auto-update week 6

middle-east/aj.json

@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
         "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; election last held on 11 April 2018 (next to be held on 7 February 2024, a snap election); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; note - a constitutional amendment approved in a September 2016 referendum extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years; a separate constitutional amendment approved in the same referendum also introduced the post of first vice president and additional vice-presidents, who are directly appointed by the president; however, no additional vice presidents have been appointed since the constitutional amendment was passed"
       },
       "election results": {
-        "text": "<em>2018:</em> Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%"
+        "text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2%<em><br><br>2018:</em> Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%"
       },
       "note": "<strong>note:</strong> OSCE observers noted shortcomings in the election, including a restrictive political environment, limits on fundamental freedoms, a lack of genuine competition, and ballot box stuffing"
     },

middle-east/gg.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "Introduction": {
     "Background": {
-      "text": "<p>The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.</p> <p>Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and good governance during his time in power but also faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was also complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that led to periodic flare-ups in tension and violence and that culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.</p> <p>Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government before leaving the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. At the time, these changes in leadership represented unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the following years, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. Most recently, Irakli GARIBASHVILI became prime minister in February 2021. In October 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse of office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals and Georgia applied for EU membership in March 2022. The EU and Georgia signed an Association Agreement in June 2014 and it fully entered into force in July 2016. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and Georgian citizens since 2017 can travel to the Schengen area without a visa.</p>"
+      "text": "<p>The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.</p> <p>Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and good governance during his time in power but also faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was also complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that led to periodic flare-ups in tension and violence and that culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.</p> <p>Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government before leaving the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. At the time, these changes in leadership represented unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the following years, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. Most recently, Irakli GARIBASHVILI became prime minister in February 2021. In October 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse of office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals and Georgia applied for EU membership in March 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. The EU and Georgia signed an Association Agreement in June 2014 and it fully entered into force in July 2016. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and Georgian citizens since 2017 can travel to the Schengen area without a visa.</p>"
     }
   },
   "Geography": {
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
         "text": "President Salome ZOURABICHVILI (since 16 December 2018)"
       },
       "head of government": {
-        "text": "Prime Minister Irakli GARIBASHVILI (since 22 February 2021); resigned on January 29, 2024"
+        "text": "Prime Minister (in transition); note - Irakli GARIBASHVILI resigned on 29 January 2024; Irakli KOBAKHIDZE was nominated as the new prime minister by the ruling party on 1 February 2024"
       },
       "cabinet": {
         "text": "Cabinet of Ministers"
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
     },
     "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
       "chief of mission": {
-        "text": "Ambassador Robin DUNNIGAN (since 12 October 2023)"
+        "text": "Ambassador Robin L. DUNNIGAN (since 12 October 2023)"
       },
       "embassy": {
         "text": "29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131"
@@ -645,18 +645,18 @@
   },
   "Economy": {
     "Economic overview": {
-      "text": "COVID-19 crippled tourism, transportation, and construction sectors; rising unemployment, public debts and poverty; foreign investment and domestic bond issuance"
+      "text": "<p>main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products, such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages</p>"
     },
     "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
+      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
+        "text": "$63.403 billion (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
         "text": "$57.434 billion (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
         "text": "$51.993 billion (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
-        "text": "$55.762 billion (2019 est.)"
-      },
       "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
     },
     "Real GDP growth rate": {
@@ -671,15 +671,15 @@
       }
     },
     "Real GDP per capita": {
+      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
+        "text": "$17,100 (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
         "text": "$15,500 (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
         "text": "$14,000 (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
-        "text": "$15,000 (2019 est.)"
-      },
       "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
     },
     "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@@ -838,35 +838,37 @@
       }
     },
     "Exports": {
+      "Exports 2022": {
+        "text": "$13.112 billion (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Exports 2021": {
-        "text": "$8.086 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$8.086 billion (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Exports 2020": {
-        "text": "$5.927 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$5.927 billion (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Exports 2019": {
-        "text": "$9.546 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
-      }
+      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
     },
     "Exports - partners": {
-      "text": "Russia 12%, Azerbaijan 12%, Armenia 9%, Bulgaria 8%, China 6%, Turkey 6%, Ukraine 6% (2019)"
+      "text": "China 13%, Russia 12%, Azerbaijan 11%, Turkey 7%, Ukraine 6% (2021)"
     },
     "Exports - commodities": {
       "text": "copper, iron alloys, cars, wine, refined petroleum, nitrogen fertilizers, liquors (2021)"
     },
     "Imports": {
+      "Imports 2022": {
+        "text": "$15.545 billion (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Imports 2021": {
-        "text": "$11.151 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$11.151 billion (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Imports 2020": {
-        "text": "$8.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$8.967 billion (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Imports 2019": {
-        "text": "$11.162 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
-      }
+      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
     },
     "Imports - partners": {
-      "text": "Turkey 17%, China 11%, Russia 9%, Azerbaijan 6%, United States 6%, Germany 5% (2019)"
+      "text": "Turkey 17%, China 9%, Russia 9%, United States 7%, Azerbaijan 6% (2021)"
     },
     "Imports - commodities": {
       "text": "cars, refined petroleum, copper, packaged medicines, natural gas (2019)"
@@ -1162,8 +1164,11 @@
       "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Ministry of Internal Affairs also has forces for protecting strategic infrastructure and conducting special operations"
     },
     "Military expenditures": {
+      "Military Expenditures 2023": {
+        "text": "1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)"
+      },
       "Military Expenditures 2022": {
-        "text": "1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)"
+        "text": "1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)"
       },
       "Military Expenditures 2021": {
         "text": "1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)"
@@ -1172,10 +1177,7 @@
         "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)"
       },
       "Military Expenditures 2019": {
-        "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)"
-      },
-      "Military Expenditures 2018": {
-        "text": "1.9% of GDP (2018)"
+        "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)"
       }
     },
     "Military and security service personnel strengths": {

