apunkt/factbook.json
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json.git synced 2026-06-28 19:39:38 +02:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

auto-update week 38

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot 2021-09-23 22:17:16 +00:00
parent 304cf46056
commit a1c42b7633
240 changed files with 3848 additions and 3310 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

26
europe/al.json
View file

@ -480,7 +480,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name Tirana first appears in a 1418 Venetian document; the origin of the name is unclear, but may derive from Tirkan Fortress, whose ruins survive on the slopes of Dajti mountain and which overlooks the city"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name Tirana first appears in a 1418 Venetian document; the origin of the name is unclear, but may derive from Tirkan Fortress, whose ruins survive on the slopes of Dajti mountain and which overlooks the city"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Berat, Diber, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Korce, Kukes, Lezhe, Shkoder, Tirane, Vlore"
@ -522,17 +524,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 25 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PS 48.7%, PD-Alliance for Change 39.4%, LSI 6.8%, PSD 2.3%, other 2.8%; seats by party/coalition - PS 74, PD-Alliance for Change 59, LSI 4, PSD 3; composition -men 93, women 47, percent of women 33.6%%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President of the Republic Ilir META (since 24 July 2017)"
@ -550,6 +541,17 @@
"text": "Ilir META elected president; Assembly vote - 87 - 2 in fourth round"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 25 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PS 48.7%, PD-Alliance for Change 39.4%, LSI 6.8%, PSD 2.3%, other 2.8%; seats by party/coalition - PS 74, PD-Alliance for Change 59, LSI 4, PSD 3; composition -men 93, women 47, percent of women 33.6%%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 judges, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the chairman)"

26
europe/an.json
View file

@ -403,7 +403,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> translates as \"Andorra the Old\" in Catalan"
"etymology": {
"text": "translates as \"Andorra the Old\" in Catalan"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria"
@ -445,17 +447,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held&nbsp;on April&nbsp;2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - DA 35.1%, PS 30.6%, L'A 12.5%, Third Way/Lauredian Union 10.4%, other 22.4%; seats by party - DA 11, PS 7, L'A 4, Third Way/Lauredian Union 4, other 2; composition - men 14, women 14, percent of women 50%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAURI (since 20 July 2012)"
@ -473,6 +464,17 @@
"text": "Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held&nbsp;on April&nbsp;2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - DA 35.1%, PS 30.6%, L'A 12.5%, Third Way/Lauredian Union 10.4%, other 22.4%; seats by party - DA 11, PS 7, L'A 4, Third Way/Lauredian Union 4, other 2; composition - men 14, women 14, percent of women 50%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)"

34
europe/au.json
View file

@ -460,7 +460,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from earlier settlements of the area; a Celtic town of Vedunia, established about 500 B.C., came under Roman dominance around 15 B.C. and became known as Vindobona; archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna"
"etymology": {
"text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from earlier settlements of the area; a Celtic town of Vedunia, established about 500 B.C., came under Roman dominance around 15 B.C. and became known as Vindobona; archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)"
@ -502,17 +504,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "16 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed - NA<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 44, women 17, percent of women 27.9% <br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition - men 115, women 68, percent of women 37.2%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 34.8% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)"
@ -530,6 +521,17 @@
"text": "Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed - NA<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 44, women 17, percent of women 27.9% <br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition - men 115, women 68, percent of women 37.2%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 34.8% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)"
@ -1102,8 +1104,11 @@
"text": "Austrian Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)"
@ -1113,9 +1118,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2017)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2016)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {

4
europe/ax.json
View file

@ -93,7 +93,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
"etymology": {
"text": "\"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
}
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {

30
europe/be.json
View file

@ -471,7 +471,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> may derive from the Old Dutch \"bruoc/broek,\" meaning \"marsh\" and \"sella/zele/sel\" signifying \"home\" to express the meaning \"home in the marsh\""
"etymology": {
"text": "may derive from the Old Dutch \"bruoc/broek,\" meaning \"marsh\" and \"sella/zele/sel\" signifying \"home\" to express the meaning \"home in the marsh\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "3 regions (French: regions, singular - region; Dutch: gewesten, singular - gewest); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), Region de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Region Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Region Wallone (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form)",
@ -514,18 +516,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)<br> Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)</p> Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU elections"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%<br><br>Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&amp;V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&amp;V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King PHILIPPE (since 21 July 2013); Heir Apparent Princess ELISABETH (daughter of the monarch, born 25 October 2001)"
@ -540,6 +530,18 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and approved by Parliament"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)<br> Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)</p> Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU elections"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%<br><br>Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&amp;V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&amp;V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof (in Dutch) and Cour Constitutionelle (in French) (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) and Cour de Cassation (in French) (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges)"
@ -1141,7 +1143,7 @@
"text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have a mix of weapons systems from European countries, Israel, and the US; since 2010, France, Germany, and Switzerland are the leading suppliers of armaments; Belgium has an export-focused defense industry that focuses on components and subcontracting (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 100 Mali (EUTM/MINUSMA); est. 260 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)"
"text": "125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 100 Mali (EUTM/MINUSMA); 200 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 <br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"

40
europe/bk.json
View file

@ -478,7 +478,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name derives from the Turkish noun \"saray,\" meaning \"palace\" or \"mansion,\" and the term \"ova,\" signifying \"plain(s),\" to give a meaning of \"palace plains\" or \"the plains about the palace\""
"etymology": {
"text": "the name derives from the Turkish noun \"saray,\" meaning \"palace\" or \"mansion,\" and the term \"ova,\" signifying \"plain(s),\" to give a meaning of \"palace plains\" or \"the plains about the palace\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "3 first-order administrative divisions - Brcko District (Brcko Distrikt) (ethnically mixed), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine) (predominantly Bosniak-Croat), Republika Srpska (predominantly Serb)"
@ -521,17 +523,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:<br>House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Chairman of the Presidency Zeljko KOMSIC&nbsp; (chairman since 20 July 2021; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)"
@ -550,6 +541,17 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Marinko CAVARA (since 11 February 2015); Vice Presidents Melika MAHMUTBEGOVIC (since 11 February 2015), Milan DUNOVIC (since 11 February 2015); President of the Republika Srpska Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (since 18 November 2018); Vice Presidents Ramiz SALKIC (since 24 November 2014), Josip JERKOVIC (since 24 November 2014)"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:<br>House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into 3 divisions - Administrative, Appellate, and Criminal, which includes a War Crimes Chamber)"
@ -1112,6 +1114,12 @@
"text": "Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Oruzanih Snaga Bosne i Hercegovine, OSBiH): Operations Command (includes Army, Air, and Air Defense units), Support Command (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)"
},
@ -1120,12 +1128,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2017)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2016)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
"text": "1% of GDP (2015)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
@ -1158,7 +1160,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "66 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 81,541 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 82,381 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {

34
europe/bo.json
View file

@ -474,7 +474,9 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found "
"etymology": {
"text": "the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16&nbsp;km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "6 provinces (voblastsi, singular - voblasts') and 1 municipality* (horad); Brest, Homyel' (Gomel'), Horad Minsk* (Minsk City), Hrodna (Grodno), Mahilyow (Mogilev), Minsk, Vitsyebsk (Vitebsk)",
@ -517,18 +519,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of:<br>Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%; note - total National Assembly percent of women - NA"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)"
@ -546,6 +536,18 @@
"text": "Aleksandr LUKASHENKO reelected president; percent of vote - Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (independent) 80.2%, Sviatana TSIKHANOUSKAYA (independent) 9.9%, other 9.9%; note - widespread street protests erupted following announcement of the election results amid allegations of voter fraud"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of:<br>Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%; note - total National Assembly percent of women - NA"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman and deputy chairman and organized into several specialized panels, including economic and military; number of judges set by the president of the republic and the court chairman); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 judges, including a chairman and deputy chairman)"
@ -1117,6 +1119,9 @@
"text": "Belarus Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Force, Special Operations Force, Special Troops (electronic warfare, signals, engineers, biological/chemical/nuclear protection troops, etc); Ministry of Interior: State Border Troops, Militia, Internal Troops (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)"
},
@ -1128,9 +1133,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2015)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {

26
europe/bu.json
View file

@ -483,7 +483,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> named after the Saint Sofia Church in the city, parts of which date back to the 4th century A.D."
"etymology": {
"text": "named after the Saint Sofia Church in the city, parts of which date back to the 4th century A.D."
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofia, Sofia-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Targovishte, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol"
@ -525,17 +527,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 July 2021 (next election to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - ITN 23.8%, GERB-SDS 23.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 13.2%, DB 12.5%, DPS 10.6%, ISMV 5%, other 11.7%; seats by party/coalition ITN 65, GERB-SDS 63, BSP for Bulgaria 36, DB 34, DPS 29, ISMV 13"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Rumen RADEV (since 22 January 2017); Vice President Iliana IOTOVA (since 22 January 2017)"
@ -553,6 +544,17 @@
"text": "Rumen RADEV elected president in second round; percent of vote - Rumen RADEV (independent, supported by Bulgarian Socialist Party) 59.4%, Tsetska TSACHEVA (GERB) 36.2%, neither 4.5%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 July 2021 (next election to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - ITN 23.8%, GERB-SDS 23.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 13.2%, DB 12.5%, DPS 10.6%, ISMV 5%, other 11.7%; seats by party/coalition ITN 65, GERB-SDS 63, BSP for Bulgaria 36, DB 34, DPS 29, ISMV 13"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized into 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 justices); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the judiciary"

32
europe/cy.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> a mispronunciation of the city's Greek name Lefkosia and its Turkish name Lefkosa, both of which mean \"White City\"; the Greek name may derive from the Greek phrase \"leuke ousia\" (\"white estate\")"
"etymology": {
"text": "a mispronunciation of the city's Greek name Lefkosia and its Turkish name Lefkosa, both of which mean \"White City\"; the Greek name may derive from the Greek phrase \"leuke ousia\" (\"white estate\")"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta); (all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos); note - the 5 \"districts\" of the \"TRNC\" are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Iskele (Trikomo), Lefkosa (Nicosia)"
@ -527,17 +529,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral \"Assembly of the Republic\" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a&nbsp;hybrid d'Hondt method&nbsp;with voter preferences for individual candidates"
},
"elections": {
"text": "area under government control: last held on 30 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 7 January 2018 (next to be held in 2023, unless early election called)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DiPa 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DiPa 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3;&nbsp;area administered by Turkish Cypriots: \"Assembly of the Republic\" - percent of vote by party - UBP 35.6%, CTP 20.9%, HP 17.1%, TDP 8.6%, DP 7.8%, YDP 7%, 3%; seats by party - UBP 21, CTP 12, HP 9, DP 3, TDP 3, YDP 2"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government&nbsp;"
@ -556,6 +547,17 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 202 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; results - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; the second round to be held on 18 October "
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral \"Assembly of the Republic\" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a&nbsp;hybrid d'Hondt method&nbsp;with voter preferences for individual candidates"
},
"elections": {
"text": "area under government control: last held on 30 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 7 January 2018 (next to be held in 2023, unless early election called)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DiPa 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DiPa 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3;&nbsp;area administered by Turkish Cypriots: \"Assembly of the Republic\" - percent of vote by party - UBP 35.6%, CTP 20.9%, HP 17.1%, TDP 8.6%, DP 7.8%, YDP 7%, 3%; seats by party - UBP 21, CTP 12, HP 9, DP 3, TDP 3, YDP 2"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president); note - the highest court in the \"TRNC\" is the \"Supreme Court\" (consists of 8 \"judges,\" including the \"court president\")"
@ -1128,6 +1130,9 @@
"text": "Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF, includes Army Land Forces, Naval Command, Air Command) (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "1.75% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)"
},
@ -1139,9 +1144,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2016)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
"text": "1.7% of GDP (2015)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {

30
europe/da.json
View file

@ -471,7 +471,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note - applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\" <strong><br></strong>"
"etymology": {
"text": "name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)"
@ -513,17 +515,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 each representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 25.9%, V 23.4%, DF 8.7%, SLP 8.6%, SF 7.7%, EL 6.9%, C 6.6%, A 3.0%, NB 2.4%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, A 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition - men 109, women 70 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.1%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK (elder son of the monarch, born on 26 May 1968)"
@ -538,6 +529,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 each representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 25.9%, V 23.4%, DF 8.7%, SLP 8.6%, SF 7.7%, EL 6.9%, C 6.6%, A 3.0%, NB 2.4%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, A 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition - men 109, women 70 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges)"
@ -1114,8 +1116,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Danish Home Guard (Reserves) (2021)",
"note": "note: the Danish military also maintains a Joint Arctic Command"
"text": "Danish Armed Forces (Forsvaret): Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Danish Home Guard (Reserves) (2021)",
"note": "note: the Danish military maintains a Joint Arctic Command with the mission of protecting the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark in the Arctic Region, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland; it also conducts maritime pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, fishery inspections, search and rescue, hydrographical surveys, and provides support to governmental science missions"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {

4
europe/dx.json
View file

@ -90,7 +90,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
"etymology": {
"text": "\"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
}
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {

12
europe/ee.json
View file

@ -257,7 +257,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 27 European Union countries spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU countries"
"etymology": {
"text": "the 27 European Union countries spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU countries"
}
},
"Member states": {
"text": "<p>27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden; note - candidate countries: Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey</p> <p>there are 13 overseas countries and territories (OCTs) (1 with Denmark [Greenland], 6 with France [French Polynesia; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; New Caledonia; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Wallis and Futuna], and 6 with the Netherlands [Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten]), all are part of the Overseas Countries and Territories Association (OCTA)</p>",
@ -284,6 +286,10 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state"
},
"Executive branch": {
"text": "<p>under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:<br><em>European Council </em>- brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)<br><em>Council of the European Commission</em> - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy<br><em>European Commission</em> - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Belgium) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.</p>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (27 seats; ministers representing the 27 member states) and the European Parliament (705 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, David SASSOLI (Italian center-left), was elected in July 2019 by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation, normally acting in co-decision on Commission proposals (but not in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member state governments)"
@ -295,10 +301,6 @@
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party (as of 31 January 2020) - EPP 187, S&amp;D 148, ALDE/EDP 97, ID 76, Greens/EFA 67, ECR 59, GUE-NGL 40, non-inscripts 31; composition - NA"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"text": "<p>under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:<br><em>European Council </em>- brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)<br><em>Council of the European Commission</em> - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy<br><em>European Commission</em> - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Belgium) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.</p>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state; the ECJ includes 11 Advocates General while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges"

28
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -456,7 +456,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> derived from Irish \"dubh\" and \"lind\" meaning respectively \"black, dark\" and \"pool\" and which referred to the dark tidal pool where the River Poddle entered the River Liffey; today the area is the site of the castle gardens behind Dublin Castle"
"etymology": {
"text": "derived from Irish \"dubh\" and \"lind\" meaning respectively \"black, dark\" and \"pool\" and which referred to the dark tidal pool where the River Poddle entered the River Liffey; today the area is the site of the castle gardens behind Dublin Castle"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow"
@ -498,17 +500,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:<br>Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college consisting of members from the House of Representatives, outgoing Senate members, and city and county council members, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by 2 university constituencies - 3 each from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) and the National University of Ireland)<br> House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br> Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)<br> House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%  <br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)"
@ -526,6 +517,17 @@
"text": "Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:<br>Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college consisting of members from the House of Representatives, outgoing Senate members, and city and county council members, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by 2 university constituencies - 3 each from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) and the National University of Ireland)<br> House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br> Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)<br> House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%  <br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members - the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal - and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law)"
@ -1127,7 +1129,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Irish Defence Forces have approximately 8,700 active duty personnel (7,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 700 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the Irish Defence Forces have approximately 8,700 active duty personnel (7,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 700 Air Force) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Irish Defense Forces have a small inventory of imported weapons systems from a variety of mostly European countries; the UK is the leading supplier of military hardware to Ireland since 2010 (2020)"

26
europe/en.json
View file

@ -493,7 +493,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from \"Taani-linn\" (originally meaning \"Danish castle\", now \"Danish town\") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from \"tali-linn\" (\"winter castle\" or \"winter town\") or \"talu-linn\" (\"home castle\" or \"home town\")"
"etymology": {
"text": "the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from \"Taani-linn\" (originally meaning \"Danish castle\", now \"Danish town\") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from \"tali-linn\" (\"winter castle\" or \"winter town\") or \"talu-linn\" (\"home castle\" or \"home town\")"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular vald)<br><br> <strong>urban municipalities:</strong> Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru<br><br><strong>rural municipalities:</strong> Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, Räpina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori, Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru"
@ -535,17 +537,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal; age 16 for local elections"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 3 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - RE 28.9%, K 23.1%, EKRE 17.8%, Pro Patria 11.4%, SDE 9.8%, other 9%; seats by party - RE 34, K 26, EKRE 19, Pro Patria 12, SDE 10; composition - men 72, women 29, percent of women 28.7%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Kersti KALJULAID (since 10 October 2016)"
@ -563,6 +554,17 @@
"text": "<p>Alar KARIS elected president on 31 August 2021; parliament vote-Alar KARIS (independent) 72 of 101 votes; note – KARIS follows Kersti KALJULAID, who was Estonia's first female president; KALLAS is Estonia's first female prime minister</p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 3 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - RE 28.9%, K 23.1%, EKRE 17.8%, Pro Patria 11.4%, SDE 9.8%, other 9%; seats by party - RE 34, K 26, EKRE 19, Pro Patria 12, SDE 10; composition - men 72, women 29, percent of women 28.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 justices, including the chief justice, and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional review chambers)"

30
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -468,7 +468,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name may derive from an old Slavic root \"praga\" or \"prah\", meaning \"ford\", and refer to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava (Moldau) River"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name may derive from an old Slavic root \"praga\" or \"prah\", meaning \"ford\", and refer to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava (Moldau) River"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)"
@ -510,17 +512,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Milos ZEMAN (since 8 March 2013)"
@ -538,6 +529,17 @@
"text": "Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)"
@ -1105,14 +1107,14 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces: Land Forces; Air Forces; Cyber Forces; Special Forces Directorate (2021)"
"text": "Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces; Air Forces; Cyber Forces; Special Forces Directorate (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "1.34% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.16% of GDP (2019)"
"text": "1.19% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2018": {
"text": "1.13% of GDP (2018)"

28
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -469,7 +469,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name may derive from the Swedish \"helsing,\" an archaic name for \"neck\" (\"hals\"), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; \"fors\" refers to \"rapids,\" so \"helsing fors\" meaning becomes \"the narrows' rapids\""
"etymology": {
"text": "the name may derive from the Swedish \"helsing,\" an archaic name for \"neck\" (\"hals\"), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; \"fors\" refers to \"rapids,\" so \"helsing fors\" meaning becomes \"the narrows' rapids\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]"
@ -511,17 +513,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 14 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 17.7%, Finn Party 17.5%, Kok 17.0%. Centre Party&nbsp; 13.8%, Green League 11.5%, Left Alliance 8.2%; seats by party/coalition -SDP 40, Finn Party 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Green League 20, Left Alliance 16; composition men 107, women 93, percent of women 46.5% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)"
@ -539,6 +530,17 @@
"text": "Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 14 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 17.7%, Finn Party 17.5%, Kok 17.0%. Centre Party&nbsp; 13.8%, Green League 11.5%, Left Alliance 8.2%; seats by party/coalition -SDP 40, Finn Party 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Green League 20, Left Alliance 16; composition men 107, women 93, percent of women 46.5% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities"
@ -1120,7 +1122,7 @@
"text": "2.2% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2019)"

34
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -329,12 +329,12 @@
"text": "the archipelago's name may derive from the Old Norse word \"faer,\" meaning sheep"
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1948"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1948"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Torshavn"
@ -348,7 +348,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the meaning in Danish is Thor's harbor"
"etymology": {
"text": "the meaning in Danish is Thor's harbor"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark; there are 29 first-order municipalities (kommunur, singular - kommuna) Eidhi, Eystur, Famjin, Fuglafjordhur, Fugloy, Hov, Husavik, Hvalba, Hvannasund, Klaksvik, Kunoy, Kvivik, Nes, Porkeri, Runavik, Sandur, Sjovar, Skalavik, Skopun, Skuvoy, Sorvagur, Sumba, Sunda, Torshavn, Tvoroyri, Vagar, Vagur, Vestmanna, Vidhareidhi"
@ -376,17 +378,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023)<br>Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2% <br>Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Lene Moyell JOHANSEN, chief administrative officer (since 15 May 2017)"
@ -404,6 +395,17 @@
"text": "Bardhur A STEIGNIELSEN elected prime minister; Parliament vote - NA"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023)<br>Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2% <br>Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Faroese Court or Raett (Rett - Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system"
@ -826,7 +828,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "no regular military forces or conscription; the Government of Denmark has responsibility for defense; as such, the Danish military&rsquo;s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk, Greenland is responsible for territorial defense of the Faroe Islands; the Joint Arctic Command has a contact element in the capital of Torshavn (2019)"
"text": "no regular military forces or conscription; the Government of Denmark has responsibility for defense; as such, the Danish military&rsquo;s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk, Greenland is responsible for territorial defense of the Faroe Islands; the Joint Arctic Command has a contact element in the capital of Torshavn (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Danish military&rsquo;s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk is responsible for the defense of the Faroe Islands"

31
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -484,7 +484,12 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion<strong><br><br>etymology: </strong>name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then just Paris<br><br><br>"
"time zone note": {
"text": "applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then just Paris"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "18 regions (regions, singular - region); Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (Burgundy-Free County), Bretagne (Brittany), Centre-Val de Loire (Center-Loire Valley), Corse (Corsica), Grand Est (Grand East), Guadeloupe, Guyane (French Guiana), Hauts-de-France (Upper France), Ile-de-France, Martinique, Mayotte, Normandie (Normandy), Nouvelle-Aquitaine (New Aquitaine), Occitanie (Occitania), Pays de la Loire (Lands of the Loire), Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Reunion",
@ -531,17 +536,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)<br> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020)<br> National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)  - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%<br> National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017)"
@ -559,6 +553,17 @@
"text": "<br><em>2017:</em> Emmanuel MACRON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (EM) 24.%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 21.3%, Francois FILLON (LR) 20.%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (FI) 19.6%, Benoit HAMON (PS) 6.4%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 66.1%, LE PEN 33.9%<br><br><em>2012:</em> Francois HOLLANDE elected president; percent of vote in first round - Francois HOLLANDE (PS) 28.6%, Nicolas SARKOZY (UMP) 27.2%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 17.9%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (PG) 11.1%, Francois BAYROU (moDem) 9.1%, other 6.1%; percent of vote in second round - HOLLANDE 51.6%, SARKOZY 48.4%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)<br> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020)<br> National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)  - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%<br> National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)"
@ -1164,7 +1169,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Army (Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (Armee de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Reserves), National Gendarmerie (paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; also has additional duties to the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Justice) (2021)"
"text": "French Armed Forces (Forces Arm&eacute;es Fran&ccedil;aises): Army (Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (Armee de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Reserves), National Gendarmerie (paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; also has additional duties to the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Justice) (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {

32
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -287,12 +287,12 @@
"text": "from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic \"Jabal Tariq,\" which means \"Mountain of Tariq\" and which refers to the Rock of Gibraltar"
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "overseas territory of the UK"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "overseas territory of the UK"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Gibraltar"
@ -306,7 +306,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic \"Jabal Tariq,\" which means \"Mountain of Tariq\" and which refers to the Rock of Gibraltar"
"etymology": {
"text": "from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic \"Jabal Tariq,\" which means \"Mountain of Tariq\" and which refers to the Rock of Gibraltar"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
@ -334,17 +336,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal; and British citizens with six months residence or more"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (18 seats; 17 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by majority vote and 1 appointed by Parliament as speaker; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 17 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 52.5% (GSLP 37.0%, LPG 15.5%), GSD 25.6%; seats by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 10 (GSLP 7, LPG 3), GSD 6; composition of elected members -&nbsp;men 15, women 2, percent of women 11.8% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Sir David STEEL (since 11 June 2020)"
@ -359,6 +350,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed chief minister by the governor"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (18 seats; 17 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by majority vote and 1 appointed by Parliament as speaker; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 17 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 52.5% (GSLP 37.0%, LPG 15.5%), GSD 25.6%; seats by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 10 (GSLP 7, LPG 3), GSD 6; composition of elected members -&nbsp;men 15, women 2, percent of women 11.8% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of at least 3 judges, including the court president); Supreme Court of Gibraltar (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"

32
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -284,12 +284,12 @@
"text": "the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root \"Guern(s)\" is uncertain; the \"-ey\" ending means \"island\""
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "British crown dependency"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "British crown dependency"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Saint Peter Port"
@ -303,7 +303,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> Saint Peter Port is the name of the town and its surrounding parish; the \"port\" distinguishes this parish from that of Saint Peter on the other side of the island"
"etymology": {
"text": "Saint Peter Port is the name of the town and its surrounding parish; the \"port\" distinguishes this parish from that of Saint Peter on the other side of the island"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "none (British Crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes: Castel, Forest, Saint Andrew, Saint Martin, Saint Peter Port, Saint Pierre du Bois, Saint Sampson, Saint Saviour, Torteval, Vale",
@ -332,17 +334,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "16 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 27 April 2016 (next to be held in June 2020)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 38; composition - men 27, women 13, percent of women 32.5%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant-Governor Vice Admiral Ian CORDER (since 14 March 2016)"
@ -360,6 +351,17 @@
"text": "Gavin ST PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 27 April 2016 (next to be held in June 2020)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 38; composition - men 27, women 13, percent of women 32.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats); note - appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"

34
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -475,7 +475,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word \"berl\" or \"birl,\" meaning \"swamp\""
"etymology": {
"text": "the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word \"berl\" or \"birl,\" meaning \"swamp\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, and Thueringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat), while Bremen calls itself a Free Hanseatic City (Freie Hansestadt) and Hamburg considers itself a Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt)"
@ -517,17 +519,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal; age 16 for some state and municipal elections"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br> Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br> Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br> Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br> Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%<br>Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)"
@ -545,6 +536,17 @@
"text": "Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 364 to 315"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br> Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br> Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br> Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br> Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%<br>Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Federal Court of Justice (court consists of 127 judges, including the court president, vice presidents, presiding judges, other judges and organized into 25 Senates subdivided into 12 civil panels, 5 criminal panels, and 8 special panels); Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (consists of 2 Senates each subdivided into 3 chambers, each with a chairman and 8 members)"
@ -1157,14 +1159,14 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the German Federal Armed Forces have approximately 180,000 active duty personnel (62,000 Army; 16,000 Navy; 28,000 Air Force; 27,000 Joint Support Service; 20,000 Medical Service, 13,000 Cyber and Information Space Command; 14,000 other) (2020)",
"note": "note - Germany in 2020 announced it planned to increase the size of the military to about 200,000 troops by 2024"
"text": "approximately 184,000 active duty personnel (63,500 Army; 16,500 Navy; 27,500 Air Force; 27,000 Joint Support Service; 20,000 Medical Service, 14,500 Cyber and Information Space Command; 15,000 other) (2021)",
"note": "note - Germany in 2020 announced it planned to increase the size of the military to about 200,000 troops by 2025"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier of armaments to Germany; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2020)"
"text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier of armaments to Germany; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 500 Lithuania (NATO); 800 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2021)"
"text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 600 Lithuania (NATO); 800 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Federal Republic of Germany joined NATO in May 1955; with the reunification of Germany in October 1990, the states of the former German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany in its membership of NATO"

31
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -480,7 +480,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language"
"etymology": {
"text": "Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "13 regions (perifereies, singular - perifereia) and 1 autonomous monastic state* (aftonomi monastiki politeia); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (East Macedonia and Thrace), Attiki (Attica), Dytiki Ellada (West Greece), Dytiki Makedonia (West Macedonia), Ionia Nisia (Ionian Islands), Ipeiros (Epirus), Kentriki Makedonia (Central Macedonia), Kriti (Crete), Notio Aigaio (South Aegean), Peloponnisos (Peloponnese), Sterea Ellada (Central Greece), Thessalia (Thessaly), Voreio Aigaio (North Aegean)"
@ -522,17 +524,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "17 years of age; universal and compulsory"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat constituencies and 12 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; 8 members in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote; members serve up to 4 years); &nbsp;note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held&nbsp;by July 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - ND 39.9%, SYRIZA 31.5%, KINAL 8.1%, KKE 5.3%, Greek Solution 3.7%, MeRA25 3.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA 86, KINAL 22, KKE 15, Greek Solution 10, MeRA25 9; composition - men 244, women 56, percent of women 18.7%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Ekaterini SAKELLAROPOULOU (since 13 March 2020)"
@ -550,6 +541,17 @@
"text": "Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU&nbsp;(independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes; note - SAKELLAROPOULOU&nbsp;is Greece's first woman president"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat constituencies and 12 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; 8 members in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote; members serve up to 4 years); &nbsp;note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held&nbsp;by July 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - ND 39.9%, SYRIZA 31.5%, KINAL 8.1%, KKE 5.3%, Greek Solution 3.7%, MeRA25 3.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA 86, KINAL 22, KKE 15, Greek Solution 10, MeRA25 9; composition - men 244, women 56, percent of women 18.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) (consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges"
@ -1157,7 +1159,8 @@
"text": "the Hellenic Armed Forces have approximately 130,000 active duty personnel (90,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 25,000 Air Force); approximately 35,000 National Guard (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; Germany is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Greece since 2010, followed by France and the US; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing naval vessels and associated subsystems (2020)"
"text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; Germany is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Greece since 2010, followed by France and the US; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing naval vessels and associated subsystems (2020)",
"note": "note - Greece in 2020 announced plans to boost military acquisitions and its defense industry following tensions with Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 110 Kosovo (NATO); 150 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Jan 2021)"
@ -1186,7 +1189,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,557 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,210,208 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,210,227 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"

38
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -495,7 +495,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name seems to be related to \"digging\"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or \"graba\" and that the name derives from this; \"za\" in Slavic means \"beyond\"; the overall meaning may be \"beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)\""
"etymology": {
"text": "the name seems to be related to \"digging\"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or \"graba\" and that the name derives from this; \"za\" in Slavic means \"beyond\"; the overall meaning may be \"beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska (Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)"
@ -537,6 +539,23 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 December 2019 with a runoff on 5 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2019: </em>Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%<br><br><em>2015:</em> Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms"
@ -549,23 +568,6 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> seats by party as of March 2021 - HDZ 62, SDP 33, DP 9, Most 6, Croatian Sovereignists 4, We Can! 4, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HSS 2, HSLS 2, BZH 1, Center 1, FOKUS 1, GLAS 1, HDS 1, HSU 1, NL 1, Reformists 1, SSIP 1, WF 1, independent 12"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018)&nbsp;"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 December 2019 with a runoff on 5 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)"

29
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called \"Pession\" in ancient times; \"Buda\" may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name"
"etymology": {
"text": "the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called \"Pession\" in ancient times; \"Buda\" may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)</p> <p><strong>counties:</strong> Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala</p> <p><strong>cities with county rights:</strong> Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg</p> <p><strong>capital city:</strong> Budapest</p>"
@ -527,17 +529,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 8 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Momentum Movement 3.1%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 2.9%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15,&nbsp; DK 9, LMP 8, PM 5, Together 1, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Janos ADER (since 10 May 2012)&nbsp;"
@ -555,6 +546,17 @@
"text": "Janos ADER (Fidesz) reelected president; National Assembly vote - 131 to 39; Viktor ORBAN (Fidesz) reelected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 134 to 28"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 8 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Momentum Movement 3.1%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 2.9%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15,&nbsp; DK 9, LMP 8, PM 5, Together 1, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and approximately 91 judges and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
@ -1154,7 +1156,8 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces have approximately 25,000 active duty troops (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces have approximately 23,000 active duty troops (18,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2021)",
"note": "note - in 2017, Hungary announced plans to increase the number of active soldiers to around 37,000, but did not give a timeline"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Hungarian Defense Forces consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment; since 2010, Hungary has received limited quantities of equipment from several European countries and the US (2020)"

