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18
africa/ag.json
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@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt"
"text": "58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "5 July 1962 (from France)"
@ -1131,7 +1131,21 @@
"text": "149 (2021)"
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"text": "67",
"total": {
"text": "67 (2023)"
},
"civil airports": {
"text": "19"
},
"military airports": {
"text": "11"
},
"joint use (civil-military) airports": {
"text": "14"
},
"other airports": {
"text": "32"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {

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africa/ao.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "From the late 14th to the mid 19th century a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. By the 19th century, Portuguese settlement had spread to the interior; in 1914, Portugal abolished the last vestiges of the Kongo Kingdom and Angola became a Portuguese colony. <br><br>Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS stepped down from the presidency in 2017, having led the country since 1979. He pushed through a new constitution in 2010. Joao LOURENCO was elected president in August 2017 and became president of the MPLA in September 2018."
"text": "Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6th century A.D.; by the 10th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late 14th to the mid 19th century a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers - often in collaboration with local kingdoms including the Kongo. Estimates are that the Angola area may have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was the 17th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, Nzingha Mbande, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Angola’s modern borders were set by Portugal and other European powers, but the Portuguese did not fully control of large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom.<br> <p>The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961 and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Conflict between Angola’s multiple independence movements quickly emerged with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict with the MPLA supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba and UNITA by apartheid South Africa and the US. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -549,16 +549,16 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Esperanca Francisco DA COSTA (since 15 September 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022)"
"text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Esperanca Francisco DA COSTA (since 15 September 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held on 24 August 2027)"
"text": "the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election"
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held on 24 August 2027)"
"text": "last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, PRS 1.1%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, PRS 2, FNLA 2; PHA-2; composition - men 146, women 74, percent of women 33.6%"

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africa/bc.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Seeking to stop the incorporation of their land into Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) or the Union of South Africa, in 1885, three tribal chiefs traveled to Great Britain and successfully lobbied the British Government to put \"Bechuanaland\" under UK protection. Upon independence in 1966, the British protectorate of Bechuanaland adopted the new name of Botswana. More than five decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most stable economies in Africa. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every national election since independence; President Mokgweetsi Eric MASISI assumed the presidency in April 2018 following the retirement of former President Ian KHAMA due to constitutional term limits. MASISI won his first election as president in October 2019, and he is Botswana&rsquo;s fifth president since independence. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease."
"text": "In the early 1800s, multiple political entities in what is now Botswana were destabilized or destroyed by a series of conflicts and population movements in southern Africa. By the end of this period, the Tswana ethnic group, who also live across the border in South Africa, had become the most prominent group in the area. In 1852, Tswana forces halted the expansion of white Afrikaner settlers who were seeking to expand their territory northwards into what is now Botswana. In 1885, Great Britain claimed territory that roughly corresponds with modern day Botswana as a protectorate called Bechuanaland. Upon independence in 1966, the British protectorate of Bechuanaland adopted the new name of Botswana, which means land of the Tswana. More than five decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created an enduring democracy and upper-middle-income economy. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every national election since independence; President Mokgweetsi Eric MASISI assumed the presidency in 2018 following the retirement of former President Ian KHAMA due to constitutional term limits. MASISI won his first election as president in 2019, and he is Botswana’s fifth president since independence. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease. <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
"text": "periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; population concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country"
"text": "landlocked; sparsely populated with most settlement concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country; geography dominated by the Kalahari Desert, which covers about 70% of the country, although the Okavango Delta brings considerable biodiversity as one of the largest inland deltas in the World&nbsp;"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
"text": "Bechuanaland"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the name Botswana means \"Land of the Tswana\" - referring to the country's major ethnic group"
"text": "the name Botswana means \"Land of the Tswana\" - referring to the country's largest ethnic group"
}
},
"Government type": {
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
"text": "previous 1960 (preindependence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2016"
"text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 October 2019 (next to be held in 2024 October); vice president appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2019:</em> President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA, who had served as president since 1 April 2008, stepped down on 1 April 2018 having completed the constitutionally mandated 10-year term limit; upon his retirement, then Vice President MASISI became president; national elections held on 23 October 2019 gave MASISI'S BPD 38 seats in the National Assembly which then selected MASISI as President"
"text": "<br><em>2019:</em> President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA, who had served as president since 1 April 2008, stepped down on 1 April 2018 having completed the constitutionally mandated 10-year term limit; upon his retirement, then Vice President MASISI became president; national elections held in 2019 gave MASISI'S BPD 38 seats in the National Assembly which then selected MASISI as President"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance of Progressives or AP [Ndaba GAOLATHE]<br>Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]<br>Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Mokgweetsi MASISI]<br>Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Sidney PILANE]<br>Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]<br>Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF [Biggie BUTALE]<br>Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]<br>Real Alternative Party or RAP [Gaontebale MOKGOSI]<br>Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (various times the coalition has included the BMD, BPP, BCP and BNF) (2019)"
"text": "Alliance of Progressives or AP [Ndaba GAOLATHE]<br>Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]<br>Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Mokgweetsi MASISI]<br>Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]<br>Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF [Biggie BUTALE]<br>Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]<br>Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (various times the coalition has included the BPP, BCP, BNF and other parties)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

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africa/bn.json
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@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
"text": "Fon and related 38.4%, Adja and related 15.1%, Yoruba and related 12%, Bariba and related 9.6%, Fulani and related 8.6%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4.3%, Dendi and related 2.9%, other 0.9%, foreigner 1.9% (2013 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba (once counted as a Gur language) and Fulfulde"
"text": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba (once counted as a Gur language) and Fulfulde"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)"
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); note - the president is both head of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); prime minister position abolished"
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held on 12 April 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2021:</em> Patrice TALON elected to a second term; percent of vote - Patrice TALON (independent) 86.4%, Alassane SOUMANOU (FCBE) 11.3%, other 2.3%</p> <p><em>2016:</em> Patrice TALON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Lionel ZINSOU (FCBE) 28.4%, Patrice TALON (independent) 24.8%, Sebastien AJAVON (independent) 23.%, Abdoulaye Bio TCHANE (ABT) 8.8%, Pascal KOUPAKI (NC) 5.9%, other 9.1%; percent of vote in second round - Patrice TALON 65.4%, Lionel ZINSOU 34.6% </p> (2021)"
@ -588,13 +588,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats of which 24 are reserved for women; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms except for the current members whose terms will end in 2026 to facilitate general elections)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 8 January 2023 (next to be held January 2027)"
"text": "last held on 8 January 2023 (next to be held 11 January 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 37.5%, Bloc Republicain 29.3%, The Democrats 24.6%; seats by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 53, Bloc Republicain 28, The Democrats 28; composition as of January 2023 - men 81, women 28, percent of women 25.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 37.6%, Bloc Republicain 29.2%, The Democrats 24%; seats by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 53, Bloc Republicain 28, The Democrats 28; composition as of May 2023 - men 80, women 29, percent of women 26.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]<br>Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO]<br>Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Yayi BONI]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]<br>National Alliance for Development and Democracy or AND [Valentin Aditi HOUDE]<br>New Consciousness Rally or NC [Pascal KOUPAKI]<br>Patriotic Awakening or RP [Janvier YAHOUEDEOU]<br>Progressive Union for Renewal [Joseph DJOGBENOU]<br>Republican Bloc [Abdoulaye BIO TCHANE]<br>Social Democrat Party or PSD [Emmanuel GOLOU]<br>Sun Alliance or AS [Sacca LAFIA]<br>The Democrats [Eric HOUNDETE]<br>Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (includes PRD, MADEP)<br>United Democratic Forces or FDU [Mathurin NAGO]",
"text": "African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]<br>Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO]<br>Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Thomas Boni YAYI]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]<br>United Dynamics for Development and Democracy or AND [Valentin Aditi HOUDE]<br>Progressive Union for Renewal [Joseph DJOGBENOU]<br>Republican Bloc [Abdoulaye B<br>IO TCHANE]<br>Sun Alliance or AS [Sacca LAFIA]<br>The Democrats [Eric HOUNDETE]<br>Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (includes PRD, MADEP)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> approximately 20 additional minor parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@
"text": "260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from north Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON said his government would spend more than $130 million to recruit up to 4,000 additional military personnel, modernize military equipment, and build and fortify operating bases; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border <br><br>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)"
"text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from northern Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON said his government would spend more than $130 million to recruit up to 4,000 additional military personnel, modernize military equipment, and build and fortify operating bases; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeastern border <br><br>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022 in the waters off Benin; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"</p>"

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africa/by.json
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@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa (Pygmy)"
"text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa, Phuthi, South Asian"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Kirundi only 29.7% (official); French only 0.3% (official); Swahili only 0.2%; English only 0.1% (official); Kirundi and French 8.4%; Kirundi, French, and English 2.4%, other language combinations 2%, unspecified 56.9% (2008 est.)"
"text": "Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.)"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
@ -587,7 +587,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in 2027); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament; note - a 2018 constitutional referendum effective for the 2020 election, increased the presidential term from 5 to 7 years with a 2-consecutive-term limit, reinstated the position of the prime minister position, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in May 2027); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament; note - a 2018 constitutional referendum effective for the 2020 election, increased the presidential term from 5 to 7 years with a 2-consecutive-term limit, reinstated the position of the prime minister position, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2020: </em>Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE elected president; percent of vote - Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE (CNDD-FDD) 71.5%, Agathon RWASA (CNL) 25.2%, Gaston SINDIMWO (UPRONA) 1.7%, other 1.6%<br><br><em>2015:</em> Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (Hope of Burundians - Amizerio y'ABARUNDI) 19%, other 11.6%</p> <p> </p>"
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
"text": "Front for Democracy in Burundi-Nyakuri or FRODEBU-Nyakuri [Keffa NIBIZI]<br>Front for Democracy in Burundi-Sahwanya or FRODEBU-Sahwanya [Pierre Claver NAHIMANA]<br>National Congress for Liberty or CNL [Agathon RWASA]<br>National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE]<br>National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGITIMANA]<br>Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Abel GASHATSI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "86,790 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "86,047 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "84,791 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2022)"

8
africa/cf.json
View file

@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Kongo 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15 est.)"
"text": "Kongo (Bakongo) 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
@ -590,10 +590,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997)"
"text": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 1997)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Clement MOUAMBA (since 24 April 2016); note - a constitutional referendum held in 2015 approved the change of the head of government from the president to the prime minister"
"text": "Prime Minister Clement MOUAMBA (since 2016); note - a constitutional referendum held in 2015 approved the change of the head of government from the president to the prime minister (2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "27,445 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 30,204 (Central African Republic) (2023)"
"text": "30,204 (Central African Republic), 27,445 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "159,830 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)"

18
africa/cg.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The Kingdom of Kongo ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. To the center and east, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. In the 1870s, European exploration of the Congo Basin, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, eventually allowed the ruler to acquire rights to the Congo territory and to make it his private property under the name of the Congo Free State. During the Free State, the king's colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.<br><br>The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from conflict in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. Presidential, National Assembly, and provincial elections took place in 2006, with Joseph KABILA elected to office.</p> <p>National elections were held in November 2011 and disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency. While the DRC constitution barred President KABILA from running for a third term, the DRC Government delayed national elections originally slated for November 2016, to 30 December 2018. This failure to hold elections as scheduled fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests by KABILA’s opponents and exacerbation of tensions in the tumultuous eastern DRC regions. Presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held in late December 2018 and early 2019 across most of the country. The DRC Government canceled presidential elections in the cities of Beni and Butembo (citing concerns over an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the region) as well as Yumbi (which had recently experienced heavy violence).</p> <p>Opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI was announced the election winner on 10 January 2019 and inaugurated two weeks later. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since the DRC's independence. </p> <p>The DRC, particularly in the East, continues to experience violence perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the Allied Democratic Forces, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, and assorted Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely diverse, with more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, to the south and east, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, respectively, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. These kingdoms were invaded and splintered by European prospectors in the Congo Basin in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and eventually were forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory to make it his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease, inhumane treatment, and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.<br><br>The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brute force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from conflict in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. Presidential, National Assembly, and provincial elections took place in 2006, with Joseph KABILA elected to office.</p> <p>National elections were held in November 2011 and disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency. While the DRC constitution barred President KABILA from running for a third term, the DRC Government delayed national elections originally slated for November 2016, to 30 December 2018. This failure to hold elections as scheduled fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests by KABILA’s opponents and exacerbation of tensions in the tumultuous eastern DRC regions. Presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held in late December 2018 and early 2019 across most of the country. The DRC Government canceled presidential elections in the cities of Beni and Butembo (citing concerns over an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the region) as well as Yumbi (which had recently experienced heavy violence).</p> <p>Opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI was announced the election winner on 10 January 2019 and inaugurated two weeks later. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since the DRC's independence. </p> <p>The DRC, particularly in the East, continues to experience violence perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "more than 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) - make up about 45% of the population"
"text": "more than 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest groups - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) - make up about 45% of the population"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
"text": "DRC (or DROC)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named for the Congo River, most of which lies within the DRC; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom that occupied its mouth at the time of Portuguese discovery in the late 15th century and whose name stems from its people the Bakongo, meaning \"hunters\""
"text": "named for the Congo River, most of which lies within the DRC; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom that occupied its mouth and whose name stems from its people the Bakongo, meaning \"hunters\""
}
},
"Government type": {
@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
"text": "President Felix TSHISEKEDI (since 24 January 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Anatole Collinet MAKOSSO (since 12 May 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Jose MAKILA, Leonard She OKITUNDU, Henri MOVA Sankanyi (since February 2018)"
"text": "Prime Minister Jean-Michel Sama LUKONDE (since 15 February 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Jose MAKILA, Leonard She OKITUNDU, Henri MOVA Sankanyi (since February 2018) Jean-Pierre BEMBBA (since 23 March 2023)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Ministers of State appointed by the president"
@ -649,19 +649,19 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Marie-H&eacute;l&egrave;ne MATHEY-BOO (since 7 June 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador Marie-H&eacute;l&egrave;ne Mathey Boo LOWUMBA (since 7 June 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1100 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 725, Washington DC 20036"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 234-7690; [1] (202) 234-7691"
"text": "[1] (202) 234-7690"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 234-2609"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>https://www.ambardcusa.org/"
"text": "<br>ambassade@ambardcusa.org<br><br>https://www.ambardcusa.org/"
},
"representative office": {
"text": "New York"
@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "210,864 (Central African Republic), 208,389 (Rwanda), 56,423 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 43,342 (Burundi) (2023)"
"text": "210,238 (Central African Republic), 208,389 (Rwanda), 56,536 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 44,416 (Burundi) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "6.17 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2023)"
@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "country of origin of methamphetamine destined for overseas markets"
"text": "<p>country of origin of methamphetamine destined for overseas markets;</p>"
}
}
}

12
africa/cm.json
View file

@ -617,10 +617,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 12 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by president); note - the Constitutional Court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined"
"text": "Senate - last held on 12 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by president)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 100% composition as of March 2023 - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition as of March 2022 - men 119, women 61, percent of women 33.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.1%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 100% composition as of March 2023 - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition as of June 2023 - men 119, women 61, percent of women 33.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development [Marcel YONDO]<br>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br>Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]<br>Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]<br>Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br>Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]<br>Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]<br>Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br>Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br>Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]<br>Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br>Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau] [Cecil ODHIAMBO] <br>Union of Socialist Movements NA"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -654,7 +654,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 387-3826"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>cs@cameroonembassyusa.org<br><br>https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html"
"text": "cs@cameroonembassyusa.org; mail@cameroonembassyusa.org<br><br>https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations occur occasionally"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are organized and equipped for mobile operations; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army units<br><br>the ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navy’s missions include protecting Cameroon’s oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the country’s lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023)"
"text": "the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are organized and equipped for mobile operations; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army units<br><br>the ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist groups Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navy’s missions include protecting Cameroon’s oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the country’s lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports incidents appear to have stopped in the territorial and offshore waters of Cameroon; the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""
@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "349,384 (Central African Republic), 127,009 (Nigeria) (2023)"
"text": "350,780 (Central African Republic), 115,847 (Nigeria) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1.01 million (2023) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)"

4
africa/cn.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The archipelago of the Comoros in the Indian Ocean, composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, declared independence from France on 6 July 1975. Residents of Mayotte, however, voted to remain in France, and the French Government now has classified it as a department of France. Since independence, Comoros has endured political instability through realized and attempted coups. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI Assoumani seized power of the entire government in a bloodless coup; he initiated the 2000 Fomboni Accords, a power-sharing agreement in which the federal presidency rotates among the three islands, and each island maintains its local government. AZALI won the 2002 federal presidential election as president of the Union of the Comoros from Grande Comore Island, which held the first four-year term. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed SAMBI was elected as president from Anjouan. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade to Anjouan, but in March 2008 the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In 2009, the Comorian population approved a constitutional referendum extending the term of the president from four years to five years. In May 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, former President AZALI Assoumani won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. A referendum held in July 2018 - boycotted by the opposition parties - overwhelmingly approved a new constitution removing presidential term limits and the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. In August 2018, President AZALI formed a new government and subsequently ran and was elected president in March 2019."
"text": "For centuries prior to colonization in the 19th century, the archipelago of the Comoros in the Indian Ocean, served as a key node in the maritime trade networks that connected the Middle East, India, and eastern African regions. Composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, Comoros spent most of the 20th century as a colonial outpost until it declared independence from France on 6 July 1975. Residents of Mayotte, however, voted to remain in France, and the French Government now has classified it as a department of France. Since independence, Comoros has weathered approximately 20 realized and attempted coups resulting in prolonged political instability and stunted economic development. In 2002, President AZALI Assoumani became the first elected president following the completion of the Fomboni Accords, in which the islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli reached an agreement whereby the presidency would rotate among the islands every five years. This power-sharing agreement also included provisions allowing each island to maintain its local government. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed SAMBI was elected as president from Anjouan. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade to Anjouan, but in March 2008 the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In May 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, former President AZALI Assoumani won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. A referendum held in July 2018 - boycotted by the opposition parties - overwhelmingly approved a new constitution removing presidential term limits and the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. In August 2018, President AZALI formed a new government and subsequently ran and was elected president in March 2019."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the security forces are limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2022)"
"text": "the security forces are limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

18
africa/ct.json
View file

@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Baya 28.8%, Banda 22.9%, Mandjia 9.9%, Sara 7.9%, M'Baka-Bantu 7.9%, Arab-Fulani (Peul) 6%, Mbum 6%, Ngbanki 5.5%, Zande-Nzakara 3%, other Central African Republic ethnic groups 2%, non-Central African Republic ethnic groups .1% (2003 est.)"
"text": "Baya 28.8%, Banda 22.9%, Mandjia 9.9%, Sara 7.9%, M'Baka-Bantu 7.9%, Arab-Fulani (Peuhl) 6%, Mbum 6%, Ngbanki 5.5%, Zande-Nzakara 3%, other Central African Republic ethnic groups 2%, non-Central African Republic ethnic groups .1% (2003 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages"
@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
"text": "several previous; latest (interim constitution) approved by the Transitional Council 30 August 2015, adopted by referendum 13-14 December 2015, ratified 27 March 2016"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials"
"text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials; note - constitutional referendum on abolishing presidential term limits scheduled for 30 July 2023"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (140 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "first round last held on 27 December 2020; note - on election day, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that a new first round of elections will be held on 27 February for those areas controlled by armed groups and and second round on 14 March"
"text": "first round last held on 27 December 2020; note - on election day, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that a new first round of elections will be held on 27 February for those areas controlled by armed groups and second round on 14 March"
},
"election results": {
"text": "December 2015 election: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNDP 16, URCA 11, RDC 8, MLPC 10, KNK 7, other 28, independent 60; composition as of March 2022 - men 122, women 18, percent of women 12.9%"
@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 332-9893"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>pc@usrcaembassy.org<br><br>https://www.usrcaembassy.org/"
"text": "<br>pc@usrcaembassy.org; centrafricwashington@yahoo.com<br><br>https://www.usrcaembassy.org/"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1141,8 +1141,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine); Ministry of Interior: National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), National Police (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019-2021, the CAR created three Mixed Special Security units (Unités Spéciales Mixtes de Sécurité or USMS), regionally based battalion-sized units comprised of about 40% government and 60% rebel soldiers created to provide security along transportation corridors and at mining sites; the units are intended to be transitional in nature with a scheduled deployment time of two years"
"text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine); Ministry of Interior: National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), National Police (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the Special Republican Protection Group (Groupement Spécial Chargé de la Protection Républicaine or GSPR) is part of the Army per a March 2022 decree, but reports to the president; the GSPR provides protection to the head of state<br><strong><br>note 2:</strong> in 2019-2021, the CAR created three Mixed Special Security units (Unités Spéciales Mixtes de Sécurité or USMS), regionally based battalion-sized units comprised of about 40% government and 60% rebel soldiers created to provide security along transportation corridors and at mining sites; the units are intended to be transitional in nature with a scheduled deployment time of two years; in addition, since mid-2021 the FACA have frequently recruited local militias, mostly former anti-balaka fighters, whom they pay to help track and attack rebels hiding in the bush<br>"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 FACA troops; up to 2,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 2,000 Mixed Special Security Units (2022)"
"text": "information varies; up to 15,000 FACA troops (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FACA is lightly armed; most of the military's heavy weapons and equipment were destroyed or captured during the 2012–2014 civil war; prior to the war, most of its equipment was of French, Russian, or Soviet origin; in recent years, it has received small amounts of secondhand equipment from China and Russia (2023)",
@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for military service; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since, despite considerable foreign assistance; significant portions of the country remain outside state control and are ungoverned, with the presence of multiple armed actors creating insecurity in much of the country <br><br>in late 2020 and early 2021, the Coalition des Patriotes pour le Change (CPC), a loose coalition of armed groups comprised largely of former Seleka and anti-Balaka fighters, attacked the capital Bangui; CAR Government forces, along with Russian private military contractors and Rwandan troops, repelled the attack but have not been able to stabilize the country; the CPC has retreated to its rear bases and into neighboring countries and continued conducting attacks; other armed groups are also active; forces on both sides have been accused of abuses and atrocities in the fighting <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; in addition to teams of military trainers, Russia sent private military contractors, and as of 2022, as many as 2,000 were providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; as of early 2023, MINUSCA had almost 17,000 personnel <br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces; since 2016, the EU mission has trained 5 territorial infantry battalions and 1 amphibious infantry battalion; the mission suspended operational training in 2021; France also provided assistance to the FACA before suspending its support, also in 2021 (2023)"
"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the Central African Armed Forces (FACA); its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since, despite considerable foreign assistance; significant portions of the country remain outside state control and are ungoverned, with the presence of multiple armed actors creating insecurity in much of the country <br><br>in late 2020 and early 2021, the Coalition des Patriotes pour le Change (CPC), a loose coalition of armed groups comprised largely of former Seleka and anti-Balaka fighters, attacked the capital Bangui; CAR Government forces, along with Russian private military contractors and Rwandan troops, repelled the attack but have not been able to stabilize the country; the CPC has retreated to its rear bases and into neighboring countries and continued conducting attacks; other armed groups are also active; forces on both sides have been accused of abuses and atrocities in the fighting <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; in addition to teams of military trainers, Russia sent private military contractors, and as of 2022, as many as 2,000 were providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; as of early 2023, MINUSCA had almost 17,000 personnel <br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces; since 2016, the EU mission has trained 5 territorial infantry battalions and 1 amphibious infantry battalion; the mission suspended operational training in 2021; France also provided assistance to the FACA before suspending its support, also in 2021 (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,381 (Democratic Republic of Congo), 10,368 (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)"
"text": "6,632 (Democratic Republic of Congo), 10,368 (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "483,074 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2023)"

14
africa/cv.json
View file

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"text": "Creole (Mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Portuguese (official), Krioulo (a Portuguese-based Creole language with two main dialects spoken in Cabo Verde and in the Cabo Verdean diaspora worldwide)"
"text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based Creole language with two main dialects spoken in Cabo Verde and in the Cabo Verdean diaspora worldwide)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 77.3%, Protestant 4.6% (includes Church of the Nazarene 1.7%, Adventist 1.5%, Assembly of God 0.9%, Universal Kingdom of God 0.4%, and God and Love 0.1%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Christian Rationalism 1.9%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, and New Apostolic 0.5%), Muslim 1.8%, other 1.3%, none 10.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)"
@ -518,10 +518,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Jose Maria NEVES (since 9 November 2021)"
"text": "President Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 9 November 2021)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Ulisses CORREIA E. SILVA (since 22 April 2016)"
"text": "Prime Minister Jose Ulisses CORREIA E. SILVA (since 22 April 2016)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 October 2021 (next to be held in October 2026); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2020: </em>Jose Maria NEVES elected president; percent of vote - Jose Maria NEVES (PAICV) 51.7%, Carlos VEIGA (MPD) 42.4%, Casimiro DE PINA (Independent) 1.8%, Fernando Rocha DELGADO (Independent) 1.4%, Helio SANCHES (independent) 1.14%, Gilson ALVES (independent) 0.8%, Joaquim MONTEIRO (independent) 3.4%<br><br><em>2015: </em>Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74.1%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 22.5%, other 3%</p>"
"text": "<p><em>2020: </em>Jose Maria Pereira NEVES elected president; percent of vote - Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (PAICV) 51.7%, Carlos VEIGA (MPD) 42.4%, Casimiro DE PINA (Independent) 1.8%, Fernando Rocha DELGADO (Independent) 1.4%, Helio SANCHES (independent) 1.14%, Gilson ALVES (independent) 0.8%, Joaquim MONTEIRO (independent) 3.4%<br><br><em>2015: </em>Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74.1%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 22.5%, other 3%</p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES]<br>Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [João DOS SANTOS LUIS]<br>Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]<br>Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]<br>Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]<br>Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]"
"text": "African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES]<br>Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [João DOS SANTOS LUIS]<br>Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]<br>Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]<br>Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]<br>Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 965-1207"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>embassy@caboverdeus.net<br><br>https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/"
"text": "<br>embassy.wdc@mnec.gov.cv<br><br>https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Boston"
@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "Cabo Verde is a transit hub for cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs trafficked from Latin America to Europe; marijuana, cocaine, hashish, heroin, and methamphetamine are the most frequently consumed drugs in Cabo Verde"
"text": "<p>narcotraffickers transit cocaine, cannabis, and other drugs to Africa and Europe; domestic trafficking contributes to increased consumption of illicit substances;</p>"
}
}
}

2
africa/dj.json
View file

@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@
"text": "960 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAD is largely focused on border, coastal, and internal security duties, including counterterrorism; China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note &ndash; France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO also maintain a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts; in 2017, Djibouti and Saudi Arabia announced plans for the Saudis to build a military base there, although no start date was announced (2023)"
"text": "Djibouti's military forces are largely focused on border, coastal, and internal security duties, including counterterrorism; China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note &ndash; France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO also maintain a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau&rsquo;s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) reported no piracy attacks for the Horn of Africa in 2022; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warned that Somali pirates continued to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warned that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2024; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-003 - Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Bab al Mandeb Strait, Red Sea, and Somali Basin-Threats to Commercial Vessels) effective 23 February 2023, which states in part that \"Regional conflict, military activity, and political tensions pose threats to commercial vessels operating in the above listed geographic areas\""

22
africa/eg.json
View file

@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 895-5400; [1] (202) 895-5408"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 244-5131"
"text": "[1] (202) 244-5131; [1] (202) 244-4319"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>consulate@egyptembassy.net<br><br>https://www.egyptembassy.net/"
@ -1014,6 +1014,26 @@
"text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Nuclear energy": {
"Number of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "0"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors under construction": {
"text": "3 (2023)"
},
"Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "0GW"
},
"Percent of total electricity production": {
"text": "0%"
},
"Percent of total energy produced": {
"text": "0%"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": {
"text": "0"
}
},
"Coal": {
"production": {
"text": "262,000 metric tons (2020 est.)"

14
africa/ek.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule; it is one of the smallest countries in Africa consisting of a mainland territory and five inhabited islands. The capital of Malabo is located on the island of Bioko, approximately 25 km from the Cameroonian coastline in the Gulf of Guinea. Between 1968 and 1979, autocratic President Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA virtually destroyed all of the country's political, economic, and social institutions before being deposed by his nephew Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since October 1979 and has been elected several times, most recently in 2016. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, presidential and legislative elections since 1996 have been considered flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has placed legal and bureaucratic barriers that hinder political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in late 2004 and has slowly declined since, although aggressive searches for new oilfields continue. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in massive increases in government revenue in past years, generally lower global oil prices since 2014 and depreciating oil fields have placed significant strain on the state budget. While oil revenues have mainly been used for the development of infrastructure, corruption has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy and to increase foreign investment. The country hosts major regional and international conferences and continues to seek a greater role in international affairs, and leadership in the sub-region.</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region, contemporarily known as Rio Muni, was most likely predominantly inhibited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule.<br><br>In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. President MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for approximately 11 years. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under President MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, then a senior military officer, deposed President MACIAS in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in November 2022. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and there is nearly no space for political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was designated for the development of infrastructure. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 est.)"
"text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Ndowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
@ -530,18 +530,18 @@
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%"
"text": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (70 seats statutory, 72 seats for current term; 55 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, 15 appointed by the president, and 2 ex-officio)<br><br>Chamber of Deputies or Camara de los Diputados (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (70 seats statutory, 74 seats for current term; 55 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, 15 appointed by the president, and 4 ex-officio)<br><br>Chamber of Deputies or Camara de los Diputados (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 January 2023 (next to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; elected seats by party - PDGE 55; composition (including 2 ex-officio and 15 appointed) - men 58, women 16, percent of women 21.6%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 100; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 22%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; elected seats by party - PDGE 55; composition (including 2 ex-officio and 15 appointed) - men 58, women 16, percent of women 21.6%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 100; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 27%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -556,10 +556,10 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]<br>Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]<br>Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)<br>National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]<br>National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]<br>National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]<br>Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]<br>Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]<br>Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]"
"text": "Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]<br>Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]<br>Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]<br>Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)<br>National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]<br>National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]<br>National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]<br>Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]<br>Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]<br>Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD)[Buenaventura MONSUY ASUMU]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, , UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