middle-east/le.json

@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@
         "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Lebanon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials modestly increased investigations and continued to allow an NGO to screen migrants in the government detention center for trafficking; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; a caretaker government, judicial sector strike, and widespread civil service work stoppages limited Lebanon’s ability to establish effective anti-trafficking policies and impacted anti-trafficking efforts; efforts to identify and protect trafficking victims remained woefully inadequate; officials relied on NGOs and civil society to provide shelter and services to victims and did not report providing financial or in-kind support to those organizations; the parliament did not approve a labor law amendment, pending since 2009, to extend legal protections to foreign workers, nor did it approve a draft standardized contract for migrant workers; the lack of formal victim identification and referral procedures placed victims at risk of arrest, detention, or deportation for committing unlawful acts while being trafficked; the government did not reform its visa sponsorship system despite extreme trafficking vulnerabilities inherent in the system; officials rarely convicted traffickers for exploiting domestic servants, the prevalent form of trafficking in Lebanon; therefore, Lebanon was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)"
       },
       "trafficking profile": {
-        "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Lebanon, as well as Lebanese abroad; women and girls from South and Southeast Asia, and increasingly East and West Africa, are subjected to domestic servitude in Lebanon; recruitment agencies continued to aggressively recruit foreign national domestic workers—sometimes through fraudulent or false job offers—particularly from Nigeria and the Philippines; most employers withhold domestic workers’ passports, and some withhold wages, force excessive work hours, restrict freedom of movement, and physically or sexually abuse them; NGOs and international organizations reported increased exploitation of Lebanese adults by Lebanese nationals, particularly in industries such as custodial services; women, primarily from Belarus, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, and Ukraine, enter Lebanon legally under the artiste visa program—which restricts the women from leaving the hotel where they live—and face physical and sexual abuse and domestic servitude; adults and children among the estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon are at high risk of sex and labor trafficking, sometimes at the hands of Syrian traffickers; refugee adults and children are held in bonded labor to pay for food, shelter, and transit and are sometimes contracted as groups to work in agriculture in the Beka’a Valley; forced child labor within the Syrian refugee population continued to rise, particularly in agriculture, construction, and street vending and begging; some of the children are forced or coerced to conduct criminal activity; Syrian refugee LGBTQI+ persons, women, girls, and some men are highly vulnerable to sex trafficking; some of the refugee women and girls are forced by family members into commercial sex acts or early marriage, and they are highly vulnerable to trafficking; Syrian and Lebanese nationals fleeing the economic crisis are vulnerable to sex trafficking in Turkey; non-state armed groups, including Hizballah, Fatah al-Islam, Jund Ansar Allah, Saraya al-Muqawama, and ISIS, recruited or used child soldiers in recent years; refugee children, particularly in Palestinian refugee camps, were especially vulnerable to recruitment or use as child soldiers  (2023)"
+        "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Lebanon, as well as Lebanese abroad; women and girls from South and Southeast Asia, and increasingly East and West Africa, are subjected to domestic servitude in Lebanon; recruitment agencies continued to aggressively recruit foreign national domestic workers—sometimes through fraudulent or false job offers—particularly from Nigeria and the Philippines; most employers withhold domestic workers’ passports, and some withhold wages, force excessive work hours, restrict freedom of movement, and physically or sexually abuse them; NGOs and international organizations reported increased exploitation of Lebanese adults by Lebanese nationals, particularly in industries such as custodial services; women, primarily from Belarus, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, and Ukraine, enter Lebanon legally under the artiste visa program—which restricts the women from leaving the hotel where they live—and face physical and sexual abuse and domestic servitude; adults and children among the estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon are at high risk of sex and labor trafficking, sometimes at the hands of Syrian traffickers; refugee adults and children are held in bonded labor to pay for food, shelter, and transit and are sometimes contracted as groups to work in agriculture in the Beka’a Valley; forced child labor within the Syrian refugee population continued to rise, particularly in agriculture, construction, and street vending and begging; some of the children are forced or coerced to conduct criminal activity; Syrian refugee LGBTQI+ persons, women, girls, and some men are highly vulnerable to sex trafficking; some of the refugee women and girls are forced by family members into commercial sex acts or early marriage, and they are highly vulnerable to trafficking; Syrian and Lebanese nationals fleeing the economic crisis are vulnerable to sex trafficking in Turkey; non-state armed groups, including Hizballah, Fatah al-Islam, Jund Ansar Allah, Saraya al-Muqawama, and ISIS, recruited or used child soldiers in recent years; refugee children, particularly in Palestinian refugee camps, were especially vulnerable to recruitment or use as child soldiers (2023)"
       }
     },
     "Illicit drugs": {

middle-east/mu.json

@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@
   },
   "Military and Security": {
     "Military and security forces": {
-      "text": "Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF): Royal Army of Oman (RAO), Royal Navy of Oman (RNO), Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO), Royal Guard of Oman (RGO), Sultan's Special Forces<br><br>Royal Oman Police (ROP): Civil Defense, Immigration, Customs, Royal Oman Police Coast Guard, Special Task Force (2023)",
+      "text": "Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF): Royal Army of Oman (RAO), Royal Navy of Oman (RNO), Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO), Royal Guard of Oman (RGO), Sultan's Special Forces<br><br>Royal Oman Police (ROP): Civil Defense, Immigration, Customs, Royal Oman Police Coast Guard, Special Task Force (2024)",
       "note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the Sultan’s Special Forces and the ROP Special Task Force are Oman’s primary tactical counterterrorism response forces<strong><br><br>note 2:</strong> in addition to its policing duties, the ROP conducts many administrative functions similar to the responsibilities of a Ministry of Interior in other countries"
     },
     "Military expenditures": {
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@
       "text": "18 for voluntary military service for men and women (women have been allowed to serve since 2011); no conscription (2023)"
     },
     "Military - note": {
-      "text": "the SAF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is a small, but professional and well-equipped military that trains regularly, including with foreign partners such as the UK, US, and Gulf Cooperation Council countries; the SAF has a longstanding security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; the relationship was notable during the Dhofar Rebellion (1963-1976), when the British military provided considerable assistance to the SAF in their eventually successful counterinsurgency campaign; today, the SAF and the British maintain a joint training base in Oman and exercise together regularly; in 2017, Oman and the UK signed an agreement allowing the British military the use of facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port, expanding on previous military cooperation agreements in 2014, 2010, and 1980; Oman also allows other nations to use some of its maritime facilities, including China<br><br>the Omani Navy conducts maritime security operations along the country’s long coastline, including patrolling, ensuring freedom of navigation in the key naval chokepoint of the Strait of Hormuz, and countering piracy and smuggling; while Oman is not a member of the US-led, 34-member nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which operates task forces to counter piracy and smuggling, the Omani Navy has at times participated in CMF-led joint exercises; the Navy is a small but relatively modern force; its principal warships include nine corvettes and offshore patrol vessels, which are supported by a number of small patrol and fast attack craft<br><br>the Royal Army was formed as the Muscat Garrison in 1907; today, it has an armored brigade equipped with American and British tanks, 2 brigades of infantry, and a border guard brigade, as well as an airborne regiment; the Royal Guard is comprised of an infantry brigade and 2 special forces regiments; the Air Force has about three dozen modern European- and US-made multipurpose fighter aircraft (2023)"
+      "text": "the SAF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is a small, but well-equipped military that trains regularly, including with foreign partners such as the UK, US, and Gulf Cooperation Council countries; the SAF has a longstanding security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; the relationship was notable during the Dhofar Rebellion (1963-1976), when the British military provided considerable assistance to the SAF in their eventually successful counterinsurgency campaign; today, the SAF and the British maintain a joint training base in Oman and exercise together regularly; in 2017, Oman and the UK signed an agreement allowing the British military the use of facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port, expanding on previous military cooperation agreements in 2014, 2010, and 1980; Oman also allows other nations to use some of its maritime facilities, including China<br><br>the Omani Navy conducts maritime security operations along the country’s long coastline, including patrolling, ensuring freedom of navigation in the key naval chokepoint of the Strait of Hormuz, and countering piracy and smuggling; while Oman is not a member of the US-led, 34-member nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which operates task forces to counter piracy and smuggling, the Omani Navy has at times participated in CMF-led joint exercises; the Navy is a small but relatively modern force; its principal warships are five corvettes, which are supported by several offshore patrol ships, fast attack craft, and coastal patrol vessels<br><br>the Royal Army was formed as the Muscat Garrison in 1907; today, it has an armored brigade equipped with American and British tanks, 2 brigades of infantry, and a border guard brigade, as well as an airborne regiment; the Royal Guard is comprised of an infantry brigade and 2 special forces regiments; the Air Force has about three dozen modern European- and US-made multipurpose fighter aircraft (2023)"
     }
   },
   "Space": {

