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10
middle-east/ae.json
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@ -537,11 +537,17 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers announced by the prime minister and approved by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council - composed of the rulers of the 7 emirates - for a 5-year term (no term limits); unscheduled election held on 14 May 2022, following the death of President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (next election expected in 2027); prime minister appointed by the president"
"text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council -- composed of the rulers of the 7 emirates -- for a 5-year term (no term limits);  prime minister appointed by the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "unscheduled election held on 14 May 2022, after the death of President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022:</em> MUHAMMAD BIN ZAYID Al-Nuhayyan elected president; Federal Supreme Council vote - NA"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2027"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Federal Supreme Council (FSC) is composed of the 7 emirate rulers and is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; the FSC establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets 4 times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -646,7 +652,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden falcon"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "green, white, black, red"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/aj.json
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@ -541,10 +541,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; election last held on 7 February 2024 (next to be held in 2031); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "7 February 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2%<em>; </em>on 16 February 2024, Ali ASADOV reappointed prime minister by parliamentary vote, 105-1<em><br><br>2018:</em> Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2031"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -648,7 +654,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "flames of fire"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, red, green"
},
"National anthem": {

14
middle-east/am.json
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@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
}
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second largest city in the country"
"text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts"
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
"text": "-5.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second largest city in the country"
"text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -545,10 +545,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds if needed for a single 7-year term; election last held on 2 and 3 March 2022 (next election to be held in 2029); prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds if needed by the National Assembly"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds, if needed, for a single 7-year term; prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds, if needed, by the National Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "3 March 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2022: </em>Vahagn KHACHATURYAN elected president in second round; note - Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (independent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 71-0<br><em><br>2018:</em> Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN (indpendent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -653,7 +659,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Mount Ararat, eagle, lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, blue, orange"
},
"National anthem": {

2
middle-east/ba.json
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@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "a white serrated band with five white points on top of a red field"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/gg.json
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@ -545,10 +545,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; election last held on 14 December 2024; next election in 2029; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president"
"text": "president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "14 December 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (Georgian Dream Party) was formally inaugurated on 29 December 2024<br><em><br>2024: </em>Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10<em><br><br>2018:</em> Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -600,7 +606,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires&nbsp;Khatuna KVESELAVA (since 31 December 2024)"
"text": "Ambassador-designate Tamar TALIASHVILI; Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Khatuna KVESELAVA (since 31 December 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009"
@ -653,7 +659,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Saint George, lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -1169,7 +1175,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>approximately 6-7,000 individuals are called up annually for conscription for service; conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions <br><br>Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2024)"
"text": "the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions <br><br>Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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middle-east/ir.json
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@ -571,7 +571,10 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 28 June 2024 first round (runoff held on 5 July 2024)"
"text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term)"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "28 June 2024, with runoff held on 5 July 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>first round results - Masoud PEZESHKIAN (independent) 44.4%, Saeed JALILI (Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) 40.4%, Mohammad Baqer QAKIBAF (Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran) 14.3%, other 0.9%; second round results - Masoud PEZESHKIAN elected; Masoud PEZESHKIAN 54.8%, Saeed JALILI 45.2%<br><em><br>2021:</em> Ebrahim RAISI elected president; percent of vote - Ebrahim RAISI (independent) 72.4%, Mohsen REZAI (RFII) 13.8%, Abbdolnaser HEMATI (ECP) 9.8%, Amir-Hosein Qazizadeh-HASHEMI (Islamic Law Party) 4%"
@ -645,7 +648,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "green, white, red"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/is.json
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@ -548,10 +548,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a single 7-year term; election last held on 2 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2028); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a new government"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a single 7-year term; following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a new government"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "2 June 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2021:</em> Isaac HERZOG elected president; Knesset vote in first round - Isaac HERZOG (independent) 87, Miriam PERETZ (independent) 26, invalid/blank 7<br><br><em>2014:</em> Reuven RIVLIN elected president in second round; Knesset vote - Reuven RIVLIN (Likud) 63, Meir SHEETRIT (The Movement) 53, other/invalid 4 <p> </p>"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "June 2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -661,7 +667,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Star of David (Magen David), menorah (seven-branched lampstand)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -678,7 +684,7 @@
"text": "9 (all cultural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Masada; Old City of Acre; White City of Tel-Aviv - the Modern Movement; Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba; Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev; Bah&aacute;&rsquo;i Holy Places; Sites of Human Evolution at Mount Carmel; Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin; Necropolis of Bet She&rsquo;arim"
"text": "Masada; Old City of Acre; White City of Tel-Aviv - the Modern Movement; Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba; Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev; Bahá’i Holy Places; Sites of Human Evolution at Mount Carmel; Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin; Necropolis of Bet She’arim"
}
}
},

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middle-east/iz.json
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@ -549,7 +549,10 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, approved by Council of Representatives (COR)"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by COR to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); COR parliamentary election for president last held on 13 October 2022 (next to be held NA)"
"text": "president indirectly elected by COR to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "13 October 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022: </em>Latif RASHID elected president in second round; COR vote in first round - Latif RASHID (PUK) 157, Barham SALIH (PUK) 99; COR vote in second round - Latif RASHID 167, Barham SALIH 99; Mohammed Shia' al-SUDANI approved as prime minister<em><br><br>2018:</em> Barham SALIH elected president in second round; COR vote in first round - Barham SALIH (PUK) 165, Fuad HUSAYN (KDP) 90; COR vote in second round - Barham SALIH 219, Fuad HUSAYN 22; Adil ABD AL-MAHDI approved as prime minister"
@ -657,7 +660,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, black"
},
"National anthem": {

2
middle-east/jo.json
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@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "black, white, green, red"
},
"National anthem": {

2
middle-east/ku.json
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@ -612,7 +612,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden falcon"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "green, white, red, black"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/le.json
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@ -542,10 +542,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and the National Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by a qualified majority of two-thirds of Parliament members in the first round and if needed a two-thirds quorum of members by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); last held on 9 January 2025 (next to be held in 2031); prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly"
"text": "president indirectly elected by a qualified majority of two-thirds of Parliament members in the first round and, if needed, a two-thirds quorum of members by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "9 January 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2025: </em>Joseph AOUN elected president in second round; National Assembly vote - 99 of 128<br><em><br>2016:</em> Michel AWN elected president in second round; National Assembly vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83; the president elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2031"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -650,7 +656,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "cedar tree"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, green"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/mu.json
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@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "khanjar dagger on top of two crossed swords"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, green"
},
"National anthem": {

2
middle-east/qa.json
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@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "a white serrated band with nine white points on top of a maroon field"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "maroon, white"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/sa.json
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@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch every 4 years and includes many royal family members"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; an Allegiance Council created by royal decree in 2006 established a committee of Saudi princes for a voice in selecting future Saudi kings"
"text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; an Allegiance Council created by royal decree in 2006 established a committee of Saudi princes who have a voice in selecting future Saudi kings"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "palm tree over two crossed swords"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "green, white"
},
"National anthem": {

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middle-east/sy.json
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@ -518,10 +518,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 May 2021 (next to be held in 2028); the president appoints the vice president and prime minister"
"text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); the president appoints the vice president and prime minister"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "26 May 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2021: </em>Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD (Ba'th Party) 95.2%, Mahmoud Ahmad MAREI (Democratic Arab Socialist Union) 3.3%, other 1.5%<br><br><em>2014: </em>Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD (Ba'th Party) 88.7%, Hassan al-NOURI (independent) 4.3%, Maher HAJJER (independent) 3.2%, other/invalid 3.8%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -597,7 +603,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "northern bald ibis"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, black, green"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -614,7 +620,7 @@
"text": "6 (all cultural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Ancient City of Damascus; Ancient City of Bosra; Site of Palmyra; Ancient City of Aleppo; Crac des Chevaliers and Qal&rsquo;at Salah El-Din; Ancient Villages of Northern Syria"
"text": "Ancient City of Damascus; Ancient City of Bosra; Site of Palmyra; Ancient City of Aleppo; Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din; Ancient Villages of Northern Syria"
}
}
},

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middle-east/tu.json
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@ -572,10 +572,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 May 2023 with a runoff on 28 May 2023 (next to be held in 2028)"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "14 May 2023, with a runoff on 28 May 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in second round - Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.2%, Kemal KILICDAROGLU (CHP) 47.8%<em><br><br>2018:</em> Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in first round - Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.6%, Muharrem INCE (CHP) 30.6%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 8.4%, Meral AKSENER (IYI) 7.3%, other 1.1%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -686,7 +692,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "vertical crescent moon with adjacent five-pointed star"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -703,7 +709,7 @@
"text": "21 (19 cultural, 2 mixed)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "<p>Archaeological Site of Troy (c); Ephesus (c); Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape (c); Hierapolis-Pamukkale (m); Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia (m); Göbekli Tepe (c); Historic Areas of Istanbul (c); Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex (c); Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük (c); Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire (c); Gordion (c); Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği (c); Hattusha: the Hittite Capital (c); Nemrut Dağ (c);  Xanthos-Letoon (c); City of Safranbolu (c); Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape (c); Ephesus (c); Archaeological Site of Ani (c); Aphrodisias (c); Arslantepe Mound (c); Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia (c); Turkmenistan (c)</p>"
"text": "<p>Archaeological Site of Troy (c); Ephesus (c); Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape (c); Hierapolis-Pamukkale (m); Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia (m); Göbekli Tepe (c); Historic Areas of Istanbul (c); Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex (c); Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük (c); Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire (c); Gordion (c); Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği (c); Hattusha: the Hittite Capital (c); Nemrut Dağ (c);  Xanthos-Letoon (c); City of Safranbolu (c); Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape (c); Archaeological Site of Ani (c); Aphrodisias (c); Arslantepe Mound (c); Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia (c); Turkmenistan (c)</p>"
}
}
},

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middle-east/ym.json
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@ -524,12 +524,15 @@
"text": "24 members from northern and southern Yemen, with representatives from Yemen's major political parties"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 February 2012 (next election NA); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister appointed by the president"
"text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister appointed by the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "21 February 2012"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2012:</em> Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (GPC) elected consensus president"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> on 7 April 2022, President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI announced his abdication, the dismissal of Vice President ALI MUHSIN al-Ahmar and the formation of a Presidential Leadership Council, an eight-member body chaired by former minister Rashad AL-ALIMI; on 19 April 2022, the Council was sworn in before Parliament and began assuming the responsibilities of the president and vice president and carrying out the political, security, and military duties of the government; in May 2025 Chairperson al-ALIMI made changes to his cabinet"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> on 7 April 2022, President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI announced his abdication, the dismissal of Vice President ALI MUHSIN al-Ahmar and the formation of a Presidential Leadership Council, an eight-member body chaired by former minister Rashad AL-ALIMI; on 19 April 2022, the Council was sworn in before Parliament and began assuming the responsibilities of the president and vice president and carrying out the political, security, and military duties of the government; in May 2025, Chairperson al-ALIMI made changes to his cabinet"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"legislature name": {
@ -651,7 +654,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, black"
},
"National anthem": {