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@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes coast guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP, but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022)"
"text": "Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1226,14 +1226,14 @@
"text": "approximately 140,000 ANP personnel (120,000 Army; 6,000 Navy; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 130,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 200,000 General Directorate of National Security (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from more than 15 countries, with Russia as the leading supplier (2022)"
"text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from a variety of countries, with Russia as the leading supplier (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (including women); 19-30 years of age for compulsory service (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 70% of the military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the ANP has played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019 when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office</p> <p>the ANP traditionally has focused on internal stability and on Morocco where relations as of 2022 remained tense over Western Sahara and Algerian accusations that Morocco supports the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK), a separatist group in Algeria’s Kabylie region; however, following the Arab Spring events of 2011 and a series of cross-border terrorist attacks emanating from Mali in 2012-2013, particularly the 2013 attack on a commercial gas plant by al-Qa’ida-linked terrorists that resulted in the deaths of 35 hostages and 29 jihadists, it has made a concerted effort to beef up security along its other borders and promote regional security cooperation; since 2013, additional Army and paramilitary forces were deployed to the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; in addition, Algeria has provided security assistance to some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, and conducted joint military/counter-terrorism operations</p>"
"text": "the ANP has played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019 when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office <br><br>the ANP traditionally has focused on internal stability and on Morocco where relations as of 2022 remained tense over Western Sahara and Algerian accusations that Morocco supports the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK), a separatist group in Algeria’s Kabylie region; however, following the Arab Spring events of 2011 and a series of cross-border terrorist attacks emanating from Mali in 2012-2013, particularly the 2013 attack on a commercial gas plant by al-Qa’ida-linked terrorists that resulted in the deaths of 35 hostages and 29 jihadists, it has made a concerted effort to beef up security along its other borders and promote regional security cooperation; since 2013, additional Army and paramilitary forces were deployed to the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; in addition, Algeria has provided security assistance to some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, and conducted joint military/counter-terrorism operations (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 101,000 active troops (95,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); est. 10,000 Rapid Reaction Police (2021)"
"text": "approximately 101,000 active troops (95,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); estimated 10,000 Rapid Reaction Police (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian, Soviet, or Warsaw Pact origin; since 2010, Russia has remained the principle supplier of military hardware to Angola (2021)"

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}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance of Progressives or AP [Ndaba GAOLATHE]<br>Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]<br>Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Mokgweetsi MASISI]<br>Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Sidney PILANE]<br>Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]<br>Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF [Biggie BUTALE]<br>Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]<br>Real Alternative Party or RAP [Gaontebale MOKGOSI]<br>Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (various times the collation has included the BMD, BPP, BCP and BNF) (2019)"
"text": "Alliance of Progressives or AP [Ndaba GAOLATHE]<br>Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]<br>Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Mokgweetsi MASISI]<br>Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Sidney PILANE]<br>Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]<br>Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF [Biggie BUTALE]<br>Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]<br>Real Alternative Party or RAP [Gaontebale MOKGOSI]<br>Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (various times the coalition has included the BMD, BPP, BCP and BNF) (2019)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Botswana Defense Force (BDF) has approximately 9,000 active personnel (2021)"
"text": "approximately 9,000 active BDF personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the BDF has a mix of foreign-supplied and mostly older weapons and equipment, largely from Europe (2021)"
@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Bechuanaland/Botswana did not have a permanent military during colonial times, with the British colonial administrators relying instead on small, lightly armed constabularies such as the Bechuanaland Mounted Police, the Bechuanaland Border Police, and by the early 1960s, the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); after independence in 1966, Botswana militarized the PMU and gave it responsibility for the country’s defense rather than create a conventional military force; however, turmoil in neighboring countries and numerous cross-border incursions by Rhodesian and South African security forces demonstrated that the PMU was inadequate for defending the country and led to the establishment of the BDF in 1977; as of 2022, the BDF’s primary missions included securing territorial integrity/border security and internal duties such as disaster relief and anti-poaching</p> <p>Botswana participates in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Standby Force, and in 2021-2022 contributed nearly 300 troops to the SADC’s effort to help the Mozambique Government suppress an insurgency</p>"
"text": "Bechuanaland/Botswana did not have a permanent military during colonial times, with the British colonial administrators relying instead on small, lightly armed constabularies such as the Bechuanaland Mounted Police, the Bechuanaland Border Police, and by the early 1960s, the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); after independence in 1966, Botswana militarized the PMU and gave it responsibility for the country’s defense rather than create a conventional military force; however, turmoil in neighboring countries and numerous cross-border incursions by Rhodesian and South African security forces in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrated that the PMU was inadequate for defending the country and led to the establishment of the BDF in 1977; as of 2022, the BDF’s primary missions included securing territorial integrity/border security and internal duties such as disaster relief and anti-poaching <br><br>Botswana participates in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Standby Force, and in 2021-2022 contributed nearly 300 troops to the SADC’s effort to help the Mozambique Government suppress an insurgency (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Benin Armed Forces (FAB) are comprised of approximately 7,000 active duty troops; est. 5,000 Republican Police (2021)"
"text": "approximately 7,000 active duty BDF troops; estimated 5,000 Republican Police (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAB is equipped with a small mix of mostly older French and Soviet-era equipment (2021)"
@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "al-Qa’ida (Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen); Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS); Boko Haram",
"text": "al-Qa’ida (Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen); Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS); Boko Haram",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},

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}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 25,000 active duty troops, the majority of which are ground forces (2021)"
"text": "approximately 30,000 active duty troops, the majority of which are ground forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FDN is armed mostly with weapons from Russia and the former Soviet Union, with some Western equipment, largely from France; since 2010, the FDN has received small amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from China, South Africa, and the US (2021)"
@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
"text": "760 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 5,400 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "in addition to its foreign deployments, the FDN as of 2021 was focused on internal security missions, particularly against rebel groups opposed to the regime such as National Forces of Liberation (FNL), the Resistance for the Rule of Law-Tabara (aka RED Tabara), and Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB or FOREBU); these groups were based in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo and have carried out sporadic attacks in Burundi"
"text": "in addition to its foreign deployments, the FDN was focused on internal security missions, particularly against rebel groups opposed to the regime such as National Forces of Liberation (FNL), the Resistance for the Rule of Law-Tabara (aka RED Tabara), and Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB or FOREBU); these groups were based in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo and have carried out sporadic attacks in Burundi (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDAR]<br>Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]<br>Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic or CAP-SUR [Joseph Djimrangar DADNADJI]<br>National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]<br>National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]<br>Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ahmat ALHABO]<br>Party for Unity and Reconciliation<br>Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY]<br>Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]RNDT/Le Reveil [Albert Pahimi PADACKE]<br>Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA [Malloum YOBODA]<br>Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Felix Romadoumngar NIALBE]"
"text": "Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDARD]<br>Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]<br>Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic or CAP-SUR [Joseph Djimrangar DADNADJI]<br>National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]<br>National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]<br>Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ahmat ALHABO]<br>Party for Unity and Reconciliation<br>Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY]<br>Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]<br>RNDT/Le Reveil [Albert Pahimi PADACKE]<br>Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA [Malloum YOBODA]<br>Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Felix Romadoumngar NIALBE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINUSMA, MNJTF, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "limited and varied information; approximately 30,000 active personnel (20-25,000 Ground Forces; 300 Air Force; 5-10,000 General Direction of the Security Services of State Institutions); approximately 5,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 3,000 National Nomadic Guard of Chad (2021)"
"text": "limited and varied information; estimated to have up to 35,000 active ANT personnel (25-30,000 Ground Forces; 300 Air Force; approximately 5,000 GDSSIE); approximately 5,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 3,000 Nomadic Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the ANT is mostly armed with older or second-hand equipment from Belgium, France, Russia, and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, it has received equipment, including donations, from more than 10 countries, including China, Italy, Ukraine, and the US (2021)"
@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "1,450 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria’s Borno State to fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF mission<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Chad is also part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has about 600 troops committed to the force; the G4 force is backed by the UN, US, and France and its troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; in early 2020, G4 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria’s Borno State to fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF mission<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Chad is also part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the ANT was chiefly focused on counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it was engaged with the Boko Haram (BH) and the Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups in the Lake Chad Basin area (primarily the Lac Province) and in the Sahel, particularly the tri-border area with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger; in addition, the ANT was conducting operations against internal anti-government militias and armed dissident groups; several Chadian rebel groups, including the Union of Resistance Forces (UFR) and the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), operate in northern Chad from bases in Libya; former Chadian President Idriss DEBY<strong> </strong>was killed in April 2021 during fighting in the northern part of the country between FACT and the Chadian Army"

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},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy, Congolese Air Force (Armee de l'Air Congolaise), Gendarmerie (2022)"
"text": "Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army, Navy, Congolese Air Force, Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Congolese Armed Forces (FAC) have approximately 12,000 active duty troops (8,000 Army; 800 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 2,000 Gendarmerie) (2021)"
"text": "approximately 12,000 active duty troops (8,000 Army; 800 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 2,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAC is armed with mostly ageing Russian and Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of French and South African equipment; the leading supplier of arms to the FAC since 2010 is South Africa (2021)"

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}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]<br>Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]<br>Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC<br>Engagement for Citizenship and Development or ECiDe [Martin FAYULU]<br>Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]<br>Lamuka coalition [Martin FAYULU] (includes ECiDe, MLC, Together for Change, CNB, and, Nouvel Elan)<br>Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]<br>Nouvel Elan [Adolphe MUZITO]<br>Our Congo or CNB (\"Congo Na Biso\") [Freddy MATUNGULU]<br>People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA Sakanyi]<br>Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]<br>Together for Change (Ensemble\") [Moise KATUMBI]<br>Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]<br>Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]<br>Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Felix TSHISEKEDI]"
"text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]<br>Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]<br>Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC<br>Engagement for Citizenship and Development or ECiDe [Martin FAYULU]<br>Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]<br>Lamuka coalition [Martin FAYULU] (includes ECiDe, MLC, Together for Change, CNB, and, Nouvel Elan)<br>Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]<br>Nouvel Elan [Adolphe MUZITO]<br>Our Congo or CNB (\"Congo Na Biso\") [Freddy MATUNGULU]<br>People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA Sakanyi]<br>Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]<br>Together for Change (\"Ensemble\") [Moise KATUMBI]<br>Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU<br>Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]<br>Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Felix TSHISEKEDI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, COMESA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "limited and widely varied information; approximately 100,000 active troops (mostly Army, but includes several thousand Navy and Air Force personnel, as well as about 10,000 Republican Guard; note -&nbsp; Navy personnel includes naval infantry) (2021)"
"text": "limited and widely varied information; approximately 100,000 active troops (mostly Army, but includes several thousand Navy and Air Force personnel, as well as about 10,000 Republican Guard; note -&nbsp; Navy personnel includes naval infantry) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FARDC is equipped mostly with a mix of second-hand Russian and Soviet-era weapons acquired from former Warsaw Pact nations; most equipment was acquired between 1970 and 2000; in recent years, Ukraine is the largest supplier of arms to the FARDC (2021)"
@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "210,067 (Rwanda), 207,118 (Central African Republic), 56,303 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,187 (Burundi) (2022)"
"text": "210,067 (Rwanda), 207,118 (Central African Republic), 56,303 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,798 (Burundi) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "5.61 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2021)"

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}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development<br>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br>Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]<br>Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]<br>Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br>Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]<br>Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]<br>Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br>Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br>Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]<br>Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br>Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]<br>Union of Socialist Movements"
"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development<br>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br>Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]<br>Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]<br>Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br>Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]<br>Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]<br>Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br>Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br>Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]<br>Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br>Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]<br>Union of Socialist Movements or USM"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies widely; approximately 40,000 active duty troops; (25,000 ground forces, including the BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2021)"
"text": "information varies widely; approximately 40,000 active duty troops; (25,000 ground forces, including the BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAC inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of armaments to the FAC (2021)"
@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "346,961 (Central African Republic), 134,437 (Nigeria) (2022)"
"text": "347,575 (Central African Republic), 135,243 (Nigeria) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "936,767 (2022) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)"

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"note": "<br>   <br><br> "
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani]<br>Democratic Rally of the Comoros or RDC [Mouigni BARAKA]<br>Independent Party [N/A]<br>Juwa Party or PJ [[Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI, Mahamoudou AHAMADA]<br>Orange Party [Mohamed DAOUDOU]<br>Party for the Comorian Agreement (Partie Pour l'Entente Commorienne) or PEC [Fahmi Said IBRAHIM]<br>Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development or RADHI [Mohamed AHMED]<br>Rally with a Development Initiative for Enlightened Youth or RIDJA [Said LARIFOU]<br>Union for the Development of the Comoros or UPDC [Mohamed HALIFA] (2018)"
"text": "Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani]<br>Democratic Rally of the Comoros or RDC [Mouigni BARAKA]<br>Independent Party<br>Juwa Party or PJ [Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI, Mahamoudou AHAMADA]<br>Orange Party [Mohamed DAOUDOU]<br>Party for the Comorian Agreement (Partie Pour l'Entente Commorienne) or PEC [Fahmi Said IBRAHIM]<br>Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development or RADHI [Mohamed AHMED]<br>Rally with a Development Initiative for Enlightened Youth or RIDJA [Said LARIFOU]<br>Union for the Development of the Comoros or UPDC [Mohamed HALIFA] (2018)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>when the Gendarmerie serves as the judicial police, it reports to the Minister of Justice"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "Comoran Defense Force has an estimated 600 personnel; est. 500 Comoran Federal Police (2021)"
"text": "estimated 600 Defense Force personnel; estimated 500 Federal Police (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the defense forces are lightly armed with a mix of mostly older equipment from a variety of countries, including France, Italy, Russia, and the US (2021)"

6
africa/ct.json
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@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Action Party for Development or PAD [El Hadj Laurent NGON-BABA]<br>Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA]<br>Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire Nzanga KOLINGBA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH]<br>Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE]<br>National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Amine MICHEL]<br>New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]<br>Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]"
"text": "Action Party for Development or PAD [El Hadj Laurent NGON-BABA]<br>Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA]<br>Central African Democratic Rally or RDC<br>Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH]<br>Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE]<br>National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Michel AMINE]<br>New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch Derant LAKOUE]<br>Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country) (suspended), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine); Ministry of Interior: National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), National Police (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019-2021, the CAR created three Mixed Special Security units (<em>Unités Spéciales Mixtes de Sécurité</em> or USMS), regionally based battalion-sized units comprised of about 40% government and 60% rebel soldiers that are intended to provide security along transportation corridors and at mining sites; the units are intended to be transitional in nature with a scheduled deployment time of two years"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019-2021, the CAR created three Mixed Special Security units (Unités Spéciales Mixtes de Sécurité or USMS), regionally based battalion-sized units comprised of about 40% government and 60% rebel soldiers created to provide security along transportation corridors and at mining sites; the units are intended to be transitional in nature with a scheduled deployment time of two years"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 FACA troops; up to 2,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 2,000 Mixed Special Security Units (2021)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 FACA troops; up to 2,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 2,000 Mixed Special Security Units (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FACA is lightly and poorly armed with mostly outdated weapons; since 2010, it has received small amounts of second-hand equipment from China, Russia, and Ukraine (2021)",

10
africa/cv.json
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@ -544,10 +544,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 18 April 2021 (next to be held on 18 April 2026)"
"text": "last held on 18 April 2021 (next to be held on 18 April 2026) (2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party Monument for Democracy 50.2%, African Party for Independence in Cape Verde 39.55%, Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union 9.0%; seats by party - MD 38, APICV 30, DICVU 4; composition - men 44, women 28, percent of women 37.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party Monument for Democracy 50.2%, African Party for Independence in Cape Verde 39.55%, Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union 9.0%; seats by party - MD 38, APICV 30, DICVU 4; composition - men 44, women 28, percent of women 37.5% (2021)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "rz African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Janira Hopffer ALMADA]<br>Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]<br>Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]<br>Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]<br>Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]<br>Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]<br>Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]"
"text": "African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Janira Hopffer ALMADA]<br>Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [João DOS SANTOS LUIS]<br>Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]<br>Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]<br>Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]<br>Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1151,13 +1151,13 @@
"text": "approximately 1,200 personnel including about 100 in the Coast Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FACV has a limited amount of mostly dated and second-hand equipment, largely from China, European countries, and the former Soviet Union (2022)"
"text": "the FACV has a limited amount of mostly dated and second-hand equipment, largely from China, some European countries, and the former Soviet Union (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; 2-years conscript service obligation; 17 years of age for voluntary service (with parental consent) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2022, the FACV/National Guard was mostly a ground force with 2 infantry battalions and a small air component with a maritime patrol squadron; the Coast Guard had a few coastal patrol craft and patrol boats</p>"
"text": "as of 2022, the FACV/National Guard was mostly a ground force with 2 infantry battalions and a small air component with a maritime patrol squadron; the Coast Guard had a few coastal patrol craft and patrol boats"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
africa/dj.json
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@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Djibouti Armed Forces (FAD) have approximately 10,500 active troops (8,000 Army; 250 Naval; 250 Air; 2,000 Gendarmerie) (2021)"
"text": "approximately 10,000 active troops (8,000 Army; 250 Naval; 250 Air; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAD is armed largely with older French and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including China and the US (2021)"

2
africa/eg.json
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@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 450,000 total active personnel (325,000 Army; 18,000 Navy; 30,000 Air Force; 75,000 Air Defense Command); approximately 300,000 Central Security Forces (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 450,000 active duty personnel (325,000 Army; 18,000 Navy; 30,000 Air Force; 75,000 Air Defense Command); approximately 300,000 Central Security Forces personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the EAF's inventory is comprised of a mix of domestically produced, imported Soviet-era, and more modern, particularly Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the EAF has embarked on an extensive equipment modernization program with major purchases from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military hardware to Egypt are France, Russia, and the US; Egypt has an established defense industry that produces a range of products from small arms to armored vehicles and naval vessels; it also has licensed and co-production agreements with several countries (2022)"

2
africa/ek.json
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@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 2,000 active duty troops; approximately 400 Gendarmerie (2021)"
"text": "approximately 1,500 active duty troops; approximately 500 Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAGE is armed with mostly older (typically Soviet-era) and second-hand weapons systems; in recent years, it has sought to modernize its naval inventory; Ukraine has been the leading provider of equipment since 2010 (2021)"

2
africa/er.json
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@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "limited available information; estimated 150,000-200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces (2021)"
"text": "limited available information; estimated 150,000-200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Eritrean Defense Forces inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, followed by Belarus; in 2019, Eritrea expressed interest in purchasing Russian arms, including missile boats, helicopters, and small arms (2021)"

6
africa/et.json
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@ -1290,14 +1290,14 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; prior to the 2020-21 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the newly-established Navy) (2021)"
"text": "information varies; prior to the 2020-21 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the newly-established Navy) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Soviet-era equipment from the 1970s; since 2010, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, with China, Russia, and Ukraine as the leading suppliers; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict; the order also recalled retired military officers to active duty"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)"
@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "403,240 (South Sudan), 249,126 (Somalia), 161,640 (Eritrea), 47,826 (Sudan) (2022)"
"text": "403,802 (South Sudan), 249,573 (Somalia), 161,640 (Eritrea), 47,826 (Sudan) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2,114,653 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2021)"

2
africa/ga.json
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@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 2,000 total active troops (2021)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 3,000 active troops (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the GNA has a limited equipment inventory; since 2000, it has received only a few secondhand items (2021)"

2
africa/gb.json
View file

@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 6,500 active duty troops including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2021)"
"text": "approximately 6,500 active duty troops including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FDG is lightly armed with a mixed inventory from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, providers have included Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2021)"

2
africa/gv.json
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@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "Guinean National Armed Forces are comprised of approximately 12,000 active personnel <br>(9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 12,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of ageing and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; since 2010, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2022)"

4
africa/iv.json
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@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Forces Armees de Cote d'Ivoire, FACI; aka Republican Forces of Ivory Coast, FRCI): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale), Cote Air Force (Force Aerienne Cote), Special Forces (Forces Speciale); National Gendarmerie (under the Ministry of Defense); Ministry of Security and Civil Protection: National Police; Coordination Center for Operational Decisions (a mix of police, gendarmerie, and FACI personnel for assisting police in providing security in some large cities) (2022)"
"text": "Armed Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Forces Armees de Cote d'Ivoire, FACI; aka Republican Forces of Ivory Coast, FRCI): Army, Navy, Cote Air Force, Special Forces; National Gendarmerie (under the Ministry of Defense); Ministry of Security and Civil Protection: National Police; Coordination Center for Operational Decisions (a mix of police, gendarmerie, and FACI personnel for assisting police in providing security in some large cities) (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 25,000 active troops (23,000 Army, including about 2,000 Special Forces; 1,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force); est. 5-10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
"text": "approximately 25,000 active troops (23,000 Army, including about 2,000 Special Forces; 1,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force); 5-10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the FACI consists mostly of older or second-hand equipment, typically of French or Soviet-era origin; Cote d'Ivoire was under a partial UN arms embargo from 2004 to 2016; since 2016, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of countries (2022)"

4
africa/li.json
View file

@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL): Army, Liberian Coast Guard, Air Wing (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the AFL Air Wing was previously disbanded in 2005 and has been under development since 2019; the Liberian National Police and the Liberian Drug Enforcement Agency are under the Ministry of Justice"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the AFL Air Wing was previously disbanded in 2005 and has been under redevelopment since 2019; the Liberian National Police and the Liberian Drug Enforcement Agency are under the Ministry of Justice"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 2,000 personnel (2021)"
"text": "approximately 2,000 active personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the AFL is poorly armed; it has received limited quantities of equipment since 2010, including donations, from countries such as China and the US (2021)"

2
africa/lt.json
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@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 2,000 personnel (2021)"
"text": "approximately 2,000 personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the LDF has a small inventory of older equipment from a variety of countries; since 2010, it has received only small quantities of second hand equipment from France (2021)"

2
africa/ma.json
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@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 13,000 personnel (12,000 Army; 500 Navy; 500 Air Force); est. 10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
"text": "approximately 13,000 personnel (12,000 Army; 500 Navy; 500 Air Force); estimated 10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the PAF's inventory consists mostly of aging Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of second-hand equipment from France, South Africa, and UAE (2022)"

2
africa/mi.json
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@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 total personnel (including about 200 air and 200 marine forces) (2021)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 personnel (including about 200 air and 200 marine forces) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Malawi Defense Force inventory is comprised of mostly obsolescent or second-hand equipment from Europe and South Africa; since 2010, it has taken deliveries of limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from China, South Africa, and the UK, as well as non-lethal equipment donated by the US (2021)"

4
africa/ml.json
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@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active FAMa personnel (includes up to 2,000 Air Force); estimated 5,000 Gendarmerie; estimated 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active FAMa personnel (includes up to 2,000 Air Force); approximately 5,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of mostly second-hand armaments from more than a dozen countries, including Russia (2022)"
@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>as of 2022, Malian security forces were actively conducting operations against several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups, particularly in the central and northern regions of the country where the government was reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the territory<br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of mid-2022, MINUSMA had around 15,000 personnel deployed; in June 2022, the UN extended its mission another 12 months<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) and the French military (under a separate, bi-lateral mission) have also operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; as of May 2022, the mission included about 1,100 personnel from more than 20 European countries; in April of 2022, the EU said it would suspend its training program in Mali, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; as of mid-2022, France was withdrawing its forces, also citing obstructions from the military government; prior to the withdrawal, more than 2,000 French troops had provided military assistance and conducted counter-terrorism/counter-insurgency operations<br><br>in December 2021, the Malian military government contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials (2022)"
"text": "prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>as of 2022, Malian security forces were actively conducting operations against several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups, particularly in the central and northern regions of the country where the government was reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the territory<br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of mid-2022, MINUSMA had around 15,000 personnel deployed; in June 2022, the UN extended its mission another 12 months<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) and the French military (under a separate, bi-lateral mission) have also operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; as of May 2022, the mission included about 1,100 personnel from more than 20 European countries; in April of 2022, the EU said it would suspend its training program in Mali, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; in August 2022, France completed withdrawing the last of its forces from Mali, also citing obstructions from the military government; prior to the withdrawal, more than 2,000 French troops had provided military assistance and conducted counter-terrorism/counter-insurgency operations<br><br>in December 2021, the Malian military government contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; as of mid-2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

2
africa/mo.json
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@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 200,000 active personnel (175,000 Army; 10,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force); est. 20,000 Gendarmerie; est. 5,000 Mobile Intervention Corps (2021)"
"text": "approximately 200,000 active personnel (175,000 Army; 10,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force); estimated 20,000 Gendarmerie; estimated 5,000 Mobile Intervention Corps (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Moroccan military's inventory is comprised of mostly older French and US equipment; since 2010, it has received equipment from about a dozen countries with France and the US as the leading suppliers (2021)"

4
africa/mr.json
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@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 16,000 active personnel (15,000 Army; 700 Navy; 300 Air Force); est. 3,000 Gendarmerie; est. 2,000 National Guard (2022)"
"text": "approximately 16,000 active armed forces personnel (15,000 Army; 700 Navy; 300 Air Force); estimated 3,000 Gendarmerie; estimated 2,000 National Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Mauritanian Armed Forces' inventory is limited and made up largely of older French and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Mauritania has received a limited amount of mostly secondhand military equipment from a variety of suppliers, with China as the leading provider (2022)"
@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "470 (plus about 320 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Mauritania is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G4 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by the UN, US, and France"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Mauritania is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since a spate of terrorist attacks in the 2000s, including a 2008 attack on a military base in the country&rsquo;s north that resulted in the deaths of 12 soldiers, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military&rsquo;s special operations and civil-military affairs forces (2022)"

2
africa/mz.json
View file

@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information limited and varied; approximately 12,000 personnel (11,000 Army and about 1,000 Air Force and Navy) (2021)"
"text": "information limited and varied; approximately 12,000 personnel (11,000 Army and about 1,000 Air Force and Navy) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FADM's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although since 2010 it has received limited quantities of more modern equipment from a variety of countries, mostly as aid/donations (2021)"

8
africa/ng.json
View file

@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 12,000 active troops (est. 8,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 4,000 Gendarmerie); est. 3,000 National Guard (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 12,000 active FAN troops (8,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 4,000 Gendarmerie); approximately 3,000 National Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; since 2010, the FAN has received small amounts of mostly second-hand equipment and donations from several countries with the US as the top provider (2022)"
@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "875 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Niger is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Chad; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by the UN, US, and France<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; as of 2022, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the FAN was conducting counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against Islamic militants on two fronts; in the Diffa region, the Nigeria-based Boko Haram terrorist group has conducted dozens of attacks on security forces, army bases, and civilians; on Niger&rsquo;s western border with Mali, the Islamic State-West Africa (ISWA) has conducted numerous attacks on security personnel; a series of ISWA attacks on FAN forces near the Malian border in December of 2019 and January of 2020 resulted in the deaths of more than 170 soldiers; terrorist attacks continued into 2022 (2022)"
@ -1269,10 +1269,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "187,134 (Nigeria), 62,904 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
"text": "187,134 (Nigeria), 63,155 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "264,257 (includes the regions of Diffa, Tillaberi, and Tahoua; unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2022)"
"text": "347,648 (includes the regions of Diffa, Tillaberi, and Tahoua; unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2022)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

4
africa/ni.json
View file

@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); est. 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Nigerian Armed Forces' inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; since 2010, Nigeria has undertaken a considerable military modernization program, and has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2022)"
@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "78,321 (Cameroon) (2022)"
"text": "79,681 (Cameroon) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "3,030,544 (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2022)"

4
africa/rw.json
View file

@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) has approximately 33,000 active personnel (32,000 Army; 1,000 Air Force) (2021)"
"text": "approximately 33,000 active RDF personnel (32,000 Army; 1,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the RDF's inventory includes mostly Russian, Soviet-era, and older Western - largely French and South African - equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the top supplier (2021)"
@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "2,450 (plus about 500 police) Central African Republic (approximately 1,700 for MINUSCA; an additional 750 troops sent separately under a bilateral agreement with CAR in August, 2021); at least 1,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 to assist with combating insurgency); 2,600 (plus about 400 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022)"
"text": "2,450 (plus about 500 police) Central African Republic (approximately 1,700 for MINUSCA; an additional 750 troops sent separately under a bilateral agreement with CAR in August, 2021); up to 2,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 under a bi-lateral agreement to assist with combating insurgency; includes both military and police forces); 2,600 (plus about 400 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) were established following independence in 1962; after the 1990-1994 civil war and genocide, the victorious Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front's military wing, the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), became the country's military force; the RPA participated in the First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congolese Wars; the RPA was renamed the Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) in 2003, by which time it had assumed a more national character with the inclusion of many former Hutu officers as well as newly recruited soldiers<br><br>the RDF is widely regarded as one of Africa’s best trained and most capable and professional military forces; as of 2022, over 5,000 RDF personnel were deployed on missions in Africa</p>"

2
africa/se.json
View file

@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
"text": "last held on 22-24 Oct 2020 (next to be held&nbsp;October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and will be held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3% , other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US10; composition - men 25, women 10, percent of women 29%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3% , other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US10; composition - men 27, women 8, percent of women 22.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

2
africa/sf.json
View file

@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is comprised of approximately 75,000 personnel (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force; 8,000 Military Health Service; 10,000 other, including administrative, logistics, military police); 180,000 South African Police Service (2021)"
"text": "approximately 75,000 personnel (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force; 8,000 Military Health Service; 10,000 other, including administrative, logistics, military police); 180,000 South African Police Service (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SANDF's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and foreign-supplied equipment; South Africa's domestic defense industry produced most of the Army's major weapons systems (some were jointly-produced with foreign companies), while the Air Force and Navy inventories include a mix of European, Israeli, and US-origin weapons systems; since 2010, Sweden is the largest supplier of weapons to the SANDF (2021)"

8
africa/sg.json
View file

@ -628,13 +628,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or <em>Assemblée</em> Nationale (165 seats; 112 members including 15 representing Senegalese diaspora directly elected by plurality vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies and 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency)"
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or <em>Assemblée</em> Nationale (165 seats; 112 members including 15 representing Senegalese diaspora directly elected by plurality vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies and 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency; member term is 5-years)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "National Assembly - last held on 2 July 2017 (next to be held on 31 July 2022)"
"text": "National Assembly - last held on 31 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2027) (2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party/coalition - BBK 49.5%, CGWS 16.7%, MTS 11.7%, PUR 4.7%, CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 2%, other 15.4%; seats by party/coalition - BBY 125, CGWS 19, MTS 7, PUR 3, CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 2, other 9; composition - men 96, women 69, percent of women 41.8%"
"text": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party/coalition - BBY 46.6%, YAW 32.9%, WS 14.5%, other 6%;&nbsp; seats by party/coalition - BBY 82, YAW 56, WS 24, other 3; composition - men 95, women 70, percent of women 42.4% (2022)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -649,7 +649,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR-Yakaar [Macky SALL]<br>Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]<br>Alliance for Citizenship and Labor or ACT [Abdoul MBAYE]<br>And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP Decriox]<br>Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope) [Macky SALL] (coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP)<br>Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]<br>Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk [Mansour Sy DJAMIL]<br>Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Abdoulaye BATHILY]<br>Dare the Future movement [Aissata Tall SALL]<br>Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]<br>Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]<br>General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR [Thierno BOCOUM]<br>Grand Party or GP [Malick GAKOU]<br>Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Magatte THIAM]<br>Madicke 2019 coalition [Madicke NIANG]<br>National Union for the People or UNP [Souleymane Ndene NDIAYE]<br>Only Senegal movement [Pierre Goudiaby ATEPA]<br>Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]<br>Party of Unity and Rally or PUR [El Hadji SALL]<br>Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi [Abdoulaye BALDE]<br>Patriots of Senegal for Ethics, Work and Fraternity or (PASTEF) [Ousmane SONKO]<br>Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]<br>Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]<br>Tekki Movement [Mamadou Lamine DIALLO]"
"text": "Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR-Yakaar [Macky SALL]<br>Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]<br>Alliance for Citizenship and Labor or ACT [Abdoul MBAYE]<br>And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP Decriox]<br>Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope) [Macky SALL] (coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP)<br>Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]<br>Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk [Mansour Sy DJAMIL]<br>Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Abdoulaye BATHILY]<br>Democratic Renaissance Congress<br>Dare the Future movement [Aissata Tall SALL]<br>Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]<br>Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]<br>General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR [Thierno BOCOUM]<br>Grand Party or GP [Malick GAKOU]<br>Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Magatte THIAM]<br>Jotna Coalition<br>Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW [Barthelemy DIAS, Ousmane SONKO, Khalifa SALL]<br>Madicke 2019 coalition [Madicke NIANG]<br>National Union for the People or UNP [Souleymane Ndene NDIAYE]<br>Only Senegal movement [Pierre Goudiaby ATEPA]<br>Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]<br>Party of Unity and Rally or PUR [El Hadji SALL]<br>Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi [Abdoulaye BALDE]<br>Patriots of Senegal for Ethics, Work and Fraternity or (PASTEF) [Ousmane SONKO]<br>Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]<br>Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]<br>Tekki Movement [Mamadou Lamine DIALLO]<br>Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS [Abdoulaye WADE] (coalition includes Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

2
africa/sh.json
View file

@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Governor Philip RUSHBROOK (since&nbsp;11 May 2019)"
"text": "Governor Nigel Phillips (since 13 August 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Executive Council consists of the governor, 3 ex-officio officers, and 5 elected members of the Legislative Council"

14
africa/so.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Ancient Egypt trade expeditions along the northeastern coast of Africa - including today's Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia - occurred at various times between the 25th and 12th centuries B.C. Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying Somalia’s close trading relationship with the Arab Peninsula. In the late 19th century, Britain and Italy established colonies in the Somali Peninsula, where they remained until 1960, when British Somaliland gained independence and joined with Italian Somaliland to form the Republic of Somalia. The country functioned as a parliamentary democracy until 1969, when General Mohamed SIAD Barre took control in a coup, beginning a 22-year authoritarian socialist dictatorship. In an effort to centralize power, SIAD called for the eradication of the clan, the key cultural and social organizing principle in Somali society. Resistance to SIAD’s socialist leadership, which was causing a rapid deterioration of the country, prompted allied clan militias to overthrow SIAD in early 1991, resulting in state collapse. Subsequent fighting between rival clans for resources and territory overwhelmed the country, resulting in a manmade famine and prompting international intervention. Beginning in 1993, the UN spearheaded a humanitarian mission supported by international forces, but the international community largely withdrew by 1995 following Black Hawk Down - an incident in which two American Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters were shot down in Mogadishu, killing 21 international forces and wounding 82.<br><br>International peace conferences in the 2000s resulted in a number of transitional governments that operated outside of Somalia. Left largely to themselves, Somalis in the country established alternative governance structures; some areas formed their own administrations, such as Somaliland and Puntland, while others developed localized institutions. Many local populations turned to using sharia courts, an Islamic judicial system that implements religious law. Several of these courts came together in 2006 to form the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU established order in many areas of central and southern Somalia, including Mogadishu, but was forced out when Ethiopia intervened militarily in December 2006 on behalf of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). While the TFG settled in the capital, the ICU fled to rural areas or from Somalia altogether, reemerging less than a year later as the Islamic insurgent and terrorist movement al-Shabaab, which is still active today. In January 2007, the African Union (AU) established the AU Mission in Somalia peacekeeping force, which allowed Ethiopia to withdraw its forces, took over security responsibility for the country, and gave the TFG space to develop Somalia’s new government. By 2012, Somali powerbrokers agreed on a provisional constitution with a loose federal structure and established the central government in Mogadishu. Since then, four interim regional administrations have been established and there have been two presidential elections. However, significant and fundamental governance and security problems remain.<br>.</p>"
"text": "<p>Ancient Egypt trade expeditions along the northeastern coast of Africa - including today's Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia - occurred at various times between the 25th and 12th centuries B.C. Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying Somalia’s close trading relationship with the Arab Peninsula. In the late 19th century, Britain and Italy established colonies in the Somali Peninsula, where they remained until 1960, when British Somaliland gained independence and joined with Italian Somaliland to form the Republic of Somalia. The country functioned as a parliamentary democracy until 1969, when General Mohamed SIAD Barre took control in a coup, beginning a 22-year authoritarian socialist dictatorship. In an effort to centralize power, SIAD called for the eradication of the clan, the key cultural and social organizing principle in Somali society. Resistance to SIAD’s socialist leadership, which was causing a rapid deterioration of the country, prompted allied clan militias to overthrow SIAD in early 1991, resulting in state collapse. Subsequent fighting between rival clans for resources and territory overwhelmed the country, resulting in a manmade famine and prompting international intervention. Beginning in 1993, the UN spearheaded a humanitarian mission supported by international forces, but the international community largely withdrew by 1995 following Black Hawk Down - an incident in which two American Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters were shot down in Mogadishu, killing 21 international forces and wounding 82.<br><br>International peace conferences in the 2000s resulted in a number of transitional governments that operated outside of Somalia. Left largely to themselves, Somalis in the country established alternative governance structures; some areas formed their own administrations, such as Somaliland and Puntland, while others developed localized institutions. Many local populations turned to using sharia courts, an Islamic judicial system that implements religious law. Several of these courts came together in 2006 to form the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU established order in many areas of central and southern Somalia, including Mogadishu, but was forced out when Ethiopia intervened militarily in December 2006 on behalf of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). While the TFG settled in the capital, the ICU fled to rural areas or from Somalia altogether, reemerging less than a year later as the Islamic insurgent and terrorist movement al-Shabaab, which is still active today. In January 2007, the African Union (AU) established the AU Mission in Somalia peacekeeping force, which allowed Ethiopia to withdraw its forces, took over security responsibility for the country, and gave the TFG space to develop Somalia’s new government. By 2012, Somali powerbrokers agreed on a provisional constitution with a loose federal structure and established the central government in Mogadishu. Since then, four interim regional administrations have been established and there have been two presidential elections. However, significant and fundamental governance and security problems remain.<br><br></p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -563,15 +563,15 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:<br>Upper House (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:<br>Senate (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Upper House - first held on 10 October 2016 (next to be held by 25 February 2022)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held by 25 February 2022)"
"text": "<br>Senate - first held on 10 October 2016 (next to be held by 25 February 2022)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held by 25 February 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Upper House - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 41, women 13, percent of women 24.1%<br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 208, women 67, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 41, women 13, percent of women 24.1%<br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 208, women 67, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People members were sworn in"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People members were sworn in"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
@ -1118,8 +1118,8 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "estimates vary widely, from a low of about 10,000 to a high of some 25,000 due to inconsistent internal reporting and the ongoing attempts to integrate various militias (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in 2017, the Somali Government announced a plan for the SNA to eventually number about 18,000 troops; the same plan called for 32,000 federal and regional police<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> estimates for the number of militia forces operating in the country run as high as 50,000"
"text": "estimates vary widely due to inconsistent data and ongoing efforts to integrate various militias; estimated 10-20,000 active duty SNA personnel (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in 2017, the Somali Government announced a plan for the SNA to eventually number about 18,000 troops; the same plan called for 32,000 federal and regional police<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2021, there were up to 50,000 militia forces were estimated to be operating in the country"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, second-hand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; since 2015, it has received small quantities of second-hand equipment from up to 10 different countries, usually as aid/donations (2021)"

2
africa/su.json
View file

@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> many defense expenditures are probably off-budget"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies widely; estimated 100-125,000 SAF troops; approximately 30-40,000 Rapid Support Forces (2022)"
"text": "information varies widely; estimated 100-125,000 active duty armed forces personnel; approximately 30-40,000 Rapid Support Forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet-era, Ukrainian, and domestically-produced weapons systems; since 2010, the leading arms providers to the SAF are Belarus, China, Russia, and Ukraine; North Korea has also provided arms; Sudan has a domestic arms industry that manufactures ammunition, small arms, and armored vehicles, largely based on older Chinese and Russian systems (2022)"

2
africa/to.json
View file

@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 10-11,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air and Navy; 3,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)",
"text": "approximately 11,000 personnel (6,500 Army; 500 Air and Navy; 3,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in January 2022, the Togolese Government announced its intent to boost the size of the FAT to more than 20,000 by 2025"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {

2
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@
"text": "Not available"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the FASTP has approximately 400-500 personnel (2021)"
"text": "the FASTP has approximately 500 personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FASTP is lightly and poorly armed (2021)"

2
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 35,000 active personnel (25,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); est. 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
"text": "approximately 35,000 active duty personnel (25,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); estimated 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Tunisian military's inventory includes mostly older or secondhand US and European equipment; since 2010, the Netherlands and US are the leading suppliers of arms to Tunisia (2022)"

4
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 25,000 active personnel (21,000 Land Forces; 1,000 Naval Forces; 3,000 Air Force) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 25,000 active duty personnel (21,000 Land Forces; 1,000 Naval Forces; 3,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the TPDF inventory includes mostly Soviet-era and Chinese equipment; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of arms to the TPDF (2022)"
@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "126,918 (Burundi), 80,826 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
"text": "126,971 (Burundi), 80,826 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

4
africa/ug.json
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@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 45-50,000 troops, including about 1,000-1,500 air and marine personnel; approximately 20-30,000 personnel in the Local Defense Units (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 50,000 troops, including about 1,000-1,500 air and marine personnel; approximately 20-30,000 personnel in the Local Defense Units (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the UPDF's inventory is mostly older Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a limited mix of more modern Russian- and Western-origin arms; since 2010, Russia is the leading supplier of arms to the UPDF (2021)"
@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "927,823 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 440,365 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 59,197 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,624 (Burundi), 26,108 (Rwanda), 24,631 (Eritrea) (2022)"
"text": "920,768 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 440,365 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 60,394 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,851 (Burundi), 26,108 (Rwanda), 24,631 (Eritrea) (2022)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

6
africa/uv.json
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@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]<br>African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA]<br>Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Eddie KOMBOIGO]<br>Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO]<br>New Alliance of the Faso or NAFA [Mahamoudou DICKO]<br>New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]<br>Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Anatole BONKOUNGOU]<br>Party for Development and Change or PDC [Aziz SEREME]<br>Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Drabo TORO]<br>Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]<br>Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Michel BERE]<br>People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Simon COMPAORE]<br>Rally for Democracy and Socialism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO]<br>Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]<br>Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE]<br>Soleil d’Avenir [Abdoulaye SOMA]<br>Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Diemdioda DICKO]<br>Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]<br>Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Party or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]<br>Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]<br>Youth Alliance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]"
"text": "African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]<br>African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA]<br>Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Eddie KOMBOIGO]<br>Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO]<br>New Alliance of the Faso or NAFA [Rasmane OUEGRAOGO]<br>New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]<br>Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Anatole BONKOUNGOU]<br>Party for Development and Change or PDC [Aziz SEREME]<br>Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Drabo TORO]<br>Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]<br>Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Michel BERE]<br>People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch Marc Christian KABORE]<br>Rally for Democracy and Socialism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO]<br>Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]<br>Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE]<br>Soleil d’Avenir [Abdoulaye SOMA]<br>Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Diemdioda DICKO]<br>Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]<br>Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Party or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]<br>Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]<br>Youth Alliance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 12,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2021)"
"text": "approximately 12,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FABF has a mix of foreign-supplied weapons; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly donated second-hand equipment from a variety of countries (2022)"
@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "650 (plus about 180 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Burkina Faso is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "including the most recent in January 2022, the military has conducted seven coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS, particularly in the northern and eastern regions; in the north, the terrorist group Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; the east is reportedly a stronghold of the Islamic State-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group (2022)"

2
africa/wa.json
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@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 12,500 personnel (11,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 500 Air Force) (2021)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 12,500 personnel (11,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 500 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Namibian Defense Force consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment; China is the leading supplier of weapons to Namibia since 2010 (2021)"

2
africa/wz.json
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@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 3,000 active personnel (2021)"
"text": "approximately 3,000 active duty personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the UEDF is lightly armed with mostly South African material; it has received small amounts of secondhand equipment since 2010 (2021)"

2
africa/za.json
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@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Zambia Defense Force (ZDF) has approximately 17,000 active troops (15,000 Army; 2,000 Air) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 17,000 active troops (15,000 Army; 2,000 Air) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the ZDF's inventory is largely comprised of Chinese, Russian, and Soviet-era armaments; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of arms to Zambia (2021)"

10
australia-oceania/as.json
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@ -1237,7 +1237,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army (includes Special Operations Command), Royal Australian Navy (includes Naval Aviation Force), Royal Australian Air Force (2022)"
"text": "Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the Army includes a Special Operations Command, while the Navy includes a Naval Aviation Force"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1257,7 +1258,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Australian Defense Force has approximately 60,000 total active troops (30,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 60,000 active troops (30,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Australian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2015, the US is the largest supplier of arms; the Australian defense industry produces a variety of land and sea weapons platforms; the defense industry also participates in joint development and production ventures with other Western countries, including the US and Canada (2022)"
@ -1266,8 +1267,11 @@
"text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription (abolished 1973); women allowed to serve in all roles, including combat arms since 2013 (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2020-2021, women comprised nearly 20% of the ADF"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; Australia is also is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily <br><br>Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation <br><br>Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues <br><br>in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy <br><br>since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor (2022)"
"text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; Australia is also a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily <br><br>Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation <br><br>Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues <br><br>in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

4
australia-oceania/bp.json
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@ -544,10 +544,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 3 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)"
"text": "last held on 3 April 2019 (next to be held in April 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 46, women 4, percent of women 8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

2
australia-oceania/fj.json
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@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Republic of Fiji Military Force (RFMF): Land Force Command, Maritime Command; Fiji Police Force (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the RFMF is subordinate to the president as the commander in chief, while the Fiji Police Force reports to the the Ministry of Defense, National Security, and Policing"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the RFMF is subordinate to the president as the commander-in-chief, while the Fiji Police Force reports to the the Ministry of Defense, National Security, and Policing"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {

2
australia-oceania/pc.json
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@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Laura CLARK (since 25 January 2018)"
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Iona THOMAS (since 9 August 2022)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Mayor and Chairman of the Island Council Charlene WARREN-PEU (since 1 January 2020)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json
View file

@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Royal Bahamas Defense Force (RBDF): includes land, air, maritime elements (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Royal Bahamas Police Force maintains internal security; the Defense Force is primarily responsible for external security but also provides security at a detention center for migrants and performs some domestic security functions, such as guarding embassies; both report to the minister of national security"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the RBDF is primarily responsible for external security but also provides security at a detention center for migrants and performs some domestic security functions, such as guarding embassies; the Royal Bahamas Police Force (RBPF) maintains internal security; both the RBDF and the RBPF report to the minister of national security"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 1,500 total personnel (2022)"
"text": "approximately 1,500 active RBDF personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory is supplied by the Netherlands (2022)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json
View file

@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient, but conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1; initial service obligation 12 years (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the BDF was established in 1978 from the disbanded Police Special Force and the Belize Volunteer Guard to assist the resident British forces with the defense of Belize against Guatemala; the BDF traces its history back to the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer force established in 1817</p> <p>the British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence; as of 2022, the presence consisted of a small training support unit that provides jungle training to troops from the UK and international partners</p>"
"text": "<p>the BDF traces its history back to the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer force established in 1817; the BDF was established in 1978 from the disbanded Police Special Force and the Belize Volunteer Guard to assist the resident British forces with the defense of Belize against Guatemala</p> <p>the British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence; as of 2022, the presence consisted of a small training support unit that provides jungle training to troops from the UK and international partners</p>"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json
View file

@ -471,7 +471,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Alden MCLAUGHLIN]<br>Cayman Democratic Party or CDP [McKeeva BUSH]"
"text": "Cayman Islands Peoples Party or CIPP [Ezzard MILLER]<br>People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Roy McTAGGART]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json
View file

@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic: Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG, includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2022)",
"text": "Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic: Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in addition to the military, the Ministry of Armed Forces directs the Airport Security Authority and Civil Aviation, Port Security Authority, the Tourist Security Corps, and Border Security Corps; the National Police (Policia Nacional) are under the Ministry of Interior"
},
"Military expenditures": {

2
central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json
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@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@
"text": "not available"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 1,200 FAdH troops (the force is planned to eventually have around 5,000 personnel); approximately 16,000 National Police (2022)"
"text": "approximately 1,200 active military troops (the force is planned to eventually have around 5,000 personnel); approximately 16,000 National Police (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "not available"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The island - discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 - was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th century. The native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica for centuries, were gradually exterminated and replaced by African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 and established a plantation economy based on sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The abolition of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter million slaves, many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain. In 1958, it joined other British Caribbean colonies in forming the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica withdrew from the Federation in 1961 and gained full independence in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence as rival gangs affiliated with the major political parties evolved into powerful organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering. Violent crime, drug trafficking, corruption, the COVID-19 pandemic, and poverty pose significant challenges to the government today. Nonetheless, many rural and resort areas remain relatively safe and contribute substantially to the economy."
"text": "The island - \"discovered\" by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 - was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th century. The Native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica for centuries, were gradually exterminated and replaced by African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 and established a plantation economy based on sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The abolition of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter million slaves, many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain. In 1958, it joined other British Caribbean colonies in forming the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica withdrew from the Federation in 1961 and gained full independence in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence as rival gangs affiliated with the major political parties evolved into powerful organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering. Violent crime, drug trafficking, corruption, the COVID-19 pandemic, and poverty pose significant challenges to the government today. Nonetheless, many rural and resort areas remain relatively safe and contribute substantially to the economy."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 4,000 total active personnel (2022)"
"text": "approximately 4,000 active duty personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Jamaica Defense Force is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring equipment mostly from Europe and the US (2022)"

10
central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json
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@ -495,7 +495,7 @@
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Samuel W.T. SEATON (since 2 September 2015); note - SEATON was Acting Governor General from 20 May to 2 September 2015"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Timothy HARRIS (since 18 February 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Shawn RICHARDS (since 22 February 2015)"
"text": "Prime Minister Dr. Terrance DREW (since 6 August 2022); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Geoffrey HANLEY (since 13 August 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by governor general in consultation with prime minister"
@ -509,10 +509,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly (14 or 15 seats, depending on inclusion of attorney general; 11 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 3 appointed by the governor general - 2 on the advice of the prime minister and the third on the advice of the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 5 June 2020 (next to be held on 2025)"
"text": "last held on 5 August 2022 (next to be held on 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Team Unity (PAM, CCM,PLP) 56.4%, SKNLP 34.5%, NRP 9%; seats by party - PAM 4, SKNLP&nbsp;2, CCM 3, PLP 2"
"text": "percent of vote by party - SKNLP 44.4%, PLP 16.1%, PAM 16.2%, CCM 12.7%; seats by party - SKNLP 6, CCM 3, PLP 1, CCM 1"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Mark BRANTLEY]<br>Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]<br>People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]<br>People's Labour Party or PLP [Dr. Timothy HARRIS]<br>Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]"
"text": "Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Mark BRANTLEY]<br>Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Janice DANIEL-HODGE]<br>People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]<br>People's Labour Party or PLP [Dr. Timothy HARRIS]<br>Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Terrance DREW]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO"
@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@
"text": "Ministry of National Security: St. Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (SKNDF), St. Kitts and Nevis Coast Guard, the Royal St. Christopher and Nevis Police Force (includes a paramilitary Special Services Unit) (2022)"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the SKNDF has approximately 400 personnel (2021)"
"text": "the SKNDF has approximately 400 personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SKNDF is lightly armed with equipment from Belgium, the UK, and the US (2021)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json
View file

@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "National Democratic Party or NDP [Myron WALWYN]<br>People's Empowerment Party or PEP [Alvin CHRISTOPHER]<br>Progressive Virgin Islands Movement or PVIM [Ronnie SKELTON]<br>Progressives United or PU [Julian FRASER]<br>Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Andrew FAHIE]"
"text": "National Democratic Party or NDP [Marlon PENN]<br>Progressive Virgin Islands Movement or PVIM [Ronnie SKELTON]<br>Progressives United or PU [Julian FRASER]<br>Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Natalio WHEATLEY]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, OECS, UNESCO (associate), UPU"

4
central-asia/rs.json
View file

@ -684,7 +684,7 @@
"text": "Ambassador John J. SULLIVAN (since 5 February 2021)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Bolshoy Deviatinsky Pereulok No. 8, Moscow 121099"
"text": "<small>55,75566° N, 37,58028° E</small>"
},
"mailing address": {
"text": "5430 Moscow Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-5430"
@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 850,000 total active duty troops (300,000 Ground Troops; 40,000 Airborne Troops; 150,000 Navy; 160,000 Aerospace Forces; 70,000 Strategic Rocket Forces; approximately 20,000 special operations forces; approximately 100,000 other uniformed personnel (command and control, cyber, support, logistics, security, etc.); estimated 200-250,000 Federal National Guard Troops (2021)"
"text": "information varies; prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, approximately 850,000 active duty troops (300,000 Ground Troops; 40,000 Airborne Troops; 150,000 Navy; 160,000 Aerospace Forces; 70,000 Strategic Rocket Forces; approximately 20,000 special operations forces; approximately 100,000 other uniformed personnel (command and control, cyber, support, logistics, security, etc.); estimated 200-250,000 Federal National Guard Troops (Feb 2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically-produced weapons systems, although since 2010 Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from several countries, including Czechia, France, Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2021)"

2
central-asia/ti.json
View file

@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 9,500 active troops (8,000 Land and Mobile Forces; 1,500 Air and Air Defense Forces) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 9,500 active duty troops (8,000 Land and Mobile Forces; 1,500 Air and Air Defense Forces) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Tajikistan Armed Forces' inventory is comprised of older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; it has received limited quantities of weapons systems since 2010, most of which was second-hand material from Russia (2021)"

2
central-asia/tx.json
View file

@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; estimated 30,000 active troops (est. 25,000 National Army; 1,000 Navy; 4,000 Air and Air Defense Forces) (2022)"
"text": "information varies; estimated 30,000 active duty troops (25,000 National Army; 1,000 Navy; 4,000 Air and Air Defense Forces) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory for Turkmenistan's military is comprised largely of older Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, however, it has attempted to diversify and purchased equipment from more than a dozen countries, with Turkey as the top supplier (2022)"

2
central-asia/uz.json
View file

@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 60,000 total active troops, including 10-15,000 Air Force (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 60,000 active duty troops, including 10-15,000 Air Force (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms, followed by China (2022)"

4
east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json
View file

@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Arakan National Party or ANP [THAR TUN HLA]<br>Democratic Party or DP [U THU WAI]<br>Kayah State Democratic Party or KySDP <br>Kayin People's Party or KPP [TUN AUNG MYINT]<br>Kokang Democracy and Unity Party or KDUP [LUO XINGGUANG]<br>La Hu National Development Party or LHNDP [KYA HAR SHAL]<br>Lisu National Development Party or LNDP [U ARKI DAW]<br>Mon Unity Party (formed in 2019 from the All Mon Region Democracy Party and Mon National Party)<br>National Democratic Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE]<br>National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SAN SUU KYI]<br>National Unity Party or NUP [U HAN SHWE]<br>Pa-O National Organization or PNO [AUNG KHAM HTI]<br>People's Party [KO KO GYI]<br>Shan Nationalities Democratic Party or SNDP [SAI AI PAO]<br>Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO]<br>Ta'ang National Party or TNP [AIK MONE]<br>Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party or TNDP [ U SAI HTAY AUNG]<br>Union Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [THAN HTAY]<br>Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State or UDPKS [U KHAT HTEIN NAN]<br>Wa Democratic Party or WDP [KHUN HTUN LU]<br>Wa National Unity Party or WNUP [NYI PALOTE]<br>Zomi Congress for Democracy or ZCD [PU CIN SIAN THANG]<br>numerous smaller parties"
"text": "Arakan National Party or ANP [THAR TUN HLA]<br>Democratic Party or DP [U THU WAI]<br>Kayah State Democratic Party or KySDP <br>Kayin People's Party or KPP [TUN AUNG MYINT]<br>Kokang Democracy and Unity Party or KDUP [LUO XINGGUANG]<br>La Hu National Development Party or LHNDP [KYA HAR SHAL]<br>Lisu National Development Party or LNDP [U ARKI DAW]<br>Mon Unity Party (formed in 2019 from the All Mon Region Democracy Party and Mon National Party)<br>National Democratic Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE]<br>National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SAN SUU KYI]<br>National Unity Party or NUP [U HAN SHWE]<br>Pa-O National Organization or PNO [AUNG KHAM HTI]<br>People's Party [KO KO GYI]<br>Shan Nationalities Democratic Party or SNDP [SAI AI PAO]<br>Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD <br>Ta'ang National Party or TNP [AIK MONE]<br>Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party or TNDP [ U SAI HTAY AUNG]<br>Union Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [THAN HTAY]<br>Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State or UDPKS [U KHAT HTEIN NAN]<br>Wa Democratic Party or WDP [KHUN HTUN LU]<br>Wa National Unity Party or WNUP [NYI PALOTE]<br>Zomi Congress for Democracy or ZCD [PU CIN SIAN THANG]<br>numerous smaller parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, CP, EAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@
"text": "18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for voluntary military service; no conscription (a 2010 law reintroducing conscription has not yet entered into force); 2-year service obligation; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be stretched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)<br><br>as of 2022, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations <br><br>as of 2022, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell a growing armed insurgency against the coup and operations against ethnic-based separatist groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement</p> <p>ethnic-based armed groups have been fighting for self-rule against the Burmese Government since the country’s 1948 independence; as of 2022, there were approximately 20 such groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled an estimated one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army</p> <p>as of 2022, Burma also had a large number of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-military junta and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-military government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; as of 2022, the military junta government was reportedly raising new militia units to help combat the popular uprising<br><br>more than 400 local anti-military junta armed groups have reportedly formed since the military coup; in mid-2022, the National Unity Government claimed its armed wing, the People's Defense Force (PDF) had more than 60,000 fighters organized into battalions; in addition, several armed ethnic groups have added their support to anti-junta resistance groups or joined forces with local units of the PDF</p> <p><br><br></p>"
"text": "<p>since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)<br><br>as of 2022, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations <br><br>as of 2022, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell a growing armed insurgency against the coup and operations against ethnic-based separatist groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement</p> <p>ethnic-based armed groups have been fighting for self-rule against the Burmese Government since the country’s 1948 independence; as of 2022, there were approximately 20 such groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled an estimated one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army</p> <p>as of 2022, Burma also had a large number of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-military junta and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-military government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; as of 2022, the military junta government was reportedly raising new militia units to help combat the popular uprising<br><br>more than 400 local anti-military junta armed groups have reportedly formed since the military coup; in mid-2022, the National Unity Government claimed its armed wing, the People's Defense Force (PDF), had more than 60,000 fighters organized into battalions; in addition, several armed ethnic groups have added their support to anti-junta resistance groups or joined forces with local units of the PDF</p> <p><br><br></p>"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

11
east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json
View file

@ -622,8 +622,8 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Cambodian People's Party or CPP [HUN SEN]<br>National United Front for Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM CHAKRAVUTH]<br>League for Democracy Party or LDP [KHEM Veasna]<br>Khmer Will Party [KONG MONIKA]<br>Khmer National Unity Party or KNUP (an offshoot of FUNCINPEC) [NHEK BUN CHHAY]<br>Candlelight Party or CP (the latest incarnation of the Sam <u>Rainsy</u> Party or SRP and the former Human Rights Party or HRP, which joined to form the Cambodia National Rescue Party or CNRP in 2012; the CNRP was dissolved in 2017) <br><br>Other minor parties that registered for the 2022 commune-level elections included: Cambodia National Love Party, Cambodia Nationality Party, Cambodian Youth Party, Khmer Will Party, Cambodia Reform Party, Kampucheaniyum Party, Grassroots Democratic Party, Khmer United Party, Beehive Social Democratic Party, Cambodia Indigenous People's Democracy Party, Ekpheap Cheat Khmer Party, Reaksmey Khemara Party, Khmer Economic Development Party (2022)<br><br>note(s) - following the 2017 commune election, the CPP-led government arrested the CNRP president Kem SOKHA for treason, dissolved the party on similar grounds, and forced most of its senior leadership into exile, where the party’s former president, Sam RAINSY, had been living since late 2015; as of March 2022, a total of 17 political parties had registered to run in the June 2022 commune-level elections, and opposition parties, particularly the Candlelight Party, continued to report, intimidation, harassment, and arrests by the Cambodian Government",
"note": "note(s) - following the 2017 commune election, the CPP-led government arrested the CNRP president Kem SOKHA for treason, dissolved the party on similar grounds, and forced most of its senior leadership into exile, where the party&rsquo;s former president, Sam RAINSY, had been living since late 2015; as of March 2022, a total of 17 political parties had registered to run in the June 2022 commune-level elections, and opposition parties, particularly the Candlelight Party, continued to report, intimidation, harassment, and arrests by the Cambodian Government"
"text": "Cambodian People's Party or CPP [HUN SEN]<br>National United Front for Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM CHAKRAVUTH]<br>League for Democracy Party or LDP [KHEM Veasna]<br>Khmer Will Party [KONG MONIKA]<br>Khmer National Unity Party or KNUP (an offshoot of FUNCINPEC) [NHEK BUN CHHAY]<br>Candlelight Party or CP (the latest incarnation of the Sam <u>Rainsy</u> Party or SRP and the former Human Rights Party or HRP, which joined to form the Cambodia National Rescue Party or CNRP in 2012; the CNRP was dissolved in 2017) <br><br>Other minor parties that registered for the 2022 commune-level elections included: Cambodia National Love Party, Cambodia Nationality Party, Cambodian Youth Party, Cambodia Reform Party, Kampucheaniyum Party, Grassroots Democratic Party, Khmer United Party, Beehive Social Democratic Party, Cambodia Indigenous People's Democracy Party, Ekpheap Cheat Khmer Party, Reaksmey Khemara Party, Khmer Economic Development Party (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note(s):</strong> following the 2017 commune election, the CPP-led government arrested the CNRP president Kem SOKHA for treason, dissolved the party on similar grounds, and forced most of its senior leadership into exile, where the party’s former president, Sam RAINSY, had been living since late 2015; as of March 2022, a total of 17 political parties had registered to run in the June 2022 commune-level elections, and opposition parties, particularly the Candlelight Party, continued to report, intimidation, harassment, and arrests by the Cambodian Government"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MINUSMA, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie; the National Committee for Maritime Security (performs Coast Guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies); Ministry of Interior: Cambodian National Police (2022)"
"text": "Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie; the National Committee for Maritime Security (performs Coast Guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies); Ministry of Interior: Cambodian National Police (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1248,10 +1248,11 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 110,000 total active troops including about 3,000 Navy and 1,000 Air Force; est. 10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 110,000 total active troops including about 3,000 Navy and 1,000 Air Force; approximately 10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces are armed largely with older Chinese and Russian-origin equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of more modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, particularly China (2022)"
"text": "the RCAF is armed largely with older Chinese and Russian-origin equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of more modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, particularly China (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in December 2021, the US Government halted arms-related trade with Cambodia, citing deepening Chinese military influence, corruption, and human rights abuses by the government and armed forces; the policy of denial applied to licenses or other approvals for exports and imports of defense articles and defense services destined for or originating in Cambodia, with exceptions (on a case-by-case basis) related to conventional weapons destruction and humanitarian demining activities"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (conscription only selectively enforced since 1993); women may volunteer (2021)",

4
east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json
View file

@ -554,13 +554,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (104 seats; 93 members directly elected by popular vote, up to 9 nominated by a parliamentary selection committee and appointed by the president, and up to 12 non-constituency members from opposition parties to ensure political diversity; members serve 5-year terms); note - the number of nominated members increased to 12 for the 2020 election for the first time (2021)"
"text": "unicameral Parliament (104 seats statutory, 103 current term; 93 members directly elected by simple majority popular vote, up to 9 nominated by a parliamentary selection committee and appointed by the president, and up to 12 non-constituency members from opposition parties to ensure political diversity; members serve 5-year terms); note - the number of nominated members increased to 12 for the 2020 election for the first time (2021)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 10 July 2020 (next must be held by 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PAP 61.2%, WP 11.2%, PSP 10.2%; seats by party - PAP 83, WP 10, PSP 2; composition - men 79, women 25, percent of women 24%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PAP 89.2%, WP 10.6%, other 0.2%; seats by party - PAP 83, WP 10; composition of total Parliament - men 73, women 30, percent of women 29.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json
View file

@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; aka Vietnam People's Army, VPA): Ground Forces, Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force and Air Defense, Border Defense Force, and Vietnam Coast Guard; Vietnam People's Public Security Ministry; Vietnam Civil Defense Force (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Public Security Ministry is responsible for internal security and controls the national police, a special national security investigative agency, and other internal security units<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Vietnam Coast Guard was established in 1998 as the Vietnam Marine Police and renamed in 2013; Vietnam officially established a maritime self-defense force (civilian militia) in 2010 after the National Assembly passed the Law on Militia and Self-Defense Forces in 2009; the Vietnam Fisheries Resources Surveillance (VFRS), established in 2013, is responsible for patrolling, monitoring for fishing violations, and carrying out fishery inspections; it is armed, allowed to use force if necessary, and works in tandem with the Vietnam Coast Guard"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Public Security Ministry is responsible for internal security and controls the national police, a special national security investigative agency, and other internal security units, including specialized riot police regiments<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Vietnam Coast Guard was established in 1998 as the Vietnam Marine Police and renamed in 2013; Vietnam officially established a maritime self-defense force (civilian militia) in 2010 after the National Assembly passed the Law on Militia and Self-Defense Forces in 2009; the Vietnam Fisheries Resources Surveillance (VFRS), established in 2013, is responsible for patrolling, monitoring for fishing violations, and carrying out fishery inspections; it is armed, allowed to use force if necessary, and works in tandem with the Vietnam Coast Guard"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {

2
europe/al.json
View file

@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2020, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel, including 20% of the officers"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Albania officially became a member of NATO in 2009; as of 2022, Greece and Italy were providing NATO's air policing mission for Albania"
"text": "Albania became a member of NATO in 2009; as of 2022, Greece and Italy were providing NATO's air policing mission for Albania"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

