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auto-update week 34
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Yo Robot
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@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Action Movement for Renewal or MAR [Roland BOUITI-VIAUDO]<br>Citizen's Rally or RC [Claude Alphonse NSILOU]<br>Congolese Labour Party or PCT [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO]<br>Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS]<br>Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST [Claudine MUNARI]<br>Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Pascal Tsaty MABIALA]<br>Party for the Unity of the Republic or PUR<br>Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP [Auguste-Celestin GONGARD NKOUA]<br>Prospects and Realities Club or CPR<br>Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Bernard BATCHI]<br>Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP<br>Republican and Liberal Party or PRL [Bonaventure MIZIDY]<br>Union for the Republic or UR<br>Union of Democratic Forces or UDF<br>Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR<br>many smaller parties"
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"text": "Action Movement for Renewal or MAR [Roland BOUITI-VIAUDO]<br>Citizen's Rally or RC [Claude Alphonse NSILOU]<br>Congolese Labour Party or PCT [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO]<br>Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI<br>Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST [Claudine MUNARI]<br>Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Pascal Tsaty MABIALA]<br>Party for the Unity of the Republic or PUR<br>Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP [Auguste-Celestin GONGARD NKOUA]<br>Prospects and Realities Club or CPR<br>Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystère TCHICAYA]<br>Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP<br>Republican and Liberal Party or PRL [Bonaventure MIZIDY]<br>Union for the Republic or UR<br>Union of Democratic Forces or UDF<br>Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR<br>many smaller parties"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "29,185 (Central African Republic), 22,133 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
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"text": "29,168 (Central African Republic), 22,138 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
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},
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"IDPs": {
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"text": "159,830 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)"
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@ -1274,6 +1274,9 @@
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Republican Guard is a division-size element consisting of approximately 5 regiments; it is regarded as the country’s best equipped and trained military unit and is under the direct control of the president"
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},
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"Military expenditures": {
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"Military Expenditures 2021": {
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"text": "0.7% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2020": {
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"text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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@ -1285,9 +1288,6 @@
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2017": {
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"text": "0.9% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $550 million)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2016": {
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"text": "1.3% of GDP (2016 est.) (approximately $650 million)"
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}
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},
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"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
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@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@
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"text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary (men and women) and compulsory (men only) military service; unclear how much conscription is used (2021)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "<p>the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups, however, continue to fight (note - there are over 100 illegal armed groups in the country by some estimates); as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups<br><br></p> MONUSCO, the United Nations peacekeeping and stabilization force in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of February 2022, MONUSCO had around 15,000 personnel; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security"
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"text": "<p>the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups, however, continue to fight and as of 2022, there were over 100 illegal armed groups operating in the country by some estimates; as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although there was also violence in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups<br><br>MONUSCO, the United Nations peacekeeping and stabilization force in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of mid-2022, MONUSCO had around 15,000 personnel; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security</p>"
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}
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},
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"Terrorism": {
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@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "210,067 (Rwanda), 207,118 (Central African Republic), 56,303 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,798 (Burundi) (2022)"
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"text": "210,067 (Rwanda), 206,967 (Central African Republic), 56,303 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,798 (Burundi) (2022)"
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},
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"IDPs": {
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"text": "5.61 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2021)"
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@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
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"text": "18 years of age for military service; no conscription (2021)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; reportedly only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since; the European Union, France, Russia, the UN, and the US have provided various levels of security assistance <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; Russia sent private military contractors, and as of early 2022, there were reportedly as many as 2,000 providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its peacekeeping mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; in November 2019, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the MINUSCA peacekeeping mission another year; as of 2022, MINUSCA had about 14,000 total personnel<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces (2022)"
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"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; reportedly only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since; the European Union, France, Russia, the UN, and the US have provided various levels of security assistance <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; Russia sent private military contractors, and as of early 2022, there were reportedly as many as 2,000 providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its peacekeeping mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; in November 2019, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the MINUSCA peacekeeping mission another year; as of mid-2022, MINUSCA had nearly 15,000 total personnel<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces (2022)"
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}
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},
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"Transnational Issues": {
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "6,298 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2022)"
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"text": "6,318 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2022)"
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},
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"IDPs": {
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"text": "602,134 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2022)"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Center for United Democrats or CDU [Ahmed Mohamed YOUSSOUF, chairman]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]<br>Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]<br>Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development [Daher Ahmed FARAH]<br>Movement for Development and Liberty or MoDel [Ismail Ahmed WABERI]<br>Movement for the Development and Balance of the Djiboutian Nation (Mouvement pour le Dévelopment et l'Équilibre de la Nation Djiboutienne) or MDEND [Zakaria Ismael FARAH]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Aden Robleh AWALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Aden Mohamed ABDOU, interim president]<br>Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PND, PPSD)<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]"
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"text": "Center for United Democrats or CDU [Ahmed Mohamed YOUSSOUF, chairman]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]<br>Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]<br>Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development [Daher Ahmed FARAH]<br>Movement for Development and Liberty or MoDel [Ismail Ahmed WABERI]<br>Movement for the Development and Balance of the Djiboutian Nation (Mouvement pour le Développement et l'Équilibre de la Nation Djiboutienne) or MDEND [Zakaria Ismael FARAH]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Aden Robleh AWALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Aden Mohamed ABDOU, interim president]<br>Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PND, PPSD)<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN]<br>Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [El Etehad el Masri el ARABI]<br>Congress Party [Omar Al-Mokhtar SEMIDA]<br>Conservative Party [El Mohafezin]<br>Democratic Peace Party [Ahmed FADALY]<br>Egyptian National Movement Party [Gen. Raouf EL SAYED]<br>Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Farid ZAHRAN]<br>El Ghad Party [Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA]<br>El Serh El Masry el Hor [Tarek Ahmed Abbas NADIM]<br>Eradet Geel Party<br>Freedom Party [Mamdouuh HASSAN]<br>Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL]<br>Justice Party<br>Homeland’s Protector Party [Lt. Gen. (retired) Galal AL-HARIDI]<br>Modern Egypt Party [Nabil DEIBIS]<br>Nation's Future Party (Mostaqbal Watan) [Abdel Wahab Abdel RAZEQ]<br>My Homeland Egypt Party [Gen. Seif El Islam ABDEL BARY ]<br>National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party [Sayed Abdel AAL]<br>Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT]<br>Republican People’s Party [Hazim AMR]<br>Revolutionary Guards Party [Magdy EL-SHARIF]<br>Wafd Party[Abdel Sanad YAMAMA]"
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"text": "Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN]<br>Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [El Etehad el Masri el ARABI]<br>Congress Party [Omar Al-Mokhtar SEMIDA]<br>Conservative Party [El Mohafezin]<br>Democratic Peace Party [Ahmed FADALY]<br>Egyptian National Movement Party [Gen. Raouf EL SAYED]<br>Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Farid ZAHRAN]<br>El Ghad Party [Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA]<br>El Serh El Masry el Hor [Tarek Ahmed Abbas NADIM]<br>Eradet Geel Party [Tayseer MATAR]<br>Freedom Party [Mamdouuh HASSAN]<br>Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL]<br>Justice Party<br>Homeland’s Protector Party [Lt. Gen. (retired) Galal AL-HARIDI]<br>Modern Egypt Party [Nabil DEIBIS]<br>Nation's Future Party (Mostaqbal Watan) [Abdel Wahab Abdel RAZEQ]<br>My Homeland Egypt Party [Gen. Seif El Islam ABDEL BARY ]<br>National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party [Sayed Abdel AAL]<br>Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT]<br>Republican People’s Party [Hazim AMR]<br>Revolutionary Guards Party [Magdy EL-SHARIF]<br>Wafd Party [Abdel Sanad YAMAMA]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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"text": "information varies; approximately 450,000 active duty personnel (325,000 Army; 18,000 Navy; 30,000 Air Force; 75,000 Air Defense Command); approximately 300,000 Central Security Forces personnel (2022)"
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},
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"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
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"text": "the EAF's inventory is comprised of a mix of domestically produced, imported Soviet-era, and more modern, particularly Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the EAF has embarked on an extensive equipment modernization program with major purchases from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military hardware to Egypt are France, Russia, and the US; Egypt has an established defense industry that produces a range of products from small arms to armored vehicles and naval vessels; it also has licensed and co-production agreements with several countries (2022)"
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"text": "the EAF's inventory is comprised of a mix of domestically produced, imported Soviet-era, and more modern, particularly Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the EAF has embarked on an extensive equipment modernization program with major purchases from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military hardware to Egypt are France, Russia, and the US; Egypt has an established defense industry that produces a range of products from small arms to armored vehicles and naval vessels; it also has licensed and co-production agreements with several countries, including the US (2022)"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 (men and women); 18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 14-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; active service length depends on education; high school drop-outs serve for the full 36 months, while college graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education (2022)",
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"text": "voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 (men and women); 18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation 14-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; active service length depends on education; high school drop-outs serve for the full 36 months, while college graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education (2022)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, conscripts were estimated to comprise over half of the military, as well as a considerable portion of the Central Security Force"
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},
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"Military deployments": {
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 143,803 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
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"text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 143,627 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
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},
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "7 (mid-year 2021)"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]<br>Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]<br>Electoral Coalition or EC<br>Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)<br>National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]<br>National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]<br>National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]<br>Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]<br>Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]<br>Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]<br><strong>not officially registered parties:<br></strong>Citizens for Innovation or CI [Gabriel Nse Obiang OBONO]<br>Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guillermo NGUEMA ELA]<br>Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]"
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"text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]<br>Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO]<br>Electoral Coalition or EC<br>Juntos Podemos (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UDC)<br>National Congress of Equatorial Guinea [Agustin MASOKO ABEGUE]<br>National Democratic Party [Benedicto OBIANG MANGUE]<br>National Union for Democracy [Thomas MBA MONABANG]<br>Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]<br>Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]<br>Center Right Union or UCD [Avelino MOCACHE MEHENGA]<br><strong>not officially registered parties:<br></strong>Citizens for Innovation or CI [Gabriel Nse Obiang OBONO]<br>Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guillermo NGUEMA ELA]<br>Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO NSA]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, , UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Gendarmerie reports to the Ministry of National Defense and is responsible for security outside cities and for special events; military personnel also fulfill some police functions in border areas, sensitive sites, and high-traffic areas"
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},
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"Military expenditures": {
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"Military Expenditures 2021": {
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"text": "1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2020": {
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"text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2019": {
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"text": "1.5% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $270 million)"
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},
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2017": {
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"text": "1.1% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $250 million)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2016": {
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"text": "1.2% of GDP (2016 est.) (approximately $260 million)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2015": {
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"text": "1% of GDP (2015 est.) (approximately $250 million)"
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}
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},
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"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
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},
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"Military and Security": {
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"Military and security forces": {
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||||
"text": "Eritrean Defense Forces: Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Eritrean Defense Forces: Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force); Hizbawi Serawit (aka People's Army or People's Militia) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, women reportedly made up as much as 30% of the Eritrean military"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>in 2020-2021, the EDF assisted the Ethiopian Government in its war with the Tigray regional government, providing ground forces and combat aircraft; during the fighting, the EDF was accused of committing human rights abuses against civilians</p>"
|
||||
"text": "in 2020-2021, the EDF assisted the Ethiopian Government in its war with the Tigray regional government, providing ground forces and combat aircraft; during the fighting, the EDF was accused of committing human rights abuses against civilians (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)<br>House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 410, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Independents 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%"
|
||||
"text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 410, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>notes:</strong> House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@
|
|||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF) (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019 Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which will reportedly be based out of Djibouti<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officials<br><br>"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officials<br><br>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1169,7 +1169,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Gambia Armed Forces: the Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambia Navy, Gambia Air Force, Republican National Guard (responsible for VIP protection, riot control, and presidential security) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Gambian Armed Forces (GAF): the Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambia Navy, Gambia Air Force, Republican National Guard (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the National Guard is responsible for VIP protection, riot control, and presidential security"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1192,13 +1193,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "information varies; approximately 3,000 active troops (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the GNA has a limited equipment inventory; since 2000, it has received only a few secondhand items (2021)"
|
||||
"text": "the GAF has a limited equipment inventory; since 2000, it has received only a few secondhand items (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (18-22 for officers); no conscription; service obligation 6 months (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>in 2017, several members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sent security forces to The Gambia to conduct stability operations and provide assistance and training following the 2016 election; as of 2022, the ECOWAS Mission in the Gambia (ECOMIG) was comprised of about 1,000 military and gendarmerie personnel from Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal</p> <p>the Gambian Armed Forces (GAF) traces its origins to the Gambia Regiment of the British Army; established in 1901, the Gambia Regiment was part of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF, later Royal West African Frontier Force or RWAFF) and served in both World Wars, including the British 1944-45 military campaign in Burma; the Gambia Regiment was disbanded in 1958 and replaced by the Field Force, a police paramilitary unit; the Field Force was responsible for The Gambia’s security until the establishment of the Gambian Armed Forces in 1985; in addition, a defense agreement signed in 1965 between The Gambia and Senegal provided mutual assistance in the face of an external threat; from 1981-1989, The Gambia and Senegal formed a Confederal Army that was made up of two-thirds Senegalese and one-third Gambian soldiers</p> <p>the military in Gambia, including the Field Force, has a history of heavy involvement in the country’s politics, including multiple coups or coup attempts and mutinies; as of 2022, the Gambia Armed Forces’ principal responsibilities included aiding civil authorities in emergencies and providing natural disaster relief</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>in 2017, several members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sent security forces to The Gambia to conduct stability operations and provide assistance and training following the 2016 election; as of 2022, the ECOWAS Mission in the Gambia (ECOMIG) was comprised of about 1,000 military and gendarmerie personnel from Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal</p> <p>as of 2022, the Gambian Armed Forces' (GAF) principal responsibilities included aiding civil authorities in emergencies and providing natural disaster relief the GAF traces its origins to the Gambia Regiment of the British Army; established in 1901, the Gambia Regiment was part of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF, later Royal West African Frontier Force or RWAFF) and served in both World Wars, including the British 1944-45 military campaign in Burma; the Gambia Regiment was disbanded in 1958 and replaced by the Field Force, a police paramilitary unit; the Field Force was responsible for The Gambia’s security until the establishment of the Gambian Armed Forces in 1985; in addition, a defense agreement signed in 1965 between The Gambia and Senegal provided mutual assistance in the face of an external threat; from 1981-1989, The Gambia and Senegal formed a Confederal Army that was made up of two-thirds Senegalese and one-third Gambian soldiers</p> <p>the military in Gambia, including the Field Force, has a history of heavy involvement in the country’s politics, including multiple coups or coup attempts and mutinies; as of 2022, the Gambia Armed Forces’ principal responsibilities included aiding civil authorities in emergencies and providing natural disaster relief</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1178,7 +1178,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Gabonese Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Gabonaise): Land Forces (Army), Navy, Air Forces, National Gendarmerie; Republican Guard (land forces under direct presidential control) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Gabonese Armed Forces (Force Armées Gabonaise or FAG; aka Gabonese Defense and Security Forces): Land Forces (Army), National Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie (includes Coast Guard), Corps of Firemen; Republican Guard (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the National Police Forces, under the Ministry of Interior, and the National Gendarmerie, under the Ministry of Defense, are responsible for law enforcement and public security; elements of the armed forces and the Republican Guard, an elite unit that protects the president under his direct authority, sometimes performed internal security functions"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1201,7 +1202,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "approximately 6,500 active duty troops including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the FDG is lightly armed with a mixed inventory from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, providers have included Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2021)"
|
||||
"text": "the Gabonese military is lightly armed with a mixed inventory from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, providers have included Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -598,19 +598,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president"
|
||||
"text": "President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "formerly, Prime Minister Mohamed BEAVOGUI (since 6 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government of Prime Minister Ibrahima Kassory FOFANA dissolved"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Bernard GOMOU (since 20 August 2022); note - GOMOU had been acting prime minister since 16 July 2022 replacing Mohamed BEAVOGUI who stepped down due to health reasons (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "formerly, the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note: on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and legislature dissolved"
|
||||
"text": "formerly, the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note: the 5 September 2021 military coup arrested and detained the president, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government and legislature "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections/appointments": {
|
||||
"text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) and the prime minister appointed by the president; election last held on 18 October 2020; note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, and on 1 October 2021,Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president"
|
||||
"text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) and the prime minister appointed by the president; election last held on 18 October 2020; note - a new election time table has not been announced by the transitional government"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "in the election of 18 October 2020, Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%; note - following the military coup of 5 September 2021, coup leader Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president on 1 October 2021 (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "in the election of 18 October 2020, Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%; note - following the military coup of 5 September 2021, coup leader Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president on 1 October 2021 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "African Peoples' Party-Cote d'Ivoire or PPA-CI[Laurent GBAGBO]<br>Pan-African Congress for People's Justice and Equalityor COJEP [Charles BLE GOUDE]<br>Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]<br>Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [former pres. [Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN]<br>Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]<br>Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA]<br>Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alassane OUATTARA] <br>Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Henriette DIABATE]<br>Together for Democrary and Sovereignty [Georges Armand OUEGNIN]<br>Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies) [Toikeuse MABRI]<br>Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies) [Toikeuse MABRI]<br>Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONAN]<br>Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeusse MABRI]"
|
||||
"text": "African Peoples' Party-Cote d'Ivoire or PPA-CI [Laurent GBAGBO]<br>Pan-African Congress for People's Justice and Equality or COJEP [Charles BLE GOUDE]<br>Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]<br>Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN]<br>Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]<br>Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA]<br>Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alassane Dramane OUATTARA] <br>Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Henriette DIABATE]<br>Together for Democracy and Sovereignty or EDS [Georges Armand OUEGNIN]<br>Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies) [Toikeuse MABRI]<br>Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONAN]<br>Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeusse MABRI]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@
|
|||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Kenya Defense Forces: Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, Kenya Air Force (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the National Police Service maintains internal security and reports to the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government; it includes a paramilitary General Service Unit<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Kenya Coast Guard Service (established 2018) is under the Ministry of Interior, but led by a military officer and comprised of personnel from the military, as well as the National Police Service, intelligence services, and other government agencies"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the National Police Service maintains internal security and reports to the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government; it includes a paramilitary General Service Unit<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Kenya Coast Guard Service (established 2018) is under the Ministry of Interior but led by a military officer and comprised of personnel from the military, as well as the National Police Service, intelligence services, and other government agencies"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "34,093 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 12,658 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,621 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "34,363 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 12,658 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,621 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Malian Armed Forces (FAMa): Army (Armee de Terre; includes a riverine patrol force), Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM); National Gendarmerie; National Guard (Garde National du Mali) (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "Malian Armed Forces (FAMA): Army (includes a riverine patrol force), Republic of Mali Air Force; National Gendarmerie; National Guard (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Gendarmerie and the National Guard are under the authority of the Ministry of Defense and Veterans Affairs (Ministere De La Defense Et Des Anciens Combattants, MDAC), but operational control is shared between the MDAC and the Ministry of Internal Security and Civil Protection<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>the Gendarmerie's primary mission is internal security and public order; its duties also include territorial defense, humanitarian operations, intelligence gathering, and protecting private property, mainly in rural areas; as of 2021, the Gendarmerie was comprised of approximately 8 paramilitary companies and a mobile intervention unit<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>the National Guard is a military force responsible for providing security to government facilities and institutions, prison service, public order, humanitarian operations, some border security, and intelligence gathering; as of 2021, it had approximately 8 companies of troops, including a camel corps for patrolling the deserts and borders of northern Mali<br><br><strong>note 4: </strong>there are also pro-government militias operating in Mali, such as the Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1239,10 +1239,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active FAMa personnel (includes up to 2,000 Air Force); approximately 5,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active FAMA personnel (includes up to 2,000 Air Force); approximately 5,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 10,000 National Guard (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of mostly second-hand armaments from more than a dozen countries, including Russia (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the FAMA's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of mostly second-hand armaments from more than a dozen countries, including Russia (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service (men and women); 2-year conscript service obligation (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "67,567 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,374 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "10,788 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,374 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "946,508 (violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018, political violence 2019) (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@
|
|||
"aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Lassa fever"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 6 June 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 256,148 cases of COVID-19 or 124.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,148 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.5 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 22 May 2022, 12.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine<br> <strong>note 3: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and <em>that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus</em>; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 18 August 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 262,664 cases of COVID-19 or 127.42 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,147 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.52 cumulative death per 100,000 population<br> <strong>note 3: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and <em>that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus</em>; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "8.9% (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
|
|||
"aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Lassa fever"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 6 June 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 256,148 cases of COVID-19 or 124.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,148 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.5 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 22 May 2022, 12.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine<br> <strong>note 3: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and <em>that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus</em>; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 18 August 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 262,664 cases of COVID-19 or 127.42 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,147 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.52 cumulative death per 100,000 population<br> <strong>note 3: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and <em>that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus</em>; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Food insecurity": {
|
||||
"widespread lack of access": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "President Maj. Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi \"Yemi\" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "President Maj.Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi \"Yemi\" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015)"
|
||||
"text": "President Maj. Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi \"Yemi\" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Federal Executive Council appointed by the president but constrained constitutionally to include at least one member from each of the 36 states"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019, women made up less than 10% of the active military"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and that same year the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, overall progress has limited, and as of early 2022, formation of the National Unified Forces was still pending; in 2022, armed clashes also continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups, including the SPLM<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,300 personnel deployed in the country as of February 2022<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of February 2022, UNISFA had approximately 3,300 personnel deployed"
|
||||
"text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and that same year the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, overall progress has limited, and as of early 2022, formation of the National Unified Forces was still pending; in 2022, armed clashes also continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups, including the SPLM<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 15,000 personnel deployed in the country as of mid-2022<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of mid-2022, UNISFA had approximately 2,000 personnel deployed"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "311,819 (Sudan), 19,312 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "311,819 (Sudan), 19,402 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "2,017,236 (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "76,847 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,354 (Burundi) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "76,530 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,354 (Burundi) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "9,500 (mid-year 2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
|
|||
"water contact diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "schistosomiasis"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2022, South Africa has reported a total of 3,968,205 cases of COVID-19 or 6,690.7 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 101,317 cumulative deaths or a rate of 170.83 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 June 2022, 36.33% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 18 August 2022, South Africa has reported a total of 4,008,988 cases of COVID-19 or 6,759.52 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 101,982 cumulative deaths or a rate of 171.95 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 37.4% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "28.3% (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
|
|||
"water contact diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "schistosomiasis"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2022, South Africa has reported a total of 3,968,205 cases of COVID-19 or 6,690.7 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 101,317 cumulative deaths or a rate of 170.83 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 June 2022, 36.33% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 18 August 2022, South Africa has reported a total of 4,008,988 cases of COVID-19 or 6,759.52 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 101,982 cumulative deaths or a rate of 171.95 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 37.4% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Heather MERRITT (since April 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Reuben E. BRIGETY II (since 11 August 2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia, Pretoria"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Senegalese Armed Forces (Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal), National Gendarmerie (includes Territorial and Mobile components); Ministry of Interior: National Police (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "Senegalese Armed Forces (les Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air du Senegal), National Gendarmerie (includes Territorial and Mobile components); Ministry of Interior: National Police (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Police operates in major cities, while the Gendarmerie primarily operates outside urban areas"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -566,12 +566,12 @@
|
|||
"text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:<br>Senate (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - first held on 10 October 2016 (next to be held by 25 February 2022)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held by 25 February 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Senate - first held on 10 October 2016; last held 27 July - 13 November 2021 (next to be held in 2025)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held September - October 2021 but postponed to November 2021 and extended numerous times to April 2022; next to be held in 2026)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 41, women 13, percent of women 24.1%<br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 208, women 67, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
|
||||
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 40, women 14, percent of women 25.9%<br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 225, women 50, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 19.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People members were sworn in"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People Members of Parliament (MP) were sworn in"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscription is authorized, but not currently utilized (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>as of 2022, large parts of the country remained outside government control and under the control of the insurgent Islamist group al-Shabaab; al-Shabaab contested government control in some other areas (see Appendix T)<br><br>as of 2022, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that lacked the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; in 2020-2021, the Danab Brigade conducted most of the SNA’s offensive operations in Somalia and nearly all counterterrorism operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group; as of 2022, it numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops</p> the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in May 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community<br><br>the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to AMISOM, UNSOM, the Somali National Army, and the Somali Police Force on joint operations with AMISOM<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US and Turkey maintain separate unilateral military training missions in Somalia; the UAE also maintains a military presence in Somalia (Somaliland)"
|
||||
"text": "<p>as of 2022, large parts of the country remained outside government control and under the control of the insurgent Islamist group al-Shabaab; al-Shabaab contested government control in some other areas (see Appendix T)<br><br>as of 2022, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that lacked the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; in 2020-2021, the Danab Brigade conducted most of the SNA’s offensive operations in Somalia and nearly all counterterrorism operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group; as of 2022, it numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops</p> the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in May 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 (updated in 2021) to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community<br><br>the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to AMISOM, UNSOM, the Somali National Army, and the Somali Police Force on joint operations with AMISOM<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia; the UAE also maintains a military presence in Somalia (Somaliland)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maritime threats": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1221,6 +1221,12 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the RSF is a semi-autonomous paramilitary force formed in 2013 to fight armed rebel groups in Sudan, with Mohammed Hamdan DAGALO (aka Hemeti) as its commander (he is also a member of the Sovereign Council); it was initially placed under the National Intelligence and Security Service, then came under the direct command of former president Omar al-BASHIR, who boosted the RSF as his own personal security force; as a result, the RSF was better funded and equipped than the regular armed forces; the RSF has since recruited from all parts of Sudan beyond its original Darfuri Arab groups but remains under the personal patronage and control of DAGALO; the RSF has been accused of committing human rights abuses against civilians; it is also reportedly involved in business enterprises, such as gold mining; in late 2019, Sovereign Council Chairman and SAF Commander-in-Chief General Abd-al-Fatah al-BURHAN said the RSF would be fully integrated into the SAF, but did not give a timeline<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Central Reserve Police is a combat-trained paramilitary force that has been used against demonstrators and sanctioned by the US for human rights abuses"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.4% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $2.08 billion)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1230,12 +1236,6 @@
|
|||
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "3.6% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $2.75 billion)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
|
||||
"text": "2.9% of GDP (2016 est.) (approximately $2.55 billion)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
|
||||
"text": "2.4% of GDP (2015 est.) (approximately $2.64 billion)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> many defense expenditures are probably off-budget"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,300 personnel deployed as of February 2022<br><br>in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a joint security force comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022<br><br>in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a joint security force comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "807,532 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 130,379 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,480 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,555 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 28,035 (Central African Republic) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "807,532 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 130,379 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,480 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,555 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 24,285 (Central African Republic) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "3,036,593 (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "126,971 (Burundi), 80,826 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "126,971 (Burundi), 80,743 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "5,982 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "6,046 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "political parties exist, but conditions for their operations, particularly in elections, are undefined, legally unclear, or culturally restricted; the following are considered political associations:<br>African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Sibusiso DLAMINI]<br>Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Sibongile MAZIBUKO]<br>People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mlungisi MAKHANYA]<br>Swazi Democratic Party or SWADEPA [Vacant]"
|
||||
"text": "political parties exist but conditions for their operations, particularly in elections, are undefined, legally unclear, or culturally restricted; the following are considered political associations:<br>African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Sibusiso DLAMINI]<br>Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Sibongile MAZIBUKO]<br>People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mlungisi MAKHANYA]<br>Swazi Democratic Party or SWADEPA [vacant]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "11,458 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,266 (Mozambique) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "11,523 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,266 (Mozambique) (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue