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auto-update week 39
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
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94 changed files with 226 additions and 224 deletions
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@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "1,948 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 45,491 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 45,889 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)"
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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"text": "<p>a source country for cannabis and an active transshipment point for Albanian narco-trafficking organizations moving illicit drugs into European markets</p>"
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@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "48 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>132,858 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>133,892 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets</p>"
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@ -1299,10 +1299,10 @@
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},
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"Trafficking in persons": {
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"tier rating": {
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"text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Bulgaria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials prosecuted significantly more suspected traffickers, ordered restitution, and drafted an annual national program with increased funding for combating trafficking and protecting victims; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to improve its anti-trafficking capacity; authorities investigated and convicted significantly fewer traffickers, the fewest since the government began reporting trafficking data; courts continued to issue suspended sentences for most convicted traffickers; victim identification and assistance data remained unreliable, making it difficult to accurately assess trafficking; authorities penalized victims for crimes traffickers compelled them to commit; lack of resources, legal authority, and training impeded law enforcement; corruption in law enforcement and the judiciary hindered progress, and alleged complicity in trafficking crimes persisted; therefore, Bulgaria was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2022)"
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"text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Bulgaria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials convicted more traffickers, informally adopted new National Action Plans for 2022 and 2023, and utilized seized assets to supplement shelters and service centers assisting victims; the government mandated specialized training for investigative prosecutors and magistrates and required assignment of trafficking cases to those individuals; the National Investigative Service established a cyber unit, focusing on internet-based exploitation, including trafficking; Bulgaria and Germany cooperated on a bilateral program to combat labor trafficking, information campaigns targeting the large number of Bulgarians seeking jobs in Germany, and a referral mechanism for trafficking cases between countries; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; courts continued to issue suspended sentences for most convicted traffickers; officials did not adequately screen for trafficking indicators or identify victims, particularly among vulnerable groups such as Roma; the government provided limited funding to NGOs for victim services and a national commission for capacity building and implementation of anti-trafficking activities, limiting the sustainability of the government’s anti-trafficking systems; a lack of resources, legal authority, and training impeded law enforcement; corruption in law enforcement and the judiciary hindered progress, and alleged complicity in trafficking crimes persisted; therefore, Bulgaria remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023) "
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},
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"trafficking profile": {
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"text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Bulgaria, and traffickers exploit victims from Bulgaria abroad; Bulgaria remains one of the primary source countries of human trafficking in the EU; vulnerable groups include the unemployed, children in residential care, individuals working in commercial sex, and members of the Romani community; most victims are individuals with disabilities and those with mental health conditions; Bulgarian women and children are exploited in sex trafficking throughout Western Europe and Bulgaria; Bulgarians of Turkish ethnicity and Romani women and girls account for most of the sex trafficking victims in Bulgaria; traffickers typically exploit Bulgarian women and girls from poorer regions and increasingly use the internet or social media to recruit victims; family- or clan-based organizations and independent traffickers are overwhelmingly of Romani ethnicity and usually know the victims, who are also Roma; traffickers exploit Bulgarian men and boys in forced labor across Europe, predominantly in agriculture, construction, and the service sector; Romani children are exploited in forced labor, particularly begging and pick-pocketing in Austria, France, and Sweden; child trafficking cases reportedly are increasing; children are exploited in small family-owned shops, textile production, restaurants, and construction businesses, and some face sexual exploitation in government-run institutions; Ukrainian refugees are highly vulnerable to trafficking (2022)"
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"text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Bulgaria, and traffickers exploit victims from Bulgaria abroad; Bulgaria remains one of the primary source countries of human trafficking in the EU; vulnerable groups include Bulgarians with little education and income, the unemployed, children in residential care, homeless individuals, individuals working in commercial sex, migrants, and Roma; most victims are Roma or individuals with disabilities or mental health conditions; Bulgarians of Turkish ethnicity and Romani women and girls account for most of the sex trafficking victims in Bulgaria; family- or clan-based organizations and independent traffickers are overwhelmingly of Romani ethnicity and usually know the victims, who are also Roma; sex trafficking rings typically consist of Bulgarian traffickers who cooperate with foreign nationals in destination countries but do not have direct ties to organized crime groups; traffickers exploit Bulgarian women and girls in sex trafficking throughout Western Europe and in Bulgaria, and exploit Bulgarian men and boys in forced labor across Europe, predominantly in agriculture, construction, and hospitality industries; Romani children are exploited in forced labor, particularly begging and pick-pocketing in Austria, France, and Sweden; child trafficking cases reportedly are increasing; thousands of Ukrainian refugees fleeing Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and seeking sanctuary in Bulgaria are highly vulnerable to trafficking; corruption among law enforcement and judiciary officials continues to enable some trafficking crimes (2023)"
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}
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "74 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 53,552 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 55,098 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)"
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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"text": "<p>the ROC financial system is vulnerable to money laundering by domestic and foreign criminals; proceeds generated by illicit activity abroad pose a greater threat; primary sources of illicit proceeds are investment fraud, corruption, advance fee fraud, tax evasion, illegal drugs, and tobacco smuggling. Additionally, cybercrime, especially phishing, e-mail hacking, and ransomware use, continues to increase. Criminals have reportedly used ROC banks to launder proceeds, particularly from Russian and Ukrainian illicit activity.</p> <p> </p>"
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@ -652,38 +652,38 @@
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"text": "diversified EU trade-based economy; environmental regulatory innovator; dominant services sector; increased government spending but retaining budget surpluses; currently high inflation; unique \"flexicurity\" labor market"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
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"text": "$352.436 billion (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
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"text": "$339.472 billion (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
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"text": "$323.751 billion (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$330.34 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
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"text": "3.8% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
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"text": "4.86% (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
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"text": "-1.99% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
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"text": "1.49% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
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"text": "$59,700 (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
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"text": "$58,000 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
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"text": "$55,500 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$56,800 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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@ -1206,14 +1206,14 @@
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}
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},
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"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
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"text": "approximately 26,000 active personnel (20,000 Army; 6,000 Air Force) (2022)"
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"text": "approximately 27,000 active personnel (21,000 Army; 6,000 Air Force) (2023)"
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},
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"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
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"text": "the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of Western European origin from such suppliers as Austria, Germany, and Spain; Czechia has a considerable domestic defense industry; during the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was a major producer of tanks, armored personnel carriers, military trucks, and trainer aircraft (2023)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019, Czechia announced a modernization plan to acquire more Western equipment that was compliant with NATO standards, including aircraft and armored vehicles"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2022)",
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"text": "18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2023)",
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2019, women comprised about 13% of the military's full-time personnel"
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},
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"Military deployments": {
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@ -669,38 +669,38 @@
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"text": "highly industrialized, export-based EU economy and euro user; high per capita GDP; major timber, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries; manageable public debts; rigid labor laws impose higher regulatory burdens"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
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"text": "$275.545 billion (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
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"text": "$270.143 billion (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
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"text": "$262.343 billion (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$268.259 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
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"text": "2.1% (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
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"text": "2.97% (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
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"text": "-2.21% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
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"text": "1.22% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Real GDP per capita": {
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"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
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"text": "$49,600 (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
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"text": "$48,800 (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
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"text": "$47,400 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
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"text": "$48,600 (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@
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"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in 2019, women comprised approximately 16% of the uniformed armed forces <br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign five-year contracts<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> in 2018, Parliament passed a law that would require military service for all genders beginning in 2024; President MACRON included the measure in his platform hoping that it would reinvigorate a sense of civic duty; the service would include two components: the first would take place around age 16 and include one month of training and civic service, while the second component would last between three months and a year and be more geared towards defense and security duties; France began a pilot for the program in 2019"
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},
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"Military deployments": {
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"text": "approximately 300 Central African Republic; approximately 1,000 Chad; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote d'Ivoire; approximately 1,400 Djibouti; 300 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 650 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,500 Niger; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2023)",
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"text": "approximately 300 Central African Republic; approximately 1,000 Chad; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote d'Ivoire; approximately 1,400 Djibouti; 300 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 650 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,500 Niger (France has pledged to remove these troops by the end of 2023); approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2023)",
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "4,488 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,250,914 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,257,072 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "2,889 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>820,999 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>832,384 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)"
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets</p> <p> </p>"
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"text": "the military's inventory consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment; in recent years, Germany has been the top supplier of military hardware to Hungary (2023)"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2022)",
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"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2023)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2019, women comprised approximately 20% of Hungary's full-time military personnel"
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},
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"Military deployments": {
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "3,000 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 811,094 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 826,119 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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"text": "<p>important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe</p>"
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"text": "President Egils LEVITS (since 8 July 2019)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister vacant (as of 17 August 2023); note - Krisjanis KARINS stepped down on 17 August 2023"
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"text": "Prime Minister Evika SILINA (since 15 September 2023)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by Parliament"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<em><br>2019:</em> Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61, Didzis SMITS 24, Juris JANSONS 8; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39<br><br><em>2015: </em>Raimonds VEJONIS elected president; Parliament vote - Raimonds VEJONIS (Latvian Green Party) 55, Egils LEVITS (NA) 42"
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}
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> on 15 September 2023, Parliament voted 53-39 to approve Prime Minister Evika SILINA"
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "468 (2022)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 32,873 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 33,178 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
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},
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"Trafficking in persons": {
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"tier rating": {
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"text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Wopke HOEKSTRA]<br>Christian Union or CU [Mirjam BIKKER]<br>Correct Answer 2021 or JA21 [Joost EDERMANS]<br>Democrats 66 or D66 [Sigrid KAAG]<br>Denk [Farid AZARKAN]<br>Farmer-Citizen Movement or BBB [Caroline van der PLAS]<br>50Plus [Martin van ROOIJEN]<br>Forum for Democracy or FvD [Thierry BAUDET]<br>Green Left (GroenLinks) or GL [Jesse KLAVER]<br>Labor Party or PvdA (Attje KUIKEN)<br>Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]<br>Party for the Animals or PvdD [Esther OUWENHAND]<br>People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE]<br>Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Lilian MARIJNISSEN]<br>Together or BIJ1 [Sylvana Simons]<br>Volt Netherlands or Volt [Laurens DASSEN]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
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"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "high-income non-EU European economy; aging labor force; large state-owned energy company constrains budget and spending; largest oil sovereign wealth fund; major fishing, forestry, and extraction industries; large welfare system"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
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"text": "$368.151 billion (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
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"text": "$355.122 billion (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
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"text": "$341.855 billion (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
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"text": "$344.324 billion (2019 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate": {
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"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
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"text": "3.3% (2022 est.)"
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},
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||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
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"text": "3.88% (2021 est.)"
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},
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||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
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||||
"text": "-0.72% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
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||||
"text": "0.75% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$67,500 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$65,700 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "$63,500 (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$64,400 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1215,7 +1215,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Force (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej)<br><br>Ministry of Interior and Administration: Polish National Police (Policja); Border Guard (Straż Graniczna or SG) (2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Polish Armed Forces (Polskie Siły Zbrojne): Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Forces (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej)<br><br>Ministry of Interior and Administration: Polish National Police (Policja); Border Guard (Straż Graniczna or SG) (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2023, Cyberspace Defense Forces (Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni) were in development"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1235,7 +1236,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 120,000 active-duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 25,000 joint service/other; 5,000 active Territorial Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 other Territorial Defense Forces (reserves) (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "approximately 120,000 active-duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 25-30,000 joint service/other); approximately 40,000 Territorial Defense Forces (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced additional plans to increase the size of the military to over 300,000 personnel"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1243,15 +1244,15 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in late 2018, Poland announced a 7-year (through 2026) approximately $50 billion defense modernization plan that would include such items as 5th generation combat aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, rocket artillery, helicopters, submarines, frigates, and improved cyber security; in 2022, it signed large military weapons contracts with South Korea and the US"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> as of 2019, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in May 2022, Poland announced a new 12-month voluntary military service program with recruits going through a 1-month basic training period with a military unit, followed by 11 months of specialized training; upon completion of service, the volunteers would be allowed to join the Territorial Defense Forces or the active reserve, and have priority to join the professional army and be given preference for employment in the public sector; the program is part of an effort to increase the size of the Polish military"
|
||||
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> as of 2019, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in May 2022, Poland announced a new 12-month voluntary military service program with recruits going through a one-month basic training period with a military unit, followed by 11 months of specialized training; upon completion of service, the volunteers would be allowed to join the Territorial Defense Forces or the active reserve, and have priority to join the professional army and be given preference for employment in the public sector; the program is part of an effort to increase the size of the Polish military"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "250 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 200 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Romania (NATO) (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Poland has obligated about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Poland, have committed additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in the Baltic States and eastern Europe"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Poland’s geographic location on NATO’s eastern flank and its history of foreign invasion underpin the Polish military’s heavy focus on territorial and border defense and supporting its NATO and EU security commitments; its chief concern is Russian aggression, particularly following Moscow’s seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale invasion of neighboring Ukraine in 2022, which has led to increased defense spending and modernization efforts, as well as efforts to boost the NATO and US military presence; since 2014, Poland has been hosting several NATO military formations designed to enhance the defense of Poland and NATO’s eastern flank, including a US-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative, NATO fighter detachments at Malbork Air Base, a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Northeast), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate battlegroups in Poland and Lithuania, and a corps-level NATO field headquarters (Multinational Corps Northeast); in 2022, the US announced it would establish a permanent corps headquarters in Poland to command US rotational forces in Europe; Poland also participates in a variety of EU and NATO military deployments in Africa, the Baltic States, Southern Europe, and the Middle East; Poland provided considerable support to the NATO mission in Afghanistan, where more than 30,000 military personnel served over a 20-year period before the mission ended in 2021<br><br>the Polish military is a professional and volunteer force that exercises regularly, including with NATO partners; it is organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces (established 2017), Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command; the Army is organized for a mobile territorial defense with one armored cavalry and three mechanized divisions, complemented by independent airborne, air mobile, and aviation brigades, as well as armored reconnaissance and artillery regiments; the active forces are backed up by the Territorial Defense Forces, which have nearly 20 light infantry brigades manned by part-time reserve personnel; the Navy is a compact force for defending Poland's territorial waters, coastline, and its interests abroad, as well as providing support to NATO missions; its principal warships are two frigates, two corvettes, three attack submarines, and a few fast-attack craft; it also has a considerable force of mine warfare vessels, as well as a naval aviation brigade focused on anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrolling; the Air Force has a mix of about 80 Soviet-era and more modern US fighter aircraft; it has more advanced US (F-35s) and South Korean (FA-50s) on order to replace its Soviet-era inventory beginning in 2024; Poland also has a joint special forces command with air, ground, and maritime components (2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Poland’s geographic location on NATO’s eastern flank and its history of foreign invasion underpin the Polish military’s heavy focus on territorial and border defense and supporting its NATO and EU security commitments; its chief concern is Russian aggression, particularly following Moscow’s seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale invasion of neighboring Ukraine in 2022, which has led to increased defense spending and modernization efforts, as well as efforts to boost the NATO and US military presence; since 2014, Poland has been hosting several NATO military formations designed to enhance the defense of Poland and NATO’s eastern flank, including a US-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative, NATO fighter detachments at Malbork Air Base, a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Northeast), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate battlegroups in Poland and Lithuania, and a corps-level NATO field headquarters (Multinational Corps Northeast); in 2022, the US announced it would establish a permanent corps headquarters in Poland to command US rotational forces in Europe; Poland also participates in a variety of EU and NATO military deployments in Africa, the Baltic States, Southern Europe, and the Middle East; Poland provided considerable support to the NATO mission in Afghanistan, where more than 30,000 military personnel served over a 20-year period before the mission ended in 2021<br><br>the Polish military is a professional and volunteer force that exercises regularly, including with NATO partners; it is organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces (established 2017), Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command; the Army is comprised of several armored cavalry and mechanized infantry divisions, which are complemented by independent airborne, air mobile, and aviation brigades, as well as armored reconnaissance and artillery regiments ; the active forces are backed up by the Territorial Defense Forces, which have nearly 20 light infantry brigades manned by part-time reserve personnel; the Navy is a compact force for defending Poland's territorial waters, coastline, and its interests abroad, as well as providing support to NATO missions; its principal warships are two frigates, two corvettes, three attack submarines, and a few fast-attack craft; it also has a considerable force of mine warfare vessels, as well as a naval aviation brigade focused on anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrolling; the Air Force has a mix of about 80 Soviet-era and more modern US fighter aircraft; it has more advanced US (F-35s) and South Korean (FA-50s) on order to replace its Soviet-era inventory beginning in 2024; Poland also has a joint special forces command with air, ground, and maritime components (2023)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces (aka Army; includes Riverine Component, consisting of a naval flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces, Serbian Guard<br><br>Serbian Ministry of Interior: General Police Directorate (2023)",
|
||||
"text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Army (aka Land Forces; includes Riverine Component, consisting of a naval flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces, Serbian Guard<br><br>Serbian Ministry of Interior: General Police Directorate (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Serbian Guard is a brigade-sized unit that is directly subordinate to the Serbian Armed Forces Chief of General Staff; its duties include safeguarding key defense facilities and rendering military honors to top foreign, state, and military officials <br>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the military's inventory consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; in recent years, China and Russia have been the largest suppliers of arms to Serbia (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished January 2011 (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished in 2011 (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2021, women made up about 16% of the military's full-time personnel"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "2,594 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,004,194 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,007,648 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
"tier rating": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1237,13 +1237,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 75,000 active-duty military personnel (58,000 Land Forces; 7,000 Naval Forces; 10,000 Air Force) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "approximately 70,000 active-duty military personnel (53,000 Land Forces; 7,000 Naval Forces; 10,000 Air Force) (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the military's inventory is comprised mostly of Soviet-era and older domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years it has launched an effort to acquire more Western-origin equipment from European countries and the US, including aircraft and armored vehicles (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36; conscription ended in 2006 (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36; conscription ended in 2006 (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@
|
|||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Spanish Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de España): Army (Ejército de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola; includes Marine Corps), Air and Space Force (Ejército del Aire y del Espacio), Emergency Response Unit (Unidad Militar de Emergencias); Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Emergency Response Unit was established in 2006 as a separate branch for responding to natural disasters and providing disaster relief both domestically and abroad; it has personnel from all the other branches of military service<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> the Spanish National Police ( Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, CNP) and the Civil Guard maintain internal security as well as migration and border enforcement under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior; the regional police under the authority of the Catalan and the Basque Country regional governments and municipal police throughout the country also support domestic security <br><br><strong>note 4:</strong> the military has a Common Corps of four specialized corps that provide professional services to all the branches of the Armed Forces and the Civil Guard, including comptroller, legal, medical, and music services<br><br><strong>note 5: </strong>the Royal Guard is an independent regiment of the military dedicated to the protection of the King and members of the royal family; it is made up of members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Common Corps"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Emergency Response Unit was established in 2006 as a separate branch of service for responding to natural disasters and providing disaster relief both domestically and abroad; it has personnel from all the other military services<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> the Spanish National Police ( Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, CNP) and the Civil Guard maintain internal security as well as migration and border enforcement under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior; the regional police under the authority of the Catalan and the Basque Country regional governments and municipal police throughout the country also support domestic security <br><br><strong>note 4:</strong> the military has a Common Corps of four specialized corps that provide professional services to all the branches of the Armed Forces and the Civil Guard, including comptroller, legal, medical, and music services<br><br><strong>note 5: </strong>the Royal Guard is an independent regiment of the military dedicated to the protection of the King and members of the royal family; it is made up of members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Common Corps"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the military's inventory is comprised of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems; in recent years, leading suppliers have included France, Germany, and the US; Spain's defense industry manufactures land, air, and sea weapons systems and is integrated within the European defense-industrial sector (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 24-36 month initial obligation; women allowed to serve in all branches, including combat units; no conscription (abolished 2001), but the Spanish Government retains the right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency; 18-58 for the voluntary reserves (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 24-36 month initial obligation; women allowed to serve in all branches, including combat units; no conscription (abolished 2001), but the Spanish Government retains the right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency; 18-58 for the voluntary reserves (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> as of 2019, women comprised about 13% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the military recruits foreign nationals with residency in Spain from countries of its former empire, including Argentina, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "6,489 (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>301,166 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-September 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>304,548 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-September 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>a primary European transit point for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection or altered to escape detection Spanish chemists reconstitute it and distribute to Europe; minor domestic drug production; synthetic drugs, including ketamine, new psychoactive substances (NPS), and MDMA transit from Spain to the United States</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -660,38 +660,38 @@
|
|||
"text": "small, open, competitive, and thriving economy that remains outside of the euro zone; has achieved an enviable standard of living, with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$574.877 billion (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$558.427 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "$531.455 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$543.245 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "2.6% (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "5.08% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "-2.17% (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "1.99% (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "$54,800 (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "$53,600 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "$51,300 (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "$52,900 (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the Swiss Guard Corps has protected the Pope and his residence since 1506"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps: 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be a single Roman Catholic male with Swiss citizenship who has completed basic training with the Swiss military and can obtain a certificate of good conduct; qualified candidates must apply to serve; the service contract is between 2 and 25 years (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps: 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be a single Roman Catholic male with Swiss citizenship who has completed basic training with the Swiss military and can obtain a certificate of good conduct; qualified candidates must apply to serve; the service contract is between 2 and 25 years (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue