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auto-update week 20
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Yo Robot
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@ -457,18 +457,6 @@
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"Revenue from coal": {
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"text": "0.45% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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"text": "intermediate (2023)"
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},
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"food or waterborne diseases": {
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"text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
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},
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"vectorborne diseases": {
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"text": "Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever, malaria"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Afghanistan is one of two countries with endemic wild polio virus (the other is Pakistan) and considered high risk for international spread of the disease; before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
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},
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"Food insecurity": {
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"severe localized food insecurity": {
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"text": "<em>due to civil conflict, population displacement, and economic slowdown -</em> between November 2021 and March 2022, during the winter lean season, the food insecurity situation was expected to deteriorate and the number of people in \"Crisis\" or above was likely to increase to 22.8 million, about 35% more than during the same season in 2020/21; following the developments of August 2021 in the country, the international aid flows, an important element of public spending, were halted; the food security situation and agricultural livelihoods in the country is likely to significantly deteriorate in the coming months due to cumulative and cascading impact of multiple shocks, including weather, conflict, economic crisis and the lingering effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)"
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@ -502,7 +490,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "65.33 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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"text": "65.33 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -557,14 +545,11 @@
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"history": {
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"text": "last ratified in 2004"
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},
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"amendments": {
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"text": "formerly proposed by a commission formed by presidential decree followed by the convention of a Grand Council (Loya Jirga) decreed by the president; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Loya Jirga membership and endorsement by the president"
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"text": "several previous; latest ratified in 2004, suspended by the Taliban after taking over the country in 2021"
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}
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "<p>before the Taliban's takeover of Kabul in August 2021, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic (sharia) law; after August 2021, the Taliban’s so-called “interim government” has claimed to be implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, partially based on the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence</p> (2021)"
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"text": "<p>the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence; before the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law</p> (2021)"
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},
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; formerly accepted ICCt jurisdiction"
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@ -588,69 +573,48 @@
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "<p>president (vacant); note – before 15 August, 2021, the president was both chief of state and head of government; President Ashraf GHANI departed the country on 15 August 2021; on 7 September 2021, the Taliban announced Mullah Mohammad HASSAN Akhund as the so-called “acting Prime Minister” of a self-proclaimed “interim government”; as of November 2021, the group had announced three acting self-proclaimed “Deputy Prime Ministers”: Mullah Abdul Ghani BERADER, Mullah Abdul Salam HANAFI, and Maulawi Abdul KABIR</p>"
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"text": "Overall Taliban Leader HAYBATULLAH Akhundzada serves as the head of the Taliban government as Amir-ul Momineen<br>note - on 7 September 2021, the Taliban announced Mohammad HASSAN Akhund as the “acting prime minister” of the \"caretaker government”; as of November 2021, the group had announced three acting “deputy prime ministers” - Abdul Ghani BERADER, Abdul Salam HANAFI, and Abdul KABIR"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "president (vacant); note - President Ashraf GHANI departed the country on 15 August 2021; on 7 September 2021, the Taliban announced Mullah Mohammad HASSAN Akhund as the acting Prime Minister of an interim Taliban government; the US does not recognize the Taliban government; as of November 2021, the group had announced three acting Deputy Prime Ministers: Mullah Abdul Ghani BERADER, Mullah Abdul Salam HANAFI, and Maulawi Abdul KABIR"
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"text": "Overall Taliban Leader HAYBATULLAH Akhundzada serves as the head of the Taliban government as Amir-ul Momineen"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "before 15 August 2021, the cabinet formerly consisted of 25 ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly; the Taliban have announced a self-proclaimed “cabinet” which includes 33 ministries"
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"text": "includes the acting prime minister, acting deputy prime ministers, and 26 ministries"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "the 2004 Afghan constitution directed that the president should be elected by majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 September 2019"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "no elections have been held since 2019; in that election, Ashraf GHANI was declared winner by the Independent Election Commission on 18 February 2020; the IEC declared Ashraf GHANI the winner with 50.6% of the vote, Abdullah ABDULLAH, Dr. 39.5%, other 0.9%"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "before 15 August, 2021, Afghanistan had a bicameral National Assembly that consisted of a House of Elders and a House of People; since August 15, the Taliban’s self-proclaimed “interim government” has not purported to announce the formation of a legislative branch"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "before 15 August, 2021: House of Elders - district councils - held within 5 days of installation; provincial councils - within 15 days of installation; and presidential appointees - within 2 weeks after the presidential inauguration; note - in early 2016, former President Ashraf Ghani extended their mandate until parliamentary and district elections could be held; former House of People - last held on 20 October 2018"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "before 15 August 2021, House of Elders - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 85, women 17, percent of women 16.7%<br>before 15 August 2021, House of People - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 181, women 69, percent of women 27.7%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 24.4%"
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"text": "the Taliban Government has not announced the formation of a legislative branch; before the 2021 Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a bicameral National Assembly that consisted of the House of Elders and House of the People"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "the Taliban’s self-proclaimed “interim government” has a “Supreme Court” (consisting of a supreme court chief and an unknown number of justices); before 15 August, 2021, Afghanistan had a Supreme Court (consisting of a supreme court chief and 8 justices organized into criminal, public security, civil, and commercial divisions)"
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"text": "the Taliban Government has a Supreme Court: number of judges and organizational structure NA; note - before 15 August 2021, Afghanistan had a Supreme Court (consisting of a supreme court chief and 8 justices organized into criminal, public security, civil, and commercial divisions)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "the court chief and justices were appointed by the president with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga; court chief and justices served single 10-year terms"
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"text": "the Taliban Supreme Court judge selection and term of office NA; note - before 15 August 2021, the Supreme Court chief and justices were appointed by the president with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga; court chief and justices served single 10-year terms"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "before 15 August 2021, consisted of Appeals Courts; Primary Courts; and Special Courts for issues including narcotics, security, property, family, and juveniles"
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"text": "the Taliban Government has many provincial-level courts, religious courts, and specialty courts<br>note - before 15 August 2021, consisted of Appeals Courts; Primary Courts; and Special Courts for issues including narcotics, security, property, family, and juveniles"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "the Taliban’s so-called “interim government” includes mostly Taliban members and not other political parties; before 15 August, 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019"
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"text": "the Taliban Government enforces an authoritarian state and has banned other political parties; note - before 15 August 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "before 15 August, 2021, Afghanistan was a member or participant in the following organizations: ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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"text": "member of the following organizations but cannot participate because the international community does not recognize the Taliban Government: ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
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},
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"telephone": {
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"text": "[1] (202) 483-6410"
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},
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"FAX": {
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"text": "[1] (202) 483-6488"
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},
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"email address and website": {
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"text": "<br>info@afghanembassy.us<br><br>https://www.afghanembassy.us/"
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}
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires: Ian McCARY (since August 2021); note – since 15 August 2021, the United States has not yet made a decision whether to recognize the Taliban or any other entity as the Government of Afghanistan"
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"text": "the United States does not maintain a presence in Afghanistan and bases the Department of State's Afghanistan Affairs Unit in Doha, Qatar; note - the US Embassy in Kabul closed in August 2021"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Embassy Kabul, operations have been suspended; Department of State’s Afghanistan Affairs Unit operates from Doha, Qatar. <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
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@ -464,23 +464,6 @@
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"Revenue from coal": {
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"text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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"text": "high (2023)"
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},
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"food or waterborne diseases": {
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"text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever"
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},
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"vectorborne diseases": {
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"text": "dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations"
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},
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"water contact diseases": {
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"text": "leptospirosis"
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},
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"animal contact diseases": {
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"text": "rabies"
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}
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},
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"Food insecurity": {
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"severe localized food insecurity": {
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"text": "<em>due to economic constraints and high prices of important food items -</em> food insecurity is expected to remain fragile, given persisting economic constraints; domestic prices of wheat flour and palm oil, important food items, were at high levels in January 2023; the result of elevated international prices of energy, fuel and food, having been transmitted to the domestic markets (2023)"
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@ -512,7 +495,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "1.227 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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"text": "1.23 trillion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "78 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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"text": "78 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -518,10 +518,10 @@
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"text": "bicameral Parliament or Chi Tshog consists of:<br>non-partisan National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde (25 seats; 20 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 members appointed by the king; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly or Tshogdu (47 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies in a two-round majoritarian voting system; members serve 5-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "<br>National Council election last held on 20 April 2018 (next to be held on 30 April 2023)<br>National Assembly - first round held on 15 September 2018 and second round held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2023)"
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"text": "<br>National Council - last held on 20 April 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>National Assembly - first round held on 15 September 2018 and second round held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2023)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<br>National Council - seats by party - independent 20 (all candidates ran as independents) and 5 appointed by the king; composition - men 23, women 2, percent of women 8%<br>National Assembly - first round - percent of vote by party - DNT 31.9%, DPT 30.9%, PDP 27.4%, BKP 9.8%; second round - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DNT 30, DPT 17; composition - men 40, women 7, percent of women 14.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.5%"
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"text": "<br>National Council - seats by party - independent 20 (all candidates ran as independents) and 5 appointed by the king; composition (elected only) - men 19, women 1, percent of women 5%; note - composition of 5 appointments by the king unavailable as of mid-May 2023<br>National Assembly - first round - percent of vote by party - DNT 31.9%, DPT 30.9%, PDP 27.4%, BKP 9.8%; second round - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DNT 30, DPT 17; composition - men 40, women 7, percent of women 14.9%; note - total Parliament NA"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -450,20 +450,6 @@
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"Revenue from coal": {
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"text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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"text": "intermediate (2023)"
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},
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"vectorborne diseases": {
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"text": "dengue fever"
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},
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"water contact diseases": {
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"text": "leptospirosis"
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},
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"animal contact diseases": {
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"text": "rabies"
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}
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},
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"Food insecurity": {
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"widespread lack of access": {
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"text": "<em>due to serious macroeconomic challenges, significant reduction in 2022 cereal output, and high food prices</em> - severe macroeconomic challenges, mostly reflecting dwindling foreign currency reserves after revenues from merchandise exports, remittances, and from the tourist sector declined dramatically over the last year, have had a negative impact on the country’s capacity to import cereals; the 2022 cereal production sharply declined due to a government ordered reduction in the application of chemical fertilizers; unprecedentedly high food prices are constraining economic access to food for a majority of households"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "52.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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"text": "52.8 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
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"text": "Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)"
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},
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"major-language sample(s)": {
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"text": "<br>विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अपरिहार्य स्त्रोत (Hindi)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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"text": "<p>विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi)</p> The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"Revenue from coal": {
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"text": "1.15% of GDP (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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"text": "very high (2023)"
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},
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"food or waterborne diseases": {
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"text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever"
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},
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"vectorborne diseases": {
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"text": "dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria"
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},
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"water contact diseases": {
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"text": "leptospirosis"
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},
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"animal contact diseases": {
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"text": "rabies"
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}
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},
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"Waste and recycling": {
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"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
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"text": "168,403,240 tons (2001 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "1.9 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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"text": "1.91 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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"text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 18 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2027); vice president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 5 August 2022 (next to be held in August 2027); following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by Lok Sabha members of the majority party"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<br>2022: Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6%<br>2017: Ram Nath KOVIND elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Ram Nath KOVIND (BJP) 65.6%, Meira KUMAR (INC) 34.4%; Venkaiah NAIDU elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Venkaiah NAIDU (BJP) 67.9%, Gopal kuishna GANDI 32.1%"
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"text": "<br>2022: Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6%<br>2017: Ram Nath KOVIND elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Ram Nath KOVIND (BJP) 65.6%, Meira KUMAR (INC) 34.4%; Venkaiah NAIDU elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Venkaiah NAIDU (BJP) 67.9%, Gopal-krishna GANDHI 32.1%"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Patricia A. LACINA (since 9 September 2021)"
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"text": "Ambassador Eric M. GARCETTI (since 11 May 2023)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021"
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@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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"text": "30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]<br>Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party or DRP [Abdulla JABIR]<br>Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam MOHAMED]<br>Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]<br>Maldives Labor and Social Democratic Party or MLSDP [Ahmed SHIHAM]<br>Maldives Third Way Democrats or MTD [Ahmed ADEEB]<br>Maumoon/Maldives Reform Movement or MRM [Ahmed Faris MAUMOON]<br>National Democratic Congress [Yousuf Maaniu]<br>People's National Congress or PNC [Abdul Raheem ABDULLA]<br>Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Abdul GAYOOM]<br>Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM]</p> (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "<p>Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]<br>Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party or DRP [Abdulla JABIR]<br>Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam MOHAMED]<br>Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]<br>Maldives Labor and Social Democratic Party or MLSDP [Ahmed SHIHAM]<br>Maldives Third Way Democrats or MTD [Ahmed ADEEB]<br>Maumoon/Maldives Reform Movement or MRM [Ahmed Faris MAUMOON]<br>National Democratic Congress [Yousuf Maaniu]<br>People's National Congress or PNC [Abdul Raheem ABDULLA]<br>Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Abdullah YAMEEN, Abdul GAYOOM, founder]<br>Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM]</p> (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -453,17 +453,6 @@
|
|||
"Revenue from coal": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "high (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"food or waterborne diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"vectorborne diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||||
"text": "1,768,977 tons (2016 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -487,7 +476,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "210.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "210.2 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -471,21 +471,6 @@
|
|||
"Revenue from coal": {
|
||||
"text": "0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "high (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"food or waterborne diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"vectorborne diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"animal contact diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "rabies"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Pakistan is one of two countries with endemic wild polio virus (the other is Afghanistan) and considered high risk for international spread of the disease; before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Food insecurity": {
|
||||
"severe localized food insecurity": {
|
||||
"text": "<em>due to population displacements, economic constraints, and high prices of the main food staple -</em> according to the latest analysis, about 4.7 million people, 25% of the population, are estimated to be facing high levels of acute food insecurity, between April and June 2022 in 25 districts analyzed in Balochistan, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces; prices of wheat flour, the country’s main staple, were at high levels in most markets in May 2022, constraining access to the staple food (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,7 +508,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "246.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "246.8 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1298,7 +1283,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "1,300 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,970 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 220 Mali (MINUSMA); 290 South Sudan (UNMISS); 220 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Pakistan military operates largely independently and without effective civilian oversight; it has ruled the country for more than 30 years since independence in 1947 and continues to play a significant role in Pakistan's political arena; it also has a large stake in the country’s economic sector and is involved in a diverse array of commercial activities, including banking, construction of public projects, employment services, energy and power generation, fertilizer, food, housing, real estate, and security services<br><br>the military is responsible for external defense but also has a large role in domestic security; its chief external focus is on the perceived threat from India; the military is the lead security agency in many areas of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA); it has considerable operational experience, having engaged in several conflicts with India and conducted counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations for decades against various militant groups in the former FATA; it is also one of the longest serving and largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions; China is its closest security partner<br><br>the Army is the largest component; it has approximately 22 combat divisions, plus about 20 independent combat brigades; the Army also has an inventory of over 5,000 artillery systems organized into divisions and brigades, plus several squadrons of attack helicopters; the Navy operates throughout the Indian Ocean and conducts a variety of missions, including countering piracy, narcotics, and smuggling, protecting Pakistan’s sea lines of communications, multinational security and humanitarian operations, and naval diplomacy; the Navy is in the midst of a large modernization effort; its principal combat ships are a mix of about 14 frigates and corvettes, plus 5 attack submarines; there is also a small marine amphibious force; the Air Force’s combat missions include the air defense of Pakistan and support to the Army and Navy; it has over 400 Chinese-, French-, and US-made combat aircraft <br><br>Pakistan and India have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well as two clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (First Kashmir War of 1947 and the Kargil Conflict of 1999); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003, revised in 2018, and reaffirmed in 2021, although the Line of Control remains contested, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area in 1985, 1987, and 1995; despite a cease-fire, as of 2022 both sides continued to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties were due to extreme weather or the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness<br><br>Pakistan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)"
|
||||
"text": "the Pakistan military operates largely independently and without effective civilian oversight; it has ruled the country for more than 30 years since independence in 1947 and continues to play a significant role in Pakistan's political arena; it also has a large stake in the country’s economic sector and is involved in a diverse array of commercial activities, including banking, construction of public projects, employment services, energy and power generation, fertilizer, food, housing, real estate, and security services<br><br>the military is responsible for external defense but also has a large role in domestic security; its chief external focus is on the perceived threat from India; the military is the lead security agency in many areas of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA); it has considerable operational experience, having engaged in several conflicts with India and conducted counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations for decades against various militant groups in the former FATA; it is also one of the longest serving and largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions; China is its closest security partner<br><br>the Army is the largest component; it has approximately 22 combat divisions, plus about 20 independent combat brigades; the Army also has an inventory of over 5,000 artillery systems organized into divisions and brigades, plus several squadrons of attack helicopters; the Navy operates throughout the Indian Ocean and conducts a variety of missions, including countering piracy, narcotics, and smuggling, protecting Pakistan’s sea lines of communications, multinational security and humanitarian operations, and naval diplomacy; the Navy is in the midst of a large modernization effort; its principal combat ships are a mix of about 15 frigates and corvettes, plus 5 attack submarines; there is also a small marine amphibious force; the Air Force’s combat missions include the air defense of Pakistan and support to the Army and Navy; it has over 400 Chinese-, French-, and US-made combat aircraft <br><br>Pakistan and India have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well as two clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (First Kashmir War of 1947 and the Kargil Conflict of 1999); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003, revised in 2018, and reaffirmed in 2021, although the Line of Control remains contested, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area in 1985, 1987, and 1995; despite a cease-fire, as of 2022 both sides continued to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties were due to extreme weather or the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness<br><br>Pakistan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue