diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 3435f8fa..4828cbee 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS" + "text": "malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "note": "note: on 31 August 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Botswana is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine" }, diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index ee1fe984..04000821 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index e6b60c45..d2b8519f 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index a9206c12..88435d8d 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely diverse, with more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, to the south and east, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, respectively, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. These kingdoms were invaded and splintered by European prospectors in the Congo Basin in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and eventually were forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory to make it his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease, inhumane treatment, and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.

The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brute force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from conflict in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. Presidential, National Assembly, and provincial elections took place in 2006, with Joseph KABILA elected to office.

National elections were held in November 2011 and disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency. While the DRC constitution barred President KABILA from running for a third term, the DRC Government delayed national elections originally slated for November 2016, to 30 December 2018. This failure to hold elections as scheduled fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests by KABILA’s opponents and exacerbation of tensions in the tumultuous eastern DRC regions. Presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held in late December 2018 and early 2019 across most of the country. The DRC Government canceled presidential elections in the cities of Beni and Butembo (citing concerns over an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the region) as well as Yumbi (which had recently experienced heavy violence).

Opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI was announced the election winner on 10 January 2019 and inaugurated two weeks later. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since the DRC's independence. 

The DRC, particularly in the East, continues to experience violence perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.

 

" + "text": "

Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely diverse, with more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, to the south and east, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, respectively, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. These kingdoms were invaded and splintered by European prospectors in the Congo Basin in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and eventually were forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory to make it his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease, inhumane treatment, and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.

The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brute force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from conflict in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. Presidential, National Assembly, and provincial elections took place in 2006, with Joseph KABILA elected to office.

National elections were held in November 2011 and disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency. While the DRC constitution barred President KABILA from running for a third term, the DRC Government delayed national elections originally slated for November 2016, to 30 December 2018. This failure to hold elections as scheduled fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests by KABILA’s opponents and exacerbation of tensions in the tumultuous eastern DRC regions. Presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held in late December 2018 and early 2019 across most of the country. The DRC Government canceled presidential elections in the cities of Beni and Butembo (citing concerns over an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the region) as well as Yumbi (which had recently experienced heavy violence).

The results of the 2018 elections were again disputed, but opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI, son of long-time opposition leader Etienne Tshisekedi, was announced the election winner on 10 January 2019 and inaugurated two weeks later. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since the DRC's independence. 
The DRC held its fourth electoral cycle since independence on December 20, 2023, which included presidential, national and provincial assembly, and, for the first time, some local (communal and municipal councilor) elections.  Tshisekedi was proclaimed winner December 31, 2023, with 73% of the votes cast, and his political alliance, “the Sacred Union,” retained a large parliamentary majority.  Electoral observer missions characterized the elections as more peaceful than previous cycles but noted significant technical and logistical shortfalls as well as allegations of fraud.

The DRC, particularly in the East, continues to experience violence perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 (M23) rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF, or ISIS-DRC), the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": " Christian 93/1% (Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%), Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2014 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Despite a wealth of fertile soil, hydroelectric power potential, and mineral resources, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) struggles with many socioeconomic problems, including high infant and maternal mortality rates, malnutrition, poor vaccination coverage, lack of access to improved water sources and sanitation, and frequent and early fertility. Ongoing conflict, mismanagement of resources, and a lack of investment have resulted in food insecurity; almost 25% of children under the age of 5 were malnourished as of 2018. The overall coverage of basic public services – education, health, sanitation, and potable water – is very limited and piecemeal, with substantial regional and rural/urban disparities. Fertility remains high at more than 5 children per woman and is likely to remain high because of the low use of contraception and the cultural preference for larger families.

The DRC is a source and host country for refugees. Between 2012 and 2014, more than 119,000 Congolese refugees returned from the Republic of Congo to the relative stability of northwest DRC, but more than 1 million Congolese refugees and asylum seekers were hosted by neighboring countries as of December 2022. In addition, an estimated 5.5 million Congolese were internally displaced as of October 2022, the vast majority fleeing violence between rebel group and Congolese armed forces. Thousands of refugees have come to the DRC from neighboring countries, including Rwanda, the Central African Republic, South Sudan, and Burundi.

" @@ -596,13 +596,13 @@ "text": "President Felix TSHISEKEDI (since 20 January 2024)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Jean-Michel Sama LUKONDE (since 15 February 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Jose MAKILA, Leonard She OKITUNDU, Henri MOVA Sankanyi (since February 2018), Jean-Pierre BEMBBA (since 23 March 2023)" + "text": "Prime Minister Jean-Michel Sama LUKONDE (since 15 February 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Christophe LUTUNDULA (since 12 April 2021),Vital KAMERHE (since 23 March 2023), Peter KAZADI (23 March 2023), Jean-Pierre BEMBA (since 23 March 2023), Jean-Pierre LIHAU (since 12 April 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers of State appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 December 2023 (next to be held in December 2028); prime minister appointed by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 December 2023 (next to be held on 20 December 2028); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "2023: Felix TSHISEKEDI reelected president; percent of vote - Felix TSHISEKEDI (UDPS) 73.3%, Moise KATUMBI (Ensemble) 18.8%, Martin FAYULU (ECIDE) 5.3%, other 2.6%

2018: Felix TSHISEKEDI elected president; percent of vote - Felix TSHISEKEDI (UDPS) 38.6%, Martin FAYULU (Lamuka coalition) 34.8%, Emmanuel Ramazani SHADARY (PPRD) 23.9%, other 2.7%; note - election marred by serious voting irregularities" @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]
Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]
Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC [NA]
Engagement for Citizenship and Development or ECIDE [Martin FAYULU]
Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]
Lamuka coalition [Martin FAYULU] (includes ECIDE, MLC, Together for Change, CNB, and Nouvel Elan)
Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]
Nouvel Elan [Adolphe MUZITO]
Our Congo or CNB (\"Congo Na Biso\") [Freddy MATUNGULU]
People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA Sakanyi]
Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]
Together for Change (\"Ensemble\") [Moise KATUMBI]
Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [NA]
Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]
Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Felix TSHISEKEDI]" + "text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]
Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]
Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC [NA]
Engagement for Citizenship and Development or ECIDE [Martin FAYULU]
Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]
Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]
Nouvel Elan [Adolphe MUZITO]
Our Congo or CNB (\"Congo Na Biso\") [Freddy MATUNGULU]
People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA Sakanyi]
Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]
Together for Change (\"Ensemble\") [Moise KATUMBI]
Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [NA]
Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]
Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Felix TSHISEKEDI]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Forces d'Armees de la Republique Democratique du Congo, FARDC): Land Forces, National Navy (La Marine Nationale), Congolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Congolaise, FAC); Republican Guard (2023)", + "text": "Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Forces d'Armees de la Republique Democratique du Congo, FARDC): Land Forces, National Navy (La Marine Nationale), Congolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Congolaise, FAC); Republican Guard (2024)", "note": "note 1: the Congolese National Police are under the Ministry of Interior

note 2: the Republican Guard is a division-size element consisting of approximately 5 regiments; it is regarded as the country’s best equipped and trained military unit and is under the direct control of the president" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 18-45 years of age for compulsory military service for men; it is unclear how much conscription is used (2023)", - "note": "note: in eastern Congo, fighters from armed groups, and in some cases government security forces, have been accused of forced recruitment of child soldiers" + "note": "note: in eastern Congo, fighters from armed groups, including some associated with government security forces, have been accused of forced recruitment of child soldiers" }, "Military - note": { "text": "

the FARDC’s primary focus is internal security; while the FARDC is large on paper, with an estimated 18 operational infantry brigades, it has struggled to provide security in large portions of the country; the FARDC is widely assessed to suffer from insufficient training, low equipment readiness, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline, and widespread corruption; it was created out of the armed factions of the Congo wars that ended in 2003, incorporating various militia, paramilitary, and rebel formations; the DRC’s most effective military force, the Republican Guard, is overseen by the office of the presidency rather than the FARDC and focuses largely on protecting the president and government institutions and enforcing internal security

the FARDC is actively conducting operations against a variety of illegal armed groups (IOGs) operating in the DRC, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, where more than 15 significant and cohesive IOGs operate; there is also IOG-related violence in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; some estimates place over 100 IOGs operating in the country, including organized militias, such as the Nduma Defense of Congo-Renewal (NDC-R), which controls a large portion of North Kivu; Mai Mai groups (local militias that operate variously as self-defense networks and criminal rackets); and foreign-origin groups seeking safe haven and resources, such as the Ugandan-origin Allied Democratic Forces (ADF; aka Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC), the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), multiple groups originating from Burundi, the Lords Resistance Army (LRA), and the March 23 Movement (aka M23 or Congolese Revolutionary Army), which the DRC has accused Rwanda of backing; the FARDC has been accused of collaborating with some IOGs, such as the NDC-R; in 2023, the East Africa Community deployed a regional force to oversee the withdrawal of the M23 rebel group from the country

the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of 2023, MONUSCO had around 14,000 personnel assigned, but it was drawing down its forces towards a complete withdrawal at the request of the DRC Government; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; three infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security (2023)" diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 6efc2810..446d4b3f 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index b5728ae2..6e7018aa 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "text": "last held on 19 January 2020 with a runoff on 23 February 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party in first round - CRC 60.9%, Orange Party 4.3%, independent 30.8%, other 4%; percent of vote in the second round - CRC 54.1%, Orange Party 18.9%, independent 26.1%, other 1%; seats by party in the first round -  CRC 16, Orange Party 1, independent 2; seats by party in the second round - CRC 4, Orange Party 1; note - 9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; note - main opposition parties boycotted election; composition for elected members as of 2022 - men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%

 

" + "text": "percent of vote by party in first round - CRC 60.9%, Orange Party 4.3%, independent 30.8%, other 4%; percent of vote by party in the second round - CRC 54.1%, Orange Party 18.9%, independent 26.1%, other 1%; seats by party in the first round -  CRC 16, Orange Party 1, independent 2; seats by party in the second round - CRC 4, Orange Party 1; note - 9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; note - main opposition parties boycotted election; composition for elected members as of 2022 - men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%

 

" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 9dc18eb5..4c94c292 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 36e3d51c..19b8058f 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever" + "text": "dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 25e7c4f2..acb6f549 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region, contemporarily known as Rio Muni, was most likely predominantly inhibited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule.

In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. President MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for approximately 11 years. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under President MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, then a senior military officer, deposed President MACIAS in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in November 2022. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and there is nearly no space for political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was designated for the development of infrastructure. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. 

 

" + "text": "

Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region was most likely predominantly inhabited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule.

In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. President MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for approximately 11 years. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under President MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, then a senior military officer, deposed President MACIAS in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in November 2022. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and there is nearly no space for political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was designated for the development of infrastructure. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. 

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Ndowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 est.)" + "text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Ndowe (includes Bujeba 1.1%) 4.7%, Nanguedambo 1.6%, other 1.4% (1994 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Portuguese-based Creoles spoken in Ano Bom) 32.4% (1994 est.)" + "text": "Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Fa d'Ambo spoken in Annobon) 32.4% (1994 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ }, "Capital": { "name": { - "text": "Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; in 2017, some governmental offices began to move to a new capital of Ciudad de la Paz (formerly referred to as Oyala) on the mainland near Djibloho, but a lack of funds has halted progress on construction " + "text": "Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; some months of the year, the government operates out of Bata on the mainland region." }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "3 45 N, 8 47 E" @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { - "text": "named after King MALABO (Malabo Lopelo Melaka) (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko; the name of the new capital, Ciudad de la Paz, translates to \"City of Peace\" in Spanish" + "text": "named after King MALABO (Malabo Lopelo Melaka) (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko" } }, "Administrative divisions": { @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup); First Vice President Teodoro Nguema OBIANG Mangue (since 20 November 2022)" + "text": "President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup); First Vice President Teodoro Nguema OBIANG Mangue (since 20 November 2022)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Manuela ROKA Botey (since 1 February 2023); First Deputy Prime Minister Clemente Engonga NGUEMA Onguene (since 23 June 2016); Second Deputy Prime Minister Angel MESIE Mibuy (since 5 February 2018); Third Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso Nsue MOKUY (since 23 June 2016)" @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%" + "text": "2022: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -531,24 +531,24 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice - who is also chief of state - and 9 judges  organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)" + "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the President of the Supreme Court and nine judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies; note - judges subject to dismissal by the president at any time" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies; note - judges subject to dismissal by the president at any time" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]
Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)
National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]
National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]
National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]
Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]
Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD)[Buenaventura MONSUY ASUMU]" + "text": "Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE Mehenga]
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO and Jeronimo OSA OSA Ecoro ]
Liberal Democratic Convention or CLD [Alfonso Nsue MOKUY]
Liberal Party or PL [Salvador NGUEMA MANGUE]
National Congress of Equatorial Guinea (CNGE) [Agustin MASOKO Abegue]
National Democratic Party (PNDGE) [Celestino MBOMIO AKIEME]
National Democratic Union or UDENA [Deogracias Dueberibe EDU]
National Union for Democracy PUNDGE [vacant]
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Edouardo MBA BACALE]
Popular Union or UP [Alfredo Mitogo MITOGO ADE]
Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Francisco Mba OLO BAHAMONDE]
Social and Popular Convergence Party or CSDP [Deogracias KUNG NSUE]
Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD) [Buenaventura MONSUY ASUMU]
Social Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea or PSDGE [Marcos NZE MABALE]
Social Democratic Union or UDS [Miguel MBA NZANG]
Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea [Jusus Pablo OYONO]
" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Miguel Ntutumu EVUNA Andeme (since 23 February 2015)" + "text": "Ambassador Dr. Crisantos OBAMA ONDO (since 19 October 2023" }, "chancery": { "text": "2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ "text": "
info@egembassydc.com

https://www.egembassydc.com/" }, "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "Houston" + "text": "Houston, New York" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index f98dcada..ad72246e 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF): Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force); Hizbawi Serawit (aka People's Army or People's Militia) (2023)", + "text": "Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF): Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force); People's Militia (aka People's Army or Hizbawi Serawit) (2023)", "note": "note: police are responsible for maintaining internal security, but the government sometimes used the armed forces, reserves, demobilized soldiers, or civilian militia to meet domestic as well as external security requirements; the armed forces have authority to arrest and detain civilians" }, "Military expenditures": { diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 32d8c6c0..c314af65 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia.

The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. He subsequently won every presidential election until 2016, when he lost to Adama BARROW, who headed an opposition coalition during free and fair elections. BARROW won reelection in December 2021. The Gambia is the only member of the Economic Community of West African States that does not have presidential term limits. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported military education and training programs, capacity building, and democracy-strengthening activities.


 

 

" + "text": "

In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia.

The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. He subsequently won every presidential election until 2016, when he lost to Adama BARROW, who headed an opposition coalition during free and fair elections. BARROW won reelection in December 2021. The Gambia is the only member of the Economic Community of West African States that does not have presidential term limits. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported democracy-strengthening activities, capacity building, economic development, and security sector education and training programs. 


 

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -546,10 +546,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2022); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2022); Vice President Muhammed B.S. JALLOW (24 February 2023; note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2022); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019)" + "text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2022); Vice President Muhammed B.S. JALLOW (24 February 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Fabakary JATTA]
Coalition 2016 [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes UDP, PDOIS, NRP, GMC, GDC, PPP, and GPDP)
Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mama KANDEH]
Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]
Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Sarja JARJOU]
National Convention Party or NCP [Yaya  SANYANG and Majanko SAMUSA (both claiming leadership)]
National Democratic Action Movement or NDAM [Lamin Yaa JUARA]
National People's Party or NPP [Adama BARROW]
National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]
People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]
People's Progressive Party or PPP [Yaya CEESAY)]
United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]" + "text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Fabakary JATTA]
Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mama KANDEH]
Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]
National People's Party or NPP [Adama BARROW]
People's Progressive Party or PPP [Yaya CEESAY)]
United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Gambian Armed Forces (GAF; aka Armed Forces of the Gambia): the Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambia Navy, Gambia Air Force, Republican National Guard (2023)", + "text": "Gambian Armed Forces (GAF; aka Armed Forces of the Gambia): the Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambia Navy, Gambia Air Force, Republican National Guard (2024)", "note": "note: the National Guard is responsible for VIP protection, riot control, and presidential security; the Gambia Police Force under the Ministry of Interior maintains internal security" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ "text": "the GAF has a limited and obsolescent or secondhand equipment inventory originating from several suppliers, including China, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (18-22 for officers); no conscription; service obligation six months (2023)" + "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (18-22 for officers); no conscription; service obligation six months (2024)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Gambian security forces have a history of involvement in domestic politics, including multiple coups attempts and mutinies, with the latest being an attempted coup in 2022; since 2017, Gambia’s security sector has been undergoing reforms as part of a national reconstruction effort to recover from the 22 years of Yahya JAMMEH’s autocratic rule under which the security forces were severely under-resourced in terms of finances and equipment and were largely directed towards regime protection and suppressing dissent; international partners, including member states of the EU, particularly France and Germany, Turkey, and the US have provided support to military and police reforms; several members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have also provided security forces for stability, as well as assistance and training through the ECOWAS Mission in the Gambia (ECOMIG); as of 2023, ECOMIG continued to provide about 1,000 military and gendarmerie personnel from Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal

the GAF is a lightly armed force with about five small infantry battalions, a handful of coastal patrol boats, and a few aircraft; in addition to external defense, the responsibilities of the GAF include providing maritime security, countering human trafficking, aiding civil authorities in emergencies and natural disaster relief, and engaging in activities such as engineering, education, health, and agriculture for domestic socio-economic development; the GAF also participates in peacekeeping missions, and since its first deployments in the 1990s, has been involved in more than 10 UN peacekeeping missions while contributing about 4,000 total troops 

the GAF traces its origins to the Gambia Regiment of the British Army; established in 1901, the Gambia Regiment was part of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF, later Royal West African Frontier Force or RWAFF) and served in both World Wars, including the British 1944-45 military campaign in Burma; the Gambia Regiment was disbanded in 1958 and replaced by the Field Force, a police paramilitary unit; the Field Force was responsible for The Gambia’s security until the establishment of the GAF in 1985; in addition, a defense agreement signed in 1965 between The Gambia and Senegal provided mutual assistance in the face of an external threat; from 1981-1989, The Gambia and Senegal formed a Confederal Army that was made up of troops from both countries (2023)" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 0354957f..7395a324 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 1a5bca51..bbed8d0f 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index f155a8d8..6e25a66e 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index bbae2db4..4fa68a04 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index 3dd39695..5661d04b 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, Rift Valley fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 68910b23..eba03ed9 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ "text": "18-35 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the AFL is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities if called upon, such as humanitarian assistance during natural disasters and support to law enforcement; it is a small, lightly equipped force comprised of 2 combat infantry battalions and supporting units; the infantry battalions were rebuilt with US assistance in 2007-2008 from the restructured AFL following the end of the second civil war in 2003 when military and police forces were disbanded and approximately 100,000 military, police, and rebel combatants were disarmed

the first militia unit established for defense of the colony was raised in 1832; the AFL traces its origins to the 1908 establishment of the Liberia Frontier Force, which became the Liberian National Guard in 1965; the AFL was established in 1970

the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was established in 2003 as a peacekeeping force; at its height, UNMIL was comprised of about 15,000 personnel, including more than 3,000 troops absorbed from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) peacekeeping mission; Liberian forces reassumed full control of the country’s security in June of 2016, and the UNMIL mission was ended in 2018 (2023)" + "text": "the AFL is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities if called upon, such as humanitarian assistance during natural disasters and support to law enforcement; it is a small, lightly equipped force comprised of two combat infantry battalions and supporting units; the infantry battalions were rebuilt with US assistance in 2007-2008 from the restructured AFL following the end of the second civil war in 2003 when military and police forces were disbanded and approximately 100,000 military, police, and rebel combatants were disarmed

the first militia unit established for defense of the colony was raised in 1832; the AFL traces its origins to the 1908 establishment of the Liberia Frontier Force, which became the Liberian National Guard in 1965; the AFL was established in 1970

the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was established in 2003 as a peacekeeping force; at its height, UNMIL was comprised of about 15,000 personnel, including more than 3,000 troops absorbed from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) peacekeeping mission; Liberian forces reassumed full control of the country’s security in June of 2016, and the UNMIL mission was ended in 2018 (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 7dd1bbe8..1a939d2a 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for both men and women (women can serve in combat arms); no conscription (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was subsequently renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2023)" + "text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 36394eff..7e3079f4 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ "text": "not available" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Turkey has provided military advisers to trained and assist western/GNU Libyan forces and thousands of Syrian mercenaries to Libya, as well as ammunition, weapons, and aerial drones; Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt have been the main supporters of the LNA; Russia has provided as many as 2,000 private military contractors; the LNA has also used fighters from other countries, including Chad, Sudan, and Syria; GNU and LNA forces are separated by a fortified line of control running roughly from the coastal city of Sirte south to the vicinity of Al Jufra and Brak (2023)" + "text": "Turkey has provided military advisers to train and assist western/GNU Libyan forces and sent thousands of Syrian mercenaries to Libya, as well as ammunition, weapons, and aerial drones; Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt have been the main supporters of the LNA; Russia has provided as many as 2,000 private military contractors; the LNA has also used fighters from other countries, including Chad, Sudan, and Syria; GNU and LNA forces are separated by a fortified line of control running roughly from the coastal city of Sirte south to the vicinity of Al Jufra and Brak (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index e883cd83..bdd7391a 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "31,640 km (2018)" + "text": "31,640 km (2017)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 0f52cae1..2231f099 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ "text": "750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)  (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the MDF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is also tasked as necessary with providing support to civilian authorities during emergencies, supporting the Police Service, protecting national forest reserves, and participating in regional peacekeeping missions, as well as assisting with infrastructure development; it is generally considered to be a professional and effective service, although most of its equipment is aging and obsolescent; Malawi contributes regularly to African Union and UN peace support operations; the Army is the dominant service and has 3 infantry brigades while its subordinate maritime force has a few patrol boats for monitoring Lake Malawi

the MDF was established in 1964 from elements of the Kings African Rifles (KAR), a British colonial regiment raised from Great Britain's various possessions in East Africa from 1902 until independence in the 1960s; the KAR conducted both military and internal security functions within the colonial territories, and served outside the territories during the World Wars (2023)" + "text": "the MDF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is also tasked as necessary with providing support to civilian authorities during emergencies, supporting the Police Service, protecting national forest reserves, and participating in regional peacekeeping missions, as well as assisting with infrastructure development; it is generally considered to be a professional and effective service, although most of its equipment is aging and obsolescent; Malawi contributes regularly to African Union and UN peace support operations; the Army is the dominant service and has three infantry brigades while its subordinate maritime force has a few patrol boats for monitoring Lake Malawi

the MDF was established in 1964 from elements of the Kings African Rifles (KAR), a British colonial regiment raised from Great Britain's various possessions in East Africa from 1902 until independence in the 1960s; the KAR conducted both military and internal security functions within the colonial territories, and served outside the territories during the World Wars (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 90c4b8f8..aca7fdae 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 3d5334bd..c777dc92 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ "text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 925 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Royal Armed Forces (FAR) are responsible for defending Morocco’s territorial integrity; key areas of concern for the FAR include regional challenges such as the Polisario Front in Western Sahara and Algeria; Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the territory that it controls; the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), an organization that seeks the territory’s independence, disputes Morocco’s claim of sovereignty over the territory; Moroccan and Polisario forces fought intermittently from 1975, when Spain relinquished colonial authority over the territory, until a 1991 cease-fire and the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission; the Polisario withdrew from the cease-fire in November 2020, and since then there have been reports of intermittent indirect fire between the FAR and Polisario fighters across the 2,500-kilometer-long berm built in 1987 that separates the two sides; Algeria is considered a regional rival and has openly backed the Polisario Front

the FAR is a professional military and has experience in counterinsurgency, desert warfare, and international peacekeeping and security operations; it participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises and has relations with a variety of partners including the militaries of France, Spain, and the US, as well as NATO, the Arab League, and the African Union; the FAR provided fighter aircraft to the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen from 2015-2019; Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Royal Army has considerable artillery, armored, mechanized infantry, and motorized infantry forces formed as brigades, regiments, and independent battalions that are mostly deployed in two geographic commands focused on Western Sahara in the south and Algeria in the east and north; its armored forces include some 400 modern US-made tanks purchased since 2012; the Army also has brigades of airborne and security troops; the Navy's warships include about 6 frigates and more than 20 offshore patrol craft of varying size and capabilities; it also has a small force of naval infantry; the Air Force has approximately 100 French- and US-made combat aircraft
 
the FAR was created in May 1956; large numbers of Moroccans were recruited for service in the Spahi and Tirailleur regiments of the French Army of Africa during the period of the French protectorate (1912-1956); many Moroccans fought under the French Army during both World Wars; after World War II, Moroccans formed part of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps during the First Indochina War (1946-1954); the Spanish Army recruited Moroccans from the Spanish Protectorate during both the Rif War (1921-26) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2022 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with personnel and air and ground assets (2023)" + "text": "the Royal Armed Forces (FAR) are responsible for defending Morocco’s territorial integrity; key areas of concern for the FAR include regional challenges such as the Polisario Front in Western Sahara and Algeria; Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the territory that it controls; the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), an organization that seeks the territory’s independence, disputes Morocco’s claim of sovereignty over the territory; Moroccan and Polisario forces fought intermittently from 1975, when Spain relinquished colonial authority over the territory, until a 1991 cease-fire and the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission; the Polisario withdrew from the cease-fire in November 2020, and since then there have been reports of intermittent indirect fire between the FAR and Polisario fighters across the 2,500-kilometer-long berm built in 1987 that separates the two sides; Algeria is considered a regional rival and has openly backed the Polisario Front

the FAR has experience in counterinsurgency, desert warfare, and international peacekeeping and security operations; it participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises and has relations with a variety of partners including the militaries of France, Spain, and the US, as well as NATO, the Arab League, and the African Union; the FAR provided fighter aircraft to the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen from 2015-2019; Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Royal Army has considerable artillery, armored, mechanized infantry, and motorized infantry forces formed as brigades, regiments, and independent battalions that are mostly deployed in two geographic commands focused on Western Sahara in the south and Algeria in the east and north; its armored forces include some 400 modern US-made tanks purchased since 2012; the Army also has brigades of airborne and security troops; the Navy's warships include about six frigates and more than 20 offshore patrol craft of varying size and capabilities; it also has a small force of naval infantry; the Air Force has approximately 100 French- and US-made combat aircraft
 
the FAR was created in May 1956; large numbers of Moroccans were recruited for service in the Spahi and Tirailleur regiments of the French Army of Africa during the period of the French protectorate (1912-1956); many Moroccans fought under the French Army during both World Wars; after World War II, Moroccans formed part of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps during the First Indochina War (1946-1954); the Spanish Army recruited Moroccans from the Spanish Protectorate during both the Rif War (1921-26) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but continues to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with personnel and air and ground assets (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 372ed6bf..577e53b0 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ "text": "450 (plus about 320 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "founded in 1960, the Mauritanian military is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; it also assists in economic development projects, humanitarian missions, and disaster response; securing the border and countering terrorist groups operating in the Sahel, particularly from Mali, are key operational priorities; since a spate of deadly terrorist attacks on civilian and military targets in the 2005-2011 timeframe, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget (up 40% between 2008 and 2018) and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military’s counterinsurgency and counterterrorism forces and capabilities; equipment acquisitions have prioritized mobility, flexibility, and intelligence collection, including light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, assault helicopters, patrol vessels, light trucks, and surveillance radars; Mauritania has received foreign security assistance from France, NATO, and the US in areas such as commando/special forces operations, counterterrorism, and professional military education

the Army has sought to create lighter, more nimble units capable of operating in the harsh environment of the Sahel; since 2009, for example, it has enhanced existing camel-mounted nomad patrol units and created up to 8 Special Intervention Groups (GSI), 200-man French-trained Army commando/counterterrorism units that are mounted on light vehicles, carry their own supplies, and operate in remote desert border areas for extended periods of time; in addition to the GSI and camel-mounted forces, the Army has multiple motorized infantry battalions, plus individual battalions of tanks, light armored reconnaissance, presidential guards, and airborne/commando forces to supplement garrison units stationed throughout the country in 6 military regions; the Gendarmerie has territorial-based, mobile, and specialized units such rapid reaction forces (Rapid Action Group – Surveillance and Intervention Group or GAR-SI) that conduct counterterrorism missions and work with the regular military services; the Air Force has acquired a few light attack combat aircraft in recent years, but remains small with a total inventory of about 20 patrol, transport, and trainer airplanes and helicopters; in addition to 2 offshore patrol vessels acquired from China in 2016, the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol craft and inshore patrol boats to monitor the country’s 750km-long coastline and Economic Exclusion Zone, plus a unit of marines (Fusiliers Marins); it has conducted joint patrols with the Senegalese Navy along their shared maritime border (2023)" + "text": "founded in 1960, the Mauritanian military is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; it also assists in economic development projects, humanitarian missions, and disaster response; securing the border and countering terrorist groups operating in the Sahel, particularly from Mali, are key operational priorities; since a spate of deadly terrorist attacks on civilian and military targets in the 2005-2011 timeframe, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget (up 40% between 2008 and 2018) and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military’s counterinsurgency and counterterrorism forces and capabilities; equipment acquisitions have prioritized mobility, flexibility, and intelligence collection, including light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, assault helicopters, patrol vessels, light trucks, and surveillance radars; Mauritania has received foreign security assistance from France, NATO, and the US in areas such as commando/special forces operations, counterterrorism, and professional military education

the Army has sought to create lighter, more nimble units capable of operating in the harsh environment of the Sahel; since 2009, for example, it has enhanced existing camel-mounted nomad patrol units and created up to eight Special Intervention Groups (GSI), 200-man French-trained Army commando/counterterrorism units that are mounted on light vehicles, carry their own supplies, and operate in remote desert border areas for extended periods of time; in addition to the GSI and camel-mounted forces, the Army has multiple motorized infantry battalions, plus individual battalions of tanks, light armored reconnaissance, presidential guards, and airborne/commando forces to supplement garrison units stationed throughout the country in six military regions; the Gendarmerie has territorial-based, mobile, and specialized units such rapid reaction forces (Rapid Action Group – Surveillance and Intervention Group or GAR-SI) that conduct counterterrorism missions and work with the regular military services; the Air Force has acquired a few light attack combat aircraft in recent years, but remains small with a total inventory of about 20 patrol, transport, and trainer airplanes and helicopters; in addition to two offshore patrol vessels acquired from China in 2016, the Navy has a small force of coastal and inshore patrol craft and boats to monitor the country’s 750km-long coastline and Economic Exclusion Zone, plus a unit of marines (Fusiliers Marins); it has conducted joint patrols with the Senegalese Navy along their shared maritime border (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index da7b0f97..f260ae02 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces for the Defense of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army (Ramo do Exercito), Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM)

Ministry of Interior: Mozambique National Police (PRM), the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC), Rapid Intervention Unit (UIR; police special forces), Border Security Force; other security forces include the Presidential Guard and the Force for the Protection of High-Level Individuals (2023)", + "text": "Armed Forces for the Defense of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army (Ramo do Exercito), Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM)

Ministry of Interior: Mozambique National Police (PRM), the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC), Rapid Intervention Unit (UIR; police special forces), Border Security Force; other security forces include the Presidential Guard and the Force for the Protection of High-Level Individuals (2024)", "note": "note 1: the FADM and other security forces are referred to collectively as the Defense and Security Forces (DFS)

note 2: the PRM, SERNIC, and the UIR are responsible for law enforcement and internal security; the Border Security Force is responsible for protecting the country’s international borders and for carrying out police duties within 24 miles of borders

note 3: the Presidential Guard provides security for the president, and the Force for the Protection of High-level Individuals provides security for senior-level officials at the national and provincial levels" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 24-month service obligation (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the current primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and the fighting has left over 4,000 estimated dead and nearly 1 million displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency; several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the EU, as well as Rwanda and the US are providing various forms of military assistance; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while some EU member states and the US have provided training assistance

the FADM’s Army is comprised largely of light infantry supplemented by several battalions of artillery and special forces; the Air Force has small numbers of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters

in 2023, the Mozambique Government legalized local militias that have been assisting security forces operating in Cabo Delgado against Islamic militants since 2020; this Local Force is comprised of ex-combatants and other civilians and is to receive training, uniforms, weapons, and logistical support from the FADM (2023)" + "text": "the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the current primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and the fighting has left over 4,000 estimated dead and nearly 1 million displaced;  several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the EU, as well as Rwanda and the US are providing various forms of military assistance to the FADM; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while some EU member states and the US have provided training assistance

the FADM’s Army is comprised largely of light infantry supplemented by several battalions of artillery and special forces; the Air Force has small numbers of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters

in 2023, the Mozambique Government legalized local militias that have been assisting security forces operating in Cabo Delgado against Islamic militants since 2020; this Local Force is comprised of ex-combatants and other civilians and is to receive training, uniforms, weapons, and logistical support from the FADM (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 48efb35d..d6f39a97 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN)

Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (2023)", + "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN)

Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (2024)", "note": "note 1: the Gendarmerie (GN) and the National Guard (GNN) are paramilitary forces; the GN has primary responsibility for rural security while the GNN is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings; the GNN in past years was known as the National Forces of Intervention and Security and the Republican Guard

note 2: the National Police includes the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance, which is charged with border management" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ "text": "note: Niger also has committed about 1,000 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against terrorist groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders

the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram; it conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during the periods of 1990-95 and 2007-09

in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey

the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; it seized control of the government again in 2023 (2023)" + "text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against terrorist groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders

the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G5 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram; it conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during the periods of 1990-95 and 2007-09

in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey

the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; it seized control of the government again in 2023 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 73c75581..a26ca2d4 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -310,10 +310,10 @@ "text": "very high (2023)" }, "food or waterborne diseases": { - "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" + "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1192,13 +1192,13 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "195,000 km (2017)" + "text": "195,000 km (2019)" }, "paved": { - "text": "60,000 km (2017)" + "text": "60,000 km (2019)" }, "unpaved": { - "text": "135,000 km (2017)" + "text": "135,000 km (2019)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN): Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force

Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC), Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (2023)", + "text": "Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN): Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force

Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC), Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (2024)", "note": "note 1: the NSCDC is a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters

note 2: the Office of the National Security Advisor is responsible for coordinating all security and enforcement agencies, including the Department of State Security (DSS), the NSCDC, the Ministry of Justice, and the NPF; border security responsibilities are shared among the NPF, the DSS, the NSCDC, Customs, Immigration, and the Nigerian military

note 3: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ "note": "note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into 8 divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army

the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and a few corvettes or offshore patrol ships

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)" + "text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into eight divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army

the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and a few corvettes or offshore patrol ships

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 7a43b679..16adf225 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -988,13 +988,13 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "90,200 km (2019)" + "text": "90,200 km" }, "paved": { - "text": "300 km (2019)" + "text": "300 km" }, "unpaved": { - "text": "89,900 km (2019)" + "text": "89,900 km (2015)" }, "note": "note: most of the road network is unpaved and much of it is in disrepair; the Juba-Nimule highway connecting Juba to the border with Uganda is the main paved road in South Sudan " }, diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index 802acd24..05895e38 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1056,13 +1056,13 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "4,400 km (2018)" + "text": "4,400 km (2016)" }, "paved": { - "text": "453 km (2018)" + "text": "453 km (2016)" }, "unpaved": { - "text": "3,947 km (2018)" + "text": "3,947 km (2016)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 02a928ab..5fc74d2c 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 0fc5aae1..43ead899 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Black African 81.4%, Coloured 8.2%, White 7.3%, Indian/Asian 2.7%, other 0.4% (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: coloured is a term used in South Africa, including on the national census, for persons of mixed race ancestry who developed a distinct cultural identity over several hundred years" + "note": "note: Coloured is a term used in South Africa, including on the national census, for persons of mixed race ancestry who developed a distinct cultural identity over several hundred years" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi of Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho or Sotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga or Tsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati or Swati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda or Venda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele or Ndebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes South African sign language (official) and Khoi or Khoisan or Khoe languages) 2%; note - data represent language spoken most often at home (2018 est.)" + "text": "isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi or Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho or Sotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga or Tsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati or Swati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda or Venda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele or Ndebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes South African sign language (official) and Khoi or Khoisan or Khoe languages) 2%; note - data represent language spoken most often at home (2018 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Die Wereld Feite Boek, n’ onontbeerlike bron vir basiese informasie. (Afrikaans)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)" @@ -313,6 +313,9 @@ "food or waterborne diseases": { "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, + "vectorborne diseases": { + "text": "sexually transmitted diseases:  HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B (2024)" + }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" } diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index acc15cd3..802faaa5 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single, renewable 5-year term; election last held on 24 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2024)" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single, renewable 5-year term; election last held on 24 February 2019 (next to be held on 15 December 2024)" }, "election results": { "text": "
2019: Macky SALL reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5%

2012: Macky SALL elected president in second round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 34.2% 

" diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 805958ca..cf46472e 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue feve, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis Br (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 0084f8e8..a090f0b2 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, Rift Valley fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "15,000 km (2018)" + "text": "15,000 km (2013)" } }, "Merchant marine": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index d0ccd895..330f544b 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, Rift Valley fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1144,13 +1144,13 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "31,000 km (2019)" + "text": "30,000 km" }, "paved": { - "text": "8,000 km (2019)" + "text": "8,000 km" }, "unpaved": { - "text": "23,000 km (2019)" + "text": "22,000 km" }, "urban": { "text": "1,000 km (2019)" diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index da71bbeb..31240ffb 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 9314b512..32a0ba59 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 9f878f25..81447055 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -1141,8 +1141,14 @@ } }, "Roadways": { + "total": { + "text": "32,332 km" + }, "paved": { - "text": "20,000 km (2015)" + "text": "12,264 km" + }, + "unpaved": { + "text": "20,068 km (2020)" } }, "Merchant marine": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index ee5f1300..8fc97e73 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, Rift Valley fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 63595764..fd466109 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -298,10 +298,10 @@ "text": "very high (2023)" }, "food or waterborne diseases": { - "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" + "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and Trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and Trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness), and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 0be3b45d..945cce04 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever and malaria" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 0bbaec50..5c5457ab 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria" + "text": "malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -555,16 +555,16 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Hage GEINGOB (since 21 March 2015); Vice President Nangolo MBUMBA (since 8 February 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "Acting President Nangolo MBUMBA (since 4 February 2024); Acting Vice President Netumbo NANDI-NDAITWAHNOTE (since 4 February 2024); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; President Hage GEINGOB died on 4 February 2024, and Vice President MBUMBA was sworn in to run the government until the next presidential election in November 2024" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Hage GEINGOB (since 21 March 2015); Vice President Nangolo MBUMBA (since 8 February 2018); Prime Minister Saara KUUGONGELWA-AMADHILA (since 21 March 2015); note - the Prime Minister is appointed by the president to coordinate the work of the cabinet, advise the president, and is second in line of succession if the president is unable to serve.    

 

" + "text": "Acting President Nangolo MBUMBA (since 4 February 2024); Acting Vice President Netumbo NANDI-NDAITWAHNOTE (since 4 February 2024); Prime Minister Saara KUUGONGELWA-AMADHILA (since 21 March 2015); note - the prime minister is appointed by the president to coordinate the work of the cabinet, advise the president, and is second in line of succession if the president is unable to serve; note - President Hage GEINGOB died on 4 February 2024, and the Vice President MBUMBA was sworn in to run the government until the next presidential election in November 2024

 

" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 November 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 November 2019 (next to be held in November 2024)" }, "election results": { "text": "
2019: Hage GEINGOB reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Hage GEINGOB (SWAPO) 56.3%, Panduleni ITULA (independent) 29.4%, McHenry VENAANI (PDM) 5.3%, other .9%

2014: Hage GEINGOB elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Hage GEINGOB (SWAPO) 86.7%, McHenry VENAANI (DTA) 5%, Hidipo HAMUTENYA (RDP) 3.4%, Asser MBAI (NUDO)1.9%, Henk MUDGE (RP) 1%, other 2%

" @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2018, women comprised more than 20% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the NDF’s primary responsibility is external security; it has participated in UN and regional peacekeeping and security missions and provides assistance to civil authorities as needed; it is a small and professional force that participates in multinational training exercises; the Army fields a largely mobile force centered on 3 small motorized infantry brigades and a reconnaissance regiment; the Navy has a Chinese-built multipurpose offshore patrol ship equipped with a helicopter landing platform and supported by several coastal patrol vessels, while the Air Force has a small inventory of aircraft, including a few Chinese-made fighters and Soviet-era attack helicopters 

the NDF was created in 1990, largely from demobilized former members of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and the South West Africa Territorial Force (SWATF); PLAN was the armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), while SWATF was an auxiliary of the South African Defense Force and comprised the armed forces of the former South West Africa, 1977-1989; from 1990-1995, the British military assisted with the forming and training the NDF (2023)" + "text": "the NDF’s primary responsibility is external security; it has participated in UN and regional peacekeeping and security missions and provides assistance to civil authorities as needed; it participates in multinational training exercises; the Army fields a largely mobile force centered on three small motorized infantry brigades and a reconnaissance regiment; the Navy has a Chinese-built multipurpose offshore patrol ship equipped with a helicopter landing platform and supported by several coastal patrol vessels, while the Air Force has a small inventory of aircraft, including a few Chinese-made fighters and Soviet-era attack helicopters 

the NDF was created in 1990, largely from demobilized former members of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and the South West Africa Territorial Force (SWATF); PLAN was the armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), while SWATF was an auxiliary of the South African Defense Force and comprised the armed forces of the former South West Africa, 1977-1989; from 1990-1995, the British military assisted with the forming and training the NDF (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index 242f9be0..e64e2c46 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria" + "text": "sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/ADIS, hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index e7501306..498f13f5 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -1152,13 +1152,13 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "67,671 km (2018)" + "text": "67,671 km" }, "paved": { - "text": "14,888 km (2018)" + "text": "10,150 km" }, "unpaved": { - "text": "52,783 km (2018)" + "text": "57,520 km (2021)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 21463412..ac0ed567 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "malaria and dengue fever" + "text": "malaria, dengue fever, and sexually transmitted diseases: HIV/AIDS (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -583,10 +583,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 18 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)

National Assembly (280 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote and 10 additional seats reserved for candidates aged between 21 and 35 directly elected by proportional representation, members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "

Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028)

National Assembly - last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028) note: a by election was held on 11 November 2023 due to the death of a candidate during the August general election; a special by election was held on 9 December 2023 after nine opposition lawmakers were removed from their seats and disqualified from running again; another by election is set for 3 February 2024 

" + "text": "

Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028)

National Assembly - last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028) note: a by election was held on 11 November 2023 due to the death of a candidate during the August general election; a special by election was held on 9 December 2023 after nine opposition lawmakers were removed from their seats and disqualified from running again; another by election was held 3 February 2024 for six open seats

" }, "election results": { - "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition - men 44, women 36, percent of women 45%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 177, CCC-93; composition - men 194, women 86, percent of women 30.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%

" + "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition - men 44, women 36, percent of women 45%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 190, CCC-93; composition - men 194, women 86, percent of women 30.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%

" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Citizens Coalition for Change [vacant] 
Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T [Douglas MWONZORA]
National People's Congress- NPC- [Wilbert MUBAIWA] 
Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA]
Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Michael NKOMO]" + "text": "Citizens Coalition for Change (vacant) 
Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T [Douglas MWONZORA]
National People's Congress- NPC- [Wilbert MUBAIWA] 
Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA]
Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Michael NKOMO]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -1141,13 +1141,13 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "97,267 km (2019)" + "text": "97,267 km" }, "paved": { - "text": "18,481 km (2019)" + "text": "18,481 km" }, "unpaved": { - "text": "78,786 km (2019)" + "text": "78,786 km (2023)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 7fbf913b..69fad6ff 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "text": "Senate - last held on 21 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 21 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 40.7%, ALP 34.2%, Greens 14.5%, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2.6%, Jacqui Lambee Network 2.6%, United Australia Party 1.3%, independent 3.9%; seats by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 31, ALP 26, Australian Greens 11, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2, Jacqui Lambee Network 2, United Australia Party 1, independent 3; composition - 33 men, 43 women; percentage of women 56.6%

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - ALP 50.9%, Coalition 36.4%, 7.9%, 2.6%, others less than 1%; seats by party/coalition - ALP 77, Coalition 55, independent 12, Greens 4, Katter's 1, Center Alliance 1; composition as of January 2024: 93 men, 57 women; percentage of women 38% (note - one seat will be filled after a by-election on 2 March 2024)" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 40.7%, ALP 34.2%, Greens 14.5%, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2.6%, Jacqui Lambee Network 2.6%, United Australia Party 1.3%, independent 3.9%; seats by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 31, ALP 26, Australian Greens 11, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2, Jacqui Lambee Network 2, United Australia Party 1, independent 3; composition - 33 men, 43 women; percentage of women 56.6%

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - ALP 50.9%, Coalition 36.4%, 7.9%, 2.6%, others less than 1%; seats by party/coalition - ALP 77, Coalition 55, independent 12, Greens 4, Katter's 1, Center Alliance 1; composition as of January 2024 - 93 men, 57 women; percentage of women 38% (note - one seat will be filled after a by-election on 2 March 2024)" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 614bd103..0f918508 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of New Caledonia elected by Territorial Congress for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 8 July 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2021: Louis MAPOU (PALIKA) elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 of 11 votes

2019: Thieryy SANTA (The Republicans) elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 of 11 votes" + "text": "
2021: Louis MAPOU (PALIKA) elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 of 11 votes

2019: Thierry SANTA (The Republicans) elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 of 11 votes" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; France bases land, air, and naval forces on New Caledonia (Forces Armées de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, FANC)" + "text": "no regular military forces; France bases land, air, and naval forces on New Caledonia (Forces Armées de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, FANC) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of France" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index d79916a4..cd8830da 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -1046,13 +1046,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "1,070 km (2000)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "256 km (2000)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "814 km (2000)" + "text": "2,958 km (2023)" } }, "Merchant marine": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 3ec9428d..34f4aef4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ "text": "no regular military forces; the police force, under the Minister for Police and Emergency Services, maintains internal security and, as necessary, external security (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Nauru has a \"shiprider\" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Nauru's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; \"shiprider\" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2023)" + "text": "under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Nauru has a \"shiprider\" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Nauru's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; \"shiprider\" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index f81f29d4..daaca4c8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ "text": "up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the NZDF is a small and professional military with considerable overseas experience; it supports the country’s national security objectives by protecting New Zealand’s sovereignty, promoting its interests, safeguarding peace and security, and conducting peacekeeping, humanitarian, and other international missions; the Army’s primary combat units are an infantry brigade and a special forces regiment; the Navy has a small force of frigates and patrol vessels, while the Air Force has squadrons of maritime patrol, anti-submarine, and anti-surface warfare aircraft 

New Zealand is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily

New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s; New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the NZDF is a small military with considerable overseas experience; it supports the country’s national security objectives by protecting New Zealand’s sovereignty, promoting its interests, safeguarding peace and security, and conducting peacekeeping, humanitarian, and other international missions; the Army’s primary combat units are an infantry brigade and a special forces regiment; the Navy has a small force of frigates and patrol vessels, while the Air Force has squadrons of maritime patrol, anti-submarine, and anti-surface warfare aircraft 

New Zealand is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily

New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s; New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 778bca49..ca359de2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -905,10 +905,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "8 km (2011)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "8 km (2011)" + "text": "16 km (2022)" } }, "Merchant marine": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 20ab6deb..ed759d6b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the chief of state on the advice of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "chief of state indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a 5-year term (2-term limit); election last held on 23 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state, approved by the Legislative Assembly" + "text": "chief of state indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a 5-year term (2-term limit); election last held on 23 August 2022 (next to be held in 2026); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state, approved by the Legislative Assembly" }, "election results": { "text": "TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi II (independent) unanimously reelected by the Legislative Assembly" @@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Samoa Police Force (Ministry of Police, Prisons, and Correction Services) (2023)" + "text": "no regular military forces; Samoa Police Force (Ministry of Police, Prisons, and Correction Services) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "informal defense ties exist with New Zealand, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

Samoa has a \"shiprider\" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Somoa's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; \"shiprider\" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2023)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 2644814f..3e3c9fe3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers elected by the Legislature (Staten)" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year term; election last held on 25 June 2021 (next to be held by June 2026)" + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year term; election last held on 25 June 2021 (next to be held by June 2025)" }, "election results": { "text": "as leader of the majority party of the ruling coalition, Evelyn WEVER-CROES (MEP) elected prime minister; percent of Staten vote - NA" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index bc689f6c..bb688c96 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 4 February 2022 (next appointments in February 2027)
House of Assembly - last held on 19 January 2022 (next to be held in January 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition as of January 2024 - men 13, women 8, percent of women 38.1%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition as of August 2023 - men 22, women 8, percent of women 26.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32.7%" + "text": "
Senate - appointed: BLP 12, independent 9; composition as of January 2024 - men 13, women 8, percent of women 38.1%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition as of August 2023 - men 22, women 8, percent of women 26.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32.7%" }, "note": "note: tradition dictates that the next election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 896ce679..d3bae2d4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -468,10 +468,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor-general - 9 selected on the advice of the prime minister, 4 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party, and 3 on the advice of the prime minister in consultation with the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 24 May 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)" + "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 7 October 2021 (next appointments by 31 October 2026)
House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition as of August 2023 - men 12, women 4, percent of women 25%

House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition as of August 2023 - men 32, women 7, percent of women 18%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%" + "text": "
Senate - appointed: PLP 12, FNM 4; composition as of August 2023 - men 12, women 4, percent of women 25%

House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition as of August 2023 - men 32, women 7, percent of women 18%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%" }, "note": "note: the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 23db28da..57d06b41 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Acting President Claudia Juana RODRÍGUEZ de Guevara (since 1 December 2023); note - parliament granted a six-month leave of absence to President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez and Vice President Félix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (to allow them to participate in the 4 February 2024 presidential election) and approved the appointment of Claudia Juana RODRÍGUEZ de Guevara as acting president from 1 December 2023 to 1 June 2024" + "text": "Acting President Claudia Juana RODRÍGUEZ de Guevara (since 1 December 2023); note - parliament granted a six-month leave of absence to President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez and Vice President Félix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (to allow them to participate in the 4 February 2024 presidential election) and approved the appointment of Claudia Juana RODRÍGUEZ de Guevara as acting president from 1 December 2023 to 1 June 2024, when election winner Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez will be sworn in for a second term" }, "head of government": { "text": "Acting President Claudia Juana RODRÍGUEZ de Guevara (since 1 December 2023)" @@ -549,10 +549,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 5-year term; election last held on 3 February 2019 (next to be held on 4 February 2024)" + "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2019: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez elected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (GANA) 53.1%, Carlos CALLEJA Hakker (ARENA) 31.72%, Hugo MARTINEZ (FMLN) 14.41%, other 0.77%

2014: Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (FMLN) 48.9%, Norman QUIJANO (ARENA) 39%, Antonio SACA (CN) 11.4%, other 0.7%; percent of vote in second round - Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN 50.1%, Norman QUIJANO 49.9%" + "text": "2024: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez reelected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (Nuevas Ideas) 83.1%, Manuel FLORES (FMLN) 7%, Joel SANCHEZ (ARENA) 6.2%, Luis PARADA (NT) 2.3%, other 1.5% (preliminary results with 70% of votes counted) 

2019: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez elected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (GANA) 53.1%, Carlos CALLEJA Hakker (ARENA) 31.7%, Hugo MARTINEZ (FMLN) 14.4%, other 0.8%" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 13bdd8af..0c12950c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Defense Force (ceremonial, civil defense duties), Montserrat Police Force" + "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Defense Force (ceremonial, civil defense duties), Montserrat Police Force (2024)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index ea0cd026..71b9cf36 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -1136,8 +1136,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Nicaragua (formal name is Army of Nicaragua or Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Aérea) (2023)", - "note": "note: both the military and the Nicaraguan National Police (Policía Nacional de Nicaragua or PNN) report directly to the president; Parapolice, which are nonuniformed, armed, and masked units with marginal tactical training and loose hierarchical organization, act in coordination with government security forces and report directly to the National Police; they have been used to suppress anti-government protesters" + "text": "Armed Forces of Nicaragua (formal name is Army of Nicaragua or Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Aérea) (2024)", + "note": "note: both the military and the Nicaraguan National Police (Policía Nacional de Nicaragua or PNN) report directly to the president; Parapolice, which are non-uniformed, armed, and masked units with marginal tactical training and loose hierarchical organization, act in coordination with government security forces and report directly to the National Police; they have been used to suppress anti-government protesters" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military is responsible for defending Nicaragua’s independence, sovereignty, and territory, but also has some domestic security responsibilities; key tasks include border security, assisting the police, protecting natural resources, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian assistance; it has ties with the militaries of Cuba, Venezuela, and Russia; Russia has provided training support and equipment 

the military’s Land Forces have a mechanized brigade and approximately 8 regional commands or detachments, each with 1 or more light infantry battalions; there is also a small special operations command; the Naval Forces operate patrol boats and have a naval infantry battalion; the Air Forces do not possess any combat aircraft 

the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2023)" + "text": "the military is responsible for defending Nicaragua’s independence, sovereignty, and territory, but also has some domestic security responsibilities; key tasks include border security, assisting the police, protecting natural resources, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian assistance; it has ties with the militaries of Cuba, Venezuela, and Russia; Russia has provided training support and equipment 

the military’s Land Forces have a mechanized brigade and approximately eight regional commands or detachments, each with one or more light infantry battalions; there is also a small special operations command; the Naval Forces operate patrol boats and have a naval infantry battalion; the Air Forces do not possess any combat aircraft 

the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2024)" } }, "Space": { @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled, rather, that the Gulf of Fonseca represents a condominium, with control being shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so

Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Nicaragua and Costa Rica regularly file border dispute cases with the ICJ over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island, virtually uninhabited areas claimed by both countries; there is an ongoing case in the ICJ to determine Pacific and Atlantic ocean maritime borders as well as land borders; in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region; in 2018, the ICJ ruled that Nicaragua must remove a military base from a contested coastal area near the San Juan River, and that Costa Rica had sovereignty over the northern part of Isla Portillos, including the coast, but excluding Harbour Head Lagoon; additionally, Honduras was required to pay reparations for environmental damage to part of the wetlands at the mouth of the San Juan River

Nicaragua-Colombia: Nicaragua filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of September 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling

Nicaragua-Honduras: none identified

" + "text": "

Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled, rather, that the Gulf of Fonseca represents a condominium, with control being shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so

Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Nicaragua and Costa Rica regularly file border dispute cases with the ICJ over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island, virtually uninhabited areas claimed by both countries; there is an ongoing case in the ICJ to determine Pacific and Atlantic ocean maritime borders as well as land borders; in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region; in 2018, the ICJ ruled that Nicaragua must remove a military base from a contested coastal area near the San Juan River, and that Costa Rica had sovereignty over the northern part of Isla Portillos, including the coast, but excluding Harbour Head Lagoon; additionally, Honduras was required to pay reparations for environmental damage to part of the wetlands at the mouth of the San Juan River

Nicaragua-Colombia: Nicaragua filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of September 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling

 

" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 594adba2..7e2ce840 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work

" + "text": "migrants from the Dominican Republic and Haiti attempt to cross the treacherous 148-km-wide (92 mile) Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index c945ea07..51a773e1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "16,000 (2021 est.)" + "text": "15,700 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "33 (2021 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index ea27b075..ab1bbcd7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ "text": "last held on 24 April 2023 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PVIM 34.2%, VIP 31.9%, NDP 26.1%, PU 8%; seats by party - VIP 6, NDP 3, PVIM 3, PU 1" + "text": "percent of vote by party - VIP 39.6%, NDP 29.1, PVIM 15.7%, PU 5%, independents 10.6%; seats by party - VIP 6, NDP 3, PVIM 3, PU 1; note - percentages reflect 9 elected single seat constituents, seat total includes four nationwide at-large elected members" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 1460fc12..4a890396 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ "text": "President Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (since 20 March 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Alikhan SMAILOV (since 11 January 2022); note - Prime Minister Askar MAMIN resigned on 5 January 2022 in the wake of massive protests of his government that began 2 January 2022 following a sudden, steep rise in gasoline prices" + "text": "Prime Minister Olzhas BEKTENOV (since 6 February 2024); note - Alikhan SMAILOV resigned on 5 February 2024" }, "cabinet": { "text": "the president appoints ministers based on the prime minister's recommendations; the president has veto power over all appointments and independently appoints the ministers of defense, internal affairs, and foreign affairs" diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 1a1347a2..9d9e8baa 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ } }, "Natural resources": { - "text": "wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber, note, formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources" + "text": "wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber; note - formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ "text": "President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012); no vice president position" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Premier Mikhail MISHUSTIN (since 16 January 2020); First Deputy Premier Andrey Removich BELOUSOV (since 21 January 2020); Deputy Premiers Yuriy TRUTNEV (since 31 August 2013), Tatiana Alekseyevna GOLIKOVA (since 18 May 2018), Dmitriy Yuriyevich GRIGORENKO, Viktoriya Valeriyevna ABRAMCHENKO, Aleksey Logvinovich OVERCHUK, Marat Shakirzyanovich KHUSNULLIN, Dmitriy Nikolayevich CHERNYSHENKO (all since 21 January 2020), Aleksandr NOVAK (since 10 November 2020), Denis Valentinovich MANTUROV (since 15 July 2022)" + "text": "Premier Mikhail Vladimirovich MISHUSTIN (since 16 January 2020); First Deputy Premier Andrey Removich BELOUSOV (since 21 January 2020); Deputy Premiers Yuriy TRUTNEV (since 31 August 2013), Tatiana Alekseyevna GOLIKOVA (since 18 May 2018), Dmitriy Yuriyevich GRIGORENKO, Viktoriya Valeriyevna ABRAMCHENKO, Aleksey Logvinovich OVERCHUK, Marat Shakirzyanovich KHUSNULLIN, Dmitriy Nikolayevich CHERNYSHENKO (all since 21 January 2020), Aleksandr NOVAK (since 10 November 2020), Denis Valentinovich MANTUROV (since 15 July 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "the \"Government\" is composed of the premier, his deputies, and ministers, all appointed by the president; the premier is also confirmed by the Duma" @@ -719,15 +719,15 @@ "text": "natural resource-rich Eurasian economy; leading energy exporter to Europe and Asia; decreased oil export reliance; endemic corruption, Ukrainian invasion, and lack of green infrastructure limit investment and have led to sanctions" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$4.027 trillion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$4.078 trillion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$3.893 trillion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -742,15 +742,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$27,500 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$28,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$26,600 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$27,300 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -909,35 +909,37 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$631.551 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$550.035 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$550.035 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$381.49 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$381.49 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$481.686 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "China 14%, Netherlands 10%, Belarus 5%, Germany 5% (2019)" + "text": "China 15%, Netherlands 8%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5%, Italy 5% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, wheat, iron (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$349.175 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$379.947 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$379.947 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$304.837 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$304.837 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$352.358 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 20%, Germany 13%, Belarus 6% (2019)" + "text": "China 25%, Germany 12%, Belarus 6%, South Korea 4%, Poland 3% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, aircraft, computers (2019)" @@ -1316,8 +1318,8 @@ "note": "note 1: in May 2022, Russia's parliament approved a law removing the upper age limit for contractual service in the military; in November 2022, President Vladimir PUTIN signed a decree allowing dual-national Russians and those with permanent residency status in foreign countries to be drafted into the army for military service

note 2: the Russian military takes on about 260,000 conscripts each year in two semi-annual drafts (Spring and Fall); as of 2021, conscripts comprised an estimated 30% of the Russian military's active duty personnel and most reserve personnel were former conscripts; in April of 2019, the Russian Government pledged its intent to end conscription as part of a decade-long effort to shift from a large, conscript-based military to a smaller, more professional force; an existing law allows for a 21-month alternative civil service for conscripts in hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities for those who view military duty as incompatible with their beliefs, but military conscription offices reportedly often broadly ignore requests for such service

note 3: as of 2020, women made up about 5% of the active-duty military

note 4: since 2015, foreigners 18-30 with a good command of Russian have been allowed to join the military on 5-year contracts and become eligible for Russian citizenship after serving 3 years; in October 2022, the Interior Ministry opened up recruitment centers for foreigners to sign a 1-year service contract with the armed forces, other troops, or military formations participating in the invasion of Ukraine with the promise of simplifying the process of obtaining Russian citizenship" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "information varies; approximately 3,000 Armenia; approximately 2,000 Armenia/Azerbaijan (peacekeepers for Nagorno-Karabakh); up to 5,000 Belarus; up to 10,000 Georgia; approximately 500 Kyrgyzstan; approximately 1,500 Moldova (Transnistria); estimated 2,000-5,000 Syria; approximately 3-5,000 Tajikistan (2023)", - "note": "note 1: in February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine with an estimated 150,000 troops; prior to the invasion, it maintained an estimated 30,000 troops in areas of Ukraine occupied since 2014; in 2023, the Russian Government claimed to have over 650,000 troops in occupied Ukraine

note 2: as of 2023, Russia was assessed to have about 3,000-5,000 private military contractors conducting military and security operations in Africa and the Middle East, including in the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Sudan, and Syria" + "text": "information varies and may not reflect troops transferred to support Russian military operations in Ukraine; approximately 3,000 Armenia; approximately 2,000 Armenia/Azerbaijan (peacekeepers for Nagorno-Karabakh); up to 5,000 Belarus; up to 10,000 Georgia; approximately 500 Kyrgyzstan; approximately 1,500 Moldova (Transnistria); estimated 2,000-5,000 Syria; approximately 3-5,000 Tajikistan (2023)", + "note": "note 1: in February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine with an estimated 150,000 troops, some of which were staged out of Belarus; prior to the invasion, it maintained an estimated 30,000 troops in areas of Ukraine occupied since 2014; in 2023, the Russian Government claimed to have over 650,000 troops in occupied Ukraine

note 2: as of 2023, Russia was assessed to have about 3,000-5,000 private military contractors conducting military and security operations in Africa and the Middle East, including in the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Sudan, and Syria" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Russian military is a mixed force of conscripts and professionals (contract servicemen) that is capable of conducting the full range of air, land, maritime, and strategic missile operations; it is also active in the areas of cyber warfare, electronic warfare, and space; in addition to protecting Russia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, the military supports Moscow’s national security objectives, which include maintaining and projecting influence and power outside Russia, particularly in the former Soviet republics, and deterring perceived external threats from the US and NATO; in recent years, the Russian military has conducted combat operations in both Syria and Ukraine; in February 2022, Russia launched an unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and the military, particularly the ground forces, continues to be heavily engaged there in what is the largest war in Europe since World War II ended in 1945; Russia has occupied Ukraine’s province of Crimea and backed separatist forces in the Donbas region of Ukraine since 2014 with arms, equipment, and training, as well as special operations forces and troops, although Moscow denied their presence prior to 2022; Russia intervened in the Syrian civil war at the request of the ASAD government in September 2015 in what was Moscow’s first overseas expeditionary operation since the Soviet era; Russian assistance has included air support, arms and equipment, intelligence, military advisors, private military contractors, special operations forces, and training; it seized the Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in 2008; separately, Russia has provided military personnel and private military contractors to conduct missions in Africa, including in the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, and Sudan 

Russian forces are organized into five military districts and operational/joint strategic commands; the Ground Troops are configured into at least 11 combined arms armies, one tank army, and four army corps, each comprised of a mixture of tank or “motorized rifle” (mechanized or motorized infantry) division and brigade structures supplemented by artillery, tactical missile, and air defense forces; the most capable ground forces are the special forces (Spetsial’noye naznacheniye or Spetsnaz) brigades and Airborne and Air Assault Troops (VDV), which are considered strategic-level assets; the Spetsnaz forces have eight brigades, while the VDV has at least two airborne and two air assault divisions, plus some independent air assault and Spetsnaz brigades

the Navy conducts operations globally and has four fleets (Baltic, Black Sea, Pacific, and Northern), as well as a flotilla in the Caspian Sea; the principal surface warships are an aircraft carrier (under repair until at least 2024), four battlecruisers or cruisers, and over 20 destroyers and frigates; the backbone of the Navy is its submarine force, which has approximately 50-60 nuclear ballistic missile, nuclear cruise missile, nuclear attack-type, and conventional attack submarines; the ballistic missile submarines are an essential arm of Russia’s nuclear triad; the Navy has an aviation force with fighters, multipurpose fighters, and surface attack aircraft, as well as anti-submarine warfare and attack helicopters; it also has coastal defense forces and a ground force of several naval infantry brigades, which have been used as ground troops in Ukraine

the Aerospace Forces include as sub-branches the Air Force, the Air and Missile Defense Forces, and Space Forces; the Air and Air/Missile Defense elements are typically organized into armies, commands, bases, brigades, and regiments; the Air Forces are some of the largest in the world, and prior to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine included nearly 1,500 fighters, multirole fighters, and bombers, as well as nearly 1,500 combat helicopters

the Strategic Rocket Forces have both road-mobile and silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and are organized into three armies with 12 subordinate divisions, each further broken down into regiments

the paramilitary Russian National Guard is organized into regions or districts with subordinate divisions and brigades, which include a mix of security, special purpose, protective, and motorized units, as well as some artillery and aviation forces (2023)" @@ -1344,7 +1346,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries

Russia-China: Russia and China have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes

Russia-Denmark-Norway: Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission

Russia and Estonia: Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; negotiations were reopened in 2012, and a treaty was signed in 2014 without the disputed preamble, but neither country has ratified it as of 2020

Russia-Finland: various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands

Russia-Georgia: Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; in 2011, Russia began to put up fences and barbed wire to fortify South Ossetia, physically dividing villages in the process; Russia continues to move the South Ossetia border fences further into Georgian territory

Russia-Japan: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities

Russia-Kazakhstan: Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005; field demarcation commenced in 2007 and was expected to be completed by 2013

Russia-Lithuania: Russia and Lithuania committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; border demarcation was completed in 2018; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply

Russia-North Korea: none identified

Russia-Norway: Russia and Norway signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, opening the disputed territory for oil and natural gas exploration; a visa-free travel agreement for persons living near the border went into effect in May 2012

Russia-Ukraine: Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia

Russia-US: Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; the southwesterly \"Western Limit\" places about 70% of the Bering Sea under U.S. maritime jurisdiction

Russia-various: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea

 

" + "text": "

Russia-China: Russia and China have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes

Russia-Denmark-Norway: Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission

Russia and Estonia: Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; negotiations were reopened in 2012, and a treaty was signed in 2014 without the disputed preamble, but neither country has ratified it as of 2020

Russia-Finland: various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands

Russia-Georgia: Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; in 2011, Russia began to put up fences and barbed wire to fortify South Ossetia, physically dividing villages in the process; Russia continues to move the South Ossetia border fences further into Georgian territory

Russia-Japan: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities

Russia-Kazakhstan: Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005; field demarcation commenced in 2007 and was expected to be completed by 2013

Russia-Lithuania: Russia and Lithuania committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; border demarcation was completed in 2018; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply

Russia-North Korea: none identified

Russia-Norway: Russia and Norway signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, opening the disputed territory for oil and natural gas exploration; a visa-free travel agreement for persons living near the border went into effect in May 2012

Russia-Ukraine: Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia

Russia-US: Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; the southwesterly \"Western Limit\" places about 70% of the Bering Sea under U.S. maritime jurisdiction

Russia-various: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea

 

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 920a6235..edbbd391 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -1158,13 +1158,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "86,496 km (2000)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "75,511 km (2000)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "10,985 km (2000)" + "text": "225,500 km (2013)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 216a1200..d9dfa60f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Burma, colonized by Britain in the 19th century and granted independence post-World War II, contains ethnic Burman and scores of other ethnic and religious minority groups that have all resisted external efforts to consolidate control of the country throughout its history, extending to the several minority groups today that possess independent fighting forces and control pockets of territory. In 1962, Gen. NE WIN seized power and ruled Burma until 1988 when a new military regime took control. In 1990, the military regime permitted an election but then rejected the results after the main opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and its leader AUNG SAN SUU KYI (ASSK) won in a landslide. The military regime placed ASSK under house arrest for much of the next 20 years, until November 2010. In 2007, rising fuel prices in Burma led pro-democracy activists and Buddhist monks to launch a \"Saffron Revolution\" consisting of large protests against the ruling regime, which violently suppressed the movement by killing an unknown number of participants and arresting thousands. The regime prevented new elections until it had drafted a constitution designed to preserve the military's political control; it passed the new constitution in its 2008 referendum, days after Cyclone Nargis killed at least 138,000. The military regime conducted an election in 2010, but the NLD boycotted the vote, and the military’s political proxy, the Union Solidarity and Development Party, easily won; international observers denounced the election as flawed.

With former or current military officers installed in the government's most senior positions, Burma began a halting process of political and economic reforms. Officials freed prisoners, brokered ceasefires with ethnic armed groups (EAGs), amended courts, expanded civil liberties, brought ASSK into government in 2012, and permitted the NLD in 2015 to take power after a sweeping electoral win. However, Burma’s first credibly elected civilian government, with ASSK as the de facto head of state, faced strong headwinds after five decades of military dictatorship. The NLD government drew international criticism for blocking investigations of Burma’s military for operations, which the US Department of State determined constituted genocide, on its ethnic Rohingya population that killed thousands and forced more than 770,000 to flee into neighboring Bangladesh. The military did not support an NLD pledge in 2019 to examine reforming the military’s 2008 constitution. When the 2020 elections resulted in further NLD gains, the military denounced them as fraudulent. Burma military Commander-in-Chief Sr. General MIN AUNG HLAING launched a coup in February 2021 that returned Burma to authoritarian rule with military crackdowns that undid economic and political reforms and resulted in the detention of ASSK and thousands of pro-democracy actors, as well as widespread armed conflict and economic insecurity.

Since the coup and subsequent military crackdown, members of parliament elected in November 2020 and ousted by the military and other political actors have formed pro-democracy organizations, including the National Unity Government (NUG). Members of the NUG include representatives from the NLD, ethnic minority groups, civil society, and other minor parties. In May 2021, the NUG announced the formation of armed militias called the People's Defense Forces (PDF), and in September that same year announced the start of an insurgency against the military junta after the formation of hundreds of PDF armed groups. As of 2024, PDF groups across the country continue to fight the military regime with varying levels of support from and cooperation with the NUG and antiregime EAGs.

" + "text": "

Burma, colonized by Britain in the 19th century and granted independence post-World War II, contains ethnic Burman and scores of other ethnic and religious minority groups that have all resisted external efforts to consolidate control of the country throughout its history, extending to the several minority groups today that possess independent fighting forces and control pockets of territory. In 1962, Gen. NE WIN seized power and ruled Burma until 1988 when a new military regime took control. In 1990, the military regime permitted an election but then rejected the results after the main opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and its leader AUNG SAN SUU KYI (ASSK) won in a landslide. The military regime placed ASSK under house arrest for much of the next 20 years, until November 2010. In 2007, rising fuel prices in Burma led pro-democracy activists and Buddhist monks to launch a \"Saffron Revolution\" consisting of large protests against the ruling regime, which violently suppressed the movement by killing an unknown number of participants and arresting thousands. The regime prevented new elections until it had drafted a constitution designed to preserve the military's political control; it passed the new constitution in its 2008 referendum, days after Cyclone Nargis killed at least 138,000. The military regime conducted an election in 2010, but the NLD boycotted the vote, and the military’s political proxy, the Union Solidarity and Development Party, easily won; international observers denounced the election as flawed.

With former or current military officers installed in the government's most senior positions, Burma began a halting process of political and economic reforms. Officials freed prisoners, brokered ceasefires with ethnic armed groups (EAGs), amended courts, expanded civil liberties, brought ASSK into government in 2012, and permitted the NLD in 2015 to take power after a sweeping electoral win. However, Burma’s first credibly elected civilian government, with ASSK as the de facto head of state, faced strong headwinds after five decades of military dictatorship. The NLD government drew international criticism for blocking investigations of Burma’s military for operations, which the US Department of State determined constituted genocide, on its ethnic Rohingya population that killed thousands and forced more than 770,000 to flee into neighboring Bangladesh. The military did not support an NLD pledge in 2019 to examine reforming the military’s 2008 constitution. When the 2020 elections resulted in further NLD gains, the military denounced them as fraudulent. Burma military Commander-in-Chief Sr. General MIN AUNG HLAING launched a coup in February 2021 that returned Burma to authoritarian rule with military crackdowns that undid economic and political reforms and resulted in the detention of ASSK and thousands of pro-democracy actors, as well as widespread armed conflict and economic insecurity.

Since the coup and subsequent military crackdown, members of parliament elected in November 2020 and ousted by the military and other political actors have formed pro-democracy organizations, including the National Unity Government (NUG). Members of the NUG include representatives from the NLD, ethnic minority groups, civil society, and other minor parties. In May 2021, the NUG announced the formation of armed militias called the People's Defense Forces (PDF), and in September that same year announced the start of an insurgency against the military junta after the formation of hundreds of PDF armed groups. As of 2024, PDF groups across the country continued to fight the military regime with varying levels of support from and cooperation with the NUG and antiregime EAGs.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet appointments shared by the president and the commander-in-chief; note - after 1 February 2021, the military junta replaced the Cabinet" + "text": "Cabinet appointments shared by the president and the commander-in-chief; note - on 2 February 2021, the military leadership replaced the Cabinet with the State Administrative Council (SAC), which is the official name of the military government in Burma" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "prior to the military takeover in 2021, president was indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the full Assembly of the Union from among 3 vice-presidential candidates nominated by the Presidential Electoral College (consists of members of the lower and upper houses and military members); the other 2 candidates become vice presidents (president elected for a 5-year term); general election last held on 8 November 2020; the military junta has pledged to hold new general elections but has repeatedly announced delays" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 7d72ad88..77a41a70 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever and malaria" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "note": "note: on 31 August 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Southeast Asia; Indonesia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 479979fe..05e7d28f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Japanese 97.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Korean 0.4%, other 1.1% (includes Vietnamese, Filipino, and Brazilian) (2017 est.)", + "text": "Japanese 97.8%, Chinese 0.6%, Korean 0.3%, other 1.3% (includes Filipino, Brazilian, Nepalese, Indonesian, American, and Thai) (2021 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by nationality; up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil" }, "Languages": { @@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Shintoism 70.5%, Buddhism 67.2%, Christianity 1.5%, other 5.9% (2019 est.)", - "note": "note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people practice both Shintoism and Buddhism" + "text": "Shintoism 48.6%, Buddhism 46.4%, Christianity 1.1%, other 4% (2021 est.)", + "note": "note: total adherents among persons claiming a religious affiliation" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador TOMITA Koji (since 17 February 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador YAMADA Shigeo (since December 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 243e6206..8da069e9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ "note": "note 1: North Korea employs a systematic and intentional overlap of powers and responsibilities among its multiple internal security organizations to prevent any potential subordinate consolidation of power and assure that each unit provided a check and balance on the other

note 2: the Security Guard Command protects the Kim family, other senior leadership figures, and government facilities

note 3: the North also has a large paramilitary/militia force organized into the Worker Peasant Red Guard and Red Youth Guard; these organizations are present at all levels of government (province, county, ward) and are under the control of the Korean Workers' Party in peacetime, but revert to KPA control in crisis or war; they are often mobilized for domestic projects, such as road building and agricultural support" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "between 2010 and 2019, military expenditures accounted for an estimated 20-25% of North Korea's GDP annually; in 2023, North Korea announced that it would spend nearly 16% of state expenditures on defense; North Korea in the 2010s and 2020s has increasingly relied on illicit activities — including cybercrime — to generate revenue for its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs to evade US and UN sanctions" + "text": "defense spending is a regime priority; between 2010 and 2020, military expenditures accounted for an estimated 20-30% of North Korea's GDP annually; spending estimates range from $7 billion to $11 billion annually; in 2023, North Korea announced that it would spend nearly 16% of state expenditures on defense; North Korea in the 2010s and 2020s has increasingly relied on illicit activities — including cybercrime — to generate revenue for its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs to evade US and UN sanctions" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "information varies; estimated 1-1.2 million active-duty troops; estimated 200,000 internal security forces (2023)" @@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ "note": "note: the bulk of the KPA is made up of conscripts; as many as 20% of North Korean males between the ages of 16 and 54 are in the military at a given time and possibly up to 30 percent of males between the ages of 18 and 27, not counting the reserves or paramilitary units; women comprise about 20% of the military by some estimates" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "North Korea is one of the most militarized countries in the World, and the Korean People's Army (KPA) is one of the World’s largest military forces; the KPA’s primary responsibilities are national defense and protection of the Kim regime; it also provides considerable support to domestic economic projects such as agriculture production and infrastructure construction; North Korea views the US as its primary external security threat while South Korea and Japan are treated as extensions of perceived US aggression; the North also sees South Korea’s different economic and political systems as a threat to the regime’s legitimacy; the Kim regime is driven by fears of threats to its power from internal sources as well 

in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean Navy corvette in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops

the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries

North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program includes close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017; it conducted additional ICBM tests in 2022 and 2023 (2023)" + "text": "North Korea is one of the most militarized countries in the World, and the Korean People's Army (KPA) is one of the World’s largest military forces; founded in 1948, the KPA’s primary responsibilities are national defense and protection of the Kim regime; it also provides considerable support to domestic economic projects such as agriculture production and infrastructure construction; North Korea views the US as its primary external security threat while South Korea and Japan are treated as extensions of perceived US aggression; the North also sees South Korea’s different economic and political systems as a threat to the regime’s legitimacy; the Kim regime is driven by fears of threats to its power from internal sources as well 

in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean Navy corvette in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean military installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops

Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries

the KPA Ground Force is the core of North Korea’s military power and as of 2021 was assessed to be comprised of 10 regular infantry corps, two mechanized corps, one armored division, four mechanized divisions, and one artillery division plus numerous combat, combat support, and combat service support brigades and regiments; it was also estimated to have over 15,000 artillery systems and over 4,000 tanks 

the Air and Air Defense Forces control over 900 combat aircraft and 300 helicopters, nearly all of which are older Soviet-era models, as well as hundreds of surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery guns

the Navy is primarily a coastal force, and its surface fleet is comprised of patrol craft; however, it maintains one of the world’s largest submarine forces, which includes about 70 diesel-electric attack, coastal, and midget class submarines 

the North's Special Operations Forces is assessed to have more than 100,000 personnel, making it the largest such force in the world; it includes ground, airborne, seaborne, reconnaissance, and infiltration units typically organized into brigades or regiments

North Korea’s Strategic Force operates the regime’s ballistic missiles, which include a growing inventory of close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles and its mission is to conduct both conventional and nuclear strikes; in 2021, it was assessed to have approximately 200 mobile ballistic missile launchers
(2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index e131f5f4..3926e844 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever and malaria" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 3106a9be..7862f383 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ "note": "note: from 2003 to July 2021, some 3,300 Mongolian troops served in Afghanistan, including about 1,300 under the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission (2015 to 2021); since 2002, Mongolia has deployed more than 19,000 peacekeepers and observers to UN operations in more than a dozen countries" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the MAF does not face any significant external military threats and focuses instead on counterterrorism, disaster response, and international peacekeeping; the Ground Force is the military’s primary service and is centered on a motorized infantry brigade equipped largely with Soviet-era equipment; it also has a battalion devoted to peacekeeping duties and hosts an annual international peacekeeping exercise known as “Khaan Quest”; Mongolia’s primary military partner is Russia, and in addition to receiving Russian military equipment, the MAF participates in Russia’s large “Vostok” exercise, which is conducted every four years 

Mongolia has been engaged in dialogue and cooperation with NATO since 2005 and is considered by NATO to be a global partner; Mongolia supported the NATO-led Kosovo Force from 2005-2007 and contributed troops to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan from 2009-2014, as well as to the follow-on Resolute Support Mission that provided training, advice, and other assistance to the Afghan security forces (2015-2021) (2023)" + "text": "the MAF does not face a significant external military threat and focuses instead on counterterrorism, disaster response, and international peacekeeping; the Ground Force is the military’s primary service and is centered on a motorized infantry brigade equipped largely with Soviet-era equipment; it also has a battalion devoted to peacekeeping duties and hosts an annual international peacekeeping exercise known as “Khaan Quest”; Mongolia’s primary military partner is Russia, and in addition to receiving Russian military equipment, the MAF participates in Russia’s large “Vostok” exercise, which is conducted every four years 

Mongolia has been engaged in dialogue and cooperation with NATO since 2005 and is considered by NATO to be a global partner; Mongolia supported the NATO-led Kosovo Force from 2005-2007 and contributed troops to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan from 2009-2014, as well as to the follow-on Resolute Support Mission that provided training, advice, and other assistance to the Afghan security forces (2015-2021) (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index ce97fac0..9a3fca5f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Malaysia’s location has long made it an important cultural, economic, historical, social, and trade link between the islands of Southeast Asia and the mainland. Through the Strait of Malacca, which separates the Malay Peninsula from the archipelago, flowed maritime trade and with it influences from China, India, the Middle East, and the east coast of Africa. Prior to the 14th century, several powerful maritime empires existed in what is modern-day Malaysia, including the Srivijayan, which controlled much of the southern part of the peninsula between the 7th and 13th centuries, and the Majapahit Empire, which took control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago between the 13th and 14th centuries. The adoption of Islam between the 13th and 17th centuries also saw the rise of a number of powerful maritime states and sultanates on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo, such as the port city of Malacca (Melaka), which at its height in the 15th century had a navy and hosted thousands of Chinese, Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants.

The Portuguese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th century were the first European colonial powers to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and Southeast Asia. However, it was the British who ultimately secured their hegemony across the territory and during the late 18th and 19th centuries established colonies and protectorates in the area that is now Malaysia. These holdings were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's expulsion in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Former Prime Minister MAHATHIR and a newly formed coalition of opposition parties defeated Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak's United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in May 2018, ending over 60 years of uninterrupted rule by UMNO. Since 2018, Malaysia has undergone considerable political upheaval with a succession of coalition governments holding power. Following legislative elections in 2022, ANWAR Ibrahim was appointed prime minister after more than 20 years in opposition. His ruling coalition holds a two-thirds majority in the Malaysian parliament.

" + "text": "

Malaysia’s location has long made it an important cultural, economic, historical, social, and trade link between the islands of Southeast Asia and the mainland. Through the Strait of Malacca, which separates the Malay Peninsula from the archipelago, flowed maritime trade and with it influences from China, India, the Middle East, and the east coast of Africa. Prior to the 14th century, several powerful maritime empires existed in what is modern-day Malaysia, including the Srivijayan, which controlled much of the southern part of the peninsula between the 7th and 13th centuries, and the Majapahit Empire, which took control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago between the 13th and 14th centuries. The adoption of Islam between the 13th and 17th centuries also saw the rise of a number of powerful maritime states and sultanates on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo, such as the port city of Malacca (Melaka), which at its height in the 15th century had a navy and hosted thousands of Chinese, Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants.

The Portuguese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th century were the first European colonial powers to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and Southeast Asia. However, it was the British who ultimately secured their hegemony across the territory and during the late 18th and 19th centuries established colonies and protectorates in the area that is now Malaysia. These holdings were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula (except Singapore) formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's expulsion in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Former Prime Minister MAHATHIR and a newly formed coalition of opposition parties defeated Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak's United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in May 2018, ending over 60 years of uninterrupted rule by UMNO. Since 2018, Malaysia has undergone considerable political upheaval with a succession of coalition governments holding power. Following legislative elections in 2022, ANWAR Ibrahim was appointed prime minister after more than 20 years in opposition. His ruling coalition holds a two-thirds majority in the Malaysian parliament.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Bumiputera 62.5% (Malays and indigenous peoples, including Orang Asli, Dayak, Anak Negeri), Chinese 20.6%, Indian 6.2%, other 0.9%, non-citizens 9.8% (2019 est.)" + "text": "Bumiputera 63.8% (Malay 52.8% and indigenous peoples, including Orang Asli, Dayak, Anak Negeri, 11%), Chinese 20.6%, Indian 6%, other 0.6%, non-citizens 9% (2023 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 61.3%, Buddhist 19.8%, Christian 9.2%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 1.3%, other 0.4%, none 0.8%, unspecified 1% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Muslim (official) 63.5%, Buddhist 18.7%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.1%, other (Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions) 0.9, none/unspecified 1.8% (2020 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Malaysia’s multi-ethnic population consists of the bumiputera – Malays and other indigenous peoples – (62%), ethnic Chinese (21%), ethnic Indians (6%), and foreigners (10%).  The majority of Malaysia’s ethnic Chinese and Indians trace their roots to the British colonialists’ recruitment of hundreds of thousands of Chinese and Indians as mine and plantation workers between the early-19th century and the 1930s.  Most Malays have maintained their rural lifestyle, while the entrepreneurial Chinese have achieved greater wealth and economic dominance.  In order to eradicate Malay poverty, the Malaysian Government in 1971 adopted policies that gave preference to the bumiputera in public university admissions, government jobs and contracts, and property ownership.  Affirmative action continues to benefit well-off urban bumiputera but has done little to alleviate poverty for their more numerous rural counterparts.  The policies have pushed ethnic Chinese and Indians to study at private or foreign universities (many do not return) and have created and sustained one of the world’s largest civil services, which is 85-90% Malay. 

The country’s age structure has changed significantly since the 1960s, as fertility and mortality rates have declined.  Malaysia’s total fertility rate (TFR) has dropped from 5 children per woman in 1970, to 3 in 1998, to 2.1 in 2015 as a result of increased educational attainment and labor participation among women, later marriages, increased use of contraception, and changes in family size preference related to urbanization.  The TFR is higher among Malays, rural residents (who are mainly Malay), the poor, and the less-educated.  Despite the reduced fertility rate, Malaysia’s population will continue to grow, albeit at a decreasing rate, for the next few decades because of its large number of reproductive-age women.  The youth population has been shrinking, and the working-age population (15-64 year olds) has been growing steadily.  Malaysia’s labor market has successfully absorbed the increasing number of job seekers, leading to sustained economic growth.  However, the favorable age structure is changing, and around 2020, Malaysia will start to become a rapidly aging society.  As the population ages, Malaysia will need to better educate and train its labor force, raise productivity, and continue to increase the number of women workers in order to further develop its economy.

More than 1.8 million Malaysians lived abroad as of 2015, including anywhere from 350,000 to 785,000 workers, more than half of whom have an advanced level of education.  The vast majority of emigrants are ethnic Chinese, seeking better educational and job opportunities abroad because of institutionalized ethnic discrimination favoring the Malays.  The primary destination country is nearby Singapore, followed by Bangladesh and Australia.  Hundreds of thousands of Malaysians also commute across the causeway to Singapore daily for work.

Brain drain is an impediment to Malaysia’s goal of becoming a high-income country.  The situation is compounded by a migrant inflow that is composed almost entirely of low-skilled laborers who work mainly in manufacturing, agriculture, and construction.  Officially, Malaysia had about 1.8 million legal foreign workers as of mid-year 2017 – largely from Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines, and Bangladesh – but as many as 3 to 4 million are estimated to be in the country illegally.  Immigrants outnumber ethnic Indians and could supplant the ethnic Chinese as Malaysia’s second largest population group around 2035.

" @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "King Sultan ABDULLAH Sultan Ahmad Shah (since 24 January 2019); note - Sultan IBRAHIM Almarhum Sultan Iskandar was selected as the next king on 23 October 2023; he will be installed on 31 January 2024); the position of the king is primarily ceremonial, but he is the final arbiter on the appointment of the prime minister" + "text": "King Sultan IBRAHIM ibni al-Marhum Sultan Iskandar (since 31 January 2024); the position of the king is primarily ceremonial, but he is the final arbiter on the appointment of the prime minister" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister ANWAR Ibrahim (since 25 November 2022)" @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Manu BHALLA (since August 2023) " + "text": "Ambassador-designate Edgard D. Kagan (since December 19, 2023)" }, "embassy": { "text": "376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur" @@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ "text": "oil palm fruit, rice, poultry, eggs, vegetables, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pineapples, pork" }, "Industries": { - "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production;Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" + "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "5.65% (2021 est.)" @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ "text": "830 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Malaysian military is primarily focused on internal and maritime security and responding to natural disasters; maritime security has received increased emphasis in recent years, particularly anti-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca and countering Chinese incursions in Malaysia’s Economic Exclusion Zone, as well as addressing identified shortfalls in maritime capabilities; as such, Malaysia has undertaken efforts to procure more modern ships, improve air and maritime surveillance, expand the Navy’s support infrastructure (particularly bases/ports) and domestic ship-building capacities, restructure naval command and control, and increase naval cooperation with regional and international partners; as of 2023, for example, the Navy had five frigates on order (due in 2026-2029), which would increase the number of operational frigates from two to seven, and complement its small inventory of littoral combat ships (comparable to light frigates in capabilities) and offshore patrol vessels; in addition, the Navy conducts air and naval patrols with Indonesia and the Philippines; it also cooperates with the US military, including on maritime surveillance and training; the Army’s force structure reflects its traditional focus on counterinsurgency operations and terrorist threats; its four divisional commands are comprised largely of infantry brigades; it also has separate brigades of airborne, security, and special operations forces; Malaysia does not have a marine corps, but places considerable emphasis on amphibious capabilities for some of its Army ground units; the Air Force has a mix of about 50 combat aircraft and helicopters 

Malaysia is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily (2023)" + "text": "the Malaysian military is primarily focused on internal and maritime security and responding to natural disasters; maritime security has received increased emphasis in recent years, particularly anti-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca and countering Chinese incursions in Malaysia’s Economic Exclusion Zone, as well as addressing identified shortfalls in maritime capabilities; as such, Malaysia has undertaken efforts to procure more modern ships, improve air and maritime surveillance, expand the Navy’s support infrastructure (particularly bases/ports) and domestic ship-building capacities, restructure naval command and control, and increase naval cooperation with regional and international partners; as of 2023, for example, the Navy had five frigates on order (due in 2026-2029), which would increase the number of operational frigates from two to seven, and complement its small inventory of littoral combat ships (comparable to light frigates in capabilities) and offshore patrol vessels; in addition, the Navy conducts air and naval patrols with Indonesia and the Philippines; it also cooperates with the US military, including on maritime surveillance and training

the Army’s force structure reflects its traditional focus on counterinsurgency operations and terrorist threats; its four divisional commands are comprised largely of infantry brigades; it also has separate brigades of airborne, security, and special operations forces; Malaysia does not have a marine corps, but places considerable emphasis on amphibious capabilities for some of its Army ground units; the Air Force has a mix of about 50 combat aircraft and helicopters 

Malaysia is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 94a51a0b..6136a16a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever and malaria" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index f1982517..78200117 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "note": "note: On 20 September 2023, the CDC issued a travel notice for an outbreak of diphtheria in several provinces in Vietnam (see attached map); vaccination against diphtheria is essential to protect against disease; if you are traveling to an affected area, you should be up to date with your diphtheria vaccines; Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make a toxin; Diphtheria bacteria spread from person to person, usually through respiratory droplets, like from coughing or sneezing" }, diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index c4e442f9..d92f6914 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats - currently 60; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)
National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Federal Council - last appointed in 2021
National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held by 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election" + "text": "
Federal Council - last appointed in 2021
National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held by 23 October 2024)" }, "election results": { "text": "
Federal Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.6%, SPOe 31.2%. FPOe 16.4%, The Greens 8.2%, NEOS 1.6%; seats by party - OeVP 26, SPOe 19, FPOe 10, The Greens 5, NEOS 1; composition as of August 2023 - men 31, women 29, percent of women 48.3%

National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26, NEOS 15; composition as of January 2024 - men 108, women 75, percent of women 41%; note - total Federal Assembly percentage of women 42.6%" @@ -1166,10 +1166,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "137,039 km" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "137,039 km (2018) (includes 2,232 km of expressways)" + "text": "126,233 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 8f3d15af..964f19da 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -1131,13 +1131,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "22,926 km" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "19,426 km (4,652 km of interurban roads)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "3,500 km (2010)" + "text": "8,619 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 22314e88..73aade05 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007." + "text": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878, and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007." } }, "Geography": { @@ -655,15 +655,15 @@ "text": "upper-middle-income EU economy; improving living standards and very robust economic growth; coal-based infrastructure; legacy structural vulnerabilities and widespread corruption; increasing Russian economic relations, particularly through energy trade" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$174.307 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$167.804 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$155.902 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$162.328 billion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -678,15 +678,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$27,000 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$24,400 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$22,500 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$23,300 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -846,37 +846,38 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$62.514 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { "text": "$51.505 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { "text": "$39.541 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$44.041 billion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 16%, Romania 8%, Italy 7%, Turkey 7%, Greece 6% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 14%, Romania 10%, Greece 8%, Italy 8%, Turkey 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copper, wheat, electricity, refined petroleum, packaged medicines (2021)", "note": "note: Bulgarian amphetamine production remains a significant illicit trade export" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$62.329 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$50.059 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$50.059 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$38.197 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$38.197 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$41.843 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 11%, Russia 9%, Italy 7%, Romania 7%, Turkey 7% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 12%, Turkey 8%, Greece 8%, Romania 8%, Italy 7% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, copper, cars, packaged medicines, refined petroleum (2019)" @@ -1183,13 +1184,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "19,512 km" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "277 km (2011)" + "text": "19,117 km (2022)" }, "note": "note: does not include Category IV local roads" }, diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index abe037da..e1d859ae 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -1141,16 +1141,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "12,901 km (2016)" - }, - "government control": { - "text": "12,901 km (2016) (includes 272 km of expressways)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "8,631 km (2016)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "4,270 km (2016)" + "text": "13,027 km (2022)" }, "Turkish Cypriot control": { "text": "7,000 km (2011)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 818b978e..db8fd20b 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024); Heir Apparent Crown Prince CHRISTIAN (son of the king, born 15 October 2005); note - Queen MARGRETHE II abdicated on 14 January 2024, the first Danish monarch to voluntarily abdicate since King ERIC III in 1146 (2024)" + "text": "King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024); Heir Apparent Crown Prince CHRISTIAN (son of the king, born 15 October 2005); note - Queen MARGRETHE II abdicated on 14 January 2024, the first Danish monarch to voluntarily abdicate since King ERIC III in 1146" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Mette FREDERIKSEN (since 27 June 2019)" @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { - "text": "$352.436 billion (2022 est.)" + "text": "$353.799 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$339.472 billion (2021 est.)" @@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2022": { - "text": "$59,700 (2022 est.)" + "text": "$59,900 (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$58,000 (2021 est.)" @@ -841,15 +841,16 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$280.167 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$234.262 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$234.262 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$195.729 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$195.729 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$205.019 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 14%, United States 10%, Sweden 10%, China 6%, Norway 5% (2021)" @@ -858,15 +859,16 @@ "text": "packaged medicines, pork, refined petroleum, electric generators, cheese (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$235.768 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$208.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$208.121 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$172.868 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$172.868 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$179.356 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "Germany 21%, Sweden 12%, China 9%, Netherlands 8%, Poland 4% (2021)" @@ -1133,10 +1135,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "74,558 km (2017)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "74,558 km (2017) (includes 1,205 km of expressways)" + "text": "73,591 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 1d305001..ef38254a 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -1118,10 +1118,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "99,830 km (2018)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "99,830 km (2018) (includes 2,717 km of expressways)" + "text": "102,227 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 0e811792..7afd53b2 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -1134,13 +1134,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "47,985 km (2011)" + "text": "89,382 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1165,7 +1159,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Estonian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Estonian Defense League (Reserves)

Ministry of Interior: Police and Border Guard Board, Internal Security Service (2023)" + "text": "Estonian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Estonian Defense League (Reserves)

Ministry of Interior: Police and Border Guard Board, Internal Security Service (2024)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2023": { diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index a733929f..7a33d3fc 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -1154,10 +1154,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "55,744 km (2019) (includes urban and category I, II, III roads)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "55,744 km (2019) (includes 1,252 km of expressways)" + "text": "129,418 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 8d040168..49bd3011 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023." + "text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023." } }, "Geography": { @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2021 est.)" + "text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Finland has a relatively high fertility rate for Europe at about 1.75 children per woman in 2023.  Finnish women have high labor force participation rates, and their educational attainment is higher than that of Finnish men. Finland’s family policy, like other Nordic countries, puts an emphasis on reconciling work and family life.  Both parents can stay at home with an earnings-based allowance until the baby is about 11 months old.  Finland also has a publicly subsidized childcare system.  Alternatively, parents can choose to take care of a small child through home care leave with a flat allowance rate.  These benefits have encouraged fathers to do a greater share of housework and childcare, although women still perform the lion’s share of domestic work.  In other instances, women have reduced the burden of household work by outsourcing domestic chores, rather than men taking on more of the responsibilities.  Finland has high family size ideals compared to other European countries, and childlessness and one-child families are not favored.  The proportion of couples having at least three children has been growing since the 1970s.

Finland has historically been a country of emigration.  In the 20th century, Finns emigrated largely in two waves.  Before World War II, the majority of Finns went to North America, and after World War II most went to Sweden, where industrialization was generating much-needed jobs that offered higher salaries and a better standard of living.  In the 1980s and early 1990s, Finnish returnees (mainly from Sweden) began to outnumber Finnish emigrants.  Also arriving in Finland between April 1990 and 2010, were Ingrian Finns – descendants of ethnic Finns who settled near St. Petersburg, Russia, in the 17th century – who immigrated to Finland under the Right of Return Law.  In addition, the country has absorbed immigrants from Russia, Estonia, the former Yugoslavia, and Sweden for a variety of reasons, most commonly for marriage and family reunification.  Finland has also accepted refugees and asylum seekers from Somalia, Iraq, China, and Thailand.

" @@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { - "text": "$275.545 billion (2022 est.)" + "text": "$274.576 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$270.143 billion (2021 est.)" @@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2022": { - "text": "$49,600 (2022 est.)" + "text": "$49,400 (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$48,800 (2021 est.)" @@ -854,32 +854,34 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$128.15 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$107.084 billion (2019 est.)" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 13%, Sweden 9%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "refined petroleum, kaolin coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)" + "text": "refined petroleum, kaolin-coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$134.914 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$106.664 billion (2019 est.)" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "Germany 16%, Sweden 15%, Russia 11%, China 7%, Netherlands 7% (2021)" @@ -1181,10 +1183,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "454,000 km (2012)" - }, - "highways": { - "text": "78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)" + "text": "108,637 km (2019)" }, "private and forest roads": { "text": "350,000 km (2012)" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index ca51164c..75d74f12 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -1225,13 +1225,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "1,053,215 km (2011)" - }, - "urban": { - "text": "654,201 km (2011)" - }, - "non-urban": { - "text": "399,014 km (2011)" + "text": "1,090,059 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index c2c3edab..ba7f99de 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German reunification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.

" + "text": "

As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German reunification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -680,15 +680,15 @@ "text": "leading EU service-based export-driven economy; highly skilled and educated labor force; fairly fiscally conservative; energy-related economic disruptions due to Russian gas cessations; increased defense spending and rising debts" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$4.523 trillion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$4.424 trillion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$4.311 trillion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4.477 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -703,15 +703,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$54,000 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$53,200 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$51,800 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$53,900 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ "text": "milk, pork, wheat, beef, potatoes, barley, rapeseeds, chicken, eggs, sugar beets" }, "Industries": { - "text": "automotive, mechanical engineering, chemicals, electrical and batteries, manufacturing, metals, finance and banking, telecommunications, healthcare, retail" + "text": "

iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles

" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "3.61% (2021 est.)" @@ -867,38 +867,40 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$2.079 trillion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$2.004 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$2.004 trillion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$1.676 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.676 trillion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "United States 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 6% (2021)" + "text": "US 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, UK 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, medical cultures and vaccines, aircraft, industrial machinery, medical instruments (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$1.999 trillion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$1.775 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.775 trillion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$1.454 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$1.454 trillion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, Italy 6%, France 6% (2021)" + "text": "China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, France 6%, Italy 6%  (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, medical cultures/vaccines, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, natural gas, computers (2021)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, medical cultures/vaccines, computers (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 92622385..55b26866 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "26,958 km (2015) (includes 1,416 km of expressways)" + "text": "26,958 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 77c6cb04..5faa1694 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -1185,13 +1185,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "203,601 km (2014)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "77,087 km (2014) (includes 1,582 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "126,514 km (2014)" + "text": "216,443 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index b08b958a..75214612 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -1096,13 +1096,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "12,898 km (2012)" - }, - "paved/oiled gravel": { - "text": "5,647 km (2012) (excludes urban roads)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "7,251 km (2012)" + "text": "12,905 km (2021)" } }, "Merchant marine": { diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index be9beaed..f02bec69 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -1176,10 +1176,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "487,700 km (2007)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "487,700 km (2007) (includes 6,700 km of expressways)" + "text": "228,863 km (2021)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 08723b1b..d179553a 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -959,13 +959,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "2,012 km (2015)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "1,921 km (2015) (includes 78 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "91 km (2015)" + "text": "2,248 km (2022)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index c377e9e6..63eb6a54 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -1130,13 +1130,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "70,244 km (2018)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "15,158 km (2018)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "55,086 km (2018)" + "text": "57,972 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1195,12 +1189,12 @@ "text": "130 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the National Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory; they also have some domestic security responsibilities, including coast guard functions, search and rescue, humanitarian assistance, and providing support to other internal security services, including the State Border Service, the State Police, and the State Security Service; the Military Police provides protection to the president and other government officials, foreign dignitaries, and key facilities; for external defense, Latvia’s primary security focus is Russia, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; in 2004, Latvia joined NATO and the EU, which it depends on to play a decisive role in Latvia’s security policy; Latvia is actively engaged in both NATO and the EU, as well as bilaterally with its allies in order to bolster its own security and that of the surrounding region; the Latvian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; Latvia also hosts NATO partner forces and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions

the Land Forces have a single mechanized brigade; since 2017, Latvia has hosted a Canadian-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; in addition, Latvia hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division North; activated 2020), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate NATO battlegroups in Estonia and Latvia; the Land Forces are supplemented by the National Guard, which has four regionally based infantry brigades that are manned mostly by part-time personnel supplemented by some full-time professional soldiers; in peacetime, the brigades participate in emergency, fire and rescue operations, and in the “elimination of consequences caused by emergency situations”

the Air Force has no combat aircraft; NATO has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Baltics Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; the Naval Forces feature a few patrol vessels and minesweepers; the military also has logistics, military police, special operations forces, and training commands (2023)" + "text": "the National Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory; they also have some domestic security responsibilities, including coast guard functions, search and rescue, humanitarian assistance, and providing support to other internal security services, including the State Border Service, the State Police, and the State Security Service; the Military Police provides protection to the president and other government officials, foreign dignitaries, and key facilities; for external defense, Latvia’s primary security focus is Russia, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; in 2004, Latvia joined NATO and the EU, which it depends on to play a decisive role in Latvia’s security policy; Latvia is actively engaged in both NATO and the EU, as well as bilaterally with its allies in order to bolster its own security and that of the surrounding region; the Latvian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; Latvia also hosts NATO partner forces and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions

the Land Forces have a single mechanized brigade; since 2017, Latvia has hosted a Canadian-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; in addition, Latvia hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division North; activated 2020), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate NATO battlegroups in Estonia and Latvia; the Land Forces are supplemented by the National Guard, which has four regionally based infantry brigades that are manned by part-time personnel supplemented by some full-time professional soldiers; in peacetime, the brigades participate in emergency, fire and rescue operations, and in the “elimination of consequences caused by emergency situations”

the Air Force has no combat aircraft; NATO has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Baltics Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; the Naval Forces feature a few patrol vessels and minesweepers; the military also has logistics, military police, special operations forces, and training commands (2024)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Latvia-Belarus: Belarus and Latvia signed joint demarcation map in September 2008

Latvia-Estonia: demarcation reportedly completed in 1998

Latvia-Lithuania: boundary demarcation was completed by the end of 1998; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights

Latvia-Russia: Russia has criticized the Latvian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Latvia; in March 2007, Latvia and Russia signed a border treaty, which included Latvia withdrawing claims to a district now in Russia that was part of Latvia before World War II; the permanent demarcation of the boundary between Latvia and Russia was completed and came into force in April 2018; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules with Russia

" + "text": "

Latvia-Belarus: Belarus and Latvia signed joint demarcation map in September 2008

Latvia-Estonia: demarcation reportedly completed in 1998

Latvia-Lithuania: boundary demarcation was completed by the end of 1998; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights

Latvia-Russia: tensions with Russia have risen considerably since its invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which Latvia has strongly condemned and has since designated Russia a state sponsor of terrorism and expelled the Russian ambassador; Russia has criticized the Latvian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Latvia; in March 2007, Latvia and Russia signed a border treaty, which included Latvia withdrawing claims to a district now in Russia that was part of Latvia before World War II; the permanent demarcation of the boundary between Latvia and Russia was completed and came into force in April 2018; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules with Russia

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 948926f4..c11804e3 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -1157,13 +1157,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "84,166 km (2012)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "72,297 km (2012) (includes 312 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "11,869 km (2012)" + "text": "83,821 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1191,7 +1185,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos), Special Operations Forces (Specialiuju Operaciju Pajegos); National Defense Volunteer Forces (Krašto Apsaugos Savanorių Pajegos or KASP); National Riflemen's Union (Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga) (2023)", + "text": "Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos), Special Operations Forces (Specialiuju Operaciju Pajegos); National Defense Volunteer Forces (Krašto Apsaugos Savanorių Pajegos or KASP); National Riflemen's Union (Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga) (2024)", "note": "note 1: the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government that cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the armed forces

note 2: the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1225,7 +1219,7 @@ "text": "note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994

the Land Forces form the backbone of the country’s defense force; the active Land Forces comprise a mechanized infantry brigade and a motorized infantry brigade; they are supplemented by the part-time National Defense Volunteer Forces, which are organized into six district-based territorial units; since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative

Lithuania has no combat aircraft but has a ground air defense unit, and NATO has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base; Lithuania’s Naval Forces have small patrol vessel and mine warfare squadrons; the Special Operations Forces have air, ground, and naval units for missions such as counterterrorism, direct action, hostage rescue, military assistance, and reconnaissance (2023)" + "text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994

the Land Forces form the backbone of the country’s defense force; the active Land Forces comprise a mechanized infantry brigade and a motorized infantry brigade; they are supplemented by the part-time National Defense Volunteer Forces, which are organized into six district-based territorial units; since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative

Lithuania has no combat aircraft but has a ground air defense unit, and NATO has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base; Lithuania’s Naval Forces have small patrol vessel and mine warfare squadrons; the Special Operations Forces have air, ground, and naval units for missions such as counterterrorism, direct action, hostage rescue, military assistance, and reconnaissance (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index ccec632b..501db213 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -556,10 +556,10 @@ "text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 30 September 2023; next election to be held in February 2024" + "text": "last held on 30 September 2023 (next to be held in February 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2023: percent of vote by party - SMER-SSD 23%, PS 18%, Hlas-SD 14.7%, OL'aNO 8.9%, KDH 6.8%, SaS 6.3%, SNS 5.6%; seats by party SMER-SSD 42, PS 32, Hlas-SD 27, OL'aNO 16, KDH 12, SaS 11, 10

2020; percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina or SR 8.2%, LSNS 8%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi or ZL 5.8%, other 28.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12; composition (as of April 2023) - men 117, women 33, percent of women 22%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - SMER-SSD 23%, PS 18%, Hlas-SD 14.7%, OL'aNO 8.9%, KDH 6.8%, SaS 6.3%, SNS 5.6%; seats by party SMER-SSD 42, PS 32, Hlas-SD 27, OL'aNO 16, KDH 12, SaS 11, 10

composition (as of April 2023) - men 117, women 33, percent of women 22%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "56,926 km (2016) (includes local roads, national roads, and 464 km of highways)" + "text": "45,106 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index ae7202db..1a3b3099 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

A large portion of present day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.

Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010-19, but pro-Russia Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016 and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in November 2020 and the Party of Action and Solidarity, which SANDU founded in 2015, won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in July 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in August 2021. In February 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.

 

" + "text": "

A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.

Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010-19, but pro-Russia Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016 and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in November 2020 and the Party of Action and Solidarity, which SANDU founded in 2015, won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in July 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in August 2021. In February 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -642,15 +642,15 @@ "text": "upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$33.789 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$36.637 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$32.153 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$34.715 billion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -665,15 +665,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$13,300 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$14,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$12,200 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,000 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -818,35 +818,37 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$5.983 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$4.197 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$4.197 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$3.222 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$3.222 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$3.662 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Romania 27%, Russia 9%, Italy 9%, Germany 9%, Turkey 6%, Poland 5% (2019)" + "text": "Romania 24%, Russia 9%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7%, Italy 7% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "insulated wiring, wheat, sunflower seeds, rolled iron, wine, corn, seats (2021)" + "text": "insulated wiring, sunflower seeds, wine, corn, seats (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$10.082 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$7.915 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$7.915 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$5.918 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.918 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$6.608 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Romania 20%, Russia 10%, Ukraine 9%, Germany 8%, China 7%, Turkey 6%, Italy 6% (2019)" + "text": "Romania 18%, Russia 13%, Ukraine 11%, China 9%, Germany 7% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "refined petroleum, cars, insulated wiring, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment (2019)" @@ -1116,13 +1118,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "9,352 km (2012)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "8,835 km (2012)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "517 km (2012)" + "text": "9,488 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1139,7 +1135,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova (Forțele Armate ale Republicii Moldova): National Army (comprised of a General Staff, a Land Forces Command, and an Air Force Command); Ministry of Internal Affairs: General Carabinieri Inspectorate (aka Carabinieri Troops or Trupele de Carabinieri) (2023)", + "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova (Forțele Armate ale Republicii Moldova): National Army (comprised of a General Staff, a Land Forces Command, and an Air Force Command); Ministry of Internal Affairs: General Carabinieri Inspectorate (aka Carabinieri Troops or Trupele de Carabinieri) (2024)", "note": "note 1: the Carabinieri is a quasi-militarized gendarmerie responsible for protecting public buildings, maintaining public order, and other national security functions

note 2: the national police force reports to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and is the primary law enforcement body, responsible for internal security, public order, traffic, border security, and criminal investigations; the Moldovan Border Police (Poliției de Frontieră) are under the Ministry of Internal Affairs; prior to 2012, Border Police were under the armed forces and known as the Border Troops" }, "Military expenditures": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index ce9c80a4..bb90fbc9 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -1156,13 +1156,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "7,762 km (2010)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "7,141 km (2010)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "621 km (2010)" + "text": "9,825 km (2022)" } }, "Merchant marine": { @@ -1181,7 +1175,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Army of Montenegro (Vojska Crne Gore or VCG): Ground Forces (Kopnene snage), Air Force (Vazduhoplovstvo), Navy (Mornarica) (2023)", + "text": "Army of Montenegro (Vojska Crne Gore or VCG): Ground Forces (Kopnene snage), Air Force (Vazduhoplovstvo), Navy (Mornarica) (2024)", "note": "note: the National Police Force, which includes Border Police, is responsible for maintaining internal security; it is organized under the Police Administration within the Ministry of Interior and reports to the police director and, through the director, to the minister of interior and prime minister" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1212,14 +1206,14 @@ "note": "note: as of 2023, women made up over 15% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Army of Montenegro is a small military focused on the defense of Montenegro’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, cooperating in international and multinational security, and assisting civil authorities during emergencies such as natural disasters; since Montenegro joined NATO in 2017, another focus has been integrating into the Alliance, including adapting NATO standards for planning and professionalization, structural reforms, and modernization by replacing its Soviet-era equipment; the Army trains and exercises with NATO partners and actively supports NATO missions and operations, committing small numbers of troops in Afghanistan, Kosovo, and NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in Eastern Europe; a few personnel have also been deployed on EU- and UN-led operations

the combat units of the Ground Forces include an infantry battalion, plus artillery and special forces; there are two additional infantry battalions in reserve; the Air Force has ground air defense units but no combat aircraft; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a small inventory of coastal patrol craft and patrol boats, plus a marine/special forces detachment  (2023)" + "text": "the Army of Montenegro is a small military focused on the defense of Montenegro’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, cooperating in international and multinational security, and assisting civil authorities during emergencies such as natural disasters; since Montenegro joined NATO in 2017, another focus has been integrating into the Alliance, including adapting NATO standards for planning and professionalization, structural reforms, and modernization by replacing its Soviet-era equipment; the Army trains and exercises with NATO partners and actively supports NATO missions and operations, committing small numbers of troops in Afghanistan, Kosovo, and NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in Eastern Europe; a few personnel have also been deployed on EU- and UN-led operations

the combat units of the Ground Forces include an infantry battalion, plus artillery and special forces; there are two additional infantry battalions in reserve; the Air Force has ground air defense units but no combat aircraft; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a small inventory of coastal patrol craft and patrol boats, plus a marine/special forces detachment (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Montenegro-Albania: none identified

Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro

Montenegro-Croatia: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration

Montenegro-Kosovo: a 2015 border agreement was ratified by Montenegro in 2015 and by Kosovo in 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed

Montenegro-Serbia: The former republic boundary – when the two countries were one and called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated

 

" + "text": "

Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro

Montenegro-Croatia: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration

Montenegro-Kosovo: a 2015 border agreement was ratified by Montenegro in 2015 and by Kosovo in 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed

Montenegro-Serbia: The former republic boundary – when the two countries were one and called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated

 

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 4184e00f..27721c53 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -1100,13 +1100,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "14,182 km (2017) (includes 290 km of expressways)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "9,633 km (2017)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "4,549 km (2017)" + "text": "15,170 km (2022)" } } }, @@ -1143,7 +1137,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2023, women made up about 10% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (ARSM) is responsible for the defense of the country’s territory and independence, fulfilling North Macedonia’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to EU, NATO, and UN peace and security missions; the ARSM has participated in multinational missions and operations in Afghanistan (NATO), Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Eastern Europe (NATO), Iraq (NATO), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN); a key area of focus over the past decade has been improving capabilities and bringing the largely Soviet-era-equipped ARSM up to NATO standards; it has increased its participation in NATO training exercises since becoming the 30th member of the Alliance in 2020 and currently has small numbers of combat troops deployed to Bulgaria and Romania as part of NATO’s Enhance Forward Presence mission implemented because of Russian military aggression against Ukraine

the ARSM is a joint force led by a general staff with subordinate commands for operations, logistics, reserves, special operations, and training; the Operational Command includes the active air and ground combat forces, which include a mechanized infantry brigade, an air brigade with a small combat helicopter squadron, and a ground air defense unit; the Special Operations Command has battalions of rangers and special forces, while the Reserve Forces Command has an infantry brigade (2023)" + "text": "the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (ARSM) is responsible for the defense of the country’s territory and independence, fulfilling North Macedonia’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to EU, NATO, and UN peace and security missions; the ARSM has participated in multinational missions and operations in Afghanistan (NATO), Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Eastern Europe (NATO), Iraq (NATO), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN); a key area of focus over the past decade has been improving capabilities and bringing the largely Soviet-era-equipped ARSM up to NATO standards; it has increased its participation in NATO training exercises since becoming the 30th member of the Alliance in 2020 and currently has small numbers of combat troops deployed to Bulgaria and Romania as part of NATO’s Enhance Forward Presence mission implemented because of Russian military aggression against Ukraine

the ARSM is a joint force led by a general staff with subordinate commands for operations, logistics, reserves, special operations, and training; the Operational Command includes the active air and ground combat forces, which include a mechanized infantry brigade, an air brigade with a small combat helicopter squadron, and a ground air defense unit; the Special Operations Command has battalions of rangers and special forces, while the Reserve Forces Command has an infantry brigade (2024)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index e762a890..bdac7c47 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -1087,19 +1087,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "3,096 km (2008)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "2,704 km (2008)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "392 km (2008)" - }, - "urban": { - "text": "1,422 km (2001)" - }, - "non-urban": { - "text": "832 km (2001)" + "text": "2,855 km (2021)" } }, "Merchant marine": { @@ -1124,7 +1112,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) is a joint force with land, maritime, and air elements, plus a Volunteer Reserve Force (2023)", + "text": "the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) is a joint force with land, maritime, and air elements, plus a Volunteer Reserve Force (2024)", "note": "note: the Malta Police Force maintains internal security; both the Police and the AFM report to the Ministry of Home Affairs, National Security, and Law Enforcement" }, "Military expenditures": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index e327c655..bc354212 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "139,124 km (2016) (includes 3,654 km of expressways)" + "text": "139,027 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Netherlands (Dutch) Armed Forces (Nederlandse Krijgsmacht): Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Military Constabulary) (2023)", + "text": "Netherlands (Dutch) Armed Forces (Nederlandse Krijgsmacht): Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Military Constabulary) (2024)", "note": "note 1: the Netherlands Coast Guard and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard are civilian in nature but managed by the Royal Netherlands Navy

note 2: the national police maintain internal security in the Netherlands and report to the Ministry of Justice and Security, which oversees law enforcement organizations, as do the justice ministries in Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ "text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of weapons systems; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; the military is an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997; must be a citizen of the Netherlands (2023)", + "text": "17 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; the military is an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997; must be a citizen of the Netherlands (2024)", "note": "note: in 2023, women made up about 14% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { @@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ "note": "note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the Netherlands, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Dutch military is charged with the three core tasks of defending the country’s national territory and that of its allies, enforcing the national and international rule of law, and providing assistance during disasters and other crises; it also has some domestic security duties, including in the Dutch Caribbean territories; the military operates globally but rarely carries out military operations independently and focuses on cooperating with the armed forces of other countries, particularly with Belgium, Denmark, Germany, and the UK to include combined military units

the Netherlands has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and the Dutch military is heavily involved in NATO missions and operations with air, ground, and naval forces, including air policing missions over the Benelux countries and Eastern Europe, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and several NATO naval flotillas, as well as standby units for NATO’s rapid response force; the military has previously deployed forces to NATO-led operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo and also regularly contributes to EU- and UN-led missions

the Dutch military is a professional force and conforms to NATO standards; the Army is experienced, equipped with modern weapons, and exercises regularly, including with allied partners; it has three brigades of mechanized, light, and air mobile infantry, plus artillery, air defense, and commando/special forces units; the Army cooperates closely with the German Army, including having its air mobile and mechanized brigades assigned to German divisional headquarters; in addition, the Army shares with the Germans command of a NATO high-readiness corps-level headquarters, which can be ready for deployment inside or outside NATO territory within 20 days; in 2020, Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands formed a joint composite special operations component command

founded in the late 1400s, the Royal Netherlands Navy is one of the oldest naval forces in the World and conducts a variety of missions worldwide; in addition to its close ties with NATO, the Navy cooperates closely with the Belgian Navy, including a joint staff known as the Admiralty Benelux; it has a command responsible for the activities of Dutch naval units in the Caribbean, which includes combating drug trafficking, environmental crime, and illegal fishing, as well as providing search and rescue and disaster relief capabilities; the Netherlands has naval bases on Curaçao and Aruba; the Navy’s principal warships are 10 frigates and ocean-going patrol ships and three attack submarines; the Marine Corps has two battalion-size combat groups and special operations forces; since 1973, it has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force

the Air Force operates globally and is equipped with about 50 modern US-origin combat aircraft, including F-35 stealth multirole fighters; the Air Force has a helicopter command with attack and other combat-capable helicopters; Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg have an agreement to allow the Belgian and Dutch Air Forces to conduct air policing patrols over the three countries

the core missions of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee’s (military police) are border security, security and surveillance, and international and military police tasks; it has 21 brigades based in eight Dutch provinces, plus Curaçao in the Caribbean, a special missions security brigade, and separate security platoons to guard and protect domestic sites that are most likely to be the targets of attacks, such as government buildings; Marechaussee detachments have been included in international police units deployed by NATO

the Dutch military is also part of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a defense framework of 10 Northern European nations designed to provide security to the High North, North Atlantic, and the Baltic Sea Region in response to a crisis (2023)" + "text": "the Dutch military is charged with the three core tasks of defending the country’s national territory and that of its allies, enforcing the national and international rule of law, and providing assistance during disasters and other crises; it also has some domestic security duties, including in the Dutch Caribbean territories; the military operates globally but rarely carries out military operations independently and focuses on cooperating with the armed forces of other countries, particularly with Belgium, Denmark, Germany, and the UK to include combined military units

the Netherlands has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and the Dutch military is heavily involved in NATO missions and operations with air, ground, and naval forces, including air policing missions over the Benelux countries and Eastern Europe, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and several NATO naval flotillas, as well as standby units for NATO’s rapid response force; the military has previously deployed forces to NATO-led operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo and also regularly contributes to EU- and UN-led missions

the Dutch military conforms to NATO standards; the Army is experienced, equipped with modern weapons, and exercises regularly, including with allied partners; it has three brigades of mechanized, light, and air mobile infantry, plus artillery, air defense, and commando/special forces units; the Army cooperates closely with the German Army, including having its air mobile and mechanized brigades assigned to German divisional headquarters; in addition, the Army shares with the Germans command of a NATO high-readiness corps-level headquarters, which can be ready for deployment inside or outside NATO territory within 20 days; in 2020, Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands formed a joint composite special operations component command

founded in the late 1400s, the Royal Netherlands Navy is one of the oldest naval forces in the World and conducts a variety of missions worldwide; in addition to its close ties with NATO, the Navy cooperates closely with the Belgian Navy, including a joint staff known as the Admiralty Benelux; it has a command responsible for the activities of Dutch naval units in the Caribbean, which includes combating drug trafficking, environmental crime, and illegal fishing, as well as providing search and rescue and disaster relief capabilities; the Netherlands has naval bases on Curaçao and Aruba; the Navy’s principal warships are 10 frigates and ocean-going patrol ships and three attack submarines; the Marine Corps has two battalion-size combat groups and special operations forces; since 1973, it has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force

the Air Force operates globally and is equipped with about 50 modern US-origin combat aircraft, including F-35 stealth multirole fighters; the Air Force has a helicopter command with attack and other combat-capable helicopters; Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg have an agreement to allow the Belgian and Dutch Air Forces to conduct air policing patrols over the three countries

the core missions of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee’s (military police) are border security, security and surveillance, and international and military police tasks; it has 21 brigades based in eight Dutch provinces, plus Curaçao in the Caribbean, a special missions security brigade, and separate security platoons to guard and protect domestic sites that are most likely to be the targets of attacks, such as government buildings; Marechaussee detachments have been included in international police units deployed by NATO

the Dutch military is also part of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a defense framework of 10 Northern European nations designed to provide security to the High North, North Atlantic, and the Baltic Sea Region in response to a crisis (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 6edef61d..fc76c742 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "94,902 km (2018) (includes 455 km of expressways)" + "text": "95,120 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ "note": "note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Norway, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of focus is its far northern border with Russia

Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates regularly in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East; the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict with a focus on the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; the Forsvaret participates in UN missions in such areas as Africa and the Middle East; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities 

the Forsvaret is a compact and mixed force of conscripts and professionals that trains regularly and is equipped with modern weapons systems; its origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast; the Army was created in 1628; its principal combat forces are a mechanized infantry brigade, plus a special operations commando (group); the Finnmark Land Command safeguards Norway's northernmost land territories and the land border with Russia; the Army is supplemented by the Home Guard (Heimevernet or HV), a reserve mobilization and national emergency force consisting of some 40,000 part-time soldiers spread over 11 districts where they have territorial responsibility for protecting key civilian and military installations and may assist civil authorities during natural disasters and search and rescue operations; the HV includes several rapid-reaction intervention task forces

the Navy is comprised of the fleet, the Coast Guard, and several bases; the fleet has a small mix of frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines, as well as mine warfare vessels; it also has a special operations group and the Coastal Hunter Command (Kystjegerkommandoen), which monitors coastal seas and land; the Air Force has about 60 US-made combat aircraft and will have a new fully operational fleet of US F-35 stealth multirole fighters by 2025 (2023)" + "text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of focus is its far northern border with Russia

Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates regularly in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East; the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict with a focus on the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; the Forsvaret participates in UN missions in such areas as Africa and the Middle East; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities 

the Forsvaret is a compact and mixed force of conscripts and professionals that trains regularly and is equipped with modern weapons systems; its origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast; the Army was created in 1628; its principal combat forces are a mechanized infantry brigade, plus a special operations commando (group); the Finnmark Land Command safeguards Norway's northernmost land territories and the land border with Russia; the Army is supplemented by the Home Guard (Heimevernet or HV), a reserve mobilization and national emergency force consisting of some 40,000 part-time soldiers spread over 11 districts where they have territorial responsibility for protecting key civilian and military installations and may assist civil authorities during natural disasters and search and rescue operations; the HV includes several rapid-reaction intervention task forces

the Navy is comprised of the fleet, the Coast Guard, and several bases; the fleet has a small mix of frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines, as well as mine warfare vessels; it also has a special operations group and the Coastal Hunter Command (Kystjegerkommandoen), which monitors coastal seas and land; the Air Force has about 60 US-made combat aircraft and is slated to have a new fully operational fleet of US F-35 stealth multirole fighters by 2025 (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index a9db906d..647a37e9 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -1175,13 +1175,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "420,000 km (2016)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "291,000 km (2016) (includes 1,492 km of expressways, 1,559 of motorways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "129,000 km (2016)" + "text": "427,580 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index a77aa164..5fbfb275 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -1135,13 +1135,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "82,900 km (2008)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "11,606 km (2008)" + "text": "11,217 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 007a9185..f7e111aa 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -304,9 +304,6 @@ }, "food or waterborne diseases": { "text": "bacterial diarrhea" - }, - "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { @@ -1159,13 +1156,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "44,248 km (2016)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "16,248 km (2016)" + "text": "45,022 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 1dcee204..ebb86d90 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist \"people's republic\" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007." + "text": "The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856. They were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist \"people's republic\" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007." } }, "Geography": { @@ -667,15 +667,15 @@ "text": "high-income, service- and industrial-based European economy; EU member but non-euro user until convergence criteria met; sustained growth prior to COVID-19; major FDI recipient; flat taxation structure; digital hub of Eastern Europe" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$618.95 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$588.451 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$559.896 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$581.272 billion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -690,15 +690,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$32,500 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$30,800 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$29,100 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$30,000 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beet, rapeseed, plums/sloes" + "text": "maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seeds, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beets, rapeseed, plums/sloes" }, "Industries": { "text": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials" @@ -857,35 +857,37 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$129.215 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$115.879 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$93.024 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 22%, Italy 10%, France 7% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 20%, Italy 10%, France 6%, Hungary 5%, Poland 4% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cars and vehicle parts, insulated wiring, refined petroleum, electrical control boards, seats (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$149.876 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$132.056 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$103.899 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 6% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment (2019)" @@ -1172,13 +1174,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "84,185 km (2012)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "34,312 km (2012)" + "text": "85,387 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index da6be360..1d8b546e 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -1159,10 +1159,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "38,985 km (2012)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)" + "text": "38,125 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index f8076bfa..253e2700 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -1185,10 +1185,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "683,175 km (2011)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)" + "text": "150,110 km (2021)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index b51af977..2328744a 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "note": "note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages" }, "Religions": { - "text": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 57.6%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 33.5% (2019 est.)", + "text": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden" }, "Demographic profile": { @@ -654,11 +654,11 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "small, open, competitive, and thriving economy that remains outside of the euro zone; has achieved an enviable standard of living, with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits" + "text": "high-income, knowledge-based economy; EU member but non-euro user (refuses to peg krona to euro); large welfare state that complements its free-market capitalism; high living standards, environmental protections, income and gender equality; rebounding well from COVID-19 disruptions" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { - "text": "$574.877 billion (2022 est.)" + "text": "$580.099 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$558.427 billion (2021 est.)" @@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2022": { - "text": "$54,800 (2022 est.)" + "text": "$55,300 (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$53,600 (2021 est.)" @@ -847,15 +847,16 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$312.136 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$290.793 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$290.793 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$241.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$241.94 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$257.293 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 10%, Norway 9%, United States 8%, Denmark 8%, Finland 6% (2021)" @@ -864,15 +865,16 @@ "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, lumber, iron, broadcasting equipment (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$294.817 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$263.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$263.269 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$217.165 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$217.165 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$233.648 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "Germany 18%, Netherlands 9%, Norway 8%, China 7%, Denmark 7% (2021)" @@ -1173,15 +1175,8 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "573,134 km (2016) (includes 2,050 km of expressways)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "140,100 km (2016)" - }, - "unpaved": { - "text": "433,034 km (2016)" - }, - "note": "note: includes 98,500 km of state roads, 433,034 km of private roads, and 41,600 km of municipal roads" + "text": "197,964 km (2022)" + } }, "Waterways": { "text": "2,052 km (2010)" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 0e63e406..1ddbe196 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -1165,10 +1165,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "71,557 km (2017)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "71,557 km (2017) (includes 1,458 of expressways)" + "text": "83,131 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 5597c7b4..76061167 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -1180,10 +1180,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "394,428 km (2009)" - }, - "paved": { - "text": "394,428 km (2009) (includes 3,519 km of expressways)" + "text": "416,461 km (2022)" } }, "Waterways": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index f6806a93..b80a5490 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -859,32 +859,34 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$56.909 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$81.504 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$81.504 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$60.707 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$60.707 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$63.556 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 12%, Poland 7%, Turkey 6%, Russia 5%, Italy 5% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "iron and iron products, sunflower seed oils, wheat, corn, insulated wiring, rapeseed (2021)" + "text": "corn, sunflower seed oils, iron/iron products, wheat, insulated wiring, rapeseed (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$83.863 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$84.175 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$84.175 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$63.085 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$63.085 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$76.067 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 14%, Russia 11%, Poland 9%, Germany 9%, Belarus 6% (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 5247c046..17ebda19 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; election last held on 11 April 2018 (next to be held on 7 February 2024, a snap election); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; note - a constitutional amendment approved in a September 2016 referendum extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years; a separate constitutional amendment approved in the same referendum also introduced the post of first vice president and additional vice-presidents, who are directly appointed by the president; however, no additional vice presidents have been appointed since the constitutional amendment was passed" }, "election results": { - "text": "2018: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%" + "text": "
2024: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2%

2018: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%" }, "note": "note: OSCE observers noted shortcomings in the election, including a restrictive political environment, limits on fundamental freedoms, a lack of genuine competition, and ballot box stuffing" }, diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index 9cf97f8b..dcc15477 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and good governance during his time in power but also faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was also complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that led to periodic flare-ups in tension and violence and that culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.

Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government before leaving the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. At the time, these changes in leadership represented unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the following years, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. Most recently, Irakli GARIBASHVILI became prime minister in February 2021. In October 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse of office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals and Georgia applied for EU membership in March 2022. The EU and Georgia signed an Association Agreement in June 2014 and it fully entered into force in July 2016. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and Georgian citizens since 2017 can travel to the Schengen area without a visa.

" + "text": "

The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and good governance during his time in power but also faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was also complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that led to periodic flare-ups in tension and violence and that culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.

Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government before leaving the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. At the time, these changes in leadership represented unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the following years, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. Most recently, Irakli GARIBASHVILI became prime minister in February 2021. In October 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse of office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals and Georgia applied for EU membership in March 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. The EU and Georgia signed an Association Agreement in June 2014 and it fully entered into force in July 2016. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and Georgian citizens since 2017 can travel to the Schengen area without a visa.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "text": "President Salome ZOURABICHVILI (since 16 December 2018)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Irakli GARIBASHVILI (since 22 February 2021); resigned on January 29, 2024" + "text": "Prime Minister (in transition); note - Irakli GARIBASHVILI resigned on 29 January 2024; Irakli KOBAKHIDZE was nominated as the new prime minister by the ruling party on 1 February 2024" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers" @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Robin DUNNIGAN (since 12 October 2023)" + "text": "Ambassador Robin L. DUNNIGAN (since 12 October 2023)" }, "embassy": { "text": "29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131" @@ -645,18 +645,18 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "COVID-19 crippled tourism, transportation, and construction sectors; rising unemployment, public debts and poverty; foreign investment and domestic bond issuance" + "text": "

main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products, such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$63.403 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$57.434 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$51.993 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$55.762 billion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -671,15 +671,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$17,100 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$15,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$14,000 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,000 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -838,35 +838,37 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$13.112 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$8.086 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.086 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$5.927 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$5.927 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$9.546 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 12%, Azerbaijan 12%, Armenia 9%, Bulgaria 8%, China 6%, Turkey 6%, Ukraine 6% (2019)" + "text": "China 13%, Russia 12%, Azerbaijan 11%, Turkey 7%, Ukraine 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copper, iron alloys, cars, wine, refined petroleum, nitrogen fertilizers, liquors (2021)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$15.545 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$11.151 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$11.151 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$8.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$8.967 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$11.162 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Turkey 17%, China 11%, Russia 9%, Azerbaijan 6%, United States 6%, Germany 5% (2019)" + "text": "Turkey 17%, China 9%, Russia 9%, United States 7%, Azerbaijan 6% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cars, refined petroleum, copper, packaged medicines, natural gas (2019)" @@ -1162,8 +1164,11 @@ "note": "note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs also has forces for protecting strategic infrastructure and conducting special operations" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2023": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2022": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)" @@ -1172,10 +1177,7 @@ "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index a6f2b0ca..65c41e49 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Lebanon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials modestly increased investigations and continued to allow an NGO to screen migrants in the government detention center for trafficking; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; a caretaker government, judicial sector strike, and widespread civil service work stoppages limited Lebanon’s ability to establish effective anti-trafficking policies and impacted anti-trafficking efforts; efforts to identify and protect trafficking victims remained woefully inadequate; officials relied on NGOs and civil society to provide shelter and services to victims and did not report providing financial or in-kind support to those organizations; the parliament did not approve a labor law amendment, pending since 2009, to extend legal protections to foreign workers, nor did it approve a draft standardized contract for migrant workers; the lack of formal victim identification and referral procedures placed victims at risk of arrest, detention, or deportation for committing unlawful acts while being trafficked; the government did not reform its visa sponsorship system despite extreme trafficking vulnerabilities inherent in the system; officials rarely convicted traffickers for exploiting domestic servants, the prevalent form of trafficking in Lebanon; therefore, Lebanon was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Lebanon, as well as Lebanese abroad; women and girls from South and Southeast Asia, and increasingly East and West Africa, are subjected to domestic servitude in Lebanon; recruitment agencies continued to aggressively recruit foreign national domestic workers—sometimes through fraudulent or false job offers—particularly from Nigeria and the Philippines; most employers withhold domestic workers’ passports, and some withhold wages, force excessive work hours, restrict freedom of movement, and physically or sexually abuse them; NGOs and international organizations reported increased exploitation of Lebanese adults by Lebanese nationals, particularly in industries such as custodial services; women, primarily from Belarus, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, and Ukraine, enter Lebanon legally under the artiste visa program—which restricts the women from leaving the hotel where they live—and face physical and sexual abuse and domestic servitude; adults and children among the estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon are at high risk of sex and labor trafficking, sometimes at the hands of Syrian traffickers; refugee adults and children are held in bonded labor to pay for food, shelter, and transit and are sometimes contracted as groups to work in agriculture in the Beka’a Valley; forced child labor within the Syrian refugee population continued to rise, particularly in agriculture, construction, and street vending and begging; some of the children are forced or coerced to conduct criminal activity; Syrian refugee LGBTQI+ persons, women, girls, and some men are highly vulnerable to sex trafficking; some of the refugee women and girls are forced by family members into commercial sex acts or early marriage, and they are highly vulnerable to trafficking; Syrian and Lebanese nationals fleeing the economic crisis are vulnerable to sex trafficking in Turkey; non-state armed groups, including Hizballah, Fatah al-Islam, Jund Ansar Allah, Saraya al-Muqawama, and ISIS, recruited or used child soldiers in recent years; refugee children, particularly in Palestinian refugee camps, were especially vulnerable to recruitment or use as child soldiers  (2023)" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Lebanon, as well as Lebanese abroad; women and girls from South and Southeast Asia, and increasingly East and West Africa, are subjected to domestic servitude in Lebanon; recruitment agencies continued to aggressively recruit foreign national domestic workers—sometimes through fraudulent or false job offers—particularly from Nigeria and the Philippines; most employers withhold domestic workers’ passports, and some withhold wages, force excessive work hours, restrict freedom of movement, and physically or sexually abuse them; NGOs and international organizations reported increased exploitation of Lebanese adults by Lebanese nationals, particularly in industries such as custodial services; women, primarily from Belarus, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, and Ukraine, enter Lebanon legally under the artiste visa program—which restricts the women from leaving the hotel where they live—and face physical and sexual abuse and domestic servitude; adults and children among the estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon are at high risk of sex and labor trafficking, sometimes at the hands of Syrian traffickers; refugee adults and children are held in bonded labor to pay for food, shelter, and transit and are sometimes contracted as groups to work in agriculture in the Beka’a Valley; forced child labor within the Syrian refugee population continued to rise, particularly in agriculture, construction, and street vending and begging; some of the children are forced or coerced to conduct criminal activity; Syrian refugee LGBTQI+ persons, women, girls, and some men are highly vulnerable to sex trafficking; some of the refugee women and girls are forced by family members into commercial sex acts or early marriage, and they are highly vulnerable to trafficking; Syrian and Lebanese nationals fleeing the economic crisis are vulnerable to sex trafficking in Turkey; non-state armed groups, including Hizballah, Fatah al-Islam, Jund Ansar Allah, Saraya al-Muqawama, and ISIS, recruited or used child soldiers in recent years; refugee children, particularly in Palestinian refugee camps, were especially vulnerable to recruitment or use as child soldiers (2023)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index d411d927..f1005876 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF): Royal Army of Oman (RAO), Royal Navy of Oman (RNO), Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO), Royal Guard of Oman (RGO), Sultan's Special Forces

Royal Oman Police (ROP): Civil Defense, Immigration, Customs, Royal Oman Police Coast Guard, Special Task Force (2023)", + "text": "Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF): Royal Army of Oman (RAO), Royal Navy of Oman (RNO), Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO), Royal Guard of Oman (RGO), Sultan's Special Forces

Royal Oman Police (ROP): Civil Defense, Immigration, Customs, Royal Oman Police Coast Guard, Special Task Force (2024)", "note": "note 1: the Sultan’s Special Forces and the ROP Special Task Force are Oman’s primary tactical counterterrorism response forces

note 2: in addition to its policing duties, the ROP conducts many administrative functions similar to the responsibilities of a Ministry of Interior in other countries" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ "text": "18 for voluntary military service for men and women (women have been allowed to serve since 2011); no conscription (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the SAF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is a small, but professional and well-equipped military that trains regularly, including with foreign partners such as the UK, US, and Gulf Cooperation Council countries; the SAF has a longstanding security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; the relationship was notable during the Dhofar Rebellion (1963-1976), when the British military provided considerable assistance to the SAF in their eventually successful counterinsurgency campaign; today, the SAF and the British maintain a joint training base in Oman and exercise together regularly; in 2017, Oman and the UK signed an agreement allowing the British military the use of facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port, expanding on previous military cooperation agreements in 2014, 2010, and 1980; Oman also allows other nations to use some of its maritime facilities, including China

the Omani Navy conducts maritime security operations along the country’s long coastline, including patrolling, ensuring freedom of navigation in the key naval chokepoint of the Strait of Hormuz, and countering piracy and smuggling; while Oman is not a member of the US-led, 34-member nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which operates task forces to counter piracy and smuggling, the Omani Navy has at times participated in CMF-led joint exercises; the Navy is a small but relatively modern force; its principal warships include nine corvettes and offshore patrol vessels, which are supported by a number of small patrol and fast attack craft

the Royal Army was formed as the Muscat Garrison in 1907; today, it has an armored brigade equipped with American and British tanks, 2 brigades of infantry, and a border guard brigade, as well as an airborne regiment; the Royal Guard is comprised of an infantry brigade and 2 special forces regiments; the Air Force has about three dozen modern European- and US-made multipurpose fighter aircraft (2023)" + "text": "the SAF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is a small, but well-equipped military that trains regularly, including with foreign partners such as the UK, US, and Gulf Cooperation Council countries; the SAF has a longstanding security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; the relationship was notable during the Dhofar Rebellion (1963-1976), when the British military provided considerable assistance to the SAF in their eventually successful counterinsurgency campaign; today, the SAF and the British maintain a joint training base in Oman and exercise together regularly; in 2017, Oman and the UK signed an agreement allowing the British military the use of facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port, expanding on previous military cooperation agreements in 2014, 2010, and 1980; Oman also allows other nations to use some of its maritime facilities, including China

the Omani Navy conducts maritime security operations along the country’s long coastline, including patrolling, ensuring freedom of navigation in the key naval chokepoint of the Strait of Hormuz, and countering piracy and smuggling; while Oman is not a member of the US-led, 34-member nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which operates task forces to counter piracy and smuggling, the Omani Navy has at times participated in CMF-led joint exercises; the Navy is a small but relatively modern force; its principal warships are five corvettes, which are supported by several offshore patrol ships, fast attack craft, and coastal patrol vessels

the Royal Army was formed as the Muscat Garrison in 1907; today, it has an armored brigade equipped with American and British tanks, 2 brigades of infantry, and a border guard brigade, as well as an airborne regiment; the Royal Guard is comprised of an infantry brigade and 2 special forces regiments; the Air Force has about three dozen modern European- and US-made multipurpose fighter aircraft (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 9ff348e1..c692f9b8 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "460,240 (2021 est.)" + "text": "523,765 (2022 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "17 (2021 est.)" diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 41144f44..ed22ba51 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although in recent years, the government's growth-by-any-means strategy has sent inflation to historic highs and tested the broader financial system's resilience.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") of instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.

" + "text": "

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945, and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although in recent years, the government's growth-by-any-means strategy has sent inflation to historic highs and tested the broader financial system's resilience.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") of instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -677,18 +677,18 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; economic instability from 2016 attempted coup and 2018 currency recession; hit hard by COVID-19, increasing poverty and unemployment; endemic corruption; large agriculture labor force" + "text": "

upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; economic instability from 2016 attempted coup and 2018 currency recession; increasing poverty and unemployment; endemic corruption; large agriculture labor force

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$2.817 trillion (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$2.668 trillion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$2.396 trillion (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.35 trillion (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -703,15 +703,15 @@ } }, "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$33,100 (2022 est.)" + }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$31,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$28,500 (2020 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$28,200 (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -870,35 +870,37 @@ } }, "Exports": { + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$350.004 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Exports 2021": { - "text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { - "text": "$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$203.816 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Exports 2019": { - "text": "$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 9%, United Kingdom 6%, Iraq 5%, Italy 5%, United States 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 8%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 6%, Italy 5%, Iraq 5% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)" }, "Imports": { + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$386.305 billion (2022 est.)" + }, "Imports 2021": { - "text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Imports 2020": { - "text": "$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" + "text": "$230.141 billion (2020 est.)" }, - "Imports 2019": { - "text": "$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" - } + "note": "note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 11%, China 9%, Russia 9%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2019)" + "text": "China 13%, Germany 10%, Russia 8%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "gold, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, scrap iron (2019)" @@ -1188,7 +1190,7 @@ }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "67,333 km (2018)" + "text": "68,526 km (2023)" }, "paved": { "text": "24,082 km (2018) (includes 2,159 km of expressways)" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index b71a8173..09a10bc3 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever and malaria" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" @@ -540,10 +540,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022)" + "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022); note - Abdrabbuh Mansur HADI served as acting president beginning in early 2012 but was forced to resign in late January 2015 by the Houthis - a rebel group aligned with Iran - in the midst of mass protests; subsequently, the Houthis and supporters of Yemen's first president, Ali Abdullah SALEH, seized the presidential palace and placed HADI under house arrest" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022)" + "text": "Chairperson, Presidential Council Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI, Dr. (since 19 April 2022); Vice Chairpersons and Presidential Council members Sultan al-ARADA, Faraj Salmin al- BAHSANI, Brig. Gen. Abdullah Al-Alimi BA WAZIR, Uthman Hussain Faid al-MUJALI, TARIQ Muhammad Abdallah Salih, Brig. Gen., 'Abd-al-Rahman ABU ZARA'A al-Muharrami al-Yafai, Brig. Gen., Aydarus Qasim al-ZUBAYDI, Maj. Gen. (all since 19 April 2022); on 5 February 2024, Foreign Minister Ahmad Awad Bin MUBAREK was appointed prime minister by the Presidential Council" }, "cabinet": { "text": "25 members from northern and southern Yemen, representing all of Yemen's major political parties" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 6523ad82..0b12ee76 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ "text": "
Senate - last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)

Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 June 2021 (next to be held on 2 June 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "


Senate - percent of vote by party - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 58, PAN 22, PRI 14, PRD 9, MC 7, PT 7, PES 5, PVEM 5, PNA/PANAL 1; composition (as of July 2018) - men 65, women 63, percent of women 49.2%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 197, PAN 111, PRI 69, PVEM 44, PT 38, MC 25, PRD 16; composition - men 250, women 250, percent of women 50%; note - overall percent of women in National Congress 49.8%

" + "text": "


Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 58, PAN 22, PRI 14, PRD 9, MC 7, PT 7, PES 5, PVEM 5, PNA/PANAL 1; composition (as of July 2018) - men 65, women 63, percent of women 49.2%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 197, PAN 111, PRI 69, PVEM 44, PT 38, MC 25, PRD 16; composition - men 250, women 250, percent of women 50%; note - overall percent of women in National Congress 49.8%

" }, "note": "note: as of the 2018 election, senators will be eligible for a second term and deputies up to 4 consecutive terms" }, @@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2022, women comprised about 15% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Mexican military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of Mexico, as well as providing for internal security, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and socio-economic development; in recent years, internal security duties have been a key focus, particularly in countering narcotics trafficking and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; the constitution was amended in 2019 to grant the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security, and courts have upheld the legality of the armed forces’ role in law enforcement activities in support of civilian authorities through 2028; the military also provides security for strategic facilities, such as oil production infrastructure, and administers most of the country's land and sea ports and customs services, plus the approximately 2,700 branches of a state-owned development bank; in addition, President LOPEZ OBRADOR has placed the military in charge of a growing number of infrastructure projects, such as building and operating a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast

the Mexican Army is a lightly armed force comprised largely of infantry supplemented by mechanized or motorized forces; it is primarily focused on internal security operations vice conventional warfare, and its posture and composition reflects an internal focus over external threats; much of the force is deployed throughout the country in 12 military regional commands and 48 subordinate military zones, giving the Army a country-wide presence and the ability to respond immediately to a crisis; force strengths in each zone vary according to the security situation, from a single infantry battalion to over 10 infantry battalions and small motorized cavalry regiments, plus other units on rotation; the Army’s principal mobile combat forces are approximately 10 light or mechanized/motorized infantry brigades, three special forces brigades, and a paratrooper brigade, which are separate from the units under the military zones; the National Guard has up to 12 military police brigades; the Air Force’s inventory reflects its chief roles of supporting the Army, conducting counter-narcotics operations, and providing assistance during natural disasters; its fixed-wing combat aircraft include a handful of US-made fighters acquired in the 1980s and about 30 light attack planes; the Air Force also has more than 30 transport aircraft, as well as about 100 multipurpose helicopters

the Mexican Navy is largely a coastal patrol force but has a growing blue water capability; it has a range of missions including maritime law enforcement, security of maritime facilities, resources, and the environment, humanitarian assistance, and search and rescue; it has fleet commands for both the Pacific and Caribbean Sea/Gulf of Mexico, plus naval aviation, and naval infantry forces; the Navy’s warships include five frigates and more than 100 patrol vessels of varying sizes and capabilities; the Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina) has both external and internal security responsibilities, including providing port security, protecting the coastal fringe, and patrolling major waterways; it also has had a significant role in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; the Corps has more than 30 combat battalions, which include amphibious, commando, infantry, paratrooper, security, and special operations forces (2023)" + "text": "the Mexican military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of Mexico, as well as providing for internal security, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and socio-economic development; in recent years, internal security duties have been a key focus, particularly in countering narcotics trafficking and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; the constitution was amended in 2019 to grant the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security, and courts have upheld the legality of the armed forces’ role in law enforcement activities in support of civilian authorities through 2028; the military also provides security for strategic facilities, such as oil production infrastructure, and administers most of the country's land and sea ports and customs services, plus the approximately 2,700 branches of a state-owned development bank; in addition, President LOPEZ OBRADOR has placed the military in charge of a growing number of infrastructure projects, such as building and operating a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast

the Mexican Army is a lightly armed force comprised largely of infantry supplemented by mechanized or motorized forces; it is primarily focused on internal security operations vice conventional warfare, and its posture and composition reflects an internal focus over external threats; much of the force is deployed throughout the country in 12 military regional commands and 48 subordinate military zones, giving the Army a country-wide presence and the ability to respond quickly to a crisis; force strengths in each zone vary according to the security situation, from a single infantry battalion to over 10 infantry battalions and small motorized cavalry regiments, plus other units on rotation; the Army’s principal mobile combat forces are approximately 10 light or mechanized/motorized infantry brigades, three special forces brigades, and a paratrooper brigade, which are separate from the units under the military zones; the National Guard has up to 12 military police brigades

the Air Force’s inventory reflects its chief roles of supporting the Army, conducting counter-narcotics operations, and providing assistance during natural disasters; its fixed-wing combat aircraft include a handful of US-made fighters acquired in the 1980s and about 30 light attack planes; the Air Force also has more than 30 transport aircraft, as well as about 100 multipurpose helicopters

the Mexican Navy is largely a coastal patrol force but has a growing blue water capability; it has a range of missions including maritime law enforcement, security of maritime facilities, resources, and the environment, humanitarian assistance, and search and rescue; it has fleet commands for both the Pacific and Caribbean Sea/Gulf of Mexico, plus naval aviation, and naval infantry forces; the Navy’s warships include five frigates and more than 100 patrol vessels of varying sizes and capabilities; the Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina) has both external and internal security responsibilities, including providing port security, protecting the coastal fringe, and patrolling major waterways; it also has had a significant role in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; the Corps has more than 30 combat battalions, which include amphibious, commando, infantry, paratrooper, security, and special operations forces (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 1d50e83e..cdd2f72d 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index d5fbc8be..c7014f82 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 830bc560..0d59f901 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever and malaria" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { @@ -577,10 +577,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:
Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for indigenous communities, 5 members of the Commons political party, formerly the People's Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC), for 2 legislative terms only: 2018-2022 and 2022-2026 as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)

Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (188 seats; 162 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for Afro-Colombians, 1 member elected by Colombians residing abroad, 1 member elected in a special nationwide constituency for the indigenous communities, 5 members of the Commons political party for two legislative terms only: 2018-2022 and 2022-2026 as per the 2016 peace accord, 16 seats for rural conflict victims for two legislative terms only: 2022-2026 and 2026-2030, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up vice presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)

" }, "elections": { - "text": " 
Senate - last held on 13 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2026)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 13 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2026)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 13 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2026)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 13 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - PHxC 16, PC 16, PL 15, Green Alliance and Center Hope Coalition 14, CD 14, CR 11, U Party 10, MIRA–Colombia Free and Just Coalition 4; composition - men 73, women 33, percent of women 31.1%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - PL 33, PHxC 28, PC 27, CR 18, CD 16, U Party 16, Green Alliance 14, League of Anticorruption Governors 2, others 34; composition as of January 2024 - men 133, women 54, percent of women 28.9%; total Congress percent of women 29%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition- PHxC 16.9%, PC 13.1%, PL 12.4%, Green Alliance and Center Hope Coalition 11.5%, CD 11.4%, CR 9.4%, U Party 8.8%, MIRA–Colombia Free and Just Coalition 3.4%, other 13.1%; seats by party/coalition composition - PHxC- 20, PC 15, PL 14, Green Alliance and Center Hope Coalition 13, CD 13, CR 11, U Party 10, MIRA–Colombia Free and Just Coalition 4; men 71, women 29, percent of women 29.9%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition- PHxC 17.6%, PL 14%, PC 12.4%, CD 10.2% U Party 8.6%, CR 7.9%, Green Alliance 6.5%, others 22.4%; seats by party/coalition - PL 32,  PHxC 27, CP 25, CD 16, CR 16, U Party 15, Green Alliance and Center Hope Coalition 11, others 24; composition as of January 2024 - men 115, women 50, percent of women 30.3%; total Congress percent of women 29.2%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 1e6e5fea..3dd4c8f4 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "

president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 August 2023 with a runoff on 15 October 2023 (next to be held on 28 February 2025); note – on 18 May 2023, Ecuador’s National Electoral Council announced that the legislative and presidential elections—originally scheduled for February 2025—would be held on 20 August 2023 with a runoff held on 15 October 2023 after President Guillermo LASSO dissolved the National Assembly by decree on 17 May 2023; though eligible for a second term, LASSO announced that he would not run in the 2023 election; President Daniel NOBOA Azin will serve out the remainder of the current presidential term (2021–2025)

" + "text": "

president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 August 2023 with a runoff on 15 October 2023 (next to be held on 28 February 2025); note – on 18 May 2023, Ecuador’s National Electoral Council announced that the legislative and presidential elections—originally scheduled for February 2025—would be held on 20 August 2023 with a runoff on 15 October 2023 after President Guillermo LASSO dissolved the National Assembly by decree on 17 May 2023; though eligible for a second term, LASSO announced that he would not run in the 2023 election; President Daniel NOBOA Azin will serve out the remainder of the current presidential term (2021–2025)

" }, "election results": { "text": "
2023: Daniel NOBOA Azin elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Luisa GONZÁLEZ Alcivar (MRC) 33.6%, Daniel NOBOA Azin (ADN) 23.5%, Christian Gustavo ZURITA Ron (Construye) 16.4%, Jan Tomislav TOPIĆ Feraud (Por Un País Sin Miedo) 14.7%, Otto Ramón SONNENHOLZNER Sper (Avanza) 7.1% other 4.7%; percent of vote in the second round - Daniel NOBOA Azin 51.8%, Luisa GONZÁLEZ Alcivar 48.2%

2021: Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; percent of vote in the first round - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.7%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.7%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.4%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (ID) 15.7%, other 12.5%; percent of vote in the second round - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%" diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index f709b3d1..a09798c5 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { - "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Bartonellosis (Oroya fever)" + "text": "dengue fever, malaria, Bartonellosis (Oroya fever), and sexually transmitted diseases: hepatitis B (2024)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index f9754b44..142ecf2e 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ "text": "intermediate (2023)" }, "food or waterborne diseases": { - "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" + "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2024)" }, "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever" diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 3c594ec3..c153cc49 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Nepalese Armed Forces (Ministry of Defense): Nepali Army (includes Air Wing)

Ministry of Home Affairs: Nepal Police, Nepal Armed Police Force (2023)", + "text": "Nepalese Armed Forces (Ministry of Defense): Nepali Army (includes Air Wing)

Ministry of Home Affairs: Nepal Police, Nepal Armed Police Force (2024)", "note": "note: the Nepal Police are responsible for enforcing law and order across the country; the Armed Police Force is responsible for combating terrorism, providing security during riots and public disturbances, assisting in natural disasters, and protecting vital infrastructure, public officials, and the borders; it also conducts counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations and would assist the Army in the event of an external invasion" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ "text": "1225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 400 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 225 Liberia (UNSMIL); 175 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,750 (plus about 220 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Nepali Army is a lightly equipped and professional force responsible for territorial defense, although it has some domestic duties such as disaster relief/humanitarian assistance and nature conservation efforts; during the 10-year civil war that ended in 2006, it conducted extensive counterinsurgency operations against Maoist guerrillas; the Army also has a long and distinguished history of supporting UN missions, having sent its first UN observers to Lebanon in 1958 and its first troop contingent to Egypt in 1974; as of 2023, nearly 150,000 Nepali military personnel had deployed on over 40 UN missions; the Army conducts training with foreign partners, including China, India, and the US; it has 8 geographically-based divisions, each comprised of light infantry brigades and support units; the Army also has independent special forces and security force (palace guard) brigades; the Air Wing has a small number of multi-role and transport helicopters

the British began to recruit Nepalese citizens (Gurkhas) into the East India Company Army during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816); the Gurkhas subsequently were brought into the British Indian Army and by 1914, there were 10 Gurkha regiments, collectively known as the Gurkha Brigade; following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India, and Great Britain allowed for the transfer of the 10 regiments from the British Indian Army to the separate British and Indian armies; four regiments were transferred to the British Army, where they have since served continuously as the Brigade of Gurkhas; six Gurkha (aka Gorkha in India) regiments went to the new Indian Army; a seventh regiment was later added; Gurkhas are also recruited into the Singaporean Police and a special guard in the Sultanate of Brunei known as the Gurkha Reserve Unit (2023)" + "text": "the Nepali Army is a lightly equipped force responsible for territorial defense, although it has some domestic duties such as disaster relief/humanitarian assistance and nature conservation efforts; during the 10-year civil war that ended in 2006, it conducted extensive counterinsurgency operations against Maoist guerrillas; the Army also has a long and distinguished history of supporting UN missions, having sent its first UN observers to Lebanon in 1958 and its first troop contingent to Egypt in 1974; as of 2023, nearly 150,000 Nepali military personnel had deployed on over 40 UN missions; the Army conducts training with foreign partners, including China, India, and the US; it has eight geographically-based divisions, each comprised of light infantry brigades and support units; the Army also has independent special forces and security force (palace guard) brigades; the Air Wing has a small number of multi-role and transport helicopters

the British began to recruit Nepalese citizens (Gurkhas) into the East India Company Army during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816); the Gurkhas subsequently were brought into the British Indian Army and by 1914, there were 10 Gurkha regiments, collectively known as the Gurkha Brigade; following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India, and Great Britain allowed for the transfer of the 10 regiments from the British Indian Army to the separate British and Indian armies; four regiments were transferred to the British Army, where they have since served continuously as the Brigade of Gurkhas; six Gurkha (aka Gorkha in India) regiments went to the new Indian Army; a seventh regiment was later added; Gurkhas are also recruited into the Singaporean Police and a special guard in the Sultanate of Brunei known as the Gurkha Reserve Unit (2024)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 8dd1811f..9cc72055 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Pakistan-Afghanistan: since 2002, with UN assistance, Pakistan has repatriated about 5.3 million Afghan refugees, leaving about 2.74-3 million; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; in February 2022, amid skirmishes between Taliban and Pakistani forces, Pakistan announced its intent to finish constructing the barbed wire fence along the Durand Line and bring nearby areas under its control; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps

Pakistan-China: none identified

Pakistan-India: Kashmir remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; the Siachen glacier is claimed by both countries and militarily occupied by India: Pakistan opposed India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control (completed in 2004) and the construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River (opened in 2008) in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh in India's Gujarat State as part of Pakistan

Pakistan-Iran: none identified

 

 

" + "text": "

Pakistan-Afghanistan: since 2002, with UN assistance, Pakistan has repatriated about 5.3 million Afghan refugees, leaving about 2.74-3 million; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; in February 2022, amid skirmishes between Taliban and Pakistani forces, Pakistan announced its intent to finish constructing the barbed wire fence along the Durand Line and bring nearby areas under its control; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps

Pakistan-China: none identified

Pakistan-India: Kashmir remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; the Siachen glacier is claimed by both countries and militarily occupied by India: Pakistan opposed India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control (completed in 2004) and the construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River (opened in 2008) in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh in India's Gujarat State as part of Pakistan

 

 

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": {