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7
europe/au.json
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@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats - currently 60; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed in 2021<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held by 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election"
"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed in 2021<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held by 23 October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.6%, SPOe 31.2%. FPOe 16.4%, The Greens 8.2%, NEOS 1.6%; seats by party - OeVP 26, SPOe 19, FPOe 10, The Greens 5, NEOS 1; composition as of August 2023 - men 31, women 29, percent of women 48.3%<br><br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26, NEOS 15; composition as of January 2024 - men 108, women 75, percent of women 41%; note - total Federal Assembly percentage of women 42.6%"
@ -1166,10 +1166,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "137,039 km"
},
"paved": {
"text": "137,039 km (2018) (includes 2,232 km of expressways)"
"text": "126,233 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

8
europe/bk.json
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@ -1131,13 +1131,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "22,926 km"
},
"paved": {
"text": "19,426 km (4,652 km of interurban roads)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "3,500 km (2010)"
"text": "8,619 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

43
europe/bu.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007."
"text": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878, and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -655,15 +655,15 @@
"text": "upper-middle-income EU economy; improving living standards and very robust economic growth; coal-based infrastructure; legacy structural vulnerabilities and widespread corruption; increasing Russian economic relations, particularly through energy trade"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$174.307 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$167.804 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$155.902 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$162.328 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -678,15 +678,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$27,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$24,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$22,500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$23,300 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -846,37 +846,38 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$62.514 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$51.505 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$39.541 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$44.041 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports."
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 16%, Romania 8%, Italy 7%, Turkey 7%, Greece 6% (2019)"
"text": "Germany 14%, Romania 10%, Greece 8%, Italy 8%, Turkey 6% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "copper, wheat, electricity, refined petroleum, packaged medicines (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Bulgarian amphetamine production remains a significant illicit trade export"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$62.329 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$50.059 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$50.059 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$38.197 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$38.197 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$41.843 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 11%, Russia 9%, Italy 7%, Romania 7%, Turkey 7% (2019)"
"text": "Germany 12%, Turkey 8%, Greece 8%, Romania 8%, Italy 7% (2021)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "crude petroleum, copper, cars, packaged medicines, refined petroleum (2019)"
@ -1183,13 +1184,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "19,512 km"
},
"paved": {
"text": "19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "277 km (2011)"
"text": "19,117 km (2022)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> does not include Category IV local roads"
},

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europe/cy.json
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@ -1141,16 +1141,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "12,901 km (2016)"
},
"government control": {
"text": "12,901 km (2016) (includes 272 km of expressways)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "8,631 km (2016)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "4,270 km (2016)"
"text": "13,027 km (2022)"
},
"Turkish Cypriot control": {
"text": "7,000 km (2011)"

33
europe/da.json
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@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024); Heir Apparent Crown Prince CHRISTIAN (son of the king, born 15 October 2005); note - Queen MARGRETHE II abdicated on 14 January 2024, the first Danish monarch to voluntarily abdicate since King ERIC III in 1146 (2024)"
"text": "King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024); Heir Apparent Crown Prince CHRISTIAN (son of the king, born 15 October 2005); note - Queen MARGRETHE II abdicated on 14 January 2024, the first Danish monarch to voluntarily abdicate since King ERIC III in 1146"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Mette FREDERIKSEN (since 27 June 2019)"
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$352.436 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$353.799 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$339.472 billion (2021 est.)"
@ -678,7 +678,7 @@
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$59,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$59,900 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$58,000 (2021 est.)"
@ -841,15 +841,16 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$280.167 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$234.262 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$234.262 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$195.729 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$195.729 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$205.019 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 14%, United States 10%, Sweden 10%, China 6%, Norway 5% (2021)"
@ -858,15 +859,16 @@
"text": "packaged medicines, pork, refined petroleum, electric generators, cheese (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$235.768 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$208.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$208.121 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$172.868 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$172.868 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$179.356 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 21%, Sweden 12%, China 9%, Netherlands 8%, Poland 4% (2021)"
@ -1133,10 +1135,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "74,558 km (2017)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "74,558 km (2017) (includes 1,205 km of expressways)"
"text": "73,591 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

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europe/ei.json
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@ -1118,10 +1118,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "99,830 km (2018)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "99,830 km (2018) (includes 2,717 km of expressways)"
"text": "102,227 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

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europe/en.json
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@ -1134,13 +1134,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "47,985 km (2011)"
"text": "89,382 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
@ -1165,7 +1159,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Estonian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Estonian Defense League (Reserves)<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Police and Border Guard Board, Internal Security Service (2023)"
"text": "Estonian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Estonian Defense League (Reserves)<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Police and Border Guard Board, Internal Security Service (2024)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2023": {

5
europe/ez.json
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@ -1154,10 +1154,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "55,744 km (2019) (includes urban and category I, II, III roads)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "55,744 km (2019) (includes 1,252 km of expressways)"
"text": "129,418 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

37
europe/fi.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023."
"text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2021 est.)"
"text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Finland has a relatively high fertility rate for Europe at about 1.75 children per woman in 2023.  Finnish women have high labor force participation rates, and their educational attainment is higher than that of Finnish men. Finland’s family policy, like other Nordic countries, puts an emphasis on reconciling work and family life.  Both parents can stay at home with an earnings-based allowance until the baby is about 11 months old.  Finland also has a publicly subsidized childcare system.  Alternatively, parents can choose to take care of a small child through home care leave with a flat allowance rate.  These benefits have encouraged fathers to do a greater share of housework and childcare, although women still perform the lion’s share of domestic work.  In other instances, women have reduced the burden of household work by outsourcing domestic chores, rather than men taking on more of the responsibilities.  Finland has high family size ideals compared to other European countries, and childlessness and one-child families are not favored.  The proportion of couples having at least three children has been growing since the 1970s.</p> <p>Finland has historically been a country of emigration.  In the 20th century, Finns emigrated largely in two waves.  Before World War II, the majority of Finns went to North America, and after World War II most went to Sweden, where industrialization was generating much-needed jobs that offered higher salaries and a better standard of living.  In the 1980s and early 1990s, Finnish returnees (mainly from Sweden) began to outnumber Finnish emigrants.  Also arriving in Finland between April 1990 and 2010, were Ingrian Finns – descendants of ethnic Finns who settled near St. Petersburg, Russia, in the 17th century – who immigrated to Finland under the Right of Return Law.  In addition, the country has absorbed immigrants from Russia, Estonia, the former Yugoslavia, and Sweden for a variety of reasons, most commonly for marriage and family reunification.  Finland has also accepted refugees and asylum seekers from Somalia, Iraq, China, and Thailand.</p>"
@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$275.545 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$274.576 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$270.143 billion (2021 est.)"
@ -690,7 +690,7 @@
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$49,600 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$49,400 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$48,800 (2021 est.)"
@ -854,32 +854,34 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$128.15 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$116.905 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$97.789 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$107.084 billion (2019 est.)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 13%, Sweden 9%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "refined petroleum, kaolin coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)"
"text": "refined petroleum, kaolin-coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$134.914 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$116.277 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$106.664 billion (2019 est.)"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 16%, Sweden 15%, Russia 11%, China 7%, Netherlands 7% (2021)"
@ -1181,10 +1183,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "454,000 km (2012)"
},
"highways": {
"text": "78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)"
"text": "108,637 km (2019)"
},
"private and forest roads": {
"text": "350,000 km (2012)"

8
europe/fr.json
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@ -1225,13 +1225,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "1,053,215 km (2011)"
},
"urban": {
"text": "654,201 km (2011)"
},
"non-urban": {
"text": "399,014 km (2011)"
"text": "1,090,059 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

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europe/gm.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German reunification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.</p>"
"text": "<p>As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German reunification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -680,15 +680,15 @@
"text": "leading EU service-based export-driven economy; highly skilled and educated labor force; fairly fiscally conservative; energy-related economic disruptions due to Russian gas cessations; increased defense spending and rising debts"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$4.523 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$4.424 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$4.311 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$4.477 trillion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -703,15 +703,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$54,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$53,200 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$51,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$53,900 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -775,7 +775,7 @@
"text": "milk, pork, wheat, beef, potatoes, barley, rapeseeds, chicken, eggs, sugar beets"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "automotive, mechanical engineering, chemicals, electrical and batteries, manufacturing, metals, finance and banking, telecommunications, healthcare, retail"
"text": "<p>iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles</p>"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "3.61% (2021 est.)"
@ -867,38 +867,40 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$2.079 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$2.004 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$2.004 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$1.676 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$1.676 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "United States 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 6% (2021)"
"text": "US 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, UK 6% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, medical cultures and vaccines, aircraft, industrial machinery, medical instruments (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$1.999 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$1.775 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$1.775 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$1.454 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$1.454 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, Italy 6%, France 6% (2021)"
"text": "China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, France 6%, Italy 6%&nbsp; (2021)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, medical cultures/vaccines, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, natural gas, computers (2021)"
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, medical cultures/vaccines, computers (2021)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {

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europe/hr.json
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@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "26,958 km (2015) (includes 1,416 km of expressways)"
"text": "26,958 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

8
europe/hu.json
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@ -1185,13 +1185,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "203,601 km (2014)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "77,087 km (2014) (includes 1,582 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "126,514 km (2014)"
"text": "216,443 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

8
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -1096,13 +1096,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "12,898 km (2012)"
},
"paved/oiled gravel": {
"text": "5,647 km (2012) (excludes urban roads)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "7,251 km (2012)"
"text": "12,905 km (2021)"
}
},
"Merchant marine": {

5
europe/it.json
View file

@ -1176,10 +1176,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "487,700 km (2007)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "487,700 km (2007) (includes 6,700 km of expressways)"
"text": "228,863 km (2021)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

8
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -959,13 +959,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "2,012 km (2015)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "1,921 km (2015) (includes 78 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "91 km (2015)"
"text": "2,248 km (2022)"
}
}
},

12
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -1130,13 +1130,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "70,244 km (2018)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "15,158 km (2018)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "55,086 km (2018)"
"text": "57,972 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
@ -1195,12 +1189,12 @@
"text": "130 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO) (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the National Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory; they also have some domestic security responsibilities, including coast guard functions, search and rescue, humanitarian assistance, and providing support to other internal security services, including the State Border Service, the State Police, and the State Security Service; the Military Police provides protection to the president and other government officials, foreign dignitaries, and key facilities; for external defense, Latvia’s primary security focus is Russia, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; in 2004, Latvia joined NATO and the EU, which it depends on to play a decisive role in Latvia’s security policy; Latvia is actively engaged in both NATO and the EU, as well as bilaterally with its allies in order to bolster its own security and that of the surrounding region; the Latvian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; Latvia also hosts NATO partner forces and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions<br><br>the Land Forces have a single mechanized brigade; since 2017, Latvia has hosted a Canadian-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; in addition, Latvia hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division North; activated 2020), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate NATO battlegroups in Estonia and Latvia; the Land Forces are supplemented by the National Guard, which has four regionally based infantry brigades that are manned mostly by part-time personnel supplemented by some full-time professional soldiers; in peacetime, the brigades participate in emergency, fire and rescue operations, and in the “elimination of consequences caused by emergency situations”<br><br>the Air Force has no combat aircraft; NATO has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Baltics Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; the Naval Forces feature a few patrol vessels and minesweepers; the military also has logistics, military police, special operations forces, and training commands (2023)"
"text": "the National Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory; they also have some domestic security responsibilities, including coast guard functions, search and rescue, humanitarian assistance, and providing support to other internal security services, including the State Border Service, the State Police, and the State Security Service; the Military Police provides protection to the president and other government officials, foreign dignitaries, and key facilities; for external defense, Latvia’s primary security focus is Russia, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; in 2004, Latvia joined NATO and the EU, which it depends on to play a decisive role in Latvia’s security policy; Latvia is actively engaged in both NATO and the EU, as well as bilaterally with its allies in order to bolster its own security and that of the surrounding region; the Latvian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; Latvia also hosts NATO partner forces and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions<br><br>the Land Forces have a single mechanized brigade; since 2017, Latvia has hosted a Canadian-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; in addition, Latvia hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division North; activated 2020), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate NATO battlegroups in Estonia and Latvia; the Land Forces are supplemented by the National Guard, which has four regionally based infantry brigades that are manned by part-time personnel supplemented by some full-time professional soldiers; in peacetime, the brigades participate in emergency, fire and rescue operations, and in the “elimination of consequences caused by emergency situations”<br><br>the Air Force has no combat aircraft; NATO has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Baltics Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; the Naval Forces feature a few patrol vessels and minesweepers; the military also has logistics, military police, special operations forces, and training commands (2024)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Latvia-Belarus</em>: Belarus and Latvia signed joint demarcation map in September 2008</p> <p><em>Latvia-Estonia</em>: demarcation reportedly completed in 1998</p> <p><em>Latvia-Lithuania</em>: boundary demarcation was completed by the end of 1998; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights</p> <p><em>Latvia-Russia</em>: Russia has criticized the Latvian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Latvia; in March 2007, Latvia and Russia signed a border treaty, which included Latvia withdrawing claims to a district now in Russia that was part of Latvia before World War II; the permanent demarcation of the boundary between Latvia and Russia was completed and came into force in April 2018; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules with Russia</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Latvia-Belarus</em>: Belarus and Latvia signed joint demarcation map in September 2008</p> <p><em>Latvia-Estonia</em>: demarcation reportedly completed in 1998</p> <p><em>Latvia-Lithuania</em>: boundary demarcation was completed by the end of 1998; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights</p> <p><em>Latvia-Russia</em>: tensions with Russia have risen considerably since its invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which Latvia has strongly condemned and has since designated Russia a state sponsor of terrorism and expelled the Russian ambassador; Russia has criticized the Latvian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Latvia; in March 2007, Latvia and Russia signed a border treaty, which included Latvia withdrawing claims to a district now in Russia that was part of Latvia before World War II; the permanent demarcation of the boundary between Latvia and Russia was completed and came into force in April 2018; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules with Russia</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

12
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -1157,13 +1157,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "84,166 km (2012)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "72,297 km (2012) (includes 312 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "11,869 km (2012)"
"text": "83,821 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
@ -1191,7 +1185,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos), Special Operations Forces (Specialiuju Operaciju Pajegos); National Defense Volunteer Forces (Krašto Apsaugos Savanorių Pajegos or KASP); National Riflemen's Union (Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga) (2023)",
"text": "Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos), Special Operations Forces (Specialiuju Operaciju Pajegos); National Defense Volunteer Forces (Krašto Apsaugos Savanorių Pajegos or KASP); National Riflemen's Union (Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government that cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the armed forces<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces"
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -1225,7 +1219,7 @@
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994<br><br>the Land Forces form the backbone of the country’s defense force; the active Land Forces comprise a mechanized infantry brigade and a motorized infantry brigade; they are supplemented by the part-time National Defense Volunteer Forces, which are organized into six district-based territorial units; since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative<br><br>Lithuania has no combat aircraft but has a ground air defense unit, and NATO has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base; Lithuania’s Naval Forces have small patrol vessel and mine warfare squadrons; the Special Operations Forces have air, ground, and naval units for missions such as counterterrorism, direct action, hostage rescue, military assistance, and reconnaissance (2023)"
"text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994<br><br>the Land Forces form the backbone of the country’s defense force; the active Land Forces comprise a mechanized infantry brigade and a motorized infantry brigade; they are supplemented by the part-time National Defense Volunteer Forces, which are organized into six district-based territorial units; since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative<br><br>Lithuania has no combat aircraft but has a ground air defense unit, and NATO has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base; Lithuania’s Naval Forces have small patrol vessel and mine warfare squadrons; the Special Operations Forces have air, ground, and naval units for missions such as counterterrorism, direct action, hostage rescue, military assistance, and reconnaissance (2024)"
}
},
"Space": {

6
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -556,10 +556,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 30 September 2023; next election to be held in February 2024"
"text": "last held on 30 September 2023 (next to be held in February 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2023:</em> percent of vote by party - SMER-SSD 23%, PS 18%, Hlas-SD 14.7%, OL'aNO 8.9%, KDH 6.8%, SaS 6.3%, SNS 5.6%; seats by party SMER-SSD 42, PS 32, Hlas-SD 27, OL'aNO 16, KDH 12, SaS 11, 10<br><br><em>2020</em>; percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina or SR 8.2%, LSNS 8%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi or ZL 5.8%, other 28.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12; composition (as of April 2023) - men 117, women 33, percent of women 22%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - SMER-SSD 23%, PS 18%, Hlas-SD 14.7%, OL'aNO 8.9%, KDH 6.8%, SaS 6.3%, SNS 5.6%; seats by party SMER-SSD 42, PS 32, Hlas-SD 27, OL'aNO 16, KDH 12, SaS 11, 10<br><br>composition (as of April 2023) - men 117, women 33, percent of women 22%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "56,926 km (2016) (includes local roads, national roads, and 464 km of highways)"
"text": "45,106 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

52
europe/md.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>A large portion of present day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.</p> <p>Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010-19, but pro-Russia Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016 and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in November 2020 and the Party of Action and Solidarity, which SANDU founded in 2015, won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in July 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in August 2021. In February 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.</p> <p>Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010-19, but pro-Russia Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016 and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in November 2020 and the Party of Action and Solidarity, which SANDU founded in 2015, won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in July 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in August 2021. In February 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -642,15 +642,15 @@
"text": "upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$33.789 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$36.637 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$32.153 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$34.715 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -665,15 +665,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$13,300 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$14,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$12,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$13,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -818,35 +818,37 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$5.983 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$4.197 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$4.197 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$3.222 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$3.222 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$3.662 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Romania 27%, Russia 9%, Italy 9%, Germany 9%, Turkey 6%, Poland 5% (2019)"
"text": "Romania 24%, Russia 9%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7%, Italy 7% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "insulated wiring, wheat, sunflower seeds, rolled iron, wine, corn, seats (2021)"
"text": "insulated wiring, sunflower seeds, wine, corn, seats (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$10.082 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$7.915 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$7.915 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$5.918 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$5.918 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$6.608 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Romania 20%, Russia 10%, Ukraine 9%, Germany 8%, China 7%, Turkey 6%, Italy 6% (2019)"
"text": "Romania 18%, Russia 13%, Ukraine 11%, China 9%, Germany 7% (2021)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "refined petroleum, cars, insulated wiring, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment (2019)"
@ -1116,13 +1118,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "9,352 km (2012)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "8,835 km (2012)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "517 km (2012)"
"text": "9,488 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
@ -1139,7 +1135,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova (Forțele Armate ale Republicii Moldova): National Army (comprised of a General Staff, a Land Forces Command, and an Air Force Command); Ministry of Internal Affairs: General Carabinieri Inspectorate (aka Carabinieri Troops or Trupele de Carabinieri) (2023)",
"text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova (Forțele Armate ale Republicii Moldova): National Army (comprised of a General Staff, a Land Forces Command, and an Air Force Command); Ministry of Internal Affairs: General Carabinieri Inspectorate (aka Carabinieri Troops or Trupele de Carabinieri) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Carabinieri is a quasi-militarized gendarmerie responsible for protecting public buildings, maintaining public order, and other national security functions<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the national police force reports to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and is the primary law enforcement body, responsible for internal security, public order, traffic, border security, and criminal investigations; the Moldovan Border Police (Poliției de Frontieră) are under the Ministry of Internal Affairs; prior to 2012, Border Police were under the armed forces and known as the Border Troops"
},
"Military expenditures": {

14
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -1156,13 +1156,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "7,762 km (2010)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "7,141 km (2010)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "621 km (2010)"
"text": "9,825 km (2022)"
}
},
"Merchant marine": {
@ -1181,7 +1175,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Army of Montenegro (Vojska Crne Gore or VCG): Ground Forces (Kopnene snage), Air Force (Vazduhoplovstvo), Navy (Mornarica) (2023)",
"text": "Army of Montenegro (Vojska Crne Gore or VCG): Ground Forces (Kopnene snage), Air Force (Vazduhoplovstvo), Navy (Mornarica) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Police Force, which includes Border Police, is responsible for maintaining internal security; it is organized under the Police Administration within the Ministry of Interior and reports to the police director and, through the director, to the minister of interior and prime minister"
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -1212,14 +1206,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2023, women made up over 15% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Army of Montenegro is a small military focused on the defense of Montenegro’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, cooperating in international and multinational security, and assisting civil authorities during emergencies such as natural disasters; since Montenegro joined NATO in 2017, another focus has been integrating into the Alliance, including adapting NATO standards for planning and professionalization, structural reforms, and modernization by replacing its Soviet-era equipment; the Army trains and exercises with NATO partners and actively supports NATO missions and operations, committing small numbers of troops in Afghanistan, Kosovo, and NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in Eastern Europe; a few personnel have also been deployed on EU- and UN-led operations<br><br>the combat units of the Ground Forces include an infantry battalion, plus artillery and special forces; there are two additional infantry battalions in reserve; the Air Force has ground air defense units but no combat aircraft; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a small inventory of coastal patrol craft and patrol boats, plus a marine/special forces detachment  (2023)"
"text": "the Army of Montenegro is a small military focused on the defense of Montenegro’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, cooperating in international and multinational security, and assisting civil authorities during emergencies such as natural disasters; since Montenegro joined NATO in 2017, another focus has been integrating into the Alliance, including adapting NATO standards for planning and professionalization, structural reforms, and modernization by replacing its Soviet-era equipment; the Army trains and exercises with NATO partners and actively supports NATO missions and operations, committing small numbers of troops in Afghanistan, Kosovo, and NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in Eastern Europe; a few personnel have also been deployed on EU- and UN-led operations<br><br>the combat units of the Ground Forces include an infantry battalion, plus artillery and special forces; there are two additional infantry battalions in reserve; the Air Force has ground air defense units but no combat aircraft; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a small inventory of coastal patrol craft and patrol boats, plus a marine/special forces detachment (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Montenegro-Albania</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina</em>: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Croatia</em>: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Kosovo</em>: a 2015 border agreement was ratified by Montenegro in 2015 and by Kosovo in 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Serbia</em>: The former republic boundary – when the two countries were one and called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p><em>Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina</em>: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Croatia</em>: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Kosovo</em>: a 2015 border agreement was ratified by Montenegro in 2015 and by Kosovo in 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Serbia</em>: The former republic boundary – when the two countries were one and called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

10
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -1100,13 +1100,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "14,182 km (2017) (includes 290 km of expressways)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "9,633 km (2017)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "4,549 km (2017)"
"text": "15,170 km (2022)"
}
}
},
@ -1143,7 +1137,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2023, women made up about 10% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (ARSM) is responsible for the defense of the country’s territory and independence, fulfilling North Macedonia’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to EU, NATO, and UN peace and security missions; the ARSM has participated in multinational missions and operations in Afghanistan (NATO), Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Eastern Europe (NATO), Iraq (NATO), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN); a key area of focus over the past decade has been improving capabilities and bringing the largely Soviet-era-equipped ARSM up to NATO standards; it has increased its participation in NATO training exercises since becoming the 30th member of the Alliance in 2020 and currently has small numbers of combat troops deployed to Bulgaria and Romania as part of NATO’s Enhance Forward Presence mission implemented because of Russian military aggression against Ukraine<br><br>the ARSM is a joint force led by a general staff with subordinate commands for operations, logistics, reserves, special operations, and training; the Operational Command includes the active air and ground combat forces, which include a mechanized infantry brigade, an air brigade with a small combat helicopter squadron, and a ground air defense unit; the Special Operations Command has battalions of rangers and special forces, while the Reserve Forces Command has an infantry brigade (2023)"
"text": "the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (ARSM) is responsible for the defense of the country’s territory and independence, fulfilling North Macedonia’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to EU, NATO, and UN peace and security missions; the ARSM has participated in multinational missions and operations in Afghanistan (NATO), Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Eastern Europe (NATO), Iraq (NATO), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN); a key area of focus over the past decade has been improving capabilities and bringing the largely Soviet-era-equipped ARSM up to NATO standards; it has increased its participation in NATO training exercises since becoming the 30th member of the Alliance in 2020 and currently has small numbers of combat troops deployed to Bulgaria and Romania as part of NATO’s Enhance Forward Presence mission implemented because of Russian military aggression against Ukraine<br><br>the ARSM is a joint force led by a general staff with subordinate commands for operations, logistics, reserves, special operations, and training; the Operational Command includes the active air and ground combat forces, which include a mechanized infantry brigade, an air brigade with a small combat helicopter squadron, and a ground air defense unit; the Special Operations Command has battalions of rangers and special forces, while the Reserve Forces Command has an infantry brigade (2024)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

16
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -1087,19 +1087,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "3,096 km (2008)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "2,704 km (2008)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "392 km (2008)"
},
"urban": {
"text": "1,422 km (2001)"
},
"non-urban": {
"text": "832 km (2001)"
"text": "2,855 km (2021)"
}
},
"Merchant marine": {
@ -1124,7 +1112,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) is a joint force with land, maritime, and air elements, plus a Volunteer Reserve Force (2023)",
"text": "the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) is a joint force with land, maritime, and air elements, plus a Volunteer Reserve Force (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Malta Police Force maintains internal security; both the Police and the AFM report to the Ministry of Home Affairs, National Security, and Law Enforcement"
},
"Military expenditures": {

8
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "139,124 km (2016) (includes 3,654 km of expressways)"
"text": "139,027 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Netherlands (Dutch) Armed Forces (Nederlandse Krijgsmacht): Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Military Constabulary) (2023)",
"text": "Netherlands (Dutch) Armed Forces (Nederlandse Krijgsmacht): Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Military Constabulary) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Netherlands Coast Guard and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard are civilian in nature but managed by the Royal Netherlands Navy<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the national police maintain internal security in the Netherlands and report to the Ministry of Justice and Security, which oversees law enforcement organizations, as do the justice ministries in Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten"
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of weapons systems; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; the military is an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997; must be a citizen of the Netherlands (2023)",
"text": "17 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; the military is an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997; must be a citizen of the Netherlands (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in 2023, women made up about 14% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the Netherlands, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Dutch military is charged with the three core tasks of defending the country’s national territory and that of its allies, enforcing the national and international rule of law, and providing assistance during disasters and other crises; it also has some domestic security duties, including in the Dutch Caribbean territories; the military operates globally but rarely carries out military operations independently and focuses on cooperating with the armed forces of other countries, particularly with Belgium, Denmark, Germany, and the UK to include combined military units<br><br>the Netherlands has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and the Dutch military is heavily involved in NATO missions and operations with air, ground, and naval forces, including air policing missions over the Benelux countries and Eastern Europe, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and several NATO naval flotillas, as well as standby units for NATO’s rapid response force; the military has previously deployed forces to NATO-led operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo and also regularly contributes to EU- and UN-led missions<br><br>the Dutch military is a professional force and conforms to NATO standards; the Army is experienced, equipped with modern weapons, and exercises regularly, including with allied partners; it has three brigades of mechanized, light, and air mobile infantry, plus artillery, air defense, and commando/special forces units; the Army cooperates closely with the German Army, including having its air mobile and mechanized brigades assigned to German divisional headquarters; in addition, the Army shares with the Germans command of a NATO high-readiness corps-level headquarters, which can be ready for deployment inside or outside NATO territory within 20 days; in 2020, Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands formed a joint composite special operations component command<br><br>founded in the late 1400s, the Royal Netherlands Navy is one of the oldest naval forces in the World and conducts a variety of missions worldwide; in addition to its close ties with NATO, the Navy cooperates closely with the Belgian Navy, including a joint staff known as the Admiralty Benelux; it has a command responsible for the activities of Dutch naval units in the Caribbean, which includes combating drug trafficking, environmental crime, and illegal fishing, as well as providing search and rescue and disaster relief capabilities; the Netherlands has naval bases on Curaçao and Aruba; the Navy’s principal warships are 10 frigates and ocean-going patrol ships and three attack submarines; the Marine Corps has two battalion-size combat groups and special operations forces; since 1973, it has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force<br><br>the Air Force operates globally and is equipped with about 50 modern US-origin combat aircraft, including F-35 stealth multirole fighters; the Air Force has a helicopter command with attack and other combat-capable helicopters; Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg have an agreement to allow the Belgian and Dutch Air Forces to conduct air policing patrols over the three countries<br><br>the core missions of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee’s (military police) are border security, security and surveillance, and international and military police tasks; it has 21 brigades based in eight Dutch provinces, plus Curaçao in the Caribbean, a special missions security brigade, and separate security platoons to guard and protect domestic sites that are most likely to be the targets of attacks, such as government buildings; Marechaussee detachments have been included in international police units deployed by NATO<br><br>the Dutch military is also part of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a defense framework of 10 Northern European nations designed to provide security to the High North, North Atlantic, and the Baltic Sea Region in response to a crisis (2023)"
"text": "the Dutch military is charged with the three core tasks of defending the country’s national territory and that of its allies, enforcing the national and international rule of law, and providing assistance during disasters and other crises; it also has some domestic security duties, including in the Dutch Caribbean territories; the military operates globally but rarely carries out military operations independently and focuses on cooperating with the armed forces of other countries, particularly with Belgium, Denmark, Germany, and the UK to include combined military units<br><br>the Netherlands has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and the Dutch military is heavily involved in NATO missions and operations with air, ground, and naval forces, including air policing missions over the Benelux countries and Eastern Europe, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and several NATO naval flotillas, as well as standby units for NATO’s rapid response force; the military has previously deployed forces to NATO-led operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo and also regularly contributes to EU- and UN-led missions<br><br>the Dutch military conforms to NATO standards; the Army is experienced, equipped with modern weapons, and exercises regularly, including with allied partners; it has three brigades of mechanized, light, and air mobile infantry, plus artillery, air defense, and commando/special forces units; the Army cooperates closely with the German Army, including having its air mobile and mechanized brigades assigned to German divisional headquarters; in addition, the Army shares with the Germans command of a NATO high-readiness corps-level headquarters, which can be ready for deployment inside or outside NATO territory within 20 days; in 2020, Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands formed a joint composite special operations component command<br><br>founded in the late 1400s, the Royal Netherlands Navy is one of the oldest naval forces in the World and conducts a variety of missions worldwide; in addition to its close ties with NATO, the Navy cooperates closely with the Belgian Navy, including a joint staff known as the Admiralty Benelux; it has a command responsible for the activities of Dutch naval units in the Caribbean, which includes combating drug trafficking, environmental crime, and illegal fishing, as well as providing search and rescue and disaster relief capabilities; the Netherlands has naval bases on Curaçao and Aruba; the Navy’s principal warships are 10 frigates and ocean-going patrol ships and three attack submarines; the Marine Corps has two battalion-size combat groups and special operations forces; since 1973, it has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force<br><br>the Air Force operates globally and is equipped with about 50 modern US-origin combat aircraft, including F-35 stealth multirole fighters; the Air Force has a helicopter command with attack and other combat-capable helicopters; Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg have an agreement to allow the Belgian and Dutch Air Forces to conduct air policing patrols over the three countries<br><br>the core missions of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee’s (military police) are border security, security and surveillance, and international and military police tasks; it has 21 brigades based in eight Dutch provinces, plus Curaçao in the Caribbean, a special missions security brigade, and separate security platoons to guard and protect domestic sites that are most likely to be the targets of attacks, such as government buildings; Marechaussee detachments have been included in international police units deployed by NATO<br><br>the Dutch military is also part of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a defense framework of 10 Northern European nations designed to provide security to the High North, North Atlantic, and the Baltic Sea Region in response to a crisis (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {

4
europe/no.json
View file

@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "94,902 km (2018) (includes 455 km of expressways)"
"text": "95,120 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Norway, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of focus is its far northern border with Russia<br><br>Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates regularly in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East; the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict with a focus on the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; the Forsvaret participates in UN missions in such areas as Africa and the Middle East; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities <br><br>the Forsvaret is a compact and mixed force of conscripts and professionals that trains regularly and is equipped with modern weapons systems; its origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast; the Army was created in 1628; its principal combat forces are a mechanized infantry brigade, plus a special operations commando (group); the Finnmark Land Command safeguards Norway's northernmost land territories and the land border with Russia; the Army is supplemented by the Home Guard (Heimevernet or HV), a reserve mobilization and national emergency force consisting of some 40,000 part-time soldiers spread over 11 districts where they have territorial responsibility for protecting key civilian and military installations and may assist civil authorities during natural disasters and search and rescue operations; the HV includes several rapid-reaction intervention task forces<br><br>the Navy is comprised of the fleet, the Coast Guard, and several bases; the fleet has a small mix of frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines, as well as mine warfare vessels; it also has a special operations group and the Coastal Hunter Command (Kystjegerkommandoen), which monitors coastal seas and land; the Air Force has about 60 US-made combat aircraft and will have a new fully operational fleet of US F-35 stealth multirole fighters by 2025 (2023)"
"text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of focus is its far northern border with Russia<br><br>Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates regularly in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East; the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict with a focus on the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; the Forsvaret participates in UN missions in such areas as Africa and the Middle East; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities <br><br>the Forsvaret is a compact and mixed force of conscripts and professionals that trains regularly and is equipped with modern weapons systems; its origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast; the Army was created in 1628; its principal combat forces are a mechanized infantry brigade, plus a special operations commando (group); the Finnmark Land Command safeguards Norway's northernmost land territories and the land border with Russia; the Army is supplemented by the Home Guard (Heimevernet or HV), a reserve mobilization and national emergency force consisting of some 40,000 part-time soldiers spread over 11 districts where they have territorial responsibility for protecting key civilian and military installations and may assist civil authorities during natural disasters and search and rescue operations; the HV includes several rapid-reaction intervention task forces<br><br>the Navy is comprised of the fleet, the Coast Guard, and several bases; the fleet has a small mix of frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines, as well as mine warfare vessels; it also has a special operations group and the Coastal Hunter Command (Kystjegerkommandoen), which monitors coastal seas and land; the Air Force has about 60 US-made combat aircraft and is slated to have a new fully operational fleet of US F-35 stealth multirole fighters by 2025 (2024)"
}
},
"Space": {

8
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -1175,13 +1175,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "420,000 km (2016)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "291,000 km (2016) (includes 1,492 km of expressways, 1,559 of motorways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "129,000 km (2016)"
"text": "427,580 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

8
europe/po.json
View file

@ -1135,13 +1135,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "82,900 km (2008)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "11,606 km (2008)"
"text": "11,217 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

11
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -304,9 +304,6 @@
},
"food or waterborne diseases": {
"text": "bacterial diarrhea"
},
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever"
}
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
@ -1159,13 +1156,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "44,248 km (2016)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "16,248 km (2016)"
"text": "45,022 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

50
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist \"people's republic\" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007."
"text": "The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856. They were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist \"people's republic\" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -667,15 +667,15 @@
"text": "high-income, service- and industrial-based European economy; EU member but non-euro user until convergence criteria met; sustained growth prior to COVID-19; major FDI recipient; flat taxation structure; digital hub of Eastern Europe"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$618.95 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$588.451 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$559.896 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$581.272 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -690,15 +690,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$32,500 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$30,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$29,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$30,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beet, rapeseed, plums/sloes"
"text": "maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seeds, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beets, rapeseed, plums/sloes"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials"
@ -857,35 +857,37 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$129.215 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$115.879 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$93.024 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 22%, Italy 10%, France 7% (2019)"
"text": "Germany 20%, Italy 10%, France 6%, Hungary 5%, Poland 4% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, insulated wiring, refined petroleum, electrical control boards, seats (2019)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$149.876 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$132.056 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$103.899 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019)"
"text": "Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 6% (2021)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment (2019)"
@ -1172,13 +1174,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "84,185 km (2012)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "34,312 km (2012)"
"text": "85,387 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

5
europe/si.json
View file

@ -1159,10 +1159,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "38,985 km (2012)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)"
"text": "38,125 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

5
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -1185,10 +1185,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "683,175 km (2011)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)"
"text": "150,110 km (2021)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

41
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 57.6%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 33.5% (2019 est.)",
"text": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden"
},
"Demographic profile": {
@ -654,11 +654,11 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "small, open, competitive, and thriving economy that remains outside of the euro zone; has achieved an enviable standard of living, with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits"
"text": "high-income, knowledge-based economy; EU member but non-euro user (refuses to peg krona to euro); large welfare state that complements its free-market capitalism; high living standards, environmental protections, income and gender equality; rebounding well from COVID-19 disruptions"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$574.877 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$580.099 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$558.427 billion (2021 est.)"
@ -681,7 +681,7 @@
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$54,800 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$55,300 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$53,600 (2021 est.)"
@ -847,15 +847,16 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$312.136 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$290.793 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$290.793 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$241.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$241.94 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$257.293 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 10%, Norway 9%, United States 8%, Denmark 8%, Finland 6% (2021)"
@ -864,15 +865,16 @@
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, lumber, iron, broadcasting equipment (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$294.817 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$263.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$263.269 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$217.165 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$217.165 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$233.648 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 18%, Netherlands 9%, Norway 8%, China 7%, Denmark 7% (2021)"
@ -1173,15 +1175,8 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "573,134 km (2016) (includes 2,050 km of expressways)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "140,100 km (2016)"
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "433,034 km (2016)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes 98,500 km of state roads, 433,034 km of private roads, and 41,600 km of municipal roads"
"text": "197,964 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {
"text": "2,052 km (2010)"

5
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -1165,10 +1165,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "71,557 km (2017)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "71,557 km (2017) (includes 1,458 of expressways)"
"text": "83,131 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

5
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -1180,10 +1180,7 @@
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
"text": "394,428 km (2009)"
},
"paved": {
"text": "394,428 km (2009) (includes 3,519 km of expressways)"
"text": "416,461 km (2022)"
}
},
"Waterways": {

24
europe/up.json
View file

@ -859,32 +859,34 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$56.909 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$81.504 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$81.504 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$60.707 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$60.707 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$63.556 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "China 12%, Poland 7%, Turkey 6%, Russia 5%, Italy 5% (2021)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "iron and iron products, sunflower seed oils, wheat, corn, insulated wiring, rapeseed (2021)"
"text": "corn, sunflower seed oils, iron/iron products, wheat, insulated wiring, rapeseed (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$83.863 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$84.175 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$84.175 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$63.085 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
"text": "$63.085 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$76.067 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "China 14%, Russia 11%, Poland 9%, Germany 9%, Belarus 6% (2021)"