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europe/fi.json
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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023."
"text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023."
}
},
"Geography": {
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}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2021 est.)"
"text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Finland has a relatively high fertility rate for Europe at about 1.75 children per woman in 2023.  Finnish women have high labor force participation rates, and their educational attainment is higher than that of Finnish men. Finland’s family policy, like other Nordic countries, puts an emphasis on reconciling work and family life.  Both parents can stay at home with an earnings-based allowance until the baby is about 11 months old.  Finland also has a publicly subsidized childcare system.  Alternatively, parents can choose to take care of a small child through home care leave with a flat allowance rate.  These benefits have encouraged fathers to do a greater share of housework and childcare, although women still perform the lion’s share of domestic work.  In other instances, women have reduced the burden of household work by outsourcing domestic chores, rather than men taking on more of the responsibilities.  Finland has high family size ideals compared to other European countries, and childlessness and one-child families are not favored.  The proportion of couples having at least three children has been growing since the 1970s.</p> <p>Finland has historically been a country of emigration.  In the 20th century, Finns emigrated largely in two waves.  Before World War II, the majority of Finns went to North America, and after World War II most went to Sweden, where industrialization was generating much-needed jobs that offered higher salaries and a better standard of living.  In the 1980s and early 1990s, Finnish returnees (mainly from Sweden) began to outnumber Finnish emigrants.  Also arriving in Finland between April 1990 and 2010, were Ingrian Finns – descendants of ethnic Finns who settled near St. Petersburg, Russia, in the 17th century – who immigrated to Finland under the Right of Return Law.  In addition, the country has absorbed immigrants from Russia, Estonia, the former Yugoslavia, and Sweden for a variety of reasons, most commonly for marriage and family reunification.  Finland has also accepted refugees and asylum seekers from Somalia, Iraq, China, and Thailand.</p>"
@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$275.545 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$274.576 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$270.143 billion (2021 est.)"
@ -690,7 +690,7 @@
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$49,600 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$49,400 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$48,800 (2021 est.)"
@ -854,32 +854,34 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$128.15 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$107.084 billion (2019 est.)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 13%, Sweden 9%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "refined petroleum, kaolin coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)"
"text": "refined petroleum, kaolin-coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$134.914 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$106.664 billion (2019 est.)"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 16%, Sweden 15%, Russia 11%, China 7%, Netherlands 7% (2021)"
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},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "454,000 km (2012)"
},
"highways": {
"text": "78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)"
"text": "108,637 km (2019)"
},
"private and forest roads": {
"text": "350,000 km (2012)"