6
europe/au.json
View file

@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.78 billion)"
@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 25,000 total active duty personnel (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 25,000 active duty personnel (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Austrian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons systems from European countries and the US; the Austrian defense industry produces a range of equipment and partners with other countries (2021)"
@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 77,960 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 77,301 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/be.json
View file

@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have approximately 25,000 active duty personnel (10,000 Land Component; 1,500 Marine Component; 5,000 Air Force Component; 1,500 Medical Service; 7,000 other, including joint staff, support, and training schools) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 25,000 active duty personnel (10,000 Land Component; 1,500 Marine Component; 5,000 Air Force Component; 1,500 Medical Service; 7,000 other, including joint staff, support, and training schools) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have a mix of weapons systems from European countries, Israel, and the US; since 2010, several European nations are the leading suppliers of armaments; Belgium has an export-focused defense industry that focuses on components and subcontracting (2021)"
@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 53,108 (Ukraine) (as of 3 August 2022)"
"text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 52,557 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,159 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/bk.json
View file

@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]<br>Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]<br>Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC] (merged with Independent Bosnian Herzegovinian List to form NES)<br>Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC]<br>Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]<br>Croatian Democratic Union or HDU [Miro GRABOVAC-TITAN]<br>Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]<br>Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Ilija CVITANOVIC]<br>Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP-AS Bih [Stanko PRIMORAC]<br>Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Nedeljko CUBRILOVIC]<br>Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]<br>Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Nenad NESIC]<br>Independent Bloc or NB [Senad SEPIC]<br>Movement for Democratic Action or PDA [Mirsad KUKIC]<br>National Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC]<br>Our Party or NS/HC [Edin FORTO]<br>Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]<br>Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]<br>People and Justice Party or NiP [Elmedin KONAKOVIC]<br>People's European Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or NES [Nermin OGRESEVIC]<br>Progressive Srpska or NS [Goran DORDIC]<br>Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mirko SAROVIC]<br>Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Vojislav SESELJ] (merged with PDP)<br>Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Petar DOKIC]<br>United Srpska or US [Nenad STEVANDIC]"
"text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]<br>Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]<br>Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC] (merged with Independent Bosnian Herzegovinian List to form NES)<br>Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC]<br>Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivanka BARIC]<br>Croatian Democratic Union or HDU [Miro GRABOVAC-TITAN]<br>Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]<br>Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Ilija CVITANOVIC]<br>Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP-AS Bih [Stanko PRIMORAC]<br>Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Nedeljko CUBRILOVIC]<br>Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]<br>Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Nenad NESIC]<br>Independent Bloc or NB [Senad SEPIC]<br>Movement for Democratic Action or PDA [Elzina PIRIC]<br>National Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC]<br>Our Party or NS/HC [Edin FORTO]<br>Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]<br>Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]<br>People and Justice Party or NiP [Elmedin KONAKOVIC]<br>People's European Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or NES [Nermin OGRESEVIC]<br>Progressive Srpska or NS [Goran DORDIC]<br>Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mirko SAROVIC]<br>Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Vojislav SESELJ] (merged with PDP)<br>Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Petar DOKIC]<br>United Srpska or US [Nenad STEVANDIC]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"

6
europe/bo.json
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@ -1229,14 +1229,14 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 45,000 active duty troops; information on the individual services varies, but probably includes about 25,000 Army, 15,000 Air/Air Defense, and 5,000 Special Operations forces (2021)"
"text": "approximately 45,000 active duty troops; information on the individual services varies, but reportedly includes about 25,000 Army, 15,000 Air/Air Defense, and 5,000 Special Operations forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Belarus Armed Forces is comprised mostly of Russian/Soviet-origin equipment, and since 2010 Russia is the leading provider of arms; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment (mostly modernized Soviet designs), including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military or alternative service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications, and 24-36 months for alternative service, depending on academic qualifications; 17-year-olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> conscripts can be assigned to the military, as well as the Ministry of Interior as internal or border troops; as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 40% of the military"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> conscripts can be assigned to the military or to the Ministry of Interior as internal or border troops; as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 40% of the military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia is the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory during its invasion of Ukraine<br><br>Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR)</p>"
@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "10,857 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)"
"text": "11,121 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)"

6
europe/bu.json
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@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Agrarian People's Union or ZNS [Roumen YONCHEV]<br>Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Dimitar DELCHEV]<br>Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union or BZNS [Nikolay NENCHEV]<br>Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Korneliya NINOVA] (alliance of BSP, PKT, New Dawn, Ecoglasnost)<br>Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV] (alliance with SDS) <br>Democratic Bulgaria or DB (alliance of Yes! Bulgaria, DSB, and The Greens) [Atanas ATANASOV, Hristo IVANOV]<br>Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Atanas ATANASOV]<br>Ecoglasnost [Emil GEORGIEV]<br>Green Movement or The Greens [Borislav SANDOV, Vladislav PENEV]<br>Middle European Class or SEC [Konstantin BACHIISKI]<br>Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Mustafa KARADAYI]<br>Movement 21 or D21 [Tatyana DONCHEVA]<br>New Dawn [Mincho MINCHEV]<br>Political Club Thrace or PKT [Stefan NACHEZ]<br>Political Movement \"Social Democrats\" or PDS  [Elena NONEVA]<br>Revival [Kostadin KOSTADINOV]<br>Stand Up.BG or IS.BG [Maya MONOLOVA]<br>Stand Up.BG, We Are Coming! or IBG-NI (coalition of IS.BG, D21, DBG, ENP, and ZNS) [Maya MONOLOVA, Nikolay HADZHIGENOV]<br>There is Such a People or ITN [SLAVI TRIFONOV]<br>United People's Party or ENP [Valentina VASILEVA-FILADELFEVS]<br>Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Rumen HRISTOV] (alliance with GERB) <br>Yes! Bulgaria [Hristo IVANOV]<br>Volt Bulgaria or Volt [Nastimir ANANIEV]<br>We Continue the Change of PP (electoral alliance of PP, PDS, SEC, and Volt) [Kiril PETKOV and Asen VASILEV]"
"text": "Agrarian People's Union or ZNS [Roumen YONCHEV]<br>Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Dimitar DELCHEV]<br>Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union or BZNS [Nikolay NENCHEV]<br>Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Korneliya NINOVA] (alliance of BSP, PKT, New Dawn, Ecoglasnost)<br>Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV] (alliance with SDS) <br>Democratic Bulgaria or DB (alliance of Yes! Bulgaria, DSB, and The Greens) [Atanas ATANASOV, Hristo IVANOV]<br>Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Atanas ATANASOV]<br>Ecoglasnost [Emil GEORGIEV]<br>Green Movement or The Greens [Borislav SANDOV, Vladislav PENEV]<br>Middle European Class or SEC [Konstantin BACHIISKI]<br>Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Mustafa KARADAYI]<br>Movement 21 or D21 [Tatyana DONCHEVA]<br>New Dawn [Mincho MINCHEV]<br>Political Club Thrace or PKT [Stefan NACHEZ]<br>Political Movement \"Social Democrats\" or PDS  [Elena NONEVA]<br>Revival [Kostadin KOSTADINOV]<br>Stand Up.BG or IS.BG [Maya MONOLOVA]<br>Stand Up.BG, We Are Coming! or IBG-NI [Maya MONOLOVA, Nikolay HADZHIGENOV] (coalition of IS.BG, D21, DBG, ENP, and ZNS)<br>There is Such a People or ITN [Slavi TRIFONOV]<br>United People's Party or ENP [Valentina VASILEVA-FILADELFEVS]<br>Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Rumen HRISTOV] (alliance with GERB) <br>Yes! Bulgaria [Hristo IVANOV]<br>Volt Bulgaria or Volt [Nastimir ANANIEV]<br>We Continue the Change of PP [Kiril PETKOV and Asen VASILEV] (electoral alliance of PP, PDS, SEC, and Volt)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2021, women comprised about 17% of the Bulgarian military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Bulgaria officially became a member of NATO in 2004; Bulgaria conducts its own air policing mission, but because of Russian aggression in the Black Sea region, NATO allies have sent detachments of fighters to augment the Bulgarian Air Force since 2014 (2022)"
"text": "Bulgaria became a member of NATO in 2004; Bulgaria conducts its own air policing mission, but because of Russian aggression in the Black Sea region, NATO allies have sent detachments of fighters to augment the Bulgarian Air Force since 2014 (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 85,119 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 86,489 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,143 (mid-year 2021)"

6
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@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF, includes Army Land Forces, Naval Command, Air Command) (2022)"
"text": "Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF; includes Army Land Forces, Naval Command, Air Command) (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 12,846 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 13,113 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)"
@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "66 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 40,472 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 41,908 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>vulnerable to money laundering from illegal drugs</p> <p> </p>"

2
europe/da.json
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@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 32,400 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 32,689 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/ei.json
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@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "43,521 (Ukraine) (as of 3 August 2022)"
"text": "44,365 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "107 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/en.json
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@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "48,359 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "49,471 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"

2
europe/ez.json
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@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "404,839 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "409,008 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,498 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/fi.json
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@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 30,372 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 30,372 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/fr.json
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@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in 2019, women comprised approximately approximately 16% of the uniformed armed forces  <br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign 5-year contracts"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 4,000 Burkina Faso/Chad/Mali/Niger (Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre; note - in 2021, France announced that it would cut the number of troops from this force to about 2,500 by 2023; in 2022, France said it would move the troops in Mali--about 2,400--to other west African countries); approximately 300 Central African Republic; approximately 900 Cote D'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; 550 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2022)",
"text": "approximately 4,000 Burkina Faso/Chad/Niger (Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre; note - in 2021, France announced that it would cut the number of troops in this force to about 2,500 by 2023); approximately 300 Central African Republic; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote D'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; 550 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992 <br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
},
"Military - note": {
@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "37,744 (Afghanistan), 23,980 (Sri Lanka), 23,510 (Syria), 21,070 (Sudan), 19,007 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 16,995 (Russia), 15,090 (Guinea), 14,296 (Serbia and Kosovo), 13,180 (Turkey), 10,849 (Cambodia), 9,328 (Iraq) 8,519 (China), 8,338 (Cote d'Ivoire), 8,218 (Eritrea), 7,628 (Vietnam), 6,947 (Bangladesh), 6,649 (Somalia), 6,642 (Albania), 6,371 (Laos), 6,074 (Mauritania), 5,908 (Mali) (mid-year 2021); 92,156 (Ukraine) (as of 18 July 2022)"
"text": "37,744 (Afghanistan), 23,980 (Sri Lanka), 23,510 (Syria), 21,070 (Sudan), 19,007 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 16,995 (Russia), 15,090 (Guinea), 14,296 (Serbia and Kosovo), 13,180 (Turkey), 10,849 (Cambodia), 9,328 (Iraq) 8,519 (China), 8,338 (Cote d'Ivoire), 8,218 (Eritrea), 7,628 (Vietnam), 6,947 (Bangladesh), 6,649 (Somalia), 6,642 (Albania), 6,371 (Laos), 6,074 (Mauritania), 5,908 (Mali) (mid-year 2021); 96,520 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,094 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/gr.json
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@ -1256,12 +1256,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 18,043 (Ukraine) (as of 31 July 2022)"
"text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 18,045 (Ukraine) (as of 7 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,552 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,221,504 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,221,800 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"

4
europe/hr.json
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@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH): Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM, includes Coast Guard), Air Force and Air Defense Forces; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2022)"
"text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH): Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes Coast Guard), Air Force and Air Defense Forces; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2022)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,911 (Ukraine) (as of 26 July 2022)"
"text": "16,829 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,910 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/hu.json
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@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "27,861 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
"text": "27,861 (Ukraine) (as of 11 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "130 (mid-year 2021)"

6
europe/it.json
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@ -574,12 +574,12 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:<br>Senate or Senato della Repubblica (320 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 5 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held on 25 September 2022)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held on 25 September 2022); note - snap elections were called when Prime Minister DRAGHI resigned and the parliament was dissolved on 21 July 2022"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - center-right coalition 137 (Lega 58, FI 57, FdI 18, NCI-UDC 4), M5S 111, center-left coalition 60 (PD 53, SVP-PATT 3, CP 1, +EU 1, Together 1, VdAI 1), LeU 4, MAIE 1, USEI 1; composition (as of March 2022) - men 208, women 112, percent of women 35%<br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - center-right coalition 265 (Lega 125, FI 104, FdI 32, NcI-UDC 4), M5S 227, center-left coalition 122 (PD 112, SVP-PATT 4, +EU 3, CP 2, Together 1), LeU 14, MAIE 1,USEI 1; composition (as of September 2021) - men 401, women 229, percent of women 36.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.9%"
},
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the 2023 election"
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the September 2022 snap election"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 632,625 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 635,754 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe"

4
europe/kv.json
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@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Kosovo Security Force (KSF): Land Force Command; Logistics Command; Doctrine and Training Command; National Guard Command (2022)",
"text": "Kosovo Security Force (KSF; Forca e Sigurisë së Kosovës or FSK): Land Force Command; Logistics Command; Doctrine and Training Command; National Guard Command (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2022, the Kosovo Government continued the process of transitioning the KSF into a multi-ethnic territorial defense force, in accordance with a 10-year plan which began in 2019"
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) has approximately 3,500 personnel; note - Kosovo plans for the KSF to eventually number around 5,000 troops (2021)"
"text": "approximately 3,500 KSF personnel; note - Kosovo plans for the KSF to eventually number around 5,000 troops (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2021)"

4
europe/lg.json
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@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Development/For! or AP! [Daniels PAVLUTS, Juris PUCE]<br>National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Raivis DZINTARS] New Conservative Party or JKP [Janis BORDANS]<br>Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or S [Janis URBANOVICS] <br>Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Armands KRAUZE] <br>New Unity or JV [Arvils ASERADENS]<br>Who Owns the State? or KPV LV (disbanded 2021)"
"text": "Development/For! or AP! [Daniels PAVLUTS, Juris PUCE]<br>For a Humane Latvia previously known as Who Owns the State? or PCL [Jurgis MIEZAINIS]<br>National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Raivis DZINTARS] <br>New Conservative Conservative Party or K [Janis BORDANS]<br>New Unity or JV [Arvils ASERADENS]<br>Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or S [Janis URBANOVICS] <br>Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Armands KRAUZE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "35,730 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "36,161 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "209,168 (mid-year 2021); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"

4
europe/lh.json
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@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI]<br>Farmers and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS]<br>Freedom Party or LP [Ausrine ARMONAITE]<br>Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS]<br>Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]<br>Lithuanian Center Party or LCP [Naglis PUTEIKIS]<br>Lithuanian Green Party or LZP [Remigijus LAPINSKAS]]<br>Lithuanian Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Viktorija CMILYTE]<br>Lithuanian List or LL [Darius KUOLYS]<br>Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Gintautas PALUCKAS]<br>Lithuanian Social Democratic Labor Party or LSDDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]<br>Freedom and Justice Party or LT [Remigijus ZEMAITAITIS]"
"text": "Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI]<br>Freedom and Justice Party or LT [Remigijus ZEMAITAITIS]<br>Freedom Party or LP [Ausrine ARMONAITE]<br>Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS]<br>Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]<br>Lithuanian Center Party or LCP [Naglis PUTEIKIS]<br>Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS]<br>Lithuanian Green Party or LZP [Remigijus LAPINSKAS]]<br>Lithuanian Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Viktorija CMILYTE]<br>Lithuanian List or LL [Darius KUOLYS]<br>Lithuanian Social Democratic Labor Party or LSDDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]<br>Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Gintautas PALUCKAS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "60,755 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "61,847 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,721 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -564,10 +564,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 29 February 2020 (next to be held March 2024)"
"text": "last held on 29 February 2020 (next to be held in February 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina 8.2%, LSNS 8%, PS-SPOLU 7%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi 5.8%, other 21.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12, PS-SPOLU 0; composition - men 120, women 30, percent of women 20%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina 8.2%, LSNS 8%, PS-SPOLU 7%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi 5.8%, other 21.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12, PS-SPOLU 0; composition (as of mid-2022) - men 118, women 32, percent of women 21.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

2
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "5,984 (Ukraine) (as of 3 August 2022)"
"text": "5,984 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "194 (mid-year 2021)"

6
europe/md.json
View file

@ -588,7 +588,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p><strong>represented in Parliament:</strong> <br>Action and Solidarity Party or PAS [Igor GROSU]<br>Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]<br>Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [vacant] <br>Shor Party or SHOR [Ilan SHOR]<br><strong>not represented in Parliament, participated in recent elections (2014-2021):</strong> <br>Alliance for the Unification of Romanians or AUR [George SIMION]<br>Anti-Mafia Movement or MPA [Sergiu MOCANU]<br>Centrist Union of Moldova or UCM [Mihai PETRACHE]<br>Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Victor CIOBANU]<br>Civic Congress Party [Mark TKACIUK]<br>Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA]<br>Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Monica BABUC (acting)]<br>Democracy at Home Party or PDA [Vasile COSTIUC]<br>Democratic Action Party or PAD [Mihai GODEA]<br>Dignity and Truth Platform or PPDA [Andrei NASTASE]<br>Ecologist Green Party or PVE [Anatolie PROHNITCHI]<br>European People’s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA]<br>Law and Justice Party or PLD [Nicolae ALEXEI]<br>Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Tudor DELIU]<br>Liberal Party or PL [Dorin CHIRTOACA]<br>\"Motherland\" Party or PP [Sergiu BIRIUCOV]<br>National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]<br>New Historical Option or NOI [Svetlana CHESARI]<br>Our Home Moldova or PCNM [Grigore PETRENCO]<br>Our Party or PN [Renato USATII]<br>Party of Development and Consolidation of Moldova or PDCM [Ion CHICU]<br>Party of National Unity [Anatol SALARU]<br>People’s Party of Moldova or PPRM [Alexandru OLEINIC]<br>Power of the People Party [Ruslan CODREANU]<br>Regions Party of Moldova or PRM [Alexandr KALININ]<br>Socialist People’s Party of Moldova or PPSM [Victor STEPANIUC]<br>We Build Europe at Home Party or PACE [Gheorghe CAVCALIUC]</p>"
"text": "<p><strong>represented in Parliament:</strong> <br>Party of Action and Solidarity or PAS [Igor GROSU]<br>Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists or BCS [Vlad BATRINCEA, PSRM and Vladimir VORONIN, PCRM]<br>SOR Party or PS [Ilan SHOR]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 6,000 active troops (2021)"
"text": "approximately 6,500 active troops (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Moldovan military's inventory is limited and almost entirely comprised of older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2000, it has received small amounts of donated material from other nations, including the US (2021)"
@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "89,302 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)"
"text": "89,302 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,372 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -1255,12 +1255,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,764 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "9,614 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "458 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 23,141 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 23,352 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets</p>"

2
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "553 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 536,103 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 539,091 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement"

2
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "11 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 8,153 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-June 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 8,154 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-July 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe"

2
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Military Constabulary) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Netherlands Coast Guard and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard are civilian in nature, but managed by the Royal Netherlands Navy"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Netherlands Coast Guard and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard are civilian in nature but managed by the Royal Netherlands Navy"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {

2
europe/no.json
View file

@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 22,085 (Ukraine) (as of 2 August 2022)"
"text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 22,688 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "4,154 (mid-year 2021)"

6
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Civic Coalition or KO [Donald TUSK]<br>Confederation Liberty and Independence or KWiN [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE, Robert WINNICKI, Grzegorz BRAUN]<br>New Left [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY]<br>German Minority or MN [Ryszard GALLA]<br>Kukiz 15 or K15 [Pawel KUKIZ]<br>Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]<br>TERAZ! (NOW!) [Ryszard PETRU]<br>Nowoczesna (Modern) or N [Adam SZLAPKA]<br>Poland 2050 or PL2050 [Szymon HOLOWNIA]<br>Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ]<br>Razem (Together) [collective leadership]"
"text": "Civic Coalition or KO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA and Małgorzata KIDAWA-BLONSKA]<br>Confederation Liberty and Independence or KORWiN [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE, Robert WINNICKI, Grzegorz BRAUN]<br>Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]<br>Polish Coalition or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ]<br>The Left [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced additional plans to increase the size of military to over 300,000 personnel"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern Western weapons systems; since 2010, the leading suppliers of armaments to Poland are Finland, Germany, Italy, and the US (2021)",
"text": "the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern Western weapons systems; since 2010, the leading suppliers of armaments include Finland, Germany, Italy, and the US (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in late 2018, Poland announced a 7-year (through 2026) approximately $50 billion defense modernization plan that would include such items as 5th generation combat aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, rocket artillery, helicopters, submarines, frigates, and improved cyber security"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,256,568 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)"
"text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,274,130 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)"

2
europe/po.json
View file

@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "47,847 (Ukraine) (as of 19 July 2022)"
"text": "49,718 (Ukraine) (as of 10 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "45 (mid-year 2021)"

4
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 14,366 (Ukraine) (includes Kosovo; as of 3 August 2022)"
"text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 15,071 (Ukraine) (includes Kosovo; as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "196,995 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2021)"
@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,113 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 854,443 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,918 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2022"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 860,913 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,918 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2022"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets</p>"

8
europe/si.json
View file

@ -560,13 +560,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br>National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council (State Council)or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br>National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held on 23 October 2022)<br>National Assembly - last held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - GS 34.5%, SDS 23.5%, NSi 6.9%, SD 6.7%, Levica 4.4%, other 24%; seats by party - GS 41, SDS 27, NSi 8, SD 7, Levica 5; composition - men 54, women 36, percent of women 40%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31%"
"text": "<br>National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - GS 34.5%, SDS 23.5%, NSi 6.9%, SD 6.7%, Levica 4.4%, other 24%; seats by party - GS 41, SDS 27, NSi 8, SD 7, Levica 5; composition - men 54, women 36, percent of women 40%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1224,12 +1224,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,894 (Ukraine) (as of 26 July 2022)"
"text": "67,010 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:  </strong>541,972 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:  </strong>544,284 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals"

4
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -1286,12 +1286,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 131,771 (Ukraine) (as of 31 July 2022)"
"text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 133,007 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "692 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>263,385 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-July 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>264,599 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-August 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing number of indoor cannabis grow operations; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, and heroin and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the United States"

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