diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 4ec6bcd5..e13d65a5 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "17.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "81.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "81.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "12,605 sq km (2016)" + "text": "13,819 sq km (2019)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)" @@ -386,22 +386,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "17.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "81.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "81.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -512,8 +512,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2008, 2016; last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -618,14 +618,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" + "text": "Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals" - } + }, + "note": "note: Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ
Dignity or El Karama
El-Infitah
El Mostakbal (Future Front)
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED
Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement
Justice and Development Front or FJD
Movement for National Reform or El Islah
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP
National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani)
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS
National Liberation Front or FLN
National Militancy Front or FMN
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD
National Republican Alliance or ANR
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid)
New Generation (Jil Jadid)
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD
Socialist Forces Front or FFS
Union for Change and Progress or UCP
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet)
Workers Party or PT
Youth Party or PJ", diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 4daf9a62..8a4b2bab 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -72,19 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "45.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 32.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "54.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "10.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -377,19 +380,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "45.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 32.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "54.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "10.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -464,7 +470,7 @@ "text": "People's Republic of Angola" }, "etymology": { - "text": "name derived by the Portuguese from the title \"ngola\" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now Angola)" + "text": "in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers derived the name from the title \"n'gola,\" which was held by kings of the Ndongo" } }, "Government type": { @@ -503,7 +509,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic" } }, diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 421b7f9e..97e69c86 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "45.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 45.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 45.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "19.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -381,22 +381,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "45.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 45.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 45.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "19.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1960 (pre-independence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 7d276605..7be3bfe3 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 31.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "172 sq km (2017)" + "text": "530 sq km (2019)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)" @@ -398,22 +398,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 31.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1946, 1958 (preindependence); latest adopted by referendum 2 December 1990, promulgated 11 December 1990" + "text": "previous 1946, 1958 (pre-independence); latest adopted by referendum 2 December 1990, promulgated 11 December 1990" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed concurrently by the president of the republic (after a decision in the Council of Ministers) and the National Assembly; consideration of drafts or proposals requires at least three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly membership; passage requires approval in a referendum unless approved by at least four-fifths majority vote of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles affecting territorial sovereignty, the republican form of government, and secularity of Benin cannot be amended; amended 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed concurrently by the president of the republic (after a decision in the Council of Ministers) and the National Assembly; consideration of drafts or proposals requires at least three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly membership; passage requires approval in a referendum unless approved by at least four-fifths majority vote of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles affecting territorial sovereignty, the republican form of government, and secularity of Benin cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -600,14 +600,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the chief justice and 16 justices organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts); Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members, including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president); note - jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice is limited to cases of high treason by the national president or members of the government while in office" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the chief justice and 16 justices organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts); Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members, including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president) " }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the advice of the National Assembly; judges appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members - 4 appointed by the National Assembly and 3 by the president of the republic; members appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; other members of the High Court of Justice elected by the National Assembly; member tenure NA" + "text": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the president of the republic on the advice of the National Assembly; judges appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members - 4 appointed by the National Assembly and 3 by the president of the republic; members appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; other members of the High Court of Justice elected by the National Assembly; member tenure NA" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court for the Repression of Economic and Terrorism Infractions (CRIET) or Cour de Repression des Infractions Economiques et du Terrorisme; district courts; village courts; Assize courts" - } + "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court for the Repression of Economic and Terrorism Infractions (CRIET) or Cour de Répression des Infractions Economiques et du Terrorisme; district courts; village courts; Assize courts" + }, + "note": "note: jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice is limited to cases of high treason by the national president or members of the government while in office" }, "Political parties": { "text": "African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP 
Benin Renaissance or RB 
Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE 
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD 
Progressive Union for Renewal 
Republican Bloc 
Sun Alliance or AS 
The Democrats 
Union Makes the Nation or UN (includes PRD, MADEP)", diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 7adf05ed..1d514b2a 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "73.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "82.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 50.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -401,22 +401,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "73.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "82.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 50.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -532,8 +532,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous, ratified by referendum 28 February 2005" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended; amended 2018 (amendments extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, reintroduced the position of prime minister, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index f6815991..099478cf 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "39.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 35.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 35.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "9.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "51.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -400,22 +400,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "39.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 35.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 35.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "9.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "51.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by National Transitional Council 27 June 2023, approved by referendum 17 December, verified by Chad Supreme Court 28 December, promulgated 1 January 2024" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "previous process: proposed as a revision by the president of the republic after a Council of Ministers (cabinet) decision or by the National Assembly; approval for consideration of a revision requires at least three-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval by referendum or at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly" } }, diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 39e07a85..25b974fd 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "65.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "3.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -406,22 +406,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "65.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "3.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 25 October 2015" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; passage of presidential proposals requires Supreme Court review followed by approval in a referendum; such proposals may also be submitted directly to Parliament, in which case passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote of both houses in joint session; proposals by Parliament require three-fourths majority vote of both houses in joint session; constitutional articles including those affecting the country’s territory, republican form of government, and secularity of the state are not amendable" } }, @@ -646,14 +646,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years" + "text": "Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline; courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Alliance of the Presidential Majority or AMP
Action Movement for Renewal or MAR 
Citizen's Rally or RC 
Congolese Labour Party or PCT 
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI 
Congo on the Move or LCEM 
Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST 
Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS 
Club 2002-Party for the Unity and the Republic or Club 2002 
Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP 
Perspectives and Realities Club or CPR 
Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS 
Republican and Liberal Party or PRL 
Union of Democratic Forces or UDF 
Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR
Union of Humanist Democrats or UDH-YUKI 
Union for the Republic or UR " diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 85748fe3..94abebfd 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "67.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -409,22 +409,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "67.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -557,8 +557,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 13 May 2005, approved by referendum 18-19 December 2005, promulgated 18 February 2006" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by either house of Parliament, or by public petition; agreement on the substance of a proposed bill requires absolute majority vote in both houses; passage requires a referendum only if both houses in joint meeting fail to achieve three-fifths majority vote; constitutional articles, including the form of government, universal suffrage, judicial independence, political pluralism, and personal freedoms, cannot be amended; amended 2011" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by either house of Parliament, or by public petition; agreement on the substance of a proposed bill requires absolute majority vote in both houses; passage requires a referendum only if both houses in joint meeting fail to achieve three-fifths majority vote; constitutional articles, including the form of government, universal suffrage, judicial independence, political pluralism, and personal freedoms, cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -663,10 +663,10 @@ "text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of 26 justices and organized into legislative and judiciary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Judicial Service Council, an independent body of public prosecutors and selected judges of the lower courts; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by the president, 3 by the Judicial Service Council, and 3 by the legislature; judges appointed by the president to serve 9-year non-renewable terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years" + "text": "Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Judicial Service Council, an independent body of public prosecutors and selected judges of the lower courts; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by the president, 3 by the Judicial Service Council, and 3 by the legislature; judges appointed by the president to serve 9-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "State Security Court; Court of Appeals (organized into administrative and judiciary sections); Tribunal de Grande; magistrates' courts; customary courts" + "text": "State Security Court; Court of Appeals (organized into administrative and judiciary sections); Tribunal de Grande Instance; magistrates' courts; customary courts" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index be15451b..b1a671d9 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "20.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "41.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "37.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -408,22 +408,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "20.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "41.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "37.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 18 January 1996" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; amendment drafts require approval of at least one third of the membership in either house of Parliament; passage requires absolute majority vote of the Parliament membership; passage of drafts requested by the president for a second reading in Parliament requires two-thirds majority vote of its membership; the president can opt to submit drafts to a referendum, in which case passage requires a simple majority; constitutional articles on Cameroon’s unity and territorial integrity and its democratic principles cannot be amended; amended 2008" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; amendment drafts require approval of at least one third of the membership in either house of Parliament; passage requires absolute majority vote of the Parliament membership; passage of drafts requested by the president for a second reading in Parliament requires two-thirds majority vote of its membership; the president can opt to submit drafts to a referendum, in which case passage requires a simple majority; constitutional articles on Cameroon’s unity and territorial integrity and its democratic principles cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index b40889e1..8a5e9f18 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "84.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 46.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 29.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 28.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -370,22 +370,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "84.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 46.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 29.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 28.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1996, 2001; newest adopted 30 July 2018" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of the union or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Union membership; adoption requires approval by at least three-quarters majority of the total Assembly membership or approval in a referendum" }, "note": "note: a referendum held on 30 July 2018 - boycotted by the opposition - overwhelmingly approved a new constitution that allows for 2 consecutive 5-year presidential terms while retaining the rotating presidency within the islands" @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court judges - selection and term of office NA" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de premiere instance; island village (community) courts; religious courts" + "text": "Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de première instance; island village (community) courts; religious courts" }, "note": "
 

 " }, diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 2952e2d4..4b82be0a 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "55.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -382,22 +382,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "55.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,9 +514,9 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest constitution passed by a national referendum on 30 July 2023 and validated by the Constitutional Court on 30 August 2023; note - the new constitution was proposed by President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, removed term limits, and will allow President Touadéra to run again in 2025; opposition parties denounced the changes, claiming they were created to facilitate a \"life precedency\" for Touadéra" + "text": "several previous; latest constitution passed by a national referendum on 30 July 2023 and validated by the Constitutional Court on 30 August 2023" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials" } }, @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of whom are women)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (number of judges unknown); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of whom are women)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judge appointments - 2 by the president, 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly, 2 elected by their peers, 2 are advocates elected by their peers, and 2 are law professors elected by their peers; judges serve 7-year non-renewable terms" diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index f14f4b95..b63666d8 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "60.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -375,22 +375,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "60.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1981; latest effective 25 September 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposals require support of at least four fifths of the active National Assembly membership; amendment drafts require sponsorship of at least one third of the active Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional sections, including those on national independence, form of government, political pluralism, suffrage, and human rights and liberties, cannot be amended; revised 1995, 1999, 2010" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposals require support of at least four fifths of the active National Assembly membership; amendment drafts require sponsorship of at least one third of the active Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional sections, including those on national independence, form of government, political pluralism, suffrage, and human rights and liberties, cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 6d663a46..189020e4 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "73.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 73.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 73.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "26.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -379,22 +379,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "73.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 73.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 73.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "26.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ "history": { "text": "approved by referendum 4 September 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended; amended 2006, 2008, 2010" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non-parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms" diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index c736388f..4c5b4dde 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "3.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "96.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "95.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -407,22 +407,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "3.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "96.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "95.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 January 2014" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment \"brings more guarantees;\" amended 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment \"brings more guarantees\" " } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 0e7d7452..6caa6d35 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "57.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "86.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -354,22 +354,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "57.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "86.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -471,8 +471,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1968, 1973, 1982; approved by referendum 17 November 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president; amended several times, last in 2012" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the President of the Supreme Court and nine judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies; note - judges subject to dismissal by the president at any time" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals" diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index 36e47d16..40fbb054 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "75.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 68.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 57% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "15.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -379,22 +379,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "75.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 68.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 57% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "15.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ "history": { "text": "ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly" } }, diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 33bfd232..413d0cb8 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -65,26 +65,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "36.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "51.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "1,813 sq km (2020)" + "text": "1,814 sq km (2020)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -410,22 +410,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "36.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "51.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils" } }, @@ -655,14 +655,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues" + "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA   
Gedeo People's Democratic Party
Independent
Kucha People Democratic Party 
National Movement of Amhara or NAMA
Prosperity Party or PP" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 7812f14c..92c10f29 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "56.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 41% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 43.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "56.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 41% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 43.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -506,11 +506,12 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1965 (Independence Act), 1970; latest adopted 8 April 1996, approved by referendum 8 August 1996, effective 16 January 1997; note - in early 2018, the \"Constitutional Review Commission,\" was established to draft  and assist in instituting a new constitution; a second draft completed in March 2020 was rejected by the National Assembly in September; the president announced in January 2022 government plans to draft a new constitution " + "text": "previous 1965 (Independence Act), 1970; latest adopted 8 April 1996, approved by referendum 8 August 1996, effective 16 January 1997" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly membership in each of several readings and approval by the president of the republic; a referendum is required for amendments affecting national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, government structures and authorities, taxation, and public funding; passage by referendum requires participation of at least 50% of eligible voters and approval by at least 75% of votes cast; amended 2001, 2004, 2018" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly membership in each of several readings and approval by the president of the republic; a referendum is required for amendments affecting national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, government structures and authorities, taxation, and public funding; passage by referendum requires participation of at least 50% of eligible voters and approval by at least 75% of votes cast" + }, + "note": "note: in 2024, The Gambian government announced its commitment to adopting a new constitution " }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index f92abce8..1fc6a16d 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "19% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "81% (2018 est.)" + "text": "91.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -368,22 +368,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "19% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "81% (2018 est.)" + "text": "91.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1961, 1991; latest approved in November 2024 referendum" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2023 (presidential term reduced to 5 years and election reduced to a single vote)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 1e7467e8..51987ffe 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "69.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 36.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -405,22 +405,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "69.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 36.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 31 March 1992, approved and promulgated 28 April 1992, entered into force 7 January 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; consideration requires prior referral to the Council of State, a body of prominent citizens who advise the president of the republic; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" constitutional articles (including those on national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the branches of government, and amendment procedures) requires approval in a referendum by at least 40% participation of eligible voters and at least 75% of votes cast, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote in Parliament, and assent of the president; amendments to non-entrenched articles do not require referenda; amended 1996" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; consideration requires prior referral to the Council of State, a body of prominent citizens who advise the president of the republic; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" constitutional articles (including those on national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the branches of government, and amendment procedures) requires approval in a referendum by at least 40% participation of eligible voters and at least 75% of votes cast, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote in Parliament, and assent of the president; amendments to non-entrenched articles do not require referenda" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice appointed by the president in consultation with the Council of State (a small advisory body of prominent citizens) and with the approval of Parliament; other justices appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Council (an 18-member independent body of judicial, military and police officials, and presidential nominees) and on the advice of the Council of State; justices can retire at age 60, with compulsory retirement at age 70" + "text": "chief justice appointed by the president in consultation with the Council of State (a small advisory body of prominent citizens) and with the approval of Parliament; other justices appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Council (an 18-member independent body of judicial, military and police officials, and presidential nominees) and on the advice of the Council of State; justices can retire at age 60, with compulsory retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Circuit Court; District Court; regional tribunals" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 7f1d232b..b4047d5d 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "26.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "950 sq km (2012)" + "text": "949 sq km (2017)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambie (Gambia) river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -388,22 +388,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "26.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -520,10 +520,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d’etat; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; consideration of proposals requires approval by simple majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval in referendum; the president can opt to submit amendments directly to the Assembly, in which case approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote; revised in 2020" + "text": "previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d'état; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -592,13 +589,13 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; members serve 9-year terms until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Premiere Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts" + "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Première Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index fc25dfe8..4f9ef68b 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "64.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "84.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 14.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 29.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "32.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -406,22 +406,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "64.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "84.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 14.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 29.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "32.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by the National Assembly 11 October 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulgated 8 November 2016" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of drafts or proposals requires an absolute majority vote by the parliamentary membership; passage of amendments affecting presidential elections, presidential term of office and vacancies, and amendment procedures requires approval by absolute majority in a referendum; passage of other proposals by the president requires at least four-fifths majority vote by Parliament; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of the state and its republican and secular form of government cannot be amended; amended 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of drafts or proposals requires an absolute majority vote by the parliamentary membership; passage of amendments affecting presidential elections, presidential term of office and vacancies, and amendment procedures requires approval by absolute majority in a referendum; passage of other proposals by the president requires at least four-fifths majority vote by Parliament; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of the state and its republican and secular form of government cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index 10327bc8..105b8f12 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "48.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 37.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 37.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -389,22 +389,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "48.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 37.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 37.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ "history": { "text": "current constitution passed by referendum on 4 August 2010" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "amendments can be proposed by either house of Parliament or by petition of at least one million eligible voters; passage of amendments by Parliament requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses in each of two readings, approval in a referendum by majority of votes cast by at least 20% of eligible voters in at least one half of Kenya’s counties, and approval by the president; passage of amendments introduced by petition requires approval by a majority of county assemblies, approval by majority vote of both houses, and approval by the president" } }, diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index e315ee7c..942d9290 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "28.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 5.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 12.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "44.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "78.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "28.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 5.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 12.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "44.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "78.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -497,8 +497,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1847 (at independence); latest drafted 19 October 1983, revision adopted by referendum 3 July 1984, effective 6 January 1986" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by agreement of at least two thirds of both National Assembly houses or by petition of at least 10,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval of both houses and approval in a referendum by at least two-thirds majority of registered voters; amended 2011, 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by agreement of at least two thirds of both National Assembly houses or by petition of at least 10,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval of both houses and approval in a referendum by at least two-thirds majority of registered voters" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -606,14 +606,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 4 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 4 associate justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice and associate justices appointed by the president of Liberia with consent of the Senate; judges can serve until age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "judicial circuit courts; special courts, including criminal, civil, labor, traffic; magistrate and traditional or customary courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases" }, "Political parties": { "text": "All Liberian Party or ALP 
Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD 
Alternative National Congress or ANC 
Coalition for Democratic Change (includes CDC, NPP, and LPDP)
Collaborating Political Parties or CPP (coalition includes ANC, LP; CPP dissolved in April 2024)
Congress for Democratic Change or CDC 
Liberia Destiny Party or LDP 
Liberia National Union or LINU 
Liberia Transformation Party or LTP 
Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP 
Liberian People's Party or LPP 
Liberian Restoration Party or LRP 
Liberty Party or LP 
Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR 
Movement for Economic Empowerment 
Movement for Progressive Change or MPC 
National Democratic Coalition or NDC 
National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL 
National Patriotic Party or NPP 
National Reformist Party or NRP 
National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP 
People's Unification Party or PUP 
Unity Party or UP 
United People's Party 
Victory for Change Party or VCP " diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 2655cea7..5c4c85f5 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "76.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "74.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 65.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 65.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "22.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -390,22 +390,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "76.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "74.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 65.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 65.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "22.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1959, 1967; latest adopted 2 April 1993 (effectively restoring the 1967 version)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including fundamental rights and freedoms, sovereignty of the kingdom, the office of the king, and powers of Parliament, requires a majority vote by the National Assembly, approval by the Senate, approval in a referendum by a majority of qualified voters, and assent of the king; passage of amendments other than those specified provisions requires at least a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2011" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including fundamental rights and freedoms, sovereignty of the kingdom, the office of the king, and powers of Parliament, requires a majority vote by the National Assembly, approval by the Senate, approval in a referendum by a majority of qualified voters, and assent of the king; passage of amendments other than those specified provisions requires at least a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -618,14 +618,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Court of Appeal president and High Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; puisne judges appointed by the monarch on advice of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body of judicial officers and officials designated by the monarch; judges of both courts can serve until age 75" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional courts; military courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues" }, "Political parties": { "text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC 
Alliance of Democrats or AD 
Basotho Action Party or BAP 
Basotho National Party or BNP 
Democratic Congress or DC 
Democratic Party of Lesotho or DPL 
Lesotho People's Congress or LPC 
Movement of Economic Change or MEC 
National Independent Party or NIP 
Popular Front for Democracy of PFD
Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL " diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 1f363b1c..63bec4f0 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "91.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "91.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -366,22 +366,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "91.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "91.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -489,11 +489,9 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1951, 1977; in July 2017, the Constitutional Assembly completed and approved a draft of a new permanent constitution; in September 2018, the House of Representatives passed a constitutional referendum law in a session with contested reports of the quorum needed to pass the vote and submitted it to the High National Elections Commission in December to begin preparations for a constitutional referendum" + "text": "previous 1951, 1977, 2011 (interim)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "note - in early March 2023, the High Council of State voted for a constitutional amendment to provide a groundwork for elections" - } + "note": "note: a draft constitution was approved in 2017, but it is not yet ratified" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" @@ -555,7 +553,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Libya's judicial system consists of a supreme court, central high courts (in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Sabha), and a series of lower courts; the judicial system is factious given the ongoing tension between Libya's eastern and western regions; since 2011, Libyan political factions and armed groups have targeted judges and courthouses" + "text": "Libya's judicial system consists of a supreme court, central high courts (in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Sabha), and a series of lower courts" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index 57c81965..ea367392 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 64.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 64.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 64.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 64.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1992; latest passed by referendum 17 November 2010, promulgated 11 December 2010" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of the republic in consultation with the cabinet or supported by a least two thirds of both the Senate and National Assembly membership; passage requires at least three-fourths approval of both the Senate and National Assembly and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles, including the form and powers of government, the sovereignty of the state, and the autonomy of Madagascar’s collectivities, cannot be amended" } }, @@ -618,13 +618,13 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 11 members; addresses cases brought against the president of Madagascar and high officials for high treason, grave violations of the Constitution, or breach of  duties incompatible with the exercise of the presidential mandate)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 11 members; addresses cases brought against the president of Madagascar and senior officials for high treason, grave violations of the Constitution, or breach of duties incompatible with the exercise of the presidential mandate)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court heads elected by the president and judiciary officials to serve 3-year, single renewable terms; High Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 each by the president, by both legislative bodies, and by the Council of Magistrates; members serve single, 7-year terms; High Court of Justice members include: first president of the Supreme Court; 2 presidents from the Court of Cassation; 2 presidents from the Court of Appeal; 2 deputies  from the National Assembly; 2 senators from the Senate; 2 members from the High Council for the Defense of Democracy and the State of law" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Courts of Appeal; Court of Cassation; Courts of First Instance; military courts; traditional (dina) courts; Trade Court" + "text": "Courts of Appeal; Court of Cassation; Courts of First Instance; military courts; traditional courts (dina); Trade Court" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 0947408a..d09b0f5a 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "59.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 42.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -402,22 +402,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "59.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 42.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1953 (pre-independence), 1964, 1966; latest drafted January to May 1994, approved 16 May 1994, entered into force 18 May 1995" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty and territory of the state, fundamental constitutional principles, human rights, voting rights, and the judiciary, requires majority approval in a referendum and majority approval by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty and territory of the state, fundamental constitutional principles, human rights, voting rights, and the judiciary, requires majority approval in a referendum and majority approval by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; other judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, which regulates judicial officers; judges serve until age 65" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; other judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, which regulates judicial officers; judges serve until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; magistrate courts; Industrial Relations Court; district and city traditional or local courts" diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 85d8da6e..4d2c5444 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -65,22 +65,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 28.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "55.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -403,22 +403,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 28.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "55.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -537,10 +537,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest drafted 13 October 2022 and submitted to Transition President Assimi GOITA; final draft completed 1 March 2023; approved by referendum 18 June 2023; validated by Constitutional Court 22 July 2023; note - the new constitution includes provisions for expansion of presidential and military powers and creation of a \"senate\"" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "procedure for amending the 2023 constitution NA" + "text": "several previous; latest drafted 13 October 2022 and submitted to Transition President Assimi GOITA; final draft completed 1 March 2023; approved by referendum 18 June 2023; validated by Constitutional Court 22 July 2023" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -613,7 +610,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 judges organized into judicial, administrative, and accounting sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of 19 judges organized into judicial, administrative, and accounting sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms" diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 7f96ce7d..67875cf1 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -77,22 +77,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "67.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "67.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 17.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 47.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 47.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.2% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: does not include the area of the former Western Sahara, which is almost exclusively desert" }, @@ -420,22 +420,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "67.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "67.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 17.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 47.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 47.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.2% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: does not include the area of the former Western Sahara, which is almost exclusively desert" }, @@ -559,9 +559,9 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011; note - sources disagree on whether the 2011 referendum was for a new constitution or for reforms to the existing constitution" + "text": "several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011 " }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the king, by the prime minister, or by members in either chamber of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum; the king can opt to submit self-initiated proposals directly to a referendum" } }, diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index bb8eebbf..2c99bc17 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -68,26 +68,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 37.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "17.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "38.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "158 sq km (2020)" + "text": "143 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population density is one of the highest in the world; urban clusters are found throughout the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; population on Rodrigues Island is spread across the island with a slightly denser cluster on the north coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -377,22 +377,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 37.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "17.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "38.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -492,8 +492,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 March 1968" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty of the state, fundamental rights and freedoms, citizenship, or the branches of government, requires approval in a referendum by at least three-fourths majority of voters followed by a unanimous vote by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; amended many times, last in 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty of the state, fundamental rights and freedoms, citizenship, or the branches of government, requires approval in a referendum by at least three-fourths majority of voters followed by a unanimous vote by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -570,14 +570,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 24 puisne judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal" + "text": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 24 puisne judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister; senior puisne judge appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; other puisne judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Commission, a 4-member body of judicial officials including the chief justice; all judges serve until retirement at age 67" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "lower regional courts known as District Courts, Court of Civil Appeal; Court of Criminal Appeal; Public Bodies Appeal Tribunal" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance)
Jean-Claude Barbier Movement (Mouvement Jean-Claude Barbier) or MJCB
Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM
Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD
Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP
Militant Platform (Plateforme Militante) or PM
Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM
Muvman Liberater or ML
National Alliance
Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotique) or MAG
Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR" diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 8e3c61f0..641197d0 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 38.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 38.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "61.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -410,22 +410,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 38.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 38.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "61.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of amendments by Parliament requires approval of at least one third of the membership; a referendum is held only if the amendment is approved by two-thirds majority vote; passage by referendum requires simple majority vote by eligible voters; passage of amendments proposed by the president can bypass a referendum if approved by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament; amended 2006, 2012, 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of amendments by Parliament requires approval of at least one third of the membership; a referendum is held only if the amendment is approved by two-thirds majority vote; passage by referendum requires simple majority vote by eligible voters; passage of amendments proposed by the president can bypass a referendum if approved by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -620,13 +620,13 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (subdivided into 7 chambers: 2 civil, 2 labor, 1 commercial, 1 administrative, and 1 criminal, each with a chamber president and 2 councilors); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 members)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (subdivided into 7 chambers: 2 civil, 2 labor, 1 commercial, 1 administrative, and 1 criminal, each with a chamber president and 2 councilors); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic to serve a 5-year renewable term; Constitutional Council members appointed - 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, 1 by the prime minister, 1 by the leader of the democratic opposition, 1 by the largest opposition party in the National Assembly, and 1 by the second largest party in the National Assembly; members serve single, 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years; High Court of Justice members appointed by Parliament - 6 by the ruling Coalition of Majority Parties and 3 by opposition parties" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Courts of Appeal; courts of first instance or wilya courts are established in the regions' headquarters and include commercial and labor courts, criminal courts, Moughataa (district) Courts, and informal/customary courts" + "text": "Courts of Appeal; courts of first instance, or wilya courts, are established in the regions' headquarters and include commercial and labor courts, criminal courts, Moughataa (district) Courts, and informal/customary courts" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 5a511158..451be9df 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "56.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 49.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 45.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "56.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 49.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 45.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments; amended 2007, 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary Magistracy is responsible for judiciary management and discipline" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic; vice president appointed by the president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and ratified by the Assembly of the Republic; other judges elected by the Assembly; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the Assembly, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms" diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 350f27a3..51c6d687 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "35.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 22.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "63.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,666 sq km (2020)" + "text": "2,881 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -391,22 +391,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "35.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 22.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "63.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -532,8 +532,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "formerly proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; consideration of amendments requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires at least four-fifths majority vote; if disapproved, the proposed amendment is dropped or submitted to a referendum; constitutional articles on the form of government, the multiparty system, the separation of state and religion, disqualification of Assembly members, amendment procedures, and amnesty of participants in the 2010 coup cannot be amended; amended 2011, 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "formerly proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; consideration of amendments requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires at least four-fifths majority vote; if disapproved, the proposed amendment is dropped or submitted to a referendum; constitutional articles on the form of government, the multiparty system, the separation of state and religion, disqualification of Assembly members, amendment procedures, and amnesty of participants in the 2010 coup cannot be amended" }, "note": "Note: on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the country's constitution" }, @@ -610,15 +610,14 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "formerly the Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members)" + "text": "High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members); Supreme Court (membership NA); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "formerly, Constitutional Court judges nominated/elected - 1 by the president of the Republic, 1 by the president of the National Assembly, 2 by peer judges, 2 by peer lawyers, 1 law professor by peers, and 1 from within Nigerien society; all appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years; High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary; members serve 5-year terms" + "text": "High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary to 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges nominated/elected - 1 by the president of the Republic, 1 by the president of the National Assembly, 2 by peer judges, 2 by peer lawyers, 1 law professor by peers, and 1 from within Nigerien society; all appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "formerly, Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts" - }, - "note": "Note: on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the country's judicial system" + "text": "Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts" + } }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Alliance for Democracy and the Republic
Alliance for Democratic Renewal or ARD-Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 
Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN
Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci
Democratic Alternation for Equity in Niger
Democratic and Republican Renewal-RDR-Tchanji
Democratic Movement for the Emergence of Niger Falala
Democratic Patriots' Rally or RPD Bazara
National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara
Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya
Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana
Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya
Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa
Nigerien Rally for Democracy and Peace
Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya
Peace, Justice, Progress–Generation Doubara
Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a
Rally for Peace and Progress or RPP Farilla
Social Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya
Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira

", diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index e6bf0dce..8373b386 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "78% (2018 est.)" + "text": "75.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 37.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 40% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "9.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,930 sq km (2012)" + "text": "2,188 sq km (2017)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "78% (2018 est.)" + "text": "75.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 37.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 40% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "9.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -524,8 +524,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 31b8af33..4dbd65fd 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -62,19 +62,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "45% (2018)" + "text": "44.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2018)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 40.7% (2018)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 40.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.3% (2018)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43.5% (2018)" + "text": "44% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -331,19 +334,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "45% (2018)" + "text": "44.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2018)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 40.7% (2018)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 40.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.3% (2018)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43.5% (2018)" + "text": "44% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -439,10 +445,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 2005 (preindependence); latest signed 7 July 2011, effective 9 July 2011 (Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011); note - new constitution pending establishment under the 2018 peace agreement" + "text": "previous 2005 (pre-independence); latest signed 7 July 2011, effective 9 July 2011 (Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Legislature or by the president of the republic; passage requires submission of the proposal to the Legislature at least one month prior to consideration, approval by at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of the Legislature, and assent of the president; amended 2013, 2015, 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Legislature or by the president of the republic; passage requires submission of the proposal to the Legislature at least one month prior to consideration, approval by at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of the Legislature, and assent of the president" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -530,15 +536,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of South Sudan (consists of a chief justice, deputy chief justice, and 5 additional justices); note - consistent with the 2008 Judiciary Act, the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan calls for 9, rather than 5 additional justices" + "text": "Supreme Court of South Sudan (consists of a chief justice, deputy chief justice, and 5 additional justices); the 2011 Transitional Constitution of South Sudan calls for 9, rather than 5 additional justices" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "justices appointed by the president (the 2011 Transitional Constitution of South Sudan calls for the establishment of a Judicial Service Council to recommend prospective justices to the president, and for the justices' tenures to be set by the National Legislature; neither of these steps have been effectively implemented as of mid-2023)" + "text": "the 2011 Transitional Constitution of South Sudan calls for the establishment of a Judicial Service Council to recommend prospective justices to the president, and for the justices' tenures to be set by the National Legislature" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "national level - Courts of Appeal; High Courts; County Courts; state level - High Courts; County Courts; customary courts; other specialized courts and tribunals" }, - "note": "Note: in mid-2022, the Government of South Sudan inaugurated an Ad-hoc Judiciary Committee, a 12-member body led by two eminent jurists, which is charged with reviewing relevant laws, advising on judicial reform and restructuring of the judiciary" + "note": "note: in mid-2022, the Government of South Sudan inaugurated an ad-hoc judiciary committee, a 12-member body led by two eminent jurists, that is charged with reviewing relevant laws, advising on judicial reform, and restructuring the judiciary" }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Democratic Change or DC
Democratic Forum or DF
Labour Party or LPSS
South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA
Sudan African National Union or SANU
Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO
United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    
United South Sudan African Party or USSAP
United South Sudan Party or USSP

" diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index a36f1d60..f06700c1 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "55.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -377,22 +377,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "55.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -495,10 +495,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "promulgated 16 May 1984; note - constitution suspended following military coup April 2012, restored 2014; note - in May 2020, President EMBALO established a commission to draft a revised constitution" + "text": "promulgated 16 May 1984" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National People’s Assembly if supported by at least one third of its members, by the Council of State (a presidential consultant body), or by the government; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended 1991, 1993, 1996" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National People’s Assembly if supported by at least one third of its members, by the Council of State (a presidential consultant body), or by the government; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government and national sovereignty cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -572,14 +572,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 9 judges and organized into Civil, Criminal, and Social and Administrative Disputes Chambers); note - the Supreme Court has both appellate and constitutional jurisdiction" + "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 9 judges and organized into Civil, Criminal, and Social and Administrative Disputes Chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges nominated by the Higher Council of the Magistrate, a major government organ responsible for judge appointments, dismissals, and judiciary discipline; judges appointed by the president for life" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appeals Court; regional (first instance) courts; military court" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Supreme Court has both appellate and constitutional jurisdiction" }, "Political parties": { "text": "African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde or PAIGC 
Democratic Convergence Party or PCD 
Movement for Democratic Alternation Group of 15 or MADEM-G15 
National People’s Assembly – Democratic Party of Guinea Bissau or APU-PDGB 
New Democracy Party or PND 
Party for Social Renewal or PRS 
Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID 
Union for Change or UM " diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 6aa7597a..8bd0e8cd 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "81.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 47% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 51.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 14.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "18% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "81.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 47% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 51.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 14.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "18% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 26 May 2003, effective 4 June 2003" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (with Council of Ministers approval) or by two-thirds majority vote of both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote in both houses; changes to constitutional articles on national sovereignty, the presidential term, the form and system of government, and political pluralism also require approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (with Council of Ministers approval) or by two-thirds majority vote of both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote in both houses; changes to constitutional articles on national sovereignty, the presidential term, the form and system of government, and political pluralism also require approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 5 judges; normally organized into 3-judge panels); High Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 24 judges and organized into 5 chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president after consultation with the Cabinet and the Superior Council of the Judiciary (SCJ), a 27-member body of judges, other judicial officials, and legal professionals) and approved by the Senate; chief and deputy chief justices appointed for 8-year nonrenewable terms; tenure of judges NA; High Court president and vice president appointed by the president of the republic upon approval by the Senate; judges appointed by the Supreme Court chief justice upon approval of the SCJ; judge tenure NA" + "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president after consultation with the Cabinet and the Superior Council of the Judiciary (SCJ), a 27-member body of judges, other judicial officials, and legal professionals, and approved by the Senate; chief and deputy chief justices appointed for 8-year nonrenewable terms; tenure of judges NA; High Court president and vice president appointed by the president of the republic upon approval by the Senate; judges appointed by the Supreme Court chief justice upon approval of the SCJ; judge tenure NA" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court of the Republic; commercial courts including the High Commercial Court; intermediate courts; primary courts; and military specialized courts
" diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index e586a6d0..05b5ed71 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "88.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -374,22 +374,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "88.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1970, 1979; latest drafted May 1993, approved by referendum 18 June 1993, effective 23 June 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting the country’s sovereignty, symbols and languages, the supremacy of the constitution, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, and dissolution of the Assembly also requires approval by at least 60% of voters in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting the country’s sovereignty, symbols and languages, the supremacy of the constitution, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, and dissolution of the Assembly also requires approval by at least 60% of voters in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index ec08a701..015103d5 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -77,22 +77,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "79.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "79.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 69.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 69.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -409,22 +409,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "79.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "79.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 69.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 69.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 8 May 1996, approved by the Constitutional Court 4 December 1996, effective 4 February 1997" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly of Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional sections on human rights and freedoms, non-racism and non-sexism, supremacy of the constitution, suffrage, the multi-party system of democratic government, and amendment procedures requires at least 75% majority vote of the Assembly, approval by at least six of the nine provinces represented in the National Council of Provinces, and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting the Bill of Rights, and those related to provincial boundaries, powers, and authorities requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, approval by at least six of the nine provinces represented in the National Council, and assent of the president; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly of Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional sections on human rights and freedoms, non-racism and non-sexism, supremacy of the constitution, suffrage, the multi-party system of democratic government, and amendment procedures requires at least 75% majority vote of the Assembly, approval by at least six of the nine provinces represented in the National Council of Provinces, and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting the Bill of Rights, and those related to provincial boundaries, powers, and authorities requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, approval by at least six of the nine provinces represented in the National Council, and assent of the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 21 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals president and vice president appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Services Commission (JSC), a 23-member body chaired by the chief justice and includes other judges and judicial executives, members of parliament, practicing lawyers and advocates, a teacher of law, and several members designated by the president of South Africa; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the national president on the advice of the JSC and hold office until discharged from active service by an Act of Parliament; Constitutional Court chief and deputy chief justices appointed by the president of South Africa after consultation with the JSC and with heads of the National Assembly; other Constitutional Court judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the chief justice and leaders of the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges serve 12-year nonrenewable terms or until age 70" + "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals president and vice president appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Services Commission (JSC), a 23-member body chaired by the chief justice; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the national president on the advice of the JSC and hold office until discharged from active service by an Act of Parliament; Constitutional Court chief and deputy chief justices appointed by the president of South Africa after consultation with the JSC and with heads of the National Assembly; other Constitutional Court judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the chief justice and leaders of the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges serve 12-year nonrenewable terms or until age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Courts; Magistrates' Courts; labor courts; land claims courts" @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Ebrahim RASOOL (since 13 January 2025)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Ismail ESAU (since 18 March 2025)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Dana M. BROWN (since January 2025)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires David J. GREENE (since March 2025)" }, "embassy": { "text": "877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia, Pretoria" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 12768187..0649646a 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 17.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -404,22 +404,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 17.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable; amended several times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -610,10 +610,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême  (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel  (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon recommendation of the Superior Council of the Magistrates, a body chaired by the president and minister of justice; judge tenure varies, with mandatory retirement either at 65 or 68 years; Constitutional Council members appointed - 5 by the president and 2 by the National Assembly speaker; judges serve 6-year terms, with renewal of 2 members every 2 years" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon recommendation of the Superior Council of the Magistrates, a body chaired by the president and minister of justice; judge tenure varies, with mandatory retirement either at 65 or 68 years; Constitutional Council members are appointed, 5 by the president and 2 by the National Assembly speaker; judges serve 6-year terms, with renewal of 2 members every 2 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court of Justice (for crimes of high treason by the president); Courts of Appeal; Court of Auditors; assize courts; regional and district courts; Labor Court" diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 7bf18df1..617898a0 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "5.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "64.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -310,22 +310,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "5.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "64.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest effective 1 September 2009 (St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009)" + "text": "several previous; latest effective 1 September 2009 (St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009)" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -412,14 +412,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice - a nonresident - and NA judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor acting upon the instructions from a secretary of state acting on behalf of King CHARLES III; justices of both courts serve until retirement at age 70, but terms can be extended" + "text": "Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor acting upon the instructions from a secretary of state acting on behalf of the British monarch; justices of both courts serve until retirement at age 70, but terms can be extended" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrates' Court; Small Claims Court; Juvenile Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "none" diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 4627fe7c..a214f42b 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "56.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 23.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "56.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 23.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 1 October 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in two successive readings and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms and many other constitutional sections also requires approval in a referendum with participation of at least one half of qualified voters and at least two thirds of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in two successive readings and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms and many other constitutional sections also requires approval in a referendum with participation of at least one half of qualified voters and at least two thirds of votes cast" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Superior Court of Judicature (consists of the Supreme Court - at the apex - with the chief justice and 4 other judges, the Court of Appeal with the chief justice and 7 other judges, and the High Court of Justice with the chief justice and 9 other judges); note – the Judicature has jurisdiction in all civil, criminal, and constitutional matters" + "text": "Superior Court of Judicature (consists of the Supreme Court at the top, with the chief justice and 4 other judges, the Court of Appeal with the chief justice and 7 other judges, and the High Court of Justice with the chief justice and 9 other judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court chief justice and other judges of the Judicature appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, a 7-member independent body of judges, presidential appointees, and the Commission chairman, and are subject to approval by Parliament; all Judicature judges serve until retirement at age 65" diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index b216572a..3aefa93b 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "70.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 68.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 68.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -365,22 +365,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "70.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 68.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 68.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -482,10 +482,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012 (provisional)" + "text": "previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012 " }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures’ comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended; amended 2024" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures’ comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -582,14 +582,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the provisional constitution stipulates the establishment of the Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, including the chief judge and deputy chief judge); note - under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter, a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and the Appeal Court were established; yet most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Islamic law" + "text": "the provisional constitution stipulates the establishment of the Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, including the chief judge and deputy chief judge)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges appointed by the president upon proposal of the Judicial Service Commission, a 9-member judicial and administrative body; judge tenure NA" + "text": "judges appointed by the president on proposal of the Judicial Service Commission, a 9-member judicial and administrative body; judge tenure NA" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "federal courts; federal member state-level courts; military courts; sharia courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter, a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and the Appeal Court were established, but most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, whether secular, Somali customary law, or Islamic law" }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Cosmopolitan Democratic Party
Green Party
Himilo Qaran Party
Ilays Party
Justice and Reconciliation Party
National Progressive Party
Peace and Unity Party
Qaransoor Party
Qiimo Qaran Party
Security and Justice Party
Social Justice Party
Somali Labour Party
Somali Republic Party
Somali Social Unity Party or SSUP
Union for Peace and Development Party or PDP
Wadajir Party

", diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 4d3e6e46..5ca179f1 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -73,26 +73,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 84.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 49% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "15,666 sq km (2020)" + "text": "15,504 sq km (2019)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "

An Nīl (Nile) (shared with Rwanda [s], Tanzania, Uganda, South Sudan, and Egypt [m]) - 6,650 km; Blue Nile river mouth (shared with Ethiopia [s]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

" @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 84.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 49% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -516,9 +516,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1973, 1998, 2005 (interim constitution, which was suspended in April 2019); latest initial draft completed by Transitional Military Council in May 2019; revised draft known as the \"Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period,\" or “2019 Constitutional Declaration” was signed by the Council and opposition coalition on 4 August 2019" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended 2020 to incorporate the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan; the military suspended several provisions of the Constitutional Declaration in October 2021" - } + "note": "note: amended 2020 to incorporate the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan; the military suspended several provisions of the Constitutional Declaration in October 2021" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008" @@ -563,10 +561,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges and includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary and has not been appointed since the signature of the 2019 Constitutional Declaration" + "text": "National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges and includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); a Constitutional Court was required in the 2019 Constitutional Declaration, but it has yet to be implemented" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges selected by the Supreme Judicial Council, which replaced the National Judicial Service Commission upon enactment of the 2019 Constitutional Declaration" + "text": "National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges selected by the Supreme Judicial Council" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal; other national courts; public courts; district, town, and rural courts" diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index feb01484..b9c98188 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "67.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 45.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 48.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "4.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "67.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 45.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 48.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "4.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992; revised 6 May 2024" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2007, last in 2024 (reported as a revision)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -626,10 +626,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic upon the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA" + "text": "Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Assizes (sessions court); Appeal Court; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index a1d7b732..542243ed 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "50.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 40.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 39.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "28.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -388,22 +388,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "50.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 40.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 39.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "28.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -502,8 +502,8 @@ "history": { "text": "approved 5 November 1975" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the Assembly can propose to the president of the republic that an amendment be submitted to a referendum; revised several times, last in 2006" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the Assembly can propose to the president of the republic that an amendment be submitted to a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 1427699d..ba5ed43b 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "64.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "64.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ "history": { "text": "

several previous; latest - draft published by the president 30 June 2022, approved by referendum 25 July 2022, and adopted 27 July 2022

" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People membership; following review by the Constitutional Court, approval to proceed requires an absolute majority vote by the Assembly and final passage requires a two-thirds Assembly majority vote; the president can opt to submit an amendment to a referendum, which requires an absolute majority of votes cast for passage" } }, @@ -616,10 +616,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Cassation (consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and magistrates and organized into 27 civil and 11 criminal chambers)" + "text": "Court of Cassation (consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and magistrates; organized into 27 civil and 11 criminal chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder legal specialists; judge tenure based on terms of appointment; Constitutional Court (established in the 2014 and 2022 constitutions, but inception has been delayed; note - in mid-February 2022, President SAIED dissolved the Supreme Judicial Council and replaced it with an interim council in early March 2022" + "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder legal specialists; judge tenure based on terms of appointment; Constitutional Court (established in the 2014 and 2022 constitutions, but never implemented)" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; administrative courts; Court of Audit; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts" diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index c8ba52b0..8e2e2744 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -413,22 +413,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -555,10 +555,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977; note - drafting of a new constitution by the National Assembly in 2014 had stalled, and not until 2021, when President HASSAN expressed the need for broad government reform was there a renewed mandate for a new constitution; a task force drafted and submitted a report in October 2202 with broad government reform recommendations, including a six-pronged approach to a new constitution; the president as recently as mid-2023 reaffirmed her commitment to a new constitution; Tanzania's political opposition in early 2024, called for protests rallying countrywide support for action on this issue" + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles including those on sovereignty of the United Republic, the authorities and powers of the government, the president, the Assembly, and the High Court requires two-thirds majority vote of the mainland Assembly membership and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives membership; House of Representatives approval of other amendments is not required; amended several times, last in 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles including those on sovereignty of the United Republic, the authorities and powers of the government, the president, the Assembly, and the High Court requires two-thirds majority vote of the mainland Assembly membership and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives membership; House of Representatives approval of other amendments is not required" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ "text": "Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and 10 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 60, but terms can be extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65" + "text": "Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high-level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 60, but terms can be extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Resident Magistrates Courts; Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters); district and primary courts" diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 44b204ad..db3d06ea 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -61,22 +61,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 34.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 25.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 26.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "14.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 34.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 25.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 26.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "14.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 209cb224..d951c7c0 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 28.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 37% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 21.93% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 21.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "36.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -382,22 +382,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 28.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 37% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 21.93% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 21.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "36.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -516,8 +516,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring the transitional president from being an electoral candidate after the transition" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended several times" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Council of State (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judge appointments mostly controlled by the president of Burkina Faso; judges have no term limits; Council of State judge appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Council judges appointed by the president of Burkina Faso upon the proposal of the minister of justice and the president of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years" + "text": "Supreme Court judge appointments mostly controlled by the president of Burkina Faso; judges have no term limits; Council of State judge appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Council judges appointed by the president of Burkina Faso after a proposal from the minister of justice and the president of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appeals Court; High Court; first instance tribunals; district courts; specialized courts relating to issues of labor, children, and juveniles; village (customary) courts" diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 5b51ef68..108cbb5c 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 46.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "8.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "44% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 46.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "8.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "44% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -521,8 +521,8 @@ "history": { "text": "adopted 9 February 1990, entered into force 21 March 1990" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "passage requires majority vote of the National Assembly membership and of the National Council of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; if the National Council fails to pass an amendment, the president can call for a referendum; passage by referendum requires two-thirds majority of votes cast; amendments that detract from or repeal constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended, and the requisite majorities needed by Parliament to amend the constitution cannot be changed; amended 1998, 2010, 2014" + "amendment process": { + "text": "passage requires majority vote of the National Assembly membership and of the National Council of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; if the National Council fails to pass an amendment, the president can call for a referendum; passage by referendum requires two-thirds majority of votes cast; amendments that detract from or repeal constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended, and the requisite majorities needed by Parliament to amend the constitution cannot be changed" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges in quorum sessions)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges appointed by the president of Namibia upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission; judges serve until age 65, but terms can be extended by the president until age 70" + "text": "judges appointed by the president of Namibia on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission; judges serve until age 65, but terms can be extended by the president until age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; Electoral Court, Labor Court; regional and district magistrates' courts; community courts" diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index 5f5b359f..f15e011c 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "68.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 57.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 58.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -372,22 +372,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "68.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 57.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 58.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1968, 1978; latest signed by the king 26 July 2005, effective 8 February 2006" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed at a joint sitting of both houses of Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both houses and/or majority vote in a referendum, and assent of the king; passage of amendments affecting \"specially entrenched\" constitutional provisions requires at least three-fourths majority vote by both houses, passage by simple majority vote in a referendum, and assent of the king; passage of \"entrenched\" provisions requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses, passage in a referendum, and assent of the king" } }, @@ -593,14 +593,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice - ex officio - and 4 justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice ex officio and 4 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "justices of the Supreme Court and High Court appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission (JSC), a judicial advisory body consisting of the Supreme Court Chief Justice, 4 members appointed by the monarch, and the chairman of the Civil Service Commission; justices of both courts eligible for retirement at age 65 with mandatory retirement at age 75" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrates' courts; National Swazi Courts for administering customary/traditional laws (jurisdiction restricted to customary law for Swazi citizens)" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters" }, "Political parties": { "text": "political parties exist but conditions for their operations, particularly in elections, are undefined, legally unclear, or culturally restricted; the following are considered political associations:
African United Democratic Party or AUDP 
Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC 
People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO 
Swazi Democratic Party or SWADEPA " diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index bf13c925..f61472d4 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 26.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 26.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "66.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "59.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -391,22 +391,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 26.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 26.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "66.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "59.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -521,8 +521,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 24 August 1991, promulgated 30 August 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly in two separate readings at least 30 days apart; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms requires approval by at least one half of votes cast in a referendum prior to consideration and voting by the Assembly; amended 1996, 2015, 2016; note - in late 2020, an amendment which would have altered the structure of the constitution was defeated in the National Assembly" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly in two separate readings at least 30 days apart; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms requires approval by at least one half of votes cast in a referendum prior to consideration and voting by the Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, and at least 11 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 11 judges); note - the Constitutional Court began operation in June 2016" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, and at least 11 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 11 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the advice of the 9-member Judicial Service Commission, which is headed by the chief justice, and ratified by the National Assembly; judges normally serve until age 65" diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 7c79714e..71db137e 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 31.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 31.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "39.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 31.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 31.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "39.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -528,8 +528,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1965 (at Rhodesian independence), 1979 (Lancaster House Agreement), 1980 (at Zimbabwean independence); latest final draft completed January 2013, approved by referendum 16 March 2013, approved by Parliament 9 May 2013, effective 22 May 2013" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; amendments to constitutional chapters on fundamental human rights and freedoms and on agricultural lands also require approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; amendments to constitutional chapters on fundamental human rights and freedoms and on agricultural lands also require approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65 but can elect to serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judge appointment NA; judges serve nonrenewable 15-year terms" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president on recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65 but can elect to serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judge appointment NA; judges serve nonrenewable 15-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; Labor Court; Administrative Court; regional magistrate courts; customary law courts; special courts" diff --git a/antarctica/ay.json b/antarctica/ay.json index e9f0fcca..70d5d37d 100644 --- a/antarctica/ay.json +++ b/antarctica/ay.json @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ "land": { "text": "14.2 million sq km (285,000 sq km ice-free, 13.915 million sq km ice-covered) (est.)" }, - "note": "note: fifth-largest continent, following Asia, Africa, North America, and South America, but larger than Australia and the subcontinent of Europe" + "note": "note: fifth-largest continent, following Asia, Africa, North America, and South America, but larger than Australia and the continent of Europe" }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US" @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "text": "Antarctica" }, "etymology": { - "text": "name derived from two Greek words meaning \"opposite to the Arctic\" or \"opposite to the north\"" + "text": "name derived from two Greek words, anti and arktikos, meaning \"opposite to the Arctic\" or \"opposite to the north\"" } }, "Government type": { diff --git a/antarctica/bv.json b/antarctica/bv.json index a7c49eb2..9979d36e 100644 --- a/antarctica/bv.json +++ b/antarctica/bv.json @@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ "agricultural land": { "text": "0% (2018 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { @@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ "agricultural land": { "text": "0% (2018 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index deefde7d..a379759b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "24.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 9.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "75.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "85.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -303,22 +303,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "24.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 9.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "75.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "85.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ "text": "AS" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the meaning of Samoa is disputed; some modern explanations are that the \"sa\" connotes  \"sacred\" and \"moa\" indicates \"center,\" so the name can mean \"Holy Center\"; alternatively, some assertions state that it can mean \"place of the sacred moa bird\" of Polynesian mythology; the name, however, may go back to Proto-Polynesian (PPn) times (before 1000 B.C.); a plausible PPn reconstruction has the first syllable as \"sa'a\" meaning \"tribe or people\" and \"moa\" meaning \"deep sea or ocean\" to convey the meaning \"people of the deep sea\"" + "text": "the meaning of Samoa is disputed; according to one theory, sa means \"sacred\" and moa means \"center,\" so the name can mean \"Holy Center\"; alternatively, some assert that the name can mean \"place of the sacred moa bird\" of Polynesian mythology; however, the name may pre-date the Polynesian era (before 1000 B.C.), with sa'a meaning \"tribe or people\" and moa meaning \"deep sea,\" or \"people of the deep sea\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -393,8 +393,8 @@ "history": { "text": "adopted 17 October 1960; revised 1 July 1967" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by either house of the Legislative Assembly; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by the membership of each house, approval by simple majority vote in a referendum, approval by the US Secretary of the Interior, and only by an act of the US Congress; amended several times, last in 2021" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by either house of the Legislative Assembly; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by the membership of each house, approval by simple majority vote in a referendum, approval by the US Secretary of the Interior, and only by an act of the US Congress" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -425,14 +425,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "High Court of American Samoa (consists of the chief justice, associate chief justice, and 6 Samoan associate judges and organized into trial, family, drug, and appellate divisions); note - American Samoa has no US federal courts" + "text": "High Court of American Samoa (consists of the chief justice, associate chief justice, and 6 Samoan associate judges and organized into trial, family, drug, and appellate divisions) " }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice and associate chief justice appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior to serve for life; Samoan associate judges appointed by the governor to serve for life" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "district and village courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: American Samoa has no US federal courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democratic Party
Republican Party" diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 713b7c07..90164241 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -74,26 +74,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.65% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 43.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "17.42% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "33.42% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "15,210 sq km (2020)" + "text": "19,450 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -400,22 +400,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.65% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 43.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "17.42% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "33.42% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ "text": "Australia" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name Australia derives from the Latin \"australis\" meaning \"southern\"; the Australian landmass was long referred to as \"Terra Australis\" or the Southern Land" + "text": "the name Australia derives from the Latin australis meaning \"southern\"; the Australian landmass was long referred to as \"Terra Australis,\" or the Southern Land" } }, "Government type": { @@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ "history": { "text": "approved in a series of referenda from 1898 through 1900 and became law 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires approval of a referendum bill by absolute majority vote in both houses of Parliament, approval in a referendum by a majority of voters in at least four states and in the territories, and Royal Assent; proposals that would reduce a state’s representation in either house or change a state’s boundaries require that state’s approval prior to Royal Assent; amended several times, last in 1977" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires approval of a referendum bill by absolute majority vote in both houses of Parliament, approval in a referendum by a majority of voters in at least four states and in the territories, and Royal Assent; proposals that would reduce a state’s representation in either house or change a state’s boundaries require that state’s approval prior to Royal Assent" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "text": "justices appointed by the governor-general in council for life with mandatory retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "subordinate courts: at the federal level: Federal Court; Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia;  at the state and territory level: Local Court - New South Wales; Magistrates' Courts – Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory; District Courts – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; County Court – Victoria; Family Court – Western Australia; Court of Petty Sessions – Norfolk Island

 

 

" + "text": "subordinate courts: at the federal level: Federal Court; Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia;  at the state and territory level: Local Court - New South Wales; Magistrates' Courts – Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory; District Courts – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; County Court – Victoria; Family Court – Western Australia; Court of Petty Sessions – Norfolk Island" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/at.json b/australia-oceania/at.json index e4eb4472..ff947a2c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/at.json +++ b/australia-oceania/at.json @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ "text": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands" }, "etymology": { - "text": "named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800" + "text": "named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted the island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800" } }, "Dependency status": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 01429669..361af2da 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "78.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "90.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -362,22 +362,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "78.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "90.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -466,10 +466,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978; note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution; progress has been stalled, but as of February 2023, the draft constitution was with the Constitutional Review Unit in the prime minister's office " + "text": "adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -540,10 +540,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges, as prescribed by the National Parliament)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice and includes 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals; all judges serve until retirement at age 60" + "text": "Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice and includes 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals; all judges serve until retirement at age 60" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrates' Courts; Customary Land Appeal Court; local courts" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 919318e3..b35162c4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -206,9 +206,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "23 November 1955 (Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955)" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended many times, last in 2020" } }, "Citizenship": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 17fc8645..f6cd606c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "65.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -304,22 +304,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "65.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ "history": { "text": "partially effective 9 January 1978 (Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands); fully effective 4 November 1986 (Covenant Agreement)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by constitutional convention, by public petition, or by the Legislature; ratification of proposed amendments requires approval by voters at the next general election or special election; amendments proposed by constitutional convention or by petition become effective if approved by a majority of voters and at least two-thirds majority of voters in each of two senatorial districts; amendments proposed by the Legislature are effective if approved by majority vote; amended several times, last in 2012" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by constitutional convention, by public petition, or by the Legislature; ratification of proposed amendments requires approval by voters at the next general election or special election; amendments proposed by constitutional convention or by petition become effective if approved by a majority of voters and at least two-thirds majority of voters in each of two senatorial districts; amendments proposed by the Legislature are effective if approved by majority vote" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -431,14 +431,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices); US Federal District Court (consists of 1 judge); note - US Federal District Court jurisdiction limited to US federal laws; appeals beyond the CNMI Supreme Court are referred to the US Supreme Court" + "text": "Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices); US Federal District Court (consists of 1 judge)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "CNMI Supreme Court judges appointed by the governor and confirmed by the CNMI Senate; judges appointed for 8-year terms and another term if directly elected in a popular election; US Federal District Court judges appointed by the US president and confirmed by the US Senate; judges appointed for renewable 10-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Superior Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: US Federal District Court jurisdiction limited to US federal laws; appeals beyond the CNMI Supreme Court are referred to the US Supreme Court" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democratic Party
Republican Party" diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 0e884974..d65ca014 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "64.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "65% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -360,22 +360,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "64.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "65% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -446,8 +446,8 @@ "history": { "text": "4 August 1965 (Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in each of several readings and assent of the chief of state’s representative; passage of amendments relating to the chief of state also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in each of several readings and assent of the chief of state’s representative; passage of amendments relating to the chief of state also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -505,14 +505,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges of the High Court); High Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and land divisions); note - appeals beyond the Cook Islands Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges of the High Court); High Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and land divisions) " }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "High Court chief justice appointed by the Queen's Representative on the advice of the Executive Council tendered by the prime minister; other judges appointed by the Queen's Representative, on the advice of the Executive Council tendered by the chief justice, High Court chief justice, and the minister of justice; chief justice and judges appointed for 3-year renewable terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "justices of the peace" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Cook Islands Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Cook Islands Party or CIP
Cook Islands United Party 
Democratic Party or Demo
One Cook Islands Movement or OCI" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index a368def4..6470aefd 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "55.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -373,22 +373,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "55.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president" } }, @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE (since 12 November 2021)" + "text": "President Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU (since 12 November 2024)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA (since 24 December 2022)" @@ -528,10 +528,10 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 October 2021 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister endorsed by the president" + "text": "president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2024 (next to be held in 2027); prime minister endorsed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021: Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE (People's Alliance) 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA (SODELPA) 23 votes

2018: Jioji Konousi KONROTE reelected president (unopposed) " + "text": "2024: Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU elected president (People's Alliance) 35 votes, Meli Tora TAVAIQIA (Fiji First) 14 votes

2021: Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE (People's Alliance) 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA (SODELPA) 23 votes" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -571,14 +571,14 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji upon the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the committee of the House of Representatives responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years nor more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65" + "text": "chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji on the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the House of Representatives committee responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years or more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)" } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Fiji First 
Fiji Labor Party or FLP 
Freedom Alliance (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP)
National Federation Party or NFP 
People's Alliance 
Peoples Democratic Party or PDP 
Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA 
Unity Fiji " + "text": "Fiji First 
Fiji Labor Party or FLP 
Freedom Alliance (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP)
National Federation Party or NFP 
People's Alliance 
Peoples Democratic Party or PDP 
Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA 
Unity Fiji" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 035296b9..bea96211 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "74.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "92.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -329,22 +329,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "74.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "92.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -436,9 +436,10 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted June 1975, ratified 1 October 1978, entered into force 10 May 1979" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Congress, by a constitutional convention, or by public petition; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote in at least three fourths of the states; amended 1990; note – at least every 10 years as part of a general or special election, voters are asked whether to hold a constitution convention; a majority of affirmative votes is required to proceed; amended many times, last in 2019 (approval by referendum to hold a constitutional convention)" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Congress, by a constitutional convention, or by public petition; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote in at least three fourths of the states" + }, + "note": "note: at least every ten years, voters are asked as part of a general or special election whether to hold a constitution convention; a majority of affirmative votes is required to proceed" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" @@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and not more than 5 associate justices and organized into appellate and criminal divisions)" + "text": "Federated States of Micronesia Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and not more than 5 associate justices and organized into appellate and criminal divisions)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "justices appointed by the FSM president with the approval of two-thirds of Congress; justices appointed for life" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index f96801d9..88ca2294 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -311,22 +311,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "French constitution amendment procedures apply" } }, @@ -470,14 +470,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (composition NA); note - appeals beyond the French Polynesia Court of Appeal are heard by the Court of Cassation (in Paris)" + "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (composition NA)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges assigned from France normally for 3 years" + "text": "judges assigned from France for 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif" - } + "text": "Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Première Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif" + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the French Polynesia Court of Appeal are heard by the Court of Cassation (in Paris)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "I Love Polynesia (A here la Porinetia) 
List of the People (Tapura Huiraatira) 
People's Servant Party (Tavini Huiraatira) 
Rally of the Maohi People (Amuitahiraʻa o te Nunaʻa Maohi) (formerly known as Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira))" diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index d1ffd9bf..24550ae1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "33.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 16.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "47.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -303,22 +303,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "33.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 16.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "47.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -403,9 +403,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "effective 1 July 1950 (Guam Act of 1950 serves as a constitution)" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended many times, last in 2015" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -466,14 +463,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Guam (consists of 3 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Guam are referred to the US Supreme Court" + "text": "Supreme Court of Guam (consists of 3 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "justices appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Guam legislature; justices appointed for life subject to retention election every 10 years" + "text": "justices appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Guam legislature; justices appointed for life but subject to retention election every 10 years" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Superior Court of Guam - includes several divisions; US Federal District Court for the District of Guam (a US territorial court; appeals beyond this court are heard before the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit)" - } + "text": "Superior Court of Guam (includes several divisions); US Federal District Court for the District of Guam (a US territorial court; appeals beyond this court are heard before the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit)" + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Guam are referred to the US Supreme Court" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democratic Party
Republican Party" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index f54dcc27..60b0c886 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 39.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 39.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "15% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -373,22 +373,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 39.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 39.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "15% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -481,10 +481,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council 1915, The Gilbert Islands Order in Council 1975 (preindependence); latest promulgated 12 July 1979 (at independence)" + "text": "The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council 1915, The Gilbert Islands Order in Council 1975 (pre-independence); latest promulgated 12 July 1979 (at independence)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; passage of amendments affecting the constitutional section on amendment procedures and parts of the constitutional chapter on citizenship requires deferral of the proposal to the next Assembly meeting where approval is required by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and support of the nominated or elected Banaban member of the Assembly; amendments affecting the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms also requires approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; passage of amendments affecting the constitutional section on amendment procedures and parts of the constitutional chapter on citizenship requires deferral of the proposal to the next Assembly meeting where approval is required by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and support of the nominated or elected Banaban member of the Assembly; amendments affecting the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms also requires approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "High Court (consists of a chief justice and other judges as prescribed by the president); note - the High Court has jurisdiction on constitutional issues" + "text": "High Court (consists of a chief justice and other judges as prescribed by the president)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice appointed by the president on the advice of the cabinet in consultation with the Public Service Commission (PSC); other judges appointed by the president on the advice of the chief justice along with the PSC" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index c3f319bf..e752b574 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -202,9 +202,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "1 October 1958 (Christmas Island Act 1958)" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended many times, last in 2020" } }, "Citizenship": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index dc2695a9..6d4fa59d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "45.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -314,22 +314,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "45.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution with changes as reflected in the Noumea Accord of 5 May 1998)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "French constitution amendment procedures apply" } }, @@ -464,14 +464,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal in Noumea or Cour d'Appel; organized into civil, commercial, social, and pre-trial investigation chambers; court bench normally includes the court president and 2 counselors); Administrative Court (number of judges NA); note - final appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (in Paris); final appeals beyond the Administrative Court are referred to the Administrative Court of Appeal (in Paris)" + "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; organized into civil, commercial, social, and pre-trial investigation chambers; court bench normally includes the court president and 2 counselors); Administrative Court (number of judges NA)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judge appointment and tenure based on France's judicial system" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of First Instance include: civil, juvenile, commercial, labor, police, criminal, assizes, and also a pre-trial investigation chamber; Joint Commerce Tribunal; administrative courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: final appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (in Paris); final appeals beyond the Administrative Court are referred to the Administrative Court of Appeal (in Paris)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Caledonia Together or CE 
Caledonian Union or UC 
Future With Confidence or AEC 
Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) 
Labor Party or PT 
National Union for Independence or UNI 
Oceanian Awakening 
Party of Kanak Liberation or PALIKA 
Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS 
The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) " diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index 340c5b16..a100c2b5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "19.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "71.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "72.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -207,22 +207,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "19.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "71.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "72.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -291,8 +291,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous (New Zealand colonial statutes); latest 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act 1974)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and approval by at least two-thirds majority votes in a referendum; passage of amendments to a number of sections, including Niue’s self-governing status, British nationality and New Zealand citizenship, external affairs and defense, economic and administrative assistance by New Zealand, and amendment procedures, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and at least two thirds of votes in a referendum; amended 1992, 2007; note - in early 2021, the constitution review committee of the Assembly requested suggestions from the public about changes to the constitution" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and approval by at least two-thirds majority votes in a referendum; passage of amendments to a number of sections, including Niue’s self-governing status, British nationality and New Zealand citizenship, external affairs and defense, economic and administrative assistance by New Zealand, and amendment procedures, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and at least two thirds of votes in a referendum " } }, "Suffrage": { @@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and up to 3 judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the final appeal court beyond the Niue Court of Appeal" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and up to 3 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Niue chief justice appointed by the governor general on the advice of the Cabinet and tendered by the premier; other judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the Cabinet and tendered by the chief justice and the minister of justice; judges serve until age 68" @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court" }, - "note": "note: Niue is a participant in the Pacific Judicial Development Program, which is designed to build governance and the rule of law in 15 Pacific island countries" + "note": "note: the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the final appeal court beyond the Niue Court of Appeal" }, "Political parties": { "text": "none" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index 3876ba19..9f909e65 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 25% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 25% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "63.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -138,22 +138,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 25% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 25% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "63.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.8% (2022 est.)" } } }, @@ -207,9 +207,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1913, 1957; latest effective 7 August 1979" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended many times, last in 2020" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -266,14 +263,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island are heard by the Federal Court and the High Court of Australia" + "text": "Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (consists of the chief justice and several justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "justices appointed by the governor general of Australia from among justices of the Federal Court of Australia; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Petty Court of Sessions; specialized courts, including a Coroner's Court and the Employment Tribunal" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island are heard by the Federal Court and the High Court of Australia" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Norfolk Island Labor Party 
Norfolk Liberals " diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index f675c142..ddf5f06a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -71,22 +71,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "15.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "48.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -363,22 +363,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "15.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "48.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -475,8 +475,8 @@ "history": { "text": "draft completed August 1979, finalized by constitution conference 19 September 1979, ratified by French and British Governments 23 October 1979, effective 30 July 1980 at independence" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the prime minister or by the Parliament membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by Parliament in special session with at least three fourths of the membership; passage of amendments affecting the national and official languages, or the electoral and parliamentary system also requires approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2013" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the prime minister or by the Parliament membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by Parliament in special session with at least three fourths of the membership; passage of amendments affecting the national and official languages, or the electoral and parliamentary system also requires approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court designated by the chief justice); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 puisne judges - 3 local and 3 expatriate)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court designated by the chief justice); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 puisne judges -- 3 local and 3 expatriate)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 4-member advisory body; judges serve until the age of retirement" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index d38eeffe..bd117e01 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "20% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 20% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "80% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -349,22 +349,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "20% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 20% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "80% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -446,8 +446,8 @@ "history": { "text": "effective 29 January 1968" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the executive and legislative branches, also require two-thirds majority of votes in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the executive and legislative branches, also require two-thirds majority of votes in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -502,14 +502,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - in late 2017, the Nauruan Government revoked the 1976 High Court Appeals Act, which had allowed appeals beyond the Nauruan Supreme Court, and in early 2018, the government formed its own appeals court" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges appointed by the president to serve until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "District Court, Family Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: in 2017, the Nauruan Government revoked the 1976 High Court Appeals Act, which had allowed appeals beyond the Nauruan Supreme Court, and in 2018, the government formed its own appeals court" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Nauru does not have formal political parties; alliances within the government are often formed based on extended family ties" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 4dc9a6dd..737e733f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 34.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 34.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -512,8 +512,8 @@ "history": { "text": "New Zealand has no single constitution document; the Constitution Act 1986, effective 1 January 1987, includes only part of the uncodified constitution; others include a collection of statutes or \"acts of Parliament,\" the Treaty of Waitangi, Orders in Council, letters patent, court decisions, and unwritten conventions" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as bill by Parliament or by referendum called either by the government or by citizens; passage of a bill as an act normally requires two separate readings with committee reviews in between to make changes and corrections, a third reading approved by the House of Representatives membership or by the majority of votes in a referendum, and assent of the governor-general; passage of amendments to reserved constitutional provisions affecting the term of Parliament, electoral districts, and voting restrictions requires approval by 75% of the House membership or the majority of votes in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as bill by Parliament or by referendum called either by the government or by citizens; passage of a bill as an act normally requires two separate readings with committee reviews in between to make changes and corrections, a third reading approved by the House of Representatives membership or by the majority of votes in a referendum, and assent of the governor-general; passage of amendments to reserved constitutional provisions affecting the term of Parliament, electoral districts, and voting restrictions requires approval by 75% of the House membership or the majority of votes in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices, including the chief justice); note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final appeals court" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices, including the chief justice)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "justices appointed by the governor-general upon the recommendation of the attorney- general; justices appointed until compulsory retirement at age 70" diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index fbaa0103..128254aa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2011 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "74.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "74.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2011 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "74.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "74.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.5% (2022 est.)" } } }, @@ -242,14 +242,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Pitcairn Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, 2 judges, and the Supreme Court chief justice, an ex-officio member); Pitcairn Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Pitcairn Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Pitcairn Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, 2 judges, and the Supreme Court chief justice, an ex-officio member); Pitcairn Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "all judges of both courts appointed by the governor of the Pitcairn Islands on the instructions of the British monarch through the Secretary of State; all judges can serve until retirement, normally at age 75" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrate's Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Pitcairn Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "none" @@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ "text": "postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey" }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Zambia 99%, Czechia 0%, UK 0%, US 0%, Australia 0% (2022)", + "text": "UK 21%, Canada 19%, Tanzania 12%, Colombia 11%, Spain 8% (2023)", "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" }, "Exports - commodities": { @@ -297,11 +298,11 @@ "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Zambia 100%, NZ 0%, Brazil 0%, UAE 0%, UK 0% (2022)", + "text": "USA 59%, NZ 37%, Italy 2%, UAE 1%, Brazil 1% (2023)", "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "raw copper, refined copper, cobalt oxides and hydroxides, corn, soybean meal (2022)", + "text": "construction vehicles, refined petroleum, beef, computers, other foods (2023)", "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Exchange rates": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 4f0ae6d9..53cef5f5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "87.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "90.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "1.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -352,22 +352,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "87.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "90.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "1.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ "history": { "text": "ratified 9 July 1980, effective 1 January 1981" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by a constitutional convention (held at least once every 15 years with voter approval), by public petition of at least 25% of eligible voters, or by a resolution adopted by at least three fourths of National Congress members; passage requires approval by a majority of votes in at least three fourths of the states in the next regular general election; amended several times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by a constitutional convention (held at least once every 15 years with voter approval), by public petition of at least 25% of eligible voters, or by a resolution adopted by at least three fourths of National Congress members; passage requires approval by a majority of votes in at least three fourths of the states in the next regular general election" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "justices nominated by a 7-member independent body consisting of judges, presidential appointees, and lawyers and appointed by the president; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "National Court and other 'inferior' courts" + "text": "National Court and other inferior courts" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 2fe98031..bb821d2f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "50.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 31.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 36.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 11.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "49.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -361,22 +361,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "50.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 31.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 36.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 11.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "49.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -473,8 +473,8 @@ "history": { "text": "effective 1 May 1979" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Parliament or by a constitutional convention; passage by Parliament requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership in each of two readings and approval by a majority of votes in a referendum; amendments submitted by a constitutional convention require approval of at least two thirds of votes in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Parliament or by a constitutional convention; passage by Parliament requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership in each of two readings and approval by a majority of votes in a referendum; amendments submitted by a constitutional convention require approval of at least two thirds of votes in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges appointed by the Cabinet upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission (consists of the chief justice of the High Court, the attorney general and a private citizen selected by the Cabinet) and upon approval of the Nitijela; the current chief justice, appointed in 2013, serves for 10 years; Marshallese citizens appointed as justices serve until retirement at age 72" + "text": "judges appointed by the Cabinet on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission (consists of the chief justice of the High Court, the attorney general and a private citizen selected by the Cabinet) and upon approval of the Nitijela; the current chief justice, appointed in 2013, serves for 10 years; Marshallese citizens appointed as justices serve until retirement at age 72" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; District Courts; Traditional Rights Court; Community Courts" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 378c838a..3acee405 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "40% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -198,22 +198,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "40% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest effective 1 January 1949 (Tokelau Islands Act 1948)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a resolution by the General Fono; passage requires support by each village and approval by the General Fono; amended several times, last in 2007" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a resolution by the General Fono; passage requires support by each village and approval by the General Fono" } }, "Citizenship": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 017d33bf..9041008b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 27.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 15.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "44.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 27.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 15.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "44.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -493,8 +493,8 @@ "history": { "text": "adopted 4 November 1875, revised 1988, 2016" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by the Assembly in each of three readings, the unanimous approval of the Privy Council (a high-level advisory body to the monarch), the Cabinet, and assent to by the monarch; revised 1988; amended many times, last in 2013" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by the Assembly in each of three readings, the unanimous approval of the Privy Council (a high-level advisory body to the monarch), the Cabinet, and assent to by the monarch" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -566,14 +566,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and a number of judges determined by the monarch); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are brought before the King in Privy Council, the monarch's advisory organ that has both judicial and legislative powers" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and a number of judges determined by the monarch)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judge appointments and tenures made by the King in Privy Council and subject to consent of the Legislative Assembly" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Supreme Court; Magistrates' Courts; Land Courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are brought before the King in Privy Council, the monarch's advisory organ that has both judicial and legislative powers" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands or DPFI or PTOA 
Tonga People's Party (Paati ʻa e Kakai ʻo Tonga) or PAK or TPPI" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 27147f50..1aabfafa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -362,22 +362,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 60% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -471,8 +471,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1978 (at independence); latest effective 1 October 1986" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the final reading; amended 2007, 2010, 2013, 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the final reading" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 10cde21b..52d047a7 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 35.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 35.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "41.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "0.6 sq km (2020)" + "text": "0.6 sq km (2022)" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "cyclones; tsunamis" @@ -301,22 +301,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 35.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 35.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "41.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "French constitution amendment procedures apply" } }, @@ -436,14 +436,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Assizes or Cour d'Assizes (consists of 1 judge; court hears primarily serious criminal cases); note - appeals beyond the Court of Assizes are heard before the Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (in Noumea, New Caledonia)" + "text": "Court of Assizes or Cour d'Assizes (consists of 1 judge; court hears primarily serious criminal cases)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "NA" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "courts of first instance; labor court; note - justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the 3 traditional kings administer customary law, and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu" - } + "text": "courts of first instance; labor court" + }, + "note": "note 1: appeals beyond the Court of Assizes are heard before the Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (in Noumea, New Caledonia)

note 2: justice is generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the 3 traditional kings administer customary law" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Left Radical Party or PRG (formerly Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG)
Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians)
Rally for Wallis and Futuna-The Republicans (Rassemblement pour Wallis and Futuna) or RPWF-LR 
Socialist Party or PS
Taumu'a Lelei 
Union Pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 64f6783b..f9ee28ce 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "12.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "60.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -369,22 +369,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "12.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "60.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -479,10 +479,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest 1 January 1962" + "text": "several previous (pre-independence); latest 1 January 1962" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as an act by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the third reading - provided at least 90 days have elapsed since the second reading, and assent of the chief of state; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles on customary land or constitutional amendment procedures also requires at least two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as an act by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the third reading - provided at least 90 days have elapsed since the second reading, and assent of the chief of state; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles on customary land or constitutional amendment procedures also requires at least two-thirds majority approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -559,10 +559,10 @@ "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 2 Supreme Court judges and meets once or twice a year); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice appointed by the chief of state upon the advice of the prime minister; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a 3-member body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general and an appointee of the Minister of Justice; judges normally serve until retirement at age 68" + "text": "chief justice appointed by the chief of state on the advice of the prime minister; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a 3-member body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general and an appointee of the Minister of Justice; judges normally serve until retirement at age 68" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "District Court; Magistrates' Courts; Land and Titles Courts; village fono or village chief councils" + "text": "District Court; Magistrates' Courts; Land and Titles Courts; village chief councils" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 59e1e80e..ce9ad234 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "86.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "86.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -321,22 +321,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "86.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "86.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ "text": "Aruba" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase \"oro huba\" (there was gold), but in fact no gold was ever found on the island; another possibility is the native word \"oruba,\" which means \"well-situated\"" + "text": "the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase oro hubo (\"there was gold\"), but no gold was ever found on the island; other possible sources are either the local word oruba, which means \"well-situated,\" or a combination of two Carib Indian words, ora and oubao, respectively meaning \"shell\" and \"island\"" } }, "Government type": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index ed78b77f..f6895c4a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "20.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "60.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -341,22 +341,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "20.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "60.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -407,13 +407,13 @@ "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { - "text": "none" + "text": "Antigua and Barbuda" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Antigua and Barbuda" }, "etymology": { - "text": "\"antiguo\" is Spanish for \"ancient\" or \"old\"; the island was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and, according to tradition, named by him after the church of Santa Maria la Antigua (Old Saint Mary's) in Seville; \"barbuda\" is Spanish for \"bearded\" and the adjective may refer to the alleged beards of the indigenous people or to the island's bearded fig trees" + "text": "antiguo is Spanish for \"ancient\" or \"old\"; Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in 1493, after the church of Santa Maria la Antigua (Old Saint Mary's) in Seville, Spain; barbuda is Spanish for \"bearded\" and may refer to the island's lichen-covered fig trees" } }, "Government type": { @@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest presented 31 July 1981, effective 31 October 1981 (The Antigua and Barbuda Constitution Order 1981)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as citizenship, fundamental rights and freedoms, the establishment, power, and authority of the executive and legislative branches, the Supreme Court Order, and the procedure for amending the constitution requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership of both houses, approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum, and assent to by the governor general; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by both houses; amended 2009, 2011, 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as citizenship, fundamental rights and freedoms, the establishment, power, and authority of the executive and legislative branches, the Supreme Court Order, and the procedure for amending the constitution requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership of both houses, approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum, and assent to by the governor general; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by both houses" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -549,10 +549,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Antigua and Barbuda" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the His Majesty, King CHARLES III; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Industrial Court; Magistrates' Courts" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 136e6b06..4fe9ae04 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "61.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "38.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -298,22 +298,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "61.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "38.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ "text": "Anguilla" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name Anguilla means \"eel\" in various Romance languages (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French) and likely derives from the island's lengthy shape" + "text": "in 1493, Christopher Columbus named the island Anguilla, meaning \"eel\" in Spanish, because of the island's elongated shape" } }, "Government type": { @@ -372,9 +372,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest 1 April 1982" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended 1990, 2012, 2017, 2019" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -428,10 +425,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, though none on Anguilla" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia  and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 70848202..3e7f2dc5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "19.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "48% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -354,22 +354,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "19.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "48% (2018 est.)" + "text": "62.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -468,10 +468,9 @@ "history": { "text": "adopted 22 November 1966, effective 30 November 1966; Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, 2021 establishes Barbados as a republic and revokes the earlier Order in Council" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as citizenship, fundamental rights and freedoms, and the organization and authorities of the branches of government requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament; passage of other amendments only requires a majority vote of both houses; amended several times, last in 2021" - }, - "note": "note: following the transition to a republic in November 2021, the Government of Barbados in February 2022 began the process of establishing a constitution commission to review a new draft constitution" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as citizenship, fundamental rights and freedoms, and the organization and authorities of the branches of government requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament; passage of other amendments only requires a majority vote of both houses" + } }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index efee9471..5197114c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "51.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -328,22 +328,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "51.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -431,10 +431,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1964 (preindependence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973" + "text": "previous 1964 (pre-independence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as an \"Act\" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as an \"Act\" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index d6f240f2..fb132c8c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "60.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "60.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -501,10 +501,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1954, 1963 (preindependence); latest signed and entered into force 21 September 1981; note - in July 2022, the government introduced a bill to establish the People's Constitutional Commission to review the constitution and to provide recommendations to the National Assembly" + "text": "previous 1954, 1963 (pre-independence); latest signed and entered into force 21 September 1981" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed and adopted by two-thirds majority vote of the National Assembly House of Representatives except for amendments relating to rights and freedoms, changes to the Assembly, and to elections and judiciary matters, which require at least three-quarters majority vote of the House; both types of amendments require assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed and adopted by two-thirds majority vote of the National Assembly House of Representatives except for amendments relating to rights and freedoms, changes to the Assembly, and to elections and judiciary matters, which require at least three-quarters majority vote of the House; both types of amendments require assent of the governor general" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -604,10 +604,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with the court president and 3 justices, and the Supreme Court with the chief justice and 10 justices); note - in 2010, Belize acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London" + "text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with the court president and 3 justices, and the Supreme Court with the chief justice and 10 justices); the Caribbean Court of Justice is the final court of appeal" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Appeal president and justices appointed by the governor-general upon advice of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; justices' tenures vary by terms of appointment; Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the prime minister and the National Assembly opposition leader; other judges appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; judges can be appointed beyond age 65 but must retire by age 75; in 2013, the Supreme Court chief justice overturned a constitutional amendment that had restricted Court of Appeal judge appointments to as short as 1 year" + "text": "Court of Appeal president and justices appointed by the governor-general upon advice of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; justices' tenures vary by terms of appointment; Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the prime minister and the National Assembly opposition leader; other judges appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; judges can be appointed beyond age 65 but must retire by age 75" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrates' Courts; Family Court" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 869b406a..c0c0f81b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "35.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -299,22 +299,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "35.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -395,9 +395,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved 10 June 2009, entered into force 6 November 2009 (The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009)" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended 2016, 2020" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -451,14 +448,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); Grand Court (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); Grand Court (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges) " }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Court of Appeal and Grand Court judges appointed by the governor on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an 8-member independent body consisting of governor appointees, Court of Appeal president, and attorneys; Court of Appeal judges' tenure based on their individual instruments of appointment; Grand Court judges normally appointed until retirement at age 65 but can be extended until age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Summary Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Cayman Islands Peoples Party or CIPP
People's Progressive Movement or PPM" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index b671a2bd..51989c45 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "37.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 25.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "51.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "37.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 25.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "51.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest effective 8 November 1949" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposals require the signatures of at least 10 Legislative Assembly members or petition of at least 5% of qualified voters; consideration of proposals requires two-thirds majority approval in each of three readings by the Assembly, followed by preparation of the proposal as a legislative bill and its approval by simple majority of the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership; a referendum is required only if approved by at least two thirds of the Assembly; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposals require the signatures of at least 10 Legislative Assembly members or petition of at least 5% of qualified voters; consideration of proposals requires two-thirds majority approval in each of three readings by the Assembly, followed by preparation of the proposal as a legislative bill and its approval by simple majority of the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership; a referendum is required only if approved by at least two thirds of the Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 2b73329c..fce116f3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 33.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 28% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "27.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "12.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 33.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 28% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "27.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "12.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the National Assembly of People’s Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index edb20371..f6ec1bff 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 24% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "59.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -314,22 +314,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 24% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "59.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1967 (preindependence); latest presented 25 July 1978, entered into force 3 November 1978" + "text": "previous 1967 (pre-independence); latest presented 25 July 1978, entered into force 3 November 1978" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as fundamental rights and freedoms, the government structure, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by three fourths of the Assembly membership in the final reading of the amendment bill, approval by simple majority in a referendum, and assent of the president; amended several times, last in 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as fundamental rights and freedoms, the government structure, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by three fourths of the Assembly membership in the final reading of the amendment bill, approval by simple majority in a referendum, and assent of the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -497,10 +497,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Dominica; note - in 2015, Dominica acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; the Caribbean Court of Justice is the final court of appeal" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Summary Jurisdiction; magistrates' courts" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 6cb7a1a8..f5bb2dec 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -76,26 +76,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "51.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,980 sq km (2018)" + "text": "2,981 sq km (2018)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -404,22 +404,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "51.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum" } }, @@ -642,10 +642,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges); note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment" + "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms" + "text": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary composed of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index d3c81706..d48c56eb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 33.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "274 sq km (2020)" + "text": "240 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "athough it is the smallest country in land area in Central America, El Salvador has a population that is 18 times larger than Belize; at least 20% of the population lives abroad; high population density country-wide, with particular concentration around the capital of San Salvador" @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 33.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -473,6 +473,9 @@ }, "local short form": { "text": "El Salvador" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "means \"the Savior\" in Spanish and is a shortened form of \"the Divine Savior of the World\" (el Divino Salvador del Mundo), referring to Jesus Christ; Spanish colonists gave the name to the fort located where the country's capital of San Salvador now stands, and the name was later used for the city, the surrounding region, and after 1824, the country" } }, "Government type": { @@ -489,7 +492,7 @@ "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { - "text": "Spanish for \"The Savior\" (referring to Jesus Christ)" + "text": "Spanish for \"Holy Savior\" (referring to Jesus Christ)" } }, "Administrative divisions": { @@ -508,8 +511,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest drafted 16 December 1983, enacted 23 December 1983" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposals require agreement by absolute majority of the Legislative Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on basic principles, and citizen rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003, 2009, 2014" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposals require agreement by absolute majority of the Legislative Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on basic principles, and citizen rights and freedoms cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -587,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 15 judges, including its president, and 15 substitute judges organized into Constitutional, Civil, Penal, and Administrative Conflict Chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges elected by the Legislative Assembly on the recommendation of both the National Council of the Judicature, an independent body elected by the Legislative Assembly, and the Bar Association; judges elected for 9-year terms, with renewal of one-third of membership every 3 years; consecutive reelection is allowed" + "text": "judges elected by the Legislative Assembly on the recommendation of both the National Council of the Judicature, an independent body elected by the Legislative Assembly, and the Bar Association; judges elected for 9-year terms, with renewal of one third of membership every 3 years; consecutive reelection is allowed" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appellate Courts; Courts of First Instance; Courts of Peace" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 3963c256..e9cc844e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 20.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "50% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -345,22 +345,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 20.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "50% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended 1991, 1992" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -553,14 +553,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Grenada; appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts " }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "National Democratic Congress or NDC
New National Party or NNP" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 1676ff56..29208a8a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -395,22 +395,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended and reinstated in 1994" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by agreement of 10 or more deputies of Congress, by the Constitutional Court, or by public petition of at least 5,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Congress membership and approval by public referendum, referred to as \"popular consultation\"; constitutional articles such as national sovereignty, the republican form of government, limitations on those seeking the presidency, or presidential tenure cannot be amended; amended 1993" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by agreement of 10 or more deputies of Congress, by the Constitutional Court, or by public petition of at least 5,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Congress membership and approval by public referendum, referred to as \"popular consultation\"; constitutional articles such as national sovereignty, the republican form of government, limitations on those seeking the presidency, or presidential tenure cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -590,14 +590,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; note - the Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad of Guatemala resides outside the country's judicial system; its sole purpose is the interpretation of the constitution and to see that the laws and regulations are not superior to the constitution (consists of 5 titular magistrates and 5 substitute magistrates)" + "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Courts of Appeal; magistrates elected for concurrent, renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the (public) University of San Carlos, and 1 by the Assembly of the College of Attorneys and Notaries; judges elected for renewable, consecutive 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year term" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appellate Courts of Accounts, Contentious Administrative Tribunal, courts of appeal, first instance courts, child and adolescence courts, minor or peace courts" - } + }, + "note": "note 1: the Supreme Court of Justice president also supervises trial judges countrywide

note 2: the Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad of Guatemala resides outside the country's judicial system; its sole purpose is the interpretation of the constitution and to see that the laws and regulations are not superior to the constitution (consists of 5 titular magistrates and 5 substitute magistrates)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Bienestar Nacional or BIEN
Blue Party (Partido Azul) or Blue
CABAL
Cambio
Citizen Prosperity or PC
Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO
Elephant Community (Comunidad Elefante) or Elephant
Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG-MAIZ or URNG
Humanist Party of Guatemala or PHG
Movement for the Liberation of Peoples or MLP
Movimiento Semilla or SEMILLA
National Advancement Party or PAN
National Convergence Front or FCN-NACION
National Unity for Hope or UNE
Nationalist Change Union or UCN (dissolved 16 December 2021)
Nosotros or PPN
PODEMOS
Political Movement Winaq or Winaq
TODOS
Value or VALOR
Vamos por una Guatemala Diferente or VAMOS
Victory or VICTORIA
Vision with Values or VIVA
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity (Voluntad, Oportunidad y Solidaridad) or VOS" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 1aeb309a..bda243eb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "66.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "65.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 36.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "30% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -390,22 +390,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "66.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "65.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 38.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 36.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "30% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -510,11 +510,12 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012; note – the constitution is commonly referred to as the “amended 1987 constitution”" + "text": "many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2012" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended" + }, + "note": "note: the constitution is commonly referred to as the “amended 1987 constitution”" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" @@ -623,15 +624,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (currently 11 of 12 judges as prescribed by the constitution, 8 of whom were appointed in March 2023); note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice; Constitutional Court, called for in the 1987 constitution but not yet established; High Court of Justice, for trying high government officials - currently not functional" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (consists of 12 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of Haiti's constitution states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for 10 years, whereas Article 177 states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for life" + "text": "judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrate's courts; land, labor, and children's courts" }, - "note": "note: the Superior Council of the Judiciary or Conseil Superieur du Pouvoir Judiciaire is a 9-member body charged with the administration and oversight of the judicial branch of government" + "note": "note: the Superior Council of the Judiciary or Conseil Supérieur du Pouvoir Judiciaire is a 9-member body charged with the administration and oversight of the judicial branch of government

note: Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice, the Constitutional Court (called for in the 1987 constitution but not yet established), and the High Court of Justice, for trying high government officials (currently not functional)

note: Article 174 of Haiti's constitution states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for 10 years, whereas Article 177 states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for life" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Emancipation (Ligue Alternative pour le Progres et l’Emancipation Haitienne) or LAPEH
Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH or Mochrenha
Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH
Combat of Peasant Workers to Liberate Haiti (Konbit Travaye Peyizan Pou Libere Ayiti) or Kontra Pep La
Convention for Democratic Unity or KID
Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA
December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm
Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS (coalition includes KID and PPRH)
Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED
Democratic and Popular Sector (Secteur Democratique et Populaire) or SDP
Democratic Unity Convention (Konvansyon Inite Demokratik) or KID
Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD
Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP
Fanmi Lavalas or FL
Forward (En Avant)
Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (Fusion Des Sociaux-Démocrates Haïtiens) or FHSD
G18 Policy Platform (Plateforme Politique G18)
Haiti in Action (Ayiti An Aksyon Haiti's Action) or AAA
Haitian Tet Kale Party (Parti Haitien Tet Kale) or PHTK
Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN
Lavni Organization or LAVNI
Lod Demokratik
Love Haiti (Renmen Ayiti) or RA
MTV Ayiti
National Consortium of Haitian Political Parties (Consortium National des Partis Politiques Haitiens) or CNPPH
National Shield Network (Reseau Bouclier National)
Organization of the People's Struggle (Oganizasyon Pep Kap Lite) or OPL
Patriotic Unity (Inite Patriyotik) or Inite
Platform Pitit Desalin (Politik Pitit Dessalines) or PPD
Political Party for Us All or Bridge (Pont) or Pou Nou Tout
Popular Patriotic Dessalinien Movement (Mouvement Patriotique Populaire Dessalinien) or MOPOD
Rally of Progressive National Democrats (Rassemblement des Democrates Nationaux Progressistes) or RDNP
Respe (Respect)
Women and Families Political Parties (Defile Pati Politik Fanm Ak Fanmi)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 59a15f6d..f860edb4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "45.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "45.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -516,8 +516,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Congress with at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Congress in its next annual session; constitutional articles, such as the form of government, national sovereignty, the presidential term, and the procedure for amending the constitution, cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2021" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Congress with at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Congress in its next annual session; constitutional articles, such as the form of government, national sovereignty, the presidential term, and the procedure for amending the constitution, cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -592,14 +592,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15 principal judges, including the court president, and 6 alternates; court organized into civil, criminal, constitutional, and labor chambers); note - the court has both judicial and constitutional jurisdiction" + "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15 principal judges, including the court president, and 6 alternates; court organized into civil, criminal, constitutional, and labor chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "court president elected by his peers; judges elected by the National Congress from candidates proposed by the Nominating Board, a diverse 7-member group of judicial officials and other government and non-government officials nominated by each of their organizations; judges elected by Congress for renewable, 7-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Supreme Court has both judicial and constitutional jurisdiction" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Anti-Corruption Party or PAC
Christian Democratic Party or DC
Democratic Liberation of Honduras or Liderh
Democratic Unification Party or UD
The Front or El Frente
Honduran Patriotic Alliance or AP
Innovation and Unity Party or PINU
Liberal Party or PL
Liberty and Refoundation Party or LIBRE
National Party of Honduras or PNH
New Route or NR
Opposition Alliance against the Dictatorship or Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura (electoral coalition)
Savior Party of Honduras or PSH
Vamos or Let’s Go
We Are All Honduras (Todos Somos Honduras) or TSH" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index b0207263..338b10fb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 21.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -382,22 +382,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 21.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -489,10 +489,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest drafted 1961-62, submitted to British Parliament 24 July 1962, entered into force 6 August 1962 (at independence)" + "text": "several previous (pre-independence); latest drafted 1961-62, submitted to British Parliament 24 July 1962, entered into force 6 August 1962 (at independence)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to \"non-entrenched\" constitutional sections, such as lowering the voting age, requires majority vote by the Parliament membership; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" sections, such as fundamental rights and freedoms, requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; passage of amendments to \"specially entrenched\" sections such as the dissolution of Parliament or the executive authority of the monarch requires two-thirds approval by Parliament and approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017; note - in mid-July 2024, Jamaica’s Constitutional Reform Committee submitted its report on recommendations for reform of the constitution and awaiting debate in Parliament" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to \"non-entrenched\" constitutional sections, such as lowering the voting age, requires majority vote by the Parliament membership; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" sections, such as fundamental rights and freedoms, requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; passage of amendments to \"specially entrenched\" sections such as the dissolution of Parliament or the executive authority of the monarch requires two-thirds approval by Parliament and approval in a referendum " } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -592,14 +592,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of president of the court and a minimum of 4 judges); Supreme Court (40 judges organized in specialized divisions); note - appeals beyond Jamaica's highest courts are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) rather than to the Caribbean Court of Justice (the appellate court for member states of the Caribbean Community)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of president of the court and a minimum of 4 judges); Supreme Court (40 judges organized in specialized divisions)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice of the Supreme Court and president of the Court of Appeal appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister; other judges of both courts appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; judges of both courts serve till age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "resident magistrate courts, district courts, and petty sessions courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond Jamaica's highest courts are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) rather than to the Caribbean Court of Justice (the appellate court for member states of the Caribbean Community)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Jamaica Labor Party or JLP
Jamaica Progressive Party or JPP
People's National Party or PNP
United Independents' Congress or UIC

" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index e553ecb1..e2887177 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 20% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -315,22 +315,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 20% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -389,9 +389,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1960; latest put into force 20 October 2010 (The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010)" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended 2011, 2020" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -450,10 +447,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 1 assigned to Montserrat; Montserrat is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; Montserrat is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrate's court" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index 599da01e..8145020d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ "Natural resources": { "text": "

fish, salt

" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "89.1% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg), followed closely by Cul de Sac" }, @@ -274,6 +285,17 @@ "Climate": { "text": "

tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 150 cm/year; hurricane season stretches from July to November

" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "89.1% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "100% of total population (2023)" @@ -341,7 +363,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 21 July 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Sint Maarten but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposals initiated by the Government or by Parliament; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority of the Parliament membership; passage of amendments relating to fundamental rights, authorities of the governor and of Parliament must include the \"views\" of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Government prior to ratification by Parliament" } }, @@ -399,7 +421,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (consists of the presiding judge, other members, and their substitutes); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court (in The Hague, Netherlands); note - prior to 2010, the Joint Court of Justice was the Common Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba" + "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (consists of the presiding judge, other members, and their substitutes); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court in The Hague, Netherlands" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch serve for life" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index be8fdc75..d6986cf1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -370,22 +370,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -497,8 +497,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2025" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 4bba0a26..cdeb8a9d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "407 sq km (2020)" + "text": "394 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -390,22 +390,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 11 October 1972" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly, by the Cabinet, or by the Supreme Court of Justice; passage requires approval by one of two procedures: 1) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in a single reading without textual modifications; 2) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings, followed by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in each of three readings with textual modifications, and approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2004" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly, by the Cabinet, or by the Supreme Court of Justice; passage requires approval by one of two procedures: 1) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in a single reading without textual modifications; 2) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings, followed by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in each of three readings with textual modifications, and approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index 338c5593..27f6a472 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -47,12 +47,23 @@ "text": "Pic du Paradis 424 m" }, "lowest point": { - "text": "Caribbean Ocean 0 m" + "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "salt" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "24.8% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "75.2% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found along the coast, with a largest concentrations around the capital Marigot, Orleans, and Grand-Case" }, @@ -256,6 +267,17 @@ "Climate": { "text": "temperature averages 27-29 degrees Celsius all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; hurricane season stretches from July to November" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "24.8% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "75.2% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "15,480 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -314,7 +336,7 @@ "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "amendment procedures of France's constitution apply" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 14bd4ecc..94e06bea 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "63.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -332,22 +332,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "63.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1900 (Organic Act, or Foraker Act); latest ratified by referendum 3 March 1952, approved 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by a concurrent resolution of at least two-thirds majority by the total Legislative Assembly membership; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and approval by a majority of voters in a special referendum; if passed by at least three-fourths Assembly vote, the referendum can be held concurrently with the next general election; constitutional articles such as the republican form of government or the bill of rights cannot be amended; amended 1952" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by a concurrent resolution of at least two-thirds majority by the total Legislative Assembly membership; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and approval by a majority of voters in a special referendum; if passed by at least three-fourths Assembly vote, the referendum can be held concurrently with the next general election; constitutional articles such as the republican form of government or the bill of rights cannot be amended" } }, "Citizenship": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index d7e348b0..8d2326e0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "42.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -357,22 +357,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "42.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -467,9 +467,9 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest presented 22 June 1983, effective 23 June 1983" + "text": "several previous (pre-independence); latest presented 22 June 1983, effective 23 June 1983" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; amendments to constitutional provisions such as the sovereignty of the federation, fundamental rights and freedoms, the judiciary, and the Nevis Island Assembly also require approval in a referendum by at least two thirds of the votes cast in Saint Kitts and in Nevis" } }, @@ -541,10 +541,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Kitts and Nevis; note - the ECSC in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; Saint Kitts and Nevis is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by His Majesty, King Charles III; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrates' courts" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 25dee360..90d247a3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "17.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "77% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -357,22 +357,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "17.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "77% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -466,8 +466,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1958, 1960 (preindependence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Assembly membership in the final reading and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to various constitutional sections, such as those on fundamental rights and freedoms, government finances, the judiciary, and procedures for amending the constitution, require at least three-quarters majority vote by the House and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments approved by the House but rejected by the Senate require a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2008" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Assembly membership in the final reading and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to various constitutional sections, such as those on fundamental rights and freedoms, government finances, the judiciary, and procedures for amending the constitution, require at least three-quarters majority vote by the House and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments approved by the House but rejected by the Senate require a majority of votes cast in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -566,10 +566,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states with 4 on Saint Lucia; Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrate's court" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 73aed3e7..de630fc9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -44,12 +44,23 @@ "text": "Morne du Vitet 286 m" }, "lowest point": { - "text": "Caribbean Ocean 0 m" + "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "few natural resources; beaches foster tourism" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "8.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "91.5% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the populace concentrated in and around the capital of Gustavia, but scattered settlements exist around the island periphery" }, @@ -249,6 +260,17 @@ }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "8.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "91.5% (2022 est.)" + } } }, "Government": { @@ -305,7 +327,7 @@ "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "amendment procedures of France's constitution apply" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 61218fa8..3f9fcf72 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "44% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -354,22 +354,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "44% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1962; latest 1976" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president; amended many times, last in 2007" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ "text": "President Christine KANGALOO (since 20 March 2023)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Keith ROWLEY (since 9 September 2015); note - on 26 February 2025, Prime Minister ROWLEY announced that he will be resigning on 16 March 2025" + "text": "Prime Minister Stuart Richard YOUNG (since 17 March 2025)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament" @@ -566,14 +566,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges); note - Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "People's National Movement or PNM
United National Congress or UNC
Tobago People’s Party or Tobago" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index c1d2fca1..15261585 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ "text": "Blue Hill on Providenciales and Flamingo Hill on East Caicos 48 m" }, "lowest point": { - "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m" + "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m" } }, "Natural resources": { @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "62.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "87.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -316,22 +316,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "62.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "87.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -407,9 +407,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest signed 7 August 2012, effective 15 October 2012 (The Turks and Caicos Constitution Order 2011)" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "NA" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -466,14 +463,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and other judges, as determined by the governor); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and other judges, as determined by the governor); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court and Appeals Court judges appointed by the governor in accordance with the Judicial Service Commission, a 3-member body of high-level judicial officials; Supreme Court judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended to age 70; Appeals Court judge tenure determined by individual terms of appointment" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrates' courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Supreme Court are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "People's Democratic Movement or PDM
Progressive National Party or PNP" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index 350f0f3d..c8b0b7da 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -61,13 +61,16 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 10% (2018)" }, + "forest": { + "text": "0.2% (2022 est.)" + }, "other": { - "text": "90% (2018 est.)" + "text": "99.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -275,13 +278,16 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 10% (2018)" }, + "forest": { + "text": "0.2% (2022 est.)" + }, "other": { - "text": "90% (2018 est.)" + "text": "99.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -374,7 +380,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 5 September 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Curacao but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - in October 2010, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Curacao became a semi-autonomous entity within the Kingdom of the Netherlands" + "text": "previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 5 September 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Curacao but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands)" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -431,7 +437,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court, in The Hague, Netherlands" + "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court in The Hague, Netherlands" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch for life" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 71219e2e..71b4e456 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "68.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -348,22 +348,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "68.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1969, 1975; latest drafted 26 July 1979, effective 27 October 1979 (The Saint Vincent Constitution Order 1979)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections on fundamental rights and freedoms, citizen protections, various government functions and authorities, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum of at least two thirds of the votes cast, and assent of the governor general" } }, @@ -528,10 +528,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrates' courts" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index dfbc41e7..202bd067 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 33.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "24.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "29% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -306,22 +306,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 33.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "24.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "29% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -394,8 +394,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 15 June 2007 (The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "initiated by any elected member of the House of Assembly; passage requires simple majority vote by the elected members of the Assembly and assent by the governor on behalf of the monarch; amended 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "initiated by any elected member of the House of Assembly; passage requires simple majority vote by the elected members of the Assembly and assent by the governor on behalf of the monarch" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -447,10 +447,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 3 in the British Virgin Islands" + "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by His Majesty, King Charles III; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrates' Courts" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index c8860350..e18e13a1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "57.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -307,22 +307,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "57.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -395,9 +395,6 @@ "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "22 July 1954 - the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands functions as a constitution for this US territory" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended several times, last in 2012" } }, "Citizenship": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index a947ad50..7ccad6ba 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "55.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 48.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "5.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "39.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "10,043 sq km (2020)" + "text": "10,041 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "55.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 48.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "5.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "39.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -523,9 +523,9 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in April 2021 that transitioned Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and implemented changes that allow the president to serve for two 5-year terms rather than one 6-year term, reduced the number of seats in Kyrgyzstan's legislature from 120 to 90, and established a Kurultay - a public advisory council" + "text": "previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in April 2021 that transitioned Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and implemented changes that allow the president to serve for two 5-year terms rather than one 6-year term, reduced the number of seats in Kyrgyzstan's legislature from 120 to 90, and established a Kurultay (a public advisory council)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president" } }, diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 90e0640f..d1f44f82 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "77.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "79.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 68.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 68.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "18,099 sq km (2020)" + "text": "17,794 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "77.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "79.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 68.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 68.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -536,10 +536,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995" + "text": "previous 1937, 1978 (pre-independence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president; amended several times, last in 2022" + "amendment process": { + "text": "introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index a799f8ae..26f07ecc 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -76,22 +76,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "13.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "49.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "37.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -418,22 +418,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "13.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "49.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "37.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -573,8 +573,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous (during Russian Empire and Soviet era); latest drafted 12 July 1993, adopted by referendum 12 December 1993, effective 25 December 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the Russian Federation, by either house of the Federal Assembly, by the government of the Russian Federation, or by legislative (representative) bodies of the Federation's constituent entities; proposals to amend the government’s constitutional system, human and civil rights and freedoms, and procedures for amending or drafting a new constitution require formation of a Constitutional Assembly; passage of such amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of its total membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of valid votes; approval of proposed amendments to the government structure, authorities, and procedures requires approval by the legislative bodies of at least two thirds of the Russian Federation's constituent entities; amended several times, last in 2020 (major revisions)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the Russian Federation, by either house of the Federal Assembly, by the government of the Russian Federation, or by legislative (representative) bodies of the Federation's constituent entities; proposals to amend the government’s constitutional system, human and civil rights and freedoms, and procedures for amending or drafting a new constitution require formation of a Constitutional Assembly; passage of such amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of its total membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of valid votes; approval of proposed amendments to the government structure, authorities, and procedures requires approval by the legislative bodies of at least two thirds of the Russian Federation's constituent entities" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -666,13 +666,13 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes" + "text": "Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for life" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions" + "text": "regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts (the 21 Russian republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions)" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 43506e0f..e22d0410 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "62.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "5,690 sq km (2020)" + "text": "5,681 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river source (shared with Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan [m]) - 2,620 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "62.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended; amended 1999, 2003, 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region" + "text": "regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province-level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 0aa52b6b..75cfbc7c 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "72% (2018 est.)" + "text": "84.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 80.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "8.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "19,950 sq km (2012)" + "text": "16,459 sq km (2012)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "72% (2018 est.)" + "text": "84.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 80.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "8.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -528,8 +528,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 14 September 2016" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Assembly or Mejlis; passage requires two-thirds majority vote or absolute majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2023 (changed legislature from bicameral to unicameral Assembly or Mejlis; reestablished People's Council or Halk Maslahaty and named former president Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV as National Leader of the Turkmen people" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Assembly or Mejlis; passage requires two-thirds majority vote or absolute majority approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 316bafab..4764821a 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -61,26 +61,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "62.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "58.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 51.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 47.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "29.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "37,320 sq km (2020)" + "text": "37,305 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "62.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "58.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 51.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 47.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "29.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -523,10 +523,9 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2023" - }, - "note": "note: in a public referendum passed in April 2023, among the changes were the extension of the presidential term to 7 years from 5 years, and modifications to the structure and powers of the Supreme Assembly and to the criminal code " + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum" + } }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 0de898b8..80a39516 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "19.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "48.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -413,22 +413,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "19.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "48.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -542,8 +542,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1947, 1974 (suspended until 2008); latest drafted 9 April 2008, approved by referendum 29 May 2008" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposals require at least 20% approval by the Assembly of the Union membership; passage of amendments to sections of the constitution on basic principles, government structure, branches of government, state emergencies, and amendment procedures requires 75% approval by the Assembly and approval in a referendum by absolute majority of registered voters; passage of amendments to other sections requires only 75% Assembly approval; military granted 25% of parliamentary seats by default; amended 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposals require at least 20% approval by the Assembly of the Union membership; passage of amendments to sections of the constitution on basic principles, government structure, branches of government, state emergencies, and amendment procedures requires 75% approval by the Assembly and approval in a referendum by absolute majority of registered voters; passage of amendments to other sections requires only 75% Assembly approval; military granted 25% of parliamentary seats by default" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index a3c9c900..f7235346 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "71.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "72.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -383,22 +383,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "71.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "72.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -492,11 +492,12 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "drafted 1954 to 1959, signed 29 September 1959; note - some constitutional provisions suspended since 1962 under a State of Emergency, others suspended since independence in 1984" + "text": "drafted 1954 to 1959, signed 29 September 1959" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the monarch; passage requires submission to the Privy Council for Legislative Council review and finalization takes place by proclamation; the monarch can accept or reject changes to the original proposal provided by the Legislative Council; amended several times, last in 2010" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the monarch; passage requires submission to the Privy Council for Legislative Council review and finalization takes place by proclamation; the monarch can accept or reject changes to the original proposal provided by the Legislative Council" + }, + "note": "note: some constitutional provisions suspended since 1962 under a state of emergency, others suspended since independence in 1984" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC" @@ -564,14 +565,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court (consists the Court of Appeals and the High Court); note - Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court (consists the Court of Appeals and the High Court); " }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court judges appointed by the monarch for life" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Intermediate Court; Magistrates' Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only" }, "Political parties": { "text": "National Development Party or NDP", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 80937541..823149c0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 23.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "56.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 23.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "56.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -520,8 +520,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended; amended several times, latest 2022" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -623,10 +623,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime; the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (also called the Khmer Rouge Tribunal) was established in 2006 and began hearings for the first case in 2009; court proceedings remain ongoing in 2021" + "text": "Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of the court renewed every 3 years" + "text": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one third of the court renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appellate Court; provincial and municipal courts; Military Court" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index bf965ecc..9322de95 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "22.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -420,22 +420,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "22.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -567,8 +567,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 4 December 1982" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress or supported by more than one fifth of the National People’s Congress membership; passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the Congress membership; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress or supported by more than one fifth of the National People’s Congress membership; passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the Congress membership" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index 0b8b037e..b50ff6d3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "95% (2018 est.)" + "text": "96.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -330,22 +330,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "95% (2018 est.)" + "text": "96.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -420,11 +420,12 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution); note - since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law" + "text": "several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution) " }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, or the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, approval by two thirds of Hong Kong’s deputies to the NPC, and approval by the Hong Kong chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC" - } + }, + "note": "note: since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law" }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see China" @@ -479,10 +480,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 20 non-permanent judges); note - a sitting bench consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 1 non-permanent judge" + "text": "Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 20 non-permanent judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "all judges appointed by the Hong Kong Chief Executive upon the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, an independent body consisting of the Secretary for Justice, other judges, and judicial and legal professionals; permanent judges serve until normal retirement at age 65, but term can be extended; non-permanent judges appointed for renewable 3-year terms without age limit" + "text": "all judges appointed by the Hong Kong Chief Executive on the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, an independent body consisting of the Secretary for Justice, other judges, and judicial and legal professionals; permanent judges serve until normal retirement at age 65, but term can be extended; non-permanent judges appointed for renewable 3-year terms without age limit" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance); District Courts (includes Family and Land Courts); magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index e275ed4a..cc4456e8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -71,22 +71,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "51.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -407,22 +407,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "31.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 14.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "51.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -550,8 +550,8 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2002" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 7b2369dc..cd03c48a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -71,22 +71,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "68.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -389,22 +389,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "68.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1947" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -631,14 +631,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issues" + "text": "Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum at the first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterward" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum during the first general election of the House of Representatives after each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterward" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "8 High Courts (Koto-saiban-sho), each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho saibansho), with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho)" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issues" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Conservative Party of Japan or CPJ
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP 
Democratic Party for the People or DPFP or DPP 
Japan Communist Party or JCP 
Japan Innovation Party or Nippon Ishin no kai or Ishin 
Komeito or Komei
Liberal Democratic Party or LDP 
Okinawa Social Mass Party or Okinawa Whirlwind or OW
Party to Protect the People from NHK or NHK
Reiwa Shinsengumi 
Sanseito Party
Social Democratic Party or SDP" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index d89b9800..e77c9818 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "21.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "46% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -380,22 +380,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "21.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "46% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "32.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -495,8 +495,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1948, 1972; latest adopted 1998 (during KIM Jong-il era)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA); passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the total SPA membership; revised several times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA); passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the total SPA membership" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 07dfc31d..68984ac3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "63.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "63.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest passed by National Assembly 12 October 1987, approved in referendum 28 October 1987, effective 25 February 1988" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president or by majority support of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum by more than one half of the votes by more than one half of eligible voters, and promulgation by the president; amended several times, last in 1987" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president or by majority support of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum by more than one half of the votes by more than one half of eligible voters, and promulgation by the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 13 justices); Constitutional Court (consists of a court head and 8 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president with the consent of the National Assembly; other justices appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the chief justice and consent of the National Assembly; position of the chief justice is a 6-year nonrenewable term; other justices serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 3 by the president, 3 by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Supreme Court chief justice; court head serves until retirement at age 70, while other justices serve 6-year renewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president with the consent of the National Assembly; other justices appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chief justice and consent of the National Assembly; position of the chief justice is a 6-year nonrenewable term; other justices serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 3 by the president, 3 by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Supreme Court chief justice; court head serves until retirement at age 70, while other justices serve 6-year renewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Courts; District Courts; Branch Courts (organized under the District Courts); specialized courts for family and administrative issues" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 62fd8a4d..d709b802 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "67.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "4,409 sq km (2020)" + "text": "4,410 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Mènam Khong (Mekong) (shared with China [s], Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam [m]) - 4,350 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -395,22 +395,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "67.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1947 (preindependence); latest promulgated 13-15 August 1991" + "text": "previous 1947 (pre-independence); latest promulgated 13-15 August 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended 2003, 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index fa032984..57f51a92 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -61,10 +61,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -292,10 +295,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -369,8 +375,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, under Portuguese authority); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as Macau's constitution)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, and the Macau Special Administrative Region; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Assembly of Macau, approval by two thirds of Macau's deputies to the NPC, and consent of the Macau chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC; amended 2005, 2012" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, and the Macau Special Administrative Region; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Assembly of Macau, approval by two thirds of Macau's deputies to the NPC, and consent of the Macau chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC" } }, "Citizenship": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index c18dd792..398fbcae 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "73% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 72.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 71.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "602 sq km (2020)" + "text": "796 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -400,22 +400,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "73% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 72.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 71.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992, effective 12 February 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes; amended 1999, 2000, 2019, 2023; note - an amendment passed in a referendum held in May 2023 increased the seats in the State Great Hural from 76 to 126" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes " } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of the chairman and 8 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president upon recommendation by the General Council of Courts - a 14-member body of judges and judicial officials - to the State Great Hural; appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed from nominations by the State Great Hural - 3 each by the president, the State Great Hural, and the Supreme Court; appointment is 6 years; chairmanship limited to a single renewable 3-year term" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president on recommendation of the General Council of Courts -- a 14-member body of judges and judicial officials -- to the State Great Hural; appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed from nominations by the State Great Hural - 3 each by the president, the State Great Hural, and the Supreme Court; appointment is 6 years; chairmanship limited to a single renewable 3-year term" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "aimag (provincial) and capital city appellate courts; soum, inter-soum, and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index 25883f8a..0001094c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 19.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "62% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "4,420 sq km (2020)" + "text": "4,420 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a highly uneven distribution with over 80% of the population residing on the Malay Peninsula" @@ -386,22 +386,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 19.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "62% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1948; latest drafted 21 February 1957, effective 27 August 1957" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a bill by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in the bill’s second and third readings; a number of constitutional sections are excluded from amendment or repeal; amended many times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a bill by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in the bill’s second and third readings; a number of constitutional sections are excluded from amendment or repeal" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -607,14 +607,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Federal Court (consists of the chief justice, president of the Court of Appeal, chief justice of the High Court of Malaya, chief judge of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak, 8 judges, and 1 \"additional\" judge); note - Malaysia has a dual judicial hierarchy of civil and religious (sharia) courts" + "text": "Federal Court (consists of the chief justice, president of the Court of Appeal, chief justice of the High Court of Malaya, chief judge of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak, 8 judges, and 1 \"additional\" judge)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Federal Court justices appointed by the monarch on advice of the prime minister; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 66 with the possibility of a single 6-month extension" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Sessions Court; Magistrates' Court" - } + }, + "note": "note: Malaysia has a dual judicial hierarchy of civil and religious (sharia) courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN:
Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Malaysia) or MCA 
Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC
United Malays National Organization (Pertubuhan Kebansaan Melayu Bersatu) or UMNO 
United Sabah People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah) or PBRS 

Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan) or PH:
Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP 
National Trust Party (Parti Amanah Negara) or AMANAH 
People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR 
United Progressive Kinabalu Organization (Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu) or UPKO 

National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional) or PN:
Malaysian People's Movement Party (Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia) or GERAKAN or PGRM 
Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) or PPBM or BERSATU 
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia) or PAS 

Sabah People's Alliance (Gabungan Rakya Sabah) or GRS:
Homeland Solidarity Party (Parti Solidariti Tanah Airku) or STAR 
Love Sabah Party (Parti Cinta Sabah) or PCS
Sabah People's Ideas Party (Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah) or GAGASAN or PGRS 
 

Sarawak Parties Alliance (Gabungan Parti Sarawak) or GPS:
Progressive Democratic Party (Parti Demokratik Progresif) or PDP 
Sarawak People's Party (Parti Rakyat Sarawak) or PRS 
Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak) or SUPP 
United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersata) or PBB 

Others: 
Malaysian Nation Party (Parti Bangsa Malaysia) or PBM
Heritage Party (Parti Warisan) or WARISAN 
Homeland Fighter's Party (Parti Pejuang Tanah Air) or PEJUANG 
Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia) or MUDA 
United Sarawak Party (PSB) 

" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index adc207de..ccd6147a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "63.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "79% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "63.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "79% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ "history": { "text": "adopted 15 August 1975, effective at independence 16 September 1975" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage has prescribed majority vote requirements depending on the constitutional sections being amended – absolute majority, two-thirds majority, or three-fourths majority; amended many times, last in 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage has prescribed majority vote requirements depending on the constitutional sections being amended – absolute majority, two-thirds majority, or three-fourths majority" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, 35 justices, and 5 acting justices); National Courts (consists of 13 courts located in the provincial capitals, with a total of 19 resident judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor general upon advice of the National Executive Council (cabinet) after consultation with the National Justice Administration minister; deputy chief justice and other justices appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body that includes the Supreme Court chief and deputy chief justices, the chief ombudsman, and a member of the National Parliament; full-time citizen judges appointed for 10-year renewable terms; non-citizen judges initially appointed for 3-year renewable terms and after first renewal can serve until age 70; appointment and tenure of National Court resident judges NA" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor general on advice of the National Executive Council (cabinet) after consultation with the National Justice Administration minister; deputy chief justice and other justices appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body that includes the Supreme Court chief and deputy chief justices, the chief ombudsman, and a member of the National Parliament; full-time citizen judges appointed for 10-year renewable terms; non-citizen judges initially appointed for 3-year renewable terms and after first renewal can serve until age 70; appointment and tenure of National Court resident judges NA" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "district, village, and juvenile courts, military courts, taxation courts, coronial courts, mining warden courts, land courts, traffic courts, committal courts, grade five courts" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 7f1d4126..83211f18 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 17.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 18.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "33.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -403,22 +403,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 17.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 18.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "33.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -536,8 +536,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1987" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index a8c1216f..670e3317 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "95.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "77.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "95.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "77.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -507,8 +507,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (although the number of judges varies - as of April 2019, the court totaled 20 judges, 7 judicial commissioners, 4 judges of appeal, and 16 international judges); the court is organized into an upper tier Appeal Court and a lower tier High Court" + "text": "Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index eec6e89d..2a2e9730 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 30.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 33.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -409,22 +409,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "41.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 30.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 33.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -551,8 +551,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest drafted and presented 29 March 2016, approved by referendum 7 August 2016, signed into law by the king on 6 April 2017" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amendments require a majority vote in a joint session of the House and Senate and further require at least one fifth of opposition House members and one third of the Senate vote in favor; a national referendum is additionally required for certain amendments; all amendments require signature by the king; Thailand's 2017 constitution was amended in November 2021 to increase the number of constituency members of parliament (MPs) from 350 to 400, reduce the number of party-list MPs from 150 to 100, and change the election to a two-ballot system" + "amendment process": { + "text": "amendments require a majority vote in a joint session of the House and Senate and further require at least one fifth of opposition House members and one third of the Senate vote in favor; a national referendum is additionally required for certain amendments; all amendments require signature by the king" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index eab2f105..e3daaf40 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "49.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -382,22 +382,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "25.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "49.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted 2001, approved 22 March 2002, entered into force 20 May 2002" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by Parliament and parliamentary groups; consideration of amendments requires at least four-fifths majority approval by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by Parliament and promulgation by the president of the republic; passage of amendments to the republican form of government and the flag requires approval in a referendum" } }, @@ -581,8 +581,7 @@ }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal; High Administrative, Tax, and Audit Court; district courts; magistrates' courts; military courts" - }, - "note": "note: the UN Justice System Programme, launched in 2003 and being rolled out in 4 phases through 2018, is helping strengthen the country's justice system; the Programme is aligned with the country's long-range Justice Sector Strategic Plan, which includes legal reforms" + } }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democratic Party or PD 
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT 
National Unity of the Sons of Timor (Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan or KHUNTO) 
People's Liberation Party or PLP 
Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 44abe6e1..e0b4dc5d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -67,16 +67,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.4% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "77.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "78% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -315,16 +321,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.4% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "77.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "78% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -396,8 +408,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1912, 1931; latest adopted 25 December 1946, promulgated 1 January 1947, effective 25 December 1947" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one fourth of the Legislative Yuan membership; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote of at least three fourths of the Legislative Yuan membership and approval in a referendum by more than half of eligible voters; revised several times, last in 2005" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one fourth of the Legislative Yuan membership; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote of at least three fourths of the Legislative Yuan membership and approval in a referendum by more than half of eligible voters" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -474,7 +486,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 100 judges organized into civil and criminal panels, each with a chief justice and 4 associate justices); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 13 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court justices appointed by the president; Constitutional Court justices appointed by the president, with approval of the Legislative Yuan; Supreme Court justices serve for life; Constitutional Court justices appointed for 8-year terms, with half the membership renewed every 4 years" + "text": "Supreme Court justices appointed for life by the president; Constitutional Court justices appointed by the president, with approval of the Legislative Yuan, for 8-year terms, with half the membership renewed every 4 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "high courts; district courts; hierarchy of administrative courts" @@ -1018,7 +1030,7 @@ "note": "note: Taiwan trains about 120,000 reservists annually, but in 2022 announced intentions to increase that figure to 260,000" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Taiwan military's inventory is a mix of domestically-produced items and equipment acquired from the US, either as secondhand or direct acquisitions; Taiwan's domestic defense industry produces weapons systems such as aircraft, armored vehicles, missiles, and naval platforms (2024)" + "text": "the Taiwan military's inventory is a mix of domestically produced items and equipment acquired from the US, either as secondhand or direct acquisitions; Taiwan's domestic defense industry produces weapons systems such as aircraft, armored vehicles, missiles, and naval platforms (2024)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "men 18-36 years of age may volunteer or must complete 12 months of compulsory military service; civil service can be substituted for military service in some cases; women may enlist but are restricted to noncombat roles in most cases (2024)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index bfedbe3a..77677fc8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 15.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "45% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 15.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "45% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 November 2013, effective 1 January 2014" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president, by the National Assembly’s Standing Committee, or by at least two thirds of the National Assembly membership; a decision to draft an amendment requires approval by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership, followed by the formation of a constitutional drafting committee to write a draft and collect citizens’ opinions; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; the Assembly can opt to conduct a referendum" } }, @@ -615,8 +615,9 @@ "text": "chief justice elected by the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the president for a 5-year, renewable term; deputy chief justice appointed by the president from among the judges for a 5-year term; judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly for 5-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "High Courts (administrative, civil, criminal, economic, labor, family, juvenile); provincial courts; district courts; Military Court; note - the National Assembly Standing Committee can establish special tribunals upon the recommendation of the chief justice" - } + "text": "High Courts (administrative, civil, criminal, economic, labor, family, juvenile); provincial courts; district courts; Military Court" + }, + "note": "note: the National Assembly Standing Committee can establish special tribunals on the recommendation of the chief justice" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV", diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 7973d446..9c5a5beb 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 16.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "1,820 sq km (2020)" + "text": "1,907 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -403,22 +403,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 16.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ "text": "People's Socialist Republic of Albania" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the English-language country name seems to be derived from the ancient Illyrian tribe of the Albani; the native name \"Shqiperia\" is derived from the Albanian word \"Shqiponje\" (\"Eagle\") and is popularly interpreted to mean \"Land of the Eagles\"" + "text": "name may be derived from the pre-Celtic word alb, meaning \"hill,\" or from the Indo-European root word albh, meaning \"white;\" the local name \"Shqiperia\" is derived from the Albanian word shqiponje (\"eagle\") and is popularly interpreted to mean \"Land of the Eagles\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by the Assembly 21 October 1998, adopted by referendum 22 November 1998, promulgated 28 November 1998" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of the Assembly membership; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required only if approved by two-thirds of the Assembly; amendments approved by referendum effective upon declaration by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of the Assembly membership; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required only if approved by two-thirds of the Assembly; amendments approved by referendum effective upon declaration by the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index cf0f7c62..97e6daf2 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "40% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 38.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "26% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -357,22 +357,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "40% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 38.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "26% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ "text": "Andorra" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the origin of the country's name is obscure; the name may derive from the Arabic \"ad-darra\" meaning \"the forest,\" a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century; an alternate explanation is that the name originates from a Navarrese word \"andurrial\" meaning \"shrub-covered land\"" + "text": "the origin of the country's name is obscure; may originate from the Navarrese word andurrial, meaning \"shrub-covered land;\" alternately, may derive from the Arabic ad-darra meaning \"the forest,\" a reference to its location; many other theories exist" } }, "Government type": { @@ -460,8 +460,8 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the co-princes jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the co-princes" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the coprinces and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms" + "text": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the co-princes, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the co-princes and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index e7084318..b60e4401 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 14.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -388,22 +388,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 14.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ "text": "Oesterreich" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of both Bavaria and all German peoples; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name" + "text": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria and German peoples; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name" } }, "Government type": { @@ -530,8 +530,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934, replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation, reinstated 1 May 1945" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed through laws designated \"constitutional laws\" or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least a two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly and the presence of one-half of the members; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed through laws designated \"constitutional laws\" or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least a two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly and the presence of one-half of the members; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index bcad6e40..445ded01 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 27.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 28.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 16.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "22.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "33.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -388,22 +388,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 27.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 28.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 16.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "22.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "33.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -523,8 +523,8 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted 25 November 1830, approved 7 February 1831, entered into force 26 July 1831, revised 14 July 1993 (creating a federal state)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "\"revisions\" proposed as declarations by the federal government in accord with the king or by Parliament followed by dissolution of Parliament and new elections; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in both houses of the next elected Parliament; amended many times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "\"revisions\" proposed as declarations by the federal government in accord with the king or by Parliament followed by dissolution of Parliament and new elections; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in both houses of the next elected Parliament" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 07430524..08c1ee16 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "42.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -378,22 +378,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "42.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 19.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "42.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ "history": { "text": "14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords); note - each of the political entities has its own constitution" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "decided by the Parliamentary Assembly, including a two-thirds majority vote of members present in the House of Representatives; the constitutional article on human rights and fundamental freedoms cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2009" + "amendment process": { + "text": "decided by the Parliamentary Assembly, including a two-thirds majority vote of members present in the House of Representatives; the constitutional article on human rights and fundamental freedoms cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index a9762de8..b9231532 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 27.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 27.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "42.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "303 sq km (2020)" + "text": "260 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dnyapro (Dnieper) (shared with Russia [s] and Ukraine [m]) - 2,287 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 27.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 27.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "42.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -524,9 +524,10 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1991 and early 1994, signed 15 March 1994" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through petition to the National Assembly or by petition of least 150,000 eligible voters; approval required by at least two-thirds majority vote in both chambers or by simple majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended 1996, 2004; note -one of several amendments passed in the February 2022 referendum - the presidential 5-year, two-term limit - will be imposed after the 2025 election" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through petition to the National Assembly or by petition of least 150,000 eligible voters; approval required by at least two-thirds majority vote in both chambers or by simple majority of votes cast in a referendum" + }, + "note": "note: one of several amendments passed in the February 2022 referendum -- the presidential 5-year, two-term limit -- will be imposed after the 2025 election" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" @@ -1237,7 +1238,7 @@ "note": "note: conscripts can be assigned to the military, to the Ministry of Interior, or to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (alternative service)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military of Belarus is responsible for territorial defense; it is a mixed force of conscripts and professionals that is equipped with Russian or Soviet-era weapons; Russia is the country’s closest security partner, a relationship that includes an integrated air and missile defense system and joint military training centers and exercises; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory for their invasion of Ukraine and continues to supply arms and other aid to the Russian military, including logistical support, medical care, and airfields for Russian combat aircraft; in 2023, Belarus agreed to permit Russia to deploy nuclear weapons on its soil

Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and has committed an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force; the military trains regularly with other CSTO members (2023)" + "text": "the military of Belarus is responsible for territorial defense; it is a mixed force of conscripts and professionals that is equipped with Russian or Soviet-era weapons; Russia is the country’s closest security partner; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory for their invasion of Ukraine; in 2023, Belarus agreed to permit Russia to deploy nuclear weapons on its soil

Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and has committed an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force; the military trains regularly with other CSTO members (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 5f4186ba..9df45c26 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 29.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 31.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "16.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "987 sq km (2013)" + "text": "929 sq km (2016)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "46.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 29.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 31.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "16.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -524,8 +524,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 13 July 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; passage requires three-fourths majority vote of National Assembly members in three ballots; signed by the National Assembly chairperson; note - under special circumstances, a \"Grand National Assembly\" is elected with the authority to write a new constitution and amend certain articles of the constitution, including those affecting basic civil rights and national sovereignty; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in each of several readings; amended several times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; passage requires three-fourths majority vote of National Assembly members in three ballots; signed by the National Assembly chairperson; note - under special circumstances, a \"Grand National Assembly\" is elected with the authority to write a new constitution and amend certain articles of the constitution, including those affecting basic civil rights and national sovereignty; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in each of several readings" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized into 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 justices); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the judiciary" + "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges; Supreme Administrative Court is organized into 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each; Constitutional Court consists of 12 justices) and resides outside the judiciary" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation and Supreme Administrative judges elected by the Supreme Judicial Council or SJC (consists of 25 members with extensive legal experience) and appointed by the president; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court justices elected by the National Assembly and appointed by the president and the SJC; justices appointed for 9-year terms with renewal of 4 justices every 3 years" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 342955f4..a0d675b2 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "13.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "67.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "268 sq km (2020)" + "text": "269 sq km (2020)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca" @@ -393,22 +393,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "13.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "67.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -524,11 +524,12 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "ratified 16 August 1960; note - in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"); in 1985, the \"TRNC\" approved its own constitution" + "text": "ratified 16 August 1960" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended many times, last in 2020;
constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” - proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus -- proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964

constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” -- proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum" + }, + "note": "note: in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"); in 1985, the \"TRNC\" approved its own constitution" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" @@ -603,14 +604,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president); note - the highest court in the \"TRNC\" is the \"Supreme Court\" (consists of 8 \"judges,\" including the \"court president\")" + "text": "Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges can serve until age 68; \"TRNC Supreme Court\" judges appointed by the \"Supreme Council of Judicature,\" a 12-member body of judges, the attorney general, appointees by the president of the \"TRNC,\" and by the \"Legislative Assembly,\" and members elected by the bar association; judge tenure NA" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; Administrative Court; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, the military, and rent control; \"TRNC Assize Courts\"; \"district and family courts\"" - } + "text": "Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; Administrative Court; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, the military, and rent control; \"TRNC Assize Courts\"; \"TNRC district and family courts\"" + }, + "note": "note: the highest court in the TRNC is the Supreme Court (consists of 8 judges, including the court president)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "area under government control:
Democratic Front or DIPA 
Democratic Party or DIKO
Democratic Rally or DISY
Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance 
Movement of Social Democrats EDEK
National Popular Front or ELAM 
Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) 
Solidarity Movement

area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
Communal Democracy Party or TDP
Communal Liberation Party - New Forces or TKP-YG
Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP
Democratic Party or DP
National Democratic Party or NDP
National Unity Party or UBP 
New Cyprus Party or YKP
People's Party or HP 
Rebirth Party or YDP
Republican Turkish Party or CTP
United Cyprus Party or BKP" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index d14ddec1..71822d2b 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -76,26 +76,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "63.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "65.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 58.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 59% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,360 sq km (2020)" + "text": "2,420 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with excellent access to the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Baltic Sea, population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland" @@ -395,22 +395,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "63.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "65.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 58.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 59% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -526,8 +526,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Folketing (Parliament) with consent of the government; passage requires approval by the next Folketing following a general election, approval by simple majority vote of at least 40% of voters in a referendum, and assent of the chief of state; changed several times, last in 2009 (Danish Act of Succession)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Folketing (Parliament) with consent of the government; passage requires approval by the next Folketing following a general election, approval by simple majority vote of at least 40% of voters in a referendum, and assent of the chief of state" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index 8abc8164..4c33f1bb 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ "history": { "text": "none; the EU legal order relies primarily on the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "European Union treaties can be amended in several ways: 1) Ordinary Revision Procedure (for key amendments to the treaties); initiated by an EU member state, by the European Parliament, or by the European Commission; following adoption of the proposal by the European Council, a convention is formed of national government representatives to review the proposal and a conference of government representatives then reviews the proposal; passage requires ratification by all EU member states; 2) Simplified Revision Procedure (for amendment of EU internal policies and actions); passage of a proposal requires unanimous European Council vote after European Council consultation with the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Central Bank (if the amendment concerns monetary matters) and requires ratification by all EU member states; 3) Passerelle Clause (allows the alteration of a legislative procedure without a formal amendment of the treaties); 4) Flexibility Clause (permits the EU to decide in subject areas where EU competences have not been explicitly granted in the Treaties but are necessary to the attainment of the objectives set out in the Treaty)" } }, @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state); the ECJ includes 11 advocates general while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges" + "text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ, includes 11 advocates general) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state; can include additional judges); both the ECJ and the General Court sit in chambers of 3 to 5 judges but may sit in a Grand Chamber of 15 judges in special cases" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges appointed by the common consent of the member states to serve 6-year renewable terms" diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 36a39b1b..c85d2cd9 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "66.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 50.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 56.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -374,22 +374,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "66.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 50.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 56.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -505,8 +505,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as bills by Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidential signature; amended many times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as bills by Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidential signature" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members - the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal - and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law)" + "text": "Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members -- the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal -- and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges nominated by the prime minister and Cabinet and appointed by the president; chief justice serves in the position for 7 years; judges can serve until age 70" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index f16a89fc..d6e5bb57 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -383,22 +383,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992, entered into force 3 July 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of Parliament members or by the president of the republic; passage requires three readings of the proposed amendment and a simple majority vote in two successive memberships of Parliament; passage of amendments to the \"General Provisions\" and \"Amendment of the Constitution\" chapters requires at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament to conduct a referendum and majority vote in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of Parliament members or by the president of the republic; passage requires three readings of the proposed amendment and a simple majority vote in two successive memberships of Parliament; passage of amendments to the \"General Provisions\" and \"Amendment of the Constitution\" chapters requires at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament to conduct a referendum and majority vote in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index b6fd91e4..37a523c0 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 41% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 32.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 12.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "10.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "220 sq km (2020)" + "text": "220 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -385,22 +385,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 41% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 32.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 12.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "10.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2021" + "amendment process": { + "text": "passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 3b96795e..549e34c8 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "72.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "80 sq km (2015)" + "text": "80 sq km (2016)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -400,22 +400,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "72.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -536,8 +536,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared \"urgent\" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared \"urgent\" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -611,14 +611,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities" + "text": "Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president; organized into 3 chambers)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 68" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights" - } + }, + "note": "note: Finland has a dual judicial system; courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction, and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)
Center Party or Kesk 
Christian Democrats or KD 
Finns Party or PS 
Green League or Vihr 
Left Alliance or Vas 
Movement Now or Liike Nyt 
National Coalition Party or Kok 
Social Democratic Party or SDP 
Swedish People's Party or RKP or SFP " diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 2483d3c5..44c810ea 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 70.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "97.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Population distribution": { @@ -311,22 +311,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "70.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 70.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "97.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ "history": { "text": "5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands' constitutional position in the Unity of the Realm" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "see entry for Denmark" } }, @@ -476,10 +476,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Faroese Court or Raett (Rett - Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system" + "text": "Faroese Court or Raett (Rett in Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif; Mixed Commercial Court; Land Court" + "text": "Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Première Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif; Mixed Commercial Court; Land Court" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 43fc781c..48d1bed5 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -85,22 +85,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "52.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 33.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "29.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -413,22 +413,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "52.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 33.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 34.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "29.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -563,8 +563,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest effective 4 October 1958" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (upon recommendation of the prime minister and Parliament) or by Parliament; proposals submitted by Parliament members require passage by both houses followed by approval in a referendum; passage of proposals submitted by the government can bypass a referendum if submitted by the president to Parliament and passed by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament’s National Assembly; amended many times, last in 2008" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (upon recommendation of the prime minister and Parliament) or by Parliament; proposals submitted by Parliament members require passage by both houses followed by approval in a referendum; passage of proposals submitted by the government can bypass a referendum if submitted by the president to Parliament and passed by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament’s National Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -667,15 +667,14 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)" + "text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions -- 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by the president of the republic from nominations from the High Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the Court of Cassation and 15 appointed members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 3 appointed by the president of the republic and 3 each by the National Assembly and Senate presidents; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years" + "text": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by the president of the republic from nominations from the High Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the Court of Cassation and 15 appointed members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council has 3 members appointed by the president of the republic and 3 each by the National Assembly and Senate presidents; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "appellate courts or Cour d'Appel; regional courts or Tribunal de Grande Instance; first instance courts or Tribunal d'instance; administrative courts" - }, - "note": "note: in April 2021, the French Government submitted a bill on judicial reform to Parliament" + "text": "appellate courts or cours d'appel; regional courts or tribunaux judiciaires; first instance courts or tribunaux de proximité; administrative courts" + } }, "Political parties": { "text": "Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC 
Debout la France or DLF 
Democratic Movement or MoDem 
Ensemble or ENS (electoral coalition including RE, MoDem, Horizons, PRV, UDI)
The Ecologists - the Greens or EELV
French Communist Party or PCF 
Horizons 
La France Insoumise or FI 
Liberties, Independents, Overseas and Territories or LIOT 
Movement of Progressives or MDP 
National Rally or RN (formerly National Front or FN)
New Democrats or LND (formerly Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS)
New Popular Front or NFP (electoral coalition including FI, EELV, PS, PCF)
Radical Party of the Left or PRV 
Reconquete or REC 
Renaissance or RE 
Résistons! 
Socialist Party or PS 
The Republicans or LR 
Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI
Union of Far Right or UXD (electoral coalition of LR, RN)" diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 02877b88..a590280e 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -63,10 +63,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2011 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -289,10 +292,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2011 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -365,7 +371,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1969; latest passed by referendum 30 November 2006, entered into effect 14 December 2006, entered into force 2 January 2007" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by Parliament and requires prior consent of the British monarch (through the Secretary of State); passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in Parliament followed by simple majority vote in a referendum; note – only sections 1 through 15 in Chapter 1 (Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) can be amended by Parliament" } }, @@ -423,14 +429,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of at least 3 judges, including the court president); Supreme Court of Gibraltar (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of at least 3 judges, including the court president); Supreme Court of Gibraltar (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges) " }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Appeal and Supreme Court judges appointed by the governor upon the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 7-member body of judges and appointees of the governor; tenure of the Court of Appeal president based on terms of appointment; Supreme Court chief justice and judges normally appointed until retirement at age 67 but tenure can be extended 3 years" + "text": "Court of Appeal and Supreme Court judges appointed by the governor upon the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 7-member body of judges and appointees of the governor; tenure of the Court of Appeal president based on terms of appointment; Supreme Court chief justice and judges normally appointed until retirement at age 67, but tenure can be extended 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of First Instance; Magistrates' Court; specialized tribunals for issues relating to social security, taxes, and employment" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Gibraltar Liberal Party or Liberal Party of Gibraltar or LPG 
Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD 
Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP 
GSLP-Liberal Alliance 
Together Gibraltar or TG " diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 8fe240a0..3f011062 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -62,6 +62,26 @@ "Natural resources": { "text": "cropland" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "43.3% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.3% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "5.2% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "51.6% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -266,6 +286,26 @@ "Climate": { "text": "temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "43.3% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.3% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "5.2% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "51.6% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "31.2% of total population (2023)" @@ -343,8 +383,8 @@ "history": { "text": "unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote; many laws have been passed; in 2019, 60 laws were passed" + "amendment process": { + "text": "new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -406,14 +446,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats); note - appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Royal Court Bailiff, Deputy Bailiff, and Court of Appeal justices appointed by the British Crown and hold office at Her Majesty's pleasure; jurats elected by the States of Election, a body chaired by the Bailiff and a number of jurats" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Alderney; Court of the Seneschal of Sark; Magistrates' Court (includes Juvenile Court); Contracts Court; Ecclesiastical Court; Court of Chief Pleas" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Alliance Party Guernsey or APG 
Guernsey Partnership of Independents or GPI 
Guernsey Party or GP " diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 6ed76758..e3f45363 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "48% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 33.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "5,056 sq km (2020)" + "text": "5,065 sq km (2020)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -398,22 +398,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "48% (2018 est.)" + "text": "47.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 33.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -546,8 +546,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10-23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage and enactment into law require two-thirds majority vote by both the Bundesrat (upper house) and the Bundestag (lower house) of Parliament; articles including those on basic human rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2020; note - in early 2021, the German federal government introduced a bill to incorporate children’s rights into the constitution" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage and enactment into law require two-thirds majority vote by both the Bundesrat (upper house) and the Bundestag (lower house) of Parliament; articles including those on basic human rights and freedoms cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -636,13 +636,13 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Federal Court of Justice (court consists of 127 judges, including the court president, vice presidents, presiding judges, other judges and organized into 25 Senates subdivided into 12 civil panels, 5 criminal panels, and 8 special panels); Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (consists of 2 Senates each subdivided into 3 chambers, each with a chairman and 8 members)" + "text": "Federal Court of Justice (court consists of 127 judges, including the court president, vice presidents, presiding judges, other judges; organized into 25 Senates subdivided into 12 civil panels, 5 criminal panels, and 8 special panels); Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (consists of 2 Senates each subdivided into 3 chambers, each with a chairman and 8 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Federal Court of Justice judges selected by the Judges Election Committee, which consists of the Secretaries of Justice from each of the 16 federated states and 16 members appointed by the Federal Parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Federal Constitutional Court judges - one-half elected by the House of Representatives and one-half by the Senate; judges appointed for 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 68" + "text": "Federal Court of Justice judges selected by the Judges Election Committee, which consists of the Secretaries of Justice from each of the 16 federated states and 16 members appointed by the Federal Parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; half of Federal Constitutional Court judges are elected by the House of Representatives and half by the Senate; judges appointed for 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 68" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Federal Administrative Court; Federal Finance Court; Federal Labor Court; Federal Social Court; each of the 16 federated states or Land has its own constitutional court and a hierarchy of ordinary (civil, criminal, family) and specialized (administrative, finance, labor, social) courts; two English-speaking commercial courts opened in late 2020 in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg - English-speaking Stuttgart Commercial Court and English-speaking Mannheim Commercial Court" + "text": "Federal Administrative Court; Federal Finance Court; Federal Labor Court; Federal Social Court; each of the 16 federated states or Land has its own constitutional court and a hierarchy of ordinary (civil, criminal, family) and specialized (administrative, finance, labor, social) courts; two English-speaking commercial courts opened in 2020 in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg -- the Stuttgart Commercial Court and the Mannheim Commercial Court" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index acc28d5a..52ef5f18 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -70,26 +70,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "63.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "30.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "11,853 sq km (2019)" + "text": "12,191 sq km (2021)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters" @@ -384,22 +384,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "63.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 14.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "30.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a \"special parliamentary resolution\"; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended; amended 1986, 2001, 2008, 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a \"special parliamentary resolution\"; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -594,10 +594,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) (consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges" + "text": "Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by presidential decree on the advice of the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), which includes the president of the Supreme Court, other judges, and the prosecutor of the Supreme Court; judges appointed for life following a 2-year probationary period; Council of State president appointed by the Greek Cabinet to serve a 4-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA; Court of Audit president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the advice of the SJC; court president serves a 4-year term or until age 67; tenure of vice presidents, councilors, and judges NA" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by presidential decree on the advice of the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), which includes the president of the Supreme Court, other judges, and the prosecutor of the Supreme Court; judges appointed for life after a 2-year probationary period; Council of State president appointed by the Greek Cabinet to serve a 4-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA; Court of Audit president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the advice of the SJC; court president serves a 4-year term or until age 67; tenure of vice presidents, councilors, and judges NA" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal and Courts of First Instance (district courts)" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index e2ad8fae..276816db 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "41.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "171 sq km (2020)" + "text": "170 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -389,22 +389,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "41.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -529,8 +529,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -611,8 +611,9 @@ "text": "president of Supreme Court nominated by the president of Croatia and elected by the Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by the National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside of the judicial system" - } + "text": "Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts" + }, + "note": "note: an 11-member Constitutional Court has jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, but it is outside the judicial system" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Bosniaks Together
The Bridge or MOST (formerly the Bridge of Independent Lists)
Croatia Romani Union Kali Sara (SRRH)
Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Croatia (DZMH)
Focus or Fokus
Homeland Movement or DP (also known as Miroslav Škoro Homeland Movement or DPMS)
Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS 
Independent Platform of the North (NPS)
Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS
Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP
We Can! or Mozemo! " diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 0a97cd75..c3cfc76d 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 48.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 45.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "22.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "1,010 sq km (2019)" + "text": "1,331 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 48.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 45.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "22.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -532,8 +532,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president; amended several times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ "text": "Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62" + "text": "Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts" diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 9c355530..828da551 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "81% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "0.5 sq km (2020)" + "text": "0.5 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Iceland is almost entirely urban with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west" @@ -378,22 +378,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 17.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "81% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum; amended many times, last in 2013" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 7 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president; judges appointed for an indefinite period" + "text": "judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president for an indefinite period" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appellate Court or Landsrettur; 8 district courts; Labor Court" diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index b3db7da6..a0a5f907 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 43.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 42.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -304,22 +304,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 43.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 42.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ "history": { "text": "development of the Isle of Man constitution dates to at least the 14th century" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a bill in the House of Keys, by the \"Government,\" by a \"Member of the House,\" or through petition to the House or Legislative Council; passage normally requires three separate readings and approval of at least 13 House members; following both House and Council agreement, assent is required by the lieutenant governor on behalf of the Crown; the constitution has been expanded and amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a bill in the House of Keys, by the \"Government,\" by a \"Member of the House,\" or through petition to the House or Legislative Council; passage normally requires three separate readings and approval of at least 13 House members; following both House and Council agreement, assent is required by the lieutenant governor on behalf of the Crown" } }, "Citizenship": { @@ -489,14 +489,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Isle of Man High Court of Justice (consists of 3 permanent judges or \"deemsters\" and 1 judge of appeal; organized into the Staff of Government Division or Court of Appeal and the Civil Division); the Court of General Gaol Delivery is not formally part of the High Court but is administered as though part of the High Court and deals with serious criminal cases; note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Isle of Man High Court of Justice (consists of 3 permanent judges or \"deemsters\" and 1 judge of appeal; organized into the Staff of Government Division or Court of Appeal and the Civil Division); the Court of General Gaol Delivery (not formally part of the High Court but is administered as such) deals with serious criminal cases" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "deemsters appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor; deemsters can serve until age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; Court of Summary Gaol Delivery; Summary Courts; Magistrate's Court; specialized courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Green Party 
Liberal Vannin Party or LVP 
Manx Labor Party
Mec Vannin (sometimes referred to as the Manx Nationalist Party)", diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 4512d87f..623163e9 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -70,26 +70,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "47.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "26,010 sq km (2013)" + "text": "24,460 sq km (2021)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)" @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "47.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 8.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 8.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -521,8 +521,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1848 (originally for the Kingdom of Sardinia and adopted by the Kingdom of Italy in 1861); latest enacted 22 December 1947, adopted 27 December 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by both houses of Parliament; passage requires two successive debates and approval by absolute majority of each house on the second vote; a referendum is only required when requested by one fifth of the members of either house, by voter petition, or by 5 Regional Councils (elected legislative assemblies of the 15 first-level administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions of Italy); referendum not required if an amendment has been approved by a two-thirds majority in each house in the second vote; amended many times, last in 2020; note - in June 2024, the Senate approved in its first vote an amendment calling for the direct election of the prime minister; subsequent votes by both the Senate and House of Deputies is required for passage; lacking approval by Parliament, approval is required by constitutional referendum" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by both houses of Parliament; passage requires two successive debates and approval by absolute majority of each house on the second vote; a referendum is only required when requested by one fifth of the members of either house, by voter petition, or by 5 Regional Councils (elected legislative assemblies of the 15 first-level administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions of Italy); referendum not required if an amendment has been approved by a two-thirds majority in each house in the second vote" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (consists of the first president (chief justice), deputy president, 54 justices presiding over 6 civil and 7 criminal divisions, and 288 judges; an additional 30 judges of lower courts serve as supporting judges; cases normally heard by 5-judge panels; more complex cases heard by 9-judge panels); Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (consists of the court president and 14 judges)" + "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (consists of the first president, deputy president, 54 justices presiding over 6 civil and 7 criminal divisions, and 288 judges; an additional 30 judges of lower courts serve as supporting judges; cases normally heard by 5-judge panels; more complex cases heard by 9-judge panels); Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (consists of the court president and 14 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of the Judiciary, headed by the president of the republic; judges may serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 5 appointed by the president, 5 elected by Parliament, 5 elected by select higher courts; judges serve up to 9 years" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 9679d8d6..bde74ecb 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "66% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 66% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -295,22 +295,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "66% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 66% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 18.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ "history": { "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by a government minister to the Assembly of the States of Jersey, by an Assembly member, or by an elected parish head; passage requires several Assembly readings, a majority vote by the Assembly, review by the UK Ministry of Justice, and approval of the British monarch (Royal Assent)" } }, diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index a2401de7..4753ce43 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ "agricultural land": { "text": "52.8% (2018 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 27.4% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { @@ -296,13 +296,13 @@ "agricultural land": { "text": "52.8% (2018 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 27.4% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { @@ -387,10 +387,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in August 2015, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chamber or \"Specialist Court,\" to try war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other crimes under Kosovo law committed during and immediately after the Kosovo War (1998-2000)" + "text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (post-independence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment; amended several times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeals (organized into 4 departments: General, Serious Crime, Commercial Matters, and Administrative Matters); Basic Court (located in 7 municipalities, each with several branches)" }, - "note": "note: in August 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution, also referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chambers or \"Special Court\"; the court, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, began operating in late 2016 and has jurisdiction to try crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other crimes under Kosovo law that occurred in the 1998-2000 period" + "note": "note: in 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution, also referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chambers or \"Special Court\"; the court, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, began operating in 2016 and has jurisdiction to try crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other crimes under Kosovo law that occurred in the 1998-2000 period" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK
Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI
Civic Initiative for Freedom, Justice, and Survival
Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK
Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK
New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK
New Democratic Party or NDS 
Progressive Movement of Kosovar Roma or LPRK
Romani Initiative
Self-Determination Movement (Lëvizja Vetevendosje or Vetevendosie) or LVV or VV
Serb List or SL
Social Democratic Union or SDU
Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP
Unique Gorani Party or JGP
Vakat Coalition or VAKAT" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 43c46210..04f25373 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "29.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "54.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "16.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "29.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 21.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "54.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "16.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -511,10 +511,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous (pre-1991 independence); note - following the restoration of independence in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reintroduced 4 May 1990 and fully reintroduced 6 July 1993" + "text": "several previous (pre-1991 independence); after independence was restored in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reintroduced on 4 May 1990 and fully reintroduced on 6 July 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by two thirds of Parliament members or by petition of one tenth of qualified voters submitted through the president; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of three readings; amendment of constitutional articles, including national sovereignty, language, the parliamentary electoral system, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires passage in a referendum by majority vote of at least one half of the electorate; amended several times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by two thirds of Parliament members or by petition of one tenth of qualified voters submitted through the president; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of three readings; amendment of constitutional articles, including national sovereignty, language, the parliamentary electoral system, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires passage in a referendum by majority vote of at least one half of the electorate" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index b95f9f50..4a0a55e0 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -66,26 +66,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 34.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 36.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "16 sq km (2013)" + "text": "61 sq km (2020)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -389,22 +389,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 34.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 36.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "20.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -520,8 +520,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2022" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one-third of membership reconstituted every 3 years" + "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one third of membership reconstituted every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeals; district and local courts" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 39149d16..00cb28de 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "40.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 28.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 27.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "211 sq km (2015)" + "text": "259 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dunaj (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -381,22 +381,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "40.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 28.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 27.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -516,10 +516,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992" + "text": "several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -599,10 +599,10 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms" + "text": "Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life, subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit;" + "text": "regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index dff0eaca..fcdf144b 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -61,22 +61,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "37.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 21.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -335,22 +335,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "37.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 21.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of \"Government\" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast; amended many times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of \"Government\" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index e6ffb661..7dd72ff0 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "50.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 24% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 26.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 26.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -373,22 +373,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "50.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "51.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 24% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 26.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 26.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -507,8 +507,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index e67b6f82..56997f8b 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 55.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 52.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,155 sq km (2020)" + "text": "2,150 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "

Dunărea (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Nistru (Dniester) (shared with Ukraine [s/m]) - 1,411 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

" @@ -381,22 +381,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "74.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 55.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 52.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by voter petition (at least 200,000 eligible voters), by at least one third of Parliament members, or by the government; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament within one year of initial proposal; revisions to constitutional articles on sovereignty, independence, and neutrality require majority vote by referendum; articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by voter petition (at least 200,000 eligible voters), by at least one third of Parliament members, or by the government; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament within one year of initial proposal; revisions to constitutional articles on sovereignty, independence, and neutrality require majority vote by referendum; articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -589,14 +589,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government" + "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Justice judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistracy, an 11-member body of judicial officials; all judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed 2 each by Parliament, the president, and the Higher Council of Magistracy for 6-year terms; court president elected by other court judges for a 3-year term" + "text": "Supreme Court of Justice judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistracy, an 11-member body of judicial officials; all judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed 2 each by Parliament, the president, and the Higher Council of Magistracy for 6-year terms; court president elected by other court judges for a 3-year term" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; Court of Business Audit; municipal courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Constitutional Court is autonomous; it interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government" }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Bloc of Communists and Socialists or BCS
Party of Action and Solidarity or PAS

" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 2e055266..40604394 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -401,22 +401,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 12.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "40.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -532,8 +532,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles, such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures, require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum; amended 2013" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles, such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures, require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 7c5a14d9..6aec900a 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 26.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 31.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "39.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -379,22 +379,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 26.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 31.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "39.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "15.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous (since 1944); latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by at least 30 members of the Assembly, or by petition of at least 150,000 citizens; final approval requires a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2019; this amendment was the result of the 2018 Prespa Agreement with Greece, in which the constitutional name of the country would be modified to Republic of North Macedonia in exchange for assurances that Greece would no longer object to its integration in international organizations; note - a referendum on  amendments to the constitution is expected in 2024" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by at least 30 members of the Assembly, or by petition of at least 150,000 citizens; final approval requires a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 1ec9edd0..47ec877e 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "99% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -326,22 +326,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "99% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -440,8 +440,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members; amended 2002" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index ebab4da6..97c7fb43 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 28.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "66.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "35 sq km (2020)" + "text": "39 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population lives on the eastern half of Malta, the largest of the three inhabited islands" @@ -378,22 +378,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 28.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "66.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of Acts requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House and assent of the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of Acts requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House and assent of the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 judges); Court of Criminal Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president, usually upon the advice of the prime minister; judges of both courts serve until age 65" + "text": "Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president, usually on the advice of the prime minister; judges of both courts serve until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Civil Court (divided into the General Jurisdiction Section, Family Section, and Voluntary Section); Criminal Court; Court of Magistrates; Gozo Courts (for the islands of Gozo and Comino)" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index b39579e8..ddf29798 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "55.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 29.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 29.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -391,22 +391,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "55.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 29.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 29.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 22.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "34.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous to adoption of the \"Basic Law of the Kingdom of the Netherlands\" on 24 August 1815; revised 8 times, the latest in 1983" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as an Act of Parliament by or on behalf of the king or by the Second Chamber of the States General; the Second Chamber is dissolved after its first reading of the Act; passage requires a second reading by both the First Chamber and the newly elected Second Chamber, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, and ratification by the king; amended many times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as an Act of Parliament by or on behalf of the king or by the Second Chamber of the States General; the Second Chamber is dissolved after its first reading of the Act; passage requires a second reading by both the First Chamber and the newly elected Second Chamber, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, and ratification by the king" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers" + "text": "Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices, and 3 justices in exceptional service); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "justices appointed by the monarch from a list provided by the House of Representatives of the States General; justices appointed for life or until mandatory retirement at age 70" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index fbefeb92..5582f164 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "27.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "69.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "27.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "69.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "63.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament; amended over 400 times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -602,11 +602,12 @@ "text": "Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70" + "text": "justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts; note - in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts" - } + "text": "Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts" + }, + "note": "note: in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Center Party or Sp 
Christian Democratic Party or KrF 
Conservative Party or H 
Green Party or MDG 
Labor Party or Ap 
Liberal Party or V
Patient Focus or PF 
Progress Party or FrP 
Red Party or R 
Socialist Left Party or SV 

" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 82dacb12..42a1aa96 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "48.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 36.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 36.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "30.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "760 sq km (2013)" + "text": "1,327 sq km (2016)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "48.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 36.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 36.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "30.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -537,8 +537,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum; amended 2006, 2009" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 16d24802..b0b17685 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -76,22 +76,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "39.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 23.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "22.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -385,22 +385,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "39.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 9.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 23.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "37.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "22.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index c825d628..c5093eee 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "57.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 30.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "10.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "520 sq km (2020)" + "text": "550 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "57.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 30.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "10.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 30 September 2006, approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006, effective 8 November 2006" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by at least one third of deputies in the National Assembly, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition of at least 150,000 voters; passage of proposals and draft amendments each requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Assembly; amendments to constitutional articles including the preamble, constitutional principles, and human and minority rights and freedoms also require passage by simple majority vote in a referendum" } }, diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 9e843bd4..e4d8dbd6 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 35.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "28.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "4,730 sq km (2020)" + "text": "5,280 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dunărea (Danube) river mouth (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "55.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 35.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 17.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "28.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -537,8 +537,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles, including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003" + "amendment process": { + "text": "initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles, including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 9e624c54..6b6dc1ec 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -66,26 +66,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "62.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "39 sq km (2020)" + "text": "50 sq km (2022)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)" @@ -379,22 +379,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "22.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "62.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "61.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -514,10 +514,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991" + "text": "previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms" + "text": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 4838ff5a..d9378542 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -61,22 +61,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "16.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 33.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "83.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -331,22 +331,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "16.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 33.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "83.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -434,8 +434,8 @@ "history": { "text": "San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -510,14 +510,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court" + "text": "Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges" - } + }, + "note": "note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Domani - Modus Liberi or DML 
Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera 
Future Republic or RF 
Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD 
Reformist Alliance or AR 
RETE Movement 
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS 
Socialist Party or PS 
Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)" diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 2e0df554..6e1ab229 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -74,26 +74,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 23.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "37,593 sq km (2020)" + "text": "38,012 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Tagus river source (shared with Portugal [m]) - 1,006
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "53.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 23.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 10.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "36.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "9.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -533,8 +533,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the government, by the General Courts (the Congress or the Senate), or by the self-governing communities submitted through the government; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by both houses and passage by referendum if requested by one tenth of the members of either house; proposals disapproved by both houses are submitted to a joint committee, which submits an agreed upon text for another vote; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in Congress and simple majority vote in the Senate; amended 1992, 2011" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the government, by the General Courts (the Congress or the Senate), or by the self-governing communities submitted through the government; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by both houses and passage by referendum if requested by one tenth of the members of either house; proposals disapproved by both houses are submitted to a joint committee, which submits an agreed upon text for another vote; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in Congress and simple majority vote in the Senate" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room, with a president and 9 judges; the Penal Room, with a president and 14 judges; the Administrative Room, with a president and 32 judges; the Social Room, with a president and 12 judges; and the Military Room, with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates proposed by the General Council of the Judiciary Power, a 20-member governing board chaired by the monarch that includes presidential appointees, lawyers, and jurists confirmed by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Assembly, executive branch, and the General Council of the Judiciary, and appointed by the monarch for 9-year terms" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates proposed by the General Council of the Judiciary Power, a 20-member governing board chaired by the monarch; judges can serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Assembly, executive branch, and the General Council of the Judiciary, and appointed by the monarch for 9-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "National High Court; High Courts of Justice (in each of the autonomous communities); provincial courts; courts of first instance" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 3bdc37b1..a89e141a 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "none; note - Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso" + "text": "Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 2e579816..e24bdef1 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "68.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "519 sq km (2013)" + "text": "510 sq km (2016)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "7.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "68.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "68.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -530,8 +530,8 @@ "history": { "text": "Sweden has four fundamental laws which together make up the Constitution: The Instrument of Government (several previous; latest 1974); The Act of Succession (enacted 1810; changed in 1937 and 1980); The Freedom of the Press Act (many previous; latest in 1949); The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (adopted 1991)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal; there has not been a referendum on constitutional matters; The Instrument of Government - amended several times, last in 2018; The Act of Succession - changed in 1937, 1980; The Freedom of the Press Act - amended several times, last in 2019; The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression - amended several times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the Government; following a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent" + "text": "Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 4bc4d991..9177ae83 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "29.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "327 sq km (2016)" + "text": "494 sq km (2020)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "38.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "31.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "29.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -638,11 +638,12 @@ "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; note - judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to the level of party representation in the Federal Assembly" + "text": "judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to party representation in the Federal Assembly" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Federal Criminal Court (established in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (established in 2007); note - each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts" - } + "text": "Federal Criminal Court (established in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (established in 2007)" + }, + "note": " note: each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)
Evangelical Peoples' Party or EVP/PEV 
Federal Democrats or EDU 
Geneva Citizens Movement or MCR/MCG 
Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) 
Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda)
The Liberals or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals)
Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) 
Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) " diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index e625371d..ddfd50cb 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 45.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 44.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -386,22 +386,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71% (2018 est.)" + "text": "69.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 24.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 45.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 44.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "17.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -520,8 +520,8 @@ "history": { "text": "uncoded; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent); many previous, last in 2020 -  The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020, European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent)" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -610,10 +610,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president); note - the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and implemented in 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judge candidates selected by an independent committee of several judicial commissions, followed by their recommendations to the prime minister, and appointed by the monarch; justices serve for life" + "text": "judge candidates selected by an independent committee of several judicial commissions, then recommended to the prime minister, and appointed by the monarch; justices serve for life" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "England and Wales: Court of Appeal (civil and criminal divisions); High Court; Crown Court; County Courts; Magistrates' Courts; Scotland: Court of Sessions; Sheriff Courts; High Court of Justiciary; tribunals; Northern Ireland: Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland; High Court; county courts; magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 71a3a170..dabb2e83 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -73,26 +73,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 56.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 56.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "16.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "12% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "4,350 sq km (2020)" + "text": "1,000 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Dunay (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Dnipro (Dnieper) river mouth (shared with Russia [s] and Belarus) - 2,287 km; Dnister (Dniester) river source and mouth (shared with Moldova) - 1,411 km; Vistula (shared with Poland [s/m] and Belarus) - 1,213 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -394,22 +394,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "71.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 56.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 56.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 13.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 13% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "16.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "12% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -533,8 +533,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of Ukraine or by at least one third of the Supreme Council members; adoption requires simple majority vote by the Council and at least two-thirds majority vote in its next regular session; adoption of proposals relating to general constitutional principles, elections, and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote by the Council and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on personal rights and freedoms, national independence, and territorial integrity cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2019" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of Ukraine or by at least one third of the Supreme Council members; adoption requires simple majority vote by the Council and at least two-thirds majority vote in its next regular session; adoption of proposals relating to general constitutional principles, elections, and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote by the Council and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on personal rights and freedoms, national independence, and territorial integrity cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -613,12 +613,11 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials responsible for judicial self-governance and administration, and appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process as Supreme Court justices, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; this majority must include at least 3 members of the Public Council of International Experts; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the Congress of Judges, and by the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms

 

" + "text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, the Congress of Judges, and the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms

 

" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "

Courts of Appeal; district courts

" - }, - "note": "note: specialized courts were abolished as part of Ukraine's judicial reform program; in November 2019, President ZELENSKYY signed a bill on legal reforms" + } }, "Political parties": { "text": "Batkivshchyna (Fatherland)
European Solidarity or YeS
Holos (Voice or Vote)
Opposition Bloc (formerly known as Opposition Bloc — Party for Peace and Development, successor of the Industrial Party of Ukraine, and resulted from a schism in the original Opposition Bloc in 2019; banned in court June 2022; ceased to exist in July 2022)
Opposition Bloc or OB (divided into Opposition Bloc - Party for Peace and Development and Opposition Platform - For Life in 2019; ceased to exist in July 2022)
Opposition Platform - For Life (resulted from a schism in the original Opposition Bloc in 2019; activities suspended by the National Security and Defense Council in March 2022; dissolved in April 2022)
Platform for Life and Peace
Radical Party or RPOL
Samopomich (Self Reliance)
Servant of the People
Svoboda (Freedom)" diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 7deb8b89..bce0f8be 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -61,10 +61,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Natural hazards": { @@ -139,10 +142,13 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "100% (2018 est.)" + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -214,10 +220,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1929, 2000; latest issued by Pope FRANCIS 13 May 2023, effective 7 June 2023 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities); the Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus – the departments and ministries – used by the pontiff in governing the church; note - Pope Francis in October 2013, instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisers to reform the Roman Curia to include writing a new constitution; in June 2018, Pope Francis approved the Council of Cardinals' first draft of the new apostolic constitution, Predicate Evangelium (Preach the Gospel); it became effective 5 June 2022, replacing Pastor Bonus, the previous governing document of the Roman Curia" + "text": "previous 1929, 2000; latest issued by Pope FRANCIS 13 May 2023, effective 7 June 2023 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities); the Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus – the departments and ministries – used by the pontiff in governing the church" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope" + "amendment process": { + "text": "although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -280,14 +286,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts" + "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "cardinal prefect appointed by the pope; the other 2 cardinals of the court appointed by the cardinal prefect on a yearly basis" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Appellate Court of Vatican City; Tribunal of Vatican City" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Motu Proprio (papal directive) of Pope PIUS XII established judicial duties on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "none" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 9e12a9d0..c898bf06 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "4.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "91.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "90% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "898 sq km (2020)" + "text": "940 sq km (2022)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah - are home to nearly 85% of the population" @@ -376,22 +376,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "4.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "91.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "90% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -502,8 +502,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1971 (provisional); latest drafted in 1979, became permanent May 1996" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president; amended 2009" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -578,11 +578,12 @@ "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges; jurisdiction limited to federal cases)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiry of their appointment terms" + "text": "judges appointed by the federal president after approval from the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiration of their appointment terms" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and emirate level; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system; note - the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, both adjudicate civil and commercial disputes." - } + "text": "Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system" + }, + "note": "note: the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, adjudicate civil and commercial disputes" }, "Political parties": { "text": "none; political parties are banned; all candidates run as independents" diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 8dc2fbb0..ca6c8d87 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -65,26 +65,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "57.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 25.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 32.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "14,649 sq km (2020)" + "text": "14,693 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -390,22 +390,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "57.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "57.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 25.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 32.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ "text": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name translates as \"Land of Fire\" and refers to naturally occurring surface fires on ancient oil pools or from natural gas discharges" + "text": "the name can be translated as \"Fire Keeper\" or \"The Land of Fire,\" from the local word azer, or \"fire,\" and baydjan, a word derived from the Iranian word baykan, or \"guardian;\" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region" } }, "Government type": { @@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2009, 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 8f662de9..a63ef53f 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "59.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "58.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 42% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "9.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "1,554 sq km (2020)" + "text": "1,559 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "59.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "58.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 42% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "9.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ "text": "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the country is named after Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; Hayk's descendant, Aram, purportedly is the source of the name Armenia" + "text": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the local name for the country, Hayastan, comes from Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia was first recorded in a rock inscription from A.D. 521 in modern-day Iran" } }, "Government type": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "

proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable; amended 2005, 2015, last in 2020; the Constitutional Reform Council formed in 2019 was dissolved in December 2021, and replaced by a new Constitutional Reform Council, whose members were officially appointed in late January 2022; the new council is expected to address the form of government, i.e. presidential or semi-presidential or parliamentary,  and whether to merge the Court of Cassation with the Constitutional Court

" + "amendment process": { + "text": "

proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable

" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index 5949c9df..1acb0bde 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "88% (2018 est.)" + "text": "88.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -379,22 +379,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "88% (2018 est.)" + "text": "88.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1973; latest adopted 14 February 2002, entry into force 14 February 2002" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and \"inherited rule\" cannot be amended; amended 2012, 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and \"inherited rule\" cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index e9141908..bd9ebebc 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "35.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 5.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "39.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "35.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 5.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "39.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "40.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "25.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia; amended several times, last in 2020 (legislative electoral system revised)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -594,14 +594,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges); note - the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) " }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Citizens
European Socialists
For Georgia
Georgian Dream
Girchi
Law and Justice
Lelo for Georgia
National Democratic Party
People's Power
Progress and Freedom
Republican Party
State for the People
Strategy Aghmashenebeli
United National Movement or UNM
Victorious Georgia" diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index e359cb62..91ff1ea2 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -59,6 +59,26 @@ "Natural resources": { "text": "arable land, natural gas" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "64.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "1.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "33.4% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "(2013) 151 sq km; note - includes the West Bank" }, @@ -320,6 +340,26 @@ "Climate": { "text": "temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "64.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "1.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "33.4% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "77.6% of total population (2023)" diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index 23bddbd0..ea29e11c 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "63.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "30.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "63.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the \"Council for Revision of the Constitution,\" a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended; amended 1989" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the \"Council for Revision of the Constitution,\" a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 079181fb..e55c0e78 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -69,26 +69,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 17.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "69.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,159 sq km (2020)" + "text": "1,927 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -388,22 +388,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 17.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "7.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "69.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ "history": { "text": "no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review; 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2020 (Basic Law: the Knesset)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 16c3a939..e22a641d 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "80% (2018 est.)" + "text": "76.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -392,22 +392,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 9.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "80% (2018 est.)" + "text": "76.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the president of the republic and the Council of Minsters collectively, or by one fifth of the Council of Representatives members; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Council of Representatives, approval by referendum, and ratification by the president; passage of amendments to articles on citizen rights and liberties requires two-thirds majority vote of Council of Representatives members after two successive electoral terms, approval in a referendum, and ratification by the president" } }, @@ -605,14 +605,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, application of federal laws, ratification of election results for the COR, judicial competency disputes, and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government; Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)" + "text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Federal Supreme Court (FSC) judges nominated by the High Judicial Council (HJC) president, the FSC chief justice, the public prosecutor's office chief, and the head of the Judicial Oversight Commission; FSC members required to retire at age 72; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the HJC and confirmed by the Council of Representatives to serve until retirement, nominally at age 63, but can be extended to age 66 by the HJC" + "text": "Federal Supreme Court (FSC) judges nominated by the High Judicial Council (HJC) president, the FSC chief justice, the public prosecutor's office chief, and the head of the Judicial Oversight Commission; FSC members required to retire at age 72; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the HJC and confirmed by the Council of Representatives to serve until retirement, nominally at age 63, but can be extended to age 66 " }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal (governorate level); civil courts, including first instance, personal status, labor, and customs; criminal courts including felony, misdemeanor, investigative, major crimes, juvenile, and traffic courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: Federal Supreme Court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, application of federal laws, ratification of election results for the COR, judicial competency disputes, and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Al Fatah Alliance
Azm Alliance
Babiliyun Movement
Imtidad
Ishraqat Konun
Kurdistan Democratic Party
National Contract Party
New Generation Movement
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Sadrist Bloc
State Forces Alliance
State of Law Coalition
Taqadum
Tasmim Alliance" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 633ba995..ac31f18b 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -66,26 +66,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "87.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "87.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "833 sq km (2020)" + "text": "875 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -404,22 +404,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "11.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "87.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "87.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -536,10 +536,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1928 (preindependence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952" + "text": "previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king; amended several times, last in 2022" + "amendment process": { + "text": "constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ "text": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 253b61a4..106dc452 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "91.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "91.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -383,22 +383,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "91.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "91.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ "history": { "text": "approved and promulgated 11 November 1962; suspended 1976 to 1981 (4 articles); 1986 to 1991; May to July 1999" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed by the amir or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds consent of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the amir; constitutional articles on the initiation, approval, and promulgation of general legislation cannot be amended" }, "note": "Note: on 10 May 2024, Amir Sheikh MISHAL al-Ahmad al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly and suspended several articles of the constitution for up to four years" @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ "text": "Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges); Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (organized into several circuits, each with 5 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "all Kuwaiti judges appointed by the Amir upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, a consultative body comprised of Kuwaiti judges and Ministry of Justice officials" + "text": "all Kuwaiti judges appointed by the Amir on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, a consultative body comprised of Kuwaiti judges and Ministry of Justice officials" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court of Appeal; Court of First Instance; Summary Court" diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 325837a3..24bf664f 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "63.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "66.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "13.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -386,22 +386,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "63.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "66.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 13.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 39.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "13.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ "history": { "text": "drafted 15 May 1926, adopted 23 May 1926" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president; amended several times, last in 2004" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 8393f42d..b9e55b40 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "4.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "95.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "95.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "1,079 sq km (2020)" + "text": "1,162 sq km (2022)" }, "Major aquifers": { "text": "Arabian Aquifer System" @@ -386,22 +386,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "4.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "95.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "95.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ "history": { "text": "promulgated by royal decree 6 November 1996 (the Basic Law of the Sultanate of Oman serves as the constitution); amended by royal decree in 2011" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "promulgated by the sultan or proposed by the Council of Oman and drafted by a technical committee as stipulated by royal decree and then promulgated through royal decree; amended by royal decree 2011, 2021" + "amendment process": { + "text": "promulgated by the sultan or proposed by the Council of Oman and drafted by a technical committee as stipulated by royal decree and then promulgated through royal decree" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index d19ffd1f..3b307a23 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "5.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "94.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "93.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "130 sq km (2020)" + "text": "130 sq km (2022)" }, "Major aquifers": { "text": "Arabian Aquifer System" @@ -385,22 +385,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "5.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "94.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "93.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1972 (provisional); latest drafted 2 July 2002, approved by referendum 29 April 2003, endorsed 8 June 2004, effective 9 June 2005" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Amir or by one third of Advisory Council members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Advisory Council members and approval and promulgation by the emir; articles pertaining to the rule of state and its inheritance, functions of the emir, and citizen rights and liberties cannot be amended; amended by referendum November 2024; note - among the 19 proposed amendments, a major one was replacing direct elections for 30 of the 45 members of the Shura Council with appointments" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Amir or by one third of Advisory Council members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Advisory Council members and approval and promulgation by the emir; articles pertaining to the rule of state and its inheritance, functions of the emir, and citizen rights and liberties cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 5b1f2d07..2ca1c346 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "80.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "11,910 sq km (2018)" + "text": "7,575 sq km (2022)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" @@ -389,22 +389,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "80.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 79.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -515,8 +515,8 @@ "history": { "text": "1 March 1992 - Basic Law of Government, issued by royal decree, serves as the constitutional framework and is based on the Qur'an and the life and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the king directly or proposed to the king by the Consultative Assembly or by the Council of Ministers; passage by the king through royal decree; Basic Law amended many times, last in 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the king directly or proposed to the king by the Consultative Assembly or by the Council of Ministers; passage by the king through royal decree" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -582,10 +582,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "High Court (consists of the court chief and organized into circuits with 3-judge panels, except for the criminal circuit, which has a 5-judge panel for cases involving major punishments)" + "text": "High Court (consists of the court chief; organized into circuits with 3-judge panels, except for the criminal circuit, which has a 5-judge panel for cases involving major punishments)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "High Court chief and chiefs of the High Court Circuits appointed by royal decree upon the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council, a 10-member body of high-level judges and other judicial heads; new judges and assistant judges serve 1- and 2-year probations, respectively, before permanent assignment" + "text": "High Court chief and chiefs of the High Court Circuits appointed by royal decree on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council, a 10-member body of high-level judges and other judicial heads; new judges and assistant judges serve 1- and 2-year probations, respectively, before permanent assignment" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeals; Specialized Criminal Court, first-degree courts composed of general, criminal, personal status, and commercial courts; Labor Court; a hierarchy of administrative courts" diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 90dd2984..edd2aa39 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -70,26 +70,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "75.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 23.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 44.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 44.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "13,100 sq km (2013)" + "text": "9,820 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Euphrates (shared with Turkey [s], Iran, and Iraq [m]) - 3,596 km; Tigris (shared with Turkey, Iran, and Iraq [m]) - 1,950 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -375,22 +375,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "75.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "73.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 23.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 44.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 44.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "21.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -501,10 +501,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "

several previous; latest issued 15 February 2012, passed by referendum and effective 27 February 2012; note – UN-sponsored talks, which began in late 2019 between delegates from government and opposition forces to draft a new constitution; in June 2022, the 8th round of the Syrian Constitutional Committee ended in Geneva with no results, and the 9th round, scheduled for July 2022, was cancelled due to lack of Russian and regime participation

" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the People’s Assembly members; following review by a special Assembly committee, passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and approval by the president" + "text": "Syria's 2012 constitution was rescinded by the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham-led government in January 2025; in March 2025, interim authorities announced a transitional constitution to remain in effect for up to five years" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -581,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), a judicial management body headed by the minister of justice with 7 members, including the national president; judge tenure NA; Supreme Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the SJC; judges serve 4-year renewable terms" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "courts of first instance; magistrates' courts; religious and military courts; Economic Security Court; Counterterrorism Court (established June 2012)" + "text": "courts of first instance; magistrates' courts; religious and military courts; Economic Security Court; Counterterrorism Court" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 4b02a6c7..bdef609b 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -70,26 +70,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "49.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 26.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "14.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "35.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "52,150 sq km (2020)" + "text": "52,150 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -405,22 +405,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "49.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "50% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 26.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "14.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "35.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -542,8 +542,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -617,13 +617,13 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members)" + "text": "Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions -- 14 judicial and 1 consultative -- each with a division head and at least 5 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy court presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges serve 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges serve until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members serve renewable, 4-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts; peace courts; aggravated crime courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions" + "text": "regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts; peace courts; aggravated crime courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index 23b9f6d7..fdc4cf39 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -62,22 +62,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "55.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.4% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, @@ -346,22 +346,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "64.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "55.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.4% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index b2bb5639..9d2b84b9 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -76,22 +76,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "54.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -380,22 +380,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "54.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -506,10 +506,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification); note - after the National Dialogue ended in January 2015, a Constitutional Drafting Committee appointed by the president worked to prepare a new draft constitution that was expected to be put to a national referendum before being adopted; however, the start of the current conflict in early 2015 interrupted the process" - }, - "amendments": { - "text": "amended several times, last in 2009" + "text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification)" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 9c6939c4..aa9f0967 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "20% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "65.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "75.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -320,22 +320,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 14.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "20% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "65.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "75.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK; amended several times, last in 2012" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment" diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 7a2b2b94..b15d17f2 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -77,22 +77,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "59.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -402,22 +402,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "34.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "59.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "54% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ "history": { "text": "consists of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions dating from 1763; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament or by the provincial legislative assemblies; there are 5 methods for passage though most require approval by both houses of Parliament, approval of at least two thirds of the provincial legislative assemblies and assent and formalization as a proclamation by the governor general in council; the most restrictive method is reserved for amendments affecting fundamental sections of the constitution, such as the office of the monarch or the governor general, and the constitutional amendment procedures, which require unanimous approval by both houses and by all the provincial assemblies, and assent of the governor general in council; amended 11 times, last in 2011 (Fair Representation Act, 2011)" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament or by the provincial legislative assemblies; there are 5 methods for passage though most require approval by both houses of Parliament, approval of at least two thirds of the provincial legislative assemblies and assent and formalization as a proclamation by the governor general in council; the most restrictive method is reserved for amendments affecting fundamental sections of the constitution, such as the office of the monarch or the governor general, and the constitutional amendment procedures, which require unanimous approval by both houses and by all the provincial assemblies, and assent of the governor general in council" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -573,13 +573,13 @@ "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 26 July 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (since 4 November 2015)" + "text": "Prime Minister Mark CARNEY (since 14 March 2025)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general; on 6 January 2025 Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has announced he will step down after a new leader is chosen and approved by 24 March 2025" + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general" }, "note": "note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial" }, @@ -633,14 +633,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; note - in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements" - } + "text": "federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts" + }, + "note": "note: in 1999, the Nunavut Court -- a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court -- was established to serve isolated settlements" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Bloc Quebecois
Conservative Party of Canada or CPC
Green Party
Liberal Party
New Democratic Party or NDP
People's Party of Canada" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 504befd3..9fba382b 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "99.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "99.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -317,22 +317,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "99.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "99.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ "text": "King FREDERIK X of Denmark (since 14 January 2024), represented by High Commissioner Julie Praest WILCHE (since May 2022) (2024)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Premier Mute B. EGEDE (since 23 April 2021)" + "text": "Premier Mute B. EGEDE in caretaker status (since 12 March 2025)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Self-rule Government (Naalakkersuisut) elected by the Parliament (Inatsisartut)" @@ -480,14 +480,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "High Court of Greenland (consists of the presiding professional judge and 2 lay assessors); note - appeals beyond the High Court of Greenland can be heard by the Supreme Court (in Copenhagen)" + "text": "High Court of Greenland (consists of the presiding professional judge and 2 lay assessors)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70" + "text": "judges appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Greenland; 18 district or magistrates' courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the High Court of Greenland can be heard by the Supreme Court (in Copenhagen)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democrats Party (Demokraatit) or D 
Fellowship Party (Atassut) or A 
Forward Party (Siumut) or S 
Inuit Community (Inuit Ataqatigiit) or IA 
Signpost Party (Naleraq) or N (formerly Partii Naleraq)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index eaa8ecdb..d0533cb5 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 38.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "60,620 sq km (2020)" + "text": "59,910 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -415,22 +415,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "54.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 9.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 38.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "11.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -569,8 +569,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures; amended many times, last in 2024" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index cffe786b..21781e52 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "78.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "86.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -312,22 +312,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 8.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "78.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "86.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "amendment procedures of France's constitution apply" } }, @@ -455,13 +455,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel (composition NA)" + "text": "Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Supérieur d'Appel (composition NA)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judge selection and tenure NA" - }, - "subordinate courts": { - "text": "NA" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 3adafcec..59909372 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -80,22 +80,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 28.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "22.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -405,22 +405,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "44.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 16.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 16.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 28.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "33.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "22.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -549,8 +549,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine of the 13 states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a \"joint resolution\" by Congress, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by at least two thirds of the state legislatures; passage requires ratification by three fourths of the state legislatures or passage in state-held constitutional conventions as specified by Congress; the US president has no role in the constitutional amendment process; amended many times, last in 1992" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a \"joint resolution\" by Congress, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by at least two thirds of the state legislatures; passage requires ratification by three fourths of the state legislatures or passage in state-held constitutional conventions as specified by Congress; the US president has no role in the constitutional amendment process" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices)" + "text": "US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices -- the chief justice and 8 associate justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices serve for life" @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories" }, - "note": "note: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact" + "note": "note: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, but neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Democratic Party
Green Party
Libertarian Party
Republican Party" diff --git a/oceans/zh.json b/oceans/zh.json index 36df780a..a72144b6 100644 --- a/oceans/zh.json +++ b/oceans/zh.json @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ "Government": { "Country name": { "etymology": { - "text": "name derives from the Greek description of the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar, Atlantis thalassa, meaning \"Sea of Atlas\"" + "text": "name derives from the ancient Greek description of the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar, Atlantis thalassa, meaning \"Sea of Atlas\"" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index a96ef10b..69229981 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "53.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 39.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "35.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "23,600 sq km (2012)" + "text": "13,910 sq km (2018)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -410,22 +410,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "53.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 13.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 39.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "35.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ "text": "Argentina" }, "etymology": { - "text": "originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., \"Land beside the Silvery River\" or \"silvery land,\" which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Río de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or \"silvery\"" + "text": "the name is derived from one of the words for \"silver\" in Spanish, but the origin is unclear; it may have described the land next to the Rio de la Plata (\"Silver River\"), a major river that forms the boundary between Argentina and Uruguay; another possible source is the Spanish explorers mistakenly believing that the silver ornaments they bought from inhabitants in the 16th century came from a local source of silver" } }, "Government type": { @@ -548,8 +548,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention; amended several times, last significant amendment in 1994" + "amendment process": { + "text": "a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ "text": "judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; ministers can serve until mandatory retirement at age 75; extensions beyond 75 require renomination by the president and approval by the Senate" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "federal level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial level supreme, appellate, and first instance courts" + "text": "federal-level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial-level supreme, appellate, and first-instance courts" } }, "Political parties": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 3b8a7a41..42b357ac 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -396,22 +396,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "35.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "13.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest drafted 6 August 2006 to 9 December 2008, approved by referendum 25 January 2009, effective 7 February 2009" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed through public petition by at least 20% of voters or by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the Assembly and approval in a referendum; amended 2013" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed through public petition by at least 20% of voters or by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the Assembly and approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges or ministros organized into civil, penal, social, and administrative chambers); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members and 6 alternates); National Agro-Environment Court (consists of 5 primary and 5 alternate judges; Council of the Judiciary (consists of 3 primary and 3 alternate judges)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges organized into civil, penal, social, and administrative chambers); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members and 6 alternates); National Agro-Environment Court (consists of 5 primary and 5 alternate judges; Council of the Judiciary (consists of 3 primary and 3 alternate judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court, Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal, National Agro-Environmental Court, and Council of the Judiciary candidates pre-selected by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly and elected by direct popular vote; judges elected for 6-year terms; Plurinational Electoral Organ judges appointed - 6 by the Legislative Assembly and 1 by the president of the republic; members serve single 6-year terms" diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 28de3c13..41d110c2 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -76,26 +76,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "61.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "59.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "69,029 sq km (2017)" + "text": "91,833 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -406,22 +406,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "32.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 8.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 6.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 19.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "61.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "59.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "5.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -554,8 +554,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 5 October 1988" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by at least one third of either house of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by simple majority vote by more than half of the state legislative assemblies; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote by both houses in each of two readings; constitutional provisions affecting the federal form of government, separation of powers, suffrage, or individual rights and guarantees cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by at least one third of either house of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by simple majority vote by more than half of the state legislative assemblies; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote by both houses in each of two readings; constitutional provisions affecting the federal form of government, separation of powers, suffrage, or individual rights and guarantees cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index ca4fd5f7..fa899a81 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -76,26 +76,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "21.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "57% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "11,100 sq km (2012)" + "text": "9,094 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { @@ -395,22 +395,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "21.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "21.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "57% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; in September 2022 and again in December 2023, referendums presented for a new constitution were both defeated, and the September 1980 constitution remains in force" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by members of either house of the National Congress or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least four-sevenths majority vote of the membership in both houses and approval by the president; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Tribunal, electoral justice, the Council of National Security, or the constitutional amendment process, requires at least four-sevenths majority vote by both houses of Congress and approval by the president; the president can opt to hold a referendum when Congress and the president disagree on an amendment; amended many times, last in 2022" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by members of either house of the National Congress or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least four-sevenths majority vote of the membership in both houses and approval by the president; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Tribunal, electoral justice, the Council of National Security, or the constitutional amendment process, requires at least four-sevenths majority vote by both houses of Congress and approval by the president; the president can opt to hold a referendum when Congress and the president disagree on an amendment" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members or ministros); Constitutional Court (consists of 10 members and is independent of the rest of the judiciary); Elections Qualifying Court (consists of 5 members)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members); Constitutional Court (consists of 10 members and is independent of the rest of the judiciary); Elections Qualifying Court (consists of 5 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court president and judges (ministers) appointed by the president of the republic and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 by the Supreme Court, 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the Chamber of Deputies, and 2 by the Senate; members serve 9-year terms with partial membership replacement every 3 years (the court reviews constitutionality of legislation); Elections Qualifying Court members appointed by lottery - 1 by the former president or vice president of the Senate and 1 by the former president or vice president of the Chamber of Deputies, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Appellate Court of Valparaiso; members appointed for 4-year terms" diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index beeba71c..ab42710b 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "37.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 34.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 33.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "54.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "8.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "37.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 34.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 33.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "54.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "8.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -528,8 +528,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 4 July 1991" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the government, by Congress, by a constituent assembly, or by public petition; passage requires a majority vote by Congress in each of two consecutive sessions; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on citizen rights, guarantees, and duties also require approval in a referendum by over one half of voters and participation of over one fourth of citizens registered to vote; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the government, by Congress, by a constituent assembly, or by public petition; passage requires a majority vote by Congress in each of two consecutive sessions; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on citizen rights, guarantees, and duties also require approval in a referendum by over one half of voters and participation of over one fourth of citizens registered to vote" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 1849a509..9998cee2 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "29.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 12.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "38.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "10,000 sq km (2020)" + "text": "12,520 sq km (2022)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Amazon (6,145,186 sq km)" @@ -401,22 +401,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "29.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 5.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 5.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 19.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 12.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "38.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "31.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed; amended 2011, 2015, 2018, 2024" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges, including the chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (consists of the court president and 8 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "candidates for the National Court of Justice evaluated and appointed justices by the Judicial Council, a 9-member independent body of law professionals; justices elected for 9-year, non-renewable terms, with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years; candidates for the Constitutional Court evaluated and appointed judges by a 6-member independent body of law professionals; judges appointed for 4-year renewable terms" + "text": "candidates for the National Court of Justice evaluated and appointed justices by the Judicial Council, a 9-member independent body of law professionals; justices elected for 9-year, non-renewable terms, with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years; candidates for the Constitutional Court evaluated and appointed judges by a 6-member independent body of law professionals; judges appointed for 4-year renewable terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "provincial courts (one for each province except Galapagos); fiscal, criminal, and administrative tribunals; Election Dispute Settlement Courts; cantonal courts" diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index baae057c..fc71c57c 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "92.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "93.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 92.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 93.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -229,22 +229,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "92.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "93.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 92.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 93.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "0% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "7.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -356,14 +356,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice, court of appeal president, and justices appointed by the governor; tenure specified in each justice's instrument of appointment" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Magistrate's Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { "text": "none; all independents" diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index 2f42cdf3..fd7fef97 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "77.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "93.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "8.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "77.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "93.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "14.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -507,8 +507,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 6 October 1980" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, such as national sovereignty, government structure and powers, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum, and assent of the president; other amendments only require Assembly approval; amended many times, last in 2016" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, such as national sovereignty, government structure and powers, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum, and assent of the president; other amendments only require Assembly approval" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with a chief justice and 3 justices, and the High Court with a chief justice and 10 justices organized into 3- or 5-judge panels); note - in 2009, Guyana acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal in civil and criminal cases, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" + "text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with a chief justice and 3 justices, and the High Court with a chief justice and 10 justices organized into 3- or 5-judge panels); Caribbean Court of Justice is the final court of appeal in civil and criminal cases" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Court of Appeal and High Court chief justices appointed by the president; other judges of both courts appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a body appointed by the president; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 65" diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index cd3b92cb..032dfea3 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -69,22 +69,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "94.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "94.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "4.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -374,22 +374,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "0.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 0.4% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 0.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "94.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "94.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "4.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -494,8 +494,8 @@ "history": { "text": "previous 1975; latest ratified 30 September 1987, effective 30 October 1987" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership; amended 1992" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -570,14 +570,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "High Court of Justice of Suriname (consists of the court president, vice president, and 4 judges); note - appeals beyond the High Court are referred to the Caribbean Court of Justice; human rights violations can be appealed to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights with judgments issued by the Inter-American Court on Human Rights" + "text": "High Court of Justice of Suriname (consists of the court president, vice president, and 4 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "court judges appointed by the national president in consultation with the National Assembly, the State Advisory Council, and the Order of Private Attorneys; judges serve for life" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "cantonal courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: appeals beyond the High Court are referred to the Caribbean Court of Justice; human rights violations can be appealed to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights with judgments issued by the Inter-American Court on Human Rights" }, "Political parties": { "text": "Brotherhood and Unity in Politics or BEP
Democratic Alternative '91 or DA91
General Liberation and Development Party or ABOP
National Democratic Party or NDP
National Party of Suriname or NPS
Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE
Party for National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI
People's Alliance (Pertjajah Luhur) or PL
Progressive Workers' and Farmers' Union or PALU
Progressive Reform Party or VHP
Reform and Renewal Movement or HVB
Surinamese Labor Party or SPA" diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index a7dc220a..af5a6587 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "53.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 42.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -388,22 +388,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "53.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "42% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 11.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 42.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 30.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "43.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -511,8 +511,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved and promulgated 20 June 1992" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed at the initiative of at least one quarter of either chamber of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum; amended 2011" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed at the initiative of at least one quarter of either chamber of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 30318e5f..eb675ecb 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 14.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "53% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -411,22 +411,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 14.2% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "53% (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.2% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "28.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -553,8 +553,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions; amended many times, last in 2021" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 191f71c6..b52713de 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "87.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 76.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 68.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "2,380 sq km (2012)" + "text": "2,230 sq km (2018)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -401,22 +401,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "87.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "80.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 76.9% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 68.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "10.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -543,8 +543,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing \"constitutional laws\" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004" + "amendment process": { + "text": "initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing \"constitutional laws\" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 3fd25abe..3527604d 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "24.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -377,22 +377,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "24.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 20.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 20.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "52.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.3% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "23.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -505,9 +505,10 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed through agreement by at least 39% of the National Assembly membership, by the president of the republic in session with the cabinet of ministers, or by petition of at least 15% of registered voters; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly and simple majority approval in a referendum; amended 2009; note - in 2016, President MADURO issued a decree to hold an election to form a constituent assembly to change the constitution; the election in July 2017 approved the formation of a 545-member constituent assembly and elected its delegates, empowering them to change the constitution and dismiss government institutions and officials" - } + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed through agreement by at least 39% of the National Assembly membership, by the president of the republic in session with the cabinet of ministers, or by petition of at least 15% of registered voters; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly and simple majority approval in a referendum" + }, + "note": "note: in 2016, President MADURO issued a decree to hold an election to form a constituent assembly to change the constitution; the election in July 2017 approved the formation of a 545-member constituent assembly and elected its delegates, empowering them to change the constitution and dismiss government institutions and officials" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" @@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into constitutional, political-administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social divisions)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve nonrenewable 12-year terms; note - in July 2017, the National Assembly named 33 judges to the court to replace a series of judges, it argued, had been illegally appointed in late 2015 by the outgoing, socialist-party-led Assembly; MADURO and the Socialist Party-appointed judges refused to recognize these appointments, however, and many of the new judges have since been imprisoned or forced into exile" + "text": "judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve nonrenewable 12-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores); District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito); Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia); Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia); Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index ee9fd82f..1b360fe0 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "58.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 46% (2018)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "40.1% (2018)" + "text": "39.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "24,930 sq km (2020)" + "text": "24,930 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "58.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 46% (2018)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 46.4% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "1.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "40.1% (2018)" + "text": "39.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 247cd817..59902e5a 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "70.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "72.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 59% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 60.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "81,270 sq km (2020)" + "text": "83,690 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Brahmaputra river mouth (shared with China [s] and India) - 3,969 km; Ganges river mouth (shared with India [s]) - 2,704 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -401,22 +401,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "70.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "72.4% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 59% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 60.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 6.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 7.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 4.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 4.6% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "11.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "18.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -530,10 +530,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (preindependence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986" + "text": "previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (pre-independence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index c9e32490..fd351430 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "85.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -352,22 +352,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 2.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 1.8% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 10.8% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "85.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "71.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "0.9% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ "history": { "text": "previous governing documents were various royal decrees; first constitution drafted November 2001 to March 2005, ratified 18 July 2008" }, - "amendments": { + "amendment process": { "text": "proposed as a motion by simple majority vote in a joint session of Parliament; passage requires at least a three-fourths majority vote in a joint session of the next Parliament and assent by the king" } }, @@ -575,14 +575,15 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 associate justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch upon the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts" - } + }, + "note": "note: the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters" }, "Political parties": { "text": "

Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT
Bhutan Tendrel Party or BTP
Druk Thuendrel Tshogpa or DTT
People's Democratic Party or PDP
United Party of Bhutan (Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa) or DNT

" diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 8dc09bb6..c178f2e9 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 22.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 16.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "29.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -390,22 +390,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "43.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.5% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 20.7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 22.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 15.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 16.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 7% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 7.1% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "29.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "34.1% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "27.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of its total membership, certification by the president of the republic or the Parliament speaker, and in some cases approval in a referendum by absolute majority of valid votes; amended many times, last in 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of its total membership, certification by the president of the republic or the Parliament speaker, and in some cases approval in a referendum by absolute majority of valid votes" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of the chief justice and 9 justices); note - the court has exclusive jurisdiction to review legislation" + "text": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of the chief justice and 9 justices); has exclusive jurisdiction to review legislation" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice nominated by the Constitutional Council (CC), a 9-member high-level advisory body, and appointed by the president; other justices nominated by the CC and appointed by the president on the advice of the chief justice; all justices can serve until age 65" diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 6b6d53c0..46ff3bc7 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 52.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 51.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "23.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "16.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "715,539 sq km (2020)" + "text": "754,562 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { @@ -415,22 +415,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "60.5% (2018 est.)" + "text": "60% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 52.8% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 51.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 4.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 4.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "23.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "16.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -548,10 +548,10 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1935 (preindependence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950" + "text": "previous 1935 (pre-independence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent; amended many times, last in 2023" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent" } }, "International law organization participation": { diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index b313e8d6..51e2fe27 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ "agricultural land": { "text": "0% (2018 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { @@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ "agricultural land": { "text": "0% (2018 est.)" }, - "arable land": { + "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index aede7926..6d6967a9 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "73.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "77.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { @@ -387,22 +387,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "23.3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.7% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 10% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 13% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 10% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 3.3% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 3.3% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "3% (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "73.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "77.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ "history": { "text": "many previous; latest ratified 7 August 2008" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by its membership and the signature of the president of the republic; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on rights and freedoms and the terms of office of Parliament and of the president also requires a majority vote in a referendum; amended 2015" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by its membership and the signature of the president of the republic; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on rights and freedoms and the terms of office of Parliament and of the president also requires a majority vote in a referendum" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -576,10 +576,10 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 justices" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission - a 10-member body of selected high government officials and the public - and upon confirmation by voting members of the People's Majlis; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission -- a 10-member body of selected senior government officials and the public -- and on confirmation by voting members of the People's Majlis; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; Criminal, Civil, Family, Juvenile, and Drug Courts; Magistrate Courts (on each of the inhabited islands)" diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 451b6e52..68ac4cfd 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 12.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 12.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "13,320 sq km (2012)" + "text": "12,090 sq km (2022)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Indian Ocean drainage: Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km), Indus (1,081,718 sq km)" @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.1% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 12.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 12.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 12.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "25.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.6% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "45.8% (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by the Second Constituent Assembly 16 September 2015, signed by the president and effective 20 September 2015" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed as a bill by either house of the Federal Parliament; bills affecting a state border or powers delegated to a state must be submitted to the affected state assembly; passage of such bills requires a majority vote of that state assembly membership; bills not requiring state assembly consent require at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of the Federal Parliament; parts of the constitution on the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and sovereignty vested in the people cannot be amended; amended 2016, 2020" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a bill by either house of the Federal Parliament; bills affecting a state border or powers delegated to a state must be submitted to the affected state assembly; passage of such bills requires a majority vote of that state assembly membership; bills not requiring state assembly consent require at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of the Federal Parliament; parts of the constitution on the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and sovereignty vested in the people cannot be amended" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and up to 20 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Council, a 5-member, high-level advisory body headed by the prime minister; other judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the Judicial Council, a 5-member advisory body headed by the chief justice; the chief justice serves a 6-year term; judges serve until age 65" + "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council, a 5-member, high-level advisory body headed by the prime minister; other judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Council, a 5-member advisory body headed by the chief justice; the chief justice serves a 6-year term; judges serve until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court; district courts" diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 3392b8b1..2751e38e 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "35.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 27.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 39.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "62.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { - "text": "193,400 sq km (2020)" + "text": "194,200 sq km (2022)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Indus river mouth (shared with China [s] and India) - 3,610 km; Sutlej river mouth (shared with China [s] and India) - 1,372 km; Chenab river mouth (shared with India [s]) - 1,086 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" @@ -411,22 +411,22 @@ }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { - "text": "35.2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.6% (2022 est.)" }, - "arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 27.6% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 39.2% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2022 est.)" }, - "permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 6.5% (2018 est.)" + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 6.5% (2022 est.)" }, "forest": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2022 est.)" }, "other": { - "text": "62.7% (2018 est.)" + "text": "48.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { @@ -548,8 +548,8 @@ "history": { "text": "several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times)" }, - "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses; amended many times, last in 2018" + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses" } }, "International law organization participation": { @@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court of Pakistan (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "justices nominated by an 8-member parliamentary committee upon the recommendation of the Judicial Commission, a 9-member body of judges and other judicial professionals, and appointed by the president; justices can serve until age 65" + "text": "justices nominated by an 8-member parliamentary committee on the recommendation of the Judicial Commission, a 9-member body of judges and other judicial professionals, and appointed by the president; justices can serve until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Courts; Federal Shariat Court; provincial and district civil and criminal courts; specialized courts for issues, such as taxation, banking, and customs" diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index c1b4f8cc..ad17d6b8 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -73,6 +73,26 @@ }, "note": "top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m

top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry

highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Mount McKinley (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m

highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m

lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15

lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m" }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "38% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 25.8% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "30.6% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "31.4% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "3,242,917 sq km (2012 est.)" }, @@ -358,6 +378,26 @@ "text": "Death Valley, US (California) 39°C (101°F) July
Iranshahr, Iran 38.3°C (100.9°F) June
Ouallene, Algeria 38°C (100.4°F) July
Kuwait City, Kuwait 37.7°C (100°F) July
Medina, Saudi Arabia 36°C (97°F) July
Buckeye, US (Arizona) 34°C (93°F) July
Jazan, Saudi Arabia 33°C (91°F) June
Al Kufrah, Libya 31°C (87°F) July
Alice Springs, Australia 29°C (84°F) January
Tamanrasset, Algeria 29°C (84°F) June" } }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "38% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 10.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 25.8% (2022 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "30.6% (2022 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "31.4% (2022 est.)" + } + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "57.5% of total population (2023)"