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10
europe/al.json
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@ -561,10 +561,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and approved by the Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); a candidate needs three-fifths majority vote of the Assembly in 1 of 3 rounds or a simple majority in 2 additional rounds to become president; election last held in 4 rounds on 16, 23, and 30 May and 4 June 2022 (next election to be held in 2027); prime minister appointed by the president on the proposal of the majority party or coalition of parties in the Assembly"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); a candidate needs three-fifths majority vote of the Assembly in 1 of 3 rounds or a simple majority in 2 additional rounds to become president; prime minister appointed by the president on the proposal of the majority party or coalition of parties in the Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "held in 4 rounds on 16, 23, and 30 May and 4 June 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022: </em>Bajram BEGAJ elected president in the fourth round; Assembly vote - 78-4, opposition parties boycotted<br><em><br>2017:</em> Ilir META elected president in the fourth round; Assembly vote - 87-2"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -669,7 +675,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "black double-headed eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, black"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/an.json
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@ -487,10 +487,16 @@
"text": "Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; election last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government"
"text": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "2 April 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) reelected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%<br><em><br>2019:</em> Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "April 2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -578,7 +584,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "red cow (breed unspecified)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, red"
},
"National anthem": {

17
europe/au.json
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@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas"
"text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two thirds of the populace lives in urban areas"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "landslides; avalanches; earthquakes"
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
"text": "3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas"
"text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two thirds of the populace lives in urban areas"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -560,10 +560,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the chancellor and appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 October 2022 (next to be held in 2028); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "9 October 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2022:</em> Alexander VAN DER BELLEN reelected in first round; percent of vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent) 56.7%, Walter ROSENKRANZ (FPO) 17.7%, Dominik WLAZNY (Beer Party) 8.3%, Tassilo WALLENTIN (independent) 8.1%, Gerald GROSZ (independent) 5.6%<em><br><br>2016:</em> Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -610,6 +616,9 @@
"number of seats": {
"text": "60 (all indirectly elected)"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "People's Party (OVP) (22); Social Democratic Party (SPO) (18); Freedom Party (16); Greens (3); NEOS (New Austria) (1)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "46.7%"
}
@ -686,7 +695,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "eagle, edelweiss, Alpine gentian"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {

4
europe/be.json
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@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers formally appointed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and approved by Parliament"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, which the legislature approves"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -697,7 +697,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden rampant lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, black, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {

12
europe/bk.json
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@ -538,11 +538,17 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairperson, approved by the state-level House of Representatives"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "3-member presidency (1 Bosniak and 1 Croat elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1 Serb elected from the Republika Srpska) directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months with the new member of the presidency elected with the highest number of votes starting the new mandate as chair; election last held on 2 October 2022 (next to be held in October 2026); the chairperson of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives"
"text": "3-member presidency (1 Bosniak and 1 Croat elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1 Serb elected from the Republika Srpska) directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months, with the new member of the presidency elected with the highest number of votes starting the new mandate as chair; the chairperson of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "2 October 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022: </em>percent of vote<em> -</em> Denis BECIROVIC - (SDP BiH) 57.4% - Bosniak seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 55.8% - Croat seat; Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (SNSD) 51.7% - Serb seat<em><br><br>2018: </em>percent of vote - Milorad DODIK (SNSD) 53.9% - Serb seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 52.6% - Croat seat; Sefik DZAFEROVIC (SDA) 36.6% - Bosniak seat"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "October 2026"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Lidiia BRADARA (since 28 February 2023)"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -681,7 +687,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden lily"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -698,7 +704,7 @@
"text": "5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Old Bridge Area of Mostar (c); Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad (c); Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards (c);Ancient and  Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe- Janj Forest (n); Vjetrenica Cave, Ravno (n)"
"text": "Old Bridge Area of Mostar (c); Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad (c); Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe - Janj Forest (n); Vjetrenica Cave, Ravno (n)"
}
}
},

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europe/bo.json
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@ -553,10 +553,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); first election held on 23 June and 10 July 1994; the 1994 constitution set the next election for 1999, but Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA extended his term to 2001 via a referendum; subsequent election held in 2001; a 2004 referendum ended presidential term limits and allowed LUKASHENKA to run and win a third term (19 March 2006), fourth term (19 December 2010), fifth term (11 October 2015), sixth term (9 August 2020), and seventh term (26 January 2025); next election to be held in 2030; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "first election held on 23 June and 10 July 1994; the 1994 constitution set the next election for 1999, but Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA extended his term to 2001 via a referendum; subsequent election held in 2001; a 2004 referendum ended presidential term limits and allowed LUKASHENKA to run and win a third term (19 March 2006), fourth term (19 December 2010), fifth term (11 October 2015), sixth term (9 August 2020), and seventh term (26 January 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2025: </em>Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA reelected president; percent of vote - Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA (independent) 86.8%, Sergey Syrankov (Communist Party) 3.2%, 3.6% voting against all<em><br><br>2020:</em> Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA reelected president; percent of vote - Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA (independent) 80.1%, Svyatlana TSIKHANOWSKAYA (independent) 10.1%, other 9.8%; note - widespread street protests erupted following announcement of the election results amid allegations of voter fraud<br><em><br>2015:</em> Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA elected president; percent of vote - Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA (independent) 84.1%, Tatsyana KARATKEVIC (BSDPH) 4.4%, Sergey GAYDUKEVICH (LDP) 3.3%, other 8.2%."
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2030"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -685,7 +691,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "no official symbol; the mounted knight known as Pahonia (the Chaser) is the traditional symbol"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "green, red, white"
},
"National anthem": {

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europe/bu.json
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@ -554,10 +554,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 and 21 November 2021 (next to be held in fall 2026); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly"
"text": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "14 and 21 November 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2021</em>: Rumen RADEV reelected president in second round; percent of vote in the first round - Rumen RADEV (independent) 49.4%, Anastas GERDZHIKOV (independent) 22.8%, Mustafa KARADAYI (DPS) 11.6%, Kostadin KOSTADINOV (Revival) 3.9%, Lozan PANOV (independent) 3.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in the second round - Rumen RADEV 66.7%, Anastas GERDZHIKOV 31.8%, neither 1.5%<br><br><em>2016: </em>Rumen RADEV elected president in second round; percent of vote - Rumen RADEV (independent, supported by Bulgarian Socialist Party) 59.4%, Tsetska TSACHEVA (GERB) 36.2%, neither 4.5%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "fall 2026"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -662,9 +668,12 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, green, red"
},
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "<p>Bulgaria’s coat of arms in the national colors of white, green, and red was adopted in 1997; the three lions are a national symbol for strength, courage, and leadership that was used during the country’s liberation movement in the 1870s and the kingdom period in the early 20th century; above the shield is the crown of Bulgaria (originally the crown of the medieval Bulgarian tsars) with a gold cross on top; a white scroll over the oak branches bears the Bulgarian national motto, “United we stand strong”</p> <p> </p>"
},
"National anthem": {
"name": {
"text": "\"Mila Rodino\" (Dear Homeland)"

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europe/cy.json
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@ -552,15 +552,21 @@
"text": "President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the 1960 constitution, 3 of the ministerial posts reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president; positions currently filled by Greek Cypriots"
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); election last held on held 5 February 2023, with a runoff on 12 February 2023 (next to be held in 2028)"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms)"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "5 February 2023, with a runoff on 12 February 2023&nbsp;"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (independent) 32%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS (independent) 29.6%, Averof NEOFYTOU (DISY) 26.1%, Christos CHRISTOU (ELAM) 6%, other 6.3%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDS 52%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS 48%<em><br><br>2018: </em>Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but the post has been vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government"
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but the post has been vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>under the 1960 constitution, 3 ministerial posts are reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president, but Greek Cypriots currently hold the positions"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"legislature name": {
@ -670,7 +676,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep), white dove"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {

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europe/da.json
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@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024)&nbsp;"
"text": "King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Mette FREDERIKSEN (since 27 June 2019)"
@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
"text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister&nbsp;"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Queen MARGRETHE II abdicated on 14 January 2024, the first Danish monarch to voluntarily abdicate since King ERIC III in 1146"
},
@ -662,11 +662,11 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion, mute swan"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "Denmark’s King Frederick VI adopted the national coat of arms in 1819. The crown of King Christian V, who ruled Denmark and Norway from 1670 to 1699,<em> </em>sits atop the shield, symbolizing royal and national authority. The three lions represent a strong and powerful country, with red lily pads in the shape of hearts that stand for strength, valor, and joy."
"text": "Denmark’s King Frederick VI adopted the national coat of arms in 1819; the crown of King Christian V, who ruled Denmark and Norway from 1670 to 1699,<em> </em>sits atop the shield, symbolizing royal and national authority; the three lions represent a strong and powerful country, with red lily pads in the shape of hearts that stand for strength, valor, and joy"
},
"National anthem": {
"name": {
@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
"text": "11 (8 cultural, 3 natural); note - includes three sites in Greenland"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Denmark: Mounds, Runic Stones, and Church at Jelling (c); Roskilde Cathedral (c); Kronborg Castle (c); Wadden Sea (n); Stevns Klint (n); Christiansfeld, Moravian Church Settlement (c); Par force hunting landscape, North Zealand (c); Greenland: Ilulissat Icefjord (n); Kujataa, Norse and Inuit Farming (c); Aasivissuit&ndash;Nipisat, Inuit Hunting Ground (c); Viking-Age Ring Fortresses (c)"
"text": "Denmark: Mounds, Runic Stones, and Church at Jelling (c); Roskilde Cathedral (c); Kronborg Castle (c); Wadden Sea (n); Stevns Klint (n); Christiansfeld, Moravian Church Settlement (c); Par force hunting landscape, North Zealand (c); Greenland: Ilulissat Icefjord (n); Kujataa, Norse and Inuit Farming (c); Aasivissuit–Nipisat, Inuit Hunting Ground (c); Viking-Age Ring Fortresses (c)"
}
}
},
@ -1168,8 +1168,8 @@
"text": "the Danish military inventory is comprised of modern European, US, and domestically produced weapons and equipment; the Danish defense industry is active in the production of naval vessels, defense electronics, and subcomponents of larger weapons systems, such as the US F-35 fighter aircraft; the major warships of the Royal Danish Navy were all produced domestically (2024)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2022, they made up about 9% of the military's full-time personnel; in 2024, Denmark announced that it would extend military conscription to women in 2026<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849; conscripts are chosen by lottery; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least one year or in another EU country for six years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish "
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women; conscripts serve 11 months, including five months of basic training, followed by six months in an operational unit (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2022, they made up about 9% of the military's full-time personnel; military conscription was extended to women in June 2025<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849; conscripts are chosen by lottery (about 4,700 were selected in 2024); conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least one year or in another EU country for six years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 800 Latvia (NATO); Denmark contributes small numbers of air, ground, and naval forces to a variety of other NATO and international missions (2024)"

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europe/ee.json
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@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "a circle of 12 five-pointed golden-yellow stars on a blue field"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {

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europe/ei.json
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@ -535,10 +535,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president"
"text": "president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "26 October 2018"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2025: </em>Michael MARTIN is elected taoiseach by parliament, 95 votes to 76, and is appointed taoiseach by the president<br><em><br>2024: </em>Simon HARRIS is elected taoiseach by parliament, 88 votes to 69, and is appointed taoiseach by the president<em><br><br>2018:</em> Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president in first round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "no later than November 2025"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -580,7 +586,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
"chamber name": {
"text": "Senate (Seanad Éireann - Senate)"
"text": "Senate (Seanad &Eacute;ireann - Senate)"
},
"number of seats": {
"text": "60 (49 indirectly elected; 11 appointed)"
@ -594,6 +600,9 @@
"most recent election date": {
"text": "1/29/2025 to 1/30/2025"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "Fianna Fail (19); Fine Gael (18); Sinn Fein (6); Independents (12); other (5)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "45%"
},
@ -671,7 +680,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "harp, shamrock (trefoil)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, green"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -688,7 +697,7 @@
"text": "2 (both cultural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Br&uacute; na B&oacute;inne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne; Sceilg Mhich&iacute;l"
"text": "Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne; Sceilg Mhichíl"
}
}
},

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europe/en.json
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@ -541,10 +541,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; if a president is still not elected, the process begins again; election last held on 30 to 31 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament"
"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the most votes; if a president is still not elected, the process begins again; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "30-31 August 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2021:</em> Alar KARIS (independent) elected president; won second round of voting in parliament with 72 of 101 votes<br><br><em>2016:</em> Kersti KALJULAID elected president; won sixth round of voting in parliament with 81 of 98 votes (17 ballots blank); KALJULAID sworn in on 10 October 2016 - first female head of state of Estonia"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2026"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -648,7 +654,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "barn swallow, cornflower"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, black, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -1148,7 +1154,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> conscripts comprise approximately 3,000-3,300 of the Estonian military's active-duty personnel and serve in all branches, except for the Air Force; after conscript service, reservists are called up for training every 5 years; Estonia has had conscription since 1991<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> in 2021, women comprised about 10% of the full-time professional military force; the Defense League includes a Women's Voluntary Defense Organization"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Estonian military is a compact force that relies heavily on conscripts and reservists and the support of its NATO allies; Estonia’s defense policy aims to guarantee the country’s independence and sovereignty, protect its territorial integrity, including waters and airspace, and preserve constitutional order; Estonia’s main defense goals are developing and maintaining a credible deterrent to outside aggression and ensuring the Estonian Defense Forces (EDF) can fulfill their commitments to NATO and interoperate with the armed forces of NATO and EU member states; the EDF’s primary external focus is Russia; since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Estonia has boosted defense spending, sent arms to Ukraine, and sought to boost the EDF’s capabilities in such areas as air defense, artillery, personnel readiness, and surveillance<br><br>Estonia has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is fully integrated within the NATO structure; since 2017, Estonia has hosted a UK-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; as the EDF Air Force does not have any combat aircraft, NATO has provided airspace protection for Estonia since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft have been hosted at Estonia’s Ämari Air Base since 2014; Estonia also hosts a NATO cyber security center; it cooperates closely with the EU on defense issues through the EU Common Security and Defense Policy and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions; Estonia also has close defense ties with its Baltic neighbors and has bilateral military agreements with a number of European countries, as well as Canada and the US (2025)"
"text": "Estonia’s defense policy aims to guarantee the country’s independence and sovereignty, protect its territorial integrity, including waters and airspace, and preserve constitutional order; Estonia’s main defense goals are developing and maintaining a credible deterrent to outside aggression and ensuring the Estonian Defense Forces (EDF) can fulfill their commitments to NATO and interoperate with the armed forces of NATO and EU member states; the EDF’s primary external focus is Russia; since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Estonia has boosted defense spending, sent arms to Ukraine, and sought to boost the EDF’s capabilities in such areas as air defense, artillery, personnel readiness, and surveillance<br><br>Estonia has been a member of NATO since 2004, is fully integrated within the NATO structure, and relies on its NATO partners for defense; since 2017, Estonia has hosted a UK-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; as the EDF Air Force does not have any combat aircraft, NATO has provided airspace protection for Estonia since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft have been hosted at Estonia’s Ämari Air Base since 2014; Estonia also hosts a NATO cyber security center; it cooperates closely with the EU on defense issues through the EU Common Security and Defense Policy and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions; Estonia also has close defense ties with its Baltic neighbors and has bilateral military agreements with a number of European countries, as well as Canada and the US (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

12
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -549,10 +549,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); elections last held 13-14 January 2023, with a second round held&nbsp; 27-28 January 2023; next election to be held by January 2028; prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35<em>%</em>, Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6%<em><br><br>2018:</em> Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "by January 2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -692,7 +698,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, red, blue"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -709,7 +715,7 @@
"text": "17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Česk&yacute; Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutn&aacute; Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)"
"text": "Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)"
}
}
},

14
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -563,10 +563,16 @@
"text": "Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); first round held on 28 January 2024, with a runoff on 11 February 2024 (next to be held by 28 January 2030); prime minister appointed by Parliament"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "28 January 2024, with a runoff on 11 February 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024:  </em>Alexander STUBB elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Alexander STUBB (KoK) 27.2%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 25.8%, Jussi HALLA-AHO (PS) 19.0%, Olli REHN (Kesk) 15.3%; percent of vote in second round - STUBB 51.6%, HAAVISTO 48.4%<br><em><br>2018: </em> Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "by 28 January 2030"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -671,7 +677,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -1185,14 +1191,14 @@
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide mix of modern US, European, Israeli, South Korean, and domestically produced weapons systems; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels; Finland also cooperates with other European countries and the US in the joint production of arms (2024)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard (length of service depends on the type of duty); women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2025)",
"text": "all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard upon reaching the age of 18 (length of service depends on the type of duty); women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Finland has had conscription since 1951; each year, the military inducts and active-duty units train approximately 21,000 conscripts; the resulting pool of trained reservists gives the FDF a wartime strength of approximately 280,000 and a total reserve of some 900,000 citizens with military service<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> women have served on a voluntary basis since 1995, and as of 2022 made up about 19% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "165 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Finnish Defense Forces (FDF) are focused primarily on territorial defense, which is based on having a large, trained reserve force created by general conscription; other FDF responsibilities include support to international peacekeeping operations and some domestic security duties, such as assisting the National Police in maintaining law and order in crises<br><br>the FDF is also focused on fulfilling its commitment to NATO; following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland reassessed its security policy situation and applied for NATO membership, gaining entry in April 2023; as a member of the Alliance, Finland is part of NATO’s collective defense and is covered by the security guarantees enshrined in Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty); Finland had been part of NATO’s Partnership for Peace program since 1994, and the FDF exercised with some NATO members and participated in NATO-led military missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq; in 2024, it joined NATO's Air Policing mission in Eastern Europe<br><br>Finland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and actively participates in EU crisis management missions and operations; the FDF also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation structure (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden and involves cooperation in such areas as armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Sweden, the UK, and the US are close bi-lateral defense partners; in 2022, Finland signed a mutual security agreement with the UK, and since 2014 has been part of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions (2025)"
"text": "the Finnish Defense Forces (FDF) are focused primarily on territorial defense, which is based on having a large, trained reserve force created by general conscription; other FDF responsibilities include support to international peacekeeping operations and some domestic security duties, such as assisting the National Police in maintaining law and order in crises<br><br>the FDF is also focused on fulfilling its commitment to NATO; following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland applied for NATO membership, gaining entry in April 2023; Finland had been part of NATO’s Partnership for Peace program since 1994 and participated in NATO-led military missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq; in 2024, it joined NATO's Air Policing mission in Eastern Europe<br><br>Finland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and actively participates in EU crisis management missions and operations; the FDF also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation structure (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden and involves cooperation in such areas as armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Sweden, the UK, and the US are close bi-lateral defense partners; in 2022, Finland signed a mutual security agreement with the UK, and since 2014 has been part of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

8
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -423,7 +423,13 @@
"text": "Landsstyri appointed by the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the Faroese Parliament; election last held on 8 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the prime minister"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "8 December 2022"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2026"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

16
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -593,10 +593,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 April 2022 with a runoff held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2027); prime minister appointed by the president"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "10 April 2022, with a runoff held on 24 April 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022: </em>Emmanuel MACRON reelected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (LREM) 27.8%, Marine LE PEN (RN) 23.2%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (LFI) 22%, Eric ZEMMOUR (Reconquête) 7.1%, Valerie PECRESSE (LR) 4.8%, Yannick JADOT (EELV) 4.6%, other 10.6%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 58.5%, LE PEN 41.5%<em><br></em><br><em>2017:</em> Emmanuel MACRON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (EM) 24%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 21.3%, Francois FILLON (LR) 20%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (FI) 19.6%, Benoit HAMON (PS) 6.4%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 66.1%, LE PEN 33.9%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "April 2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -736,7 +742,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Gallic rooster, fleur-de-lis, Marianne (female personification of the country)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white, red"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -753,7 +759,7 @@
"text": "53 (45 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed); note - includes one site in New Caledonia and one site in French Polynesia"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Chartres Cathedral (c); Palace and Park of Versailles (c); Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley (c); Pyrénées - Mont Perdu (m); Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay (c); Paris, Banks of the Seine (c); The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes (c); Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) (c); Amiens Cathedral (c); Palace and Park of Fontainebleau (c); Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne (c); Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve (n)"
"text": "Chartres Cathedral (c); Palace and Park of Versailles (c); Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay (c); Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley (c); Pyrénées - Mont Perdu (m); Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay (c); Paris, Banks of the Seine (c); The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes (c); Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) (c); Amiens Cathedral (c); Palace and Park of Fontainebleau (c); Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne (c); The Maison Carrée of Nîmes (c); Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve (Corsica) (n)"
}
}
},
@ -1249,7 +1255,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "French Armed Forces (Forces Armées Françaises): Army (l'Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (l'Armee de l’Air et de l’Espace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Garde Nationale), National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale) (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>under the direction of the Ministry of the Interior, the civilian National Police and the National Gendarmerie maintain internal security; the National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces and therefore part of the Ministry of Defense but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; it also has additional duties to the Ministry of Justice"
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>under the direction of the Ministry of the Interior, the civilian National Police and the National Gendarmerie maintain internal security; the National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces and therefore part of the Ministry of Defense but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; it also has additional duties to the Ministry of Justice<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French military for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army; its combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry regiments"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2024": {
@ -1283,7 +1289,7 @@
"text": "France typically has up to 30,000 total air, ground, and naval forces deployed on permanent or temporary foreign missions; up to 10,000 are permanently deployed, including Djibouti (1,500); French Guyana (2,600); French Polynesia (1,000); French West Indies (1,000); Reunion Island (2,100); West Africa (1,200), and the UAE (800)<br><br>other non-permanent deployments include military missions under NATO, the EU, and the UN, as well as some unilateral operations, in such places as Europe, Africa, and the Middle East and adjacent waters (2025)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the French military has a global footprint and a wide range of missions and responsibilities; it operates under France’s overall defense and national security strategy, currently defined through the five major strategic functions of anticipation, prevention, deterrence, protection, and intervention; the military’s responsibilities include protecting French territory, population, and interests, and fulfilling France’s commitments to NATO, European security, and international peacekeeping operations under the UN; it is the largest military in the EU and has a leading role in the EU security framework, as well as in NATO; in recent years, it has actively participated in coalition peacekeeping and other security operations in regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans, often in a lead role; the military regularly conducts large-scale exercises and participates in a variety of bi-lateral and multinational exercises; it also has a domestic security mission, including providing enhanced security at sensitive sites and large events and support during national crises or disasters, such as fighting forest fires; in recent years, defense responsibilities have expanded to include cyber and space domains <br><br>in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011, and as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance <br><br>the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French military for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel; its combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry regiments (2025)"
"text": "the French military has a global footprint and a wide range of missions and responsibilities, to include protecting French territory, population, and interests, and fulfilling France’s commitments to NATO, European security, and international peacekeeping operations under the UN; it is the largest military in the EU and has a leading role in the EU security framework, as well as in NATO; in recent years, it has actively participated in coalition peacekeeping and other security operations in regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans, often in a lead role; the military regularly conducts large-scale exercises and participates in a variety of bi-lateral and multinational exercises; it also has a domestic security mission, including providing enhanced security at sensitive sites and large events and support during national crises or disasters, such as fighting forest fires; in recent years, defense responsibilities have expanded to include cyber and space domains <br><br>in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, including high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations (2025)"
}
},
"Space": {

9
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -378,10 +378,10 @@
"text": "Chief Minister Fabian PICARDO (since 9 December 2011)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of Parliament by the governor in consultation with the chief minister"
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of Parliament by the governor, in consultation with the chief minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed chief minister by the governor"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as chief minister"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -454,9 +454,12 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Barbary partridge"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, yellow"
},
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "<p>King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain granted this coat of arms to Gibraltar in 1502; the castle in the center of the shield represents Gibraltar as a fortress, and the gold key represents its strategic position as the gateway to the Mediterranean; below the shield is the national motto, <em>Montis Insignia Calpe</em> (“Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar”); the coat of arms uses the national colors of red, white, and yellow</p>"
},
"National anthem": {
"name": {
"text": "\"Gibraltar Anthem\""

10
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -391,11 +391,17 @@
"text": "none"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister, who is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee indirectly elected by the States of Deliberation for a 4-year term; last held on 7 October 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister, who is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee, indirectly elected by the States of Deliberation for a 4-year term"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "7 October 2020"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2020: </em>Peter FERBRACHE (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister: percent of States of Guernsey vote - 57.5%<em><br><br>2016:</em> Gavin ST. PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2024"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the chief minister is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee and is the de facto head of government; the Policy and Resources Committee, elected by the States of Deliberation, functions as the executive; the 5 members all have equal voting rights"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -469,7 +475,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Guernsey cow, donkey"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {

18
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
"text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), <em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
"text": "second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far-western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "flooding"
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
"text": "1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
"text": "second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far-western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -580,10 +580,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 6 May 2025"
"text": "president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor, who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "<em>president: </em>13 February 2022<br><br><em>chancellor: </em>6 May 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2025: </em>Friedrich MERZ (CDU) elected chancellor in second round; Federal Parliament vote - 325 to 289<em><br><br>2022:</em> Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "<em>president: </em>February 2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -705,7 +711,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "black, red, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -722,7 +728,7 @@
"text": "54 (52 cultural, 2 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "<p>Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin (c); Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (c); Speyer Cathedral (c); Upper Middle Rhine Valley (c); Aachen Cathedral (c); Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau, and Bernau (c); Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura (c); Mines of Rammelsberg, Historic Town of Goslar, and Upper Harz Water Management System (c); Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter, and Church of Our Lady in Trier (c); Hanseatic City of Lübeck (c); Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (c); Messel Pit Fossil Site (n); Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square (c); Pilgrimage Church of Wies (c);Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl (c); St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire (c); Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch (c); Maulbronn Monastery Complex (c); Town of Bamberg (c); Collegiate Church, Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg (c); Völklingen Ironworks (c); Cologne Cathedral (c); Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg (c); Classical Weimar (c); Wartburg Castle (c); Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz (c); Monastic Island of Reichenau (c); Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen (c); Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar (c); Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski (c); Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen (c); Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Berlin Modernism Housing Estates (c); Wadden Sea (n); Fagus Factory in Alfeld (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Margravial Opera House Bayreuth (c); Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe (c); Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey (c); Moravian Church Settlements (c); Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus (c); The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (c); Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke (c); Naumburg Cathedral (c); Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region (c); Water Management System of Augsburg (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (c); Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (c); ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (c); The Great Spa Towns of Europe (c); Jewish-Medieval Heritage of Erfurt (c); Schwerin Residence Ensemble (c)</p>"
"text": "<p>Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin (c); Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (c); Speyer Cathedral (c); Aachen Cathedral (c); Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau, and Bernau (c); Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura (c); Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter, and Church of Our Lady in Trier (c); Hanseatic City of Lübeck (c); Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (c); Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square (c); Pilgrimage Church of Wies (c); Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl (c); St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim (c); Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch (c); Maulbronn Monastery Complex (c); Collegiate Church, Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg (c); Cologne Cathedral (c); Castle Church in Wittenberg (c); Classical Weimar (c); Wartburg Castle (c); Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz (c); Monastic Island of Reichenau (c); Berlin Modernism Housing Estates (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Moravian Church Settlements (c); Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus (c); The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (c); Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke (c); Naumburg Cathedral (c); Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (c); ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (c); The Great Spa Towns of Europe (c); Jewish-Medieval Heritage of Erfurt (c); Schwerin Residence Ensemble (c)</p>"
}
}
},
@ -1232,7 +1238,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the German military has over 2,000 ground forces, plus air and naval contingents deployed on some 18 foreign missions"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Bundeswehr’s core mission is the defense of Germany and its NATO partners; it has a wide range of peacetime duties, including crisis management, cyber security, deterrence, homeland security, humanitarian and disaster relief, and international peacekeeping and stability operations; as a key member of NATO and the EU, the Bundeswehr typically operates in a coalition environment, and its capabilities are largely based on NATO and EU planning goals and needs; it has participated in a range of NATO and EU missions in Europe, Africa, and Asia, as well as global maritime operations; the Bundeswehr has close bilateral defense ties with a number of EU countries, including the Czechia, France, the Netherlands, and Romania, as well as the UK and the US; it also contributes forces to UN peacekeeping missions<br><br>the Bundeswehr was established in 1955; at the height of the Cold War in the 1980s, it had nearly 600,000 personnel, over 7,000 tanks, and 1,000 combat aircraft; in addition, over 400,000 soldiers from other NATO countries—including about 200,000 US military personnel—were stationed in West Germany; in the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Bundeswehr shrank by more than 60% in size (over 90% in tanks and about 80% in aircraft), while funding fell from nearly 3% of GDP and over 4% of government spending in the mid-1980s to 1.2% and 1.6% respectively; by the 2010s, the Bundeswehr’s ability to fulfill its regional security commitments had deteriorated; the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale assault on Ukraine in 2022 led to renewed emphasis on Germany’s leadership role in European defense and NATO and efforts to boost funding for the Bundeswehr to improve readiness, modernize, and expand (2024)"
"text": "the Bundeswehr’s core mission is the defense of Germany and its NATO partners; it has a wide range of peacetime duties, including crisis management, cyber security, deterrence, homeland security, humanitarian and disaster relief, and international peacekeeping and stability operations; as a key member of NATO and the EU, the Bundeswehr typically operates in a coalition environment, and its capabilities are largely based on NATO and EU planning goals and needs; it has participated in a range of NATO and EU missions in Europe, Africa, and Asia, as well as global maritime operations; the Bundeswehr has close bilateral defense ties with a number of EU countries, including the Czechia, France, the Netherlands, and Romania, as well as the UK and the US; it also contributes forces to UN peacekeeping missions<br><br>the Bundeswehr was established in 1955; at the height of the Cold War in the 1980s, it had nearly 600,000 personnel, over 7,000 tanks, and 1,000 combat aircraft; in addition, over 400,000 soldiers from other NATO countries—including about 200,000 US military personnel—were stationed in West Germany; in the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Bundeswehr shrank by more than 60% in size (over 90% in tanks and about 80% in aircraft), while funding fell from nearly 3% of GDP and over 4% of government spending in the mid-1980s to 1.2% and 1.6% respectively; by the 2010s, the Bundeswehr’s ability to fulfill its regional security commitments had deteriorated; the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale assault on Ukraine in 2022 led to renewed emphasis on Germany’s leadership role in European defense and NATO and efforts to boost funding for the Bundeswehr to improve readiness, modernize, and expand (2025)"
}
},
"Space": {

16
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
"text": "12,191 sq km (2021)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters"
"text": "one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>severe earthquakes</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Santorini (367 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; although there have been very few eruptions in recent centuries, Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are classified as historically active</p>"
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
"text": "1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters"
"text": "one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -545,10 +545,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 February 2025 (next to be held in 2030); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament"
"text": "president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "12 February 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2025: </em>Konstantinos TASOULAS (ND) elected president by Parliament - 160 of 300 votes<em><br><br>2020:</em> Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes<em><br></em>"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2030"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -661,7 +667,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Greek cross (white cross on a blue field)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -678,7 +684,7 @@
"text": "19 (17 cultural, 2 mixed)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Acropolis, Athens (c); Archaeological site of Delphi (c); Meteora (m); Medieval City of Rhodes (c); Archaeological site of Olympia (c); Archaeological site of Mycenae and Tiryns (c); Old Town of Corfu (c); Mount Athos (m); Delos (c); Archaeological Site of Philippi (c)"
"text": "Acropolis, Athens (c); Archaeological site of Delphi (c); Meteora (m); Medieval City of Rhodes (c); Archaeological site of Olympia (c); Archaeological site of Mycenae and Tiryns (c); Old Town of Corfu (c); Mount Athos (m); Delos (c); Archaeological Site of Philippi (c)"
}
}
},

10
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -556,10 +556,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held in December 2024 (first round) and January 2025 (second round); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "December 2024 (first round) and January 2025 (second round)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2025: </em>Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 74.6%, Dragan PRIMORAC (independent) 25.3%<em><br><br>2019: </em>Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -670,7 +676,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "red-and-white checkerboard"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, blue"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -559,10 +559,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2024 (next to be held in spring 2029); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April or May 2027)"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "<em>president:</em> 26 February 2024<br><br><em>prime minister:</em> 3 April 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2024:</em> Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5<br><br><em>2022: </em>Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "<em>president: </em>spring 2029<br><br><em>prime minister: </em>April or May 2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -672,7 +678,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, green"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -533,10 +533,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 1 June 2024 (next to be held in June 2028); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister"
"text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "1 June 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024:</em> Halla TOMASDOTTIR elected president; percent of vote - Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 34.1%, Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR (Left-Green Movement) 25.2%, Halla Hrund LOGADOTTIR (independent) 15.7%, Jon GNARR (Social Democratic Alliance) 10.1%, Baldur PORHALLSSON (independent) 8.4%, other 6.5%<em><br><br>2020: </em>Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "June 2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -637,7 +643,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "gyrfalcon"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white, red"
},
"National anthem": {

13
europe/im.json
View file

@ -405,10 +405,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the lieutenant governor"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister indirectly elected by the Tynwald for a 5-year term (eligible for second term); election last held on 23 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister indirectly elected by the Tynwald for a 5-year term (eligible for second term)"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "23 September 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2021:</em> Alfred CANNAN (independent) elected chief minister; Tynwald House of Keys vote - 21 of 24<br><br><em>2016:</em> Howard QUAYLE elected chief minister; Tynwald House of Keys vote - 21 of 33"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2026"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -511,9 +517,12 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "triskelion (a motif of three legs)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "<p>Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom granted the Isle of Man’s coat of arms on July 12, 1996; the triskelion (three conjoined legs) on the shield represents resilience, resourcefulness, and hope; the Latin motto means “Wherever you throw it, it will stand,” a reference to the islanders’ ability to stand strong; the peregrine falcon represents the two falcons that the Isle of Man has paid to the UK monarch on Coronation Day since 1406, and the raven symbolizes the island’s former status as a Viking colony; the crown represents the UK monarch’s status as the Lord of Mann, although the island is self-governing</p>"
},
"National anthem": {
"name": {
"text": "\"Arrane Ashoonagh dy Vannin\" (O Land of Our Birth)"

14
europe/it.json
View file

@ -548,10 +548,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, who is known officially as the President of the Council of Ministers and locally as the premier; nominated by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24-29 January 2022 (eight rounds) (next to be held in 2029); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by parliament"
"text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a 7-year term (no term limits); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "24-29 January 2022 (eight rounds)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2022:</em> Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) reelected president; electoral college vote count in eighth round - 759 out of 1,009 (505 vote threshold)<br><br><em>2015: </em>Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 995 (505 vote threshold) <p> </p>"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -636,7 +642,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Mariangela ZAPPIA (since 15 September 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Alessandro GONZALES (since June 2025)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3000 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -697,7 +703,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "five-pointed white star (Stella d'Italia)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, green"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -714,7 +720,7 @@
"text": "60 (54 cultural, 6 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "<p>Historic Center of Rome (c); Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Torre Annunziata (c); Venice and its Lagoon (c); Historic Center of Florence (c); Piazza del Duomo, Pisa (c); Historic Centre of Naples (c); Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands  (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)(c); Villa d'Este, Tivoli (c); Mount Etna (n); Rock Drawings in Valcamonica (c); Historic Siena (c);Rock Drawings in Valcamonica(c); Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci (c);Historic Centre of San Gimignano (c); The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera (c); City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto (c); Crespi d'Adda (c); Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta 15 (c); Castel del Monte (c); Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (c); Historic Centre of the City of Pienza (c);The Trulli of Alberobello (c); 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex (c); Archaeological Area of Agrigento (c); Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua (c); Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena (c); Costiera Amalfitana (c); Residences of the Royal House of Savoy (c); Su Nuraxi di Barumini (c); Villa Romana del Casale (c); Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (c); Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum   and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula (c); Historic Centre of Urbino (c); Villa Adriana (Tivoli) (c); Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites (c); City of Verona (c); Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) (n); Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily) (c); Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy (c); Monte San Giorgio (n); Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (c); Val d'Orcia (c); Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica (c); Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Mantua and Sabbioneta (c); Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes (c);The Dolomites (n); Longobards in Italy. Places of the Power (568-774 A.D.) (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany (c); Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato (c); Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalú and Monreale  (c); Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar (c); Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century (c); Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene (c);Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (c); The Great Spa Towns of Europe (c); The Porticoes of Bologna (c); Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines (n); Via Appia. Regina Viarum (c)</p>"
"text": "<p>Historic Center of Rome (c); Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Torre Annunziata (c); Venice and its Lagoon (c); Historic Center of Florence (c); Piazza del Duomo, Pisa (c); Historic Centre of Naples (c); Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)(c); Mount Etna (n); Cultural landscape of the Benedictine settlements in medieval Italy (c); Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci (c); City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto (c); Crespi d'Adda (c); Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (c); Historic Centre of the City of Pienza (c); Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena (c); Costiera Amalfitana (c); Villa Romana del Casale (c); Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (c); Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula (c); Historic Centre of Urbino (c); Villa Adriana (Tivoli) (c); Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites (c); City of Verona (c); Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) (n); Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (c); Val d'Orcia (c); Mantua and Sabbioneta (c); The Dolomites (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany (c); Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar (c); Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (c); The Porticoes of Bologna (c); Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines (n); Via Appia: Regina Viarum (c)</p>"
}
}
},

2
europe/je.json
View file

@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Jersey cow"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -406,11 +406,17 @@
"text": "Cabinet elected by the Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly for a 5-year term; if a candidate does not attain a two-thirds threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 to 4 April 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly"
"text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; if a candidate does not reach this threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected; prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "3-4 April 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2021: </em> Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (Guxo!) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (LVV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67 for, 30 against<br><br><em>2017: </em>Ramush HARADINAJ (AAK) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 61 for, 1 abstention, 0 against (opposition boycott)<br><br><em>2016:</em> Hashim THACI elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Hashim THACI (PDK) 71 votes"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2026"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Prime Minister Albin KURTI resigned on 15 April 2025; a replacement has not yet been selected"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -520,7 +526,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "six five-pointed white stars"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, gold, white"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -540,10 +540,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 May 2023 (next to be held in 2027); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament"
"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "31 May 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Edgars RINKEVICS elected president in the third round; Parliament vote - Edgars RINKEVICS (Unity Party) 52, Uldis Pīlēns (independent) 25; Evika SILINA confirmed as prime minister 53-39<br><em><br>2019:</em> Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS (independent) 61, Didzis SMITS (KPV LV) 24, Juris JANSONS (independent) 8; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed as prime minister 61-39"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -644,7 +650,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "white wagtail (bird)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "maroon, white"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -553,10 +553,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 May 2024 (next election to be held in 2029); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "26 May 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 75.6%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (TS-LKD) 24.4%<br><em><br>2019:</em> Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -660,7 +666,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "yellow, green, red"
},
"National anthem": {

12
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -548,10 +548,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election first round held on 23 March 2024 with a runoff on 6 April 2024 (next to be held in 2029); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%; <em><br><br>2019:</em> Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -659,7 +665,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) over three peaks"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, blue, red"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -676,7 +682,7 @@
"text": "8 (6 cultural, 2 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Historic Town of Bansk&aacute; &Scaron;tiavnica (c); Levoča, Spi&scaron;sk&yacute; Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkol&iacute;nec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)"
"text": "Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica (c); Levoča, Spišský Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkolínec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)"
}
}
},

4
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -472,7 +472,7 @@
"text": "Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in Parliament usually appointed the head of government by the monarch, and the leader of the largest minority party in Parliament usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party in Parliament as the head of government, and also appoints the leader of the largest minority party in Parliament as the deputy head of government if there is a coalition government"
},
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: the prince's successor is his son, Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS; on 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but Prince HANS-ADAM II retains the status of chief of state"
},
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "princely hat (crown)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, red"
},
"National coat of arms": {

4
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -642,7 +642,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "red rampant lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, light blue"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/md.json
View file

@ -544,10 +544,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet proposed by the prime minister-designate, nominated by the president, approved through a vote of confidence in Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 November 2024 (next to be held in 2028); prime minister designated by the president on consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament"
"text": "president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister designated by the president in consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "3 November 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>In the second round of presidential elections, incumbent Maia SANDU (PAS) wins 55.4% of the vote, Alexandr STOIANOGLO (PSRM) 44.6; turnout is 54.3%<em><br><br>2020:</em> Maia SANDU elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Maia SANDU (PAS) 57.7%, Igor DODON (PSRM) 42.3%<br><br><em>2016</em>: Igor DODON elected president in second round; percent of vote - Igor DODON (PSRM) 52.1%, Maia SANDU (PAS) 47.9%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -651,7 +657,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "aurochs (type of wild cattle)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, red"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -555,10 +555,16 @@
"text": "ministers serve as the cabinet"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 19 March 2023 with a runoff on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in 2028); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "19 March 2023, with a runoff on 2 April 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Jakov MILATOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Milo DUKANOVIC (DPS) 35.4%, Jakov MILATOVIC (Europe Now!) 28.9%, Andrija MANDIC (DF) 19.3%, Aleksa BECIC (DCG) 11.1%, other 5.3%; percent of vote in second round - Jakov MILATOVIC 58.9%, Milo DUKANOVIC 41.1%<em><br><br>2018:</em> Milo DJUKANOVIC elected president in first round; percent of vote - Milo DJUKANOVIC (DPS) 53.9%, Mladen BOJANIC (independent) 33.4%, Draginja VUKSANOVIC (SDP) 8.2%, Marko MILACIC (PRAVA) 2.8%, other 1.7%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -663,7 +669,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "double-headed eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, gold"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -530,10 +530,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers elected by the Assembly by simple majority vote"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected using a modified 2-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round with an absolute majority from all registered voters; in the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid; president elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 April and 8 May 2024 (next to be held in 2029); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected using a modified 2-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round with an absolute majority from all registered voters; in the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be valid; president elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the Assembly usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "24 April and 8 May 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Hristijan MICKOSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 77 for, 22 against<em><br><br>2024: </em>Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31%<em><br><br>2024: </em>Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker prime minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott)<em><br><br>2022: </em>Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - NA<em><br></em>"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -638,7 +644,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "eight-rayed sun"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {

2
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -558,7 +558,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "red and white lozenges (diamond shapes)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -525,10 +525,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the House of Representatives for a single 5-year term; election last held on 27 March 2024 (next to be held by March 2029); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president for a 5-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the House of Representatives for a single 5-year term; following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister for a 5-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "27 March 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024:  </em>Myriam Spiteri DEBONO (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous<br><em><br>2019:</em> George VELLA (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "by March 2029"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -626,7 +632,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Maltese eight-pointed cross"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {

9
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers are also appointed by the monarch"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF resigned on 3 June 2025 after a party withdrew from his governing coalition, but he will continue in a caretaker capacity until new elections are held, probably in the fall of 2025"
},
@ -703,7 +703,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion, daisy"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "orange"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -717,11 +717,12 @@
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
"text": "13 (12 cultural, 1 natural); note - includes one site in Curacao"
"text": "13 (12 cultural, 1 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Schokland and Surroundings (c); Dutch Water Defense Lines (c); Van Nellefabriek (c); Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout (c); Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder) (c); Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) (c); Wadden Sea (n); Seventeenth Century Canal Ring Area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht (c); Colonies of Benevolence (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Lower German Limes (c)"
}
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>includes one site in Curacao"
}
},
"Economy": {

6
europe/no.json
View file

@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, with the approval of Parliament"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, blue"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -684,7 +684,7 @@
"text": "8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Bryggen (c); Urnes Stave Church (c); Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (c); Rock Art of Alta (c); Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago (c); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord (n); Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site (c)"
"text": "Bryggen (c); Urnes Stave Church (c); Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (c); Rock Art of Alta (c); Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago (c); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord (n); Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site (c)"
}
}
},

7
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -567,7 +567,10 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 18 May 2025 first round with the second round to be held on 1 June 2025; prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "18 May 2025, with the second round on 1 June 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>2025: Karol NAWROCKI elected president in second round; percent of vote - Karol NAWROCKI (PiS) 50.9%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49.1%; NAWROCKI takes office 6 August 2025<br><br>2025: First round Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 31.4%, Karol NAWROCKI 29.5% (PiS), Slawomir MENTZEN 14.8%, Grzegorz BRAUN 6.3%, and Szymon HOLOWNIA 5.0%; second round to be held on 1 June 2025; <br><br><em>2020:</em> Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%<br><em><br>2015:</em> Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5% <p> </p>"
@ -710,7 +713,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "white crowned eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, red"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/po.json
View file

@ -549,11 +549,17 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2021 (next to be held in January 2026); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "24 January 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2021:</em> Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, other 10.1%<br><br><em>2016:</em> Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8% <p> </p>"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "January 2026"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -660,7 +666,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe for modeling objects in the sky)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, green"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -568,10 +568,16 @@
"text": "Cabinet elected by the National Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 December 2023 (next to be held in 2028); prime minister elected by the National Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "17 December 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022:</em> Aleksandar VUCIC reelected in first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 60%, Zdravko PONOS (US) 18.9%, Milos JOVANOVIC (NADA) 6.1%, Bosko OBRADOVIC (Dveri-POKS) 4.5%, Milica DJURDJEVIC STAMENKOVSKI (SSZ) 4.3%, other 6.2%<br><br><em>2017:</em> Aleksandar VUCIC elected president in first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 55.1%, Sasa JANKOVIC (independent) 16.4%, Luka MAKSIMOVIC (independent) 9.4%, Vuk JEREMIC (independent) 5.7%, Vojislav SESELJ (SRS) 4.5%, other 7.3%, invalid/blank 1.6%; Prime Minister Ana BRNABIC reelected by the National Assembly on 5 October 2020; National Assembly vote - NA"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2028"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -677,7 +683,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "white double-headed eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {

15
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -566,17 +566,24 @@
"text": "President Nicușor DAN (since 26 May 2025)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Interim Prime Minister Catalin PREDOIU (since 6 May 2025)"
"text": "Prime Minister Ilie BOLOJAN (since 23 June 2005)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 18 May 2025; prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "18 May 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2025: </em>Nicușor DAN elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Nicușor DAN (unaffiliated) 53.6%, George SIMION (AUR) 46.4%<em><br><br>2019: </em>Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%, Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9%"
}
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2030"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the prime ministerial position will be rotated in 2027 from BOLOJAN to another coalition party member as part of a power-sharing agreement"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"legislature name": {
@ -714,7 +721,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "golden eagle"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, red"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/si.json
View file

@ -543,10 +543,16 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 23 October 2022 with a runoff on 13 November 2022 (next to be held in 2027); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022:</em> Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30<br><em><br>2017:</em> Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2027"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -676,7 +682,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Mount Triglav"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, blue, red"
},
"National anthem": {

10
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -464,11 +464,17 @@
"text": "Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held on 1 April 2025 (next to be held in September 2025); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019"
"text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "<em>co-chiefs of state:</em> 1 April 2025<br><br><em>secretary of state:</em> 28 December 2019"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2025</em>: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA<br><br><em>2024</em>: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA<br><br><em>2019:</em> Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "<em>co-chiefs of state:</em> September 2025"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -555,7 +561,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "three peaks, each displaying a tower"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, blue"
},
"National anthem": {

12
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -560,11 +560,17 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers designated by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes as president the leader of the majority party or coalition, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; election last held on 23 July 2023 (next to be held on 31 July 2027); vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes as president the leader of the majority party or coalition, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "23 July 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Congress of Deputies vote - 179 to 171 (16 November 2023)"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "31 July 2027"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -706,7 +712,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Pillars of Hercules"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -723,7 +729,7 @@
"text": "50 (44 cultural, 4 natural, 2 mixed)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain (c); Works of Antoni Gaudí (c); Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) (c); Historic City of Toledo (c); Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida (c); Tower of Hercules (c); Doñana National Park (n); Pyrénées - Mont Perdu (m); Alhambra, Generalife, and Albayzín in Granada (c); Old City of Salamanca (c); Teide National Park (n); Historic Walled Town of Cuenca (c); Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct (c); Historic Cordoba (c); El Escorial (c)"
"text": "Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain (c); Works of Antoni Gaudí (c); Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) (c); Historic City of Toledo (c); Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida (c); Tower of Hercules (c); Doñana National Park (n); Pyrénées - Mont Perdu (m); Alhambra, Generalife, and Albayzín in Granada (c); Old City of Salamanca (c); Teide National Park (n); Historic Walled Town of Cuenca (c); Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct (c); Historic Cordoba (c); Royal Site of Saint Lorenzo de El Escorial (c); Cathedral, Alcázar, and Archivo de Indias in Seville"
}
}
},

2
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "three crowns, lion"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {

14
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -555,10 +555,16 @@
"text": "Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 13 December 2023 (next to be held in December 2024)"
"text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "11 December 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023:  </em>Viola AMHERD elected president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - Viola AMHERD (The Center) 158 of 204; Karin Keller-Sutter (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - 138 of 196<br><br><em>2022:  </em>Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223"
"text": "<em>2024: </em>Karin KELLER-SUTTER elected president for 2025; Federal Assembly vote - Karin KELLER-SUTTER (FDP.The Liberals) 168 of 203; Guy PARLEMIN (SVP) elected vice president for 2025; Federal Assembly vote - 196 of 219<em><br><br>2023:  </em>Viola AMHERD elected president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - Viola AMHERD (The Center) 158 of 204; Karin KELLER-SUTTER (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - 138 of 196<br><br><em>2022:  </em>Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "December 2025"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Federal Council, composed of 7 federal councilors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president"
},
@ -702,7 +708,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "Swiss cross (white cross on red field)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -719,7 +725,7 @@
"text": "13 (9 cultural, 4 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "Old City of Berne (c); Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch (n); Monte San Giorgio (n); Abbey of St Gall (c); Three Castles, Defensive Wall, and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona (c); Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes (c); La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Benedictine Convent of St John at M&uuml;stair (c); Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces (c)"
"text": "Old City of Berne (c); Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch (n); Monte San Giorgio (n); Abbey of St Gall (c); Three Castles, Defensive Wall, and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona (c); Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes (c); La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair (c); Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces (c)"
}
}
},

7
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister; election last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held no later than 28 January 2025)"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in addition to serving as the UK head of state, the British sovereign is the constitutional monarch for 14 additional Commonwealth countries (each referred to as a \"Commonwealth realm\")<br><br><strong>note 2</strong>: King CHARLES III succeeded his mother, Queen ELIZABETH II, after serving as Prince of Wales (heir apparent) for over 64 years -- the longest such tenure in British history"
},
@ -598,6 +598,9 @@
"number of seats": {
"text": "800 (all appointed)"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "Conservative Party (286); Labour Party (212); Liberal Democrats (76); Crossover (Independents) 180; other (6)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "31%"
},
@ -675,7 +678,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "lion (all of Britain); lion, Tudor rose, oak (England); lion, unicorn, thistle (Scotland); dragon, daffodil, leek (Wales); shamrock, flax (Northern Ireland)"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, blue (all of Britain); red, white (England); blue, white (Scotland); red, white, green (Wales)"
},
"National anthem": {

14
europe/up.json
View file

@ -556,11 +556,17 @@
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 March and 21 April 2019, the next election was scheduled to be held in March/April 2024, but no election was held because Ukraine has been under martial law since February 2022; prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "31 March and 21 April 2019"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2019:</em> Volodymyr ZELENSKYY elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (Opposition Platform-For Life) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; percent of vote in the second round - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO 24.5%, other 2.3%; Denys SHMYHAL (independent) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 291-59<br><br><em>2014: </em>Petro POROSHENKO elected president in first round; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO (independent) 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO (Radical Party) 8.4%, other 24.2%; Volodymyr HROYSMAN (BPP) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 257-50"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "scheduled for March/April 2024, but not held because Ukraine has been under martial law since February 2022"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC was created in 1992 and tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -666,7 +672,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "tryzub (trident), sunflower"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
@ -1181,8 +1187,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU; Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny or ZSU): Ground Forces (Sukhoputni Viys’ka, SV), Naval Forces (Viys’kovo-Mors’ki Syly, VMS), Air Forces (Povitryani Syly, PS), Air Assault Forces (Desantno-shturmovi Viyska, DShV), Ukrainian Special Operations Forces (UASOF), Unmanned Systems Forces, Territorial Defense Forces (Reserves)<br><br>Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (includes Maritime Border Guard or Sea Guard) (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in the event that martial law is declared, all National Guard units, with certain exceptions such as those tasked with providing for diplomatic security of embassies and consulates, would come under the command of the Ministry of Defense as auxiliary forces to the Armed Forces<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>the Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) were formally established in July 2021; the TDF evolved from former Territorial Defense Battalions and other volunteer militia and paramilitary units that were organized in 2014-2015 to fight Russian-backed separatists in the Donbas; in January 2022, the TDF was activated as a separate military branch<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> collectively, the AFU and the forces under the Ministry of Interior are known as the Defense Forces of Ukraine (DFU)"
"text": "Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU; Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny or ZSU): Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces, Air Assault Forces, Marine Corps, Special Operations Forces, Unmanned Systems Forces, Territorial Defense Forces (Reserves)<br><br>Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (includes Maritime Border Guard or Sea Guard), National Police of Ukraine (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> combat units of the National Guard, National Police, and Border Guards come under the control of the Armed Forces in wartime.<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>the Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) were formally established in July 2021; the TDF evolved from former Territorial Defense Battalions and other volunteer militia and paramilitary units that were organized in 2014-2015 to fight Russian-backed separatists in the Donbas; in January 2022, the TDF was activated as a separate military branch<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> collectively, the AFU and the forces under the Ministry of Interior are known as the Defense Forces of Ukraine (DFU)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {

2
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "crossed keys under a papal tiara"
},
"National colors": {
"National color(s)": {
"text": "yellow, white"
},
"National anthem": {