middle-east/qa.json

@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@
   "Communications": {
     "Telephones - fixed lines": {
       "total subscriptions": {
-        "text": "460,240 (2021 est.)"
+        "text": "523,765 (2022 est.)"
       },
       "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
         "text": "17 (2021 est.)"

middle-east/tu.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "Introduction": {
     "Background": {
-      "text": "<p>Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.</p> <p>Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although in recent years, the government's growth-by-any-means strategy has sent inflation to historic highs and tested the broader financial system's resilience.</p> <p>From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") of instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.</p>"
+      "text": "<p>Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.</p> <p>Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945, and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although in recent years, the government's growth-by-any-means strategy has sent inflation to historic highs and tested the broader financial system's resilience.</p> <p>From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") of instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.</p>"
     }
   },
   "Geography": {
@@ -677,18 +677,18 @@
   },
   "Economy": {
     "Economic overview": {
-      "text": "upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; economic instability from 2016 attempted coup and 2018 currency recession; hit hard by COVID-19, increasing poverty and unemployment; endemic corruption; large agriculture labor force"
+      "text": "<p>upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; economic instability from 2016 attempted coup and 2018 currency recession; increasing poverty and unemployment; endemic corruption; large agriculture labor force</p>"
     },
     "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
+      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
+        "text": "$2.817 trillion (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
         "text": "$2.668 trillion (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
         "text": "$2.396 trillion (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
-        "text": "$2.35 trillion (2019 est.)"
-      },
       "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
     },
     "Real GDP growth rate": {
@@ -703,15 +703,15 @@
       }
     },
     "Real GDP per capita": {
+      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
+        "text": "$33,100 (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
         "text": "$31,500 (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
         "text": "$28,500 (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
-        "text": "$28,200 (2019 est.)"
-      },
       "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
     },
     "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@@ -870,35 +870,37 @@
       }
     },
     "Exports": {
+      "Exports 2022": {
+        "text": "$350.004 billion (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Exports 2021": {
-        "text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Exports 2020": {
-        "text": "$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$203.816 billion (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Exports 2019": {
-        "text": "$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
-      }
+      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
     },
     "Exports - partners": {
-      "text": "Germany 9%, United Kingdom 6%, Iraq 5%, Italy 5%, United States 5% (2019)"
+      "text": "Germany 8%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 6%, Italy 5%, Iraq 5% (2021)"
     },
     "Exports - commodities": {
       "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)"
     },
     "Imports": {
+      "Imports 2022": {
+        "text": "$386.305 billion (2022 est.)"
+      },
       "Imports 2021": {
-        "text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.)"
       },
       "Imports 2020": {
-        "text": "$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
+        "text": "$230.141 billion (2020 est.)"
       },
-      "Imports 2019": {
-        "text": "$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
-      }
+      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
     },
     "Imports - partners": {
-      "text": "Germany 11%, China 9%, Russia 9%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2019)"
+      "text": "China 13%, Germany 10%, Russia 8%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2021)"
     },
     "Imports - commodities": {
       "text": "gold, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, scrap iron (2019)"
@@ -1188,7 +1190,7 @@
     },
     "Roadways": {
       "total": {
-        "text": "67,333 km (2018)"
+        "text": "68,526 km (2023)"
       },
       "paved": {
         "text": "24,082 km (2018) (includes 2,159 km of expressways)"

middle-east/ym.json

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
         "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
       },
       "vectorborne diseases": {
-        "text": "dengue fever and malaria"
+        "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)"
       },
       "water contact diseases": {
         "text": "schistosomiasis"
@@ -540,10 +540,10 @@
     },
     "Executive branch": {
       "chief of state": {
-        "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022)"
+        "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022); note - Abdrabbuh Mansur HADI served as acting president beginning in early 2012 but was forced to resign in late January 2015 by the Houthis - a rebel group aligned with Iran - in the midst of mass protests; subsequently, the Houthis and supporters of Yemen's first president, Ali Abdullah SALEH, seized the presidential palace and placed HADI under house arrest"
       },
       "head of government": {
-        "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022)"
+        "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022); on 5 February 2024, Foreign Minister Ahmad Awad Bin MUBAREK was appointed prime minister by the Presidential Council"
       },
       "cabinet": {
         "text": "25 members from northern and southern Yemen, representing all of Yemen's major political parties"