12
africa/er.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>After independence from Italian colonial control in 1941 and 10 years of British administrative control, the UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been highly autocratic and repressive. His government has created a highly militarized society by pursuing an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service – divided between military and civilian service – of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Following the July 2018 peace agreement with Ethiopia, Eritrean leaders engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In November 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for Al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia has led to a steady resumption of economic ties, with increased air transport, trade, tourism, and port activities, but the economy remains agriculture-dependent, and Eritrea is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression and conscription and militarization continue.</p>"
"text": "<p>After independence from Italian colonial control in 1941 and 10 years of British administrative control, the UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year conflict for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean fighters defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been characterized by highly autocratic and repressive actions. His government has created a highly militarized society by instituting an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service – divided between military and civilian service – of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Following the July 2018 peace agreement with Ethiopia, Eritrean leaders engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In November 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia led to a resumption of economic ties, with increased air transport, trade, tourism, and port activities, until late 2020, but the economy remains agriculture-dependent, and Eritrea is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Eritrea faced new international condemnation and US sanctions in mid-2021 for its participation in the war in Ethiopia’s Tigray Regional State, where Eritrean forces were found to have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. As most Eritrean troops were departing northern Ethiopia in January 2023, ISAIAS began a series of diplomatic engagements aimed at bolstering Eritrea’s foreign partnerships and regional influence. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression and conscription and militarization continue.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {
"text": "ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (not fully implemented)"
"text": "ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly"
@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
"text": "State Council appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the only election was held on 8 June 1993, following independence from Ethiopia (next election postponed indefinitely)"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), according to the constitution; the only election was held on 8 June 1993, following independence from Ethiopia (successive election postponed indefinitely)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>1993</em>: ISAIAS Afwerki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS  Afwerki (PFDJ) 95%, other 5%"
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party and 75 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of late 2021, there was no sitting legislative body (2021)"
"text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of 2023, there was no sitting legislative body"
},
"election results": {
"text": "NA"
@ -1144,14 +1144,14 @@
"text": "limited available information; estimated 150,000-200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the EDF inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, and in recent years, Eritrea has expressed interest in purchasing additional Russian equipment (2022)"
"text": "the EDF inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, and in recent years, Eritrea has expressed interest in purchasing additional Russian equipment; in 2022, it reportedly received some UAVs from Russia (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "Eritrea mandates military service for all citizens between the ages of 18 and 40 (18-27 for women if conscripted); 18-month conscript service obligation, which includes 4-6 months of military training and 12 months of military or other national service (military service is most common); in practice, military service is often extended indefinitely; citizens up to the age of 55 eligible for recall during mobilization (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, women were estimated to make up as much as 30% of the Eritrean military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the EDF’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the Army is by far the dominant service; it is a large, conscript-based force with an estimated 20 infantry divisions, as well as a division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has a small number of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy maintains a limited number of coastal patrol vessels <br><br>since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray War in Ethiopia (2020-2022) (2023)"
"text": "the EDF’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the Army is the dominant service; it is a large, conscript-based force with an estimated 20 infantry divisions, as well as a division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has a small number of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy maintains a limited number of coastal patrol vessels <br><br>since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray conflict in Ethiopia (2020-2023) (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

10
africa/et.json
View file

@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)"
"text": "Oromo (official working language of the State of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo)<br><br>የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)<br>House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)<br>House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)"
"text": "House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected in October 2026)<br>House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next expected in June 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women  41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%"
@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz People’s Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella People’s Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali People’s Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). Once the Prosperity Party was created, the various ethnically-based parties that comprised or were affiliated with the EPRDF were subsequently disbanded; in January 2021, the Ethiopian electoral board de-registered the Tigray People’s Liberation Front or TPLF; national level parties are qualified to register candidates in multiple regions across Ethiopia; regional parties can register candidates for both national and regional parliaments, but only in one region of Ethiopia"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (accession candidate)"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@
"text": "5-8,000 Somalia (approximately 4,000 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the 2020-22 conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,450 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary units <br><br>the ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions<br><br>from November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023)"
"text": "the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) has traditionally been one of sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries, but it suffered heavy casualties and equipment losses during the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary units <br><br>the ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and internal threats from multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (including the ethnonationalist Amhara Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) regional state, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of al-Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "414,905 (South Sudan), 253,616 (Somalia), 164,271 (Eritrea), 48,964 (Sudan) (2023)"
"text": "416,308 (South Sudan), 276,412 (Somalia), 164,271 (Eritrea), 48,964 (Sudan) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2.73 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2023)"

6
africa/ga.json
View file

@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Momodou Lamin BAH (12 December 2022)<br><br><br>"
"text": "Ambassador Momodou Lamin BAH (12 December 2022)<br>"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "5630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011"
@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 785-1430"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>info@gambiaembassy.us<br><br>https://www.gambiaembassydc.us/home"
"text": "<br>info@gambiaembassydc.us; <br>gambiaembassydc@gmail.com<br><br>https://www.gambiaembassydc.us/home"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@
"text": "information varies; approximately 3,000 active troops (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the GAF has a limited equipment inventory (2022)"
"text": "the GAF has a limited and obsolescent equipment inventory originating from several suppliers, including China, the UK, and the US (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (18-22 for officers); no conscription; service obligation 6 months (2021)"

14
africa/gb.json
View file

@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
"text": "previous 1961; latest drafted May 1990, adopted 15 March 1991, promulgated 26 March 1991"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon&rsquo;s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2020"
"text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon&rsquo;s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2023 (presidential term reduced to 5 years and election reduced to a single vote)"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 27 August 2016 (next to be held in August 2023); prime minister appointed by the president"
"text": "president directly elected by plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 27 August 2016 (next to be held on 2 September 2023); prime minister appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2016: </em>Ali BONGO Ondimba reelected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 49.8%, Jean PING (UFC) 48.2%, other 2.0%<br><br><em>2009: </em>Ali BONGO Ondimba elected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 41.7%, Andre MBA OBAME (independent) 25.9%, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU (UPG) 25.2%, Zacharie MYBOTO (UGDD) 3.9%, other 3.3%</p> <p> </p>"
@ -551,13 +551,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (102 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms)<br>National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (67 seats; 52 members indirectly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, and 15 members appointed by the president; all members serve 6-year terms)<br>National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held on 30 January and 6 February 2021 (next to be held in December 2026)<br>National Assembly - held in 2 rounds on 6 and 27 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)</p> <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - NA<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&amp;M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 121, women 22, percent of women 15.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women NA</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - men 51, women 16, percent of women 23.9%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&amp;M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 122, women 21, percent of women 14.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 17.6%</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [Gen. Jean-Boniface ASSELE]<br>Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge]<br>Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]<br>Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccheri GAHILA]<br>Legacy and Modernity Party or RH&amp;M<br>National Woodcutters' Rally - Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG [Paul Mba ABESSOLE]<br>Restoration of Republican Values or RV<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]<br>Social Democrats of Gabon <br>The Democrats or LD [Guy NZOUBA-NDAMA]<br>Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]<br>Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Jean PING]<br>Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA]",
"text": "Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]<br>Restoration of Republican Values or RV<br>The Democrats or LD [Guy NZOUBA-NDAMA]",
"note": "Paul Mba Abessole"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -1180,13 +1180,13 @@
"text": "approximately 6,500 active duty troops including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Gabonese military is lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers including Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2022)"
"text": "the Gabonese military is lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers including Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Gabonese military is a small and lightly-armed force that is responsible for both external and internal security; members of the military attempted a failed coup in 2019; the Gabonese military has benefited from cooperation with international partners, particularly the French military, which has maintained a long-term presence in Gabon; the Army&rsquo;s core forces are the Republican Guard and an airborne infantry battalion, which are supported by several small regionally-based infantry units; the Gendarmerie has regionally-based &ldquo;legions,&rdquo; as well as mobile forces, a national parks security unit, and a special intervention group; the Air Force has a small number of older French-made fighter aircraft and some combat helicopters, also mostly of French origin; the Navy has a small force of patrol boats (2023)"
"text": "the Gabonese military is a small and lightly-armed force that is responsible for both external and internal security; some members of the military attempted a failed coup in 2019; the French military has maintained a long-term presence in Gabon; the Army&rsquo;s core forces are the Republican Guard and an airborne infantry battalion, which are supported by several small regionally-based infantry units; the Gendarmerie has regionally-based &ldquo;legions,&rdquo; as well as mobile forces, a national parks security unit, and a special intervention group; the Air Force has a small number of older French-made fighter aircraft and some combat helicopters, also mostly of French origin; the Navy has a small force of patrol boats (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022 in the waters off Gabon; the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""

6
africa/gh.json
View file

@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "All Peoples Congress or APC [Hassan AYARIGA]<br>Convention People's Party or CPP [Onsy Kwame NKRUMAH, acting]<br>Ghana Freedom Party or GFP [Akua DONKOR]<br>Ghana Union Movement or GUM [Christian Kwabena ANDREWS]<br>Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Henry Herbert LARTEY]<br>Liberal Party of Ghana or LPG [Kofi AKPALOO]<br>National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA]<br>National Democratic Party or NDP [Nana Konadu Agyeman RAWLINGS]<br>New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO]<br>People's National Convention or PNC [David APASERA]<br>Progressive People's Party or PPP [Paa Kwesi NDUOM]<br>United Front Party or UFP [Dr. Nana A. BOATENG]<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Akwasi Addai ODIKE]",
"text": "All Peoples Congress or APC [Hassan AYARIGA]<br>Convention People's Party or CPP [Onsy Kwame NKRUMAH, acting]<br>Ghana Freedom Party or GFP [Akua DONKOR]<br>Ghana Union Movement or GUM [Christian Kwabena ANDREWS]<br>Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Henry Herbert LARTEY]<br>Liberal Party of Ghana or LPG [Kofi AKPALOO]<br>National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA]<br>National Democratic Party or NDP [Nana Konadu Agyeman RAWLINGS]<br>New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO]<br>People's National Convention or PNC [Janet NABIA]<br>Progressive People's Party or PPP [Paa Kwesi NDUOM]<br>United Front Party or UFP [Dr. Nana A. BOATENG]<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Akwasi Addai ODIKE]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are those which participated in the 2020 general election"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@
"text": "approximately 14,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; in recent years, China and Czechia have been among the leading arms suppliers (2023)"
"text": "the military's inventory is a mix older and some newer Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription (2022)"
@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
"text": "<p>disputed maritime border between Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a transit and destination point for illicit drugs trafficked from Asia and South America to other African nations and Europe, and to a lesser extent the United States; cultivation of cannabis for domestic use and is trafficked to regional markets or to Europe"
"text": "<p>Ghana is a transit and destination point for illicit drugs trafficked from Asia and South America to other African countries, Europe, and to a lesser extent North America;  not a significant source for drugs entering the United States;  limited local consumption of controlled pharmaceuticals, cocaine, and heroin from Asia and South America; cannabis cultivated and produced in large quantities in most rural areas of Ghana  </p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

2
africa/gv.json
View file

@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@
"text": "approximately 12,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of aging and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2022)"
"text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of aging and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, and South Africa (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "Voluntary and selective conscripted service, 9-24 mos (2022)"

8
africa/iv.json
View file

@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single renewable 5-year term ; election last held on 31 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025); vice president elected on same ballot as president; prime minister appointed by the president; note &ndash; because President OUATTARA promulgated the new constitution during his second term, he has claimed that the clock is reset on term limits, allowing him to run for up to two additional terms"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single renewable 5-year term ; election last held on 31 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025); vice president elected on same ballot as president; prime minister appointed by the president; note &ndash; because President OUATTARA promulgated the new constitution in 2016, he has claimed that the clock is reset on term limits, allowing him to run for up to two additional terms"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2020: </em>Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 94.3%, Kouadio Konan BERTIN (PDCI-RDA) 2.0%, other 3.7%</p> <p><em>2015: </em>Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 83.7%, Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN (FPI) 9.3%, Konan Bertin KOUADIO (independent) 3.9%, other 3.1% </p>"
@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (99 seats; 66 members indirectly elected by the National Assembly and members of municipal, autonomous districts, and regional councils, and 33 members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (255 seats - 254 for 2021-2026 term; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held on 31 March 2023)<br>National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in September 2023)<br>National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)</p> <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent by party NA; seats by party - RHDP 50, independent 16; composition - men 80, women 19, percent of women 19.2%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - RHDP 49.2%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.5%, DPIC 6%, TTB 2.1%, IPF 2%, other seats 24.2%; seats by party - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, EDS 8, TTB 8, IPF 2, independent 26; composition - men 218, women 36, percent of women 14.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.6%</p>"
@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 462-9444"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>info@ambacidc.org<br><br>https://ambaciusa.org/#"
"text": "<br>info@ambacidc.org<br><br>Ambassade de Cote D’ivoire aux USA (ambaciusa.org)"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@
"text": "850 Mali (MINUSMA) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the military has mutinied several times since the late 1990s, most recently in 2017, and has had a large role in the country’s political turmoil; the FACI's operational focus is internal security and the growing threat posed by Islamic militants associated with the al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) terrorist group operating across the border in Burkina Faso; AQIM militants conducted significant attacks in the country in 2016 and 2020; Côte d’Ivoire since 2016 has stepped up border security and completed building a joint counter-terrorism training center with France near Abidjan in 2020<br><br>the UN maintained a 9,000-strong peacekeeping force in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI) from 2004 until 2017 (2022)"
"text": "the military has mutinied several times since the late 1990s, most recently in 2017, and has had a large role in the country’s political turmoil; the FACI's operational focus is internal security and the growing threat posed by Islamic terrorists associated with the al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) terrorist group operating across the border in Burkina Faso; AQIM militants conducted significant attacks in the country in 2016 and 2020; Côte d’Ivoire since 2016 has stepped up border security and completed building a joint counter-terrorism training center with France near Abidjan in 2020<br><br>the UN maintained a 9,000-strong peacekeeping force in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI) from 2004 until 2017 (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported one product tanker hijacked and one product tanker boarded in the territorial and offshore waters of Cote d'Ivoire in 2022; in both cases the ship's cargo and valuables were stolen; the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""

6
africa/ke.json
View file

@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
"text": "Ambassador Lazarus Ombai AMAYO (since 17 July 2020)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1616 P Street NW, Suite 340, Washington, DC 20036"
"text": "2249 R St NW, Washington, DC 20008"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 387-6101"
@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "281,319 (Somalia), 157,402 (South Sudan), 72,192 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,392 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)"
"text": "281,319 (Somalia), 157,402 (South Sudan), 55,805 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,392 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2021)"
@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit country for a variety of illicit drugs, including heroin and cocaine; transit location for precursor chemicals used to produce methamphetamine and other drugs; transshipment country for heroin from Southwest Asia destined for international markets, mainly Europe, and cocaine transits shipped through Ethiopia from South America; cultivates cannabis and miraa (khat) for both local use and export</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit country for illicit drugs and precursor chemicals; domestic drug consumption of cannabis and miraa (khat) is growing; heroin enters Kenya via Tanzania and in shipments across the Indian Ocean from Southwest Asia mostly destined for international markets, principally Europe; cocaine enters Kenya primarily via transshipment through Ethiopia</p>"
}
}
}

4
africa/li.json
View file

@ -604,7 +604,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 723-0436"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>info@liberiaemb.org<br><br>http://www.liberianembassyus.org/"
"text": "<br>info@liberiaembus.org<br><br>http://www.liberianembassyus.org/"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "New York"
@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>Liberia-Guinea</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Liberia-Sierra Leone</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>not a significant transit country for illicit narcotics but proximity to major drug routes contribute to trafficking; not a significant producer of illicit narcotics; local drug use involves marijuana, heroin, cocaine, the synthetic opioid tramadol, and amphetamine-type stimulants</p>"
"text": "<p>not a significant transit country for illicit narcotics bound for the United States or Europe; not a key producer of illicit drugs; proximity to major drug transit routes contribute to trafficking cocaine and heroin, to and through Liberia and other West African countries; local drug use involves locally grown cannabis, heroin (mostly smoked), cocaine (snorted), and more recently kush (Cannabis Indic’s type flower), mixed with different substances including heroin or synthetic DMT</p>"
}
}
}

14
africa/lt.json
View file

@ -114,10 +114,10 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%"
"text": "Sotho 99.7%, other 0.3% (includes San, Kwena, Nguni (Hlubi and Phuthi), Zulu)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa"
"text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Protestant 47.8% (Pentecostal 23.1%, Lesotho Evangelical 17.3%, Anglican 7.4%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, other Christian 9.1%, non-Christian 1.4%, none 2.3% (2014 est.)"
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "Prime Minister Ntsokoane Samuel MATEKANE (4 November 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "consists of the prime minister, appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State, the deputy prime minister, and 26 other ministers"
"text": "consists of the prime minister, appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State, the deputy prime minister, and 15 other ministers"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary, but under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a \"living symbol of national unity\" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law, the College of Chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, to determine next in line of succession, or to serve as regent in the event that a successor is not of mature age; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister"
@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last nominated by the king on July 2022 (next in late July 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held on October 2027)</p>"
"text": "<p>Senate - last nominated by the king on July 2022 (next in late July 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held in October 2027)</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 26, women 7, percent of women 21.2%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of votes by party - RFP 38.9%, DC 24.7%, ABC 7.1%, BAP 5.4%, AD 4.0%, MEC 3.2%, LCD 2.3%, SR 2.1%, BNP 1.4%, PFD 0.9%, BCM 0.8%, MPS 0.8%, MIP 0.7%; seats by party - RFP 56, DC 29, ABC 8, BAP 6, AD 5, MEC 4, LCD 3, SR 2, BNP 1, PFD 1,BCM 1, MPS 1, NIP 1, HOPE 1, TBD 1; composition - men 87, women 28, percent of women 23.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.9%</p>"
@ -590,10 +590,10 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC [Nkaku KABI]<br>Alliance of Democrats or AD [Monyane MOLELEKI]<br>Basotho Action Party or BAP [Nqosa MAHAO]<br>Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE]<br>Democratic Congress or DC [Mathibeli MOKHOTHU]<br>Democratic Party of Lesotho or DPL [Limpho TAU]<br>Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]<br>Movement of Economic Change or MEC [Selibe MOCHOBOROANE]<br>National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]<br>Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]<br>Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]"
"text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC [Nkaku KABI]<br>Alliance of Democrats or AD [Monyane MOLELEKI]<br>Basotho Action Party or BAP [Nqosa MAHAO]<br>Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE]<br>Democratic Congress or DC [Mathibeli MOKHOTHU]<br>Democratic Party of Lesotho or DPL [Limpho TAU]<br>Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]<br>Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Mabusetsa MAKHARILELEJ]<br>Movement of Economic Change or MEC [Selibe MOCHOBOROANE]<br>National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]<br>Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]<br>Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@
"text": "20-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa<br><br>the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was subsequently renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2023)"
"text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was subsequently renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
africa/mi.json
View file

@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 721-0288"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>malawiembassy-dc.org<br><br>http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/"
"text": "<br>info@malawiembassy-dc.org<br><br>http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {

10
africa/ml.json
View file

@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
"text": "Bambara 33.3%, Fulani (Peuhl) 13.3%, Sarakole/Soninke/Marka 9.8%, Senufo/Manianka 9.6%, Malinke 8.8%, Dogon 8.7%, Sonrai 5.9%, Bobo 2.1%, Tuareg/Bella 1.7%, other Malian 6%, from members of Economic Community of West Africa 0.4%, other 0.3% (2018 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)",
"text": "French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language"
},
"Religions": {
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Transition President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021); note - an August 2020 coup d'etat deposed President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA; on 21 September 2020, a group of 17 electors chosen by the Malian military junta, known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP) and led by Colonel Assimi GOITA, selected Bah NDAW as transition president; GOITA served as vice president of the transitional government which was inaugurated on 25 September 2020; Vice President GOITA seized power on 25 May 2021; NDAW resigned on 26 May 2021; on 6 June 2022, GOITA's government announced a transition period of 24 months with a return to civilian rule effective March 2024"
"text": "Transition President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021); note - an August 2020 coup d'etat deposed President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA; on 21 September 2020, a group of 17 electors chosen by the Malian military junta, known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP) and led by Colonel Assimi GOITA, selected Bah NDAW as transition president; GOITA served as vice president of the transitional government which was inaugurated on 25 September 2020; Vice President GOITA seized power on 25 May 2021; NDAW resigned on 26 May 2021; on 6 June 2022, GOITA's government announced a transition period of 24 months with a planned return to civilian rule by March 2024"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Transition Prime Minister Choguel MAIGA (appointed by Transitional President Assimi GOITA on 7 June 2021)<br><br>note: former transition Prime Minister Moctar OUANE was arrested and detained by the military on 24 May 2021 and resigned on 26 May 2021"
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 332-6603"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>infos@mali.embassy.us<br><br>https://www.maliembassy.us/"
"text": "<br>administration@maliembassy.us<br><br>https://www.maliembassy.us/"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@
"text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active FAMa personnel (includes up to 2,000 Air Force); approximately 5,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of mostly secondhand armaments from more than a dozen countries, especially Russia (2023)"
"text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of newer armaments from more than a dozen countries, especially China and Russia (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for men and women for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 24-month compulsory service obligation (2023)"
@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAMa is responsible for defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, but also has some domestic security duties, including the maintenance of public order and support to law enforcement if required, as well as counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it also participates in socio-economic development projects; the military has traditionally played a large role in Mali’s politics; prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, it had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012)<br><br>the FAMa and other security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent/terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and attacks are increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has regained strength in recent years<br><br>the FAMa and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained as many as 15,000 Malian soldiers and 8 combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; EUTM suspended its training program in 2022, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; over the same period, the French military provided considerable assistance to the Malian security forces and conducted counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in Mali; the French suspended operations in 2021 and in August 2022 withdrew the last of its forces while also citing issues with the military government; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of early 2023, MINUSMA had around 14,000 personnel assigned <br> <br>in addition to the EU-trained GTIAs, the Army has commandos and special forces, as well as recently created motorcycle-mounted reconnaissance units; the Air Force has small numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters, as well as a few armed UAVs; the Gendarmerie and National Guard field company-sized paramilitary units, including camel-mounted forces in the National Guard; they also have special anti-terrorism and intervention forces<br><br>the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; the contractors have also participated in security operations and been accused of war crimes; as of 2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2023)"
"text": "the FAMa is responsible for defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, but also has some domestic security duties, including the maintenance of public order and support to law enforcement if required, as well as counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it also participates in socio-economic development projects; the military has traditionally played a large role in Mali’s politics; prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, it had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012)<br><br>the FAMa and other security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent/terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and attacks are increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has regained strength in recent years<br><br>the FAMa and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained as many as 15,000 Malian soldiers and 8 combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; EUTM suspended its training program in 2022, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; over the same period, the French military provided considerable assistance to the Malian security forces and conducted counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in Mali; the French suspended operations in 2021 and in August 2022 withdrew the last of its forces while also citing issues with the military government; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of 2023, MINUSMA had around 15,000 personnel assigned <br> <br>in addition to the EU-trained GTIAs, the Army has commandos and special forces, as well as recently created motorcycle-mounted reconnaissance units; the Air Force has small numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters, as well as a few armed UAVs; the Gendarmerie and National Guard field company-sized paramilitary units, including camel-mounted forces in the National Guard; they also have special anti-terrorism and intervention forces<br><br>the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; the contractors have also participated in security operations and been accused of war crimes; as of 2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

6
africa/mo.json
View file

@ -645,10 +645,10 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 462-7979"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 462-7643"
"text": "[1] (202) 265-0161"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>Washingtonembbmorocco@maec.gov.ma<br><br>https://www.embassyofmorocco.us/"
"text": "<br>washingtonembmorocco@maec.gov.ma"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "New York"
@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>one of the world’s largest cannabis-producing countries with Europe as the main  market; hashish is also smuggled to South America and the Caribbean where it is exchanged for cocaine which is distributed in Europe; MDMA (ecstasy), originating in Belgium and the Netherlands is smuggled into northern Morocco for sale on the domestic market</p>"
"text": "<p>one of the world’s largest cannabis-producing country with Europe as the main  market; hashish is smuggled to South America and the Caribbean where it is exchanged for cocaine which is distributed in Europe; MDMA (ecstasy), originating in Belgium and the Netherlands is smuggled into northern Morocco for sale on the domestic market</p>"
}
}
}

6
africa/mp.json
View file

@ -562,17 +562,17 @@
"text": "Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance 2019; coalition includes PM, MSM, ML, and MAG) [Pravind JUGNAUTH] <br>Jean-Claude Barbier Movement (Mouvement Jean-Claude Barbier) or MJCB [Jean-Claude Barbier]<br>Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER]<br>Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]<br>Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]<br>Militant Platform or PM (Plateforme Militante) [Steven OBEEGADOO]<br>Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]<br>Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO]<br>National Alliance (coalition includes PTR, PMSD, and MJCB) [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]<br>Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotique) or MAG [Alan GANOO]<br>Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]<br> <p><strong>note</strong>: only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Purmanund JHUGROO (since 7 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; administrative offices at 3201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20036"
"text": "1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 244-1491; [1] (202) 244-1492"
"text": "[1] (202) 244-1491"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 966-0983"

2
africa/mr.json
View file

@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 319-2623"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>office@mauritaniaembassyus.com<br><br>http://mauritaniaembassyus.com/"
"text": "<br>ambarimwashington@diplomatie.gov.mr; ambarimwash@gmail.com<br><br>mauritaniaembassyus.org – Mauritania Embassy washington"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {

4
africa/mz.json
View file

@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
"text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Lutero SIMANGO]<br>Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]<br>Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the legislature listed"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OCHA, OHCHR, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNDSS, UNECA, UNEP,&nbsp; UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNODC, UNOPS, UNV, Union Latina, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "used by transnational organized crime networks from West and East Africa and South Asia as a transit point for drug trafficking and international money laundering; heroin from Southwest Asia, cocaine from South America, precursor chemicals and controlled pharmaceuticals from India, and methamphetamine from Nigeria transit destined for Southern Africa, Northern Africa, Europe, Canada, and the United States; cannabis is cultivated in Mozambique"
"text": "<br><br> <p>a transit country for large shipments of heroin and methamphetamine originating from Afghanistan to primarily South Africa</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

6
africa/ng.json
View file

@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; defense forces from each of the participating states are allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against Islamic militant groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders<br><br>the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram<br><br>in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey<br><br>the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; the FAN also conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during 1990-95 and 2007-09 (2023)"
"text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against terrorist groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders<br><br>the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram<br><br>in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey<br><br>the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; the FAN also conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during 1990-95 and 2007-09 (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1233,14 +1233,14 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "187,927 (Nigeria), 66,084 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "181,239 (Nigeria), 66,084 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "376,809 (includes the regions of Diffa, Tillaberi, and Tahoua; unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2022)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for illicit drugs trafficked through the Sahara; drugs from South America, particularly cocaine, heroin, cannabis products, and synthetic drugs, transit en route to European and Middle Eastern markets; synthetic opioid tramadol is shipped from Nigeria through Niger to other African countries; hashish from Morocco is trafficked to Libya, Egypt, Europe, and the Middle East; traffickers are formalized networks of Arab, Tuareg, and Toubou transportation groups</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit country for illegal drugs shipped through Niger to Africa, Europe, and the Middle East; drugs from South America, cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and various synthetics transit through Niger to European and Middle Eastern markets; hashish from Morocco is trafficked through Niger to Libya and Egypt and Europe and the Middle East; Nigerien citizens and migrants crossing Niger consume significant quantities  of  the opioid tramadol from neighboring Nigeria</p>"
}
}
}

12
africa/ni.json
View file

@ -593,13 +593,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br>Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br>Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives (360 seats statutory, 258 current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)</p> <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 64, PDP 39, YPP 1, APGA 1, NNPP 1; composition - men 101, women 3, percent of women 2.7%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 209, PDP 126, NNPP 8, APGA 5, SDP 5, LP 3, ADC 1, PRP 1, Accord 1; composition - men 348, women 11, percent of women 3.0%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.0%</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition - men 106, women 3, percent of women 2.75%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition - men 344, women 14, percent of women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.6%</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since&nbsp;24 December 2019)"
"text": "Vacant"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja"
@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active-duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023)"
@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into 8 divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army<br><br>the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)<br> <p>meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships</p> the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)"
"text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into 8 divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army<br><br>the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)<br> <p>meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships</p> the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in the territorial and offshore waters of Nigeria in 2022, down from six attacks in 2021; the offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"</p>"
@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol"
"text": "<p>Nigeria is a major hub for transnational drug trafficking networks entrenched throughout the world and supplying cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; also exporting massive quantities of opioids such as tramadol and captagon along with crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

6
africa/od.json
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@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "<p>Democratic Change or DC<br>Democratic Forum or DF<br>Labour Party or LPSS [Federico Awi VUNI]<br>South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA [Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii]<br>Sudan African National Union or SANU [Toby MADOUT]<br>Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]<br>Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon]<br>United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    <br>United South Sudan African Party or USSAP [Louis Pasquale ALEU, Secretary]<br>United South Sudan Party or USSP [Paulino LUKUDU Obede]     </p> <strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the Transitional National Legislative Assembly included"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO"
"text": "AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@
"text": "in 2023, South Sudan sent approximately 750 troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of an East Africa Community military peacekeeping force"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the SSPDF is largely focused on internal security; the Ground Force has approximately 8 light infantry divisions plus a mechanized presidential guard division (aka the Tiger Division); the Air Force has small numbers of transport aircraft and combat helicopters <br><br>the SSPDF, formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of 2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,500 military and police personnel (2023)"
"text": "the South Sudan People's Defense Forces (SSPDF) are largely focused on internal security; the Ground Force has approximately 8 light infantry divisions plus a mechanized presidential guard division (aka the Tiger Division); the Air Force has small numbers of transport aircraft and combat helicopters <br><br>the SSPDF, formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of 2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,500 military and police personnel (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "289,840 (Sudan) (2022); 11,446 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
"text": "289,840 (Sudan) (2022); 11,455 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2.23 million (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2023)"

2
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@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@
"text": "approximately 4,000 total active troops, including a few hundred air and naval personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FARP is poorly armed with an inventory consisting of Soviet-era equipment, much of which is reportedly unserviceable; over the past several years, it has received only a small amount of equipment from China and Spain (2022)"
"text": "the FARP is armed mostly with Soviet-era equipment, much of which is reportedly unserviceable (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger, with parental consent, for voluntary service (2023)"

4
africa/rw.json
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@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa (Pygmy)"
"text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "212,985 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,627 (Burundi) (2023)"
"text": "76,379 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,627 (Burundi) (2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "9,500 (2022)"

8
africa/se.json
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@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 1 additional term); election last held on 22-24 October 2020 (originally scheduled for December 2020 but moved up to coincide with the 22-24 October National Assembly election in order to cut election costs)"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 1 additional term); election last held on 22-24 October 2020 (originally scheduled for December 2020 but moved up to coincide with the 22-24 October 2025 National Assembly election in order to cut election costs)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2020</em>: Wavel RAMKALAWAN elected president; Wavel RAMKALAWAN (LDS) 54.9%, Danny FAURE (US) 43.5%, other 1.6%<br><br><em>2015</em>:  President James Alix MICHEL reelected president in second round; percent of vote first round - James Alix MICHEL (PL) 47.8%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (SNP) 35.3%, other 16.9%; percent of vote second round - James Alix MICHEL (PL) 50.2%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (SNP) 49.8%"
@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (35 seats in the 2020-25 term; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 9 members elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 22-24 Oct 2020 (next to be held&nbsp;October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and will be held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs"
"text": "last held on 22-24 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3% , other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US10; composition - men 27, women 8, percent of women 22.9%"
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
"text": "[1] (212) 972-1786"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>seychelles@un.int"
"text": "<br>seychelles@un.int; seychellesmission@sycun.org<br><br>Foreign Affairs Department Republic of Seychelles » United States of America (mfa.gov.sc)"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "New York"
@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@
"text": "18-28 (18-25 for officers) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year initial commitment; no conscription (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "formed in 1977, the SDF is one of the world's smallest militaries; its primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling; it was given police powers in 2022; the Seychelles have strong security ties with India (2023)"
"text": "formed in 1977, the SDF is one of the world's smallest militaries; its primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling; it was given police powers in 2022; the Seychelles has strong security ties with India (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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6
africa/sg.json
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@ -633,13 +633,13 @@
"text": "Ambassador Mansour Elimane KANE (since 6 January 2020)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2215 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007"
"text": "2215 M ST NW, Washington, DC 20037"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 234-0540"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 629-2961"
"text": "[1] (202) 332-6315; [1] (202) 629-2961"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>contact@ambasenegal-us.org<br><br>http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/index.php"
@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>major transit point on the cocaine route from South America to Europe; the third-largest cannabis-producing country in West Africa</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point on the cocaine route from South America to Europe; large production of cannabis in southern Casamance region; the high domestic use of cannabis, crack cocaine and to a lesser extent heroin</p>"
}
}
}

6
africa/sl.json
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@ -576,13 +576,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by a district block proportional representation vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
"text": "last held on 7 March 2018 (next to be held on 24 June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - APC 68, SLPP 49, C4C 8, other 7; composition - men 128, women 18, percent of women 12.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - APC 68, SLPP 49, C4C 8, other 7; composition as of May 2023 - men 127, women 19, percent of women 13%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

8
africa/su.json
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@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "according to the August 2019 Constitutional Declaration, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) was to have served as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections could be held; as of March 2022, the TLC had not been established"
"text": "according to the August 2019 Constitutional Declaration, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) was to have served as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections could be held; as of June 2023, the TLC had not been established"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Council of State - last held 1 June 2015; subsequently dissolved in April 2019<br>National Assembly - last held on 13-15 April 2015; subsequently dissolved in April 2019 <br>note – according to the 2019 Constitutional Declaration, elections for a new legislature are to be held in late 2023"
@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> many defense expenditures are probably off-budget"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "estimates vary widely; up to 200,000 SAF personnel; the strength of the RSF ranges from a low of about 30,000 members to as many as 100,000; estimated 80,000 Central Reserve Police (2023)"
"text": "estimates vary widely; up to 200,000 SAF personnel; the strength of the RSF ranges from a low of about 30,000 to as many as 100,000 fighters; up to 80,000 Central Reserve Police (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet-era, and domestically produced weapons systems; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms provider; Sudan has one of the largest defense industries in Africa, which includes state-owned companies with military involvement; it mostly manufactures weapons systems under license from China, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine (2022)"
@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@
"text": "approximately 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (East African Community stabilization force)<br><br>Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the SAF is large, relatively well-equipped, and supported by militia and paramilitary forces, particularly the RSF; its primary focuses are internal security, border issues, and potential external threats from its neighbors; both the SAF and the RSF have some operational experience from internal security operations and Sudan’s years-long intervention in Yemen with the Saudi-led coalition; information on the organization of the SAF and the RSF varies; the Army is estimated to have more than 10 infantry divisions, as well as divisions of mechanized, armored, and airborne/special forces, and several independent infantry brigades; the RSF is a lightly-armed force reportedly organized into paramilitary brigades of varying size and makeup; the Air Force has several squadrons of Chinese- and Russian-origin combat  aircraft, as well as multiple squadrons of combat helicopters, also largely of Russian origin; the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol boats   <br><br>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,800 personnel deployed as of early 2023<br><br>in addition, the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2023)"
"text": "<p>the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) is large and relatively well-equipped military; its primary focuses are internal security, border issues, and potential external threats from its neighbors; the SAF is often supported by militia and paramilitary forces, particularly the Rapid Support Forces (RSF); in the Spring of 2023, heavy fighting broke out between the SAF and the paramilitary RSF; both the SAF and the RSF have some operational experience from internal security operations and Sudan’s years-long intervention in Yemen with the Saudi-led coalition; information on the organization of the SAF and the RSF varies; the SAF Army is estimated to have more than 10 infantry divisions, as well as divisions of mechanized, armored, and airborne/special forces, and several independent infantry brigades; the SAF Air Force has several squadrons of Chinese- and Russian-origin combat  aircraft, as well as multiple squadrons of combat helicopters, also largely of Russian origin; the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol boats; the RSF is a lightly-armed ground force reportedly organized into brigades of varying size and makeup   </p> <p>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,800 personnel deployed as of early 2023<br><br>in addition, the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in December 2020; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in June 2021<br><br>the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in September 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
"text": "808,336 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 137,402 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,477 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,334 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 24,370 (Central African Republic) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "3.71 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2022)"
"text": "1.67 million (armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan since 15 April 2023) (2023)"
}
}
}

8
africa/to.json
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@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 February 2020 (next to be held&nbsp; February 2025); prime minister appointed by the president"
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 February 2020 (next to be held 2025); prime minister appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2020:</em> Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 70.8%, Agbeyome KODJO (MPDD) 19.5%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 4.7%, other 5%<br><br><em>2015:</em> Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 58.8%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 35.2%, Tchaboure GOGUE (ADDI) 4%, other 2%</p> <p> </p>"
@ -589,13 +589,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); party lists are required to contain equal numbers of men and women"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 20 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 6, NET 3, MPDD 3, other 2, independent 18; composition - men 74, women 17, percent of women 18.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 7, NET 3, MPDD 2, MRC 1, PDP 1, independent 18; composition - men 76, women 15, percent of women 16.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]<br>Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]<br>Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]<br>Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]<br>National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]<br>New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]<br>Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]<br>Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]<br>Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO] <br>Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]<br>The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]<br>Union of Forces for Change or UFC [N/A]<br>Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]"
"text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]<br>Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]<br>Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]<br>Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]<br>National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]<br>New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]<br>Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]<br>Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]<br>Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO] <br>Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]<br>The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]<br>Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Dr. Gilchrist Sylvanus OLYMPIO]<br>Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

10
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -592,16 +592,16 @@
"text": "Ambassador (vacant)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "675 Third Avenue, Suite 1807, New York, NY 10017"
"text": "122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604<br>New York, NY 101168"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (212) 651-8116"
"text": "[1] (212) 317-0533"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (212) 651-8117"
"text": "[1] (212) 317-0580"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>rdstppmun@gmail.com"
"text": "<br>stp1@attglobal.net<br><br>Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (reportedly not enforced); 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats (2022)"
"text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in the territorial and offshore waters of Sao Tome and Principe in 2022; the offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""

8
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -647,13 +647,13 @@
"text": "1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 884-1080, [1] (202) 939-6125, [1] (202) 939-6127"
"text": "[1] (202) 884-1080"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 797-7408"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>ubalozi@tanzaniaembassy-us.org<br><br>https://tanzaniaembassy-us.org/"
"text": "<br>ubalozi@tanzaniaembassy-us.org<br><br>https://us.tzembassy.go.tz/"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1284,11 +1284,11 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "126,493 (Burundi), 82,220 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
"text": "126,614 (Burundi), 82,612 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>significant transit country for illicit drugs in East Africa; international drug-trafficking organizations and courier networks transit through Tanzania to smuggle heroin and methamphetamine from Southwest Asia; produces cannabis products and khat for domestic consumption and regional and international distribution; traffickers influence politicians, law enforcement, and others in positions of power with money</p> (2021)"
"text": "<p>significant transit country for illicit drugs in East Africa; international drug trafficking organizations and courier networks transit illicit drugs through mainland Tanzania to markets in Europe and North America; cultivates cannabis and khat for domestic consumption and regional and international distribution; domestic drug use continues increasing including methamphetamine use</p> (2021)"
}
}
}

8
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
"text": "several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2017"
"text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2018"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -602,7 +602,7 @@
"text": "Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]<br>Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT]<br>Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]<br>National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]<br>National Unity Platform [Robert Kyagulanyi SSENTAMU, known as Bobi WINE]<br>People's Progressive Party or PPP [Jaberi Bidandi SSALI]<br>Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]<br><br><strong>note: </strong>only parties with seats in Parliament listed"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OHCHR, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAIDS, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNDESA, UNDP, UNDSS, UNFCCC, UNFPA, UNDRR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNODC, UNOPS, UNSOM, UNV,&nbsp; UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 726-1727"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>washington@mofa.go.ug; info@ugandaembassysus.org; ambauganda@aol.com<br><br>https://washington.mofa.go.ug/"
"text": "<br>washington@mofa.go.ug; info@ugandaembassyus.org<br><br>https://washington.mofa.go.ug/"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "868,930 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 487,044 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 69,992 (Somalia), 41,252 (Burundi), 31,424 (Eritrea), 23,299 (Rwanda), 6,689 (Ethiopia) (2023)"
"text": "875,848 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 487,201 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 69,533 (Somalia), 41,382 (Burundi), 31,424 (Eritrea), 23,299 (Rwanda), 6,689 (Ethiopia) (2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "67,000 (2022)"

10
africa/uv.json
View file

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Mossi 52%, Fulani 8.4%, Gurma 7%, Bobo 4.9%, Gurunsi 4.6%, Senufo 4.5%, Bissa 3.7%, Lobi 2.4%, Dagara 2.4%, Tuareg/Bella 1.9%, Dioula 0.8%, unspecified/no answer 0.3%, other 7.2% (2010 est.)"
"text": "Mossi 52%, Fulani (Peuhl) 8.4%, Gurma 7%, Bobo 4.9%, Gurunsi 4.6%, Senufo 4.5%, Bissa 3.7%, Lobi 2.4%, Dagara 2.4%, Tuareg/Bella 1.9%, Dioula 0.8%, unspecified/no answer 0.3%, other 7.2% (2010 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Mossi 52.9%, Fula 7.8%, Gourmantche 6.8%, Dyula 5.7%, Bissa 3.3%, Gurunsi 3.2%, French (official) 2.2%, Bwamu 2%, Dagara 2%, San 1.7%, Marka 1.6%, Bobo 1.5%, Senufo 1.5%, Lobi 1.2%, other 6.6% (2019 est.)"
@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {
"text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA from being an electoral candidate after the transition"
"text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring the transitional president from being an electoral candidate after the transition"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended several times"
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly; note - on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA from being an electoral candidate after the transition."
"text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held by July 2024); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2020:</em> Roch Marc Christian KABORE reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 57.9%, Eddie KOMBOIGO (CDP) 15.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC)12.5%, other 14.1%<br><br><em>2015:</em> Roch Marc Christian KABORE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 53.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC) 29.6%, Tahirou BARRY (PAREN) 3.1%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA (UNIR-MS) 2.8%, other 10.9%"
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)"
"text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held by July 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - MPP 34.6%, CDP 13.3%, UPC 10.2%, NTD 5.6%, other 36.3%; seats by party - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12, other 26; composition as of October 2021 - men 119, women 8, percent of women 6.3%"
@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FABF has a history of interference in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since its formation in 1960-61, including the most recent in September of 2022; several combat units were disbanded in 2011 following mutinies; while the FABF is responsible for external defense, it has an internal security role and can be called out to assist internal security forces in restoring public order, combating crime, securing the border, and counterterrorism; indeed, for more than a decade, its focus has largely been combatting terrorism, and it is actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; the FABF is struggling to contain the groups, however, and a large portion of the country—40% by some estimates—is not under government control<br><br>in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operates in the eastern part of the country<br><br>the Army’s combat forces include a mix of about 8 small (battalion-sized) infantry and combined arms regiments, plus battalions of artillery and special forces historically deployed in 3 military regions; in November 2022, the military government announced it was creating 6 rapid reaction battalions (bataillon de réaction rapide or BIR), expanding the number of military regions to 6, and establishing 6 Gendarmerie “legions”; currently, the Gendarmerie has approximately 8 mobile squadrons stationed across 3 regions; in addition to its counterterrorism missions, the Gendarmerie’s Special Legion fights organized crime and provides security for high-level officials and government institutions; the Air Force’s primary mission is providing support to the Army; it has small numbers of combat aircraft, combat helicopters, and armed UAVs acquired from Turkey (2023)"
"text": "the FABF has a history of interference in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since its formation in 1960-61, including the most recent in September of 2022; several combat units were disbanded in 2011 following mutinies; while the FABF is responsible for external defense, it has an internal security role and can be called out to assist internal security forces in restoring public order, combating crime, securing the border, and counterterrorism; indeed, for more than a decade, its focus has largely been combatting terrorism, and it is actively engaged in combat operations to counter terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; the FABF is struggling to contain the groups, however, and a large portion of the country—40% by some estimates—is not under government control<br><br>in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups taht act as al-Qa'ida in the Land of the Islamic Magreb's (AQIM) arm in the Sahel, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operates in the eastern part of the country<br><br>the Army’s combat forces include a mix of about 8 small (battalion-sized) infantry and combined arms regiments, plus battalions of artillery and special forces historically deployed in 3 military regions; in November 2022, the military government announced it was creating 6 rapid reaction battalions (bataillon de réaction rapide or BIR), expanding the number of military regions to 6, and establishing 6 Gendarmerie “legions”; currently, the Gendarmerie has approximately 8 mobile squadrons stationed across 3 regions; in addition to its counterterrorism missions, the Gendarmerie’s Special Legion fights organized crime and provides security for high-level officials and government institutions; the Air Force’s primary mission is providing support to the Army; it has small numbers of combat aircraft, combat helicopters, and armed UAVs acquired from Turkey (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

8
africa/wz.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Autonomy for Eswatini was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. A new constitution came into effect in 2006, which included provisions for a more independent parliament and judiciary, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear. King MSWATI III renamed the country from Swaziland to Eswatini in April 2018. Despite its classification as a lower-middle income country, Eswatini suffers from severe poverty and high unemployment. Eswatini has the world's highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate, although recent years have shown marked declines in new infections. <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>A Swazi kingdom was founded in the mid-18th century and ruled by a series of kings including MSWATI II, a 19th century ruler whose appellation was adopted to become the name of the country and its predominant ethnic group. The kingdom’s modern borders were defined by European countries during the late-19th century and Swaziland (as it became known) was administered as a UK high commission territory from 1903 until its independence in 1968. A new constitution came into effect in 2006, which included provisions for a more independent parliament and judiciary, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear, and the kingdom is still considered an absolute monarchy. King MSWATI III renamed the country from Swaziland to Eswatini in 2018 to reflect the name most commonly used by its citizens. In 2021, MSWATI III used security forces to suppress prodemocracy protests and established a national dialogue on political reforms. Despite its classification as a lower-middle income country, Eswatini suffers from severe poverty, corruption, and high unemployment. Eswatini has the world's highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate, although recent years have shown marked declines in new infections. Eswatini is the only country in Africa that recognizes Taiwan.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"text": "English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)"
"text": "Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and traditional African religions - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other Christian 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Eswatini, a small, predominantly rural, landlocked country surrounded by South Africa and Mozambique, suffers from severe poverty and the world’s highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate. A weak and deteriorating economy, high unemployment, rapid population growth, and an uneven distribution of resources all combine to worsen already persistent poverty and food insecurity, especially in rural areas. Erratic weather (frequent droughts and intermittent heavy rains and flooding), overuse of small plots, the overgrazing of cattle, and outdated agricultural practices reduce crop yields and further degrade the environment, exacerbating Eswatini's poverty and subsistence problems. Eswatini's extremely high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate – nearly 28% of adults have the disease – compounds these issues. Agricultural production has declined due to HIV/AIDS, as the illness causes households to lose manpower and to sell livestock and other assets to pay for medicine and funerals.</p> <p>Swazis, mainly men from the country’s rural south, have been migrating to South Africa to work in coal, and later gold, mines since the late 19th century. Although the number of miners abroad has never been high in absolute terms because of Eswatini's small population, the outflow has had important social and economic repercussions. The peak of mining employment in South Africa occurred during the 1980s. Cross-border movement has accelerated since the 1990s, as increasing unemployment has pushed more Swazis to look for work in South Africa (creating a \"brain drain\" in the health and educational sectors); southern Swazi men have continued to pursue mining, although the industry has downsized. Women now make up an increasing share of migrants and dominate cross-border trading in handicrafts, using the proceeds to purchase goods back in Eswatini. Much of today’s migration, however, is not work-related but focuses on visits to family and friends, tourism, and shopping.</p>"
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 234-8254"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>embassy@swaziland-usa.com; swaziland@compuserve.com"
"text": "<br>embassy@eswatini-usa.com; swaziland@compuserve.com"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@
"text": "approximately 3,000 active duty personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the UEDF is lightly armed with mostly South African equipment (2022)"
"text": "the UEDF is lightly armed with mostly older equipment from Europe, South Africa, and the US (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2021)"

2
africa/za.json
View file

@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 12 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2021</em>: Hakainde HICHILEMA elected president; percent of the vote -   Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 57.9%, Edgar LUNGU (PF) 37.3%, other 4.8%<br><br><em>2016</em>: Edgar LUNGU re-elected president; percent of vote - Edgar LUNGU (PF) 50.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 47.6%, other 2%</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p><em>2021</em>: Hakainde HICHILEMA elected president; percent of the vote -   Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 57.9%, Edgar LUNGU (PF) 37.3%, other 4.8%<br><br><em>2016</em>: Edgar LUNGU re-elected president; percent of vote - Edgar LUNGU (PF) 50.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 47.6%, other 2%</p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

8
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
"text": "each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><em>2018:</em> Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%<br><br><em>2013: </em>Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p><em>2018:</em> Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%<br><br><em>2013: </em>Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns</p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 2 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)<br><br>National Assembly (270 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)<br>National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)<br>National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 34, MDC Alliance 25, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2, MDC-T 1; composition - men 45, women 35, percent of women 43.8%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 179, MDC Alliance 88, MDC-T 1, NPF 1, independent 1; composition - men 184, women 81, percent of women 31.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%</p>"
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021);"
"text": "Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009"
@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@
"text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (18-24 for officer cadets; 18-30 for technical/specialist personnel); no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "ZDF’s primary responsibilities are protecting the country’s sovereignty and territory and securing its borders; it also has a considerable role in domestic security and has continued to be active in the country’s politics since the 2017 coup; the ZDF is part of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force and has provided troops to the SADC deployment to Mozambique; Zimbabwe has defense ties with China and Russia; the Army has approximately 5 light infantry brigades, plus brigades of mechanized infantry, presidential guards, special operations, and artillery; the Air Force has a few dozen operational Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters <br><br>the ZDF was formed after independence from the former Rhodesian Army and the two guerrilla forces that opposed it during the Rhodesian Civil War (aka \"Bush War\") of the 1970s, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA); the ZDF intervened in the Mozambique Civil War (1983-1992), the Democratic Republic of Congo during the Second Congo War (1998-2003), and the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) during the late 1990s (2023)"
"text": "ZDF’s primary responsibilities are protecting the country’s sovereignty and territory and securing its borders; it also has a considerable role in domestic security and has continued to be active in the country’s politics since the 2017 military-assisted political transition; the ZDF is part of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force and has provided troops to the SADC deployment to Mozambique; Zimbabwe has defense ties with China and Russia; the Army has approximately 5 light infantry brigades, plus brigades of mechanized infantry, presidential guards, special operations, and artillery; the Air Force has a few dozen operational Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters <br><br>the ZDF was formed after independence from the former Rhodesian Army and the two guerrilla forces that opposed it during the Rhodesian Civil War (aka \"Bush War\") of the 1970s, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA); the ZDF intervened in the Mozambique Civil War (1983-1992), the Democratic Republic of Congo during the Second Congo War (1998-2003), and the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) during the late 1990s (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

4
australia-oceania/as.json
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@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
"text": "Ambassador Kevin Michael RUDD (since 19 April 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 (new chancery building under construction; formal opening scheduled for late 2023)<br>temporary location: 1145 17th St NW, Washington DC, 20036-4707"
"text": "temporary location: 1145 17th St NW, Washington DC, 20036-4707<br><br>note - new chancery building under construction at 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036; formal opening scheduled for late 2023"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 797-3000"
@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines"
"text": "<p> amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and cannabis dominate the domestic illicit drug market and shown potential for expansion, with ATS accounting for the preponderance of detected imports; domestic heroin market is small, but also shown some growth; as of 2020, Malaysia was the primary embarkation point for heroin and ATS imports other than MDMA (ecstasy) for which South Korea was the primary embarkation point although MDMA is increasingly being produced domestically with number of detected labs nearly doubled.  The US is the principal embarkation point for imported cannabis; Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/bp.json
View file

@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
"text": "685 Third Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10017"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (212) 599-6192; [1] (212) 599-6193"
"text": "[1] (212) 599-6192"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (212) 661-8925"

4
australia-oceania/fj.json
View file

@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 466-8320"
"text": "[1] (917) 208-4560"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 466-8325"
@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
"text": "approximately 4,000 active personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2022)"
"text": "the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2022)"

2
australia-oceania/fp.json
View file

@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Dominique SORAIN (since 10 July 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President of French Polynesia Edouard FRITCH (since 12 September 2014)"
"text": "President of French Polynesia Moetai BROTHERSON Edouard FRITCH (since 12 May 2023)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers approved by the Assembly from a list of its members submitted by the president"

2
australia-oceania/kt.json
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@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
"text": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities &amp; Regional Development"
"text": "non-self-governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities &amp; Regional Development"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {

4
australia-oceania/nc.json
View file

@ -444,7 +444,7 @@
"text": "unicameral Territorial Congress or Congrès du Territoire (54 seats; members indirectly selected proportionally by the partisan makeup of the 3 Provincial Assemblies or Assemblés Provinciales; members of the 3 Provincial Assemblies directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, the indigenous population, which rules on laws affecting the indigenous population<br>New Caledonia indirectly elects 2 members to the French Senate by an electoral colleges for a 6-year term with one seat renewed every 3 years and directly elects 2 members to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)<br>French Senate - election last held in September 2019 (next to be held not later than 2021)<br>French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)"
"text": "<br>Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)<br>French Senate - election last held in September 2019 (next to be held not later than 2021)<br>French National Assembly - election last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party - Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26);<br>French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2<br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2"
@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Caledonia Together or CE [Philippe GOMES]<br>Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA]<br>Future With Confidence or AEC [Virginie RUFFENACH]<br>Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Victor TUTUGORO]<br>Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI]<br>National Union for Independence (Union Nationale pour l'Independance) or UNI [Louis MAPOU]<br>Oceanian Awakening [Milakulo TUKUMULI]<br>Party of Kanak Liberation (Parti de Liberation Kanak) or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]<br>Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Basile CITRE]<br>The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Christian JACOB]"
"text": "Caledonia Together or CE [Philippe GOMES]<br>Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA]<br>Future With Confidence or AEC [Virginie RUFFENACH]<br>Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Victor TUTUGORO]<br>Labor Party or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI]<br>National Union for Independence or UNI [Louis MAPOU]<br>Oceanian Awakening [Milakulo TUKUMULI]<br>Party of Kanak Liberation or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]<br>Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Basile CITRE]<br>The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Sonia BACKES]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WMO"

10
australia-oceania/nh.json
View file

@ -551,17 +551,17 @@
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Odo TEVI (since 8 September 2017)<br>note - also Permanent Representative to the UN"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (212) 661-4303"
"text": "[1] (212) 661-4323"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (212) 422-3427"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "email - vanunmis@aol.com<br>web address - https://www.un.int/vanuatu/"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017"
"text": "<br>vanunmis@aol.com<br><br>https://www.un.int/vanuatu/"
},
"note": "note - the Vanuatu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the embassy"
},

2
australia-oceania/ps.json
View file

@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. elected president (in second round); percent of vote - Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. (independent) 56.7%, Raynold OILUCH (independent) 43.3%"
"text": "<p><em>2020: </em>Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. elected president (in second round); percent of vote - Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. (independent) 56.7%, Raynold OILUCH (independent) 43.3%<br><br><em>2016:</em> Tommy REMENGESAU reelected president; percent of vote - Tommy REMENGESAU (independent) 51.3%, Surangel WHIPPS, Jr.(independent) 48.7%; Antonio BELLS elected vice president</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

8
australia-oceania/tv.json
View file

@ -539,6 +539,9 @@
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant)<br>note - also Permanent Representative to UN; Tapugao FALEFOU presented his credentials to the Secretary General of the UN on 30 December 2022, but has not presented his credentials for Ambassador to the US as of 1 June 2023"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "685 Third Avenue, Suite 1104, New York, NY 10017"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (212) 490-0534"
},
@ -546,10 +549,7 @@
"text": "[1] (212) 808-4975"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "email - tuvalumission.un@gmail.com<br>web address - https://www.un.int/tuvalu/about"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "685 Third Avenue, Suite 1104, New York, NY 10017"
"text": "<br>tuvalumission.un@gmail.com<br><br>https://www.un.int/tuvalu/about"
},
"note": "note - the Tuvalu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the Embassy"
},

2
australia-oceania/ws.json
View file

@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
"text": "[1] (212) 599-0797"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>samoanymission@outlook.com<br><br>https://www.un.int/samoa/samoa/embassy-independent-state-samoa-united-states-america"
"text": "<br>samoa@samoanymission.ws<br><br>https://www.un.int/samoa/samoa/embassy-independent-state-samoa-united-states-america"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Pago Pago (American Samoa)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json
View file

@ -991,7 +991,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>northbound transshipment point for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; Cocaine shipped to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe</p>"
"text": "<p>northbound transshipment point for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; cocaine shipped to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json
View file

@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@
"text": "18-23 years of age for voluntary military service for both men and women; no conscription (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2022)"
"text": "the ABDF’s responsibilities include providing for internal security and support to the police in maintaining law and order, interdicting narcotics smuggling, responding to natural disasters, and monitoring the country’s territorial waters and maritime resources; established in 1981 from colonial forces originally created in 1897, it is one of the world’s smallest militaries<br><br>the country has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json
View file

@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@
"text": "voluntary service only (men and women); 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizens of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Barbados has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security; the RSS is headquartered in Barbados (2023)"
"text": "formed in 1979, the Barbados Defense Force is responsible for protecting national security, but it may also be called up to maintain public order in times of crisis, emergency, or other specific needs, such as special joint patrols with the police; the Barbados Regiment traces its roots back to 1640 when the first units of the Barbados Militia were raised for defense purposes<br><br>Barbados has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security; the RSS is headquartered in Barbados (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary):</em> Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea.  The dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks. <br><br><em>Barbados-Trinidad and Tobago (Maritime Boundary):</em> Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone.</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json
View file

@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>The Bahamas-US (Maritime Boundary):</em> In declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation, The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors, The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation.  However, The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors, including the United States, whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island.</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a significant transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; illicit production of marijuana continues</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; small scale illicit production of marijuana continues</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json
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@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient, but conscription has never been implemented; initial service obligation is 12 years (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the BDF traces its history back to the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer force established in 1817; the BDF was established in 1978 from the disbanded Police Special Force and the Belize Volunteer Guard to assist the resident British forces with the defense of Belize against Guatemala</p> <p>the British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence; the presence consists of a small training support unit that provides jungle training to troops from the UK and international partners</p> (2023)"
"text": "<p>the Belize Defense Force (BDF) is responsible for external security but also provides some support to civilian authorities; it has limited powers of arrest within land and shoreline areas, while the Coast Guard has arrest powers and jurisdiction within coastal and maritime areas; the BDF traces its history back to the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer force established in 1817; the BDF was established in 1978 from the disbanded Police Special Force and the Belize Volunteer Guard to assist the resident British forces with the defense of Belize against Guatemala</p> <p>the British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence; the presence consists of a small training support unit that provides jungle training to troops from the UK and international partners</p> (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>Belize-Guatemala: </em>Demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory.  Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory. Smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking for sexual exploitation and debt bondage are all problems. Belize lacks resources to detect and extradite impoverished Guatemalan peasants squatting in Belizean rain forests in the remote border areas. At present, Belize and Honduras 12-nm territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique. Maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation.<br><br><em>Belize-Honduras:</em> Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum.</p> <p><em>Belize-Mexico:</em> Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty. Transshipment of illegal<strong> </strong>narcotics, smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, and the growing of marijuana in very low population areas are all issues in the region today.</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit country for illegal drugs, mainly cocaine, originating from countries in South America; low domestic drug consumption problem outside of recreational cannabis</p>"
"text": "<p>a significant drug trafficking and transit point between countries in South America and the United States; primary domestic use of narcotics is marijuana and some crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json
View file

@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
"text": "2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 499-2984"
"text": "[1] (202) 499-2980"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 265-4795"
@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>significant transit country for drugs entering the United States; a growing drug consumption problem; drugs warehoused in Costa Rica end up in the local market where criminal organizations use cocaine as payment for services. </p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<br><br> <p>Costa Rica remains a significant transshipment point for cocaine enroute to the United States from South America; a key transit point in international narcotics trafficking; transit and warehousing hub for illicit drug trafficking; growing domestic drug consumption problem; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p>"
}
}
}

6
central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json
View file

@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara"
"text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana (Havana), Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence"
@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@
"text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; conscripts serve for 24 months (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, transportation, and tourism (2023)"
"text": "the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) are a central pillar of the Cuban regime and viewed as the guardian of the Cuban revolution; it has a large role in the country’s politics and economy; many senior government posts are held by military officers, and a FAR-controlled umbrella enterprise known as the Armed Forces Business Group (Grupo de Administración Empresarial or GAESA) has interests in banking and finance, construction, import/export, ports, real estate, retail, shipping, transportation, and tourism<br><br>the FAR is largely focused on protecting territorial integrity and the state, and perceives the US as its primary threat; the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent end of Soviet military aid had far-reaching consequences for the FAR, transforming it from one of the largest and most capable militaries in the region, as well as one that was heavily involved in foreign missions during the Cold War, particularly in Africa, into a much smaller, home-based and defensive force with limited capabilities; the Army, once over 200,000 strong, but now estimated to have about 40,000 troops, is a conscript-based force armed with Soviet-era weapons and equipment and reportedly organized into 3 regional commands or armies, each with an undetermined number of divisional headquarters and brigades of artillery, light infantry, mechanized infantry, and tanks; the Army also has a special forces brigade, an airborne brigade, and a security brigade that faces the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay; the Navy once boasted several Soviet-made frigates and attack submarines but now maintains a small combat force of aging coastal patrol and mine warfare craft, as well as a midget attack submarine; its largest vessels are two former fishing trawlers that were converted into warships in the late 1970s; the Border Guards also have patrol vessels; the Air Defense force has surface-to-air missiles and hundreds of air defense artillery guns, while the Air Force has a few dozen operational Soviet-era fighter aircraft attack helicopters (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>Cuba is not a major consumer, producer, or transit point of illicit drugs; strict policing on smuggling, production and consumption; prescription drug abuse is increasing</p>"
"text": "<p>Cuba is not a major consumer, producer, or transshipment point for illicit drugs; domestic production and consumption curbed by aggressive policing; prescription drug abuse remains low</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

6
central-america-n-caribbean/do.json
View file

@ -488,7 +488,7 @@
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Judith-Anne ROLLE (since 16 December 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016"
"text": "1701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 200<br>Washington, DC 20006"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 364-6781"
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 364-6791"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "mail.embdomdc@gmail.com"
"text": "mail.embdomdc@gmail.com; <br><br>embdomdc@gmail.com"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "New York"
@ -995,7 +995,7 @@
"text": "<p>Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json
View file

@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2021, women made up approximately 20% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the military is primarily focused on countering illegal immigration and refugees along its 350-kilometer-long border with Haiti and interdicting air and maritime narcotics trafficking, as well as disaster relief (2023)"
"text": "the military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of the Dominican Republic; it also has an internal security role, which includes assisting with airport, border, port, tourism, and urban security, supporting the police in maintaining or restoring public order, countering transnational crime, and providing disaster or emergency relief/management; a key area of focus is securing the country&rsquo;s 217-mile (350-kilometer) long border with Haiti; the Army in recent years, for example, has assigned 3 of its 6 infantry brigades and some 10-12,000 troops to assist with security along the Haitian border; these forces complement the approximately 700 troops of the Border Security Corps permanently deployed along the border; the Air Force and Navy also provide support to the Haitian border mission; the Army has a brigade dedicated to managing and providing relief during natural disasters; the military also contributes personnel to the National Drug Control Directorate, and both the Air Force and Navy devote assets to detecting and interdicting narcotics trafficking; the Navy conducts regular bilateral maritime interdiction exercises with the US Navy (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a major transshipment point for cocaine transiting through the Caribbean"
"text": "<p>major transshipment point for cocaine shipments to the United States and Europe in the Caribbean; some drugs are consumed locally.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

10
central-america-n-caribbean/es.json
View file

@ -543,10 +543,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Felix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President F&eacute;lix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Felix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019)"
"text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President F&eacute;lix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president"
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 232-3763"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>correo@elsalvador.org"
"text": "infoEEUU@rree.gob.sv"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Atlanta, Boston, Brentwood (NY), Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Las Vegas (NV), Loreado (TX), Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), New York, San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco, Tucson (AZ), Washington (DC), Woodbridge (VA)"
@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@
"text": "175 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the National Civilian Police (Ministry of Justice and Public Security) is responsible for maintaining public security, while the Ministry of Defense is responsible for maintaining national security; the constitution separates public security and military functions, but allows the president to use the armed forces in exceptional circumstances to maintain internal peace and public security; in November 2019, President BUKELE signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; as of 2023, a considerable portion of the Army was deployed in support of the National Police (2023)"
"text": "the Armed Force of El Salvador (FAES) is responsible for defending national sovereignty and ensuring territorial integrity but also has considerable domestic security responsibilities; while the National Civil Police (PNC) is responsible for maintaining public security, the country’s constitution allows the president to use the FAES “in exceptional circumstances” to maintain internal peace and public security; in 2016, the government created a special 1,000-strong joint unit of Army commandos and police to fight criminal gangs; more military personnel were devoted to internal security beginning in 2019 when President BUKELE signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat rising gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; since the decree, a considerable portion of the Army has been deployed in support of the PNC; in late 2022 for example, more than 8,000 troops were deployed alongside some 2,000 police to a town on the outskirts of the capital to search for criminal gang members <br><br>the FAES trains regularly, as well as with regional partners and the US, in such areas as internal security and disaster relief operations; it has deployed small numbers of personnel on UN peacekeeping missions and in support of military operations in Iraq (2003-2009); the FAES is deployed throughout the country in zones; the Army’s combat units are 6 infantry brigades, plus a special security brigade comprised of border guards and military police, and an artillery brigade; the Navy operates about 10 patrol boats and has a small force of naval commandos; the Air Force has a few dozen light ground attack fixed-wing aircraft and multirole helicopters<br><br>the military led the country for much of the 20th century; from 1980 to 1992, it fought a bloody civil war against guerrillas from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front or FMLN, the paramilitary arm of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (Frente Democrático Revolucionario), a coalition of left-wing dissident political groups backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union; the FAES received considerable US support during the conflict; significant human rights violations occurred during the war and approximately 75,000 Salvadorans, mostly civilians, were killed (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States  </p>"
"text": "<p>a transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States;  a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json
View file

@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@
"text": "<p>none</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

6
central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json
View file

@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@
"text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active military personnel (18,000 Land Forces; 1,000 Naval Forces; 1,000 Air Forces); approximately 30,000 National Civil Police (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory is small and mostly comprised of older US equipment; in recent years, Guatemala has received small amounts of equipment from several countries, including the US (2022)"
"text": "the military's inventory is limited and mostly comprised of older US equipment; in recent years, Guatemala has received small amounts of equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Spain, and the US (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are eligible for military service; in practice, most of the force is volunteer, however, a selective draft system is employed, resulting in a small portion of 17-21 year-olds being conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 12-24 months; women may volunteer (2023)",
@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
"text": "155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the Army to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking <br><br>the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2023)"
"text": "the military is responsible for maintaining sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the honor of Guatemala, but has long focused on internal security; since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the military extensively to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking; in recent years, however, the military has moved to refocus on border security and preparing for conventional operations; it participates in UN missions on a small scale and has a peacekeeping operations training command that offers training to regional countries; the military has security ties with regional partners such as Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, and Honduras; cooperation with El Salvador and Honduras has included a combined police-military anti-gang task force to patrol border areas; it also has ties with the US, including joint training exercises and material assistance<br><br>the Land Forces are organized into approximately 15 small combat brigades, nearly half of which are infantry; the remainder include brigades of marines, military police, paratroopers, presidential guards, and special forces, including some specialized for jungle and mountain operations that were created to assist in combating crime; the Naval Force has commands for both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts, operates a small flotilla of patrol boats, and has a special forces element; the Air Force has a few light fixed-wing ground attack aircraft and multipurpose helicopters; for its internal security missions and supporting the police, the military has typically organized into task forces<br><br>the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a major transit country for illegal drugs destined for the United States with increasing cultivation originating from Guatemala; farmers &nbsp;cultivate opium poppy and cannabis"
"text": "<p>a major transit country for illegal drugs; illicit cultivation of opium poppies, marijuana, and coca plants in rural areas; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json
View file

@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@
"text": "not available"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "according to the Haitian Government, the mission of the reconstituted armed forces will focus on patrolling the border with the Dominican Republic, combating smuggling, and executing recovery efforts after natural disasters<br><br>the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) operated in Haiti from 2004 until 2017; its mission was to help restore stability after President Bertrand ARISTIDE fled the country, including assisting with the political process, strengthening government institutions, and promoting and protecting human rights; following the completion of MINUSTAH’s mandate in 2017, a smaller peacekeeping mission, the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH), operated until 2019; its mission was to assist with the further development and strengthening of the national police, as well as Haiti’s justice and prison systems, and to promote and protect human rights; in 2019, the UN established the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) with the political mission of advising the Haiti Government in elections, governance, and security; BINUH's current mandate last until July 2023 (2023)"
"text": "Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of much of the capital Port-au-Prince since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021; in 2023, an estimated 200 armed gangs were operating in Haiti<br><br>the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) operated in Haiti from 2004 until 2017; its mission was to help restore stability after President Bertrand ARISTIDE fled the country, including assisting with the political process, strengthening government institutions, and promoting and protecting human rights; following the completion of MINUSTAH’s mandate in 2017, a smaller peacekeeping mission, the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH), operated until 2019; its mission was to assist with the further development and strengthening of the national police, as well as Haiti’s justice and prison systems, and to promote and protect human rights; in 2019, the UN established the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) with the political mission of advising the Haiti Government in elections, governance, and security; BINUH's current mandate last until July 2023 (2023)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported one incident in the territorial waters of Haiti in 2022, a decrease from the four attacks in 2021; ports in Haiti continue to be affected by the crime of armed robbery; most of these occurred in the main port of Port-au-Prince while ships were berthed or at anchor"

11
central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json
View file

@ -545,10 +545,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; CASTRO is Honduras' first female president"
"text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTI&Eacute;RREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; CASTRO is Honduras' first female president"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022)"
"text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTI&Eacute;RREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by president"
@ -1209,11 +1209,14 @@
"text": "approximately 16,000 active personnel (7,500 Army; 1,500 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 2,000 Air Force; 5,000 Military Police of Public Order); approximately 18,000 National Police (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; in recent years, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Israel, and the Netherlands (2022)"
"text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; in recent years, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia and Israel (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service (men and women); no conscription (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2017, women made up over 4% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) are responsible for maintaining the country’s territory, defending its sovereignty, providing emergency/humanitarian assistance, and supporting the National Police (HNP); the FFAA’s primary focus is internal and border security, and since 2011 a considerable portion of it has been deployed to support the HNP in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; military support to domestic security included the creation of the Military Police of Public Order (PMOP) in 2013 to provide security in areas controlled by street gangs to combat crime and make arrests; the PMOP also has sent personnel to reinforce security operations along the country’s border as part of a tri-national security task force with El Salvador and Guatemala; the FFAA has received military equipment, training, humanitarian, and technical assistance from the US military; the US military maintains a joint service task force co-located with the FFAA at Soto Cano Air Base<br><br>the Army’s combat forces include 5 infantry brigades, a special operations group, and approximately 8 military police battalions; the Navy is a small force focused on coastal and riverine security that operates an ocean-going patrol vessel acquired in 2019 and supported by flotillas of small coastal and riverine patrol boats, as well as a small naval infantry force; the Air Force has a handful of older US-made jet fighters and light ground attack aircraft  (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1226,7 +1229,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>transshipment point for cocaine destined for the United States and precursor chemicals used to produce illicit drugs; some experimental coca cultivation</p>"
"text": "<br><br> <p>transshipment point for cocaine destined for the United States and precursor chemicals used to produce illicit drugs; some small-scale coca cultivation</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

8
central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json
View file

@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 452-0036"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>firstsec@jamaicaembassy.org<br><br>http://www.embassyofjamaica.org/"
"text": "<br>contactus@jamaicaembassy.org<br><br>https://www.embassyofjamaica.org/"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Miami, New York"
@ -1160,13 +1160,13 @@
"text": "approximately 4,000 personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the JDF is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring equipment mostly from Europe and the US (2022)"
"text": "the JDF is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring equipment mostly from Europe and the US (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "no conscription; 18-23 for voluntary military service (17 with parental consent); 18-28 for the reserves; since 2017, the JDF's standard mode of recruitment is to enroll recruits ages 18-23 through the Jamaica National Service Corps (JNSC); in the JNSC, soldiers receive basic military, vocational, and life skills training; upon completion of 12 months of service, soldiers can continue on with the JDF or seek other opportunities with other government agencies (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the JDF&rsquo;s primary missions are border, internal, and maritime security, including support to police operations in combating crime and violence (2023)"
"text": "in addition to its responsibility of defending against external aggression, the JDF's primary missions are border, internal, and maritime security, including support to police operations in combating crime and violence; other missions include search and rescue, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and peacekeeping; it has arrest authority and partners with the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF); both the JDF and JCF are under the Ministry of National Security, which directs policy for the security forces; the JDF participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, including with the militaries of Canada, the UK, the US, and other Caribbean nations <br><br>while Jamaica had a militia force as early as the 1660s, the JDF was constituted in 1962 from the West India Regiment (WIR), a British colonial regiment which dates back to 1795; troops for the WIR were recruited from freed slaves from North America, slaves purchased in the West Indies, and slaves from Africa bought off slave ships (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "the largest Caribbean source of marijuana which is trafficked to other Caribbean countries for illegal weapons and other contraband; transit point for cocaine trafficked from South America to North America and other international markets"
"text": "<p>Jamaica is the largest Caribbean source of marijuana and a transit point for cocaine trafficked from South America to North America and other international markets; criminal gangs in Jamaica, Haiti, and Central America use marijuana for currency to obtain guns or other contraband from criminal entities in Haiti and Central America</p>"
}
}
}

9
central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json
View file

@ -582,11 +582,14 @@
"text": "1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 939-6570; [1] (202) 939-6573"
"text": "[1] (202) 939-6570"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 939-6545"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>mperalta@cancilleria.gob.ni"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco"
}
@ -1177,7 +1180,7 @@
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2023)"
"text": "the military is responsible for defending Nicaragua’s independence, sovereignty, and territory, but also has some domestic security responsibilities; key tasks include border security, assisting the police, protecting natural resources, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian assistance; it has ties with the militaries of Cuba, Venezuela, and Russia; Russia has provided training support and equipment <br><br>the military’s Land Forces have a mechanized brigade and approximately 8 regional commands or detachments, each with 1 or more light infantry battalions; there is also a small special operations command; the Naval Forces operate patrol boats and have a naval infantry battalion; the Air Forces do not possess any combat aircraft <br><br>the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1193,7 +1196,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit route for drug traffickers smuggling cocaine from South America through Mexico into the United States via maritime and air routes</p>"
"text": "<br> <p>transit route for illicit drugs originating from South America destined for the United States</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json
View file

@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
"text": "Ambassador Ram&oacute;n Eduardo MART&Iacute;NEZ DE LA GUARDIA (since 16 September 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20007"
"text": "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 483-1407"
@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a prime sea and land passage for drugs, primarily cocaine from Colombia, from South America to North America and Europe; traffickers ship drugs in containers passing through the Panama Canal to  North America and Europe</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>not a major consumer or producer of illicit drugs; a prime sea and land passage for drugs, primarily cocaine, from South America to North America and Europe;   drug traffickers also use millions of shipping containers to smuggle drugs to North America and Europe through the Panama</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json
View file

@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
"text": "none identified"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe</p>"
"text": "<p>transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe.</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json
View file

@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 686-5740"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "info@embskn.com"
"text": "<br>stkittsnevis@embskn.com<br><br>Embassy of St.Kitts and Nevis to the USA – and Permanent Mission to the OAS (embassydc.gov.kn)"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Los Angeles, New York"
@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>Saint Kitts and Nevis-Venezuela</em>: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/st.json
View file

@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/td.json
View file

@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for illegal drugs destined for Europe, North America, and the rest of the Caribbean; drug trafficking organizations use proximity to Venezuela, porous borders, vulnerabilities at ports of entry, limited law enforcement capacity and resources, and law enforcement corruption to traffic illicit drugs;  marijuana the only locally-produced illicit drug</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for drugs destined for Europe, North America, and the rest of the Caribbean;  drug trafficking organizations use  the country’s proximity to Venezuela, its porous borders, vulnerabilities at ports of entry, a limited law enforcement capacity and resources, and corruption</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

2
central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json
View file

@ -822,7 +822,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>northbound transshipment points for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; cocaine is transported to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>northbound transshipment points for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; cocaine is transported to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe</p>"
}
}
}

6
central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json
View file

@ -530,13 +530,13 @@
"text": "Ambassador Lou-Anne Gaylene GILCHRIST (since 18 January 2017)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1627 K Street, NW, Suite 1202, Washington, DC 20006"
"text": "1627 K Street, NW, Suite 704, Washington, DC 20006"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 364-6730"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 364-6730"
"text": "[1] (202) 364-6736"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>mail@embsvg.com<br><br>http://wa.embassy.gov.vc/washington/"
@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela</em>: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}
}
}

4
central-asia/kg.json
View file

@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 449-8275"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg; kgconsulate.washington@mfa.gov.kg"
"text": "<br>kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg<br><br>Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a prime transshipment location; illegal drugs move from Afghanistan to Russia, and sometimes into Europe</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>a prime transit route and transshipment route for illegal drugs transiting north from Afghanistan to Russia and Europe; illicit drugs are primarily smuggled into the country from Tajikistan</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

26
central-asia/kz.json
View file

@ -1003,6 +1003,26 @@
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Nuclear energy": {
"Number of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "0"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors under construction": {
"text": "0"
},
"Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "0GW"
},
"Percent of total electricity production": {
"text": "0%"
},
"Percent of total energy produced": {
"text": "0%"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": {
"text": "1"
}
},
"Coal": {
"production": {
"text": "102.338 million metric tons (2020 est.)"
@ -1171,10 +1191,10 @@
},
"Railways": {
"total": {
"text": "16,636 km (2020)"
"text": "16,636 km (2021)"
},
"broad gauge": {
"text": "16,636 km (2020) 1.520-m gauge (4,237 km electrified)"
"text": "16,636 km (2021) 1.520-m gauge (4,237 km electrified)"
}
},
"Roadways": {
@ -1253,7 +1273,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>synthetic drugs dominate the local illicit drug market, smuggled from Southeast Asia, China, Russia and Europe; however the number of domestic clandestine laboratories producing synthetic drugs continues to increase;  remains a transit country for Afghan heroin destined for Russia and Europe.</p>"
"text": "<p>part of the \"Northern Route,\" land drug trafficking route from Afghanistan to Russia and Europe; domestic manufacturing of synthetics increasing and domestic drug use trends to synthetic drugs outpacing heroin and cannabis;</p>"
}
}
}

24
central-asia/rs.json
View file

@ -1037,6 +1037,26 @@
"text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Nuclear energy": {
"Number of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "37 (2023)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors under construction": {
"text": "3"
},
"Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "27.73GW (2021)"
},
"Percent of total electricity production": {
"text": "20.7% (2021)"
},
"Percent of total energy produced": {
"text": "3.6% (2021)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": {
"text": "4"
}
},
"Coal": {
"production": {
"text": "447.332 million metric tons (2020 est.)"
@ -1281,7 +1301,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in December 2022, the Russian Government announced a target level of 1.15 million total troops and subsequently announced further plans to expand the size of the armed forces to 1.5 million, but did not provide a timeline<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Russia was estimated to have as many as 50,000 private military contractors fighting in Ukraine as of early 2023"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from several countries, including Czechia, France, Iran, Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2022)"
"text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from external suppliers; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory service for men; 18-40 for voluntary/contractual service; women and non-Russian citizens (18-30) may volunteer; men are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; 12-month service obligation (Russia offers the option of serving on a 24-month contract instead of completing a 12-month conscription period); reserve obligation for non-officers to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16 (2023)",
@ -1322,7 +1342,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a destination country for Afghan opium and heroin; a transit country for cocaine from South America, especially Ecuador to Europe, Belgium and Netherlands; synthetic drugs are produced in clandestine drug laboratories throughout the country; cannabis cultivated in Russian Far East and the North Caucasus; the majority of hashish is smuggled in from Northern Africa</p>"
"text": "<p>a destination country for heroin and other Afghan opiates; a transit country for cocaine from South America, especially Ecuador to Europe, Belgium and Netherlands; synthetic drugs are produced in clandestine drug laboratories throughout the country; marijuana cultivated in Russian Far East and the North Caucasus; the majority of hashish is smuggled in from Northern Africa</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

4
central-asia/ti.json
View file

@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
"text": "1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 223-6090; [1] (202) 223-2666"
"text": "[1] (202) 223-6090"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 223-6091"
@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "Tajikistan is a major route for drug trafficking in Central Asia; opiates and cannabis travel from Afghanistan through Tajikistan to markets in Russia, Belarus, and Western and Central Europe"
"text": "<p>Tajikistan is a primary transit country along the “Northern Route” for Afghanistan-sourced opiates and cannabis for the Russian and Eastern European markets and beyond; minimal domestic recreational drug use though it is increasing</p>"
}
}
}

2
central-asia/tx.json
View file

@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>transit country for Afghan opiates to Turkish, Russian, and European markets, either directly from Afghanistan or through Iran; not a major producer or source country for illegal drugs or precursor chemicals</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>transit country for Afghan opiates to Turkish, Russian, and European markets, either directly from Afghanistan or through Iran; not a major producer or source country for illegal drugs or precursor chemicals</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

4
central-asia/uz.json
View file

@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Furqat SIDDIQOV (since 19 April 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Furqat SIDIKOV (since 19 April 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"
@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>transit country for Afghan opium and heroin destined for Russia and the European Union; also transit country for hashish, cannabis products, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; cannabis and poppy are cultivated in small amounts for personal use and local sale</p>"
"text": "<p>a transit country for Afghan heroin, opium, and hashish destined to Kazakhstan, Russia, and Europe;  cannabis and opium poppy are grown domestically for personal use and sale</p>"
}
}
}

8
east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json
View file

@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021);note - the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency"
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021); note - the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021)"
@ -642,13 +642,13 @@
"text": "2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 332-3344; [1] (202) 332-4250"
"text": "[1] (202) 332-3344; [1] (202) 332-4350"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 332-4351"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>pyi.thayar@verizon.net; washington-embassy@mofa.gov.mm<br><br>http://www.mewashingtondc.com/wordpress/"
"text": "<br>pyi.thayar@verizon.net; washington-embassy@mofa.gov.mm<br><br>http://www.mewashingtondc.org"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Los Angeles, New York"
@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a major source of illicit methamphetamine and opiates; illicit import of precursor chemicals from China increased production and trafficking of synthetic drugs; second-largest opium poppy cultivator in Asia, with an estimated 20,200 hectares grown in 2019; “Yaba,” a tablet containing methamphetamine, caffeine, and other stimulants, is produced in Burma and trafficked regionally; ethnic armed organizations, military-affiliated militias, and transnational criminal organizations oversee billion dollar drug production and trafficking industry; drugs produced in Burma are trafficked beyond Southeast Asia to Australia, New Zealand, and Japan; not a major source or transit country for drugs entering the United States</p> <p> </p> (2021)"
"text": "<p>source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics; narcotics produced in Burma trafficked throughout the region, with routes extending beyond Southeast Asia to Australia, New Zealand, and Japan; second-largest opium poppy cultivator in Asia with an estimated 40,100 hectares grown in 2022; not a major source or transit country for drugs entering the United States; domestic consumption of synthetic drug cocktails such as “Happy Water” and “Wei Tiong” (mixtures of drugs including caffeine, methamphetamine, tramadol, and MDMA) popular among the younger population and domestic drug consumption  substantial and widespread.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> (2021)"
}
}
}

2
east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json
View file

@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 885-0560"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>info@bruneiembassy.org<br><br>http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html"
"text": "<br>info@bruneiembassy.org<br><br>http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html<br>"
},
"consulate(s)": {
"text": "New York"

4
east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json
View file

@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 726-8381"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>camemb.usa@mfaic.gov<br><br>https://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/"
"text": "<br>camemb.usa@mfaic.gov.kh<br><br>https://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>manufacture of methamphetamine expanding due to  transnational crime syndicates moving from China to evade the law; drugs destined for Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea and the rest of East and South-East Asia</p> (2021)"
"text": "<p>a significant transshipment country for Burma-sourced methamphetamine and heroin and a location for large-scale ketamine production; transnational criminal organizations (TCO’s) use Cambodia as both a transit and destination for illicit drugs; precursor chemicals from mainly China used at domestic clandestine laboratories operated by TCOs for the manufacturing of methamphetamine, ketamine, and other synthetic drugs</p> (2021)"
}
}
}

22
east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json
View file

@ -1036,6 +1036,26 @@
"text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Nuclear energy": {
"Number of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "55 (2023)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors under construction": {
"text": "21"
},
"Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "53.18GW (2021)"
},
"Percent of total electricity production": {
"text": "5.02% (2021)"
},
"Percent of total energy produced": {
"text": "3% (2021)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": {
"text": "0"
}
},
"Coal": {
"production": {
"text": "4,314,681,000 metric tons (2020 est.)"
@ -1308,7 +1328,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a major source of precursor chemicals, new psychoactive substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs, including fentanyl precursors and methamphetamine;  PRC criminal organizations, transnational crime, and organizations from Mexico and Southeast Asia traffic licit precursor chemical components and illicit finished drugs within the PRC as well as to international markets; significant illicit drug consumption of methamphetamine and ketamine; a major destination and transit country for heroin produced in neighboring countries; the PRC remains a major source of NPS sold in North America and Europe  </p> <p> </p> (2021)"
"text": "<p>a major source of precursor chemicals for narcotics such as fentanyl and methamphetamine, new psychoactive substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; is a destination and transit country for methamphetamine and heroin produced in South east and Southwest Asia;  China remains a major source of precursor chemicals sold in North America via the internet and shipped to overseas customers; domestic use of synthetic drugs is prevalent; chemical alterations of drugs circumvent laws and hamper efforts to stem the flow of these</p> (2021)"
}
}
}

2
east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json
View file

@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "none (Special Administrative Region of China); Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; Eddie MAK Tak-wai (since 3 July 2018) is the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk"
"text": "none (Special Administrative Region of China); Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; Eddie MAK Tak-wai (since 3 July 2018) is the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email:&nbsp; hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/"
},
"HKETO offices": {
"text": "New York, San Francisco"

8
east-n-southeast-asia/id.json
View file

@ -637,10 +637,10 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 775-5200"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 775-5365"
"text": "[1] (202) 775-5236"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/"
"text": "<br>washington.kbri@kemlu.go.id<br><br>https://www.kemlu.go.id/washington/en#!"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco"
@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@
"text": "approximately 400,000 active duty troops (300,000 Army; 60,000 Navy, including about 20,000 marines; 30,000 Air Force) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of Chinese, Russian, and Western (including US) equipment; in recent years, the top suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade with uneven success; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; in 2019, the Indonesian Government said that growing its domestic defense industry was a national priority over the following 10 years (2022)"
"text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of Chinese, Russian, and Western (including US) equipment; in recent years, the top suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, South Korea, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade with uneven success; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; in 2019, the Indonesian Government said that growing its domestic defense industry was a national priority over the following 10 years (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized (males, age 18), but not utilized; 24-month service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers) (2023)"
@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit and destination point for illicit narcotics; consumer of crystal methamphetamine trafficked in Burma and Pakistan and also transit to Australia and New Zealand; significant consumer of ecstasy from China and the Netherlands and domestically grown cannabis</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>major transit point and destination for illicit narcotics; a destination for methamphetamine, ecstasy, and other illicit drugs; methamphetamine production facilities within Indonesia </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

25
east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json
View file

@ -981,6 +981,26 @@
"text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Nuclear energy": {
"Number of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "10 (2023)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors under construction": {
"text": "2"
},
"Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "9.49GW (2023)"
},
"Percent of total electricity production": {
"text": "7% (2018)"
},
"Percent of total energy produced": {
"text": "24% (2021)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": {
"text": "17"
}
},
"Coal": {
"production": {
"text": "29.84 million metric tons (2020 est.)"
@ -1203,7 +1223,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF; includes aviation), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF; includes naval aviation), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF); Japan Coast Guard (Ministry of Land, Transport, Infrastructure and Tourism) (2022)"
"text": "Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF; includes aviation), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF; includes naval aviation), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Coast Guard is under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; it is barred by law from operating as a military force, but in times of conflict Article 80 of the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Act permits the transfer of control of the coast guard to the Ministry of Defense with Cabinet approval "
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
@ -1227,7 +1248,7 @@
"text": "approximately 240,000 active personnel (150,000 Ground; 45,000 Maritime; 45,000 Air); 14,000 Coast Guard (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the JSDF is equipped with a mix of imported and domestically produced equipment; Japan has a robust defense industry and is capable of producing a wide range of air, ground, and naval weapons systems; the majority of its weapons imports are from the US and some domestically produced weapons are US-origin and manufactured under license (2022)"
"text": "the JSDF is equipped with a mix of imported and domestically produced equipment; Japan has a robust defense industry and is capable of producing a wide range of air, ground, and naval weapons systems; the majority of its weapons imports are from the US and some domestically produced weapons are US-origin and manufactured under license (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (maximum enlistment age 32); no conscription (2022)",

2
east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json
View file

@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "State Affairs Commission President KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011); note - within the North Korean system KIM Jong Un's role as chief of state is secondary to his role as general secretary of the KWP; chief of state is used to engage with non-communist countries such as the US; North Korea revised its constitution in 2019 to define \"the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission\" as \"the supreme leader who represents the state\"; functions as the commander-in-chief and chief executive; the specific titles associated with this office have changed multiple times under KIM's tenure, however, KIM Jong Un has been supreme leader since his father's death in 2011"
"text": "State Affairs Commission President KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011); note - within the North Korean system, KIM Jong Un's role as chief of state is secondary to his role as general secretary of the KWP; chief of state is used to engage with non-communist countries such as the US; North Korea revised its constitution in 2019 to define \"the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission\" as \"the supreme leader who represents the state\"; functions as the commander-in-chief and chief executive; the specific titles associated with this office have changed multiple times under KIM's tenure, however, KIM Jong Un has been supreme leader since his father's death in 2011"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Supreme People's Assembly President CHOE Ryong Hae (since 11 April 2019); note - functions as the technical head of state and performs related duties, such as receiving ambassadors' credentials"

20
east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json
View file

@ -978,6 +978,26 @@
"text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Nuclear energy": {
"Number of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "25 (2023)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors under construction": {
"text": "3"
},
"Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": {
"text": "24.49GW (2021)"
},
"Percent of total electricity production": {
"text": "27.4% (2021)"
},
"Percent of total energy produced": {
"text": "76.5% (2021)"
},
"Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": {
"text": "2"
}
},
"Coal": {
"production": {
"text": "16.364 million metric tons (2020 est.)"

8
east-n-southeast-asia/la.json
View file

@ -613,13 +613,13 @@
"text": "2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 328-9148; [1] (202) 332-6416"
"text": "[1] (202) 332-6416"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 332-4923"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>embasslao@gmail.com; laoemb@verizon.net<br><br>https://laoembassy.com/"
"text": "<br>embasslao@gmail.com<br><br>https://laoembassy.com/"
},
"consulate(s)": {
"text": "New York"
@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@
"text": "422 km (2023)"
},
"standard gauge": {
"text": "422 km (2023)"
"text": "422 km (2023) 1.435-m gauge (422 km overhead electrification)"
}
},
"Roadways": {
@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@
"text": "<p><em>Laos-Burma</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Laos-Cambodia</em>: in 2021, the two countries agreed to increase efforts to combat drug trafficking and other transnational crimes and to complete the last 14% of their border demarcation</p> <p><em>Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam</em>: Cambodia and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive plans for upstream dam construction and the potential harm it poses to fisheries and farming downstream</p> <p><em>Laos-China</em>: concern among Mekong River Commission members that China's construction of eight dams on the Upper Mekong River and construction of more dams on its tributaries will affect water levels, sediment flows, and fisheries</p> <p><em>Laos-Thailand</em>: talks continue as of 2018 on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over islands in the Mekong River</p> <p>Laos-Vietnam: Laos and Vietnam completed border demarcation in 2016</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>Bokeo Province part of the “Golden Triangle,” a notorious drug production and transit area; remains a poppy cultivator and source of illicit opium and a transit hub for other illicit drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and chemical precursors; estimate of 4,925 ha of opium poppy cultivated in Laos in 2018</p>"
"text": "<p>Laos remains a key transit route for drug trafficking and the movement of precursor chemicals; opium produced is typically smuggled out of the country and refined elsewhere and not trafficked in significant quantities to the United States</p>"
}
}
}

2
east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json
View file

@ -983,7 +983,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>asian organized crime groups involved in drug trafficking and money laundering</p>"
"text": "<p>Asian organized crime groups involved in drug trafficking and money laundering</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

2
east-n-southeast-asia/my.json
View file

@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>methamphetamine is the most used and trafficked drug controlled by criminal organizations that produce it; crystal methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), cannabis products, heroin, ketamine, and Erimin 5 (nimetazepam) are smuggled into the country; a transit point for trafficking cocaine and other drugs to the Australian market</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>not a source country for illicit drugs bound for the United States but is a significant transit country for drugs destined for Australia;  drugs trafficked to Malaysia include crystal methamphetamine and lesser quantities of MDMA (ecstasy), cannabis, heroin, and ketamine; significant number of the population abuse drugs especially  methamphetamine</p>"
}
}
}

6
east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json
View file

@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held on 9 May 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%"
"text": "<p><em>2022: </em>Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%<br><br><em>2016: </em>Rodrigo DUTERTE elected president; percent of vote - Rodrigo DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%, Manuel \"Mar\" ROXAS (LP) 23.5%, Grace POE (independent) 21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA) 12.7%, Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO (PRP) 3.4%; Leni ROBREDO elected vice president; percent of vote Leni ROBREDO (LP) 35.1%, Bongbong MARCOS (independent) 34.5%, Alan CAYETANO 14.4%, Francis ESCUDERO (independent) 12%, Antonio TRILLANES (independent) 2.1%, Gregorio HONASAN (UNA) 1.9%</p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 328-7614"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>washington.pe@dfa.gov.ph; consular@phembassy-us.org"
"text": "<br>info@phembassy-us.org; consular@phembassy-us.org<br><br>The Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines in Washington D.C. (philippineembassy-dc.org)"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)"
@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "cannabis products, methamphetamine hydrochloride (locally known as \"shabu\"), and MDMA (ecstasy) are locally used; Chinese Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) are the main source of methamphetamine; precursor chemicals in transit from China to Burma"
"text": "<p>Illegal drugs, including methamphetamine hydrochloride, cannabis, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDA, or \"ecstasy\") enter the Philippines from the Golden Triangle (Thailand, Laos, and Burma); drugs entering the Philippines are used locally and transported to other countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania; Chinese transnational organizations are the principal supplier of methamphetamine;  not a significant source or transit country for drugs entering the United States</p>"
}
}
}

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