From b730c282e80b7acd21d6607a64c88440de132c8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Sat, 24 Jun 2023 22:55:19 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 25 --- africa/ag.json | 18 +++++++++++-- africa/ao.json | 10 +++---- africa/bc.json | 12 ++++----- africa/bn.json | 16 +++++------ africa/by.json | 10 +++---- africa/cf.json | 8 +++--- africa/cg.json | 18 ++++++------- africa/cm.json | 12 ++++----- africa/cn.json | 4 +-- africa/ct.json | 18 ++++++------- africa/cv.json | 14 +++++----- africa/dj.json | 2 +- africa/eg.json | 22 +++++++++++++++- africa/ek.json | 14 +++++----- africa/er.json | 12 ++++----- africa/et.json | 10 +++---- africa/ga.json | 6 ++--- africa/gb.json | 14 +++++----- africa/gh.json | 6 ++--- africa/gv.json | 2 +- africa/iv.json | 8 +++--- africa/ke.json | 6 ++--- africa/li.json | 4 +-- africa/lt.json | 14 +++++----- africa/mi.json | 2 +- africa/ml.json | 10 +++---- africa/mo.json | 6 ++--- africa/mp.json | 6 ++--- africa/mr.json | 2 +- africa/mz.json | 4 +-- africa/ng.json | 6 ++--- africa/ni.json | 12 ++++----- africa/od.json | 6 ++--- africa/pu.json | 2 +- africa/rw.json | 4 +-- africa/se.json | 8 +++--- africa/sf.json | 32 +++++++++++++++++----- africa/sg.json | 6 ++--- africa/sl.json | 6 ++--- africa/su.json | 8 +++--- africa/to.json | 8 +++--- africa/tp.json | 10 +++---- africa/tz.json | 8 +++--- africa/ug.json | 8 +++--- africa/uv.json | 10 +++---- africa/wz.json | 8 +++--- africa/za.json | 2 +- africa/zi.json | 8 +++--- australia-oceania/as.json | 4 +-- australia-oceania/bp.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/fj.json | 4 +-- australia-oceania/fp.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/kt.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nc.json | 4 +-- australia-oceania/nh.json | 10 +++---- australia-oceania/ps.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tv.json | 8 +++--- australia-oceania/ws.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json | 6 ++--- central-america-n-caribbean/do.json | 6 ++--- central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/es.json | 10 +++---- central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json | 6 ++--- central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json | 11 +++++--- central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json | 8 +++--- central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json | 9 ++++--- central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 4 +-- central-america-n-caribbean/st.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/td.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json | 6 ++--- central-asia/kg.json | 4 +-- central-asia/kz.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- central-asia/rs.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- central-asia/ti.json | 4 +-- central-asia/tx.json | 2 +- central-asia/uz.json | 4 +-- east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json | 8 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 4 +-- east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json | 22 +++++++++++++++- east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/id.json | 8 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json | 25 ++++++++++++++++-- east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json | 20 ++++++++++++++ east-n-southeast-asia/la.json | 8 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/my.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json | 6 ++--- east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/th.json | 4 +-- east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json | 22 +++++++++++++++- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 2 +- europe/al.json | 6 ++--- europe/an.json | 4 +-- europe/au.json | 4 +-- europe/be.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- europe/bk.json | 4 +-- europe/bo.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- europe/bu.json | 28 +++++++++++++++++--- europe/cy.json | 4 +-- europe/da.json | 11 +++++--- europe/ee.json | 11 +++++--- europe/ei.json | 17 ++++++------ europe/en.json | 13 ++++----- europe/ez.json | 28 +++++++++++++++++--- europe/fi.json | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++------ europe/fr.json | 38 +++++++++++++++++++------- europe/gk.json | 4 +-- europe/gm.json | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++------- europe/gr.json | 12 ++++----- europe/hr.json | 8 +++--- europe/hu.json | 31 ++++++++++++++++++---- europe/ic.json | 8 +++--- europe/it.json | 38 +++++++++++++++++++------- europe/je.json | 6 ++--- europe/kv.json | 4 +-- europe/lg.json | 2 +- europe/lh.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- europe/lo.json | 22 +++++++++++++++- europe/ls.json | 8 +++--- europe/lu.json | 6 ++--- europe/mj.json | 6 ++--- europe/mk.json | 2 +- europe/mn.json | 4 +-- europe/mt.json | 6 ++--- europe/nl.json | 32 +++++++++++++++++----- europe/no.json | 11 +++++--- europe/pl.json | 8 +++--- europe/po.json | 12 ++++----- europe/ri.json | 8 +++--- europe/ro.json | 28 +++++++++++++++++--- europe/si.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- europe/sm.json | 6 ++--- europe/sp.json | 34 +++++++++++++++++++----- europe/sw.json | 25 +++++++++++++++++- europe/sz.json | 36 +++++++++++++++++++------ europe/uk.json | 30 +++++++++++++++++---- europe/up.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- middle-east/ae.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- middle-east/am.json | 22 +++++++++++++++- middle-east/gg.json | 9 ++++--- middle-east/ir.json | 28 +++++++++++++++++--- middle-east/is.json | 12 ++++----- middle-east/iz.json | 12 ++++----- middle-east/jo.json | 4 +-- middle-east/ku.json | 6 ++--- middle-east/le.json | 4 +-- middle-east/sa.json | 2 +- middle-east/sy.json | 12 +++------ middle-east/tu.json | 28 +++++++++++++++++--- north-america/bd.json | 2 +- north-america/ca.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- north-america/gl.json | 7 +++-- north-america/mx.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- north-america/us.json | 23 +++++++++++++++- oceans/xo.json | 2 +- oceans/zh.json | 2 +- oceans/zn.json | 2 +- south-america/ar.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- south-america/bl.json | 6 ++--- south-america/br.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- south-america/ci.json | 2 +- south-america/co.json | 4 +-- south-america/ec.json | 4 +-- south-america/gy.json | 8 +++--- south-america/ns.json | 6 ++--- south-america/pa.json | 8 +++--- south-america/pe.json | 8 +++--- south-america/uy.json | 4 +-- south-america/ve.json | 10 +++---- south-asia/af.json | 4 +-- south-asia/bg.json | 22 +++++++++++++++- south-asia/ce.json | 2 +- south-asia/in.json | 26 +++++++++++++++--- south-asia/np.json | 4 +-- south-asia/pk.json | 24 +++++++++++++++-- world/xx.json | 20 +++++++++++++- 189 files changed, 1431 insertions(+), 596 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index c44f8cd4..6f48abb4 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt" + "text": "58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt" }, "Independence": { "text": "5 July 1962 (from France)" @@ -1131,7 +1131,21 @@ "text": "149 (2021)" }, "Airports - with paved runways": { - "text": "67", + "total": { + "text": "67 (2023)" + }, + "civil airports": { + "text": "19" + }, + "military airports": { + "text": "11" + }, + "joint use (civil-military) airports": { + "text": "14" + }, + "other airports": { + "text": "32" + }, "note": "note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)" }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 1a839551..772709d4 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "From the late 14th to the mid 19th century a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. By the 19th century, Portuguese settlement had spread to the interior; in 1914, Portugal abolished the last vestiges of the Kongo Kingdom and Angola became a Portuguese colony.

Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS stepped down from the presidency in 2017, having led the country since 1979. He pushed through a new constitution in 2010. Joao LOURENCO was elected president in August 2017 and became president of the MPLA in September 2018." + "text": "Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6th century A.D.; by the 10th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late 14th to the mid 19th century a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers - often in collaboration with local kingdoms including the Kongo. Estimates are that the Angola area may have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was the 17th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, Nzingha Mbande, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Angola’s modern borders were set by Portugal and other European powers, but the Portuguese did not fully control of large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom.

The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961 and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Conflict between Angola’s multiple independence movements quickly emerged with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict with the MPLA supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba and UNITA by apartheid South Africa and the US. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -549,16 +549,16 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Esperanca Francisco DA COSTA (since 15 September 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022)" + "text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Esperanca Francisco DA COSTA (since 15 September 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held on 24 August 2027)" + "text": "the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { "text": "Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election" @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held on 24 August 2027)" + "text": "last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, PRS 1.1%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, PRS 2, FNLA 2; PHA-2; composition - men 146, women 74, percent of women 33.6%" diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 11fce378..2cc269be 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Seeking to stop the incorporation of their land into Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) or the Union of South Africa, in 1885, three tribal chiefs traveled to Great Britain and successfully lobbied the British Government to put \"Bechuanaland\" under UK protection. Upon independence in 1966, the British protectorate of Bechuanaland adopted the new name of Botswana. More than five decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most stable economies in Africa. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every national election since independence; President Mokgweetsi Eric MASISI assumed the presidency in April 2018 following the retirement of former President Ian KHAMA due to constitutional term limits. MASISI won his first election as president in October 2019, and he is Botswana’s fifth president since independence. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease." + "text": "In the early 1800s, multiple political entities in what is now Botswana were destabilized or destroyed by a series of conflicts and population movements in southern Africa. By the end of this period, the Tswana ethnic group, who also live across the border in South Africa, had become the most prominent group in the area. In 1852, Tswana forces halted the expansion of white Afrikaner settlers who were seeking to expand their territory northwards into what is now Botswana. In 1885, Great Britain claimed territory that roughly corresponds with modern day Botswana as a protectorate called Bechuanaland. Upon independence in 1966, the British protectorate of Bechuanaland adopted the new name of Botswana, which means land of the Tswana. More than five decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created an enduring democracy and upper-middle-income economy. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every national election since independence; President Mokgweetsi Eric MASISI assumed the presidency in 2018 following the retirement of former President Ian KHAMA due to constitutional term limits. MASISI won his first election as president in 2019, and he is Botswana’s fifth president since independence. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.

 

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ "text": "periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility" }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "landlocked; population concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country" + "text": "landlocked; sparsely populated with most settlement concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country; geography dominated by the Kalahari Desert, which covers about 70% of the country, although the Okavango Delta brings considerable biodiversity as one of the largest inland deltas in the World " } }, "People and Society": { @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ "text": "Bechuanaland" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name Botswana means \"Land of the Tswana\" - referring to the country's major ethnic group" + "text": "the name Botswana means \"Land of the Tswana\" - referring to the country's largest ethnic group" } }, "Government type": { @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ "text": "previous 1960 (preindependence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2016" + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 October 2019 (next to be held in 2024 October); vice president appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2019: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA, who had served as president since 1 April 2008, stepped down on 1 April 2018 having completed the constitutionally mandated 10-year term limit; upon his retirement, then Vice President MASISI became president; national elections held on 23 October 2019 gave MASISI'S BPD 38 seats in the National Assembly which then selected MASISI as President" + "text": "
2019: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA, who had served as president since 1 April 2008, stepped down on 1 April 2018 having completed the constitutionally mandated 10-year term limit; upon his retirement, then Vice President MASISI became president; national elections held in 2019 gave MASISI'S BPD 38 seats in the National Assembly which then selected MASISI as President" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance of Progressives or AP [Ndaba GAOLATHE]
Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]
Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Mokgweetsi MASISI]
Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Sidney PILANE]
Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]
Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF [Biggie BUTALE]
Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]
Real Alternative Party or RAP [Gaontebale MOKGOSI]
Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (various times the coalition has included the BMD, BPP, BCP and BNF) (2019)" + "text": "Alliance of Progressives or AP [Ndaba GAOLATHE]
Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]
Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Mokgweetsi MASISI]
Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]
Botswana Patriotic Front or BPF [Biggie BUTALE]
Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]
Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (various times the coalition has included the BPP, BCP, BNF and other parties)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 60a757b1..b74bd264 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ "text": "Fon and related 38.4%, Adja and related 15.1%, Yoruba and related 12%, Bariba and related 9.6%, Fulani and related 8.6%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4.3%, Dendi and related 2.9%, other 0.9%, foreigner 1.9% (2013 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba (once counted as a Gur language) and Fulfulde" + "text": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba (once counted as a Gur language) and Fulfulde" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)" @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); note - the president is both head of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); prime minister position abolished" @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held on 12 April 2026)" }, "election results": { "text": "

2021: Patrice TALON elected to a second term; percent of vote - Patrice TALON (independent) 86.4%, Alassane SOUMANOU (FCBE) 11.3%, other 2.3%

2016: Patrice TALON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Lionel ZINSOU (FCBE) 28.4%, Patrice TALON (independent) 24.8%, Sebastien AJAVON (independent) 23.%, Abdoulaye Bio TCHANE (ABT) 8.8%, Pascal KOUPAKI (NC) 5.9%, other 9.1%; percent of vote in second round - Patrice TALON 65.4%, Lionel ZINSOU 34.6% 

(2021)" @@ -588,13 +588,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats of which 24 are reserved for women; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms except for the current members whose terms will end in 2026 to facilitate general elections)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 8 January 2023 (next to be held January 2027)" + "text": "last held on 8 January 2023 (next to be held 11 January 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 37.5%, Bloc Republicain 29.3%, The Democrats 24.6%; seats by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 53, Bloc Republicain 28, The Democrats 28; composition as of January 2023 - men 81, women 28, percent of women 25.6%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 37.6%, Bloc Republicain 29.2%, The Democrats 24%; seats by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 53, Bloc Republicain 28, The Democrats 28; composition as of May 2023 - men 80, women 29, percent of women 26.6%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]
Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO]
Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Yayi BONI]
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]
National Alliance for Development and Democracy or AND [Valentin Aditi HOUDE]
New Consciousness Rally or NC [Pascal KOUPAKI]
Patriotic Awakening or RP [Janvier YAHOUEDEOU]
Progressive Union for Renewal [Joseph DJOGBENOU]
Republican Bloc [Abdoulaye BIO TCHANE]
Social Democrat Party or PSD [Emmanuel GOLOU]
Sun Alliance or AS [Sacca LAFIA]
The Democrats [Eric HOUNDETE]
Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (includes PRD, MADEP)
United Democratic Forces or FDU [Mathurin NAGO]", + "text": "African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]
Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO]
Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Thomas Boni YAYI]
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]
United Dynamics for Development and Democracy or AND [Valentin Aditi HOUDE]
Progressive Union for Renewal [Joseph DJOGBENOU]
Republican Bloc [Abdoulaye B
IO TCHANE]
Sun Alliance or AS [Sacca LAFIA]
The Democrats [Eric HOUNDETE]
Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (includes PRD, MADEP)", "note": "note: approximately 20 additional minor parties" }, "International organization participation": { @@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ "text": "260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from north Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON said his government would spend more than $130 million to recruit up to 4,000 additional military personnel, modernize military equipment, and build and fortify operating bases; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border

the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)" + "text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from northern Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON said his government would spend more than $130 million to recruit up to 4,000 additional military personnel, modernize military equipment, and build and fortify operating bases; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeastern border

the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022 in the waters off Benin; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"

" diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 41b047d9..a5419a0a 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa (Pygmy)" + "text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa, Phuthi, South Asian" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Kirundi only 29.7% (official); French only 0.3% (official); Swahili only 0.2%; English only 0.1% (official); Kirundi and French 8.4%; Kirundi, French, and English 2.4%, other language combinations 2%, unspecified 56.9% (2008 est.)" + "text": "Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in 2027); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament; note - a 2018 constitutional referendum effective for the 2020 election, increased the presidential term from 5 to 7 years with a 2-consecutive-term limit, reinstated the position of the prime minister position, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in May 2027); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament; note - a 2018 constitutional referendum effective for the 2020 election, increased the presidential term from 5 to 7 years with a 2-consecutive-term limit, reinstated the position of the prime minister position, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1" }, "election results": { "text": "

2020: Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE elected president; percent of vote - Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE (CNDD-FDD) 71.5%, Agathon RWASA (CNL) 25.2%, Gaston SINDIMWO (UPRONA) 1.7%, other 1.6%

2015: Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (Hope of Burundians - Amizerio y'ABARUNDI) 19%, other 11.6%

 

" @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ "text": "Front for Democracy in Burundi-Nyakuri or FRODEBU-Nyakuri [Keffa NIBIZI]
Front for Democracy in Burundi-Sahwanya or FRODEBU-Sahwanya [Pierre Claver NAHIMANA]
National Congress for Liberty or CNL [Agathon RWASA]
National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE]
National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGITIMANA]
Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Abel GASHATSI]" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "86,790 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" + "text": "86,047 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "84,791 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index e1b54423..d59cb035 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Kongo 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15 est.)" + "text": "Kongo (Bakongo) 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997)" + "text": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 1997)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Clement MOUAMBA (since 24 April 2016); note - a constitutional referendum held in 2015 approved the change of the head of government from the president to the prime minister" + "text": "Prime Minister Clement MOUAMBA (since 2016); note - a constitutional referendum held in 2015 approved the change of the head of government from the president to the prime minister (2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "27,445 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 30,204 (Central African Republic) (2023)" + "text": "30,204 (Central African Republic), 27,445 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "159,830 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 65a35694..e087a458 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The Kingdom of Kongo ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. To the center and east, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. In the 1870s, European exploration of the Congo Basin, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, eventually allowed the ruler to acquire rights to the Congo territory and to make it his private property under the name of the Congo Free State. During the Free State, the king's colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.

The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from conflict in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. Presidential, National Assembly, and provincial elections took place in 2006, with Joseph KABILA elected to office.

National elections were held in November 2011 and disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency. While the DRC constitution barred President KABILA from running for a third term, the DRC Government delayed national elections originally slated for November 2016, to 30 December 2018. This failure to hold elections as scheduled fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests by KABILA’s opponents and exacerbation of tensions in the tumultuous eastern DRC regions. Presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held in late December 2018 and early 2019 across most of the country. The DRC Government canceled presidential elections in the cities of Beni and Butembo (citing concerns over an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the region) as well as Yumbi (which had recently experienced heavy violence).

Opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI was announced the election winner on 10 January 2019 and inaugurated two weeks later. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since the DRC's independence. 

The DRC, particularly in the East, continues to experience violence perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the Allied Democratic Forces, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, and assorted Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.

 

" + "text": "

Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely diverse, with more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, to the south and east, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, respectively, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. These kingdoms were invaded and splintered by European prospectors in the Congo Basin in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and eventually were forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory to make it his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease, inhumane treatment, and exploitation. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo.

The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brute force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from conflict in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. Presidential, National Assembly, and provincial elections took place in 2006, with Joseph KABILA elected to office.

National elections were held in November 2011 and disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency. While the DRC constitution barred President KABILA from running for a third term, the DRC Government delayed national elections originally slated for November 2016, to 30 December 2018. This failure to hold elections as scheduled fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests by KABILA’s opponents and exacerbation of tensions in the tumultuous eastern DRC regions. Presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held in late December 2018 and early 2019 across most of the country. The DRC Government canceled presidential elections in the cities of Beni and Butembo (citing concerns over an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the region) as well as Yumbi (which had recently experienced heavy violence).

Opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI was announced the election winner on 10 January 2019 and inaugurated two weeks later. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since the DRC's independence. 

The DRC, particularly in the East, continues to experience violence perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "more than 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) - make up about 45% of the population" + "text": "more than 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest groups - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) - make up about 45% of the population" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "text": "DRC (or DROC)" }, "etymology": { - "text": "named for the Congo River, most of which lies within the DRC; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom that occupied its mouth at the time of Portuguese discovery in the late 15th century and whose name stems from its people the Bakongo, meaning \"hunters\"" + "text": "named for the Congo River, most of which lies within the DRC; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom that occupied its mouth and whose name stems from its people the Bakongo, meaning \"hunters\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ "text": "President Felix TSHISEKEDI (since 24 January 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Anatole Collinet MAKOSSO (since 12 May 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Jose MAKILA, Leonard She OKITUNDU, Henri MOVA Sankanyi (since February 2018)" + "text": "Prime Minister Jean-Michel Sama LUKONDE (since 15 February 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Jose MAKILA, Leonard She OKITUNDU, Henri MOVA Sankanyi (since February 2018) Jean-Pierre BEMBBA (since 23 March 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers of State appointed by the president" @@ -649,19 +649,19 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Marie-Hélène MATHEY-BOO (since 7 June 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador Marie-Hélène Mathey Boo LOWUMBA (since 7 June 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1100 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 725, Washington DC 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 234-7690; [1] (202) 234-7691" + "text": "[1] (202) 234-7690" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 234-2609" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
https://www.ambardcusa.org/" + "text": "
ambassade@ambardcusa.org

https://www.ambardcusa.org/" }, "representative office": { "text": "New York" @@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "210,864 (Central African Republic), 208,389 (Rwanda), 56,423 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 43,342 (Burundi) (2023)" + "text": "210,238 (Central African Republic), 208,389 (Rwanda), 56,536 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 44,416 (Burundi) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "6.17 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2023)" @@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "country of origin of methamphetamine destined for overseas markets" + "text": "

country of origin of methamphetamine destined for overseas markets;

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 7c08d4b4..6a1ec877 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -617,10 +617,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 12 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)
National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by president); note - the Constitutional Court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined" + "text": "Senate - last held on 12 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)
National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by president)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 100% composition as of March 2023 - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition as of March 2022 - men 119, women 61, percent of women 33.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.1%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 100% composition as of March 2023 - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition as of June 2023 - men 119, women 61, percent of women 33.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.1%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ "text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development [Marcel YONDO]
Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]
Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]
Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]
Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]
Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]
Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]
Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]
Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]
National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]
Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]
Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]
Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau] [Cecil ODHIAMBO] 
Union of Socialist Movements NA" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 387-3826" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
cs@cameroonembassyusa.org

https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html" + "text": "cs@cameroonembassyusa.org; mail@cameroonembassyusa.org

https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ "note": "note: Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations occur occasionally" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are organized and equipped for mobile operations; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army units

the ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navy’s missions include protecting Cameroon’s oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the country’s lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023)" + "text": "the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are organized and equipped for mobile operations; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army units

the ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist groups Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navy’s missions include protecting Cameroon’s oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the country’s lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports incidents appear to have stopped in the territorial and offshore waters of Cameroon; the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"" @@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "349,384 (Central African Republic), 127,009 (Nigeria) (2023)" + "text": "350,780 (Central African Republic), 115,847 (Nigeria) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.01 million (2023) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)" diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index e0566355..9a4415bf 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The archipelago of the Comoros in the Indian Ocean, composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, declared independence from France on 6 July 1975. Residents of Mayotte, however, voted to remain in France, and the French Government now has classified it as a department of France. Since independence, Comoros has endured political instability through realized and attempted coups. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI Assoumani seized power of the entire government in a bloodless coup; he initiated the 2000 Fomboni Accords, a power-sharing agreement in which the federal presidency rotates among the three islands, and each island maintains its local government. AZALI won the 2002 federal presidential election as president of the Union of the Comoros from Grande Comore Island, which held the first four-year term. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed SAMBI was elected as president from Anjouan. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade to Anjouan, but in March 2008 the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In 2009, the Comorian population approved a constitutional referendum extending the term of the president from four years to five years. In May 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, former President AZALI Assoumani won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. A referendum held in July 2018 - boycotted by the opposition parties - overwhelmingly approved a new constitution removing presidential term limits and the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. In August 2018, President AZALI formed a new government and subsequently ran and was elected president in March 2019." + "text": "For centuries prior to colonization in the 19th century, the archipelago of the Comoros in the Indian Ocean, served as a key node in the maritime trade networks that connected the Middle East, India, and eastern African regions. Composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, Comoros spent most of the 20th century as a colonial outpost until it declared independence from France on 6 July 1975. Residents of Mayotte, however, voted to remain in France, and the French Government now has classified it as a department of France. Since independence, Comoros has weathered approximately 20 realized and attempted coups resulting in prolonged political instability and stunted economic development. In 2002, President AZALI Assoumani became the first elected president following the completion of the Fomboni Accords, in which the islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli reached an agreement whereby the presidency would rotate among the islands every five years. This power-sharing agreement also included provisions allowing each island to maintain its local government. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed SAMBI was elected as president from Anjouan. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade to Anjouan, but in March 2008 the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In May 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, former President AZALI Assoumani won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. A referendum held in July 2018 - boycotted by the opposition parties - overwhelmingly approved a new constitution removing presidential term limits and the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. In August 2018, President AZALI formed a new government and subsequently ran and was elected president in March 2019." } }, "Geography": { @@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the security forces are limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2022)" + "text": "the security forces are limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 75ebcff9..6699bb17 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Baya 28.8%, Banda 22.9%, Mandjia 9.9%, Sara 7.9%, M'Baka-Bantu 7.9%, Arab-Fulani (Peul) 6%, Mbum 6%, Ngbanki 5.5%, Zande-Nzakara 3%, other Central African Republic ethnic groups 2%, non-Central African Republic ethnic groups .1% (2003 est.)" + "text": "Baya 28.8%, Banda 22.9%, Mandjia 9.9%, Sara 7.9%, M'Baka-Bantu 7.9%, Arab-Fulani (Peuhl) 6%, Mbum 6%, Ngbanki 5.5%, Zande-Nzakara 3%, other Central African Republic ethnic groups 2%, non-Central African Republic ethnic groups .1% (2003 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages" @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "text": "several previous; latest (interim constitution) approved by the Transitional Council 30 August 2015, adopted by referendum 13-14 December 2015, ratified 27 March 2016" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials" + "text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials; note - constitutional referendum on abolishing presidential term limits scheduled for 30 July 2023" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (140 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "first round last held on 27 December 2020; note - on election day, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that a new first round of elections will be held on 27 February for those areas controlled by armed groups and and second round on 14 March" + "text": "first round last held on 27 December 2020; note - on election day, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that a new first round of elections will be held on 27 February for those areas controlled by armed groups and second round on 14 March" }, "election results": { "text": "December 2015 election: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNDP 16, URCA 11, RDC 8, MLPC 10, KNK 7, other 28, independent 60; composition as of March 2022 - men 122, women 18, percent of women 12.9%" @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 332-9893" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
pc@usrcaembassy.org

https://www.usrcaembassy.org/" + "text": "
pc@usrcaembassy.org; centrafricwashington@yahoo.com

https://www.usrcaembassy.org/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1141,8 +1141,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine); Ministry of Interior: National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), National Police (2022)", - "note": "note: in 2019-2021, the CAR created three Mixed Special Security units (Unités Spéciales Mixtes de Sécurité or USMS), regionally based battalion-sized units comprised of about 40% government and 60% rebel soldiers created to provide security along transportation corridors and at mining sites; the units are intended to be transitional in nature with a scheduled deployment time of two years" + "text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine); Ministry of Interior: National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), National Police (2023)", + "note": "note 1: the Special Republican Protection Group (Groupement Spécial Chargé de la Protection Républicaine or GSPR) is part of the Army per a March 2022 decree, but reports to the president; the GSPR provides protection to the head of state

note 2: in 2019-2021, the CAR created three Mixed Special Security units (Unités Spéciales Mixtes de Sécurité or USMS), regionally based battalion-sized units comprised of about 40% government and 60% rebel soldiers created to provide security along transportation corridors and at mining sites; the units are intended to be transitional in nature with a scheduled deployment time of two years; in addition, since mid-2021 the FACA have frequently recruited local militias, mostly former anti-balaka fighters, whom they pay to help track and attack rebels hiding in the bush
" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 FACA troops; up to 2,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 2,000 Mixed Special Security Units (2022)" + "text": "information varies; up to 15,000 FACA troops (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the FACA is lightly armed; most of the military's heavy weapons and equipment were destroyed or captured during the 2012–2014 civil war; prior to the war, most of its equipment was of French, Russian, or Soviet origin; in recent years, it has received small amounts of secondhand equipment from China and Russia (2023)", @@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for military service; no conscription (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since, despite considerable foreign assistance; significant portions of the country remain outside state control and are ungoverned, with the presence of multiple armed actors creating insecurity in much of the country 

in late 2020 and early 2021, the Coalition des Patriotes pour le Change (CPC), a loose coalition of armed groups comprised largely of former Seleka and anti-Balaka fighters, attacked the capital Bangui; CAR Government forces, along with Russian private military contractors and Rwandan troops, repelled the attack but have not been able to stabilize the country; the CPC has retreated to its rear bases and into neighboring countries and continued conducting attacks; other armed groups are also active; forces on both sides have been accused of abuses and atrocities in the fighting 

in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; in addition to teams of military trainers, Russia sent private military contractors, and as of 2022, as many as 2,000 were providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting

the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; as of early 2023, MINUSCA had almost 17,000 personnel 

the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces; since 2016, the EU mission has trained 5 territorial infantry battalions and 1 amphibious infantry battalion; the mission suspended operational training in 2021; France also provided assistance to the FACA before suspending its support, also in 2021 (2023)" + "text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the Central African Armed Forces (FACA); its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since, despite considerable foreign assistance; significant portions of the country remain outside state control and are ungoverned, with the presence of multiple armed actors creating insecurity in much of the country 

in late 2020 and early 2021, the Coalition des Patriotes pour le Change (CPC), a loose coalition of armed groups comprised largely of former Seleka and anti-Balaka fighters, attacked the capital Bangui; CAR Government forces, along with Russian private military contractors and Rwandan troops, repelled the attack but have not been able to stabilize the country; the CPC has retreated to its rear bases and into neighboring countries and continued conducting attacks; other armed groups are also active; forces on both sides have been accused of abuses and atrocities in the fighting 

in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; in addition to teams of military trainers, Russia sent private military contractors, and as of 2022, as many as 2,000 were providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting

the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; as of early 2023, MINUSCA had almost 17,000 personnel 

the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces; since 2016, the EU mission has trained 5 territorial infantry battalions and 1 amphibious infantry battalion; the mission suspended operational training in 2021; France also provided assistance to the FACA before suspending its support, also in 2021 (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,381 (Democratic Republic of Congo), 10,368 (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)" + "text": "6,632 (Democratic Republic of Congo), 10,368 (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "483,074 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2023)" diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 8160acce..20c99904 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "text": "Creole (Mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official), Krioulo (a Portuguese-based Creole language with two main dialects spoken in Cabo Verde and in the Cabo Verdean diaspora worldwide)" + "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based Creole language with two main dialects spoken in Cabo Verde and in the Cabo Verdean diaspora worldwide)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 77.3%, Protestant 4.6% (includes Church of the Nazarene 1.7%, Adventist 1.5%, Assembly of God 0.9%, Universal Kingdom of God 0.4%, and God and Love 0.1%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Christian Rationalism 1.9%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, and New Apostolic 0.5%), Muslim 1.8%, other 1.3%, none 10.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)" @@ -518,10 +518,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Jose Maria NEVES (since 9 November 2021)" + "text": "President Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 9 November 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Ulisses CORREIA E. SILVA (since 22 April 2016)" + "text": "Prime Minister Jose Ulisses CORREIA E. SILVA (since 22 April 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 October 2021 (next to be held in October 2026); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "

2020: Jose Maria NEVES elected president; percent of vote - Jose Maria NEVES (PAICV) 51.7%, Carlos VEIGA (MPD) 42.4%, Casimiro DE PINA (Independent) 1.8%, Fernando Rocha DELGADO (Independent) 1.4%, Helio SANCHES (independent) 1.14%, Gilson ALVES (independent) 0.8%, Joaquim MONTEIRO (independent) 3.4%

2015: Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74.1%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 22.5%, other 3%

" + "text": "

2020: Jose Maria Pereira NEVES elected president; percent of vote - Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (PAICV) 51.7%, Carlos VEIGA (MPD) 42.4%, Casimiro DE PINA (Independent) 1.8%, Fernando Rocha DELGADO (Independent) 1.4%, Helio SANCHES (independent) 1.14%, Gilson ALVES (independent) 0.8%, Joaquim MONTEIRO (independent) 3.4%

2015: Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74.1%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 22.5%, other 3%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES]
Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [João DOS SANTOS LUIS]
Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]
Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]
Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]
Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]" + "text": "African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES]
Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [João DOS SANTOS LUIS]
Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]
Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]
Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]
Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 965-1207" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
embassy@caboverdeus.net

https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/" + "text": "
embassy.wdc@mnec.gov.cv

https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Boston" @@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "Cabo Verde is a transit hub for cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs trafficked from Latin America to Europe; marijuana, cocaine, hashish, heroin, and methamphetamine are the most frequently consumed drugs in Cabo Verde" + "text": "

narcotraffickers transit cocaine, cannabis, and other drugs to Africa and Europe; domestic trafficking contributes to increased consumption of illicit substances;

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 9a2e3bb8..2932332c 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ "text": "960 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FAD is largely focused on border, coastal, and internal security duties, including counterterrorism; China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note – France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO also maintain a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts; in 2017, Djibouti and Saudi Arabia announced plans for the Saudis to build a military base there, although no start date was announced (2023)" + "text": "Djibouti's military forces are largely focused on border, coastal, and internal security duties, including counterterrorism; China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note – France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO also maintain a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) reported no piracy attacks for the Horn of Africa in 2022; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warned that Somali pirates continued to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warned that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2024; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-003 - Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Bab al Mandeb Strait, Red Sea, and Somali Basin-Threats to Commercial Vessels) effective 23 February 2023, which states in part that \"Regional conflict, military activity, and political tensions pose threats to commercial vessels operating in the above listed geographic areas\"" diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 7cdee71b..29900089 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 895-5400; [1] (202) 895-5408" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 244-5131" + "text": "[1] (202) 244-5131; [1] (202) 244-4319" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
consulate@egyptembassy.net

https://www.egyptembassy.net/" @@ -1014,6 +1014,26 @@ "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "3 (2023)" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "262,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 7a26e021..5338de97 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule; it is one of the smallest countries in Africa consisting of a mainland territory and five inhabited islands. The capital of Malabo is located on the island of Bioko, approximately 25 km from the Cameroonian coastline in the Gulf of Guinea. Between 1968 and 1979, autocratic President Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA virtually destroyed all of the country's political, economic, and social institutions before being deposed by his nephew Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since October 1979 and has been elected several times, most recently in 2016. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, presidential and legislative elections since 1996 have been considered flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has placed legal and bureaucratic barriers that hinder political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in late 2004 and has slowly declined since, although aggressive searches for new oilfields continue. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in massive increases in government revenue in past years, generally lower global oil prices since 2014 and depreciating oil fields have placed significant strain on the state budget. While oil revenues have mainly been used for the development of infrastructure, corruption has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy and to increase foreign investment. The country hosts major regional and international conferences and continues to seek a greater role in international affairs, and leadership in the sub-region.

 

" + "text": "

Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region, contemporarily known as Rio Muni, was most likely predominantly inhibited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule.

In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. President MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for approximately 11 years. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under President MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, then a senior military officer, deposed President MACIAS in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in November 2022. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and there is nearly no space for political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was designated for the development of infrastructure. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. 

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 est.)" + "text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Ndowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -530,18 +530,18 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%" + "text": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%" } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (70 seats statutory, 72 seats for current term; 55 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, 15 appointed by the president, and 2 ex-officio)

Chamber of Deputies or Camara de los Diputados (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (70 seats statutory, 74 seats for current term; 55 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, 15 appointed by the president, and 4 ex-officio)

Chamber of Deputies or Camara de los Diputados (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2023 (next to be held in 2028)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 January 2023 (next to be held in 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; elected seats by party - PDGE 55; composition (including 2 ex-officio and 15 appointed) - men 58, women 16, percent of women 21.6%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 100; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 22%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; elected seats by party - PDGE 55; composition (including 2 ex-officio and 15 appointed) - men 58, women 16, percent of women 21.6%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 100; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 27%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -556,10 +556,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]
Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)
National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]
National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]
National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]
Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]
Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]" + "text": "Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]
Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)
National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]
National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]
National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]
Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]
Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD)[Buenaventura MONSUY ASUMU]" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, , UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index 2c88b0a3..cc261a31 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

After independence from Italian colonial control in 1941 and 10 years of British administrative control, the UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been highly autocratic and repressive. His government has created a highly militarized society by pursuing an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service – divided between military and civilian service – of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Following the July 2018 peace agreement with Ethiopia, Eritrean leaders engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In November 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for Al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia has led to a steady resumption of economic ties, with increased air transport, trade, tourism, and port activities, but the economy remains agriculture-dependent, and Eritrea is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression and conscription and militarization continue.

" + "text": "

After independence from Italian colonial control in 1941 and 10 years of British administrative control, the UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year conflict for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean fighters defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been characterized by highly autocratic and repressive actions. His government has created a highly militarized society by instituting an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service – divided between military and civilian service – of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Following the July 2018 peace agreement with Ethiopia, Eritrean leaders engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In November 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia led to a resumption of economic ties, with increased air transport, trade, tourism, and port activities, until late 2020, but the economy remains agriculture-dependent, and Eritrea is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Eritrea faced new international condemnation and US sanctions in mid-2021 for its participation in the war in Ethiopia’s Tigray Regional State, where Eritrean forces were found to have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. As most Eritrean troops were departing northern Ethiopia in January 2023, ISAIAS began a series of diplomatic engagements aimed at bolstering Eritrea’s foreign partnerships and regional influence. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression and conscription and militarization continue.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (not fully implemented)" + "text": "ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly" @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ "text": "State Council appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the only election was held on 8 June 1993, following independence from Ethiopia (next election postponed indefinitely)" + "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), according to the constitution; the only election was held on 8 June 1993, following independence from Ethiopia (successive election postponed indefinitely)" }, "election results": { "text": "1993: ISAIAS Afwerki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS  Afwerki (PFDJ) 95%, other 5%" @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party and 75 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of late 2021, there was no sitting legislative body (2021)" + "text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of 2023, there was no sitting legislative body" }, "election results": { "text": "NA" @@ -1144,14 +1144,14 @@ "text": "limited available information; estimated 150,000-200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the EDF inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, and in recent years, Eritrea has expressed interest in purchasing additional Russian equipment (2022)" + "text": "the EDF inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, and in recent years, Eritrea has expressed interest in purchasing additional Russian equipment; in 2022, it reportedly received some UAVs from Russia (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "Eritrea mandates military service for all citizens between the ages of 18 and 40 (18-27 for women if conscripted); 18-month conscript service obligation, which includes 4-6 months of military training and 12 months of military or other national service (military service is most common); in practice, military service is often extended indefinitely; citizens up to the age of 55 eligible for recall during mobilization (2023)", "note": "note: as of 2020, women were estimated to make up as much as 30% of the Eritrean military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the EDF’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the Army is by far the dominant service; it is a large, conscript-based force with an estimated 20 infantry divisions, as well as a division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has a small number of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy maintains a limited number of coastal patrol vessels 

since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray War in Ethiopia (2020-2022) (2023)" + "text": "the EDF’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the Army is the dominant service; it is a large, conscript-based force with an estimated 20 infantry divisions, as well as a division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has a small number of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy maintains a limited number of coastal patrol vessels 

since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray conflict in Ethiopia (2020-2023) (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index dcfe6b86..4fa26a6e 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)" + "text": "Oromo (official working language of the State of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo)

የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)
House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)
House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)" + "text": "House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected in October 2026)
House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next expected in June 2026)" }, "election results": { "text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women  41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "note": "note: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz People’s Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella People’s Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali People’s Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). Once the Prosperity Party was created, the various ethnically-based parties that comprised or were affiliated with the EPRDF were subsequently disbanded; in January 2021, the Ethiopian electoral board de-registered the Tigray People’s Liberation Front or TPLF; national level parties are qualified to register candidates in multiple regions across Ethiopia; regional parties can register candidates for both national and regional parliaments, but only in one region of Ethiopia" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (accession candidate)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ "text": "5-8,000 Somalia (approximately 4,000 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the 2020-22 conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,450 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary units 

the ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions

from November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023)" + "text": "the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) has traditionally been one of sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries, but it suffered heavy casualties and equipment losses during the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary units 

the ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and internal threats from multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (including the ethnonationalist Amhara Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) regional state, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of al-Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "414,905 (South Sudan), 253,616 (Somalia), 164,271 (Eritrea), 48,964 (Sudan) (2023)" + "text": "416,308 (South Sudan), 276,412 (Somalia), 164,271 (Eritrea), 48,964 (Sudan) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2.73 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2023)" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 65d01756..b4edfe26 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Momodou Lamin BAH (12 December 2022)


" + "text": "Ambassador Momodou Lamin BAH (12 December 2022)
" }, "chancery": { "text": "5630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011" @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 785-1430" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@gambiaembassy.us

https://www.gambiaembassydc.us/home" + "text": "
info@gambiaembassydc.us; 
gambiaembassydc@gmail.com

https://www.gambiaembassydc.us/home" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 3,000 active troops (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the GAF has a limited equipment inventory (2022)" + "text": "the GAF has a limited and obsolescent equipment inventory originating from several suppliers, including China, the UK, and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (18-22 for officers); no conscription; service obligation 6 months (2021)" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 737aa4f2..30ad1808 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ "text": "previous 1961; latest drafted May 1990, adopted 15 March 1991, promulgated 26 March 1991" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2020" + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2023 (presidential term reduced to 5 years and election reduced to a single vote)" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 27 August 2016 (next to be held in August 2023); prime minister appointed by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 27 August 2016 (next to be held on 2 September 2023); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "

2016: Ali BONGO Ondimba reelected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 49.8%, Jean PING (UFC) 48.2%, other 2.0%

2009: Ali BONGO Ondimba elected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 41.7%, Andre MBA OBAME (independent) 25.9%, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU (UPG) 25.2%, Zacharie MYBOTO (UGDD) 3.9%, other 3.3%

 

" @@ -551,13 +551,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (102 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (67 seats; 52 members indirectly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, and 15 members appointed by the president; all members serve 6-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "

Senate - last held on 30 January and 6 February 2021 (next to be held in December 2026)
National Assembly - held in 2 rounds on 6 and 27 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)

 

" }, "election results": { - "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - NA

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 121, women 22, percent of women 15.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women NA

 

" + "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - men 51, women 16, percent of women 23.9%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 122, women 21, percent of women 14.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 17.6%

 

" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [Gen. Jean-Boniface ASSELE]
Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge]
Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]
Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccheri GAHILA]
Legacy and Modernity Party or RH&M
National Woodcutters' Rally - Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG [Paul Mba ABESSOLE]
Restoration of Republican Values or RV
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]
Social Democrats of Gabon 
The Democrats or LD [Guy NZOUBA-NDAMA]
Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]
Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Jean PING]
Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA]", + "text": "Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]
Restoration of Republican Values or RV
The Democrats or LD [Guy NZOUBA-NDAMA]", "note": "Paul Mba Abessole" }, "International organization participation": { @@ -1180,13 +1180,13 @@ "text": "approximately 6,500 active duty troops including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Gabonese military is lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers including Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2022)" + "text": "the Gabonese military is lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers including Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Gabonese military is a small and lightly-armed force that is responsible for both external and internal security; members of the military attempted a failed coup in 2019; the Gabonese military has benefited from cooperation with international partners, particularly the French military, which has maintained a long-term presence in Gabon; the Army’s core forces are the Republican Guard and an airborne infantry battalion, which are supported by several small regionally-based infantry units; the Gendarmerie has regionally-based “legions,” as well as mobile forces, a national parks security unit, and a special intervention group; the Air Force has a small number of older French-made fighter aircraft and some combat helicopters, also mostly of French origin; the Navy has a small force of patrol boats (2023)" + "text": "the Gabonese military is a small and lightly-armed force that is responsible for both external and internal security; some members of the military attempted a failed coup in 2019; the French military has maintained a long-term presence in Gabon; the Army’s core forces are the Republican Guard and an airborne infantry battalion, which are supported by several small regionally-based infantry units; the Gendarmerie has regionally-based “legions,” as well as mobile forces, a national parks security unit, and a special intervention group; the Air Force has a small number of older French-made fighter aircraft and some combat helicopters, also mostly of French origin; the Navy has a small force of patrol boats (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022 in the waters off Gabon; the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"" diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index a1c80d26..ceb0e228 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "All Peoples Congress or APC [Hassan AYARIGA]
Convention People's Party or CPP [Onsy Kwame NKRUMAH, acting]
Ghana Freedom Party or GFP [Akua DONKOR]
Ghana Union Movement or GUM [Christian Kwabena ANDREWS]
Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Henry Herbert LARTEY]
Liberal Party of Ghana or LPG [Kofi AKPALOO]
National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA]
National Democratic Party or NDP [Nana Konadu Agyeman RAWLINGS]
New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO]
People's National Convention or PNC [David APASERA]
Progressive People's Party or PPP [Paa Kwesi NDUOM]
United Front Party or UFP [Dr. Nana A. BOATENG]
United Progressive Party or UPP [Akwasi Addai ODIKE]", + "text": "All Peoples Congress or APC [Hassan AYARIGA]
Convention People's Party or CPP [Onsy Kwame NKRUMAH, acting]
Ghana Freedom Party or GFP [Akua DONKOR]
Ghana Union Movement or GUM [Christian Kwabena ANDREWS]
Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Henry Herbert LARTEY]
Liberal Party of Ghana or LPG [Kofi AKPALOO]
National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA]
National Democratic Party or NDP [Nana Konadu Agyeman RAWLINGS]
New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO]
People's National Convention or PNC [Janet NABIA]
Progressive People's Party or PPP [Paa Kwesi NDUOM]
United Front Party or UFP [Dr. Nana A. BOATENG]
United Progressive Party or UPP [Akwasi Addai ODIKE]", "note": "note: Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are those which participated in the 2020 general election" }, "International organization participation": { @@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ "text": "approximately 14,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; in recent years, China and Czechia have been among the leading arms suppliers (2023)" + "text": "the military's inventory is a mix older and some newer Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription (2022)" @@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ "text": "

disputed maritime border between Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a transit and destination point for illicit drugs trafficked from Asia and South America to other African nations and Europe, and to a lesser extent the United States; cultivation of cannabis for domestic use and is trafficked to regional markets or to Europe" + "text": "

Ghana is a transit and destination point for illicit drugs trafficked from Asia and South America to other African countries, Europe, and to a lesser extent North America;  not a significant source for drugs entering the United States;  limited local consumption of controlled pharmaceuticals, cocaine, and heroin from Asia and South America; cannabis cultivated and produced in large quantities in most rural areas of Ghana  

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 1ee8f3ae..d4d15b81 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ "text": "approximately 12,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of aging and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2022)" + "text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of aging and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, and South Africa (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "Voluntary and selective conscripted service, 9-24 mos (2022)" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 51ef7464..d1c04382 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single renewable 5-year term ; election last held on 31 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025); vice president elected on same ballot as president; prime minister appointed by the president; note – because President OUATTARA promulgated the new constitution during his second term, he has claimed that the clock is reset on term limits, allowing him to run for up to two additional terms" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single renewable 5-year term ; election last held on 31 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025); vice president elected on same ballot as president; prime minister appointed by the president; note – because President OUATTARA promulgated the new constitution in 2016, he has claimed that the clock is reset on term limits, allowing him to run for up to two additional terms" }, "election results": { "text": "

2020: Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 94.3%, Kouadio Konan BERTIN (PDCI-RDA) 2.0%, other 3.7%

2015: Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 83.7%, Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN (FPI) 9.3%, Konan Bertin KOUADIO (independent) 3.9%, other 3.1% 

" @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senat (99 seats; 66 members indirectly elected by the National Assembly and members of municipal, autonomous districts, and regional councils, and 33 members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (255 seats - 254 for 2021-2026 term; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "

Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held on 31 March 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)

 

" + "text": "

Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in September 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)

 

" }, "election results": { "text": "

Senate - percent by party NA; seats by party - RHDP 50, independent 16; composition - men 80, women 19, percent of women 19.2%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - RHDP 49.2%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.5%, DPIC 6%, TTB 2.1%, IPF 2%, other seats 24.2%; seats by party - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, EDS 8, TTB 8, IPF 2, independent 26; composition - men 218, women 36, percent of women 14.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.6%

" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 462-9444" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@ambacidc.org

https://ambaciusa.org/#" + "text": "
info@ambacidc.org

Ambassade de Cote D’ivoire aux USA (ambaciusa.org)" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ "text": "850 Mali (MINUSMA) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military has mutinied several times since the late 1990s, most recently in 2017, and has had a large role in the country’s political turmoil; the FACI's operational focus is internal security and the growing threat posed by Islamic militants associated with the al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) terrorist group operating across the border in Burkina Faso; AQIM militants conducted significant attacks in the country in 2016 and 2020; Côte d’Ivoire since 2016 has stepped up border security and completed building a joint counter-terrorism training center with France near Abidjan in 2020

the UN maintained a 9,000-strong peacekeeping force in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI) from 2004 until 2017 (2022)" + "text": "the military has mutinied several times since the late 1990s, most recently in 2017, and has had a large role in the country’s political turmoil; the FACI's operational focus is internal security and the growing threat posed by Islamic terrorists associated with the al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) terrorist group operating across the border in Burkina Faso; AQIM militants conducted significant attacks in the country in 2016 and 2020; Côte d’Ivoire since 2016 has stepped up border security and completed building a joint counter-terrorism training center with France near Abidjan in 2020

the UN maintained a 9,000-strong peacekeeping force in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI) from 2004 until 2017 (2022)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported one product tanker hijacked and one product tanker boarded in the territorial and offshore waters of Cote d'Ivoire in 2022; in both cases the ship's cargo and valuables were stolen; the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index 80710831..42b6277b 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Lazarus Ombai AMAYO (since 17 July 2020)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "1616 P Street NW, Suite 340, Washington, DC 20036" + "text": "2249 R St NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 387-6101" @@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "281,319 (Somalia), 157,402 (South Sudan), 72,192 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,392 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)" + "text": "281,319 (Somalia), 157,402 (South Sudan), 55,805 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,392 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2021)" @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit country for a variety of illicit drugs, including heroin and cocaine; transit location for precursor chemicals used to produce methamphetamine and other drugs; transshipment country for heroin from Southwest Asia destined for international markets, mainly Europe, and cocaine transits shipped through Ethiopia from South America; cultivates cannabis and miraa (khat) for both local use and export

" + "text": "

a transit country for illicit drugs and precursor chemicals; domestic drug consumption of cannabis and miraa (khat) is growing; heroin enters Kenya via Tanzania and in shipments across the Indian Ocean from Southwest Asia mostly destined for international markets, principally Europe; cocaine enters Kenya primarily via transshipment through Ethiopia

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index ba099476..deeb3440 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 723-0436" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@liberiaemb.org

http://www.liberianembassyus.org/" + "text": "
info@liberiaembus.org

http://www.liberianembassyus.org/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ "text": "

Liberia-Guinea: none identified

Liberia-Sierra Leone: none identified

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

not a significant transit country for illicit narcotics but proximity to major drug routes contribute to trafficking; not a significant producer of illicit narcotics; local drug use involves marijuana, heroin, cocaine, the synthetic opioid tramadol, and amphetamine-type stimulants

" + "text": "

not a significant transit country for illicit narcotics bound for the United States or Europe; not a key producer of illicit drugs; proximity to major drug transit routes contribute to trafficking cocaine and heroin, to and through Liberia and other West African countries; local drug use involves locally grown cannabis, heroin (mostly smoked), cocaine (snorted), and more recently kush (Cannabis Indic’s type flower), mixed with different substances including heroin or synthetic DMT

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 117faded..d3946c05 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%" + "text": "Sotho 99.7%, other 0.3% (includes San, Kwena, Nguni (Hlubi and Phuthi), Zulu)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa" + "text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu" }, "Religions": { "text": "Protestant 47.8% (Pentecostal 23.1%, Lesotho Evangelical 17.3%, Anglican 7.4%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, other Christian 9.1%, non-Christian 1.4%, none 2.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "text": "Prime Minister Ntsokoane Samuel MATEKANE (4 November 2022)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "consists of the prime minister, appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State, the deputy prime minister, and 26 other ministers" + "text": "consists of the prime minister, appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State, the deputy prime minister, and 15 other ministers" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary, but under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a \"living symbol of national unity\" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law, the College of Chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, to determine next in line of succession, or to serve as regent in the event that a successor is not of mature age; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister" @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "

Senate - last nominated by the king on July 2022 (next in late July 2027)
National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held on October 2027)

" + "text": "

Senate - last nominated by the king on July 2022 (next in late July 2027)
National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held in October 2027)

" }, "election results": { "text": "

Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 26, women 7, percent of women 21.2%

National Assembly - percent of votes by party - RFP 38.9%, DC 24.7%, ABC 7.1%, BAP 5.4%, AD 4.0%, MEC 3.2%, LCD 2.3%, SR 2.1%, BNP 1.4%, PFD 0.9%, BCM 0.8%, MPS 0.8%, MIP 0.7%; seats by party - RFP 56, DC 29, ABC 8, BAP 6, AD 5, MEC 4, LCD 3, SR 2, BNP 1, PFD 1,BCM 1, MPS 1, NIP 1, HOPE 1, TBD 1; composition - men 87, women 28, percent of women 23.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.9%

" @@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC [Nkaku KABI]
Alliance of Democrats or AD [Monyane MOLELEKI]
Basotho Action Party or BAP [Nqosa MAHAO]
Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE]
Democratic Congress or DC [Mathibeli MOKHOTHU]
Democratic Party of Lesotho or DPL [Limpho TAU]
Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]
Movement of Economic Change or MEC [Selibe MOCHOBOROANE]
National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]
Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]
Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]" + "text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC [Nkaku KABI]
Alliance of Democrats or AD [Monyane MOLELEKI]
Basotho Action Party or BAP [Nqosa MAHAO]
Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE]
Democratic Congress or DC [Mathibeli MOKHOTHU]
Democratic Party of Lesotho or DPL [Limpho TAU]
Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]
Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Mabusetsa MAKHARILELEJ]
Movement of Economic Change or MEC [Selibe MOCHOBOROANE]
National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]
Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]
Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ "text": "20-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa

the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was subsequently renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2023)" + "text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was subsequently renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 7ad03329..5475c834 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 721-0288" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
malawiembassy-dc.org

http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/" + "text": "
info@malawiembassy-dc.org

http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 0d239529..09a455f9 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ "text": "Bambara 33.3%, Fulani (Peuhl) 13.3%, Sarakole/Soninke/Marka 9.8%, Senufo/Manianka 9.6%, Malinke 8.8%, Dogon 8.7%, Sonrai 5.9%, Bobo 2.1%, Tuareg/Bella 1.7%, other Malian 6%, from members of Economic Community of West Africa 0.4%, other 0.3% (2018 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)", + "text": "French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)", "note": "note: Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language" }, "Religions": { @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Transition President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021); note - an August 2020 coup d'etat deposed President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA; on 21 September 2020, a group of 17 electors chosen by the Malian military junta, known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP) and led by Colonel Assimi GOITA, selected Bah NDAW as transition president; GOITA served as vice president of the transitional government which was inaugurated on 25 September 2020; Vice President GOITA seized power on 25 May 2021; NDAW resigned on 26 May 2021; on 6 June 2022, GOITA's government announced a transition period of 24 months with a return to civilian rule effective March 2024" + "text": "Transition President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021); note - an August 2020 coup d'etat deposed President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA; on 21 September 2020, a group of 17 electors chosen by the Malian military junta, known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP) and led by Colonel Assimi GOITA, selected Bah NDAW as transition president; GOITA served as vice president of the transitional government which was inaugurated on 25 September 2020; Vice President GOITA seized power on 25 May 2021; NDAW resigned on 26 May 2021; on 6 June 2022, GOITA's government announced a transition period of 24 months with a planned return to civilian rule by March 2024" }, "head of government": { "text": "Transition Prime Minister Choguel MAIGA (appointed by Transitional President Assimi GOITA on 7 June 2021)

note: former transition Prime Minister Moctar OUANE was arrested and detained by the military on 24 May 2021 and resigned on 26 May 2021" @@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 332-6603" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
infos@mali.embassy.us

https://www.maliembassy.us/" + "text": "
administration@maliembassy.us

https://www.maliembassy.us/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active FAMa personnel (includes up to 2,000 Air Force); approximately 5,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 10,000 National Guard (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of mostly secondhand armaments from more than a dozen countries, especially Russia (2023)" + "text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of newer armaments from more than a dozen countries, especially China and Russia (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for men and women for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 24-month compulsory service obligation (2023)" @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ "text": "note: until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FAMa is responsible for defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, but also has some domestic security duties, including the maintenance of public order and support to law enforcement if required, as well as counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it also participates in socio-economic development projects; the military has traditionally played a large role in Mali’s politics; prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, it had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012)

the FAMa and other security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent/terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and attacks are increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has regained strength in recent years

the FAMa and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained as many as 15,000 Malian soldiers and 8 combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; EUTM suspended its training program in 2022, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; over the same period, the French military provided considerable assistance to the Malian security forces and conducted counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in Mali; the French suspended operations in 2021 and in August 2022 withdrew the last of its forces while also citing issues with the military government; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of early 2023, MINUSMA had around 14,000 personnel assigned 
 
in addition to the EU-trained GTIAs, the Army has commandos and special forces, as well as recently created motorcycle-mounted reconnaissance units; the Air Force has small numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters, as well as a few armed UAVs; the Gendarmerie and National Guard field company-sized paramilitary units, including camel-mounted forces in the National Guard; they also have special anti-terrorism and intervention forces

the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; the contractors have also participated in security operations and been accused of war crimes; as of 2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2023)" + "text": "the FAMa is responsible for defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, but also has some domestic security duties, including the maintenance of public order and support to law enforcement if required, as well as counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it also participates in socio-economic development projects; the military has traditionally played a large role in Mali’s politics; prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, it had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012)

the FAMa and other security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent/terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and attacks are increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has regained strength in recent years

the FAMa and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained as many as 15,000 Malian soldiers and 8 combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; EUTM suspended its training program in 2022, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; over the same period, the French military provided considerable assistance to the Malian security forces and conducted counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in Mali; the French suspended operations in 2021 and in August 2022 withdrew the last of its forces while also citing issues with the military government; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of 2023, MINUSMA had around 15,000 personnel assigned 
 
in addition to the EU-trained GTIAs, the Army has commandos and special forces, as well as recently created motorcycle-mounted reconnaissance units; the Air Force has small numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters, as well as a few armed UAVs; the Gendarmerie and National Guard field company-sized paramilitary units, including camel-mounted forces in the National Guard; they also have special anti-terrorism and intervention forces

the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; the contractors have also participated in security operations and been accused of war crimes; as of 2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index da5f231a..31ac763f 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -645,10 +645,10 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 462-7979" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 462-7643" + "text": "[1] (202) 265-0161" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
Washingtonembbmorocco@maec.gov.ma

https://www.embassyofmorocco.us/" + "text": "
washingtonembmorocco@maec.gov.ma" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" @@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

one of the world’s largest cannabis-producing countries with Europe as the main  market; hashish is also smuggled to South America and the Caribbean where it is exchanged for cocaine which is distributed in Europe; MDMA (ecstasy), originating in Belgium and the Netherlands is smuggled into northern Morocco for sale on the domestic market

" + "text": "

one of the world’s largest cannabis-producing country with Europe as the main  market; hashish is smuggled to South America and the Caribbean where it is exchanged for cocaine which is distributed in Europe; MDMA (ecstasy), originating in Belgium and the Netherlands is smuggled into northern Morocco for sale on the domestic market

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index e8e1058f..f96a3725 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -562,17 +562,17 @@ "text": "Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance 2019; coalition includes PM, MSM, ML, and MAG) [Pravind JUGNAUTH] 
Jean-Claude Barbier Movement (Mouvement Jean-Claude Barbier) or MJCB [Jean-Claude Barbier]
Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER]
Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]
Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]
Militant Platform or PM (Plateforme Militante) [Steven OBEEGADOO]
Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]
Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO]
National Alliance (coalition includes PTR, PMSD, and MJCB) [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]
Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotique) or MAG [Alan GANOO]
Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

note: only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed

" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Purmanund JHUGROO (since 7 July 2021)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; administrative offices at 3201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20036" + "text": "1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 244-1491; [1] (202) 244-1492" + "text": "[1] (202) 244-1491" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 966-0983" diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 7312e55b..f83d09df 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 319-2623" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
office@mauritaniaembassyus.com

http://mauritaniaembassyus.com/" + "text": "
ambarimwashington@diplomatie.gov.mr; ambarimwash@gmail.com

mauritaniaembassyus.org – Mauritania Embassy washington" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 17b33c53..86c40dee 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ "text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Lutero SIMANGO]
Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]
Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]

note: only parties with seats in the legislature listed" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OCHA, OHCHR, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNDSS, UNECA, UNEP,  UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNODC, UNOPS, UNV, Union Latina, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "used by transnational organized crime networks from West and East Africa and South Asia as a transit point for drug trafficking and international money laundering; heroin from Southwest Asia, cocaine from South America, precursor chemicals and controlled pharmaceuticals from India, and methamphetamine from Nigeria transit destined for Southern Africa, Northern Africa, Europe, Canada, and the United States; cannabis is cultivated in Mozambique" + "text": "

a transit country for large shipments of heroin and methamphetamine originating from Afghanistan to primarily South Africa

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index e8be88ad..5be4d9af 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ "note": "note 1: Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; defense forces from each of the participating states are allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US

note 2: Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against Islamic militant groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders

the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram

in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey

the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; the FAN also conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during 1990-95 and 2007-09 (2023)" + "text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against terrorist groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders

the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram

in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey

the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; the FAN also conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during 1990-95 and 2007-09 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1233,14 +1233,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "187,927 (Nigeria), 66,084 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" + "text": "181,239 (Nigeria), 66,084 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "376,809 (includes the regions of Diffa, Tillaberi, and Tahoua; unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for illicit drugs trafficked through the Sahara; drugs from South America, particularly cocaine, heroin, cannabis products, and synthetic drugs, transit en route to European and Middle Eastern markets; synthetic opioid tramadol is shipped from Nigeria through Niger to other African countries; hashish from Morocco is trafficked to Libya, Egypt, Europe, and the Middle East; traffickers are formalized networks of Arab, Tuareg, and Toubou transportation groups

" + "text": "

a transit country for illegal drugs shipped through Niger to Africa, Europe, and the Middle East; drugs from South America, cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and various synthetics transit through Niger to European and Middle Eastern markets; hashish from Morocco is trafficked through Niger to Libya and Egypt and Europe and the Middle East; Nigerien citizens and migrants crossing Niger consume significant quantities  of  the opioid tramadol from neighboring Nigeria

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 440dbaeb..95fea52f 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -593,13 +593,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (360 seats statutory, 258 current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "

Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)
House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)

 

" }, "election results": { - "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 64, PDP 39, YPP 1, APGA 1, NNPP 1; composition - men 101, women 3, percent of women 2.7%

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 209, PDP 126, NNPP 8, APGA 5, SDP 5, LP 3, ADC 1, PRP 1, Accord 1; composition - men 348, women 11, percent of women 3.0%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.0%

 

" + "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition - men 106, women 3, percent of women 2.75%

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition - men 344, women 14, percent of women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.6%

 

" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since 24 December 2019)" + "text": "Vacant" }, "embassy": { "text": "Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja" @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)" + "text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active-duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023)" @@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ "note": "note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into 8 divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army

the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)" + "text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into 8 divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army

the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in the territorial and offshore waters of Nigeria in 2022, down from six attacks in 2021; the offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"

" @@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol" + "text": "

Nigeria is a major hub for transnational drug trafficking networks entrenched throughout the world and supplying cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; also exporting massive quantities of opioids such as tramadol and captagon along with crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 1ccebe4b..9b850191 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "text": "

Democratic Change or DC
Democratic Forum or DF
Labour Party or LPSS [Federico Awi VUNI]
South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA [Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii]
Sudan African National Union or SANU [Toby MADOUT]
Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon]
United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    
United South Sudan African Party or USSAP [Louis Pasquale ALEU, Secretary]
United South Sudan Party or USSP [Paulino LUKUDU Obede]    

note: only parties with seats in the Transitional National Legislative Assembly included" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" + "text": "AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ "text": "in 2023, South Sudan sent approximately 750 troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of an East Africa Community military peacekeeping force" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the SSPDF is largely focused on internal security; the Ground Force has approximately 8 light infantry divisions plus a mechanized presidential guard division (aka the Tiger Division); the Air Force has small numbers of transport aircraft and combat helicopters 

the SSPDF, formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF

the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023

United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of 2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,500 military and police personnel (2023)" + "text": "the South Sudan People's Defense Forces (SSPDF) are largely focused on internal security; the Ground Force has approximately 8 light infantry divisions plus a mechanized presidential guard division (aka the Tiger Division); the Air Force has small numbers of transport aircraft and combat helicopters 

the SSPDF, formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF

the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023

United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of 2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,500 military and police personnel (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "289,840 (Sudan) (2022); 11,446 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)" + "text": "289,840 (Sudan) (2022); 11,455 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2.23 million (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2023)" diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index ae0b8f2b..4725b47e 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ "text": "approximately 4,000 total active troops, including a few hundred air and naval personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FARP is poorly armed with an inventory consisting of Soviet-era equipment, much of which is reportedly unserviceable; over the past several years, it has received only a small amount of equipment from China and Spain (2022)" + "text": "the FARP is armed mostly with Soviet-era equipment, much of which is reportedly unserviceable (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger, with parental consent, for voluntary service (2023)" diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index f9a5258a..f636eccb 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa (Pygmy)" + "text": "Hutu, Tutsi, Twa" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "212,985 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,627 (Burundi) (2023)" + "text": "76,379 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,627 (Burundi) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "9,500 (2022)" diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 3f61be84..a73901c7 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 1 additional term); election last held on 22-24 October 2020 (originally scheduled for December 2020 but moved up to coincide with the 22-24 October National Assembly election in order to cut election costs)" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 1 additional term); election last held on 22-24 October 2020 (originally scheduled for December 2020 but moved up to coincide with the 22-24 October 2025 National Assembly election in order to cut election costs)" }, "election results": { "text": "2020: Wavel RAMKALAWAN elected president; Wavel RAMKALAWAN (LDS) 54.9%, Danny FAURE (US) 43.5%, other 1.6%

2015:  President James Alix MICHEL reelected president in second round; percent of vote first round - James Alix MICHEL (PL) 47.8%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (SNP) 35.3%, other 16.9%; percent of vote second round - James Alix MICHEL (PL) 50.2%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (SNP) 49.8%" @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (35 seats in the 2020-25 term; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 9 members elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 22-24 Oct 2020 (next to be held October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and will be held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs" + "text": "last held on 22-24 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3% , other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US10; composition - men 27, women 8, percent of women 22.9%" @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ "text": "[1] (212) 972-1786" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
seychelles@un.int" + "text": "
seychelles@un.int; seychellesmission@sycun.org

Foreign Affairs Department Republic of Seychelles » United States of America (mfa.gov.sc)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" @@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ "text": "18-28 (18-25 for officers) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year initial commitment; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "formed in 1977, the SDF is one of the world's smallest militaries; its primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling; it was given police powers in 2022; the Seychelles have strong security ties with India (2023)" + "text": "formed in 1977, the SDF is one of the world's smallest militaries; its primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling; it was given police powers in 2022; the Seychelles has strong security ties with India (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index f9c90a4f..00f1f881 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Christian 86%, ancestral, tribal, animist, or other traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "Christian 86%,  traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

South Africa’s youthful population is gradually aging, as the country’s total fertility rate (TFR) has declined dramatically from about 6 children per woman in the 1960s to roughly 2.2 in 2014, and has remained at this level as of 2022. This pattern is similar to fertility trends in South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, and sets South Africa apart from the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa, where the average TFR remains higher than other regions of the world. Today, South Africa’s decreasing number of reproductive age women is having fewer children, as women increase their educational attainment, workforce participation, and use of family planning methods; delay marriage; and opt for smaller families.

As the proportion of working-age South Africans has grown relative to children and the elderly, South Africa has been unable to achieve a demographic dividend because persistent high unemployment and the prevalence of HIV/AIDs have created a larger-than-normal dependent population. HIV/AIDS was also responsible for South Africa’s average life expectancy plunging to less than 43 years in 2008; it has rebounded to 65 years as of 2022. HIV/AIDS continues to be a serious public health threat, although awareness-raising campaigns and the wider availability of anti-retroviral drugs is stabilizing the number of new cases, enabling infected individuals to live longer, healthier lives, and reducing mother-child transmissions.

Migration to South Africa began in the second half of the 17th century when traders from the Dutch East India Company settled in the Cape and started using slaves from South and southeast Asia (mainly from India but also from present-day Indonesia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia) and southeast Africa (Madagascar and Mozambique) as farm laborers and, to a lesser extent, as domestic servants. The Indian subcontinent remained the Cape Colony’s main source of slaves in the early 18th century, while slaves were increasingly obtained from southeast Africa in the latter part of the 18th century and into the 19th century under British rule.

After slavery was completely abolished in the British Empire in 1838, South Africa’s colonists turned to temporary African migrants and indentured labor through agreements with India and later China, countries that were anxious to export workers to alleviate domestic poverty and overpopulation. Of the more than 150,000 indentured Indian laborers hired to work in Natal’s sugar plantations between 1860 and 1911, most exercised the right as British subjects to remain permanently (a small number of Indian immigrants came freely as merchants). Because of growing resentment toward Indian workers, the 63,000 indentured Chinese workers who mined gold in Transvaal between 1904 and 1911 were under more restrictive contracts and generally were forced to return to their homeland.

In the late 19th century and nearly the entire 20th century, South Africa’s then British colonies’ and Dutch states’ enforced selective immigration policies that welcomed \"assimilable\" white Europeans as permanent residents but excluded or restricted other immigrants. Following the Union of South Africa’s passage of a law in 1913 prohibiting Asian and other non-white immigrants and its elimination of the indenture system in 1917, temporary African contract laborers from neighboring countries became the dominant source of labor in the burgeoning mining industries. Others worked in agriculture and smaller numbers in manufacturing, domestic service, transportation, and construction. Throughout the 20th century, at least 40% of South Africa’s miners were foreigners; the numbers peaked at over 80% in the late 1960s. Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana, and Eswatini were the primary sources of miners, and Malawi and Zimbabwe were periodic suppliers.

Under apartheid, a \"two gates\" migration policy focused on policing and deporting illegal migrants rather than on managing migration to meet South Africa’s development needs. The exclusionary 1991 Aliens Control Act limited labor recruitment to the highly skilled as defined by the ruling white minority, while bilateral labor agreements provided exemptions that enabled the influential mining industry and, to a lesser extent, commercial farms, to hire temporary, low-paid workers from neighboring states. Illegal African migrants were often tacitly allowed to work for low pay in other sectors but were always under threat of deportation.

The abolishment of apartheid in 1994 led to the development of a new inclusive national identity and the strengthening of the country’s restrictive immigration policy. Despite South Africa’s protectionist approach to immigration, the downsizing and closing of mines, and rising unemployment, migrants from across the continent believed that the country held work opportunities. Fewer African labor migrants were issued temporary work permits and, instead, increasingly entered South Africa with visitors’ permits or came illegally, which drove growth in cross-border trade and the informal job market. A new wave of Asian immigrants has also arrived over the last two decades, many operating small retail businesses.

In the post-apartheid period, increasing numbers of highly skilled white workers emigrated, citing dissatisfaction with the political situation, crime, poor services, and a reduced quality of life. The 2002 Immigration Act and later amendments were intended to facilitate the temporary migration of skilled foreign labor to fill labor shortages, but instead the legislation continues to create regulatory obstacles. Although the education system has improved and brain drain has slowed in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, South Africa continues to face skills shortages in several key sectors, such as health care and technology.

South Africa’s stability and economic growth has acted as a magnet for refugees and asylum seekers from nearby countries, despite the prevalence of discrimination and xenophobic violence. Refugees have included an estimated 350,000 Mozambicans during its 1980s civil war and, more recently, several thousand Somalis, Congolese, and Ethiopians. Nearly all of the tens of thousands of Zimbabweans who have applied for asylum in South Africa have been categorized as economic migrants and denied refuge.

" @@ -574,10 +574,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President VACANT; note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - Deputy President David MABUZA resigned 1 March 2023" + "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President Paul MASHSATILE (since 7 March 2023); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - Deputy President David MABUZA resigned 1 March 2023" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); deputy president David MABUZA (26 February 2018" + "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President Paul MASHSATILE (since 7 March 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -628,10 +628,10 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 232-4400" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 265-1607; [1] (202) 387-9854" + "text": "[1] (202) 265-1607" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
https://www.saembassy.org/" + "text": "
Info.SAembassyDC@dirco.gov.za

https://www.saembassy.org/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -1015,6 +1015,26 @@ "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.85GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "6% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "2.3% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "248.388 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1295,7 +1315,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "leading regional importer of chemicals used in the production of illicit drugs especially synthetic drugs" + "text": "

leading regional importer of chemicals used in the production of illicit drugs especially synthetic drugs;

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index f68d3f27..0a85ec48 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -633,13 +633,13 @@ "text": "Ambassador Mansour Elimane KANE (since 6 January 2020)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2215 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" + "text": "2215 M ST NW, Washington, DC 20037" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 234-0540" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 629-2961" + "text": "[1] (202) 332-6315; [1] (202) 629-2961" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
contact@ambasenegal-us.org

http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/index.php" @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

major transit point on the cocaine route from South America to Europe; the third-largest cannabis-producing country in West Africa

" + "text": "

a transit point on the cocaine route from South America to Europe; large production of cannabis in southern Casamance region; the high domestic use of cannabis, crack cocaine and to a lesser extent heroin

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index f7dbe0aa..b7c6da23 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -576,13 +576,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by a district block proportional representation vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" + "text": "last held on 7 March 2018 (next to be held on 24 June 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - APC 68, SLPP 49, C4C 8, other 7; composition - men 128, women 18, percent of women 12.3%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - APC 68, SLPP 49, C4C 8, other 7; composition as of May 2023 - men 127, women 19, percent of women 13%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 6bea6a98..e1ff940a 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "according to the August 2019 Constitutional Declaration, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) was to have served as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections could be held; as of March 2022, the TLC had not been established" + "text": "according to the August 2019 Constitutional Declaration, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) was to have served as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections could be held; as of June 2023, the TLC had not been established" }, "elections": { "text": "Council of State - last held 1 June 2015; subsequently dissolved in April 2019
National Assembly - last held on 13-15 April 2015; subsequently dissolved in April 2019
note – according to the 2019 Constitutional Declaration, elections for a new legislature are to be held in late 2023" @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ "note": "note: many defense expenditures are probably off-budget" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "estimates vary widely; up to 200,000 SAF personnel; the strength of the RSF ranges from a low of about 30,000 members to as many as 100,000; estimated 80,000 Central Reserve Police (2023)" + "text": "estimates vary widely; up to 200,000 SAF personnel; the strength of the RSF ranges from a low of about 30,000 to as many as 100,000 fighters; up to 80,000 Central Reserve Police (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet-era, and domestically produced weapons systems; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms provider; Sudan has one of the largest defense industries in Africa, which includes state-owned companies with military involvement; it mostly manufactures weapons systems under license from China, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine (2022)" @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ "text": "approximately 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (East African Community stabilization force)

Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the SAF is large, relatively well-equipped, and supported by militia and paramilitary forces, particularly the RSF; its primary focuses are internal security, border issues, and potential external threats from its neighbors; both the SAF and the RSF have some operational experience from internal security operations and Sudan’s years-long intervention in Yemen with the Saudi-led coalition; information on the organization of the SAF and the RSF varies; the Army is estimated to have more than 10 infantry divisions, as well as divisions of mechanized, armored, and airborne/special forces, and several independent infantry brigades; the RSF is a lightly-armed force reportedly organized into paramilitary brigades of varying size and makeup; the Air Force has several squadrons of Chinese- and Russian-origin combat  aircraft, as well as multiple squadrons of combat helicopters, also largely of Russian origin; the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol boats   

the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports

the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,800 personnel deployed as of early 2023

in addition, the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2023)" + "text": "

the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) is large and relatively well-equipped military; its primary focuses are internal security, border issues, and potential external threats from its neighbors; the SAF is often supported by militia and paramilitary forces, particularly the Rapid Support Forces (RSF); in the Spring of 2023, heavy fighting broke out between the SAF and the paramilitary RSF; both the SAF and the RSF have some operational experience from internal security operations and Sudan’s years-long intervention in Yemen with the Saudi-led coalition; information on the organization of the SAF and the RSF varies; the SAF Army is estimated to have more than 10 infantry divisions, as well as divisions of mechanized, armored, and airborne/special forces, and several independent infantry brigades; the SAF Air Force has several squadrons of Chinese- and Russian-origin combat  aircraft, as well as multiple squadrons of combat helicopters, also largely of Russian origin; the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol boats; the RSF is a lightly-armed ground force reportedly organized into brigades of varying size and makeup   

the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports

the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,800 personnel deployed as of early 2023

in addition, the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in December 2020; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in June 2021

the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in September 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ "text": "808,336 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 137,402 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,477 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,334 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 24,370 (Central African Republic) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "3.71 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2022)" + "text": "1.67 million (armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan since 15 April 2023) (2023)" } } } diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index a3918b9c..c3fead06 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 February 2020 (next to be held  February 2025); prime minister appointed by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 February 2020 (next to be held 2025); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "

2020: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 70.8%, Agbeyome KODJO (MPDD) 19.5%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 4.7%, other 5%

2015: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 58.8%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 35.2%, Tchaboure GOGUE (ADDI) 4%, other 2%

 

" @@ -589,13 +589,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); party lists are required to contain equal numbers of men and women" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 20 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 6, NET 3, MPDD 3, other 2, independent 18; composition - men 74, women 17, percent of women 18.7%" + "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 7, NET 3, MPDD 2, MRC 1, PDP 1, independent 18; composition - men 76, women 15, percent of women 16.5%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]
Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]
Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]
National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]
Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]
Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO]
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]
The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]
Union of Forces for Change or UFC [N/A]
Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]" + "text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]
Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]
Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]
National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]
Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]
Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO]
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]
The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]
Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Dr. Gilchrist Sylvanus OLYMPIO]
Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 291a76c1..62a58cd3 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -592,16 +592,16 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "675 Third Avenue, Suite 1807, New York, NY 10017" + "text": "122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604
New York, NY 101168" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (212) 651-8116" + "text": "[1] (212) 317-0533" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (212) 651-8117" + "text": "[1] (212) 317-0580" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
rdstppmun@gmail.com" + "text": "
stp1@attglobal.net

Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (reportedly not enforced); 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats (2022)" + "text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in the territorial and offshore waters of Sao Tome and Principe in 2022; the offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"" diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index af312bd0..d8452e59 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -647,13 +647,13 @@ "text": "1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 884-1080, [1] (202) 939-6125, [1] (202) 939-6127" + "text": "[1] (202) 884-1080" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 797-7408" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
ubalozi@tanzaniaembassy-us.org

https://tanzaniaembassy-us.org/" + "text": "
ubalozi@tanzaniaembassy-us.org

https://us.tzembassy.go.tz/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1284,11 +1284,11 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "126,493 (Burundi), 82,220 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)" + "text": "126,614 (Burundi), 82,612 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

significant transit country for illicit drugs in East Africa; international drug-trafficking organizations and courier networks transit through Tanzania to smuggle heroin and methamphetamine from Southwest Asia; produces cannabis products and khat for domestic consumption and regional and international distribution; traffickers influence politicians, law enforcement, and others in positions of power with money

(2021)" + "text": "

significant transit country for illicit drugs in East Africa; international drug trafficking organizations and courier networks transit illicit drugs through mainland Tanzania to markets in Europe and North America; cultivates cannabis and khat for domestic consumption and regional and international distribution; domestic drug use continues increasing including methamphetamine use

(2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index e6eb144a..071d152f 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ "text": "several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2017" + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ "text": "Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]
Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT]
Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]
National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]
National Unity Platform [Robert Kyagulanyi SSENTAMU, known as Bobi WINE]
People's Progressive Party or PPP [Jaberi Bidandi SSALI]
Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]

note: only parties with seats in Parliament listed" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OHCHR, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAIDS, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNDESA, UNDP, UNDSS, UNFCCC, UNFPA, UNDRR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNODC, UNOPS, UNSOM, UNV,  UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 726-1727" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington@mofa.go.ug; info@ugandaembassysus.org; ambauganda@aol.com

https://washington.mofa.go.ug/" + "text": "
washington@mofa.go.ug; info@ugandaembassyus.org

https://washington.mofa.go.ug/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "868,930 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 487,044 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 69,992 (Somalia), 41,252 (Burundi), 31,424 (Eritrea), 23,299 (Rwanda), 6,689 (Ethiopia) (2023)" + "text": "875,848 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 487,201 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 69,533 (Somalia), 41,382 (Burundi), 31,424 (Eritrea), 23,299 (Rwanda), 6,689 (Ethiopia) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "67,000 (2022)" diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 448b510a..b8289e50 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Mossi 52%, Fulani 8.4%, Gurma 7%, Bobo 4.9%, Gurunsi 4.6%, Senufo 4.5%, Bissa 3.7%, Lobi 2.4%, Dagara 2.4%, Tuareg/Bella 1.9%, Dioula 0.8%, unspecified/no answer 0.3%, other 7.2% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Mossi 52%, Fulani (Peuhl) 8.4%, Gurma 7%, Bobo 4.9%, Gurunsi 4.6%, Senufo 4.5%, Bissa 3.7%, Lobi 2.4%, Dagara 2.4%, Tuareg/Bella 1.9%, Dioula 0.8%, unspecified/no answer 0.3%, other 7.2% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Mossi 52.9%, Fula 7.8%, Gourmantche 6.8%, Dyula 5.7%, Bissa 3.3%, Gurunsi 3.2%, French (official) 2.2%, Bwamu 2%, Dagara 2%, San 1.7%, Marka 1.6%, Bobo 1.5%, Senufo 1.5%, Lobi 1.2%, other 6.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA from being an electoral candidate after the transition" + "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring the transitional president from being an electoral candidate after the transition" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended several times" @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly; note - on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA from being an electoral candidate after the transition." + "text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held by July 2024); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly" }, "election results": { "text": "2020: Roch Marc Christian KABORE reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 57.9%, Eddie KOMBOIGO (CDP) 15.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC)12.5%, other 14.1%

2015: Roch Marc Christian KABORE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 53.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC) 29.6%, Tahirou BARRY (PAREN) 3.1%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA (UNIR-MS) 2.8%, other 10.9%" @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" + "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held by July 2024)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - MPP 34.6%, CDP 13.3%, UPC 10.2%, NTD 5.6%, other 36.3%; seats by party - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12, other 26; composition as of October 2021 - men 119, women 8, percent of women 6.3%" @@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ "note": "note: Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FABF has a history of interference in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since its formation in 1960-61, including the most recent in September of 2022; several combat units were disbanded in 2011 following mutinies; while the FABF is responsible for external defense, it has an internal security role and can be called out to assist internal security forces in restoring public order, combating crime, securing the border, and counterterrorism; indeed, for more than a decade, its focus has largely been combatting terrorism, and it is actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; the FABF is struggling to contain the groups, however, and a large portion of the country—40% by some estimates—is not under government control

in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operates in the eastern part of the country

the Army’s combat forces include a mix of about 8 small (battalion-sized) infantry and combined arms regiments, plus battalions of artillery and special forces historically deployed in 3 military regions; in November 2022, the military government announced it was creating 6 rapid reaction battalions (bataillon de réaction rapide or BIR), expanding the number of military regions to 6, and establishing 6 Gendarmerie “legions”; currently, the Gendarmerie has approximately 8 mobile squadrons stationed across 3 regions; in addition to its counterterrorism missions, the Gendarmerie’s Special Legion fights organized crime and provides security for high-level officials and government institutions; the Air Force’s primary mission is providing support to the Army; it has small numbers of combat aircraft, combat helicopters, and armed UAVs acquired from Turkey (2023)" + "text": "the FABF has a history of interference in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since its formation in 1960-61, including the most recent in September of 2022; several combat units were disbanded in 2011 following mutinies; while the FABF is responsible for external defense, it has an internal security role and can be called out to assist internal security forces in restoring public order, combating crime, securing the border, and counterterrorism; indeed, for more than a decade, its focus has largely been combatting terrorism, and it is actively engaged in combat operations to counter terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; the FABF is struggling to contain the groups, however, and a large portion of the country—40% by some estimates—is not under government control

in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups taht act as al-Qa'ida in the Land of the Islamic Magreb's (AQIM) arm in the Sahel, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operates in the eastern part of the country

the Army’s combat forces include a mix of about 8 small (battalion-sized) infantry and combined arms regiments, plus battalions of artillery and special forces historically deployed in 3 military regions; in November 2022, the military government announced it was creating 6 rapid reaction battalions (bataillon de réaction rapide or BIR), expanding the number of military regions to 6, and establishing 6 Gendarmerie “legions”; currently, the Gendarmerie has approximately 8 mobile squadrons stationed across 3 regions; in addition to its counterterrorism missions, the Gendarmerie’s Special Legion fights organized crime and provides security for high-level officials and government institutions; the Air Force’s primary mission is providing support to the Army; it has small numbers of combat aircraft, combat helicopters, and armed UAVs acquired from Turkey (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index 1e6f6b47..e2df1255 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Autonomy for Eswatini was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. A new constitution came into effect in 2006, which included provisions for a more independent parliament and judiciary, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear. King MSWATI III renamed the country from Swaziland to Eswatini in April 2018. Despite its classification as a lower-middle income country, Eswatini suffers from severe poverty and high unemployment. Eswatini has the world's highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate, although recent years have shown marked declines in new infections.

 

 

 

 

" + "text": "

A Swazi kingdom was founded in the mid-18th century and ruled by a series of kings including MSWATI II, a 19th century ruler whose appellation was adopted to become the name of the country and its predominant ethnic group. The kingdom’s modern borders were defined by European countries during the late-19th century and Swaziland (as it became known) was administered as a UK high commission territory from 1903 until its independence in 1968. A new constitution came into effect in 2006, which included provisions for a more independent parliament and judiciary, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear, and the kingdom is still considered an absolute monarchy. King MSWATI III renamed the country from Swaziland to Eswatini in 2018 to reflect the name most commonly used by its citizens. In 2021, MSWATI III used security forces to suppress prodemocracy protests and established a national dialogue on political reforms. Despite its classification as a lower-middle income country, Eswatini suffers from severe poverty, corruption, and high unemployment. Eswatini has the world's highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate, although recent years have shown marked declines in new infections. Eswatini is the only country in Africa that recognizes Taiwan.

 

 

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "text": "English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)" }, "Religions": { - "text": "Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)" + "text": "Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and traditional African religions - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other Christian 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Eswatini, a small, predominantly rural, landlocked country surrounded by South Africa and Mozambique, suffers from severe poverty and the world’s highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate. A weak and deteriorating economy, high unemployment, rapid population growth, and an uneven distribution of resources all combine to worsen already persistent poverty and food insecurity, especially in rural areas. Erratic weather (frequent droughts and intermittent heavy rains and flooding), overuse of small plots, the overgrazing of cattle, and outdated agricultural practices reduce crop yields and further degrade the environment, exacerbating Eswatini's poverty and subsistence problems. Eswatini's extremely high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate – nearly 28% of adults have the disease – compounds these issues. Agricultural production has declined due to HIV/AIDS, as the illness causes households to lose manpower and to sell livestock and other assets to pay for medicine and funerals.

Swazis, mainly men from the country’s rural south, have been migrating to South Africa to work in coal, and later gold, mines since the late 19th century. Although the number of miners abroad has never been high in absolute terms because of Eswatini's small population, the outflow has had important social and economic repercussions. The peak of mining employment in South Africa occurred during the 1980s. Cross-border movement has accelerated since the 1990s, as increasing unemployment has pushed more Swazis to look for work in South Africa (creating a \"brain drain\" in the health and educational sectors); southern Swazi men have continued to pursue mining, although the industry has downsized. Women now make up an increasing share of migrants and dominate cross-border trading in handicrafts, using the proceeds to purchase goods back in Eswatini. Much of today’s migration, however, is not work-related but focuses on visits to family and friends, tourism, and shopping.

" @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 234-8254" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
embassy@swaziland-usa.com; swaziland@compuserve.com" + "text": "
embassy@eswatini-usa.com; swaziland@compuserve.com" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ "text": "approximately 3,000 active duty personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the UEDF is lightly armed with mostly South African equipment (2022)" + "text": "the UEDF is lightly armed with mostly older equipment from Europe, South Africa, and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 1234438c..e11733af 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 12 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "

2021: Hakainde HICHILEMA elected president; percent of the vote -   Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 57.9%, Edgar LUNGU (PF) 37.3%, other 4.8%

2016: Edgar LUNGU re-elected president; percent of vote - Edgar LUNGU (PF) 50.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 47.6%, other 2%

 

" + "text": "

2021: Hakainde HICHILEMA elected president; percent of the vote -   Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 57.9%, Edgar LUNGU (PF) 37.3%, other 4.8%

2016: Edgar LUNGU re-elected president; percent of vote - Edgar LUNGU (PF) 50.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 47.6%, other 2%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 98e02c6f..03f8330b 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ "text": "each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership" }, "election results": { - "text": "

2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%

2013: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns

 

" + "text": "

2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%

2013: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 2 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)

National Assembly (270 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "

Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)

 

" + "text": "

Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)

" }, "election results": { "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 34, MDC Alliance 25, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2, MDC-T 1; composition - men 45, women 35, percent of women 43.8%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 179, MDC Alliance 88, MDC-T 1, NPF 1, independent 1; composition - men 184, women 81, percent of women 31.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%

" @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021);" + "text": "Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" @@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (18-24 for officer cadets; 18-30 for technical/specialist personnel); no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "ZDF’s primary responsibilities are protecting the country’s sovereignty and territory and securing its borders; it also has a considerable role in domestic security and has continued to be active in the country’s politics since the 2017 coup; the ZDF is part of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force and has provided troops to the SADC deployment to Mozambique; Zimbabwe has defense ties with China and Russia; the Army has approximately 5 light infantry brigades, plus brigades of mechanized infantry, presidential guards, special operations, and artillery; the Air Force has a few dozen operational Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters 

the ZDF was formed after independence from the former Rhodesian Army and the two guerrilla forces that opposed it during the Rhodesian Civil War (aka \"Bush War\") of the 1970s, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA); the ZDF intervened in the Mozambique Civil War (1983-1992), the Democratic Republic of Congo during the Second Congo War (1998-2003), and the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) during the late 1990s (2023)" + "text": "ZDF’s primary responsibilities are protecting the country’s sovereignty and territory and securing its borders; it also has a considerable role in domestic security and has continued to be active in the country’s politics since the 2017 military-assisted political transition; the ZDF is part of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force and has provided troops to the SADC deployment to Mozambique; Zimbabwe has defense ties with China and Russia; the Army has approximately 5 light infantry brigades, plus brigades of mechanized infantry, presidential guards, special operations, and artillery; the Air Force has a few dozen operational Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters 

the ZDF was formed after independence from the former Rhodesian Army and the two guerrilla forces that opposed it during the Rhodesian Civil War (aka \"Bush War\") of the 1970s, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA); the ZDF intervened in the Mozambique Civil War (1983-1992), the Democratic Republic of Congo during the Second Congo War (1998-2003), and the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) during the late 1990s (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 3d361854..b7e48e7d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Kevin Michael RUDD (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 (new chancery building under construction; formal opening scheduled for late 2023)
temporary location: 1145 17th St NW, Washington DC, 20036-4707" + "text": "temporary location: 1145 17th St NW, Washington DC, 20036-4707

note - new chancery building under construction at 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036; formal opening scheduled for late 2023" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 797-3000" @@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines" + "text": "

 amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and cannabis dominate the domestic illicit drug market and shown potential for expansion, with ATS accounting for the preponderance of detected imports; domestic heroin market is small, but also shown some growth; as of 2020, Malaysia was the primary embarkation point for heroin and ATS imports other than MDMA (ecstasy) for which South Korea was the primary embarkation point although MDMA is increasingly being produced domestically with number of detected labs nearly doubled.  The US is the principal embarkation point for imported cannabis; Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 399ae8fd..9fd077a4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ "text": "685 Third Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10017" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (212) 599-6192; [1] (212) 599-6193" + "text": "[1] (212) 599-6192" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (212) 661-8925" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index ef1c811a..81e19b05 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ "text": "1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 466-8320" + "text": "[1] (917) 208-4560" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 466-8325" @@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ "text": "approximately 4,000 active personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2022)" + "text": "the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2022)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index ed79342d..19d0197e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Dominique SORAIN (since 10 July 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President of French Polynesia Edouard FRITCH (since 12 September 2014)" + "text": "President of French Polynesia Moetai BROTHERSON Edouard FRITCH (since 12 May 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers approved by the Assembly from a list of its members submitted by the president" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index c03297e0..f004c44d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "text": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia" }, "Dependency status": { - "text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" + "text": "non-self-governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" }, "Capital": { "name": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 080fdab8..677728f5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Territorial Congress or Congrès du Territoire (54 seats; members indirectly selected proportionally by the partisan makeup of the 3 Provincial Assemblies or Assemblés Provinciales; members of the 3 Provincial Assemblies directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, the indigenous population, which rules on laws affecting the indigenous population
New Caledonia indirectly elects 2 members to the French Senate by an electoral colleges for a 6-year term with one seat renewed every 3 years and directly elects 2 members to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)
French Senate - election last held in September 2019 (next to be held not later than 2021)
French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" + "text": "
Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)
French Senate - election last held in September 2019 (next to be held not later than 2021)
French National Assembly - election last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027)" }, "election results": { "text": "
Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party - Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26);
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2" @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Caledonia Together or CE [Philippe GOMES]
Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA]
Future With Confidence or AEC [Virginie RUFFENACH]
Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Victor TUTUGORO]
Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI]
National Union for Independence (Union Nationale pour l'Independance) or UNI [Louis MAPOU]
Oceanian Awakening [Milakulo TUKUMULI]
Party of Kanak Liberation (Parti de Liberation Kanak) or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]
Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Basile CITRE]
The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Christian JACOB]" + "text": "Caledonia Together or CE [Philippe GOMES]
Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA]
Future With Confidence or AEC [Virginie RUFFENACH]
Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Victor TUTUGORO]
Labor Party or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI]
National Union for Independence or UNI [Louis MAPOU]
Oceanian Awakening [Milakulo TUKUMULI]
Party of Kanak Liberation or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]
Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Basile CITRE]
The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Sonia BACKES]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WMO" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index 77596796..33380ee0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -551,17 +551,17 @@ "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Odo TEVI (since 8 September 2017)
note - also Permanent Representative to the UN" }, + "chancery": { + "text": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017" + }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (212) 661-4303" + "text": "[1] (212) 661-4323" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (212) 422-3427" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "email - vanunmis@aol.com
web address - https://www.un.int/vanuatu/" - }, - "embassy": { - "text": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017" + "text": "
vanunmis@aol.com

https://www.un.int/vanuatu/" }, "note": "note - the Vanuatu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the embassy" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index f6aa74e3..790a335c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. elected president (in second round); percent of vote - Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. (independent) 56.7%, Raynold OILUCH (independent) 43.3%" + "text": "

2020: Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. elected president (in second round); percent of vote - Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. (independent) 56.7%, Raynold OILUCH (independent) 43.3%

2016: Tommy REMENGESAU reelected president; percent of vote - Tommy REMENGESAU (independent) 51.3%, Surangel WHIPPS, Jr.(independent) 48.7%; Antonio BELLS elected vice president

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 4d827ceb..dc608032 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -539,6 +539,9 @@ "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador (vacant)
note - also Permanent Representative to UN; Tapugao FALEFOU presented his credentials to the Secretary General of the UN on 30 December 2022, but has not presented his credentials for Ambassador to the US as of 1 June 2023" }, + "chancery": { + "text": "685 Third Avenue, Suite 1104, New York, NY 10017" + }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (212) 490-0534" }, @@ -546,10 +549,7 @@ "text": "[1] (212) 808-4975" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "email - tuvalumission.un@gmail.com
web address - https://www.un.int/tuvalu/about" - }, - "embassy": { - "text": "685 Third Avenue, Suite 1104, New York, NY 10017" + "text": "
tuvalumission.un@gmail.com

https://www.un.int/tuvalu/about" }, "note": "note - the Tuvalu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the Embassy" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index ba8c8ee6..9a44c568 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ "text": "[1] (212) 599-0797" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
samoanymission@outlook.com

https://www.un.int/samoa/samoa/embassy-independent-state-samoa-united-states-america" + "text": "
samoa@samoanymission.ws

https://www.un.int/samoa/samoa/embassy-independent-state-samoa-united-states-america" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Pago Pago (American Samoa)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index da7d3384..f7774a3a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

northbound transshipment point for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; Cocaine shipped to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe

" + "text": "

northbound transshipment point for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; cocaine shipped to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 2b99b480..26d32906 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ "text": "18-23 years of age for voluntary military service for both men and women; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2022)" + "text": "the ABDF’s responsibilities include providing for internal security and support to the police in maintaining law and order, interdicting narcotics smuggling, responding to natural disasters, and monitoring the country’s territorial waters and maritime resources; established in 1981 from colonial forces originally created in 1897, it is one of the world’s smallest militaries

the country has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 96987a8e..cf532f2c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ "text": "voluntary service only (men and women); 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizens of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Barbados has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security; the RSS is headquartered in Barbados (2023)" + "text": "formed in 1979, the Barbados Defense Force is responsible for protecting national security, but it may also be called up to maintain public order in times of crisis, emergency, or other specific needs, such as special joint patrols with the police; the Barbados Regiment traces its roots back to 1640 when the first units of the Barbados Militia were raised for defense purposes

Barbados has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security; the RSS is headquartered in Barbados (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@ "text": "

Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary): Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea.  The dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks. 

Barbados-Trinidad and Tobago (Maritime Boundary): Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone.

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index f51b6216..4d8b5039 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ "text": "

The Bahamas-US (Maritime Boundary): In declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation, The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors, The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation.  However, The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors, including the United States, whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island.

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a significant transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; illicit production of marijuana continues

" + "text": "

a transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; small scale illicit production of marijuana continues

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 0a38c11d..b14322b7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient, but conscription has never been implemented; initial service obligation is 12 years (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the BDF traces its history back to the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer force established in 1817; the BDF was established in 1978 from the disbanded Police Special Force and the Belize Volunteer Guard to assist the resident British forces with the defense of Belize against Guatemala

the British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence; the presence consists of a small training support unit that provides jungle training to troops from the UK and international partners

(2023)" + "text": "

the Belize Defense Force (BDF) is responsible for external security but also provides some support to civilian authorities; it has limited powers of arrest within land and shoreline areas, while the Coast Guard has arrest powers and jurisdiction within coastal and maritime areas; the BDF traces its history back to the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer force established in 1817; the BDF was established in 1978 from the disbanded Police Special Force and the Belize Volunteer Guard to assist the resident British forces with the defense of Belize against Guatemala

the British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence; the presence consists of a small training support unit that provides jungle training to troops from the UK and international partners

(2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ "text": "

Belize-Guatemala: Demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory.  Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory. Smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking for sexual exploitation and debt bondage are all problems. Belize lacks resources to detect and extradite impoverished Guatemalan peasants squatting in Belizean rain forests in the remote border areas. At present, Belize and Honduras 12-nm territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique. Maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation.

Belize-Honduras: Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum.

Belize-Mexico: Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty. Transshipment of illegal narcotics, smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, and the growing of marijuana in very low population areas are all issues in the region today.

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit country for illegal drugs, mainly cocaine, originating from countries in South America; low domestic drug consumption problem outside of recreational cannabis

" + "text": "

a significant drug trafficking and transit point between countries in South America and the United States; primary domestic use of narcotics is marijuana and some crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index cad2396f..42f36fe7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ "text": "2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 499-2984" + "text": "[1] (202) 499-2980" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 265-4795" @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

significant transit country for drugs entering the United States; a growing drug consumption problem; drugs warehoused in Costa Rica end up in the local market where criminal organizations use cocaine as payment for services. 

 

" + "text": "

Costa Rica remains a significant transshipment point for cocaine enroute to the United States from South America; a key transit point in international narcotics trafficking; transit and warehousing hub for illicit drug trafficking; growing domestic drug consumption problem; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index c1bef1e3..0c66feed 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara" + "text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana (Havana), Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara" }, "Independence": { "text": "20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence" @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ "text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; conscripts serve for 24 months (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, transportation, and tourism (2023)" + "text": "the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) are a central pillar of the Cuban regime and viewed as the guardian of the Cuban revolution; it has a large role in the country’s politics and economy; many senior government posts are held by military officers, and a FAR-controlled umbrella enterprise known as the Armed Forces Business Group (Grupo de Administración Empresarial or GAESA) has interests in banking and finance, construction, import/export, ports, real estate, retail, shipping, transportation, and tourism

the FAR is largely focused on protecting territorial integrity and the state, and perceives the US as its primary threat; the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent end of Soviet military aid had far-reaching consequences for the FAR, transforming it from one of the largest and most capable militaries in the region, as well as one that was heavily involved in foreign missions during the Cold War, particularly in Africa, into a much smaller, home-based and defensive force with limited capabilities; the Army, once over 200,000 strong, but now estimated to have about 40,000 troops, is a conscript-based force armed with Soviet-era weapons and equipment and reportedly organized into 3 regional commands or armies, each with an undetermined number of divisional headquarters and brigades of artillery, light infantry, mechanized infantry, and tanks; the Army also has a special forces brigade, an airborne brigade, and a security brigade that faces the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay; the Navy once boasted several Soviet-made frigates and attack submarines but now maintains a small combat force of aging coastal patrol and mine warfare craft, as well as a midget attack submarine; its largest vessels are two former fishing trawlers that were converted into warships in the late 1970s; the Border Guards also have patrol vessels; the Air Defense force has surface-to-air missiles and hundreds of air defense artillery guns, while the Air Force has a few dozen operational Soviet-era fighter aircraft attack helicopters (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

Cuba is not a major consumer, producer, or transit point of illicit drugs; strict policing on smuggling, production and consumption; prescription drug abuse is increasing

" + "text": "

Cuba is not a major consumer, producer, or transshipment point for illicit drugs; domestic production and consumption curbed by aggressive policing; prescription drug abuse remains low

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index df62b09a..89acc976 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Judith-Anne ROLLE (since 16 December 2021)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016" + "text": "1701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20006" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 364-6781" @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 364-6791" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "mail.embdomdc@gmail.com" + "text": "mail.embdomdc@gmail.com; 

embdomdc@gmail.com" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ "text": "

Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 0d816b6b..27a4d3a6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2021, women made up approximately 20% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military is primarily focused on countering illegal immigration and refugees along its 350-kilometer-long border with Haiti and interdicting air and maritime narcotics trafficking, as well as disaster relief (2023)" + "text": "the military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of the Dominican Republic; it also has an internal security role, which includes assisting with airport, border, port, tourism, and urban security, supporting the police in maintaining or restoring public order, countering transnational crime, and providing disaster or emergency relief/management; a key area of focus is securing the country’s 217-mile (350-kilometer) long border with Haiti; the Army in recent years, for example, has assigned 3 of its 6 infantry brigades and some 10-12,000 troops to assist with security along the Haitian border; these forces complement the approximately 700 troops of the Border Security Corps permanently deployed along the border; the Air Force and Navy also provide support to the Haitian border mission; the Army has a brigade dedicated to managing and providing relief during natural disasters; the military also contributes personnel to the National Drug Control Directorate, and both the Air Force and Navy devote assets to detecting and interdicting narcotics trafficking; the Navy conducts regular bilateral maritime interdiction exercises with the US Navy (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a major transshipment point for cocaine transiting through the Caribbean" + "text": "

major transshipment point for cocaine shipments to the United States and Europe in the Caribbean; some drugs are consumed locally.

 

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 92e95249..ccc39289 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -543,10 +543,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Felix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Félix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Felix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019)" + "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Félix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president" @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 232-3763" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
correo@elsalvador.org" + "text": "infoEEUU@rree.gob.sv" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Brentwood (NY), Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Las Vegas (NV), Loreado (TX), Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), New York, San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco, Tucson (AZ), Washington (DC), Woodbridge (VA)" @@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ "text": "175 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the National Civilian Police (Ministry of Justice and Public Security) is responsible for maintaining public security, while the Ministry of Defense is responsible for maintaining national security; the constitution separates public security and military functions, but allows the president to use the armed forces in exceptional circumstances to maintain internal peace and public security; in November 2019, President BUKELE signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; as of 2023, a considerable portion of the Army was deployed in support of the National Police (2023)" + "text": "the Armed Force of El Salvador (FAES) is responsible for defending national sovereignty and ensuring territorial integrity but also has considerable domestic security responsibilities; while the National Civil Police (PNC) is responsible for maintaining public security, the country’s constitution allows the president to use the FAES “in exceptional circumstances” to maintain internal peace and public security; in 2016, the government created a special 1,000-strong joint unit of Army commandos and police to fight criminal gangs; more military personnel were devoted to internal security beginning in 2019 when President BUKELE signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat rising gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; since the decree, a considerable portion of the Army has been deployed in support of the PNC; in late 2022 for example, more than 8,000 troops were deployed alongside some 2,000 police to a town on the outskirts of the capital to search for criminal gang members 

the FAES trains regularly, as well as with regional partners and the US, in such areas as internal security and disaster relief operations; it has deployed small numbers of personnel on UN peacekeeping missions and in support of military operations in Iraq (2003-2009); the FAES is deployed throughout the country in zones; the Army’s combat units are 6 infantry brigades, plus a special security brigade comprised of border guards and military police, and an artillery brigade; the Navy operates about 10 patrol boats and has a small force of naval commandos; the Air Force has a few dozen light ground attack fixed-wing aircraft and multirole helicopters

the military led the country for much of the 20th century; from 1980 to 1992, it fought a bloody civil war against guerrillas from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front or FMLN, the paramilitary arm of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (Frente Democrático Revolucionario), a coalition of left-wing dissident political groups backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union; the FAES received considerable US support during the conflict; significant human rights violations occurred during the war and approximately 75,000 Salvadorans, mostly civilians, were killed (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States  

" + "text": "

a transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States;  a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index c273ab3b..987a18d5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ "text": "

none

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 20edb6fd..937ef076 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active military personnel (18,000 Land Forces; 1,000 Naval Forces; 1,000 Air Forces); approximately 30,000 National Civil Police (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is small and mostly comprised of older US equipment; in recent years, Guatemala has received small amounts of equipment from several countries, including the US (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is limited and mostly comprised of older US equipment; in recent years, Guatemala has received small amounts of equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Spain, and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are eligible for military service; in practice, most of the force is volunteer, however, a selective draft system is employed, resulting in a small portion of 17-21 year-olds being conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 12-24 months; women may volunteer (2023)", @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ "text": "155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the Army to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking 

the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2023)" + "text": "the military is responsible for maintaining sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the honor of Guatemala, but has long focused on internal security; since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the military extensively to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking; in recent years, however, the military has moved to refocus on border security and preparing for conventional operations; it participates in UN missions on a small scale and has a peacekeeping operations training command that offers training to regional countries; the military has security ties with regional partners such as Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, and Honduras; cooperation with El Salvador and Honduras has included a combined police-military anti-gang task force to patrol border areas; it also has ties with the US, including joint training exercises and material assistance

the Land Forces are organized into approximately 15 small combat brigades, nearly half of which are infantry; the remainder include brigades of marines, military police, paratroopers, presidential guards, and special forces, including some specialized for jungle and mountain operations that were created to assist in combating crime; the Naval Force has commands for both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts, operates a small flotilla of patrol boats, and has a special forces element; the Air Force has a few light fixed-wing ground attack aircraft and multipurpose helicopters; for its internal security missions and supporting the police, the military has typically organized into task forces

the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a major transit country for illegal drugs destined for the United States with increasing cultivation originating from Guatemala; farmers  cultivate opium poppy and cannabis" + "text": "

a major transit country for illegal drugs; illicit cultivation of opium poppies, marijuana, and coca plants in rural areas; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index a6092d1b..d4c57ced 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ "text": "not available" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "according to the Haitian Government, the mission of the reconstituted armed forces will focus on patrolling the border with the Dominican Republic, combating smuggling, and executing recovery efforts after natural disasters

the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) operated in Haiti from 2004 until 2017; its mission was to help restore stability after President Bertrand ARISTIDE fled the country, including assisting with the political process, strengthening government institutions, and promoting and protecting human rights; following the completion of MINUSTAH’s mandate in 2017, a smaller peacekeeping mission, the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH), operated until 2019; its mission was to assist with the further development and strengthening of the national police, as well as Haiti’s justice and prison systems, and to promote and protect human rights; in 2019, the UN established the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) with the political mission of advising the Haiti Government in elections, governance, and security; BINUH's current mandate last until July 2023 (2023)" + "text": "Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of much of the capital Port-au-Prince since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021; in 2023, an estimated 200 armed gangs were operating in Haiti

the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) operated in Haiti from 2004 until 2017; its mission was to help restore stability after President Bertrand ARISTIDE fled the country, including assisting with the political process, strengthening government institutions, and promoting and protecting human rights; following the completion of MINUSTAH’s mandate in 2017, a smaller peacekeeping mission, the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH), operated until 2019; its mission was to assist with the further development and strengthening of the national police, as well as Haiti’s justice and prison systems, and to promote and protect human rights; in 2019, the UN established the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) with the political mission of advising the Haiti Government in elections, governance, and security; BINUH's current mandate last until July 2023 (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported one incident in the territorial waters of Haiti in 2022, a decrease from the four attacks in 2021; ports in Haiti continue to be affected by the crime of armed robbery; most of these occurred in the main port of Port-au-Prince while ships were berthed or at anchor" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 0f2d7716..4ace330c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -545,10 +545,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; CASTRO is Honduras' first female president" + "text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIÉRREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; CASTRO is Honduras' first female president" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022)" + "text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIÉRREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by president" @@ -1209,11 +1209,14 @@ "text": "approximately 16,000 active personnel (7,500 Army; 1,500 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 2,000 Air Force; 5,000 Military Police of Public Order); approximately 18,000 National Police (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; in recent years, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Israel, and the Netherlands (2022)" + "text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; in recent years, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia and Israel (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service (men and women); no conscription (2022)", "note": "note: as of 2017, women made up over 4% of the active duty military" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) are responsible for maintaining the country’s territory, defending its sovereignty, providing emergency/humanitarian assistance, and supporting the National Police (HNP); the FFAA’s primary focus is internal and border security, and since 2011 a considerable portion of it has been deployed to support the HNP in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; military support to domestic security included the creation of the Military Police of Public Order (PMOP) in 2013 to provide security in areas controlled by street gangs to combat crime and make arrests; the PMOP also has sent personnel to reinforce security operations along the country’s border as part of a tri-national security task force with El Salvador and Guatemala; the FFAA has received military equipment, training, humanitarian, and technical assistance from the US military; the US military maintains a joint service task force co-located with the FFAA at Soto Cano Air Base

the Army’s combat forces include 5 infantry brigades, a special operations group, and approximately 8 military police battalions; the Navy is a small force focused on coastal and riverine security that operates an ocean-going patrol vessel acquired in 2019 and supported by flotillas of small coastal and riverine patrol boats, as well as a small naval infantry force; the Air Force has a handful of older US-made jet fighters and light ground attack aircraft  (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1226,7 +1229,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

transshipment point for cocaine destined for the United States and precursor chemicals used to produce illicit drugs; some experimental coca cultivation

" + "text": "

transshipment point for cocaine destined for the United States and precursor chemicals used to produce illicit drugs; some small-scale coca cultivation

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index e5d24380..9b907669 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 452-0036" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
firstsec@jamaicaembassy.org

http://www.embassyofjamaica.org/" + "text": "
contactus@jamaicaembassy.org

https://www.embassyofjamaica.org/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Miami, New York" @@ -1160,13 +1160,13 @@ "text": "approximately 4,000 personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the JDF is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring equipment mostly from Europe and the US (2022)" + "text": "the JDF is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring equipment mostly from Europe and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "no conscription; 18-23 for voluntary military service (17 with parental consent); 18-28 for the reserves; since 2017, the JDF's standard mode of recruitment is to enroll recruits ages 18-23 through the Jamaica National Service Corps (JNSC); in the JNSC, soldiers receive basic military, vocational, and life skills training; upon completion of 12 months of service, soldiers can continue on with the JDF or seek other opportunities with other government agencies (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the JDF’s primary missions are border, internal, and maritime security, including support to police operations in combating crime and violence (2023)" + "text": "in addition to its responsibility of defending against external aggression, the JDF's primary missions are border, internal, and maritime security, including support to police operations in combating crime and violence; other missions include search and rescue, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and peacekeeping; it has arrest authority and partners with the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF); both the JDF and JCF are under the Ministry of National Security, which directs policy for the security forces; the JDF participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, including with the militaries of Canada, the UK, the US, and other Caribbean nations 

while Jamaica had a militia force as early as the 1660s, the JDF was constituted in 1962 from the West India Regiment (WIR), a British colonial regiment which dates back to 1795; troops for the WIR were recruited from freed slaves from North America, slaves purchased in the West Indies, and slaves from Africa bought off slave ships (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ "text": "

none identified

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "the largest Caribbean source of marijuana which is trafficked to other Caribbean countries for illegal weapons and other contraband; transit point for cocaine trafficked from South America to North America and other international markets" + "text": "

Jamaica is the largest Caribbean source of marijuana and a transit point for cocaine trafficked from South America to North America and other international markets; criminal gangs in Jamaica, Haiti, and Central America use marijuana for currency to obtain guns or other contraband from criminal entities in Haiti and Central America

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index fe3b7b9d..c9bcae9f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -582,11 +582,14 @@ "text": "1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 939-6570; [1] (202) 939-6573" + "text": "[1] (202) 939-6570" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 939-6545" }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "
mperalta@cancilleria.gob.ni" + }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco" } @@ -1177,7 +1180,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2023)" + "text": "the military is responsible for defending Nicaragua’s independence, sovereignty, and territory, but also has some domestic security responsibilities; key tasks include border security, assisting the police, protecting natural resources, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian assistance; it has ties with the militaries of Cuba, Venezuela, and Russia; Russia has provided training support and equipment 

the military’s Land Forces have a mechanized brigade and approximately 8 regional commands or detachments, each with 1 or more light infantry battalions; there is also a small special operations command; the Naval Forces operate patrol boats and have a naval infantry battalion; the Air Forces do not possess any combat aircraft 

the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1193,7 +1196,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit route for drug traffickers smuggling cocaine from South America through Mexico into the United States via maritime and air routes

" + "text": "

transit route for illicit drugs originating from South America destined for the United States

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 0c8d08b1..f65e5ba0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Ramón Eduardo MARTÍNEZ DE LA GUARDIA (since 16 September 2022)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20007" + "text": "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 483-1407" @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a prime sea and land passage for drugs, primarily cocaine from Colombia, from South America to North America and Europe; traffickers ship drugs in containers passing through the Panama Canal to  North America and Europe

 

" + "text": "

not a major consumer or producer of illicit drugs; a prime sea and land passage for drugs, primarily cocaine, from South America to North America and Europe;   drug traffickers also use millions of shipping containers to smuggle drugs to North America and Europe through the Panama

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index f8279fd1..c1837f2d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "text": "none identified" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe

" + "text": "

transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe.

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index dc2e5d2d..c83df1d5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 686-5740" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "info@embskn.com" + "text": "
stkittsnevis@embskn.com

Embassy of St.Kitts and Nevis to the USA – and Permanent Mission to the OAS (embassydc.gov.kn)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Los Angeles, New York" @@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ "text": "

Saint Kitts and Nevis-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index cb7295be..3b140743 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 1f5abec0..537acc0c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for illegal drugs destined for Europe, North America, and the rest of the Caribbean; drug trafficking organizations use proximity to Venezuela, porous borders, vulnerabilities at ports of entry, limited law enforcement capacity and resources, and law enforcement corruption to traffic illicit drugs;  marijuana the only locally-produced illicit drug

 

" + "text": "

a transit point for drugs destined for Europe, North America, and the rest of the Caribbean;  drug trafficking organizations use  the country’s proximity to Venezuela, its porous borders, vulnerabilities at ports of entry, a limited law enforcement capacity and resources, and corruption

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index ac9dd555..a773ebe9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

northbound transshipment points for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; cocaine is transported to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe

 

" + "text": "

northbound transshipment points for cocaine from Colombia and Venezuela; cocaine is transported to the United States, other Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index cff42aa3..02e57131 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -530,13 +530,13 @@ "text": "Ambassador Lou-Anne Gaylene GILCHRIST (since 18 January 2017)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "1627 K Street, NW, Suite 1202, Washington, DC 20006" + "text": "1627 K Street, NW, Suite 704, Washington, DC 20006" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 364-6730" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 364-6730" + "text": "[1] (202) 364-6736" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
mail@embsvg.com

http://wa.embassy.gov.vc/washington/" @@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ "text": "

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean

" + "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index 57082805..f4e7f401 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 449-8275" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg; kgconsulate.washington@mfa.gov.kg" + "text": "
kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg

Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a prime transshipment location; illegal drugs move from Afghanistan to Russia, and sometimes into Europe

 

" + "text": "

a prime transit route and transshipment route for illegal drugs transiting north from Afghanistan to Russia and Europe; illicit drugs are primarily smuggled into the country from Tajikistan

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 589c7c43..27cc28c2 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -1003,6 +1003,26 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "1" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "102.338 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1171,10 +1191,10 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "16,636 km (2020)" + "text": "16,636 km (2021)" }, "broad gauge": { - "text": "16,636 km (2020) 1.520-m gauge (4,237 km electrified)" + "text": "16,636 km (2021) 1.520-m gauge (4,237 km electrified)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -1253,7 +1273,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

synthetic drugs dominate the local illicit drug market, smuggled from Southeast Asia, China, Russia and Europe; however the number of domestic clandestine laboratories producing synthetic drugs continues to increase;  remains a transit country for Afghan heroin destined for Russia and Europe.

" + "text": "

part of the \"Northern Route,\" land drug trafficking route from Afghanistan to Russia and Europe; domestic manufacturing of synthetics increasing and domestic drug use trends to synthetic drugs outpacing heroin and cannabis;

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index d5c6ff90..8c51f505 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -1037,6 +1037,26 @@ "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "37 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "3" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "27.73GW (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "20.7% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "3.6% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "4" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "447.332 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1281,7 +1301,7 @@ "note": "note 1: in December 2022, the Russian Government announced a target level of 1.15 million total troops and subsequently announced further plans to expand the size of the armed forces to 1.5 million, but did not provide a timeline

note 2: Russia was estimated to have as many as 50,000 private military contractors fighting in Ukraine as of early 2023" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from several countries, including Czechia, France, Iran, Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2022)" + "text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from external suppliers; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory service for men; 18-40 for voluntary/contractual service; women and non-Russian citizens (18-30) may volunteer; men are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; 12-month service obligation (Russia offers the option of serving on a 24-month contract instead of completing a 12-month conscription period); reserve obligation for non-officers to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16 (2023)", @@ -1322,7 +1342,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a destination country for Afghan opium and heroin; a transit country for cocaine from South America, especially Ecuador to Europe, Belgium and Netherlands; synthetic drugs are produced in clandestine drug laboratories throughout the country; cannabis cultivated in Russian Far East and the North Caucasus; the majority of hashish is smuggled in from Northern Africa

" + "text": "

a destination country for heroin and other Afghan opiates; a transit country for cocaine from South America, especially Ecuador to Europe, Belgium and Netherlands; synthetic drugs are produced in clandestine drug laboratories throughout the country; marijuana cultivated in Russian Far East and the North Caucasus; the majority of hashish is smuggled in from Northern Africa

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index f0c0012b..f59cc070 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ "text": "1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 223-6090; [1] (202) 223-2666" + "text": "[1] (202) 223-6090" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 223-6091" @@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "Tajikistan is a major route for drug trafficking in Central Asia; opiates and cannabis travel from Afghanistan through Tajikistan to markets in Russia, Belarus, and Western and Central Europe" + "text": "

Tajikistan is a primary transit country along the “Northern Route” for Afghanistan-sourced opiates and cannabis for the Russian and Eastern European markets and beyond; minimal domestic recreational drug use though it is increasing

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index c4e0f1de..3505db2e 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

transit country for Afghan opiates to Turkish, Russian, and European markets, either directly from Afghanistan or through Iran; not a major producer or source country for illegal drugs or precursor chemicals

 

" + "text": "

transit country for Afghan opiates to Turkish, Russian, and European markets, either directly from Afghanistan or through Iran; not a major producer or source country for illegal drugs or precursor chemicals

 

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 826ede0c..c932c3fc 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Furqat SIDDIQOV (since 19 April 2023)" + "text": "Ambassador Furqat SIDIKOV (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

transit country for Afghan opium and heroin destined for Russia and the European Union; also transit country for hashish, cannabis products, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; cannabis and poppy are cultivated in small amounts for personal use and local sale

" + "text": "

a transit country for Afghan heroin, opium, and hashish destined to Kazakhstan, Russia, and Europe;  cannabis and opium poppy are grown domestically for personal use and sale

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index e04e908e..a24a56d6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021);note - the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency" + "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021); note - the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021)" @@ -642,13 +642,13 @@ "text": "2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 332-3344; [1] (202) 332-4250" + "text": "[1] (202) 332-3344; [1] (202) 332-4350" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 332-4351" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
pyi.thayar@verizon.net; washington-embassy@mofa.gov.mm

http://www.mewashingtondc.com/wordpress/" + "text": "
pyi.thayar@verizon.net; washington-embassy@mofa.gov.mm

http://www.mewashingtondc.org" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Los Angeles, New York" @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a major source of illicit methamphetamine and opiates; illicit import of precursor chemicals from China increased production and trafficking of synthetic drugs; second-largest opium poppy cultivator in Asia, with an estimated 20,200 hectares grown in 2019; “Yaba,” a tablet containing methamphetamine, caffeine, and other stimulants, is produced in Burma and trafficked regionally; ethnic armed organizations, military-affiliated militias, and transnational criminal organizations oversee billion dollar drug production and trafficking industry; drugs produced in Burma are trafficked beyond Southeast Asia to Australia, New Zealand, and Japan; not a major source or transit country for drugs entering the United States

 

(2021)" + "text": "

source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics; narcotics produced in Burma trafficked throughout the region, with routes extending beyond Southeast Asia to Australia, New Zealand, and Japan; second-largest opium poppy cultivator in Asia with an estimated 40,100 hectares grown in 2022; not a major source or transit country for drugs entering the United States; domestic consumption of synthetic drug cocktails such as “Happy Water” and “Wei Tiong” (mixtures of drugs including caffeine, methamphetamine, tramadol, and MDMA) popular among the younger population and domestic drug consumption  substantial and widespread.

 

 

(2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index bfcdb6fa..4cda5625 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 885-0560" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@bruneiembassy.org

http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html" + "text": "
info@bruneiembassy.org

http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html
" }, "consulate(s)": { "text": "New York" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 6c281dc5..40babc07 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 726-8381" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
camemb.usa@mfaic.gov

https://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/" + "text": "
camemb.usa@mfaic.gov.kh

https://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

manufacture of methamphetamine expanding due to  transnational crime syndicates moving from China to evade the law; drugs destined for Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea and the rest of East and South-East Asia

(2021)" + "text": "

a significant transshipment country for Burma-sourced methamphetamine and heroin and a location for large-scale ketamine production; transnational criminal organizations (TCO’s) use Cambodia as both a transit and destination for illicit drugs; precursor chemicals from mainly China used at domestic clandestine laboratories operated by TCOs for the manufacturing of methamphetamine, ketamine, and other synthetic drugs

(2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index dccd7b03..5c171598 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -1036,6 +1036,26 @@ "text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "55 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "21" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "53.18GW (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "5.02% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "3% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "4,314,681,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1308,7 +1328,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a major source of precursor chemicals, new psychoactive substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs, including fentanyl precursors and methamphetamine;  PRC criminal organizations, transnational crime, and organizations from Mexico and Southeast Asia traffic licit precursor chemical components and illicit finished drugs within the PRC as well as to international markets; significant illicit drug consumption of methamphetamine and ketamine; a major destination and transit country for heroin produced in neighboring countries; the PRC remains a major source of NPS sold in North America and Europe  

 

(2021)" + "text": "

a major source of precursor chemicals for narcotics such as fentanyl and methamphetamine, new psychoactive substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; is a destination and transit country for methamphetamine and heroin produced in South east and Southwest Asia;  China remains a major source of precursor chemicals sold in North America via the internet and shipped to overseas customers; domestic use of synthetic drugs is prevalent; chemical alterations of drugs circumvent laws and hamper efforts to stem the flow of these

(2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index 6bfb5980..c793b05b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "none (Special Administrative Region of China); Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; Eddie MAK Tak-wai (since 3 July 2018) is the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk" + "text": "none (Special Administrative Region of China); Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; Eddie MAK Tak-wai (since 3 July 2018) is the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email:  hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/" }, "HKETO offices": { "text": "New York, San Francisco" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index f6222ffb..8daeb7ad 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -637,10 +637,10 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 775-5200" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 775-5365" + "text": "[1] (202) 775-5236" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/" + "text": "
washington.kbri@kemlu.go.id

https://www.kemlu.go.id/washington/en#!" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ "text": "approximately 400,000 active duty troops (300,000 Army; 60,000 Navy, including about 20,000 marines; 30,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of Chinese, Russian, and Western (including US) equipment; in recent years, the top suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade with uneven success; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; in 2019, the Indonesian Government said that growing its domestic defense industry was a national priority over the following 10 years (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of Chinese, Russian, and Western (including US) equipment; in recent years, the top suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, South Korea, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade with uneven success; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; in 2019, the Indonesian Government said that growing its domestic defense industry was a national priority over the following 10 years (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized (males, age 18), but not utilized; 24-month service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers) (2023)" @@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit and destination point for illicit narcotics; consumer of crystal methamphetamine trafficked in Burma and Pakistan and also transit to Australia and New Zealand; significant consumer of ecstasy from China and the Netherlands and domestically grown cannabis

 

" + "text": "

major transit point and destination for illicit narcotics; a destination for methamphetamine, ecstasy, and other illicit drugs; methamphetamine production facilities within Indonesia 

 

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 423afb02..445f3d2c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -981,6 +981,26 @@ "text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "10 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "2" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "9.49GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "7% (2018)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "24% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "17" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "29.84 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1203,7 +1223,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF; includes aviation), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF; includes naval aviation), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF); Japan Coast Guard (Ministry of Land, Transport, Infrastructure and Tourism) (2022)" + "text": "Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF; includes aviation), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF; includes naval aviation), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF) (2023)", + "note": "note: the Coast Guard is under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; it is barred by law from operating as a military force, but in times of conflict Article 80 of the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Act permits the transfer of control of the coast guard to the Ministry of Defense with Cabinet approval " }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1227,7 +1248,7 @@ "text": "approximately 240,000 active personnel (150,000 Ground; 45,000 Maritime; 45,000 Air); 14,000 Coast Guard (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the JSDF is equipped with a mix of imported and domestically produced equipment; Japan has a robust defense industry and is capable of producing a wide range of air, ground, and naval weapons systems; the majority of its weapons imports are from the US and some domestically produced weapons are US-origin and manufactured under license (2022)" + "text": "the JSDF is equipped with a mix of imported and domestically produced equipment; Japan has a robust defense industry and is capable of producing a wide range of air, ground, and naval weapons systems; the majority of its weapons imports are from the US and some domestically produced weapons are US-origin and manufactured under license (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (maximum enlistment age 32); no conscription (2022)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 9855200e..2ffef5ca 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "State Affairs Commission President KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011); note - within the North Korean system KIM Jong Un's role as chief of state is secondary to his role as general secretary of the KWP; chief of state is used to engage with non-communist countries such as the US; North Korea revised its constitution in 2019 to define \"the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission\" as \"the supreme leader who represents the state\"; functions as the commander-in-chief and chief executive; the specific titles associated with this office have changed multiple times under KIM's tenure, however, KIM Jong Un has been supreme leader since his father's death in 2011" + "text": "State Affairs Commission President KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011); note - within the North Korean system, KIM Jong Un's role as chief of state is secondary to his role as general secretary of the KWP; chief of state is used to engage with non-communist countries such as the US; North Korea revised its constitution in 2019 to define \"the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission\" as \"the supreme leader who represents the state\"; functions as the commander-in-chief and chief executive; the specific titles associated with this office have changed multiple times under KIM's tenure, however, KIM Jong Un has been supreme leader since his father's death in 2011" }, "head of government": { "text": "Supreme People's Assembly President CHOE Ryong Hae (since 11 April 2019); note - functions as the technical head of state and performs related duties, such as receiving ambassadors' credentials" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index fd480afb..624fc080 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -978,6 +978,26 @@ "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "25 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "3" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "24.49GW (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "27.4% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "76.5% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "2" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "16.364 million metric tons (2020 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 7acd1a4a..36cc1cfb 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -613,13 +613,13 @@ "text": "2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 328-9148; [1] (202) 332-6416" + "text": "[1] (202) 332-6416" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 332-4923" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
embasslao@gmail.com; laoemb@verizon.net

https://laoembassy.com/" + "text": "
embasslao@gmail.com

https://laoembassy.com/" }, "consulate(s)": { "text": "New York" @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ "text": "422 km (2023)" }, "standard gauge": { - "text": "422 km (2023)" + "text": "422 km (2023) 1.435-m gauge (422 km overhead electrification)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ "text": "

Laos-Burma: none identified

Laos-Cambodia: in 2021, the two countries agreed to increase efforts to combat drug trafficking and other transnational crimes and to complete the last 14% of their border demarcation

Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam: Cambodia and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive plans for upstream dam construction and the potential harm it poses to fisheries and farming downstream

Laos-China: concern among Mekong River Commission members that China's construction of eight dams on the Upper Mekong River and construction of more dams on its tributaries will affect water levels, sediment flows, and fisheries

Laos-Thailand: talks continue as of 2018 on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over islands in the Mekong River

Laos-Vietnam: Laos and Vietnam completed border demarcation in 2016

 

 

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

Bokeo Province part of the “Golden Triangle,” a notorious drug production and transit area; remains a poppy cultivator and source of illicit opium and a transit hub for other illicit drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and chemical precursors; estimate of 4,925 ha of opium poppy cultivated in Laos in 2018

" + "text": "

Laos remains a key transit route for drug trafficking and the movement of precursor chemicals; opium produced is typically smuggled out of the country and refined elsewhere and not trafficked in significant quantities to the United States

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index b31c961b..7687a492 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

asian organized crime groups involved in drug trafficking and money laundering

" + "text": "

Asian organized crime groups involved in drug trafficking and money laundering

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index cbd99aa7..c360d8b0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

methamphetamine is the most used and trafficked drug controlled by criminal organizations that produce it; crystal methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), cannabis products, heroin, ketamine, and Erimin 5 (nimetazepam) are smuggled into the country; a transit point for trafficking cocaine and other drugs to the Australian market

 

" + "text": "

not a source country for illicit drugs bound for the United States but is a significant transit country for drugs destined for Australia;  drugs trafficked to Malaysia include crystal methamphetamine and lesser quantities of MDMA (ecstasy), cannabis, heroin, and ketamine; significant number of the population abuse drugs especially  methamphetamine

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 888c987a..ed090ad7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held on 9 May 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%" + "text": "

2022: Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%

2016: Rodrigo DUTERTE elected president; percent of vote - Rodrigo DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%, Manuel \"Mar\" ROXAS (LP) 23.5%, Grace POE (independent) 21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA) 12.7%, Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO (PRP) 3.4%; Leni ROBREDO elected vice president; percent of vote Leni ROBREDO (LP) 35.1%, Bongbong MARCOS (independent) 34.5%, Alan CAYETANO 14.4%, Francis ESCUDERO (independent) 12%, Antonio TRILLANES (independent) 2.1%, Gregorio HONASAN (UNA) 1.9%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 328-7614" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington.pe@dfa.gov.ph; consular@phembassy-us.org" + "text": "
info@phembassy-us.org; consular@phembassy-us.org

The Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines in Washington D.C. (philippineembassy-dc.org)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)" @@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "cannabis products, methamphetamine hydrochloride (locally known as \"shabu\"), and MDMA (ecstasy) are locally used; Chinese Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) are the main source of methamphetamine; precursor chemicals in transit from China to Burma" + "text": "

Illegal drugs, including methamphetamine hydrochloride, cannabis, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDA, or \"ecstasy\") enter the Philippines from the Golden Triangle (Thailand, Laos, and Burma); drugs entering the Philippines are used locally and transported to other countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania; Chinese transnational organizations are the principal supplier of methamphetamine;  not a significant source or transit country for drugs entering the United States

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index ddafd1d7..fbd09b6e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 537-3100" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 537-0876" + "text": "[1] (202) 537-7086" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
singemb_was@mfa.sg

https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 9c09f248..d6bd8bee 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 944-3611" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
https://thaiembdc.org" + "text": "
thai.wsn@thaiembdc.org

https://thaiembdc.org" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ "note": "note: Thai nationality was granted to more than 23,000 stateless persons between 2012 and 2016 and more than 18,000 between 2018 and 2021; in 2016, the Government of Thailand approved changes to its citizenship laws that could make 80,000 stateless persons eligible for citizenship, as part of its effort to achieve zero statelessness by 2024 (2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a minor producer of opium, heroin, and cannabis products; major part of the illegal drug market for the Southeast Asia region and the interconnected markets in East Asia and Oceania; transit point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; “Yaba,” a tablet containing methamphetamine, caffeine, and other stimulants, is the most widely abused drug in Thailand" + "text": "

not a cultivator or producer of significant quantities of opiates, methamphetamine, or other illicit drugs; not a significant source or transit country for drugs entering the United States; drugs smuggled through Thailand heading for Indo-Pacific region markets; large influx of methamphetamine and heroin from neighboring Burma to other markets, but also consumed domestically, most of which transits through Thailand to other markets, but is also consumed domestically; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index c8411e18..2368bdd5 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; commercial and cultural relations with its citizens in the US are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), a private nonprofit corporation that performs citizen and consular services similar to those at diplomatic posts, represented by HSIAO Bi-khim (since 20 July 2020); office: 4201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016; telephone: [1] (202) 895-1800" + "text": "none; commercial and cultural relations with its citizens in the US are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), a private nonprofit corporation that performs citizen and consular services similar to those at diplomatic posts, represented by HSIAO Bi-khim (since 20 July 2020); office: 4201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016; telephone: [1] (202) 895-1800; fax: [1] (202) 363-0999" }, "Taipei Economic and Cultural Offices (branch offices)": { "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver (CO), Houston, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle" @@ -810,6 +810,26 @@ "text": "1.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.87GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "11% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "63.9% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "2" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "5.955 million metric tons (2020 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 695108a1..1d99d5b0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) trafficking heroin, crystal methamphetamine, and ketamine throughout East Asia and the Pacific; approximately 90% of the illicit drugs in the country originate in Laos, Burma, and Thailand" + "text": "

a transshipment and destination country for all types of illegal drugs; most transshipments destined for other Asian countries and not the United States; heroin transits from Thailand, Laos, and Burma for domestic use and shipping to r countries in Southeast Asia, Oceania, China and Taiwan; methamphetamine and amphetamine type stimulants from Burma locally consumed and shipped; South American cocaine locally consumed and distributed to Southeast Asia and Oceania

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index f59501ee..2d901f19 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Berat, Diber, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Korce, Kukes, Lezhe, Shkoder, Tirane, Vlore" + "text": "12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Berat, Diber, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Korce, Kukes, Lezhe, Shkoder, Tirane (Tirana), Vlore" }, "Independence": { "text": "28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)" @@ -1221,10 +1221,10 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "1,948 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 43,767 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)" + "note": "note: 44,396 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

active transshipment point for violent Albanian narco-trafficking organizations moving illicit drugs such as cocaine from South America and heroin exiting Turkey and Asia throughout Europe; significant source country for cannabis production

" + "text": "

a source country for cannabis and an active transshipment point for Albanian narco-trafficking organizations moving illicit drugs into European markets

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index c3f465f4..59720bf6 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ "text": "9.1% of GDP (2020)" }, "Physicians density": { - "text": "3.33 physicians/1,000 population (2015)" + "text": "3.63 physicians/1,000 population (2015)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "2.5 beds/1,000 population" @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ "text": "2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (212) 750-8064; [1] (212) 750-8065" + "text": "[1] (212) 750-8064" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (212) 750-6630" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 9ee0b4a5..fab71e90 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 895-6750" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington-ka@bmeia.gv.at

https://www.austria.org/" + "text": "
washington-ob@bmeia.gv.at

https://www.austria.org/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Los Angeles, New York, Washington" @@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "67,588 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 97,047 (Ukraine) (as of 15 May 2023)" + "text": "67,588 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 98,830 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,219 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 6ceeb6d0..70f3bd73 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -979,6 +979,26 @@ "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "5 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "3.93GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "50.8% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "71% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "2" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "1.105 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1237,14 +1257,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 72,397 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" + "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 72,395 (Ukraine) (as of 6 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,190 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a primary entry point for cocaine smuggled into Europe; also a transit point for precursor chemicals from China for amphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy) production labs in Belgium; a transit country for new psychoactive substances (NPS); increasing number of amphetamine and ecstasy production labs in Belgium; heroin also transits through Belgium.

" + "text": "

a transit point for precursor chemicals from China and India destined for clandestine synthetic drug laboratories in the Netherlands and to some labs in Belgium; a primary entry point for cocaine into Europe; one of the top methamphetamine producers in Europe;  a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 69dfdbaa..43938750 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -1226,10 +1226,10 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "48 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 121,540 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 123,496 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" + "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 782543bb..2c967c29 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 986-1805" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
usa@mfa.gov.by" + "text": "
usa@mfa.gov.by

https://usa.mfa.gov.by/en/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -987,6 +987,26 @@ "text": "1.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2.22GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "14.1% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "40.8% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1219,7 +1239,7 @@ "note": "note: conscripts can be assigned to the military, to the Ministry of Interior as internal or border troops, or to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (alternative service); as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 40% of the military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia has been the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory for its invasion of Ukraine and continues to supply arms and other aid to the Russian military; in 2023, Belarus allowed Russia to deploy nuclear munitions inside the country

Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR) (2023)" + "text": "Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia has been the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory for its invasion of Ukraine and continues to supply arms and other aid to the Russian military; in 2023, Belarus agreed to allow Russia to deploy nuclear munitions inside the country

Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR) (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 8796445b..d9ee8e2b 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -604,13 +604,13 @@ "text": "1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 387-0174; [1] (202) 299-0273, [1] (202) 483-1386" + "text": "[1] (202) 387 5770; [1] (202) 387-0174; [1] (202) 299-0273, [1] (202) 483-1386" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 234-7973" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
office@bulgaria-embassy.org; Embassy.Washington@mfa.bg

https://www.bulgaria-embassy.org/en/homepage/" + "text": "
office@bulgaria-embassy.org; 
Embassy.Washington@mfa.bg

https://www.bulgaria-embassy.org/en/homepage/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -992,6 +992,26 @@ "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2.01GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "34.6% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "40% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "2" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "22.298 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1241,12 +1261,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 51,365 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" + "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 161,370 (Ukraine) (as of 6 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,129 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 89,608 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2023); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country" + "note": "note: 90,264 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index fbce6fa6..88b28d3d 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 18,281 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 18,120 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)" @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ "note": "note: 51,987 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

vulnerable to money laundering from illegal drugs

 

" + "text": "

the ROC financial system is vulnerable to money laundering by domestic and foreign criminals; proceeds generated by illicit activity abroad pose a greater threat; primary sources of illicit proceeds are investment fraud, corruption, advance fee fraud, tax evasion, illegal drugs, and tobacco smuggling. Additionally, cybercrime, especially phishing, e-mail hacking, and ransomware use, continues to increase. Criminals have reportedly used ROC banks to launder proceeds, particularly from Russian and Ukrainian illicit activity.

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index c56aefdb..1b0e83cb 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Evangelical Lutheran (official) 74.7%, Muslim 5.5%, other/none/unspecified (denominations of less than 1% each in descending order of size include Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Serbian Orthodox Christian, Jewish, Baptist, Buddhist, Church of Jesus Christ, Pentecostal, and nondenominational Christian) 19.8% (2019 est.)" }, + "Demographic profile": { + "text": "

Modern immigration to Denmark began in the 1960s and 1970s, although immigration, primarily from the Nordic countries and Western Europe, has earlier roots.  Dutch migrants came in the 16th century and Germans in the 18th, in both cases to work in agriculture.  Between the late 19th century and World War I, Denmark absorbed unskilled Polish, German, and Swedish labor migrants in significant numbers, sometimes at the request of the Danish Government.  Between the two World Wars, Denmark received many Eastern European, Jewish, and German migrants. It wasn’t until after World War II, that refugees began seeking sanctuary in Demark, including a large number of German refugees and later Hungarians, Czechs, and Polish Jews.  Denmark also imported foreign labor during the 1960s, mainly from Turkey, the former Yugoslavia, and Pakistan.  Although the “guest worker” program was halted in 1973, immigrants continued to arrive to be reunited with family members who were already in Denmark as refugees or as guest workers. Non-European refugees came from Chile, Uganda, and Vietnam.  In the 1990s, Denmark began receiving migrants and refugees from new places, including Russia, Hungary, Bosnia, Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon.  Despite raising more restrictions on immigration, in the 2000s, Denmark continued to receive asylum seekers, particularly from Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, and the former Yugoslavia, as well as labor migrants from new EU member states. 

In more recent years, Denmark has severely limited its refugee intake, aiming to accept as few refugees outside of the UN resettlement program as possible.  In the mid-2010s, Denmark passed legislation enabling it to withdraw temporary protective status as soon as conditions in the home country, as determined by Denmark, have improved.  This policy has lead Denmark, to deem Damascus and other areas in Syria safe for return, making it the only country in Europe to do so.  Consequently, some Syrian refugees have had their residency status revoked, and they are detained in deportation centers because Denmark does not have diplomatic relations with Syria and, therefore, cannot send them back.  Copenhagen hopes its stricter policies will discourage asylum seekers, particularly those from non-Western countries.

" + }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "16.24% (male 495,887/female 469,976)" @@ -1178,7 +1181,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Danish Armed Forces (Forsvaret): Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Danish Home Guard (Reserves) (2023)", - "note": "note: the Danish military maintains a Joint Arctic Command with the mission of protecting the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark in the Arctic Region, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland; the command also conducts maritime pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, fishery inspections, search and rescue, hydrographical surveys, and provides support to governmental science missions" + "note": "note: the Danish military maintains a joint service Arctic Command with the mission of protecting the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark in the Arctic Region, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland; the command also conducts maritime pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, fishery inspections, search and rescue, hydrographical surveys, and provides support to governmental science missions" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1198,14 +1201,14 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 17,000 active duty personnel (10,000 Army; 3,500 Navy; 3,500 Air Force) (2022)" + "text": "approximately 17,000 active-duty personnel (10,000 Army; 3,500 Navy; 3,500 Air Force) (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Danish military inventory is comprised of a mix of modern European, US, and domestically produced equipment; the US has been the largest supplier of military equipment to Denmark in recent years; the Danish defense industry is active in the production of naval vessels, defense electronics, and subcomponents of larger weapons systems, such as the US F-35 fighter aircraft (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2023)", - "note": "note 1: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2019, they made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work

note 2: foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least 1 year or in another EU country for 6 years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish 

note 2: Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849" + "note": "note 1: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2022, they made up about 9% of the military's full-time personnel; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work

note 2: foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least 1 year or in another EU country for 6 years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish 

note 2: Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 225 Estonia (NATO); approximately 800 Latvia (NATO) (2023)", @@ -1227,7 +1230,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 42,361 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" + "text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 42,325 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,644 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index 36d8f988..be192ef2 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -355,16 +355,19 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Stavros LAMBRINIDIS (since 8 March 2019)" + "text": "Ambassador Stavros LAMBRINIDIS (since 8 April 2019)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2175 K Street NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20037" + "text": "2175 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20037" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 862-9500" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 429-1766" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "
delegation-usa-info@eeas.europa.eu

Delegation of the European Union to the United States of America | EEAS (europa.eu)" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -730,7 +733,7 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "200,251 km (2020)" + "text": "4,894,173 km (2019)" } }, "Roadways": { @@ -779,7 +782,7 @@ "note": "note: in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the EU announced that it would develop a rapid deployment force consisting of up to 5,000 troops by 2025" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the EU partners with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); NATO is an alliance of 31 countries from North America and Europe; its role is to safeguard the security of its member countries by political and military means; NATO conducts crisis management and peacekeeping missions; member countries that participate in the military aspect of the Alliance contribute forces and equipment, which remain under national command and control until a time when they are required by NATO for a specific purpose (i.e., conflict or crisis, peacekeeping); NATO, however, does possess some common capabilities owned and operated by the Alliance, such as some early warning radar aircraft; relations between NATO and the EU were institutionalized in the early 2000s, building on steps taken during the 1990s to promote greater European responsibility in defense matters; cooperation and coordination covers a broad array of issues, including crisis management, defense and political consultations, civil preparedness, capacity building, military capabilities, maritime security, planning, cyber defense, countering hybrid threats, information sharing, logistics, defense industry, counterterrorism, etc.; since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the EU and NATO have intensified their work and cooperation; NATO and the EU have 22 member countries in common

there are no permanent standing EU forces, but Europe has a variety of multinational military organizations that may be deployed through the EU, in a NATO environment, upon the mandate of the participating countries, or upon the mandate of other international organizations, such as the UN or OSCE including:

EU Battlegroups (BGs) are rapid reaction multinational army units that form a key part of the EU's capacity to respond to crises and conflicts; their deployment is subject to a unanimous decision by the European Council; BGs typically consists of 1,500-2,000 troops organized around an infantry battalion depending on the mission; the troops and equipment are drawn from EU member states and under the direction of a lead nation; two BGs are always on standby for a period of 6 months; the BGs were declared operational in 2007 but have never been used operationally due to political and financial obstacles

the European Corps (Eurocorps) is an independent multinational land force corps headquarters composed of personnel from six framework nations and five associated nations; the corps has no standing operational units; during a crisis, units would be drawn from participating states, and the corps would be placed at the service of the EU and NATO; Eurocorps was established in 1992 by France and Germany; Belgium (1993), Spain (1994), and Luxembourg (1996) joined over the next few years; Greece and Turkey (since 2002), Italy, Romania, and Austria (since 2009, 2016, and 2021 respectively) participate as associated nations; Poland joined in 2022; Eurocorps is headquartered in France

the European Gendarmerie Force (EURGENDFOR) is an operational, pre-organized, and rapidly deployable European gendarmerie/police force; it is not established at the EU level, but is capable of performing police tasks, including law enforcement, stability operations, and training in support of the EU, the UN, OSCE, NATO, and other international organizations or ad hoc coalitions; member state gendarmeries include those of France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain; the Lithuanian Public Security Service is a partner, while Turkey's Gendarmerie is an observer force

the European Medical Corps (EMC) was set up in the aftermath of the Ebola crisis in West Africa in 2014 to enable the deployment of teams and equipment from EU member states to provide medical assistance and public health expertise in response to emergencies inside and outside the EU; as of 2022, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden had committed teams and equipment to the EMC

the European Medical Command (EMC) was formed to provide a standing EU medical capability, increase medical operational readiness, and improve interoperability amongst the 18 participating EU members; it operates closely with the NATO Framework Nations Concept’s Multinational Medical Coordination Center (MMCC) under a single administrative and infrastructural framework (MMCC/EMC); the EMC was declared operational in May 2022

the European Air Transport Command (EATC) is a single multinational command for more than 150 military air mobility assets from seven member states, including transport, air-to-air refueling, and aeromedical evacuation; the EATC headquarters is located in the Netherlands, but the air assets remain located at member national air bases; the EATC was established in 2010

the European Air Group (EAG) is an independent organization formed by the air forces of its seven member nations (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, and the UK) that is focused on improving interoperability between the air forces of EAG members and its 14 partner and associate nations; it was established in the late 1990s and is headquartered in the UK

the European Maritime Force (EUROMARFOR or EMF) is a four-nation (France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain), non-standing naval force with the ability to carry out naval, air, and amphibious operations; EUROMARFOR was formed in 1995 to conduct missions such as crisis response, humanitarian missions, peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and sea control; it can deploy under EU, NATO, or UN mandate, but also as long as the four partner nations agree

the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF) is a deployable, combined French-UK military force of up to 10,000 personnel for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; it was established in 2010 and declared operational in 2020

the 1st German/Netherlands (Dutch) Corps is a combined army corps headquarters that has the ability to conduct operations under the command and control of Germany and the Netherlands, NATO, or the EU; in peacetime, approximately 1,100 Dutch and German soldiers are assigned, but during a crisis up to 80,000 troops may be assigned; it was formed in 1995 and is headquartered in Germany 

the Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG) is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation; it was formed in 2014 and is headquartered in Poland

in 2022, the EU approved a new defense strategy (Strategic Compass) designed to increase the bloc’s capacity to act, including setting up a Rapid Deployment Capacity (EU RDC) consisting of up to 5,000 troops by 2025 (2023)" + "text": "the EU partners with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); NATO is an alliance of 31 countries from North America and Europe; its role is to safeguard the security of its member countries by political and military means; NATO conducts crisis management and peacekeeping missions; member countries that participate in the military aspect of the Alliance contribute forces and equipment, which remain under national command and control until a time when they are required by NATO for a specific purpose (i.e., conflict or crisis, peacekeeping); NATO, however, does possess some common capabilities owned and operated by the Alliance, such as some early warning radar aircraft; relations between NATO and the EU were institutionalized in the early 2000s, building on steps taken during the 1990s to promote greater European responsibility in defense matters; cooperation and coordination covers a broad array of issues, including crisis management, defense and political consultations, civil preparedness, capacity building, military capabilities, maritime security, planning, cyber defense, countering hybrid threats, information sharing, logistics, defense industry, counterterrorism, etc.; since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the EU and NATO have intensified their work and cooperation; NATO and the EU have 22 member countries in common

there are no permanent standing EU forces, but Europe has a variety of multinational military organizations that may be deployed through the EU, in a NATO environment, upon the mandate of the participating countries, or upon the mandate of other international organizations, such as the UN or OSCE including:

EU Battlegroups (BGs) are rapid reaction multinational army units that form a key part of the EU's capacity to respond to crises and conflicts; their deployment is subject to a unanimous decision by the European Council; BGs typically consists of 1,500-2,000 troops organized around an infantry battalion depending on the mission; the troops and equipment are drawn from EU member states and under the direction of a lead nation; two BGs are always on standby for a period of 6 months; the BGs were declared operational in 2007 but have never been used operationally due to political and financial obstacles

the European Corps (Eurocorps) is an independent multinational land force corps headquarters composed of personnel from six framework nations and five associated nations; the corps has no standing operational units; during a crisis, units would be drawn from participating states, and the corps would be placed at the service of the EU and NATO; Eurocorps was established in 1992 by France and Germany; Belgium (1993), Spain (1994), and Luxembourg (1996) joined over the next few years; Greece and Turkey (since 2002), Italy, Romania, and Austria (since 2009, 2016, and 2021 respectively) participate as associated nations; Poland joined in 2022; Eurocorps is headquartered in France

the European Gendarmerie Force (EURGENDFOR) is an operational, pre-organized, and rapidly deployable European gendarmerie/police force; it is not established at the EU level, but is capable of performing police tasks, including law enforcement, stability operations, and training in support of the EU, the UN, OSCE, NATO, and other international organizations or ad hoc coalitions; member state gendarmeries include those of France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain; the Lithuanian Public Security Service is a partner, while Turkey's Gendarmerie is an observer force

the European Medical Corps (EMC) was set up in the aftermath of the Ebola crisis in West Africa in 2014 to enable the deployment of teams and equipment from EU member states to provide medical assistance and public health expertise in response to emergencies inside and outside the EU; as of 2023, 12 European states had committed teams and equipment to the EMC

the European Medical Command (EMC) was formed to provide a standing EU medical capability, increase medical operational readiness, and improve interoperability amongst the 18 participating EU members; it operates closely with the NATO Framework Nations Concept’s Multinational Medical Coordination Center (MMCC) under a single administrative and infrastructural framework (MMCC/EMC); the EMC was declared operational in May 2022

the European Air Transport Command (EATC) is a single multinational command for more than 150 military air mobility assets from seven member states, including transport, air-to-air refueling, and aeromedical evacuation; the EATC headquarters is located in the Netherlands, but the air assets remain located at member national air bases; the EATC was established in 2010

the European Air Group (EAG) is an independent organization formed by the air forces of its seven member nations (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, and the UK) that is focused on improving interoperability between the air forces of EAG members and its 14 partner and associate nations; it was established in the late 1990s and is headquartered in the UK

the European Maritime Force (EUROMARFOR or EMF) is a four-nation (France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain), non-standing naval force with the ability to carry out naval, air, and amphibious operations; EUROMARFOR was formed in 1995 to conduct missions such as crisis response, humanitarian missions, peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and sea control; it can deploy under EU, NATO, or UN mandate, but also as long as the four partner nations agree

the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF) is a deployable, combined French-UK military force of up to 10,000 personnel for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; it was established in 2010 and declared operational in 2020

the 1st German/Netherlands (Dutch) Corps is a combined army corps headquarters that has the ability to conduct operations under the command and control of Germany and the Netherlands, NATO, or the EU; in peacetime, approximately 1,100 Dutch and German soldiers are assigned, but during a crisis up to 80,000 troops may be assigned; it was formed in 1995 and is headquartered in Germany 

the Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG) is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation; it was formed in 2014 and is headquartered in Poland

in 2022, the EU approved a new defense strategy (Strategic Compass) designed to increase the bloc’s capacity to act, including setting up a Rapid Deployment Capacity (EU RDC) consisting of up to 5,000 troops by 2025 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 62d94b03..96c73afc 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ "text": "
Senate - last held early on 21-30 May 2020 (next to be held in March 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than March 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 35%, Fine Gael 26.7%, Labor Party 6.7%, Sinn Fein 6.7%, Green Party 6.7%, Human Dignity Alliance 1.6%, independent 16.7%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 21, Fine Gael 16, Labor Party 4, Sinn Fein 4, Green Party 4, Human Dignity Alliance 1, independent 10; composition - men 36, women 24, percent of women 40%  
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 23.8%, Sinn Fein 23.1%, Fine Gael 21.9%, Green Party 7.5%, Labor Party 3.8%, Social Democrats 3.8%, PBPS 3.2%, Aontu 0.6%, Right to Change 0.6%, independent 11.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 38, Sinn Fein 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, PBPS 5, Aontu l, Right to Change 1, Independents 24; composition as of March 2022 - men 123, women 37, percent of women 23.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 27.7%" + "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 35%, Fine Gael 26.7%, Labor Party 6.7%, Sinn Fein 6.7%, Green Party 6.7%, Human Dignity Alliance 1.6%, independent 16.7%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 21, Fine Gael 16, Labor Party 4, Sinn Fein 4, Green Party 4, Human Dignity Alliance 1, independent 10; composition - men 36, women 24, percent of women 40%  
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 23.8%, Sinn Fein 23.1%, Fine Gael 21.9%, Green Party 7.5%, Labor Party 3.8%, Social Democrats 3.8%, PBPS 3.2%, Aontu 0.6%, Right to Change 0.6%, independent 11.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 38, Sinn Fein 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, PBPS 5, Aontu l, Right to Change 1, Independents 19; composition as of March 2022 - men 123, women 37, percent of women 23.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 27.7%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1166,7 +1166,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Irish Defense Forces (Oglaigh na h-Eireannn): Army, Air Corps, Naval Service, Reserve Defense Forces (2022)" + "text": "Irish Defense Forces (Oglaigh na h-Eireannn): Army, Air Corps, Naval Service, Reserve Defense Forces (2023)", + "note": "note: An Garda Siochana (or Garda) is the national police force and maintains internal security under the auspices of the Department of Justice " }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1186,20 +1187,20 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 8,500 active duty personnel (6,800 Army; 900 Naval Service; 800 Air Corps) (2022)" + "text": "approximately 8,000 active-duty personnel (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Irish Defense Forces have a small inventory of imported weapons systems from a variety of mostly European countries (2022)" + "text": "the Irish Defense Forces have a small inventory of imported weapons systems from a variety of mostly European countries, particularly the UK (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service recruits to the Defence Forces (18-27 years of age for the Naval Service); 18-26 for cadetship (officer) applicants; 12-year service (5 active, 7 reserves) (2022)", + "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service recruits to the Defence Forces (18-27 years of age for the Naval Service); 18-26 for cadetship (officer) applicants; 12-year service (5 active, 7 reserves) (2023)", "note": "note: as of 2021, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel

note 2: the Defense Forces are open to refugees under the Refugee Act of 1996 and nationals of the European Economic Area, which include EU member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 320 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)" + "text": "130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 340 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921

Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participatant in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s

(2023)" + "text": "

the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921

Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s

(2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1214,7 +1215,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "84,392 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" + "text": "84,625 (Ukraine) (as of 4 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "7 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index d24573d8..7cf38bdc 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Kristjan PRIKK (since 7 July 2021)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "1990 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006" + "text": "2131 Massachusetts Ave, NW
Washington, DC, 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 588-0101" @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Estonian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Estonian Defense League (Reserves) (2023)" + "text": "Estonian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Estonian Defense League (Reserves); Ministry of Interior: Police, Border Guard Board, Internal Security Service (2023)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1207,14 +1207,15 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 7,000 active-duty personnel; approximately 15,000 Defense League (2022)" + "text": "approximately 7,000 active-duty personnel; approximately 15,000 Defense League (2023)", + "note": "note: the Estonian Defense Forces rely largely on reservists who have completed compulsory conscription in the previous 10 years to fill out its active duty and Territorial Defense units during a crisis; there are more than 40,000 trained reservists and approximately 230,000 Estonians are enrolled in the mobilization registry " }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Estonian military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly from western European suppliers (2022)" + "text": "the Estonian military has a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern equipment, mostly from western European suppliers, as well as Israel, South Korea, and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service for men; conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; non-commissioned officers, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months; women can volunteer, and as of 2018 could serve in any military branch (2023)", - "note": "note 1: conscripts comprise approximately 3,000-3,300 of the Estonian military's 7,000 active-duty personnel and serve in all branches, except for the Air Force, which does not have conscripts; after conscript service, reservists are called up for training every 5 years; Estonia has had conscription since 1991

note 2: the Estonian Defense Forces rely largely on reservists who have completed compulsory conscription in the previous 10 years to fill out its active duty and Territorial Defense units during a crisis; a total of approximately 230,000 Estonians are enrolled in the mobilization registry

note 3: in 2020, women comprised about 10% of the full-time professional military force" + "note": "note 1: conscripts comprise approximately 3,000-3,300 of the Estonian military's 7,000 active-duty personnel and serve in all branches, except for the Air Force; after conscript service, reservists are called up for training every 5 years; Estonia has had conscription since 1991

note 2: in 2020, women comprised about 10% of the full-time professional military force" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Estonia became a member of NATO in 2004

since 2017, Estonia has hosted a UK-led multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has provided air protection for Estonia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft have been hosted at Estonia’s Ämari Air Base since 2014 (2023)" @@ -1226,7 +1227,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "71,215 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" + "text": "50,625 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "70,604 (2022); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index c8b9c3af..3eea50a1 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Miloslav STASEK (since 16 September 2022)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "3900 Spring of Freedom Lane NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803" + "text": "3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 274-9100" @@ -975,6 +975,26 @@ "text": "7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "6 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "3.93GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "36.7% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "38.3% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "33.806 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1074,7 +1094,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the telecom market has attracted investment from among the key regional telcos; telcos in the Czech Republic have become multi-service providers, offering a full range of fixed and mobile services; the auction has enabled the licensees to expand the reach of their 5G networks; this process has also been assisted by them closing down 3G networks and reforming spectrum for 5G and LTE use (2021)" + "text": "the telecom market has attracted investment from among the key regional telcos; telcos in the Czech Republic have become multi-service providers, offering a full range of fixed and mobile services; this has enabled the reach of their 5G networks; this process has also been assisted by them closing down 3G networks and reforming spectrum for 5G and LTE use (2023)" }, "domestic": { "text": "roughly 12 fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants and mobile telephone usage of 125 per 100 inhabitants (2021)" @@ -1210,14 +1230,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "520,234 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "520,695 (Ukraine) (as of 4 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,625 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

manufacture of methamphetamine continues to be mostly based on pseudoephedrine from  Poland or Turkey.

 

" + "text": "

main country of origin of methamphetamine in European markets; manufacture of methamphetamine continues to be mostly based on pseudoephedrine from Poland or Turkey

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 12a0ffdc..322e8c41 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -138,6 +138,9 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2021 est.)" }, + "Demographic profile": { + "text": "

Finland has a relatively high fertility rate for Europe at about 1.75 children per woman in 2023.  Finnish women have high labor force participation rates, and their educational attainment is higher than that of Finnish men. Finland’s family policy, like other Nordic countries, puts an emphasis on reconciling work and family life.  Both parents can stay at home with an earnings-based allowance until the baby is about 11 months old.  Finland also has a publicly subsidized childcare system.  Alternatively, parents can choose to take care of a small child through home care leave with a flat allowance rate.  These benefits have encouraged fathers to do a greater share of housework and childcare, although women still perform the lion’s share of domestic work.  In other instances, women have reduced the burden of household work by outsourcing domestic chores, rather than men taking on more of the responsibilities.  Finland has high family size ideals compared to other European countries, and childlessness and one-child families are not favored.  The proportion of couples having at least three children has been growing since the 1970s.

Finland has historically been a country of emigration.  In the 20th century, Finns emigrated largely in two waves.  Before World War II, the majority of Finns went to North America, and after World War II most went to Sweden, where industrialization was generating much-needed jobs that offered higher salaries and a better standard of living.  In the 1980s and early 1990s, Finnish returnees (mainly from Sweden) began to outnumber Finnish emigrants.  Also arriving in Finland between April 1990 and 2010, were Ingrian Finns – descendants of ethnic Finns who settled near St. Petersburg, Russia, in the 17th century – who immigrated to Finland under the Right of Return Law.  In addition, the country has absorbed immigrants from Russia, Estonia, the former Yugoslavia, and Sweden for a variety of reasons, most commonly for marriage and family reunification.  Finland has also accepted refugees and asylum seekers from Somalia, Iraq, China, and Thailand.

" + }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "16.25% (male 466,311/female 446,015)" @@ -557,7 +560,7 @@ "text": "President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Sanna MARIN (since 10 December 2019)" + "text": "Prime Minister Petteri ORPO (since 20 June 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament" @@ -592,7 +595,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)
Center Party or Kesk [Annika SAARIKKO]
Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]
Finns Party or PS [Riikka PURRA]
Green League or Vihr 
Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]
Movement Now or Liike Nyt [Harry HARKINO]
National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sanna MARIN]
Swedish People's Party or RKP or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON]" + "text": "Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)
Center Party or Kesk [Annika SAARIKKO]
Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]
Finns Party or PS [Riikka PURRA]
Green League or Vihr [Sofia VIRTA]
Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]
Movement Now or Liike Nyt [Harry HARKINO]
National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sanna MARIN]
Swedish People's Party or RKP or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -611,7 +614,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 298-6030" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
sanomat.was@formin.fi

https://finlandabroad.fi/web/usa/mission" + "text": "
sanomat.WAS@gov.fi

https://finlandabroad.fi/web/usa/mission" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Los Angeles, New York" @@ -987,6 +990,26 @@ "text": "17.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "5 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "4.39GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "32.8% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "41.3% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "762,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1195,7 +1218,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Maavoimat), Navy (Merivoimat), Air Force (Ilmavoimat); Ministry of the Interior: Border Guard (Rajavartiolaitos) (2023)", + "text": "Finnish Defense Forces (FDF; Puolustusvoimat): Army (Maavoimat), Navy (Merivoimat), Air Force (Ilmavoimat); Ministry of the Interior: Border Guard (Rajavartiolaitos), National Police  (2023)", "note": "note: the Border Guard becomes part of the FDF in wartime" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1217,13 +1240,13 @@ }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 30,000 active-duty personnel (22,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2023)", - "note": "note: active-duty figures include conscripts carrying out their obligated military service (approximately 17,000 Army; 3,500 Navy; 1,000 Air Force)" + "note": "note: active-duty figures include about 21,000 conscripts carrying out their obligated military service (approximately 17,000 Army; 3,500 Navy; 1,000 Air Force)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide mix of mostly modern US, European, and domestically produced weapons systems; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2023)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide mix of mostly modern US, European, Israeli, South Korean, and domestically produced weapons systems; in recent years, the Netherlands and the US have been the leading suppliers; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard (length of service depends on the type of duty), and women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2023)", + "text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard (length of service depends on the type of duty); women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2023)", "note": "note 1: the military trains approximately 21,000 conscripts each year; women have served on a voluntary basis since 1995, and as of 2022 made up about 19% of the military's full-time personnel

note 2: Finland has had conscription since 1951" }, "Military deployments": { @@ -1239,7 +1262,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,175 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 47,067 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" + "text": "9,175 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 56,750 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,546 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 2965316b..02a3b3ad 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 April 2022 with a runoff held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2027); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: Emmanuel MACRON reelected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (LREM) 27.8%, Marine LE PEN (RN) 23.2%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (LFI) 22%, Eric ZEMMOUR (Reconquete) 7.1%, Valerie PECRESSE (LR) 4.8%, Yannick JADOT (EELV) 4.6%, Jean LASSALLE (Resistons!) 3.1%, Fabien ROUSSEL (PCF) 2.3%, Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN (DLF) 2.1%, Anne HIDALGO 1.8%, other 1.2%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 58.5%, LE PEN 41.5%

2017: Emmanuel MACRON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (EM) 24%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 21.3%, Francois FILLON (LR) 20%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (FI) 19.6%, Benoit HAMON (PS) 6.4%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 66.1%, LE PEN 33.9%" + "text": "

2022: Emmanuel MACRON reelected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (LREM) 27.8%, Marine LE PEN (RN) 23.2%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (LFI) 22%, Eric ZEMMOUR (Reconquete) 7.1%, Valerie PECRESSE (LR) 4.8%, Yannick JADOT (EELV) 4.6%, Jean LASSALLE (Resistons!) 3.1%, Fabien ROUSSEL (PCF) 2.3%, Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN (DLF) 2.1%, Anne HIDALGO 1.8%, other 1.2%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 58.5%, LE PEN 41.5%

2017: Emmanuel MACRON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (EM) 24%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 21.3%, Francois FILLON (LR) 20%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (FI) 19.6%, Benoit HAMON (PS) 6.4%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 66.1%, LE PEN 33.9%

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1026,6 +1026,26 @@ "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "56 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "61.37GW (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "70% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "77% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "6" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "2.312 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1250,7 +1270,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "French Armed Forces (Forces Armées Françaises): Army (l'Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (l'Armee de l’Air et de l’Espace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Reserves), National Gendarmerie (2023)", - "note": "note: the National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces and therefore part of the Ministry of Defense but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; it also has additional duties to the Ministry of Justice; the Gendarmerie includes the National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (Groupe d'intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale or GIGN), an elite national-level tactical police unit set up in 1973 in response to the 1972 Munich massacre" + "note": "note: under the direction of the Ministry of the Interior, the civilian National Police and the National Gendarmerie maintain internal security; the National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces and therefore part of the Ministry of Defense but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; it also has additional duties to the Ministry of Justice; the Gendarmerie includes the National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (Groupe d'intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale or GIGN), an elite national-level tactical police unit set up in 1973 in response to the 1972 Munich massacre" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1270,22 +1290,22 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 205,000 active-duty troops (115,000 Army; 35,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force; 15,000 other, such as joint staffs, administration, logistics, procurement, medical service, etc.); approximately 100,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 75,000 National Guard (2022)" + "text": "approximately 210,000 active-duty troops (120,000 Army; 35,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force; 15,000 other, such as joint staffs, administration, logistics, procurement, medical service, etc.); approximately 100,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 75,000 National Guard (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the French military's inventory consists mostly of domestically produced weapons systems, including some jointly produced with other European countries; there is a limited mix of armaments from other Western countries, particularly the US; France has a defense industry capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems (2023)", + "text": "the French military's inventory consists mostly of domestically produced weapons systems, including some jointly produced with other European countries; there is a limited mix of armaments from other Western countries, particularly the US; France has a large and sophisticated defense industry capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems (2023)", "note": "note: two major future acquisition programs for the French military included the Franco-German-Spanish Future Combat Air System, or FCAS (known in France as the système combat aérien du futur, or SCAF) and a next-generation tank development project with Germany known as the Main Ground Combat System, or MGCS" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (abolished 2001); 12-month service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2022)", - "note": "note 1: in 2019, women comprised approximately 16% of the uniformed armed forces 

note 2: men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign five-year contracts

note 3: in 2018, Parliament passed a law that would require military service for all genders beginning in 2024; Prime Minister MACRON included the measure in his platform hoping that it would reinvigorate a sense of civic duty; the service would include two components: the first would take place around age 16 and include one month of training and civic service, while the second component would last between three months and a year and be more geared towards defense and security duties; France began a pilot for the program in 2019" + "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (abolished 2001); 12-month service obligation (2022)", + "note": "note 1: in 2019, women comprised approximately 16% of the uniformed armed forces 

note 2: men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign five-year contracts

note 3: in 2018, Parliament passed a law that would require military service for all genders beginning in 2024; President MACRON included the measure in his platform hoping that it would reinvigorate a sense of civic duty; the service would include two components: the first would take place around age 16 and include one month of training and civic service, while the second component would last between three months and a year and be more geared towards defense and security duties; France began a pilot for the program in 2019" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 300 Central African Republic; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote d'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates; approximately 2,500 West Africa (Chad, Niger; Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre) (2022)", - "note": "note 1: France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992

note 2: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" + "text": "approximately 300 Central African Republic; approximately 1,000 Chad; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote d'Ivoire; approximately 1,400 Djibouti; 300 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,500 Niger; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2023)", + "note": "note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures

in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance

the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel in eight regiments, a regiment-sized demi-brigade, a battalion-sized overseas detachment, a battalion-sized recruiting group, and a command staff; the combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry (2023)" + "text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures

in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance

the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French military for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel; its combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry regiments (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index fbf52856..7fe2853b 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ "text": "last held on 7 October 2020 (next to be held in June 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 38; composition - men 32, women 8, percent of women 20%" + "text": "percent of vote - independents 62.6%, GPI 24.0%, GP 10.0%, APG 3.4%; seats - independents 22, GPI 10, GP 6; composition - men 32, women 8, percent of women 20%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "none; all independents" + "text": "Alliance Party Guernsey or APG [Barry WEIR]
Guernsey Partnership of Independents or GPI [Gavin ST PIER]
Guernsey Party or GP [Mark HEYLAR]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "UPU" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 45b04ba0..fe1a5db9 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ "election results": { "text": "
Bundesrat - composition - men 46, women 23, percent of women 33.3%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3; composition - men 479, women 257, percent of women 34.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.8%" }, - "note": "note - due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of \"overhang\" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and \"leveling\" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date" + "note": "note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of \"overhang\" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and \"leveling\" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { @@ -1004,6 +1004,26 @@ }, "note": "note: as of April 2023, Germany has closed its three remaining nuclear power plants" }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "33" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "114.86 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1181,12 +1201,12 @@ "text": "830,000 km (2022) 830,000 km" }, "paved": { - "text": "625,000 km (2022) (includes 13,155 km of expressways)" + "text": "830,000 km (2022) (includes 13,155 km of expressways)" }, "note": "note: includes local roads" }, "Waterways": { - "text": "7,467 km (2012) (Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea)" + "text": "7,300 km (2022) (Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea)" }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { @@ -1219,7 +1239,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe, includes air defense), Joint Support Service (Streitkraeftebasis, SKB), Central Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst, ZSanDstBw), Cyber and Information Space Command (Kommando Cyber und Informationsraum, Kdo CIR) (2023)" + "text": "Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe, includes air defense), Joint Support and Enabling Service (Streitkraeftebasis, SKB), Central Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst, ZSanDstBw), Cyber and Information Space Command (Kommando Cyber und Informationsraum, Kdo CIR) (2023)", + "note": "note: responsibility for internal and border security is shared by the police forces of the 16 states, the Federal Criminal Police Office, and the Federal Police; the states’ police forces report to their respective interior ministries while the Federal Police forces report to the Federal Ministry of the Interior" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1240,15 +1261,15 @@ "note": "note: in 2022, the German Government said defense spending would reach 2% of GDP by 2025" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 184,000 active duty personnel (63,000 Army; 16,000 Navy; 27,000 Air Force; 27,000 Joint Support Service; 20,000 Medical Service, 16,000 Cyber and Information Space Command; 15,000 other, including central staff, support, etc.) (2022)", + "text": "approximately 183,000 active-duty uniformed personnel (62,000 Army; 16,000 Navy; 27,000 Air Force; 20,000 Medical Service, 14,000 Cyber and Information Space Command; 43,000 other, including central staff, support, logistics, etc.) (2023)", "note": "note: Germany in 2020 announced it planned to increase the size of the military to about 200,000 troops by 2025" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports, particularly from the US; in recent years, the US has been the leading foreign supplier; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2022)" + "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports, particularly from the US; in recent years, the US has been the leading foreign supplier; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "17-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (must have completed compulsory full-time education and have German citizenship); conscription ended July 2011; service obligation 7-23 months or 12 years; women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 (2022)", - "note": "note: in 2021, women accounted for about 12% of the German military" + "text": "17-23 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (must have completed compulsory full-time education and have German citizenship); conscription ended July 2011; service obligation 7-23 months or 12 years; in July 2020, the government launched a new voluntary conscript initiative focused on homeland security tasks; volunteers serve for 7 months plus 5 months as reservists over a 6 year period (2023)", + "note": "note: women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 and account for about 12% of the German military" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "up to 500 Iraq (NATO); 1,000 Lithuania (NATO); approximately 1,100 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); 280 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)", @@ -1270,14 +1291,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,067,856 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" + "text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 948,440 (Ukraine) (as of 4 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "28,941 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

maritime transshipment point for cocaine heading to Europe

" + "text": "

maritime transshipment point for cocaine heading for European drug; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index bf6d5936..e710a1c1 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -1184,8 +1184,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Hellenic Armed Forces: Hellenic Army (Ellinikos Stratos, ES; includes National Guard reserves), Hellenic Navy (Elliniko Polemiko Navtiko, EPN), Hellenic Air Force (Elliniki Polemiki Aeroporia, EPA; includes air defense); Ministry of Shipping Affairs and Island Policy: Coast Guard (2022)", - "note": "note: the police (under the Ministry of Citizen Protection) and the armed forces (Ministry of National Defense) share law enforcement duties in certain border areas; border protection is coordinated by a deputy minister for national defense" + "text": "Hellenic Armed Forces: Hellenic Army (Ellinikos Stratos, ES; includes National Guard), Hellenic Navy (Elliniko Polemiko Navtiko, EPN), Hellenic Air Force (Elliniki Polemiki Aeroporia, EPA; includes air defense); Ministry of Shipping Affairs and Island Policy: Coast Guard (2023)", + "note": "note 1: the police (under the Ministry of Citizen Protection) and the armed forces (Ministry of National Defense) share law enforcement duties in certain border areas; border protection is coordinated by a deputy minister for national defense

note 2: the National Guard was established in 1982 as an official part of the Army to help protect Greece and provide reinforcements and support to the Army in peacetime and in times of mobilization and war; members undergo weekly training run by the Army, which also provides weapons and ammunition" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1208,8 +1208,8 @@ "text": "approximately 125,000 active duty personnel (90,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 20,000 Air Force); approximately 35,000 National Guard (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing a range of military hardware, including naval vessels and associated subsystems (2022)", - "note": "note: as of 2022, Greece was in the midst of a significant military modernization program which included major acquisitions of fighter aircraft and naval ships from France; it had also boosted purchases of US equipment, including fighter aircraft upgrades, helicopters, and naval patrol craft " + "text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems; in recent years, France, Germany, and the US have been the top suppliers; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing a range of military hardware, including naval vessels and associated subsystems (2023)", + "note": "note: Greece is in the midst of a significant military modernization program which includes acquisitions of fighter aircraft and naval ships from France and armored vehicles and tanks from Germany; it has also boosted purchases of US equipment, including fighter aircraft upgrades, helicopters, and naval patrol craft" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19-45 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 12-month obligation for all services (note - as an exception, the duration of the full military service is 9 instead of 12 months if conscripts, after the initial training, serve the entire remaining time in certain areas of the eastern borders, in Cyprus, or in certain military units); 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2023)", @@ -1234,12 +1234,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "41,594 (Syria), 33,549 (Afghanistan), 14,228 (Iraq), 6,366 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2022); 22,704 (Ukraine) (as of 31 March 2023)" + "text": "41,594 (Syria), 33,549 (Afghanistan), 14,228 (Iraq), 6,366 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2022); 24,985 (Ukraine) (as of 30 April 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "4,488 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 1,238,740 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 1,239,492 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index fecebe3a..f811686f 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 588-8936; [1] (202) 588-8937" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington@mvep.hr

http://us.mvep.hr/en/" + "text": "
washington@mvep.hr

https://mvep.gov.hr/us/en" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle (WA), Washington, DC" @@ -1247,15 +1247,15 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,538 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" + "text": "22,820 (Ukraine) (as of 2 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,889 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 796,769 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2023)" + "note": "note: 807,324 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

 

" + "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index caa984c1..6c105c71 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKACS (since 23 December 2020)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" + "text": "1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 362-6730" @@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 966-8135" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@mfa.gov.hu

https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng" + "text": "
info.was@mfa.gov.hu

https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -995,6 +995,26 @@ "text": "7.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "4 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.92GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "46.8% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "44% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "6.956 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1193,7 +1213,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are a unified force (Joint Force Command) with Land Forces, Air Forces, and Logistics components (2022)" + "text": "Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces; Ministry of Interior: National Police, Counterterrorism Center (2023)", + "note": "note: the National Police is responsible for maintaining order nationwide; the Counterterrorism Center is a special police force responsible for protecting the president and the prime minister and for preventing, uncovering, and detecting terrorist acts; it is directly subordinate to the Minister of Interior" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1217,7 +1238,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2017, Hungary announced plans to increase the number of active soldiers to around 37,000 but did not give a timeline" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment (2023)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment; in recent years, Germany has been the top supplier of military hardware to Hungary (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2022)", @@ -1242,7 +1263,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "36,313 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" + "text": "36,315 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 7267d7a7..a945bd08 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 62.3%, Roman Catholic 4%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.7%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 2%, pagan worship 1.4%, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1.1%, other (includes Zuist and Pentecostal) or unspecified 19%, none 7.6% (2021 est.)" }, + "Demographic profile": { + "text": "

Iceland is one of the most gender-equal countries in the world.  Its welfare policies enable both men and women to balance work and family life.  Iceland lagged its Nordic neighbors in introducing new childcare policies, and even when they did in the 1990s, parents still faced a childcare gap between the paid parental leave period and the start of pre-school. The female labor participation rate continued to grow from the 1960s to the 2000s, as women’s educational attainment increased.  Icelanders are marrying later, if they marry at all, and people are having children later.  The interval between births has decreased. Non-marital cohabitation and childbearing outside of marriage are common. Approximately 2 out of 3 children are born out of wedlock, which is among the highest in Europe.  Iceland’s total fertility rate (TFR) has been fairly stable, hovering around replacement level (2.1 children per woman), for decades – a rate higher even than its Nordic neighbors. 

Iceland has fluctuated over time between being a country of net emigration and one of net immigration.  Most Icelandic emigrants return to their native country after a few years.  From 1960 to 1996, Iceland registered a net outflow, followed by a net inflow until the 2008 banking crisis. During and after the crisis, more Icelanders left the country than immigrated to it.  Following the crisis, Iceland returned to being a country of net immigration.  In 2017, the country’s foreign-born population accounted for 11% of the population and 17% had an immigrant background.  The countries of origin have become more diverse over time, with Polish immigrants composing the largest share in 2017. Foreigners acquiring Icelandic citizenship must have a basic comprehension of the Icelandic language.  The requirement that new citizens modify or change their names to be more Icelandic was dropped in 1996.  The most popular emigration destination was Sweden, followed by Denmark and Norway in 2021.

" + }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "19.98% (male 36,771/female 35,314)" @@ -562,7 +565,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "

Centrist Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]
Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON] 
Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]
People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) [Inga SAELAND]
Pirate Party (Piratar) [Halldora MOGENSEN]
Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON]
Reform Party (Vidreisn) [Thorgerdur Katrin GUNNARSDOTTIR]
Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Logi Mar EINARSSON]

" + "text": "

Centrist Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]
Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON] 
Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]
People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) [Inga SAELAND]
Pirate Party (Piratar) [Thorhildur Sunna AEVARSDOTTIR]
Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON]
Reform Party (Vidreisn) [Thorgerdur Katrin GUNNARSDOTTIR]
Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Kristrun FROSTADOTTIR]

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -1134,9 +1137,6 @@ "Military and security forces": { "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Interior: Icelandic Coast Guard (includes both air and maritime elements); Icelandic National Police (2023)" }, - "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard has approximately 250 personnel (2022)" - }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from mostly European suppliers (2023)" }, diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 3991a98c..b375bec1 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -548,13 +548,13 @@ "text": "Prime Minister Giorgia MELONI (since 22 October 2022); the prime minister's official title is President of the Council of Ministers" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, known officially as the President of the Council of Ministers and locally as the Premier; nominated by the president; the current deputy prime ministers, known officially as vice presidents of the Council of Ministers, are Matteo SALVINI (L) and Luigi Di MAIO (M5S) (since 1 June 2018)" + "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, known officially as the President of the Council of Ministers and locally as the Premier; nominated by the president; the current deputy prime ministers, known officially as vice presidents of the Council of Ministers, are Matteo SALVINI (L) and Antonio TAIANI (FI) (since 22 October 2022)" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24-29 January 2022 (eight rounds) (next to be held in 2029); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by parliament" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) reelected president; electoral college vote count in eighth round - 759 out of 1,009 (505 vote threshold)

2015: Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 995 (505 vote threshold)" + "text": "

2022: Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) reelected president; electoral college vote count in eighth round - 759 out of 1,009 (505 vote threshold)

2015: Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 995 (505 vote threshold)

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "

Action-Italia Viva [Carlo CALENDA and Matteo RENZI]
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad or MAIE [Ricardo Antonio MERIO]
Brothers of Italy or FdI [Giorgia MELONI]
Democratic Party or PD [Enrico LETTA]
Five Star Movement or M5S [Giuseppe CONTE]
Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]
Free and Equal (Liberi e Uguali) or LeU [Pietro GRASSO]
Greens and Left Alliance or AVS [Angelo BONELLI]
Italexit [Gianluigi PARAGONE]]
League or Lega [Matteo SALVINI]
More Europe or +EU [Emma BONINO]
Popular Union or PU [Luigi DE MAGISTRIS]
South calls North or ScN [Cateno DE LUCA] 
South Tyrolean Peoples Party or SVP [Philipp ACHAMMER]
other minor parties

" + "text": "

Action-Italia Viva [Carlo CALENDA and Matteo RENZI]
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad or MAIE [Ricardo Antonio MERIO]
Brothers of Italy or FdI [Giorgia MELONI]
Democratic Party or PD [Elly SCHLEIN]
Five Star Movement or M5S [Giuseppe CONTE]
Forza Italia or FI 
Free and Equal (Liberi e Uguali) or LeU [Pietro GRASSO]
Greens and Left Alliance or AVS [Angelo BONELLI]
Italexit [Gianluigi PARAGONE]]
League or Lega [Matteo SALVINI]
More Europe or +EU [Emma BONINO]
Popular Union or PU [Luigi DE MAGISTRIS]
South calls North or ScN [Cateno DE LUCA] 
South Tyrolean Peoples Party or SVP [Philipp ACHAMMER]
other minor parties

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 518-2154" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
amb.washington@cert.esteri.it

https://ambwashingtondc.esteri.it/ambasciata_washington/en/" + "text": "
washington.ambasciata@esteri.it

https://ambwashingtondc.esteri.it/ambasciata_washington/en/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco" @@ -982,6 +982,26 @@ "text": "8.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "4" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "1.456 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1194,7 +1214,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Italian Armed Forces: Army (Esercito Italiano, EI), Navy (Marina Militare Italiana, MMI; includes aviation, marines), Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana, AMI); Carabinieri Corps (Arma dei Carabinieri, CC) (2023)", - "note": "note 1: the Carabinieri is the national gendarmerie; for its civil police functions, the Carabinieri falls under the control of the Ministry of the Interior

note 2: the Financial Guard (Guardia di Finanza) under the Ministry of Economy and Finance is a force with military status and nationwide remit for financial crime investigations, including narcotics trafficking, smuggling, and illegal immigration" + "note": "note 1: the National Police and Carabinieri (gendarmerie or military police) maintain internal security; the National Police reports to the Ministry of Interior while the Carabinieri reports to the Ministry of Defense but is also under the coordination of the Ministry of Interior; the Carabinieri is primarily a domestic police force organized along military lines, with some overseas responsibilities

note 2: the Financial Guard (Guardia di Finanza) under the Ministry of Economy and Finance is a force with military status and nationwide remit for financial crime investigations, including narcotics trafficking, smuggling, and illegal immigration" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1217,14 +1237,14 @@ "text": "approximately 170,000 active personnel (100,000 Army; 30,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force); approximately 108,000 Carabinieri (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically manufactured, imported, and jointly produced weapons systems, mostly from Europe and the US; the Italian defense industry is capable of producing equipment across all the military domains with particular strengths in naval vessels and aircraft; it also participates in joint development and production of advanced weapons systems with other European countries and the US (2023)" + "text": "the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically manufactured, imported, and jointly produced weapons systems, mostly from Europe and the US; in recent years, the US has been the lead supplier of military hardware to Italy; the Italian defense industry is capable of producing equipment across all the military domains with particular strengths in aircraft, armored vehicles, and naval vessels; it also participates in joint development and production of advanced weapons systems with other European countries and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (some variations on age depending on the military branch); voluntary service is a minimum of 12 months with the option to extend in the Armed Forces or compete for positions in the Military Corps of the Italian Red Cross, the State Police, the Carabinieri, the Guardia di Finanza, the Penitentiary Police, or the National Fire Brigade; recruits can also volunteer for 4 years military service; conscription abolished 2004 (2022)", "note": "note: women may serve in any military branch; as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "120 Djibouti; approximately 700 Bulgaria (NATO); 900 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 640 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 250 Latvia (NATO); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 250 Romania (NATO); 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2022)", + "text": "120 Djibouti; approximately 750 Bulgaria (NATO); approximately 1,000 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 850 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 250 Latvia (NATO); 1,300 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 350 Niger; 250 Romania (NATO); 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2023)", "note": "note: in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Italy, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { @@ -1248,10 +1268,10 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 731,709 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 751,054 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" + "text": "

important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index d1cc92e4..8f25da33 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -407,10 +407,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Stephen DALTON (since 13 March 2017)" + "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Lieutenant Governor Jerry KYD (since 8 October 2022)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Chief Minister John LE FONDRE (since 8 June 2018); Bailiff Timothy Le COCQ (since 17 October 2019)" + "text": "Chief Minister Kristina MOORE (since 12 July 2022); Bailiff Timothy Le COCQ (since 17 October 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed individually by the states" @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ "text": "last held on 22 June 2022 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - BW 71.4%, RJ 20.4%, JA 2%, PP 2%, JLC 4.1%; seats by party - BW 35, RJ 10, JA 1, PP 1, JLC 2; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA" + "text": "percent of vote by party - BW 66.8%, RJ 12.3%, JA 2.0%, PP 2.0%, JLC 4.1%; seats by party - BW 35, RJ 10, JA 1, PP 1, JLC 2; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 35f9a10b..d3bf7357 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Ilir DUGOLLI (since 13 January 2022)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2175 K Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20037" + "text": "3612 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20007" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 450-2130" @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 735-0609" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
https://www.ambasada-ks.net/us/?page=2,1" + "text": "
embassy.usa@rks-gov.net

U.S. Embassies of the Republic of Kosovo (ambasadat.net)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 067280b5..075e00ec 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the telecom market continues to benefit from investment and from regulatory measures aimed at developing 5G and fiber based infrastructure; there is effective competition in the mobile market, with extensive services based on LTE-A technologies to boost data speeds; a large scale 5G deployment is not expected until 2023; in the fixed-line broadband sector, the country is ranked second highest in Europe (after Iceland) for fiber coverage and take-up, closely followed by Lithuania; with this infrastructure in place, the country has also developed a sophisticated digital economy, with e-commerce and e-government services widely available (2021)" + "text": "the telecom market continues to benefit from investment and from regulatory measures aimed at developing 5G and fiber-based infrastructure; there is effective competition in the mobile market; these multi-service operators have focused investment on fiber networks and on expanding the reach of 5G (2023)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line roughly 10 per 100 and mobile-cellular nearly 115 per 100 subscriptions (2021)" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index b1cb5377..e921b290 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -987,6 +987,26 @@ "text": "16.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "2" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1086,7 +1106,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Lithuania’s small telecoms market is among the more advanced in Europe, particularly given the universal access to LTE infrastructure and the extensive fiber footprint; investment has been focused on fiber broadband and mobile network upgrades; fiber is now by far the dominant fixed broadband platform, with the number of DSL and cable connections in steady decline; SIM card penetration is relatively high for the region, with a growing proportion of subscribers being on higher-Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) contract plans; while LTE services are available nationally, operators have made steady investments in 5G; the regulator has helped the network operators to develop 5G by allowing them to repurpose spectrum in the 2.1GHz and 2.4GHz bands; the regulator is expected to complete the auction of spectrum in the 700MHz and 3.4GHz bands later in 2022; service obligations on the licenses include the provision of services to the five main cities by the end of 2023 (2021)" + "text": "Lithuania’s small telecoms market is among the more advanced in Europe, particularly given the universal access to LTE infrastructure and the extensive fiber footprint; investment has been focused on fiber broadband and mobile network upgrades; SIM card penetration is relatively high for the region, with a growing proportion of subscribers being on higher-Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) contract plans; while LTE services are available nationally, operators have made steady investments in 5G; the regulator has helped the network operators to develop 5G by allowing them to repurpose spectrum in the 2.1GHz and 2.4GHz bands; the regulator in mid-2022 completed auctions of spectrum in the 700MHz and 3.4GHz bands; service obligations on the licensees include the provision of services to the five main cities by the end of 2023 (2023)" }, "domestic": { "text": "nearly 10 per 100 for fixed-line subscriptions; mobile-cellular subscriptions at 134 per 100 persons (2021)" @@ -1231,14 +1251,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "77,610 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" + "text": "77,490 (Ukraine) (as of 2 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,720 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

source country for  amphetamine tablets

" + "text": "

source country for amphetamine tablets

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index ee19d302..d65dc7d5 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -975,6 +975,26 @@ "text": "5.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "5 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2.31GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "52.3% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "70.4% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "1" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "2.148 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1199,7 +1219,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "116,718 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" + "text": "117,835 (Ukraine) (as of 11 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,940 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index 91a4bb70..cf129a7b 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -496,17 +496,17 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgericht (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)" + "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Court or Fürstlicher Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges and 5 substitutes); Constitutional Court or Staatsgerichtshof (consists of 5 judges, and 5 alternates)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Court of Appeal or Obergericht (second instance), Court of Justice (first instance), Administrative Court, county courts" + "text": "Court of Appeal (second instance), Regional Court (first instance), Administrative Court, Tribunal Court, district courts" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democrats for Liechtenstein (Demokraten pro Liechtenstein) or DpL [Thomas REHAK]
Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Guenther FRITZ]
Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Thomas BANZER]
The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Pepo FRICK and Conny BUECHEL BRUEHWILER]
The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harald \"Harry\" QUADERER]" + "text": "Democrats for Liechtenstein (Demokraten pro Liechtenstein) or DpL [Thomas REHAK]
Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Thomas ZWIEFELHOFER]
Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Rainer GOPP]
The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Daniel WALSER, Joy WALSER, Mauela HALDNER-SCHIERSCHER, Sebastian MEIER, Stefan BECKER]
The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harald \"Harry\" QUADERER]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO" @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 331-3221" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@embassyli.org

https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/" + "text": "
washington@llv.li

https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 5337b217..d6e4bf8e 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Fred KEUP]
Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Claude WISELER]
Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN]
Green Party [Djuna BERNARD, Meris SEHOVIC]
Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Yves CRUCHTEN]
Pirate Party [Sven CLEMENT, Marc GOERGEN]
The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [collective leadership, Central Committee]" + "text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Fred KEUP]
Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Claude WISELER]
Democratic Party or DP [Lex DELLES]
Green Party [Djuna BERNARD, Meris SEHOVIC]
Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Dan BIANCALANA, Francine CLOSENER]
Pirate Party [Starsky FLOR, Rebecca LAU]
The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [collective leadership, Central Committee]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 328-8270" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "washington.amb@mae.etat.lu
https://washington.mae.lu/en.html" + "text": "
washington.amb@mae.etat.lu

https://washington.mae.lu/en.html" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York, San Francisco" @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,756 (Ukraine) (as of 25 October 2022)" + "text": "5,805 (Ukraine) (as of 1 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "174 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 760d552e..a2c27ea9 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -1237,15 +1237,15 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "33,541 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" + "text": "8,940 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "468 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 30,527 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 30,790 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" + "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index cbcca99e..4c802a7a 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "521 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 553,855 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2023)" + "note": "note: 554,747 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement" diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 232d2b84..4ecf1955 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Monegasque National Union [Brigitte BOCCONE-PAGES] (includes Horizon Monaco, Primo!, Union Monegasque)
Horizon Monaco[Laurent NOUVION]
Priorite Monaco or Primo! [Stephane VALERI]
Union Monegasque [Jean-Francois ROBILLON]" + "text": "Monegasque National Union [Brigitte BOCCONE-PAGES] (includes Horizon Monaco, Primo!, Union Monegasque)
Horizon Monaco [Laurent NOUVION]
Priorite Monaco or Primo! [Stephane VALERI]
Union Monegasque [Jean-Francois ROBILLON]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 244-7656" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "info@monacodc.org
https://monacodc.org/index.html" + "text": "
info@monacodc.org

https://monacodc.org/index.html" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 911f6d73..1e58b520 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -578,13 +578,13 @@ "text": "Ambassador Godfrey C. XUEREB (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" + "text": "2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - The Embassy of Malta has relocated until further notice to the following address due to ongoing refurbishment:

C/O WeWork Flr 2
1333 New Hampshire Ave NW
Washington DC, 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 462-3611; [1] (202) 462-3612" + "text": "[1] (202) 462-3611; note - The Embassy of Malta has relocated until further notice due to ongoing refurbishment and can be reached at the following number:  [1] (202) 286-4610" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 387-5470" + "text": "[1] (202) 387-5470; note - The Embassy of Malta has relocated until further notice due to ongoing refurbishment and can be reached by FAX at the following number:  [1] (202) 530-9753​" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
maltaembassy.washington@gov.mt

https://foreignandeu.gov.mt/en/Embassies/ME_United_States/Pages/ME_United_States.aspx" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index e63736f4..5a7b76c0 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -572,10 +572,10 @@ "text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:
Senate or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2023)
House of Representatives - last held on 15-17 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2025)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 30 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2027)
House of Representatives - last held on 15-17 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - VVD 16%, CDA 12%, GL 10.7%, D66 9.3%, PvdA 8%, PVV 6.7%, SP 5.3%, CU 5.3%, PvdD 4%, SGP 2.7%, 50Plus 2.7%, FvD 1.3%, other 16%; seats by party - VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, PvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, PvdD 3, SGP 2, 50Plus 2, FvD 1, other 12; composition (as of September 2021) - men 52, women 23, percent of women 30.7%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.9%, D66 15%, PVV 10.8%, CDA 9.5%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, GL 5.2%, FvD 5%, PvdD 3.8%, CU 3.4%, other 13.7%; seats by party - VVD 34, D66 24, PVV 17, CDA 15, GL 8, FvD 8, PvdD 6, PvdA 9, SP 9, CU 5, Denk 3, SGP 3, 50 Plus 1, other 6; composition (as of September 2021) - men 89, women 61, percent of women 40.7%; note - total States General percent of women 37.3%" + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - BBB 21.3%, VVD 13.3%, GL 9.3%, PvdA 9.3%, CDA 8.0%, D66 6.7%, PVV 5.3%, SP 4.0%, CU 4.0%, PvdD 4.0%, JA21 4.0%, Volt 2.7%, SGP 2.7%,  FvD 2.7%, other 2.6%; seats by party - BBB 16, VVD 10, GL 7, PvdA 7, CDA 6, D66 5, PVV 4, SP 3, CU 3, PvdD 3, JA21 3, Volt 2, SGP 2, FvD 2 other 2; composition (as of May 2023) - men 45, women 30, percent of women 40%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.9%, D66 15%, PVV 10.8%, CDA 9.5%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, GL 5.2%, FvD 5%, PvdD 3.8%, CU 3.4%, other 13.7%; seats by party - VVD 34, D66 24, PVV 17, CDA 15, GL 8, FvD 8, PvdD 6, PvdA 9, SP 9, CU 5, Denk 3, SGP 3, 50 Plus 1, other 6; composition (as of September 2021) - men 89, women 61, percent of women 40.7%; note - total States General percent of women 37.3%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Wopke HOEKSTRA]
Christian Union or CU [Gert-Jan SEGERS]
Democrats 66 or D66 [Sigrid KAAG]
Denk [Farid AZARKAN]
50Plus [Martin van ROOIJEN]
Forum for Democracy or FvD [Thierry BAUDET]
Green Left (GroenLinks) or GL [Jesse KLAVER]
Labor Party or PvdA (Attje KUIKEN)
Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]
Party for the Animals or PvdD [Esther OUWENHAND]
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE]
Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]
Socialist Party or SP [Lilian MARIJNISSEN]" + "text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Wopke HOEKSTRA]
Christian Union or CU [Mirjam BIKKER]
Correct Answer 2021 or JA21 [Joost EDERMANS]
Democrats 66 or D66 [Sigrid KAAG]
Denk [Farid AZARKAN]
Farmer-Citizen Movement or BBB [Caroline van der PLAS]
50Plus [Martin van ROOIJEN]
Forum for Democracy or FvD [Thierry BAUDET]
Green Left (GroenLinks) or GL [Jesse KLAVER]
Labor Party or PvdA (Attje KUIKEN)
Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]
Party for the Animals or PvdD [Esther OUWENHAND]
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE]
Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]
Socialist Party or SP [Lilian MARIJNISSEN]
Volt Netherlands or Volt [Laurens DASSEN]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 362-3430" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
https://www.netherlandsworldwide.nl/countries/united-states/about-us/embassy-in-washington-dc" + "text": "
was@minbuza.nl

https://www.netherlandsworldwide.nl/countries/united-states/about-us/embassy-in-washington-dc" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Chicago, Miami, New York, San Francisco" @@ -987,6 +987,26 @@ "text": "8.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0.48GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "3.1% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "3% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "1.879 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1242,14 +1262,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "53,496 (Syria), 19,204 (Eritrea), 7,106 (Turkey), 5,593 (Iran), 5,152 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 79,250 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" + "text": "53,496 (Syria), 19,204 (Eritrea), 7,106 (Turkey), 5,593 (Iran), 5,152 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 94,380 (Ukraine) (as of 26 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "4,570 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a significant transit country for illicit drugs, especially cocaine from South America destined for Europe; one of the largest sources of synthetic drugs for international markets; numerous methamphetamine laboratories; traffickers use postage companies to send cocaine, ecstasy or methamphetamines to global customers

" + "text": "

a major transit hub for illicit substances, especially cocaine from South and Central America and methamphetamine from Mexico; homegrown synthetic drug makers and illegal chemical precursor manufacturers selling dangerous drugs, including synthetic opioids, via the internet to customers in the United States and worldwide

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 0a45757f..26602c8c 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)" }, + "Demographic profile": { + "text": "

Norway is a trendsetter country in gender equality, especially in workforce participation.  Of particular value to families are the child and parental leave benefits.  This supplement is a monthly allowance paid to families from a month after birth until the child reaches 18 to defray some of the costs of raising children.  This is helpful to families with young children where the mother works limited hours.  The parental leave benefit is available to qualified mothers in a child’s first year, enabling parents to share at-home childcare for up to 49 weeks at full salary (or 59 weeks with 80% of their salary).  Afterward, parents can put their child in high-quality subsidized daycare or receive funding toward private child care or as compensation for one parent staying home to care for their child.

Norway was originally a country of emigration with almost 850,000 Norwegians going abroad between 1825 and 1945.  At the turn of the 20th century, most Norwegians emigrated temporarily to work in the US.  Immigrants to Norway in the 1960s were mostly from neighboring Nordic countries, with whom they shared a common labor market.  By the end of the 1960s, with a strong economy and population shortage, Norway admitted guest workers from Pakistan, Morocco, then Yugoslavia, and Turkey.  The labor migrants were expected to be temporary, but many settled in Norway.  Eventually, Norway imposed immigration restrictions and the majority of migrants came in as refugees or for family reunification.  Beginning in the 1990s, Norway’s migration policy aimed at achieving integration – including language instruction and integration into the job market – as well as combatting racism and xenophobia.

" + }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "17.83% (male 510,835/female 487,126)" @@ -547,7 +550,7 @@ "text": "King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (son of the monarch, born 20 July 1973)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021); note - Prime Minister Erna SOLBERG resigned on 12 October 2021" + "text": "Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament" @@ -579,7 +582,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "

Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Olaug Vervik BOLLESTAD]
Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
Green Party or MDG [Une Aina BASTHOLM] 
Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]
Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]
Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG]
Red Party or R [Bjonar MOXNES]
Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]

" + "text": "

Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Olaug Vervik BOLLESTAD]
Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
Green Party or MDG [Arild HERMSTAD] 
Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]
Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]
Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG]
Red Party or R [Bjonar MOXNES]
Socialist Left Party or SV [Kristi BERGSTO]

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -598,7 +601,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 469-3990" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
emb.washington@mfa.no
https://www.norway.no/en/usa/" + "text": "
emb.washington@mfa.no

https://www.norway.no/en/usa/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Houston, New York, San Francisco" @@ -1216,7 +1219,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 47,850 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" + "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 47,890 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,901 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 112d3670..1ebb4d91 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation" }, "election results": { - "text": "2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%

2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%" + "text": "

2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%

2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 499-1700" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 328-2152" + "text": "[1] (202) 328-2152; [1] (202) 328-6271" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
washington.amb.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl

https://www.gov.pl/web/usa-en/embassy-washington" @@ -1268,14 +1268,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "1,605,738 (Ukraine) (as of 22 May 2023)" + "text": "1,615,825 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,435 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

source country for amphetamines

" + "text": "

a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 01aba628..8d7adc6d 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2021 (next to be held in January 2026); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 3.9%, other 6.2%

2016: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8%" + "text": "

2021: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 3.9%, other 6.2%

2016: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8%

 

" }, "note": "note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president" }, @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Alliance (2022 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM)
Democratic and Social Center/People's Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Nuno MELO]
Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]
Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA]
Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL [Joao COTRIM DE FIGUEIREDO]
Madeira First (2022 electoral alliance in Madeira, includes PSD, CDS-PP)
People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Ines SOUSA REAL]
People's Monarchist Party or PPM [Gonçalo DA CAMARA PEREIRA]
Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD [Luis MONTENEGRO] (formerly the Partido Popular Democratico or PPD)
Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA]
The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]
Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)" + "text": "Democratic Alliance (2022 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM)
Democratic and Social Center/People's Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Nuno MELO]
Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]
Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA]
Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL [Joao COTRIM DE FIGUEIREDO]
Madeira First (2022 electoral alliance in Madeira, includes PSD, CDS-PP)
People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Ines SOUSA REAL]
People's Monarchist Party or PPM [Gonçalo DA CAMARA PEREIRA]
Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD [Luis MONTENEGRO] (formerly the Partido Popular Democratico or PPD)
Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Paulo RAIMUNDO]
The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]
Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -592,13 +592,13 @@ "text": "2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 350-5400; [1] (202) 332-3007" + "text": "[1] (202) 350-5400" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 462-3726; [1] (202) 387-2768" + "text": "[1] (202) 462-3726" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info.washington@mne.pt; sconsular.washington@mne.pt
https://washingtondc.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/" + "text": "
info.washington@mne.pt

https://washingtondc.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Boston, Newark (NJ), New York, San Francisco" @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "58,242 (Ukraine) (as of 26 February 2023)" + "text": "58,275 (Ukraine) (as of 4 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "55 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 200a8210..385035a4 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -621,10 +621,10 @@ "text": "Ambassador Marko DJURIC (since 18 January 2021)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2233 Wisconsin Ave NW, Suite 410, Washington, DC 20007" + "text": "1333 16th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 332-0333" + "text": "[1] (202) 507-8654; [1] (202) 332-0333" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 332-3933" @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,594 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 961,647 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 965,337 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2023)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" + "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 4c297424..659e0066 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ "text": "President Klaus Werner IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Nicolae CIUCA (since 25 November 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Sorin GRINDEANU (since 25 November 2021) and Hunor KELEMEN (since 23 December 2020)" + "text": "Interim Prime Minister Catalin PREDOIU (since 12 June 2023); Deputy Prime Ministers Sorin GRINDEANU (since 25 November 2021) and Hunor KELEMEN (since 23 December 2020)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" @@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 232-4748" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington@mae.ro (chancery)
contact@informatiiconsulare.ro (consular section)

https://washington.mae.ro/en" + "text": "
washington@mae.ro; office@roembus.org

Embassy of Romania - Washington, DC (roembus.org)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York" @@ -993,6 +993,26 @@ "text": "0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.3GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "18.5% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "12.9% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "15.002 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1244,12 +1264,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "94,179 (Ukraine) (as of 20 May 2023)" + "text": "138,850 (Ukraine) (as of 11 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "297 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 13,748 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 14,050 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

a source country for cannabis

" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 4128b686..d325810e 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 386-6633" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
vwa@gov.si

http://www.washington.embassy.si/index.php?id=51&L=1" + "text": "
sloembassy.washington@gov.si

http://www.washington.embassy.si/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Cleveland (OH)" @@ -969,6 +969,26 @@ "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0.69GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "36.9% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "40.6% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "3.175 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1207,7 +1227,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,477 (Ukraine) (as of 22 May 2023)" + "text": "9,370 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index c61d3e8f..10e64af8 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -512,16 +512,16 @@ "text": "Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022; Embassy address: 1711 North Street NW (2nd Floor), Washington, DC 22036" + "text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (212) 751-1234
[1] (202) 223-24l8
[1] (202) 751-1436" + "text": "[1] (212) 751-1234" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (212) 751-1436" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
sanmarinoun@gmail.com" + "text": "
smrassistant@gmail.com

Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index b695e6d7..b3cce3f4 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -556,13 +556,13 @@ "text": "King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR, Princess of Asturias (daughter of the monarch, born 31 October 2005)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President of the Government (Prime Minister-equivalent) Pedro SANCHEZ PEREZ-CASTEJON (since 2 June 2018); Vice President (and Minister of the President's Office) Maria del Carmen CALVO POYATO (since 7 June 2018)" + "text": "President of the Government (Prime Minister-equivalent) Pedro SANCHEZ PEREZ-CASTEJON (since 2 June 2018); Vice President Nadia Maria CALVINO Santamaria (since 12 July 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers designated by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes as president the leader of the party or coalition with the largest number of seats, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; election last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held November 2023); vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president" + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes as president the leader of the party or coalition with the largest number of seats, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; election last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held December 2023); vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of National Assembly vote - NA" @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON]
Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu [Arnaldo OTEGI] (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties)
Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR]
Canarian Coalition or CC [Fernando Clavijo BATLLE] (coalition of 5 parties)
Ciudadanos Party (Citizens Party) or Cs [Ines ARRIMADAS]
Compromis - Compromise Coalition [Enric MORERA i Català]
Together for Catalonia or JuntsxCat [Laura BORRAS]
People's Party or PP [Pablo CASADO]
Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS]
Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ]
Teruel Existe or TE [Tomas GUITARTE]
Unidas Podemos (United We Can) or UP [Ione BELARRA] (formerly Podemos IU; electoral coalition formed for May 2016 election)
Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA]
Vox or VOX [Santiago ABASCAL]" + "text": "Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON]
Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu [Arnaldo OTEGI] (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties)
Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR]
Canarian Coalition or CC [Fernando Clavijo BATLLE] (coalition of 5 parties)
Ciudadanos Party (Citizens Party) or Cs [Adrian Vazquez LAZARA]
Compromis - Compromise Coalition [Enric MORERA i Català]
Together for Catalonia or JuntsxCat [Laura BORRAS]
People's Party or PP [Albert Nunez FEIJOO]
Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS]
Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ]
Teruel Existe or TE [Tomas GUITARTE]
Unidas Podemos (United We Can) or UP [Ione BELARRA] (formerly Podemos IU; electoral coalition formed for May 2016 election)
Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA]
Vox or VOX [Santiago ABASCAL]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 833-5670" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
emb.washington@maec.es
http://www.exteriores.gob.es/embajadas/washington/en/pages/inicio2.aspx" + "text": "
emb.washington@maec.es

https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/washington/en/Paginas/index.aspx" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" @@ -992,6 +992,26 @@ "text": "2.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "7 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "7.12GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "21.38% (2016)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "33.2% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "1" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "546,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1250,15 +1270,15 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 177,228 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" + "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 178,580 (Ukraine) (as of 5 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,489 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 287,115 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 289,173 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-June 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the US" + "text": "

a primary European transit point for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection or altered to escape detection Spanish chemists reconstitute it and distribute to Europe; minor domestic drug production; synthetic drugs, including ketamine, new psychoactive substances (NPS), and MDMA transit from Spain to the United States

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index c5aa1e31..3c1258c7 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -137,6 +137,9 @@ "text": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 57.6%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 33.5% (2019 est.)", "note": "note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden" }, + "Demographic profile": { + "text": "

Sweden, the largest Nordic country in terms of size and population, is also Europe’s most sparsely populated.  Most Swedish men and women agree that both partners should contribute to household income. Swedish society is very gender equal, which is reflected in the country’s public policies.  A generous leave policy and high-quality subsidized childcare allows mothers and fathers to balance work and family life. Sweden’s income-replacement-based parental leave policy encourages women to establish themselves in the workforce before having children.  In fact, Swedish women have one of the highest labor participation rates in Europe and one of its highest total fertility rates (TFR), the number of children women have in their lifetime.  Postponement of parenthood has increased steadily.  Since the late 1960s, marriage and divorce rates have declined, while non-marital cohabitation and births out of wedlock have increased rapidly. Sweden’s TFR has hovered for decades around 2, which is close to replacement level and among Europe’s highest.

Sweden experienced “the great emigration” between 1850 and the 1930s when, faced with famines, approximately 1.5 million Swedes sought a better life in the Americas and Australia.  However, since World War II, Sweden has been a country of immigration. During World War II, thousands of refugees from neighboring countries worked in Swedish factories, agriculture, and forestry, replacing Swedish men who were called up for military service.  During the 1950s and 1960s, Sweden joined the Geneva Convention and granted permanent residence to refugees from the USSR and the Warsaw Pact countries. During this period, Sweden also welcomed labor migrants, mainly from Finland and other Nordic countries, who bolstered the tax base needed to fund the country’s welfare programs.

Until 1971, labor migrants, particularly from Finland, southern Europe (including then Yugoslavia, Italy, and Greece) the Baltics, and Turkey, came to Sweden as its industries flourished.  Companies recruited many of the workers, but others came on their own. Sweden’s labor demand eventually decreased, and the job market became saturated. The government restricted the flow of labor migrants, putting an end to labor migration from non-Nordic countries in 1972. From then until the 1990s, inflows consisted largely of asylum seekers from the Middle East, the Balkans, and South America, as well as persons looking to reunite with family members already in Sweden.  The country began a new era of labor immigration in 2008, as companies were encouraged to hire non-EU workers.  Among the largest source countries have been India, Thailand, and China. As of 2020, over a quarter of Sweden’s population had a migrant background.

" + }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "17.26% (male 936,274/female 882,347)" @@ -583,7 +586,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Annie LOOF resigned on 15 September 2022]
Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Ebba BUSCH]
Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP [Marta STEVENI and Per BOLUND]
Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V [Nooshi DADGOSTAR]
Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Ulf KRISTERSSON]
Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]
Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP [Magdalena ANDERSSON]
The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L [Johan PEHRSON]" + "text": "Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Muharrem DEMIROK]
Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Ebba BUSCH]
Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP [Marta STEVENI and Per BOLUND]
Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V [Nooshi DADGOSTAR]
Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Ulf KRISTERSSON]
Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]
Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP [Magdalena ANDERSSON]
The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L [Johan PEHRSON]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -980,6 +983,26 @@ "text": "6.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "6 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "6.94GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "30.8% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "34% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "4" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "1.07 million metric tons (2020 est.)" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index affd9d10..c88694e9 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 8 December 2022 (next to be held in December 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022:  Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD (The Center) elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223

2021: Ignazio CASSIS elected president for 2022; Federal Assembly vote - Ignazio CASSIS (FDP.The Liberals) 156 of 197 votes; Alain BERSET (SP) elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 158 of 204

2020: Guy PARMELIN elected president for 2021; Federal Assembly vote - Guy PARMELIN (SVP) 188 of 202 votes; Ignazio CASSIS (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 162 of 191" + "text": "

2022:  Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD (The Center) elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223

2021: Ignazio CASSIS elected president for 2022; Federal Assembly vote - Ignazio CASSIS (FDP.The Liberals) 156 of 197 votes; Alain BERSET (SP) elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 158 of 204

2020: Guy PARMELIN elected president for 2021; Federal Assembly vote - Guy PARMELIN (SVP) 188 of 202 votes; Ignazio CASSIS (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 162 of 191

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -573,10 +573,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:
Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in two-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons, which use list proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)
National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 194 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)
National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held on 31 October 2023)" + "text": "
Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)
National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held on 22 October 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - The Center 13, FDP.The Liberals 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, SVP 6, other 1; composition (as of mid-2022) - men 33, women 13, percent of women 28.3%
National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 26.5%, SP 19.5%, FDP.The Liberals 15.1%, Green Party 14%, The Center 14%, GLP 7.8%, other 3.5%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP.The Liberals 29, Green Party 28, The Center 28, GLP 16, other 7; composition (as of mid-2022) - men 115, women 85, percent of women 42.5%; note - overall Federal Assembly percent of women 39.8%" + "text": "
Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - The Center 14, FDP.The Liberals 12, SP 7, Green Party 5, SVP 7, other 1; composition (as of mid-2023) - men 34, women 12, percent of women 26.1%
National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP.The Liberals 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, The Center 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 4.5%; seats by party - SVP 55, SP 39, FDP.The Liberals 29, Green Party 30, The Center 31, GLP 16; composition (as of mid-2023) - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42.5%; note - overall Federal Assembly percent of women 41.5%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Juerg GROSSEN]
Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Balthasar GLATTLI]
Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Cedric WERMUTH and Mattea MEYER]
Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Marco CHIESA]
The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) [Gerhard PFISTER] (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)
The Liberals or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Petra GOESSI]
other minor parties" + "text": "Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Juerg GROSSEN]
Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Balthasar GLATTLI]
Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Cedric WERMUTH and Mattea MEYER]
Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Marco CHIESA]
The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) [Gerhard PFISTER] (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)
The Liberals or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Thierry BURKART]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Jacques Henri PITTELOUD (since 16 September 2019)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20007-4105" + "text": "2900 Cathedral Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 745-7900" @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 387-2564" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington@eda.admin.ch
https://www.eda.admin.ch/washington" + "text": "
washington@eda.admin.ch

https://www.eda.admin.ch/washington" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Chicago, New York, San Francisco" @@ -994,6 +994,26 @@ "text": "4.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "4 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2.97GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "28.8% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "34.2% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "1" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1240,14 +1260,14 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,601 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" + "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 81,470 (Ukraine) (as of 2 June 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "891 (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics; a significant importer and exporter of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine" + "text": "

major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics; a significant importer and exporter of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine;

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 429baaac..0373f65b 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister; election last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)" + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister; election last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held no later than 28 January 2025)" }, "note": "note: in addition to serving as the UK head of state, the British sovereign is the constitutional monarch for 14 additional Commonwealth countries (these 15 states are each referred to as a Commonwealth realm)


" }, @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of October 2021, 787 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 673 life peers, 88 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence
House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)
House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)" + "text": "
House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)
House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held no later than 28 January 2025)" }, "election results": { "text": "
House of Lords - composition - men 554, women 222, percent of women 28.6%
House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 54.9%, Labor 30.8%, SNP 6.8%, Lib Dems 2.2%, DUP 1.2%, Sinn Fein 1.1%, Plaid Cymru .6%, other 2.5%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 5; composition - men 425, women 225, percent of women 34.6%; total Parliament percent of women 31.3%" @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] 
Conservative and Unionist Party [Rishi SUNAK]
Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Jeffrey DONALDSON]
Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Carla DENYER and Adrian RAMSAY]
Labor (Labour) Party [Sir Keir STARMER]
Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Sir Ed DAVEY]
Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru)
Scottish National Party or SNP [Humza YUSAF]
Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD]
Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD]
UK Independence Party or UKIP [Neil HAMILTON]
Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Doug BEATTIE]" + "text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] 
Conservative and Unionist Party [Rishi SUNAK]
Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Sir Jeffrey DONALDSON]
Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Carla DENYER and Adrian RAMSAY]
Labor (Labour) Party [Sir Keir STARMER]
Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Sir Ed DAVEY]
Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Llyr GRUFFYDD]
Scottish National Party or SNP [Humza YOUSAF]
Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD]
Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD]
UK Independence Party or UKIP [Neil HAMILTON]
Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Doug BEATTIE]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNSOM, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 588-7870" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "britishembassyenquiries@gmail.com
https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-washington" + "text": "
britishembassyenquiries@gmail.com

https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-washington" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco" @@ -984,6 +984,26 @@ "text": "15% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "9 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "2" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "5.88GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "14.8% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "8% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "8" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "2.892 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1255,7 +1275,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

consumer and transit country for illicit drugs; cocaine and heroin consumption rates among Europe’s highest; criminal organizations engage in domestic drug trafficking and financial crimes; drug use remains linked to serious violence; major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" + "text": "

a major consumer and transshipment point, though not a source, for illicit drugs; among the highest consumer of heroin and cocaine in Europe; one of the largest markets for cannabis; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 6357b2b8..c4a1819c 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine overwhelmingly voted for independence in 1991 around the time of the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control, patronage politics, and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 and early 2005 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in legislative (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement and fed up with blatant corruption led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel beginning an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 with the aim of ending the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements, but this effort failed as well. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by launching a full-scale invasion of the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 23 May 2023, approximately 21.92 million people had fled Ukraine, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  More than 23,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 7 May 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

The Ukrainian people continue to fiercely resist Russia’s full-scale invasion, which has targeted civilian and critical infrastructure - including energy - to try to break the Ukrainian will. President ZELENSKYY has focused on the civic identity of Ukrainians, regardless of ethnic or linguistic background, to unite the country behind the goals of ending the war by regaining as much territory as possible and advancing Ukraine’s candidacy for membership in the European Union (EU). Support for joining the EU and NATO has grown significantly, overcoming the historical, and sometimes artificial, divide between eastern and western Ukraine.

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine overwhelmingly voted for independence in 1991 around the time of the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control, patronage politics, and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 and early 2005 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in legislative (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement and fed up with blatant corruption led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel beginning an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 with the aim of ending the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements, but this effort failed as well. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by launching a full-scale invasion of the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 6 June 2023, there were 6.28 million Ukrainian refugees recorded globally, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  More than 23,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 7 May 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

The Ukrainian people continue to fiercely resist Russia’s full-scale invasion, which has targeted civilian and critical infrastructure - including energy - to try to break the Ukrainian will. President ZELENSKYY has focused on the civic identity of Ukrainians, regardless of ethnic or linguistic background, to unite the country behind the goals of ending the war by regaining as much territory as possible and advancing Ukraine’s candidacy for membership in the European Union (EU). Support for joining the EU and NATO has grown significantly, overcoming the historical, and sometimes artificial, divide between eastern and western Ukraine.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Oksana Serhiyivna MARKAROVA (since 7 July 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Oksana MARKAROVA (since 7 July 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 333-0817" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
emb_us@mfa.gov.ua; consul_us@mfa.gov.ua

https://usa.mfa.gov.ua/en" + "text": "
emb_us@mfa.gov.ua

https://usa.mfa.gov.ua/en" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, New York, San Francisco" @@ -1004,6 +1004,24 @@ "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "15 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "2" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "13.11GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "53.9% (2019)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "37% (2021)" + }, + "note": "note - This information does not take into account the effects from the current conflict in Ukraine and should be considered the prewar status" + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "23.908 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1268,7 +1286,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit country for illicit drug trafficking into the European Union due to its location amidst several important trafficking routes into western Europe, ports on the Black and Azov seas, extensive river routes, and porous northern and eastern borders; South American cocaine moves through Ukrainian seaports and airports; amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories supply the local market

" + "text": "

a transit country for non-domestically produced drugs, such as cocaine and heroin, bound for consumer markets in the European Union and Russia; overland corridors for the movement of these drugs exists, but Ukraine’s southern ports on the Black Sea, notably Odesa and Pivdennyi, are disrupted due to the war;  domestically produced amphetamine, methamphetamine, methadone, alpha-PVP, and new psychoactive substances (NPS) remain threats to Ukrainian society; production and consumption of cannabis remains significant" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 25f0b277..7b7ae5f3 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Yusif bin Mani Said Ahmed al UTAYBA (since 28 July 2008)" + "text": "Ambassador Yousef Al Otaiba (since 28 July 2008)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 243-2400" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 243-2432" + "text": "[1] (202) 243-2408" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
info@uaeembassy-usa.org

https://www.uae-embassy.org/" @@ -959,6 +959,26 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "3 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "4.01GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "1.3% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0.17% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1203,7 +1223,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a transshipment point for illegal narcotics and a pass-through for drug proceeds; numerous exchange houses and general trading companies increase potential for money laundering; major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics" + "text": "major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index eb6f222a..97850b7f 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -969,6 +969,26 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0.42GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "25.3% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "52.3% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1192,7 +1212,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a transit country for illicit drugs with its location between source countries Afghanistan and Iran and the markets of Europe and Russia

" + "text": "

a transit country for illicit drugs with its location between source countries Afghanistan and Iran and the markets of Europe and Russia.

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index ff368ed1..756660ac 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -1180,7 +1180,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Georgian Defense Forces: Land Forces (includes Aviation and Air Defense Forces), Special Operations Forces, National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Border Police, Coast Guard (includes Georgian naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2022)" + "text": "Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG; aka Georgian Defense Forces or GDF): Ground Forces, Air Force, National Guard, Special Operations Forces, National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Border Police, Coast Guard (includes Georgian naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2023)", + "note": "note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs also has forces for protecting strategic infrastructure and conducting special operations" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1204,14 +1205,14 @@ "note": "note: in December 2020, the Parliament of Georgia adopted a resolution determining that the Georgian Defense Forces would have maximum peacetime strength of 37,000 troops" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, although in recent years it has received armaments from a number of European countries, as well as Israel and the US (2022)" + "text": "the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, although in recent years it has received armaments from a number of European countries, as well as the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2023)", "note": "note 1: approximately 6-7,000 individuals are called up annually for conscription for service; approximately 25% enter the Defense Forces, while the remainder serve in the Ministry of Internal Affairs or as prison guards in the Ministry of Corrections

note 2: as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "as of 2022, up to 10,000 Russian troops continued to occupy the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia" + "text": "Russian troops continue to occupy the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1230,7 +1231,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

located on a major drug trafficking route where Southwest Asian opium, heroin and precursor chemicals are transported; marijuana trafficking increased

" + "text": "

a transit country for opiates produced in Asia trafficked into Ukraine or Moldova via the Black Sea for other European destinations; not a major corridor for synthetic drug smuggling operations; domestic synthetic market for ecstasy/MDMA, amphetamines, and cannabis with ecstasy laced with fentanyl the drug of choice

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index 62314697..3ae02614 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ "text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 18 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021: Ebrahim RAISI elected president; percent of vote - Ebrahim RAISI (independent) 72.4%, Mohsen REZAI (RFII) 13.8%, Abbdolnaser HEMATI (ECP) 9.8%, Amir-Hosein Qazizadeh-HASHEMI (Islamic Law Party) 4%

2017: Hasan Fereidun RUHANI reelected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun RUHANI (Moderation and Development Party) 58.8%, Ebrahim RAISI (Combat Clergy Association) 39.4% , Mostafa Mir-SALIM Islamic Coalition Party) 1.2%, Mostafa HASHEMI-TABA (Executives of Construction Party) 0.5%" + "text": "

2021: Ebrahim RAISI elected president; percent of vote - Ebrahim RAISI (independent) 72.4%, Mohsen REZAI (RFII) 13.8%, Abbdolnaser HEMATI (ECP) 9.8%, Amir-Hosein Qazizadeh-HASHEMI (Islamic Law Party) 4%

2017: Hasan Fereidun RUHANI reelected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun RUHANI (Moderation and Development Party) 58.8%, Ebrahim RAISI (Combat Clergy Association) 39.4% , Mostafa Mir-SALIM Islamic Coalition Party) 1.2%, Mostafa HASHEMI-TABA (Executives of Construction Party) 0.5%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Embassy of Pakistan, 1250 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073; info@daftar.org" + "text": "none; Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Embassy of Pakistan, 1250 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073; email:  requests@daftar.org; info@daftarwashington.com; website:  https://daftar.org/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -954,6 +954,26 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0.92GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0.1% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0.19% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "2.783 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1188,7 +1208,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 550-600,000 active armed forces personnel; approximately 400,000 Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (350,000 Ground Forces; 18,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force/Air Defense Forces); approximately 150-190,000 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (100-150,000 Ground Forces; 20,000 Navy; 15,000 Aerospace Force; 5-15,000 Qods Force); estimated 90,000 active Basij Paramilitary Forces (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Iranian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and mostly older foreign equipment largely of Chinese, Russian, Soviet, and US origin (US equipment acquired prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1979); Iran has also received some military equipment from North Korea, including midget submarines and ballistic missiles; Iran has a defense industry with the capacity to develop, produce, support, and sustain air, land, missile, and naval weapons programs (2022)" + "text": "the Iranian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and mostly older foreign equipment largely of Chinese, Russian, Soviet, and US origin (US equipment acquired prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1979); it also has some military equipment from North Korea, including midget submarines and ballistic missiles; in recent years, Iran has received some newer equipment from Russia; Iran has a defense industry with the capacity to develop, produce, support, and sustain air, land, missile, and naval weapons programs (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "military service is compulsory for all Iranian males 18/19 to approximately age 40; 16 for voluntary military service (may be as low as 15 for the Basij); conscript military service obligation is 18-24 months, depending on the location of service (soldiers serving in places of high security risk and deprived areas serve shorter terms); women exempt from military service (2023)", @@ -1232,7 +1252,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

significant transit and destination country for opiates and cannabis products mainly from Afghanistan; produces and consumes methamphetamine and traffics it to  international markets; one of the primary transshipment routes for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe

" + "text": "significant transit and destination country for opiates and cannabis products mainly from Afghanistan and Pakistan; produces and consumes methamphetamine and traffics it to  international markets; one of the primary transshipment routes for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; opium and cannabis most widely used drugs domestically along with increase in crystal methamphetamine" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 5d3b4a4a..b4e6403b 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a single 7-year term; election last held on 2 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2028); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a new government" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021: Isaac HERZOG elected president; Knesset vote - Isaac HERZOG (independent) 87, Miriam PERETZ (independent) 26, invalid/blank 7" + "text": "

2021: Isaac HERZOG elected president; Knesset vote - Isaac HERZOG (independent) 87, Miriam PERETZ (independent) 26, invalid/blank 7

2014: Reuven RIVLIN elected president in second round; Knesset vote - Reuven RIVLIN (Likud) 63, Meir SHEETRIT (The Movement) 53, other/invalid 4

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1163,18 +1163,18 @@ }, "Railways": { "total": { - "text": "1,384 km (2019) (2019)" + "text": "1,497 km (2021) (2019)" }, "standard gauge": { - "text": "1,384 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge" + "text": "1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge" } }, "Roadways": { "total": { - "text": "19,555 km (2017)" + "text": "20,391 km (2021)" }, "paved": { - "text": "19,555 km (2017) (includes 449 km of expressways)" + "text": "20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)" } }, "Merchant marine": { @@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ "text": "approximately 173,000 active duty personnel (130,000 Ground Forces; 9,000 Naval; 34,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the majority of the IDF's inventory is comprised of weapons that are domestically produced or imported from Europe and the US; the US has been the leading supplier of arms; Israel has a broad defense industrial base that can develop, produce, support, and sustain a wide variety of weapons systems for both domestic use and export, particularly armored vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, air defense, and guided missiles (2022)" + "text": "the majority of the IDF's inventory is comprised of weapons that are domestically produced or imported from Europe and the US; the US has been the leading supplier of arms in recent years; Israel has a broad defense industrial base that can develop, produce, support, and sustain a wide variety of weapons systems for both domestic use and export, particularly armored vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, air defense, and guided missiles (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; Jews and Druze can be conscripted; Christians, Circassians, and Muslims may volunteer; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation is 32 months for enlisted men and about 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation); officers serve 48 months; Air Force pilots commit to 9 years of service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2023)", diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 4703fa79..aab93f9f 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -614,16 +614,16 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Salwan Rasheed Anjo ANJO (since 27 June 2022)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "3421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" + "text": "1801 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 742-1600" + "text": "[1] (202) 483-7500" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 333-1129" + "text": "[1] (202) 462-8815" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
http://www.iraqiembassy.us/" + "text": "
washington@scrdiraq.gov.iq

https://www.iraqiembassy.us/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Detroit, Los Angeles" @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 200,000 personnel under the Ministry of Defense (190,000 Army/Aviation Command/Special Forces; 5,000 Navy; 5,000 Air/Air Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 National-Level Security Forces; Ministry of Peshmerga: approximately 150,000-plus (45-50,000 Regional Guard Brigades; 40-45,000 Unit 70 Forces; 65-70,000 Unit 80 Forces); estimated 100-160,000 Popular Mobilization Forces (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Iraqi military's inventory includes a mix of equipment from a wide variety of sources, including Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, and the US; in recent years, Russia and the US have been the leading suppliers of military hardware to Iraq (2022)" + "text": "the Iraqi military's inventory includes a mix of equipment from a wide variety of sources, including Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, and the US; in recent years, Russia and the US have been the leading suppliers of military hardware to Iraq (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)", @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "7,864 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 261,929 (Syria), 8,479 (Iran), 8,221 (Turkey) (2023)" + "text": "7,864 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 274,724 (Syria), 8,479 (Iran), 8,221 (Turkey) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.17 million (displacement in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2023)" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 7099d520..ddfde69b 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ "text": "approximately 94,500 active duty armed forces personnel (80,000 Army; 14,000 Air Force; 500 Coast Guard); approximately 15,000 Gendarmerie Forces (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the JAF inventory is comprised of a wide mix of imported equipment from Europe, some Gulf States, Russia, and the US; in recent years, the Netherlands and the US have been the leading suppliers (2022)" + "text": "the JAF inventory is comprised of a wide mix of imported equipment from Europe, some Gulf States, Russia, and the US; in recent years, the Netherlands and the US have been the leading suppliers (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service for men (women can volunteer to serve in noncombat military positions in the Royal Jordanian Arab Army Women's Corps and RJAF); initial service term is 24 months, with option to reenlist for up to 18 years; conscription was abolished in 1991, but in 2020 Jordan announced the reinstatement of compulsory military service for jobless men aged between 25 and 29 with 12 months of service, made up of 3 months of military training and 9 months of professional and technical training; in 2019, Jordan announced a voluntary 4-month National Military Service program for men and women aged between 18-25 years who have been unemployed for at least 6 months; service would include 1 month for military training with the remaining 3 months dedicated to vocational training in the sectors of construction and tourism (2023)", @@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 660,605 (Syria) (2023)" + "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 660,022 (Syria) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "64 (2022)" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 36143878..615007ac 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -553,9 +553,9 @@ "text": "snap election held on 6 June 2023 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "
50 non-partisan candidates, including 29 oppositionists; composition of elected members - 49 men, 1 woman, percent of women 2%" }, - "note": "Note: on 17 April 2023, Crown Prince Mishal al-AHMAD al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly, which had been reinstated in March at the direction of the Constitutional Court, following its annulment of the September 2022 election; the Assembly was formally dissolved by royal decree on 1 May 2023, and a new election scheduled for 6 June" + "note": "Note: on 17 April 2023, Crown Prince Mishal al-AHMAD al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly, which had been reinstated in March at the direction of the Constitutional Court, following its annulment of the September 2022 election; the Assembly was formally dissolved by royal decree on 1 May 2023, and a new election was held on 6 June" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 966-8468" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
https://www.kuwaitembassy.us/" + "text": "
consulate@kuwaitembassy.us

https://www.kuwaitembassy.us/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Beverly Hills (CA), New York" diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 950408a3..26c8b959 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament with two-thirds majority vote in the first round and if needed absolute majority vote in a second round for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); last held on 31 October 2016 (presidential election ongoing as of mid-May 2023); prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with Parliament; deputy prime minister determined during cabinet formation" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2023: on 19 January 2023, Parliament failed in its eleventh session attempt to elect a president

2016: Michel AWN elected president in second round; Parliament vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83 votes; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed because Parliament lacked the necessary quorum of 86 members to hold a vote; the president was finally elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" + "text": "
2023: on 14 June 2023, Parliament failed in its twelfth session attempt to elect a president

2016: Michel AWN elected president in second round; Parliament vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83 votes; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed because Parliament lacked the necessary quorum of 86 members to hold a vote; the president was finally elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "source country for amphetamine tablets destined for Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Libya and Sudan; in 2021 authorities in various Near Eastern countries seized millions of captagon tablets that originated in or transited to Lebanon, prompting Lebanese authorities to conduct raids on captagon production facilities and trafficking rings within the country" + "text": "

source country for amphetamine tablets destined for Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Libya and Sudan; source for captagon    

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index bbdec9ed..8c03ff1f 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 295-3625" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
info@saudiembassy.net

https://www.saudiembassy.net/" + "text": "
info@saudiembassy.net; Saudisusemb@mofa.gov.sa

https://www.saudiembassy.net/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Houston, Los Angeles, New York" diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 1cd757db..604e7566 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -587,13 +587,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant); note – embassy closed on 18 March 2014" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 232-6313" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 234-9548" + "text": "2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note – embassy closed on 18 March 2014" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1186,7 +1180,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "160,000 (2022); note - Syria's stateless population consists of Kurds and Palestinians; stateless persons are prevented from voting, owning land, holding certain jobs, receiving food subsidies or public healthcare, enrolling in public schools, or being legally married to Syrian citizens; in 1962, some 120,000 Syrian Kurds were stripped of their Syrian citizenship, rendering them and their descendants stateless; in 2011, the Syrian Government granted citizenship to thousands of Syrian Kurds as a means of appeasement; however, resolving the question of statelessness is not a priority given Syria's ongoing civil war" }, - "note": "note: the ongoing civil war has resulted in almost 5.4 million registered Syrian refugees - dispersed mainly in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey - as of March 2023" + "note": "note: the ongoing civil war has resulted in almost 5.3 million registered Syrian refugees - dispersed mainly in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey - as of June 2023" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { @@ -1197,7 +1191,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "source country for amphetamine tablets destined for Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Libya, Sudan , and other countries in the Gulf, Mediterranean region, and Europe " + "text": "

increasing drug trafficking particularly the synthetic stimulant captagon, a mixture of various amphetamines, methamphetamine, and/or other stimulants;  drug smuggling of captagon and other stimulants linked to the Syrian government and Hizballah

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 8c9de600..70e7b4a1 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 May 2023 with a runoff on 28 May 2023 (next to be held in 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2023: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected in the second round; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.2%, Kemal KILICDAROGLU (CHP) 47.8%

2018: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in the first round; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.6%, Muharrem INCE (CHP) 30.6%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 8.4%, Meral AKSENER (IYI) 7.3%, other 1.1%" + "text": "

2023: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected in the second round; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.2%, Kemal KILICDAROGLU (CHP) 47.8%

2018: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in the first round; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.6%, Muharrem INCE (CHP) 30.6%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 8.4%, Meral AKSENER (IYI) 7.3%, other 1.1%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ "text": "2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 612-6700; [1] (202) 612-6701" + "text": "[1] (202) 612-6700" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 612-6744" @@ -1006,6 +1006,26 @@ "text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "4 (2023)" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "78.871 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1266,7 +1286,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "10,244 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 3,366,185 (Syria) (2023); 95,874 (Ukraine) (as of 26 January 2023)" + "text": "10,244 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 3,358,813 (Syria) (2023); 95,874 (Ukraine) (as of 26 January 2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2021)" @@ -1276,7 +1296,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

transit country for heroin, opium, and cocaine trafficked to European markets;  amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are trafficked to Middle East and Southeast Asia markets; one of the major transit routes for opiates smuggled from Afghanistan via Iran destined for Western Europe; smugglers involved in both heroin sales and transport and production and smuggling of synthetic drugs; criminal networks have interests in heroin conversion laboratories operating in Iran near the Turkish border;  hashish imported or grown domestically for local consumption

" + "text": "

a significant transit country for illicit drug trafficking; an increase of heroin and methamphetamine seizures along the Turkiye-Iran border; Syrian drug traffickers play a significant role in Turkiye’s drug trade; domestic Illegal drug use relatively low compared to countries in the region

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 0d121eca..0e170dc8 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ "text": "men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; service can be extended only by volunteering or an executive order from the Governor; annual training commitment is about 30 days a year, which includes a two-week camp, weekends, and drill nights (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment is a reserve multi-role battalion that has two primary functions – providing military aid to civil authorities and humanitarian and disaster relief (2023)" + "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment’s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda’s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index e2402b75..9257e8d1 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -1018,6 +1018,26 @@ "text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "19 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "13.62GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "15% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "4% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "2" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "48.328 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1277,7 +1297,7 @@ "note": "note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Canada, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe " }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Canada is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949

Canada is part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD; established 1958); NORAD is a Canada-US bi-national military command responsible for monitoring and defending North American airspace; traditionally, a Canadian Armed Forces officer has served as the deputy commander of NORAD

Canada’s defense relationship with the US extends back to the Ogdensburg Declaration of 1940, when the two countries formally agreed on military cooperation, including the establishment of the Permanent Joint Board on Defense (PJBD), which continues to be the highest-level bilateral defense forum between Canada and the US

British troops withdrew from Canada in 1871 as part of the UK-US Treaty of Washington; following the withdrawal, the first Canadian militia, known as the Royal Canadian Regiment, was organized in 1883 to protect Canadian territory and defend British interests abroad, which it did in the South African War (1899-1902), Canada’s first overseas conflict; militia units formed the backbone of the more than 425,000 Canadian soldiers that went to Europe during World War I in what was called the Canadian Expeditionary Force; the Royal Canadian Navy was created in 1910, while the Canadian Air Force was established in 1920 and became the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1924; the Canadian Army was officially founded in 1942; a unified Canadian Armed Forces was created in 1968 (2023)" + "text": "the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) are a professional volunteer force responsible for external security; the CAF’s core missions include detecting, deterring, and defending against threats to or attacks on Canada; the military also provides assistance to civil authorities and law enforcement as needed for such missions as counterterrorism, search and rescue, and responding to natural disasters or other major emergencies; it regularly participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises with a variety of partners, including NATO (Canada is one of the original members) and the US; the CAF also contributes to international peacekeeping, stability, humanitarian, combat, and capacity building operations with the UN, NATO, and other security partners

the Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC) plans, directs, and leads most CAF operations in Canada, North America, and around the world; it has 6 standing regional Joint Task Force (JTF) headquarters across Canada, as well as other JTFs deployed overseas; the CJOC is assisted by air, ground, and naval components; the Canadian Army is the land component of the CAF and its largest element; it has 4 divisional headquarters (plus 1 under the CJOC), 3 Regular Force combined arms mechanized brigade groups, and 10 brigade groups in the Reserve Force; the Navy’s principal warships are 12 frigates and 4 attack submarines, which are supported by 6 Arctic/offshore patrol ships and 12 coastal defense vessels; the Air Force has over 400 fixed wing aircraft and helicopters, including about 100 US-made F/A-18 multirole fighters; Canada has ordered more than 80 US-made F-35 stealth multirole fighter aircraft which the Air Force expects to start receiving in 2026; the CAF also has a separate Special Operations Forces Command with a special operations regiment and a joint task force, plus air, incident response, and training units

Canada is part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD; established 1958); NORAD is a Canada-US bi-national military command responsible for monitoring and defending North American airspace; traditionally, a Canadian Armed Forces officer has served as the deputy commander of NORAD; Canada’s defense relationship with the US extends back to the Ogdensburg Declaration of 1940, when the two countries formally agreed on military cooperation, including the establishment of the Permanent Joint Board on Defense (PJBD), which continues to be the highest-level bilateral defense forum between Canada and the US

British troops withdrew from Canada in 1871 as part of the UK-US Treaty of Washington; following the withdrawal, the first Canadian militia, known as the Royal Canadian Regiment, was organized in 1883 to protect Canadian territory and defend British interests abroad, which it did in the South African War (1899-1902), Canada’s first overseas conflict; militia units formed the backbone of the more than 425,000 Canadian soldiers that went to Europe during World War I in what was called the Canadian Expeditionary Force; the Royal Canadian Navy was created in 1910, while the Canadian Air Force was established in 1920 and became the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1924; the Canadian Army was officially founded in 1942; a unified Canadian Armed Forces was created in 1968 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1299,7 +1319,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "illicit production of fentanyl primarily for Canada's domestic drug market with at least small quantities smuggled to the US; complex laboratories setup for fentanyl production have been found and Mexican traffickers present in the country; Canada legalized marijuana in 2018" + "text": "

transnational criminal organizations trafficked cocaine, opium, methamphetamine, other synthetic drugs, and prescription drugs (some of which transited the United States) to Canada for domestic consumption; a source of synthetic drugs (including synthetic opioids), cannabis, and MDMA trafficked to the United States;  a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 448d9386..863819b9 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -475,10 +475,13 @@ "text": "Greenland Representation
3200 Whitehaven Street, NW
Washington, DC  20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "202-797-5392" + "text": "[1] (202) 234-4300" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "+1 (202) 328-1470" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
washington@nanoq.gl

https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Groenlands-repraesentation-Washington" + "text": "
washington@nanoq.gl

All Greenlandic Representations | Grønlands Repræsentation (grl-rep.dk); 
https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Groenlands-repraesentation-Washington" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index e07123dd..7fa407d5 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 728-1698" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
mexembussa@sre.gob.mx

https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/eua/index.php/en/" + "text": "
mexembusa@sre.gob.mx

https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/eua/index.php/en/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta (GA), Austin (TX), Boston (MA), Chicago (IL), Dallas (TX), Denver (GA), El Paso (TX), Houston (TX), Laredo (TX), Miami (FL), New York (NY), Nogales (AZ), Phoenix (AZ), Raleigh (NC), Sacramento (CA), San Antonio (TX), San Diego (CA), San Francisco (CA), San Jose (CA), San Juan (Puerto Rico)" @@ -1044,6 +1044,26 @@ "text": "0.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.55GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "5.3% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "1.9% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "9.886 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1291,7 +1311,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2022, women comprised about 15% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the constitution was amended in 2019 to grant the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security, and courts have upheld the legality of the armed forces’ role in law enforcement activities in support of civilian authorities through 2028; Mexican military operations are heavily focused on internal security duties, particularly in countering drug cartels and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; the armed forces also administer most of the country's land and sea ports and customs services, plus the approximately 2,700 branches of a state-owned development bank; in addition, President LOPEZ OBRADOR has placed the military in charge of a growing number of infrastructure projects, such as building and operating a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast (2023)" + "text": "the Mexican military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of Mexico, as well as providing for internal security, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and socio-economic development; in recent years, internal security duties have been a key focus, particularly in countering narcotics trafficking and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; the constitution was amended in 2019 to grant the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security, and courts have upheld the legality of the armed forces’ role in law enforcement activities in support of civilian authorities through 2028; the military also provides security for strategic facilities, such as oil production infrastructure, and administers most of the country's land and sea ports and customs services, plus the approximately 2,700 branches of a state-owned development bank; in addition, President LOPEZ OBRADOR has placed the military in charge of a growing number of infrastructure projects, such as building and operating a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast

the Mexican Army is a lightly armed force comprised largely of infantry supplemented by mechanized or motorized forces; it is primarily focused on internal security operations vice conventional warfare, and its posture and composition reflects an internal focus over external threats; much of the force is deployed throughout the country in 12 military regional commands and 48 subordinate military zones, giving the Army a country-wide presence and the ability to respond immediately to a crisis; force strengths in each zone vary according to the security situation, from a single infantry battalion to over 10 infantry battalions and small motorized cavalry regiments, plus other units on rotation; the Army’s principal mobile combat forces are approximately 10 light or mechanized/motorized infantry brigades, 3 special forces brigades, and a paratrooper brigade, which are separate from the units under the military zones; the National Guard has up to 12 military police brigades; the Air Force’s inventory reflects its chief roles of supporting the Army, conducting counter-narcotics operations, and providing assistance during natural disasters; its fixed-wing combat aircraft include a handful of US-made fighters acquired in the 1980s and about 30 light attack planes; the Air Force also has more than 30 transport aircraft, as well as about 100 multipurpose helicopters

the Mexican Navy is largely a coastal patrol force but has a growing blue water capability; it has a range of missions including maritime law enforcement, security of maritime facilities, resources, and the environment, humanitarian assistance, and search and rescue; it has fleet commands for both the Pacific and Caribbean Sea/Gulf of Mexico, plus naval aviation, and naval infantry forces; the Navy’s warships include 5 frigates and more than 100 patrol vessels of varying sizes and capabilities; the Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina) has both external and internal security responsibilities, including providing port security, protecting the coastal fringe, and patrolling major waterways; it also has had a significant role in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; the Corps has more than 30 combat battalions, which include amphibious, commando, infantry, paratrooper, security, and special operations forces (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported one incident in the territorial waters of Mexico in 2022, the same number of attacks as in 2021; ports in Mexico continue to be affected by the crime of armed robbery; this incident occurred in the port of Puerto Dos Bocas while ships were berthed or at anchor; pirates and robbers in this area are armed with guns" @@ -1313,7 +1333,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

major source and transit country for heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, and illicit synthetic drugs including fentanyl and counterfeit pills destined for the United States; main transit country for cocaine from South America, a transit route and destination for fentanyl and associated precursors originating from China

" + "text": "

significant source and transit country for fentanyl, fentanyl-laced counterfeit pills, other synthetic opioids, cocaine from South America, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine destined for the United States; a destination for synthetic drug precursor chemicals from China, India, and other countries

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index a97951f7..6e5b4565 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -1002,6 +1002,27 @@ "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "93 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "95.83GW (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "20% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "8.2% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "20" + }, + "note": "note: The US has the World's largest nuclear energy program with 26% of the World's net capacity of nuclear reactors" + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "495.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1292,7 +1313,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

world's largest consumer of cocaine (mostly from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of MDMA (ecstasy) and Mexican methamphetamine; major consumer of fentanyl and other synthetic opioids sourced from Mexico and China, often mixed with other drugs; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

" + "text": "

world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oceans/xo.json b/oceans/xo.json index 831a1f3d..3c751b0c 100644 --- a/oceans/xo.json +++ b/oceans/xo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia).The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude." + "text": "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude." } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/oceans/zh.json b/oceans/zh.json index 4b21bdaa..305b50f7 100644 --- a/oceans/zh.json +++ b/oceans/zh.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways.The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude." + "text": "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude. For convenience and because of its immense size, the Atlantic Ocean is often divided at the Equator and designated as the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean." } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index 4b7d59a3..3ac08ee5 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five oceans (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). Strategically important access waterways include the La Perouse, Tsugaru, Tsushima, Taiwan, Singapore, and Torres Straits.The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of 60 degrees south." + "text": "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five oceans (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). Strategically important access waterways include the La Perouse, Tsugaru, Tsushima, Taiwan, Singapore, and Torres Straits. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of 60 degrees south. For convenience and because of its immense size, the Pacific Ocean is often divided at the Equator and designated as the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. " } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index ce38d68b..6aee3815 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -1007,6 +1007,26 @@ "text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "3 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.64GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "7.2% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "3.6% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "829,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1254,7 +1274,7 @@ "text": "225 Cyprus (UNFICYP) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Army and Navy were both created in 1810 during the Argentine War of Independence, while the Air Force was established in 1945; the military conducted coups d'état in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976; the 1976 coup, aka the \"National Reorganization Process,\" marked the beginning of the so-called \"Dirty War,\" a period of state-sponsored terrorism that saw the deaths or disappearances of thousands of Argentinians; the defeat in the 1983 Falklands War led to the downfall of the military junta

Argentina and Chile have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of two battalions, one from each country, a command and service company, an air component (a squadron of Argentine and Chilean helicopters), a naval component, and a combined logistics support unit

Argentina has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the Argentine military’s primary responsibilities are territorial defense and protecting the country’s sovereignty, but its duties also include border security, countering narcotics trafficking, and other internal missions, such as disaster response and infrastructure development; it also conducts support operations in Antarctica to promote an active presence in areas of national territory that are sparsely populated; the military participates in both bilateral and multinational training exercises and supports UN peacekeeping operations; the Army’s primary combat units include a rapid deployment division with airborne, mechanized infantry, and special forces brigades, a combined armored and jungle warfare division, a mountain infantry division, and a mechanized division; the Navy’s principal warships are approximately 15 frigates, corvettes, and ocean-going patrol ships, as well as 2 attack submarines, although they are not operational; both the Army and Navy have helicopter aviation components; the Air Force has a few dozen combat aircraft, as well as multipurpose helicopters and support aircraft, such as tankers and transports

Argentina participates in the Tripartite Command, an interagency security mechanism created by Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to exchange information and combat transnational threats, including terrorism, in the Tri-Border Area; in addition, Argentina and Chile have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of two battalions, one from each country, a command and service company, an air component (a squadron of Argentine and Chilean helicopters), a naval component, and a combined logistics support unit; Argentina has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Army and Navy were both created in 1810 during the Argentine War of Independence, while the Air Force was established in 1945; the military conducted coups d'état in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976; the 1976 coup, aka the \"National Reorganization Process,\" marked the beginning of the so-called \"Dirty War,\" a period of state-sponsored terrorism that saw the deaths or disappearances of thousands of Argentinians; the defeat in the 1983 Falklands War led to the downfall of the military junta (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1273,7 +1293,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

counterfeiting, drug trafficking, and other smuggling offenses along the northern border; some money laundering organizations in the Tri-Border Area may have links to the terrorist organization Hizballah; a large producer of chemical precursors

" + "text": "

counterfeiting, drug trafficking, and other smuggling offenses in the Tri-Border area; some money laundering organizations in the TBA have may have links to the terrorist organization Hizballah; a large producer of chemical precursors

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index c833d4f7..02f94e75 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 328-3712" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
embolivia.wdc@gmail.com" + "text": "
embolivia.wdc@gmail.com

https://www.boliviawdc.org/en-us/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Houston, Los Angeles, Maple Grove (MN), Miami, New York, Washington, DC" @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ "note": "note: foreign nationals 18-22 residing in Bolivia may join the armed forces; joining speeds the process of acquiring Bolivian citizenship by naturalization" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Bolivia has a small naval force for patrolling some 5,000 miles of navigable rivers to combat narcotics trafficking and smuggling, provide disaster relief, and deliver supplies to remote rural areas, as well as for maintaining a presence on Lake Titicaca; the Navy also exists in part to cultivate a maritime tradition and as a reminder of Bolivia’s desire to regain the access to the Pacific Ocean that the country lost to Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884); every year on 23 March, the Navy participates in parades and government ceremonies commemorating the Día Del Mar (Day of the Sea) holiday that remembers the loss (2023)" + "text": "the Bolivian Armed Forces (FAB) are responsible for territorial defense but also have some internal security duties, particularly counternarcotics and border security; the FAB shares responsibility for border enforcement with the National Police (PNB), and it may be called out to assist the PNB with maintaining public order in critical situations; the Army is the largest service and is organized into 6 military regions and 10 divisional headquarters; most of the combat units are light, motorized, or mechanized infantry along with a sizeable contingent of mechanized, motorized, or horse cavalry; the Army also has a special operations command with airborne, ranger, and special forces units; the Air Force does not have any fighter aircraft but rather a small force of reconnaissance and transport aircraft and multirole helicopters 

Bolivia has a small naval force for patrolling some 5,000 miles of navigable rivers to combat narcotics trafficking and smuggling, provide disaster relief, and deliver supplies to remote rural areas, as well as for maintaining a presence on Lake Titicaca; the Navy also exists in part to cultivate a maritime tradition and as a reminder of Bolivia’s desire to regain the access to the Pacific Ocean that the country lost to Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884); every year on 23 March, the Navy participates in parades and government ceremonies commemorating the Día Del Mar (Day of the Sea) holiday that remembers the loss (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

third-largest source country of cocaine and a major transit for Peruvian cocaine; in 2020 coca cultivation totaled 39,400 hectares (ha); illicit drug consumption is low in Bolivia;  most cocaine is exported to other Latin American countries, such as  Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, for domestic consumption, or for onward transit to West Africa and Europe, not the United States

" + "text": "

the third-largest source country of cocaine and a major transit country for Peruvian cocaine; coca cultivation in 2021 totaled 39,700 hectares (ha); most  cocaine is exported to other Latin American countries, especially Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, for domestic consumption, or for onward transit from those countries to West Africa and Europe, not the United States.

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 3de80244..6ab58d07 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 238-2827" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
http://washington.itamaraty.gov.br/en-us/Main.xml" + "text": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/embaixada-washington  " }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Washington, DC" @@ -1032,6 +1032,26 @@ "text": "9.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "1" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1.88GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "2.5% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "1% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "13.993 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1290,7 +1310,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2020, women comprised approximately 9% of the Brazilian military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the three national police forces – the Federal Police, Federal Highway Police, and Federal Railway Police – have domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Ministry of Justice); there are two distinct units within the state police forces: the civil police, which performs an investigative role, and the military police, charged with maintaining law and order in the states and the Federal District; despite the name, military police forces report to the Ministry of Justice, not the Ministry of Defense; the National Public Security Force (Forca Nacional de Seguranca Publica or SENASP) is a national police force made up of Military Police from various states; the armed forces also have some domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Defense

Brazil has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the origins of Brazil's military stretch back to the 1640s; Brazil provided a 25,000-man expeditionary force with air and ground units to fight with the Allies in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II; the Navy participated in the Battle of the Atlantic (2023)" + "text": "the Brazilian Armed Forces (BAF) are the second largest military in the Western Hemisphere behind the US; while they are responsible for external security and protecting the country’s sovereignty, Brazil does not have any territorial disputes with its neighbors or regional rivalries; the BAF’s missions include patrolling and protecting the country’s long borders and coastline and extensive territorial waters and river network, assisting with internal security, providing domestic disaster response and humanitarian assistance, and participating in multinational peacekeeping missions

the Army has a considerable internal security role; in the past decade, it has mobilized thousands of troops to conduct counternarcotics operations, support the police in combating crime, assist with disease outbreaks and humanitarian missions, and provide security for major events such as the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics; it has also cooperated with neighboring countries such as Argentina and Paraguay on border security to combat smuggling and trafficking; the Army is organized into regional commands, military regions, and geographically based divisions covering the entirety of the country; it has approximately 30 combat brigades which include light, mechanized, or motorized infantry, light armored/cavalry, special operations, artillery, and helicopter forces; many of the light infantry brigades are specialized for air mobile, airborne, jungle, mountain, or urban warfare operations; the Army has established a battalion-sized (1,000 troops) expeditionary force for foreign international missions that it plans to increase to a 3,000-strong brigade by 2030

the Navy conducts coastal, regional, and riverine operations and has a wide variety of missions ranging from sea patrolling and power projection to countering piracy, illegal fishing, narcotics trafficking, and organized crime; it is organized into 9 districts covering the entirety of the country; the Navy’s principal warships include approximately 14 frigates, corvettes, and offshore patrol ships, 7 attack submarines, and a multi-purpose helicopter landing platform (LPH) amphibious assault ship that serves as the fleet’s flagship; it also has a considerable coastal and riverine patrol vessel fleet, an aviation wing with about 50 combat aircraft and helicopters, and a marine amphibious force

the Air Force has over 100 fighter and ground attack aircraft, as well as dozens of support aircraft and helicopters for missions such as patrolling, reconnaissance, transport, logistics, special missions, and training

the three national police forces – the Federal Police, Federal Highway Police, and Federal Railway Police – have domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Ministry of Justice); there are two distinct units within the state police forces: the civil police, which performs an investigative role, and the military police, charged with maintaining law and order in the states and the Federal District; despite the name, military police forces report to the Ministry of Justice, not the Ministry of Defense; the National Public Security Force (Forca Nacional de Seguranca Publica or SENASP) is a national police force made up of Military Police from various states; the armed forces also have some domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Defense

Brazil has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the origins of Brazil's military stretch back to the 1640s; Brazil provided a 25,000-man expeditionary force with air and ground units to fight with the Allies in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II; the Navy participated in the Battle of the Atlantic (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Brazil are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2022, five attacks against commercial vessels were reported, an increase from the three attacks in 2021; all of these occurred in the port of Macapa while ships were berthed or at anchor" @@ -1318,7 +1338,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

a significant transit and destination country for cocaine; most of the cocaine enters Brazil from neighboring producing countries Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru then goes to West Africa and Europe, but an increasing percentage feeds substantial domestic drug consumption; second-largest consumer of cocaine hydrochloride and cocaine-derivative products in the world

" + "text": "

a significant drug transit and destination country for cocaine bound for Europe and other destinations including the United States; domestic drug use and addiction is a significant problem and it is second only to the United States in cocaine consumption; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 979ca73f..9230c6da 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2021, women comprised approximately 18% of the armed forces" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Chilean Army was founded in 1810, but traces its origins back to the Army of the Kingdom of Chile, which was established by the Spanish Crown in the early 1600s; the Navy traces its origins to 1817; it was first led by a British officer and its first ships were largely crewed by American, British, and Irish sailors; by the 1880s, the Chilean Navy was one of the most powerful in the Americas, and included the world’s first protected cruiser (a ship with an armored deck to protect vital machine spaces); Chile's military aviation was inaugurated in 1913 with the creation of a military aviation school

Chile and Argentina have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of two battalions, one from each country, a command and service company, an air component (a squadron of Argentine and Chilean helicopters), a naval component, and a combined logistics support unit (2023)" + "text": "the Chilean military is a professional volunteer force that is regarded as one of the top militaries in the region; it is responsible for territorial defense and ensuring the country’s sovereignty; the military also assists with disaster and humanitarian relief and some internal security duties such as border security or maintaining public order if required; a key focus in recent years has been securing the border area with Bolivia and Peru; it trains regularly and participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, as well as international peacekeeping operations 

the Chilean Army was founded in 1810, but traces its origins back to the Army of the Kingdom of Chile, which was established by the Spanish Crown in the early 1600s; the current Army has 6 divisions, an aviation brigade, and a special operations command; the divisions are comprised of a mix of armored, light infantry, mechanized infantry, motorized infantry, and mountain infantry brigades, regiments, and detachments; Chile's military aviation was inaugurated in 1913 with the creation of a military aviation school; the modern Air Force has about 200 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, including about 50 US-made fighters

the Navy traces its origins to 1817; it was first led by a British officer and its first ships were largely crewed by American, British, and Irish sailors; by the 1880s, the Chilean Navy was one of the most powerful in the Americas, and included the world’s first protected cruiser (a ship with an armored deck to protect vital machine spaces); today, its principle warships are 8 frigates, 4 offshore patrol ships, a landing platform dock (LPD) amphibious assault ship, 4 attack submarines, and a few missile attack craft, supported by dozens of coastal patrol boats; the Navy also has marine amphibious infantry brigade and an aviation force with maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare aircraft

Chile and Argentina have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of two battalions, one from each country, a command and service company, an air component (a squadron of Argentine and Chilean helicopters), a naval component, and a combined logistics support unit (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 22317791..9c9aaf44 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ "text": "275 Egypt (MFO) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Colombian Armed Forces are primarily focused on internal security, particularly counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism, and counterinsurgency operations against drug traffickers, several factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the terrorist/insurgent group National Liberation Army (ELN); the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, but some former members (known as dissidents) have returned to fighting (note - these dissident groups include the designated terrorist groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army or FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; see Appendix T); in 2017, the Colombian Government initiated formal peace talks with the ELN, but in January 2019, it officially ended the peace talks shortly after the ELN exploded a car bomb at the National Police Academy in Bogotá; operations against the FARC dissident groups and the ELN continued into 2023, although the Colombian Government resumed talks with ELN in November 2022 and began exploratory talks with the FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; the military is also focused on the security challenges posed by its neighbor, Venezuela, where instability has attracted narcotics traffickers and both the ELN and FARC dissidents, including FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia, operate openly

Colombia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the Colombian military is responsible for defending and maintaining the country’s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity but also has an internal security role, which includes protecting the civilian population, as well as private and state-owned assets, and ensuring a secure environment; the military’s primary focus is the conduct of counternarcotics, counterterrorism, and counterinsurgency operations against drug traffickers, several factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the insurgent/terrorist group National Liberation Army (ELN); the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, but some former members (known as dissidents) have returned to fighting (note - these dissident groups include the US-designated foreign terrorist groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army or FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; see Appendix T);  in 2017, the Colombian Government initiated formal peace talks with the ELN, but it officially ended the talks shortly after the ELN exploded a car bomb at the National Police Academy in Bogota in January 2019; operations against the FARC dissident groups and the ELN continued into 2023, although the Colombian Government resumed talks with the ELN in November 2022 and began exploratory talks with the FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; a 6-month cease-fire agreement was reached with the ELN in June 2023; the military is also focused on the security challenges posed by its neighbor, Venezuela, where instability has attracted narcotics traffickers, and both the ELN and FARC dissidents operate openly; Colombia shares a 1,370-mile (2,200 km) border with Venezuela; ELN and FARC insurgents have also used neighboring Ecuador to rest, resupply, and shelter

the Colombian National Army is one of the largest and most experienced ground forces in the Western Hemisphere, having spent decades conducting operations against insurgents and terrorist groups; it has also kept a small battalion (about 250-300 troops) in the Sinai Peninsula with the Multinational Observer Force since 1980; the Army’s primary focus is ongoing operations against the ELN, FARC dissidents, and other illegal armed groups, which are challenged by difficult topography and long and porous land borders; the Air Force and Navy play a role in the counterinsurgency campaign but their participation is minor in comparison to the Army; the Army is largely configured for flexible and mobile counterinsurgency operations with 1 mechanized and 7 light infantry divisions; the light infantry divisions are not uniformly structured and typically include a mix of conventional infantry and specialized air mobile, counterinsurgency, jungle, mountain, and security brigades; some divisions may also have special task forces for anti-kidnapping, counternarcotics, or urban operations; the Army also has a special forces division, a rapid deployment force (Fuerza de Despliegue Rápido or FUDRA) comprised of special forces and counterinsurgency brigades, and an air assault division with aviation and light infantry/air mobile forces; the National Police works with the Army against illegal armed groups and has a variety of specialized forces, including commandos, quick reaction, counterterrorism, counternarcotics, motorized, and anti-riot (Escuadron Móvil Antidisturbios, or ESMAD) units 

the Navy is responsible for security in Colombia’s waters in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Oceans, the country’s extensive network of rivers, and a few small land areas under its direct jurisdiction; it takes part in multinational naval exercises, and over the past decade has undertaken efforts to modernize; its principal warships are 4 frigates, 6 corvettes, ocean-going, or offshore patrol ships, and 4 attack submarines, which are supplemented by dozens of coastal and riverine patrol craft; the Navy also has a 22,000-man marine force comprised of 5 marine/riverine infantry brigades and a special forces brigade, as well as a small aviation force; the Air Force has an air defense role, but also supports the Army’s counterinsurgency operations; it has a mix of about 50 fighters and ground attack combat aircraft, plus reconnaissance, electronic warfare, logistical, and training fixed-wing aircraft, as well as approximately 100 multirole helicopters 

Colombia has close security ties with the US, including joint training, military assistance, and designation in 2022 as a Major Non-NATO Ally, which provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense, trade, and security cooperation; it also has close ties with some regional neighbors, such as Argentina, Chile, and Peru; Colombian military and security forces have training programs with their counterparts from a variety of countries, mostly those from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean; security ties with Ecuador and Venezuela have been challenged by the presence of narcotics traffickers, ELN, and FARC dissidents in the border regions (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022 in the territorial waters of Colombia; there remains a risk for armed robbery against ships particularly in the main port of Cartagena while ships are berthed or at anchor" @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

Colombia is the world’s top cocaine producer; exports and is a source of heroin and marijuana; coca cultivation was estimated at 245,000 hectares (ha) in 2020; potential pure cocaine production reached 1,010 metric tons in 2020

 

" + "text": "

Colombia is the world’s top cocaine producer and exporter; is a source of heroin and marijuana; coca cultivation estimated at 234,000 hectares (ha) in 2021; pure cocaine production decreased to 972 metric tons in 2021; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 806eab05..10413710 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2017, women made up an estimated 3% of the military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "border conflicts with Peru dominated the military’s focus until the late 1990s and border security remains a priority, but in more recent years, security challenges have shifted towards counterinsurgency and counter-narcotics operations, particularly in the northern border area where violence and other criminal activity related to terrorism, insurgency, and narco-trafficking in Colombia, as well as refugees from Venezuela, has spilled over the border; troop deployments along the border with Colombia were scaled back following the 2016 signing of a peace agreement between the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) terrorist group (see Appendix T), but recent violence associated with FARC dissidents to the agreement have led Ecuador and Colombia to reinforce their shared border; since 2012, the Ecuadorian Government has also expanded the military’s role in general public security and counter-narcotics operations, in part due to rising violence, police corruption, and police ineffectiveness

the military has had a large role in Ecuador’s political history; it ruled the country from 1963-1966 and 1972-1979, and supported a dictatorship in 1970-1972; during the 1980s, the military remained loyal to the civilian government, but civilian-military relations were at times tenuous, and the military had considerable autonomy from civilian oversight; it was involved in coup attempts in 2000 and 2010 (2023)" + "text": "the military is responsible for preserving Ecuador’s national sovereignty and defending the integrity of the state; it also has some domestic security responsibilities and may complement police operations in maintaining public order if required; the military shares responsibility for border enforcement with the National Police; it trains regularly, participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, and sends troops on UN peacekeeping missions; the military has defense ties to regional countries, such as Chile, Colombia, and Peru, and security ties with the US have been revived in recent years

border conflicts with Peru dominated the military’s focus until the late 1990s and border security remains a priority, but in more recent years, security challenges have included counterinsurgency and counternarcotics operations, particularly in the northern border area where violence and other criminal activity related to terrorism, insurgency, and narco-trafficking in Colombia, as well as refugees from Venezuela, have spilled over the border; the military has established a joint service task force for counterinsurgency and counternarcotics operations and boosted troop deployments along those borders; other missions include countering illegal mining, smuggling, and maritime piracy; since 2012, the Ecuadorian Government has expanded the military’s role in general public security and domestic crime operations, in part due to rising violence, police corruption, and police ineffectiveness 

the Joint Command of the Armed Forces (El Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas or CCFFAA) is the military’s highest body for planning, preparation, and strategic conduct of military operations; the chief of the CCFFAA is appointed by the president; the military is deployed throughout the country in 5 joint service operational commands or task forces; it also has a cyber defense command; the Army is organized into 4 regionally based divisions and approximately 12 combat brigades, including armored cavalry, artillery, aviation, infantry (including specialized jungle infantry), and special forces; the Navy is a compact force comprised of 2 frigates, 6 corvettes, 3 missile attack boats, and 2 attack submarines; it also has a small aviation force and a Marine Corps with about 2,000 amphibious infantry and commandos; the Air Force has small numbers of operational jet fighters and light ground attack aircraft, as well as some multirole helicopters  

the military has had a large role in Ecuador’s political history; it ruled the country from 1963-1966 and 1972-1979, and supported a dictatorship in 1970-1972; during the 1980s, the military remained loyal to the civilian government, but civilian-military relations were at times tenuous, and the military had considerable autonomy from civilian oversight; it was involved in coup attempts in 2000 and 2010 (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022; the territorial and offshore waters of Ecuador remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen" @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "Ecuador is a major transit country for illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and chemical precursors to process cocaine from Colombia and Peru; not a major drug producing country" + "text": "

Ecuador is a major transit country for cocaine destined for the United States and other international destinations; criminal groups traffic cocaine precursor chemicals for drug gangs; not a major drug producing country; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index b0e5a8ce..7973b230 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 232-1297" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
guyanaembassydc@verizon.net

http://www.guyanaembassyusa.org/" + "text": "
guyanaembassydc@verizon.net" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" @@ -1155,13 +1155,13 @@ "text": "approximately 4,000 active duty military personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military has a limited inventory comprised mostly of second-hand platforms from a variety of foreign suppliers, including Brazil, China, the former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US (2022)" + "text": "the military has a limited inventory comprised mostly of second-hand platforms from a variety of foreign suppliers, including Brazil, China, the former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age or older for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Guyana Defense Force was established in 1965; its primary missions are defense of the country, assisting civil authorities with law and order as needed, and contributing to the economic development of the country; the GDF’s ground force officers are trained at the British Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, while coast guard officers receive training at the British Royal Naval College (2023)" + "text": "the Guyana Defense Force (GDF) was established in 1965; its primary missions are defense of the country, including border security, assisting civil authorities with law and order as needed, and contributing to the Guyana’s economic development; key areas of concern include disaster response, illegal fishing, narcotics trafficking, piracy, and porous borders; the GDF trains regularly and participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises; it has relationships with Brazil, China, France, the UK, and the US; the GDF’s ground force officers are trained at the British Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, while coast guard officers receive training at the British Royal Naval College

the GDF’s ground combat forces include 3 infantry battalions (1 reserve), a special forces squadron, and an artillery company; the coast guard has an offshore patrol craft and a few patrol boats, as well as a small amphibious “raider” force; the air corps does not have any combat aircraft but instead provides tactical observation, transport, casualty evacuation, and other forms of support to the ground forces (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Guyana are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2022, two attacks against commercial vessels were reported, these are the first attacks reported in three years; all of these occurred in port while ships were berthed or at anchor" @@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

transshipment point for cocaine destined for the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Europe, and West Africa; growing domestic drug consumption problem

" + "text": "

a transit country for cocaine destined for the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Europe, and West Africa; growing domestic marijuana cultivation and consumption

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 689c6c2a..b4a4e641 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "text": "last held on 25 May 2020 (next to be held in May 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - VHP 41.1%, NDP 29.4%, ABOP 17.6%, NPS 7.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - VHP 21, NDP 15, ABOP 9, NPS 4, other 2; composition - men 36, women 15, percent of women 29.4%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - VHP 41.1%, NDP 29.4%, ABOP 17.6%, NPS 7.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - VHP 20, NDP 16, ABOP 9, NPS 3, BEP 2, PL 2; composition - men 36, women 15, percent of women 29.4%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 629-4769" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
amb.vs@gov.sr

https://www.surinameembassy.org/" + "text": "
amb.vs@gov.sr

https://surinameembassy.org/index.html" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Miami" @@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ "text": "

Suriname-Brazil: none identified

Suriname-France (French Guiana): in March 2021, Suriname and France signed an agreement to  establish their border along the Maroni River and its tributary the Lawa River and to cooperate in combatting illegal gold mining; however, the area further south between the Litani and Marouini Rivers is still disputed, with Suriname claiming the border is along the Marouini to the east and France arguing it is along the Litani River to the west

Suriname-Guyana: the two countries dispute the territory between two rivers, known as the New River Triangle, with Suriname contending that the New River (also called the Upper Corentyne) to the west marks their common border, while Guyana asserts that the Kutari River to the east forms the border; each side claims that their river is the source of the Corentyne River that forms a border further north between the two countries; the Permanent Court of Arbitration settled the maritime boundary between Suriname and Guyana in 2007 in an area with potentially substantial oil reserves

 

" }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "a transit country for South American cocaine en route to Europe, the United States and Africa; marijuana is the primary drug consumed locally" + "text": "

a transit country for South American cocaine en route to Europe; illicit drugs are smuggled in cargo containers, commercial and private air transport and human couriers

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index 38dc1077..8b783cda 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Jose Antonio DOS SANTOS BEDOYA (since 15 September 2021)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington DC  20008" + "text": "2209 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington DC  20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 483-6960" @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 234-4508" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
eeuuembaparsc@mre.gov.py; secretaria@embaparusa.gov.py" + "text": "
gabineteembaparusa@mre.gov.py; secretario@embaparusa.gov.py" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Los Angeles, Miami, New York" @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2021, women made up about 6% of the active military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the armed forces conduct operations against the Paraguayan People's Army (Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo, EPP), a domestic criminal group initially dedicated to a Marxist-Leninist revolution in Paraguay that operates in the rural northern part of the country along the border with Brazil; they also assist internal security forces in countering narco-trafficking networks (2023)" + "text": "the Paraguayan military is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security duties; while the National Police are responsible for maintaining internal security, the military works with the police through a Joint Task Force (aka Fuerza de Tarea Conjunta or FTC) in combatting the Paraguayan People’s Army (Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo or EPP) and transnational criminal organizations; the military has an Internal Defense Operations Command (Comando de Defensa Interna or CODI), which includes the Army, Navy, and Air Force, to coordinate internal security support to the police and other security organizations, such as the National Anti-Drug Secretariat or SENAD

the EPP is a domestic criminal/guerrilla group initially dedicated to a Marxist-Leninist revolution in Paraguay that operates in the rural northern part of the country along the border with Brazil; the activities of the EPP and its offshoots—Marsical López’s Army (EML) and the Armed Peasant Association (ACA)—have consisted largely of isolated attacks on remote police and army posts, or against ranchers and peasants accused of aiding Paraguayan security forces

the military is a small force by regional standards, and its limited equipment inventory is largely obsolete, with some of it pre-dating World War II; it has deployed small numbers of troops on UN missions and cooperates with neighboring countries, such as Argentina and Brazil, on security issues, particularly organized crime and narco-trafficking in what is known as the Tri-Border Area; Paraguay has not fought a war against a neighboring country since the Chaco War with Bolivia in the 1930s; formally established in 1811, the Army has 9 divisions of infantry and cavalry, but each division is reportedly about the size of a US battalion or 500-1,000 troops; there is also a presidential guard regiment; the Navy is a riverine force that has some of the oldest operational warships in the World, as well as a small marine infantry force; the Air Force has a single combat squadron with a handful of light ground attack/trainer aircraft  (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

cannabis cultivation and the trafficking of Andean cocaine in the tri-border area shared with Argentina and Brazil facilitates money laundering, violence and other criminal activity. 

" + "text": "

marijuana cultivation and the trafficking of Andean cocaine in the tri-border area shared with Argentina, and Brazil facilitates money laundering

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 42201ab4..acd0254e 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -638,13 +638,13 @@ "text": "1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869" + "text": "[1] (202) 833-9860" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 659-8124" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
Webadmin@embassyofperu.us" + "text": "
Webadmin@embassyofperu.us

Embassy of Peru in the United States - E-United States - Platform of the Peruvian State (www.gob.pe)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (NJ), San Francisco, Washington DC" @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ "text": "215 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Peruvian security forces continue to conduct operations against remnants of the Shining Path terrorist group (aka Sendero Luminoso; see Appendix T), particularly in the Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro River Valleys (VRAEM) of eastern Peru; the military has several thousand troops in the VRAEM under a combined Special Command comprised of air, ground, naval, police, and special forces units (2023)" + "text": "the Peruvian Armed Forces (FAP) are responsible for external security in addition to some domestic security responsibilities in designated emergency areas and in exceptional circumstances; key areas of focus include counterinsurgency, counternarcotics, disaster relief, and maritime security operations; the FAP trains regularly and participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises; it has contributed to UN missions since 1958 and has ties to regional militaries, particularly Colombia, as well as those of numerous other countries such as China, Russia, Spain, and the US; the FAP’s last external conflict was a brief border war with Ecuador in 1995; the FAP supported the police during anti-government protests in early 2023 and was accused of human rights violations 

the Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru (Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas del Perú or CCFFAA) has responsibility for the planning, preparation, coordination, and direction of the military’s operations; the CCFFAA has oversight over commands for air, air defense, cyber, maritime, and special operations, as well as 5 regional commands (Amazonas, central, north, south, and Ucayali) and a Special Command of the Valley of the Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro rivers (CE-VRAEM); CE-VRAEM is responsible for combating the remnants of the Shining Path terrorist group (aka Sendero Luminoso; see Appendix T) and includes several thousand air, ground, naval, police, and special forces personnel; the FAP also provides aircraft, vehicles, and logistical support to the command  

the Army was officially established in 1821 with the formation of the Peruvian Guard Legion; it currently has 5 regionally based divisions comprised of about 20 combat brigades, which include a mix of armored, artillery, jungle infantry, light infantry, mechanized cavalry, and special forces; the Army also has an aviation brigade and a multi-purpose support brigade designed in large part to provide assistance during natural disasters; the Navy, also established in 1821, includes the Coast Guard; it has undertaken efforts to modernize since the 2000s; the Navy’s warships include 7 frigates, 15 corvettes and patrol ships, and 6 attack submarines; it also has a flotilla of river gunboats, plus naval aviation and a marine force comprised of amphibious infantry, light infantry, jungle infantry, and commandos; the Air Force, established in the 1920s, has several squadrons of French-, Russian-, and US-made fighters, multirole fighters, and fixed-wing ground attack aircraft, as well as attack helicopters (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Peru are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2022, 12 attacks against commercial vessels were reported, a slight decrease over the 18 attacks in 2021; all of these occurred in the main port of Callao while ships were berthed or at anchor" @@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "world’s second-largest producer of cocaine, with an estimated 88,200 hectares under coca cultivation in 2020; cocaine is trafficked throughout South America for shipment to Europe, East Asia, Mexico, and the United States; major importer of precursor chemicals for cocaine production" + "text": "

world’s second-largest producer of cocaine and coca (after Colombia), with approximately 84,400 hectares (ha) under cultivation in 2021;  Peruvian cocaine is trafficked throughout South America for shipment to Europe, East Asia, Mexico, and the United States;  major importer of precursor chemicals for cocaine production; growing domestic drug consumption problem; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 0abc4edc..b22ecbe5 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 331-8142" }, "email address and website": { - "text": "
urueeuu@mrree.gub.uy" + "text": "
urueeuu@mrree.gub.uy

https://embassyofuruguay.us/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Miami, New York, San Francisco" @@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ "text": "830 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military has some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons and border security; in 2020, the military deployed more than 1,000 troops to assist the National Police in securing the land border with Brazil and the riverine border with Argentina as part of a border control law passed in 2018 (2023)" + "text": "the armed forces are responsible for defense of the country’s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity, as well as protecting strategic resources; it has some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons and border security and providing humanitarian/disaster assistance; in 2020, the military deployed more than 1,000 troops to assist the National Police in securing the land border with Brazil and the riverine border with Argentina as part of a border control law passed in 2018; the military trains regularly, including in multinational exercises; it has traditionally held security ties with Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and the US

the Army has 4 regionally based divisions comprised of approximately 8 small brigades of infantry and mechanized cavalry; the Navy includes the Coast Guard, a naval aviation command, and a small naval infantry force; the Navy in recent years has undertaken a modest program to modernize its aging fleet, decommissioning several ships, including its only frigates, and acquiring secondhand patrol vessels from the US Coast Guard; it is also attempting to acquire larger and more modern offshore patrol vessels; the Air Force has a single squadron of light ground attack aircraft (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index e9b84ef2..e6704f11 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -594,13 +594,13 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant); note - the embassy, which had been run by the Venezuelan political opposition, announced on 5 January 2023, that it had ended all embassy functions" }, "chancery": { - "text": "1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" + "text": "1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007; note - closed since 5 January 2023" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 342-2214" + "text": "[1] (202) 342-2214; note - closed since 5 January 2023" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 342-6820" + "text": "[1] (202) 342-6820; note - closed since 5 January 2023" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
despacho.embveus@mppre.gob.ve" @@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2017, women made up more than 20% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "between 2013 and 2017, Venezuela established at least a dozen military-led firms in a variety of economic sectors, such as agriculture, banking, construction, insurance, the media, mining, oil, and tourism; as of 2020, military officers reportedly led at least 60 state-owned companies; as of 2023, 14 of 32 government ministries were controlled by the military, including the ministries of agriculture, food, petroleum, and water

members of the terrorist organizations National Liberation Army (ELN) and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia dissidents (FARC-People's Army and Segundo Marquetalia - see Appendix T) operate in Venezuela, mostly in the states of Amazonas, Apure, Bolivar, Guarico, Tachira, and Zulia; the ELN is assessed to be present in 12 of Venezuela’s 23 states; the groups are particularly active in Apure state; the Venezuelan military has been deployed to the border region to patrol border crossings and has clashed with both the ELN and the FARC dissident groups (2023)" + "text": "the armed forces (FANB) are responsible for ensuring Venezuela’s independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity but also have a domestic role, including assisting with maintaining internal order and law enforcement, contributing to national socio-economic development, and providing disaster/humanitarian assistance; the military conducts security operations in large parts of the country and has been deployed against illegal armed groups operating in the Colombian border region and other areas of the country to combat organized crime gangs involved in narcotics trafficking and illegal mining

the military has a large role in the country’s economy and political sectors; between 2013 and 2017, Venezuela established at least a dozen military-led firms in economic areas, such as agriculture, banking, construction, insurance, the media, mining, oil, and tourism; military officers reportedly lead as many as 60 state-owned companies; as of 2023, 14 of 32 government ministries were controlled by the military, including the ministries of agriculture, food, petroleum, and water

the FANB is deployed throughout the country in 1 maritime and 7 geographical regional commands known as Integral Strategic Defense Regions (Regiones Estrategicas de Defensa Integral or REDI) that are mandated to provide for the defense, security, social, and economic needs of their respective areas of responsibility; the REDIs are further broken down into zones and state commands; the Army has 6 divisional headquarters and approximately 21 combat brigades spread amongst the 7 geographical REDIs; the brigades are a mix of armored, artillery, infantry, military police, motorized cavalry, and special operations forces; some infantry brigades are mechanized or are specialized for airborne, jungle, mountain, or security operations; the Army also has an aviation brigade; the Navy is a coastal defense force and includes commands for operations, aviation, and the coast guard; the operational readiness of the Navy’s ship inventory has been affected by Venezuela’s economic problems; its principal operational warships include 2 frigates and approximately 4 ocean-going patrol ships; it also has 2 attack submarines although they are not assessed to be operational; the Navy has a marine infantry force that includes 7 amphibious or riverine brigades and a special operations brigade; the Air Force has less than 50 US- and Russian-made fighters and multirole fighter aircraft; the National Guard is organized into 9 regional commands which control battalion and regimental size units; the Bolivarian Militia is reportedly divided into a reserve service, a territorial guard component comprised of local battalions and detachments, and a coastal guard force

members of the terrorist organizations National Liberation Army (ELN) and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia dissidents (FARC-People's Army and Segundo Marquetalia - see Appendix T) operate in Venezuela, mostly in the states of Amazonas, Apure, Bolivar, Guarico, Tachira, and Zulia; the ELN is assessed to be present in 12 of Venezuela’s 23 states; the groups are particularly active in Apure state; the Venezuelan military has been deployed to the border region to patrol border crossings and has clashed with both the ELN and the FARC dissident groups (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "The International Maritime Bureau reported three attacks in 2022 where ships were boarded in the territorial and offshore waters of Venezuela, an increase from no attacks in 2021; ports in Venezuela continue to be affected by the crime of armed robbery; the Caribbean Sea remains at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen" @@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

 a major drug transit country and trafficking route in the Western Hemisphere largely destined for the Caribbean, Central America, the United States, West Africa, and Europe for illegal drugs, predominately cocaine; government officials reportedly complicit with illegal armed narcotrafficking groups; little international drug control cooperation;  significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border

" + "text": "

a major drug-transit country and trafficking route in the Western Hemisphere for illegal drugs mainly cocaine;  government depends on rents from narco-trafficking, along with other illicit activities, to maintain power;  evidence of coca cultivation and cocaine production in domestic drug laboratories suggests the country is now also an illicit drug-producing country;  a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

 

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 4d90a1f1..ed498312 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022" + "text": "none; note - the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ "note": "note: The United States has not recognized the Taliban or another entity as the government of Afghanistan. On August 15, 2021, the Taliban culminated its takeover of Kabul, and on September 7, 2021, the Taliban announced a so-called interim government. As of December 2021, the Taliban had not outlined steps or a timeline to establish a new permanent government. All references to “the pre-August 15 government” refer to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. References to the Taliban reflect events both prior to and after August 15." }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

the world’s largest producer of illicit opiates, but it is not a major supplier to the United States; 215,000 hectares (ha) of opium poppy cultivated in Afghanistan in 2020; also produces methamphetamine and cannabis products; one of the highest domestic substance abuse rates in the world

(2022)" + "text": "

the world’s largest supplier of opiates, but it is not a major supplier to the United States; 233,000 hectares (ha) of opium poppy cultivated in Afghanistan in 2022; opium from poppies used to produce morphine and heroin; also produces large quantities of methamphetamine, cannabis, and cannabis products such as hashish; one of the world’s largest populations suffering from substance abuse; major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics:






(2022)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 68c7af67..5e73c245 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -1018,6 +1018,26 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "2 (2023)" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0GW" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "0%" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "1.016 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1282,7 +1302,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "960,539 (Burma) (2023)" + "text": "960,128 (Burma) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "427,000 (conflict, development, human rights violations, religious persecution, natural disasters) (2021)" diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index c1255d03..555cf805 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ "text": "3025 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 483-4025 through 4028" + "text": "[1] (202) 483-4025" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 232-7181" diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 7200780b..844f68d7 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 18 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2027); vice president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 5 August 2022 (next to be held in August 2027); following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by Lok Sabha members of the majority party" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2022: Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6%
2017: Ram Nath KOVIND elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Ram Nath KOVIND (BJP) 65.6%, Meira KUMAR (INC) 34.4%; Venkaiah NAIDU elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Venkaiah NAIDU (BJP) 67.9%, Gopal-krishna GANDHI 32.1%" + "text": "
2022: Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6%

2017: Ram Nath KOVIND elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Ram Nath KOVIND (BJP) 65.6%, Meira KUMAR (INC) 34.4%; Venkaiah NAIDU elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Venkaiah NAIDU (BJP) 67.9%, Gopal-krishna GANDHI 32.1%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "sugar cane, rice, wheat, buffalo milk, milk, potatoes, vegetables, bananas, maize, mangoes/guavas" + "text": "sugarcane, rice, wheat, buffalo milk, milk, potatoes, vegetables, bananas, maize, mangoes/guavas" }, "Industries": { "text": "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals" @@ -1042,6 +1042,26 @@ "text": "2.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "19 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "8" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "6.29GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "3% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "2.7% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "743.214 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1312,7 +1332,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

source and transit point for illicit narcotics and precursor chemicals bound for Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia, and North America; in 2020 India exported over $19 billion of illegal pharmaceutical drugs; illegal opium poppy growing in the Northeast; traffickers retool commercial chemical factories to produce large volumes of ephedrine, methamphetamine, and other drugs illicitly

 

" + "text": "

India is a source, transit, and destination for illicit narcotics and precursor chemicals; drug abuse in India growing, facilitated by illicit narcotics and the availability of over-the-counter medicines; commonly abused substances in India include heroin, cannabis, and cocaine, with growing use of pharmaceutical drugs in recent years including tramadol, opioids, and MDMA (ecstasy) analogues; largest producer of generic drugs in the world which is also used to produce illicit synthetic drugs such as pharmaceutical opioids, methamphetamine, heroin, MDMA, and ketamine

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index a0fec35d..f9471d56 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "7 provinces (pradesh, singular - pradesh); Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali, Lumbini, Madhesh, Province No. One, Sudurpashchim" + "text": "7 provinces (pradesh, singular - pradesh); Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali, Koshi, Lumbini, Madhesh, Sudurpashchim" }, "Independence": { "text": "1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)" @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West

" + "text": "

illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West; destination country for Indian-produced heroin smuggled in for domestic consumption

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 99918190..001c6725 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by the Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 4 September 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on 11 April 2022" }, "election results": { - "text": "2018: Arif ALVI elected president; Electoral College vote - Arif ALVI (PTI) 352, Fazl-ur-REHMAN (MMA) 184, Aitzaz AHSAN (PPP) 124; Imran KHAN elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - Imran KHAN (PTI) 176, Shehbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 96" + "text": "

2018: Arif ALVI elected president; Electoral College vote - Arif ALVI (PTI) 352, Fazl-ur-REHMAN (MMA) 184, Aitzaz AHSAN (PPP) 124; Imran KHAN elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - Imran KHAN (PTI) 176, Shehbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 96

2013: Mamnoon HUSSAIN elected president; Mamnoon HUSSAIN (PML-N) 432 votes, Wajihuddin AHMED (PTI) 77 votes

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1036,6 +1036,26 @@ "text": "0.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "6 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "0" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "3.26GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "10.6% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "8.7% (2021)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "0" + } + }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "4.855 million metric tons (2020 est.)" @@ -1304,7 +1324,7 @@ } }, "Illicit drugs": { - "text": "

minor cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis with 1,400 hectares of poppy cultivated 2016; one of the world’s top transit corridors for opiates and cannabis products along with Afghanistan and Iran; precursor chemicals also pass through Pakistan as a major transit point for global distribution

 

" + "text": "

one of the world’s top transit corridors for opiates and cannabis products trafficked with Afghanistan and Iran; increased synthetic drug smuggling primarily methamphetamine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of heroin and amphetamine-type stimulants

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 588295da..17e01649 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ }, "Geography": { "Geographic overview": { - "text": "

The surface of the Earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large bodies termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Because of their immense size, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are generally divided at the equator into the North and South Pacific Oceans and the North and South Atlantic Oceans, thus creating seven major water bodies - the so-called \"Seven Seas.\"

Some 97.5% of the Earth's water is saltwater. Of the 2.5% that is fresh, about two-thirds is frozen mostly locked up in the Antarctic ice sheets and mountain glaciers worldwide. If all the surface ice on earth fully melted, the sea level would rise about 70 m (230 ft).

In a 100-year period, a water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about two weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere. Groundwater can take 50 years to just traverse 1 km (0.6 mi).

Earth's land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).

North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of five countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey - fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.

Asia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a \"land mass\" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.

Although the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the World, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.

Based on the seven-continent model, and grouping islands with adjacent continents, Africa has the most countries with 54. Europe contains 49 countries and Asia 48, but these two continents share five countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey. North America consists of 23 sovereign states, Oceania has 14, and South America 12.

countries by continent: Africa (54): Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

Europe (49): Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey*, Ukraine, United Kingdom (* indicates part of the country is also in Asia);

Asia (48): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia*, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan*, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russia*, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey*, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen (* indicates part of the country is also in Europe);

North America (23): Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States;

Oceania (14): Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu;

South America (12): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Three of the states described above – France, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom – consist of smaller political entities that are referred to as countries. France considers French Polynesia an overseas country; the Kingdom of the Netherlands refers to all four of its constituent parts (Netherlands [proper], and the islands of Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten) as countries; and the United Kingdom comprises the countries of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. While not recognized as sovereign states, The World Factbook does includes descriptive entries for the French and Dutch island \"countries.\"

the World from space: Earth is the only planet in the Solar System to have water in its three states of matter: liquid (oceans, lakes, and rivers), solid (ice), and gas (water vapor in clouds). From a distance, Earth would be the brightest of the eight planets in the Solar System; this luminous effect would be because of the sunlight reflected by the planet's water.

Earth is also the only planet in the Solar System known to be active with earthquakes and volcanoes due to plate tectonics; these events form the landscape, replenish carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and erase impact craters caused by meteors.

Earth has a slight equatorial bulge - a difference between its equatorial and polar diameters - because of the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation of the planet about its axis. The equatorial diameter is 12,756 km, but the polar diameter is 12,714 km; this results in the Earth's circumference at the equator being 40,075 km, while the polar circumference is 40,008 km.

the physical world: The Earth is composed of three layers: the outer lithosphere (with its crust and uppermost solid mantle), the mantle (the thickest layer, with distinct upper and lower layers), and the core (with an outer (liquid) and inner (solid) core). Researchers have discovered that a transition zone (at a depth of 410-660 km (255-410 mi)) between the upper and lower mantle may well be hydrous (water-bearing). But this hydrous rock would neither feel wet nor drip water. At that depth, high temperatures and pressures structurally transform a mineral called olivine into another mineral ringwoodite - and ringwoodite can incorporate water, but not water in a liquid, solid, or gas form. The high temperatures and pressures cause: 1) water molecules to split, creating hydroxide ions (hydrogen and oxygen atoms bound together), and 2) create structural changes in ringwoodite so that it is able to contain hydroxide ions. Ringwoodite can hold 1 to 3% of its weight in hydroxide ions. Considering that the 250 km-transition zone is about 7% of the Earth's mass (the crust, by comparison, is only about 1%), it could include at least as much (if not several times more) water than all of the Earth's oceans.

" + "text": "

The surface of the Earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion constitutes the World Ocean, the single largest feature of the planet and one that connects all places on the globe. The World Ocean is divided by the intervening continental landmasses into five major ocean basins, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. The World Factbook describes each of these five as oceans. Given the significant differences in direction and temperature of major ocean currents, as well as the effects of the major air masses above them, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are generally divided at the equator into the North and South Pacific Oceans and the North and South Atlantic Oceans, thus creating seven major water bodies - the so-called \"Seven Seas.\"

Some 97.5% of the Earth's water is saltwater. Of the 2.5% that is fresh, about two-thirds is frozen mostly locked up in the Antarctic ice sheets and mountain glaciers worldwide. If all the surface ice on earth fully melted, the sea level would rise about 70 m (230 ft).

In a 100-year period, a water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about two weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere. Groundwater can take 50 years to just traverse 1 km (0.6 mi).

Earth's land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).

North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of five countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey - fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.

Asia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a \"land mass\" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.

Although the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the World, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.

Based on the seven-continent model, and grouping islands with adjacent continents, Africa has the most countries with 54. Europe contains 49 countries and Asia 48, but these two continents share five countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey. North America consists of 23 sovereign states, Oceania has 14, and South America 12.

countries by continent: Africa (54): Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

Europe (49): Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey*, Ukraine, United Kingdom (* indicates part of the country is also in Asia);

Asia (48): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia*, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan*, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russia*, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey*, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen (* indicates part of the country is also in Europe);

North America (23): Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States;

Oceania (14): Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu;

South America (12): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Three of the states described above – France, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom – consist of smaller political entities that are referred to as countries. France considers French Polynesia an overseas country; the Kingdom of the Netherlands refers to all four of its constituent parts (Netherlands [proper], and the islands of Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten) as countries; and the United Kingdom comprises the countries of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. While not recognized as sovereign states, The World Factbook does include descriptive entries for the French and Dutch island \"countries.\"

the World from space: Earth is the only planet in the Solar System to have water in its three states of matter: liquid (oceans, lakes, and rivers), solid (ice), and gas (water vapor in clouds). From a distance, Earth would be the brightest of the eight planets in the Solar System; this luminous effect would be because of the sunlight reflected by the planet's water.

Earth is also the only planet in the Solar System known to be active with earthquakes and volcanoes due to plate tectonics; these events form the landscape, replenish carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and erase impact craters caused by meteors.

Earth has a slight equatorial bulge - a difference between its equatorial and polar diameters - because of the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation of the planet about its axis. The equatorial diameter is 12,756 km, but the polar diameter is 12,714 km; this results in the Earth's circumference at the equator being 40,075 km, while the polar circumference is 40,008 km.

the physical World: The Earth is composed of three layers: the outer lithosphere (with its crust and uppermost solid mantle), the mantle (the thickest layer, with distinct upper and lower layers), and the core (with an outer (liquid) and inner (solid) core). Researchers have discovered that a transition zone (at a depth of 410-660 km (255-410 mi)) between the upper and lower mantle may well be hydrous (water-bearing). But this hydrous rock would neither feel wet nor drip water. At that depth, high temperatures and pressures structurally transform a mineral called olivine into another mineral ringwoodite - and ringwoodite can incorporate water, but not water in a liquid, solid, or gas form. The high temperatures and pressures cause: 1) water molecules to split, creating hydroxide ions (hydrogen and oxygen atoms bound together), and 2) create structural changes in ringwoodite so that it is able to contain hydroxide ions. Ringwoodite can hold 1 to 3% of its weight in hydroxide ions. Considering that the 250 km-transition zone is about 7% of the Earth's mass (the crust, by comparison, is only about 1%), it could include at least as much (if not several times more) water than all of the Earth's oceans.

" }, "Map references": { "text": "Physical Map of the World" @@ -676,6 +676,24 @@ "text": "2.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "410 (2023)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { + "text": "57" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "368.61GW (2023)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "10% (2021)" + }, + "Percent of total energy produced": { + "text": "4.6% (2021)" + }, + "note": "note:  Three countries, the US, France, and China, have 57% of the World's net capacity of operational nuclear reactors" + }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "88.4 million bbl/day (2014 est.)" },