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auto-update week 12
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
parent
d6590d514f
commit
c24b0327ce
243 changed files with 5125 additions and 4880 deletions
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@ -75,26 +75,26 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "4.6% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "5.5% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 0.5% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 3.6% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "3.8% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "4.5% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "91.6% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "90% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "898 sq km (2020)"
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"text": "940 sq km (2022)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah - are home to nearly 85% of the population"
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@ -376,22 +376,22 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "4.6% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "5.5% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 0.5% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 3.6% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "3.8% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "4.5% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "91.6% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "90% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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@ -502,8 +502,8 @@
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"history": {
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"text": "previous 1971 (provisional); latest drafted in 1979, became permanent May 1996"
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},
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"amendments": {
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"text": "proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president; amended 2009"
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"amendment process": {
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"text": "proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president"
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}
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},
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"International law organization participation": {
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@ -578,11 +578,12 @@
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"text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges; jurisdiction limited to federal cases)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiry of their appointment terms"
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"text": "judges appointed by the federal president after approval from the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiration of their appointment terms"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and emirate level; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system; note - the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, both adjudicate civil and commercial disputes."
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}
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"text": "Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note</strong>: the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, adjudicate civil and commercial disputes"
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},
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"Political parties": {
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"text": "none; political parties are banned; all candidates run as independents"
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@ -65,26 +65,26 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "57.6% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "57.8% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 25.3% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 2.7% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 32.1% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "11.3% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "14% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "31.1% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "28.2% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "14,649 sq km (2020)"
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"text": "14,693 sq km (2022)"
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},
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"Major lakes (area sq km)": {
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"salt water lake(s)": {
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@ -390,22 +390,22 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "57.6% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "57.8% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 25.3% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 2.7% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 32.1% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "11.3% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "14% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "31.1% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "28.2% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
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"text": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the name translates as \"Land of Fire\" and refers to naturally occurring surface fires on ancient oil pools or from natural gas discharges"
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"text": "the name can be translated as \"Fire Keeper\" or \"The Land of Fire,\" from the local word <em>azer</em>, or \"fire,\" and <em>baydjan</em>, a word derived from the Iranian word <em>baykan</em>, or \"guardian;\" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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@ -517,8 +517,8 @@
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"history": {
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995"
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},
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"amendments": {
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"text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2009, 2016"
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"amendment process": {
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"text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended"
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}
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},
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"International law organization participation": {
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@ -64,26 +64,26 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "59.7% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "58.8% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 15.8% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 15.6% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 42% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 41.1% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "9.1% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "11.5% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "31.2% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "29.6% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "1,554 sq km (2020)"
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"text": "1,559 sq km (2022)"
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},
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"Major lakes (area sq km)": {
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"fresh water lake(s)": {
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@ -396,22 +396,22 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "59.7% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "58.8% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 15.8% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 15.6% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 42% (2018 est.)"
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 41.1% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "9.1% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "11.5% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "31.2% (2018 est.)"
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"text": "29.6% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
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"text": "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the country is named after Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; Hayk's descendant, Aram, purportedly is the source of the name Armenia"
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"text": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the local name for the country, Hayastan, comes from Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia was first recorded in a rock inscription from A.D. 521 in modern-day Iran"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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@ -518,8 +518,8 @@
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"history": {
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"text": "previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995"
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},
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"amendments": {
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"text": "<p>proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable; amended 2005, 2015, last in 2020; the Constitutional Reform Council formed in 2019 was dissolved in December 2021, and replaced by a new Constitutional Reform Council, whose members were officially appointed in late January 2022; the new council is expected to address the form of government, i.e. presidential or semi-presidential or parliamentary, and whether to merge the Court of Cassation with the Constitutional Court</p>"
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"amendment process": {
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"text": "<p>proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable</p>"
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}
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},
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"International law organization participation": {
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|
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@ -66,22 +66,22 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "11.3% (2018 est.)"
|
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"text": "10.3% (2022 est.)"
|
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},
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"arable land": {
|
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"text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)"
|
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"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
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"text": "arable land: 2.7% (2022 est.)"
|
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},
|
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"permanent crops": {
|
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"text": "permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)"
|
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"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
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"text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)"
|
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},
|
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"permanent pasture": {
|
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"text": "permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)"
|
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"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)"
|
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},
|
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"forest": {
|
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"text": "0.7% (2018 est.)"
|
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"text": "0.9% (2022 est.)"
|
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},
|
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"other": {
|
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"text": "88% (2018 est.)"
|
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"text": "88.8% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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@ -379,22 +379,22 @@
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},
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"Land use": {
|
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"agricultural land": {
|
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"text": "11.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "10.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
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"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "88% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "88.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,8 +506,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "previous 1973; latest adopted 14 February 2002, entry into force 14 February 2002"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and \"inherited rule\" cannot be amended; amended 2012, 2017"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and \"inherited rule\" cannot be amended"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -70,22 +70,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "35.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "34.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 5.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 4.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "39.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "40.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "25.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "25.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -399,22 +399,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "35.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "34.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 5.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 4.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "39.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "40.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "25.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "25.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -518,8 +518,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia; amended several times, last in 2020 (legislative electoral system revised)"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,14 +594,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges); note - the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts"
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties": {
|
||||
"text": "Citizens<br>European Socialists<br>For Georgia<br>Georgian Dream<br>Girchi<br>Law and Justice<br>Lelo for Georgia<br>National Democratic Party<br>People's Power<br>Progress and Freedom<br>Republican Party<br>State for the People<br>Strategy Aghmashenebeli<br>United National Movement or UNM<br>Victorious Georgia"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -59,6 +59,26 @@
|
|||
"Natural resources": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land, natural gas"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "64.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "33.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "(2013) 151 sq km; note - includes the West Bank"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -320,6 +340,26 @@
|
|||
"Climate": {
|
||||
"text": "temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "64.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "33.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
"urban population": {
|
||||
"text": "77.6% of total population (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -75,22 +75,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "30.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 9.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "6.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "63.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -396,22 +396,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "30.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 9.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "6.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "63.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -541,8 +541,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the \"Council for Revision of the Constitution,\" a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended; amended 1989"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the \"Council for Revision of the Constitution,\" a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -69,26 +69,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "23.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 17.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 4.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "7.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "69.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "2,159 sq km (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "1,927 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major lakes (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"salt water lake(s)": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -388,22 +388,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "23.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 17.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 4.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "7.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "69.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -519,8 +519,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review; 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2020 (Basic Law: the Knesset)"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -69,22 +69,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "18.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 11.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "80% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "76.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -392,22 +392,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "18.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 11.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "80% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "76.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the president of the republic and the Council of Minsters collectively, or by one fifth of the Council of Representatives members; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Council of Representatives, approval by referendum, and ratification by the president; passage of amendments to articles on citizen rights and liberties requires two-thirds majority vote of Council of Representatives members after two successive electoral terms, approval in a referendum, and ratification by the president"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -605,14 +605,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, application of federal laws, ratification of election results for the COR, judicial competency disputes, and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government; Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)"
|
||||
"text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
"text": "Federal Supreme Court (FSC) judges nominated by the High Judicial Council (HJC) president, the FSC chief justice, the public prosecutor's office chief, and the head of the Judicial Oversight Commission; FSC members required to retire at age 72; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the HJC and confirmed by the Council of Representatives to serve until retirement, nominally at age 63, but can be extended to age 66 by the HJC"
|
||||
"text": "Federal Supreme Court (FSC) judges nominated by the High Judicial Council (HJC) president, the FSC chief justice, the public prosecutor's office chief, and the head of the Judicial Oversight Commission; FSC members required to retire at age 72; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the HJC and confirmed by the Council of Representatives to serve until retirement, nominally at age 63, but can be extended to age 66 "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "Courts of Appeal (governorate level); civil courts, including first instance, personal status, labor, and customs; criminal courts including felony, misdemeanor, investigative, major crimes, juvenile, and traffic courts"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Federal Supreme Court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, application of federal laws, ratification of election results for the COR, judicial competency disputes, and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties": {
|
||||
"text": "Al Fatah Alliance<br>Azm Alliance<br>Babiliyun Movement<br>Imtidad<br>Ishraqat Konun<br>Kurdistan Democratic Party<br>National Contract Party<br>New Generation Movement<br>Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br>Sadrist Bloc<br>State Forces Alliance<br>State of Law Coalition<br>Taqadum<br>Tasmim Alliance"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -66,26 +66,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "11.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "87.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "87.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "833 sq km (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "875 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major lakes (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"salt water lake(s)": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -404,22 +404,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "11.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "87.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "87.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -536,10 +536,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Constitution": {
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "previous 1928 (preindependence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952"
|
||||
"text": "previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king; amended several times, last in 2022"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -639,7 +639,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years"
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -66,22 +66,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "8.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "91.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "91.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -383,22 +383,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "8.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "91.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "91.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "approved and promulgated 11 November 1962; suspended 1976 to 1981 (4 articles); 1986 to 1991; May to July 1999"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the amir or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds consent of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the amir; constitutional articles on the initiation, approval, and promulgation of general legislation cannot be amended"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>Note:</strong> on 10 May 2024, Amir Sheikh MISHAL al-Ahmad al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly and suspended several articles of the constitution for up to four years"
|
||||
|
|
@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges); Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (organized into several circuits, each with 5 judges)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
"text": "all Kuwaiti judges appointed by the Amir upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, a consultative body comprised of Kuwaiti judges and Ministry of Justice officials"
|
||||
"text": "all Kuwaiti judges appointed by the Amir on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, a consultative body comprised of Kuwaiti judges and Ministry of Justice officials"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "High Court of Appeal; Court of First Instance; Summary Court"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -66,22 +66,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "63.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "66.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 13.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 13.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "13.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "23.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -386,22 +386,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "63.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "66.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 13.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 13.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "13.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "23.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -517,8 +517,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "drafted 15 May 1926, adopted 23 May 1926"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president; amended several times, last in 2004"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -72,26 +72,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "4.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "95.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "95.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "1,079 sq km (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "1,162 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major aquifers": {
|
||||
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
|
||||
|
|
@ -386,22 +386,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "4.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "95.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "95.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,8 +506,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "promulgated by royal decree 6 November 1996 (the Basic Law of the Sultanate of Oman serves as the constitution); amended by royal decree in 2011"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "promulgated by the sultan or proposed by the Council of Oman and drafted by a technical committee as stipulated by royal decree and then promulgated through royal decree; amended by royal decree 2011, 2021"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "promulgated by the sultan or proposed by the Council of Oman and drafted by a technical committee as stipulated by royal decree and then promulgated through royal decree"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -72,26 +72,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "5.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "94.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "93.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "130 sq km (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "130 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major aquifers": {
|
||||
"text": "Arabian Aquifer System"
|
||||
|
|
@ -385,22 +385,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "5.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "94.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "93.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -509,8 +509,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "previous 1972 (provisional); latest drafted 2 July 2002, approved by referendum 29 April 2003, endorsed 8 June 2004, effective 9 June 2005"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the Amir or by one third of Advisory Council members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Advisory Council members and approval and promulgation by the emir; articles pertaining to the rule of state and its inheritance, functions of the emir, and citizen rights and liberties cannot be amended; amended by referendum November 2024; note - among the 19 proposed amendments, a major one was replacing direct elections for 30 of the 45 members of the Shura Council with appointments"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the Amir or by one third of Advisory Council members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Advisory Council members and approval and promulgation by the emir; articles pertaining to the rule of state and its inheritance, functions of the emir, and citizen rights and liberties cannot be amended"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -72,26 +72,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "80.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "80.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "18.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "18.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "11,910 sq km (2018)"
|
||||
"text": "7,575 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Indian Ocean drainage: <em>(Persian Gulf)</em> Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,22 +389,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "80.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "80.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "18.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "18.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -515,8 +515,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "1 March 1992 - Basic Law of Government, issued by royal decree, serves as the constitutional framework and is based on the Qur'an and the life and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the king directly or proposed to the king by the Consultative Assembly or by the Council of Ministers; passage by the king through royal decree; Basic Law amended many times, last in 2017"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the king directly or proposed to the king by the Consultative Assembly or by the Council of Ministers; passage by the king through royal decree"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -582,10 +582,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "High Court (consists of the court chief and organized into circuits with 3-judge panels, except for the criminal circuit, which has a 5-judge panel for cases involving major punishments)"
|
||||
"text": "High Court (consists of the court chief; organized into circuits with 3-judge panels, except for the criminal circuit, which has a 5-judge panel for cases involving major punishments)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
"text": "High Court chief and chiefs of the High Court Circuits appointed by royal decree upon the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council, a 10-member body of high-level judges and other judicial heads; new judges and assistant judges serve 1- and 2-year probations, respectively, before permanent assignment"
|
||||
"text": "High Court chief and chiefs of the High Court Circuits appointed by royal decree on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council, a 10-member body of high-level judges and other judicial heads; new judges and assistant judges serve 1- and 2-year probations, respectively, before permanent assignment"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "Court of Appeals; Specialized Criminal Court, first-degree courts composed of general, criminal, personal status, and commercial courts; Labor Court; a hierarchy of administrative courts"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -70,26 +70,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "75.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "73.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 25.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 23.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 44.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 44.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "2.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "21.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "13,100 sq km (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "9,820 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major rivers (by length in km)": {
|
||||
"text": "Euphrates (shared with Turkey [s], Iran, and Iraq [m]) - 3,596 km; Tigris (shared with Turkey, Iran, and Iraq [m]) - 1,950 km<br><strong>note</strong> – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth"
|
||||
|
|
@ -375,22 +375,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "75.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "73.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 25.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 23.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 44.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 44.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "2.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "21.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -501,10 +501,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Constitution": {
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>several previous; latest issued 15 February 2012, passed by referendum and effective 27 February 2012; note – UN-sponsored talks, which began in late 2019 between delegates from government and opposition forces to draft a new constitution; in June 2022, the 8th round of the Syrian Constitutional Committee ended in Geneva with no results, and the 9th round, scheduled for July 2022, was cancelled due to lack of Russian and regime participation</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the People’s Assembly members; following review by a special Assembly committee, passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and approval by the president"
|
||||
"text": "Syria's 2012 constitution was rescinded by the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham-led government in January 2025; in March 2025, interim authorities announced a transitional constitution to remain in effect for up to five years"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -581,7 +578,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), a judicial management body headed by the minister of justice with 7 members, including the national president; judge tenure NA; Supreme Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the SJC; judges serve 4-year renewable terms"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "courts of first instance; magistrates' courts; religious and military courts; Economic Security Court; Counterterrorism Court (established June 2012)"
|
||||
"text": "courts of first instance; magistrates' courts; religious and military courts; Economic Security Court; Counterterrorism Court"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -70,26 +70,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "49.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "50% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 26.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 4.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "14.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "35.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "52,150 sq km (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "52,150 sq km (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major lakes (area sq km)": {
|
||||
"fresh water lake(s)": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -405,22 +405,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "49.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "50% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 26.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 4.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "14.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29.3% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "35.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -542,8 +542,8 @@
|
|||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017"
|
||||
"amendment process": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -617,13 +617,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members)"
|
||||
"text": "Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions -- 14 judicial and 1 consultative -- each with a division head and at least 5 members)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
"text": "Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy court presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges serve 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges serve until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members serve renewable, 4-year terms"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts; peace courts; aggravated crime courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions"
|
||||
"text": "regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts; peace courts; aggravated crime courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -62,22 +62,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "43.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 11% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "55.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -346,22 +346,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "43.3% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64.9% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 11% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "55.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -76,22 +76,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "44.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "44.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "54.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "54.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -380,22 +380,22 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"agricultural land": {
|
||||
"text": "44.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "44.4% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: arable land": {
|
||||
"text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
|
||||
"text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"forest": {
|
||||
"text": "1% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "54.5% (2018 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "54.5% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,10 +506,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Constitution": {
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification); note - after the National Dialogue ended in January 2015, a Constitutional Drafting Committee appointed by the president worked to prepare a new draft constitution that was expected to be put to a national referendum before being adopted; however, the start of the current conflict in early 2015 interrupted the process"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "amended several times, last in 2009"
|
||||
"text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue