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231 changed files with 16032 additions and 13407 deletions
162
europe/pl.json
162
europe/pl.json
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@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
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},
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"Languages": {
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)"
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"text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)"
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},
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"major-language sample(s)": {
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"text": "<br>Księga Faktów Świata, niezbędne źródło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
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"text": "1.4 children born/woman (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Gross reproduction rate": {
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"text": "0.68 (2022 est.)"
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"text": "0.69 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "62.3% (2014)"
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@ -357,12 +357,12 @@
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"text": "20.1% (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
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"text": "58.7% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
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"text": "0.7% (2010/12)"
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},
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"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
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"text": "56.6% (2023 est.)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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@ -393,13 +393,13 @@
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},
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"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "11.9%"
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"text": "13.4%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "11.6%"
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"text": "12.3%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "12.5% (2021 est.)"
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"text": "15% (2021 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -712,37 +712,37 @@
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"text": "<p>Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government’s loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government’s ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU’s 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland’s economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending.</p> <p> </p> <p>Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation.</p>"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
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"text": "$1.318 trillion (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
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"text": "$1,223,460,000,000 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "$1.233 trillion (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$1,257,440,000,000 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
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"text": "$1,202,820,000,000 (2018 est.)"
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"text": "$1.259 trillion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
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"text": "6.85% (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
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"text": "-2.02% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
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"text": "4.55% (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
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"text": "5.36% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
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"text": "4.83% (2017 est.)"
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"text": "4.45% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
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"text": "$34,900 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
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"text": "$32,200 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "$32,500 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$33,100 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2018": {
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"text": "$31,700 (2018 est.)"
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"text": "$33,200 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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@ -750,14 +750,14 @@
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"text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
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"text": "5.06% (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
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"text": "3.37% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
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"text": "2.1% (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
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"text": "1.7% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
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"text": "2% (2017 est.)"
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"text": "2.23% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Credit ratings": {
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@ -804,16 +804,16 @@
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}
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},
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"Agricultural products": {
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"text": "milk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye"
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"text": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye"
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},
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"Industries": {
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"text": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles"
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},
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"Industrial production growth rate": {
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"text": "7.5% (2017 est.)"
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"text": "3.36% (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Labor force": {
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"text": "9.561 million (2020 est.)"
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"text": "18.212 million (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Labor force - by occupation": {
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"agriculture": {
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@ -827,22 +827,25 @@
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}
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},
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"Unemployment rate": {
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"Unemployment rate 2019": {
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"text": "5.43% (2019 est.)"
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"Unemployment rate 2021": {
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"text": "3.37% (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Unemployment rate 2018": {
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"text": "6.08% (2018 est.)"
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"Unemployment rate 2020": {
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"text": "3.16% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Unemployment rate 2019": {
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"text": "3.28% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "11.9%"
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"text": "13.4%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "11.6%"
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"text": "12.3%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "12.5% (2021 est.)"
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"text": "15% (2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population below poverty line": {
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@ -851,9 +854,6 @@
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"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
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"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": {
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"text": "29.7 (2017 est.)"
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},
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"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": {
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"text": "33.7 (2008)"
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}
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},
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"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
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@ -885,28 +885,31 @@
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "39.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
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"text": "17.48% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "calendar year"
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},
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"Current account balance": {
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"Current account balance 2019": {
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"text": "$2.92 billion (2019 est.)"
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"Current account balance 2021": {
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"text": "-$4.568 billion (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Current account balance 2018": {
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"text": "-$7.52 billion (2018 est.)"
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"Current account balance 2020": {
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"text": "$17.319 billion (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Current account balance 2019": {
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"text": "$2.832 billion (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Exports": {
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"Exports 2021": {
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"text": "$411.621 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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},
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"Exports 2020": {
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"text": "$333.54 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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"text": "$336.317 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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},
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"Exports 2019": {
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"text": "$330.68 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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},
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"Exports 2018": {
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"text": "$324.22 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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"text": "$330.934 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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}
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},
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"Exports - partners": {
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@ -916,14 +919,14 @@
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"text": "cars and vehicle parts, seats, furniture, computers, video displays (2019)"
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},
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"Imports": {
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"Imports 2021": {
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"text": "$380.699 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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},
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"Imports 2020": {
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"text": "$292.44 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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"text": "$295.897 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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},
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"Imports 2019": {
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"text": "$302.87 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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},
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"Imports 2018": {
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"text": "$306.43 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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"text": "$302.525 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
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}
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},
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"Imports - partners": {
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"text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts (2019)"
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},
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
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"text": "$113.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
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"text": "$166.03 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
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},
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
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"text": "$114.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
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"text": "$154.219 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
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},
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
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"text": "$128.392 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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@ -952,20 +958,20 @@
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"Currency": {
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"text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -"
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},
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"Exchange rates 2021": {
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"text": "3.862 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates 2020": {
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"text": "3.6684 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "3.9 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates 2019": {
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"text": "3.8697 (2019 est.)"
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"text": "3.839 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates 2018": {
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"text": "3.76615 (2018 est.)"
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"text": "3.612 (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates 2014": {
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"text": "3.7721 (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates 2013": {
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"text": "3.1538 (2013 est.)"
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"Exchange rates 2017": {
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"text": "3.779 (2017 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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"Communications": {
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"Telephones - fixed lines": {
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"total subscriptions": {
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"text": "5,777,428 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "5,308,497 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
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"text": "15 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "14 (2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
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"total subscriptions": {
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"text": "49,350,724 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "50,588,785 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
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"text": "130 (2020 est.)"
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"text": "132 (2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"text": "the liberalized telecom market has seen considerable development in the broadband and mobile sectors; the regulatory environment has encouraged market competition, partly by encouraging operators to secure spectrum and also by ensuring access to cable and fiber infrastructure; the mobile market in recent years has been characterized by the rapid extension of LTE networks and the development of mobile data services based on newly released and re-farmed spectrum; the regulator’s attempts to auction spectrum in a range of bands has been delayed, with spectrum in the 5G-suitable 3.4-3.8GHz range having been suspended to later in 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak and legislative changes (2021)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; fixed-line roughly 15 per 100 (service lags in rural areas), mobile-cellular over 130 per 100 persons (2020)"
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"text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; fixed-line roughly 14 per 100 (service lags in rural areas), mobile-cellular over 132 per 100 persons (2021)"
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},
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"international": {
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"text": "country code - 48; landing points for the Baltica and the Denmark-Poland2 submarine cables connecting Poland, Denmark and Sweden; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2019)"
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,553,707 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2022)"
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"text": "1,553,707 (Ukraine) (as of 3 January 2022)"
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},
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)"
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