 2013 the global money supply increased by more than 35%. Governments are now faced with the difficult task of spurring current growth and employment without saddling their economies with so much debt that they sacrifice long-term growth and financial stability. When economic activity picks up, central banks will confront the difficult task of containing inflation without raising interest rates so high they snuff out further growth.

Fiscal and monetary data for 2013 are currently available for 180 countries, which together account for 98.5% of world GDP. Of the 180 countries, 82 pursued unequivocally expansionary policies, boosting government spending while also expanding their money supply relatively rapidly - faster than the world average of 3.1%; 28 followed restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, reducing government spending and holding money growth to less than the 3.1% average; and the remaining 70 followed a mix of counterbalancing fiscal and monetary policies, either reducing government spending while accelerating money growth, or boosting spending while curtailing money growth.

(For more information, see attached spreadsheet.)

In 2013, for many countries the drive for fiscal austerity that began in 2011 abated. While 5 out of 6 countries slowed spending in 2012, only 1 in 2 countries slowed spending in 2013. About 1 in 3 countries actually lowered the level of their expenditures. The global growth rate for government expenditures increased from 1.6% in 2012 to 5.1% in 2013, after falling from a 10.1% growth rate in 2011. On the other hand, nearly 2 out of 3 central banks tightened monetary policy in 2013, decelerating the rate of growth of their money supply, compared with only 1 out of 3 in 2012. Roughly 1 of 4 central banks actually withdrew money from circulation, an increase from 1 out of 7 in 2012. Growth of the global money supply, as measured by the narrowly defined M1, slowed from 8.7% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010 to 5.2% in 2011, 4.6% in 2012, and 3.1% in 2013. Several notable shifts occurred in 2013. By cutting government expenditures and expanding money supplies, the US and Canada moved against the trend in the rest of the world. France reversed course completely. Rather than reducing expenditures and money as it had in 2012, it expanded both. Germany reversed its fiscal policy, sharply expanding federal spending, while continuing to grow the money supply. South Korea shifted monetary policy into high gear, while maintaining a strongly expansionary fiscal policy. Japan, however, continued to pursue austere fiscal and monetary policies.

Austere economic policies have significantly affected economic performance. The global budget deficit narrowed to roughly $2.7 trillion in 2012 and $2.1 trillion in 2013, or 3.8% and 2.5% of World GDP, respectively. But growth of the world economy slipped from 5.1% in 2010 and 3.7% in 2011, to just 3.1% in 2012, and 2.9% in 2013.

Countries with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies achieved significantly higher rates of growth, higher growth of tax revenues, and greater success reducing the public debt burden than those countries that chose contractionary policies. In 2013, the 82 countries that followed a pro-growth approach achieved a median GDP growth rate of 4.7%, compared to 1.7% for the 28 countries with restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, a difference of 3 percentage points. Among the 82, China grew 7.7%, Philippines 6.8%, Malaysia 4.7%, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia 3.6%, Argentina 3.5%, South Korea 2.8%, and Russia 1.3%, while among the 28, Brazil grew 2.3%, Japan 2.0%, South Africa 2.0%, Netherlands -0.8%, Croatia -1.0%, Iran -1.5%, Portugal -1.8%, Greece -3.8%, and Cyprus -8.7%.

Faster GDP growth and lower unemployment rates translated into increased tax revenues and a less cumbersome debt burden. Revenues for the 82 expansionary countries grew at a median rate of 10.7%, whereas tax revenues fell at a median rate of 6.8% for the 28 countries that chose austere economic policies. Budget balances improved for about three-quarters of the 28, but, for most, debt grew faster than GDP, and the median level of their public debt as a share of GDP increased 9.1 percentage points, to 59.2%. On the other hand, budget balances deteriorated for most of the 82 pro-growth countries, but GDP growth outpaced increases in debt, and the median level of public debt as a share of GDP increased just 1.9%, to 39.8%.

The world recession has suppressed inflation rates - world inflation declined 1.0 percentage point in 2012 to about 4.1% and 0.2 percentage point to 3.9% in 2013. In 2013 the median inflation rate for the 82 pro-growth countries was 1.3 percentage points higher than that for the countries that followed more austere fiscal and monetary policies. Overall, the latter countries also improved their current account balances by shedding imports; as a result, current account balances deteriorated for most of the countries that pursued pro-growth policies. Slow growth of world income continued to hold import demand in check and crude oil prices fell. Consequently, the dollar value of world trade grew just 1.3% in 2013.

Beyond the current global slowdown, the world faces several long standing economic challenges. The addition of 80 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, waste-disposal, epidemics, water-shortages, famine, over-fishing of oceans, deforestation, desertification, and depletion of non-renewable resources. The nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, services, funds, and technology. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, has created economic risks because the participating nations have varying income levels and growth rates, and hence, require a different mix of monetary and fiscal policies. Governments, especially in Western Europe, face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries are unable to devote sufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a growing risk to global prosperity - the diversion of resources away from capital investments to counter-terrorism programs.

Despite these vexing problems, the world economy also shows great promise. Technology has made possible further advances in a wide range of fields, from agriculture, to medicine, alternative energy, metallurgy, and transportation. Improved global communications have greatly reduced the costs of international trade, helping the world gain from the international division of labor, raise living standards, and reduce income disparities among nations. Much of the resilience of the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis resulted from government and central bank leaders around the globe working in concert to stem the financial onslaught, knowing well the lessons of past economic failures.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$127.8 trillion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { + "text": "$134.08 trillion (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { - "text": "$123.3 trillion (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { + "text": "$126.51 trillion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { - "text": "$119.5 trillion (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$130.445 trillion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { + "text": "5.87% (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { + "text": "-3.12% (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "3.3% (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { + "text": "2.59% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$17,500 (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP per capita 2021": { + "text": "$17,000 (2021 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2016": { - "text": "$17,000 (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$16,200 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2015": { - "text": "$16,800 (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$16,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, @@ -463,11 +471,14 @@ "text": "$80.27 trillion (2017 est.) SGWP (gross world product)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { + "text": "3.5% (2021 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "1.92% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.19% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "developed countries: 1.9% (2017 est.) 0.9% (2016 est.)

developing countries: 8.8% (2017 est.) 3.7% (2016 est.)

note: the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 4% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries and by soft demand due to the world financial crisis" }, @@ -506,10 +517,10 @@ "text": "

dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new technologies is complicating already grim environmental problems

" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "6.13% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.432 billion (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.463 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -523,20 +534,31 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2017": { - "text": "7.7% (2017 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2021": { + "text": "6.18% (2021 est.)" }, - "Unemployment rate 2016": { - "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" + "Unemployment rate 2020": { + "text": "6.58% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2019": { + "text": "5.36% (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment (2007 est.)" }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "17.9%" + }, + "male": { + "text": "17.3%" + }, + "female": { + "text": "19.7% (2021 est.)" + } + }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { "text": "37.9 (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2005": { - "text": "37.9 (2005 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -567,25 +589,31 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.7% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + "text": "13.55% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "Exports 2017": { - "text": "$17.31 trillion (2017 est.)" + "Exports 2021": { + "text": "$28.108 trillion (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2016": { - "text": "$15.82 trillion (2016 est.)" + "Exports 2020": { + "text": "$22.595 trillion (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2019": { + "text": "$24.971 trillion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services

top ten - share of world trade: 14.8 electrical machinery, including computers; 14.4 mineral fuels, including oil, coal, gas, and refined products; 14.2 nuclear reactors, boilers, and parts; 8.9 cars, trucks, and buses; 3.5 scientific and precision instruments; 3.4 plastics; 2.7 iron and steel; 2.6 organic chemicals; 2.6 pharmaceutical products; 1.9 diamonds, pearls, and precious stones (2007 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "Imports 2018": { - "text": "$20.01 trillion (2018 est.)" + "Imports 2021": { + "text": "$27,120,162,000,000 (2021 est.)" }, - "Imports 2017": { - "text": "$16.02 trillion (2017 est.)" + "Imports 2020": { + "text": "$21,949,583,000,000 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2019": { + "text": "$24,418,208,000,000 (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - commodities": {