26
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -454,7 +454,9 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name means \"smoky bay\" in Icelandic and refers to the steamy, smoke-like vapors discharged by hot springs in the area"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name means \"smoky bay\" in Icelandic and refers to the steamy, smoke-like vapors discharged by hot springs in the area"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "69 municipalities (sveitarfelog, singular - sveitarfelagidh); Akrahreppur, Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggdh, Blonduosbaer, Bolungarvik, Borgarbyggdh, Dalabyggdh, Dalvikurbyggdh, Eyjafjardharsveit, Eyja-og Miklaholtshreppur, Fjallabyggdh, Fjardhabyggdh, Fljotsdalshreppur, Floahreppur, Gardhabaer, Grimsnes-og Grafningshreppur, Grindavikurbaer, Grundarfjardharbaer, Grytubakkahreppur, Hafnarfjordhur, Helgafellssveit, Horgarsveit, Hrunamannahreppur, Hunathing Vestra, Hunavatnshreppur, Hvalfjardharsveit, Hveragerdhi, Isafjardharbaer, Kaldrananeshreppur, Kjosarhreppur, Kopavogur, Langanesbyggdh, Mosfellsbaer, Mulathing, Myrdalshreppur, Nordhurthing, Rangarthing Eystra, Rangarthing Ytra, Reykholahreppur, Reykjanesbaer, Reykjavik, Seltjarnarnes, Skaftarhreppur, Skagabyggdh, Skeidha-og Gnupverjahreppur, Skorradalshreppur, Skutustadhahreppur, Snaefellsbaer, Strandabyggdh, Stykkisholmur, Sudhavikurhreppur, Sudhurnesjabaer, Svalbardhshreppur, Svalbardhsstrandarhreppur, Sveitarfelagidh Arborg, Sveitarfelagidh Hornafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Olfus, Sveitarfelagidh Skagafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Skagastrond, Sveitarfelagidh Vogar, Talknafjardharhreppur, Thingeyjarsveit, Tjorneshreppur, Vestmannaeyjar, Vesturbyggdh, Vopnafjardharhreppur"
@ -496,17 +498,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 28 October 2017 (next to be held in 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - IP 25.2%, LGM 16.9%, SDA 12.1%, CP 10.9%, PP 10.7%, Pirate Party 9.2%, People's Party 6.9%, Reform Party 6.7%. other 1.5%; seats by party - IP 16, LGM 11, SDA 7, CP 7, PP 8, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 4, People's Party 4"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (since 1 August 2016)"
@ -524,6 +515,17 @@
"text": "Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 28 October 2017 (next to be held in 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - IP 25.2%, LGM 16.9%, SDA 12.1%, CP 10.9%, PP 10.7%, Pirate Party 9.2%, People's Party 6.9%, Reform Party 6.7%. other 1.5%; seats by party - IP 16, LGM 11, SDA 7, CP 7, PP 8, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 4, People's Party 4"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 9 judges)"

34
europe/im.json
View file

@ -317,12 +317,12 @@
"text": "the name \"man\" may be derived from the Celtic word for \"mountain\""
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "British crown dependency"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "British crown dependency"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Douglas"
@ -336,7 +336,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> name derives from the Dhoo and Glass Rivers, which flow through the valley in which the town is located and which in Manx mean the \"dark\" and the \"light\" rivers respectively"
"etymology": {
"text": "name derives from the Dhoo and Glass Rivers, which flow through the valley in which the town is located and which in Manx mean the \"dark\" and the \"light\" rivers respectively"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 24 local authorities each with its own elections"
@ -364,18 +366,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "16 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:<br>Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) <br>House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020)<br> House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%<br>House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of January 2019, seats by party - Liberal Vannin 2, independent 22"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Richard GOZNEY (since 27 May 2016)"
@ -393,6 +383,18 @@
"text": "Howard QUAYLE (independent) elected chief minister; Tynwald vote - 21 of 33"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:<br>Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) <br>House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020)<br> House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%<br>House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of January 2019, seats by party - Liberal Vannin 2, independent 22"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Isle of Man High Court of Justice (consists of 3 permanent judges or \"deemsters\" and 1 judge of appeal; organized into the Staff of Government Division or Court of Appeal and the Civil Division); the Court of General Gaol Delivery is not formally part of the High Court but is administered as though part of the High Court and deals with serious criminal cases; note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"

30
europe/it.json
View file

@ -491,7 +491,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city and its first king"
"etymology": {
"text": "by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city and its first king"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>15 regions (regioni, singular - regione) and 5 autonomous regions (regioni autonome, singular - regione autonoma)</p> <p><strong>regions:</strong> Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto;</p> <p><strong>autonomous regions:</strong> Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sardegna (Sardinia), Sicilia (Sicily), Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German), Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallee d'Aoste (French)</p>"
@ -533,18 +535,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:<br>Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37.5% (L 17.6%, FI 14.4%, FdI 4.3%, UdC 1.2%), M5S 32.2%, center-left coalition (PD 19.1%, +E 2.3%, I 0.5%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%), LeU 3.3%; seats by party - center-right coalition 77(L 37, FI 33, FdI 7), M5S 68, center-left coalition 44(PD 43, SVP-PATT 1), LeU 4; composition - men 208, women 113, percent of women 35.2%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37% (L 17.4%, FI 14%, FdI 4.4%, UdC 1.3%), M5S 33%, center-left coalition 22.9% (PD 18.8%, E+ 2.6%, I 0.6%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%); seats by party - center-right coalition 151 (L73, FI 59, FdI 19), M5S 133, center-left coalition 88 (PD 86, SVP 2), LeU 14; composition - men 405, women 225, percent of women 35.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.5%"
},
"note": "<strong>Note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the 2023 election"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015)"
@ -562,6 +552,18 @@
"text": "Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 1,009 (505-vote threshold)"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:<br>Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37.5% (L 17.6%, FI 14.4%, FdI 4.3%, UdC 1.2%), M5S 32.2%, center-left coalition (PD 19.1%, +E 2.3%, I 0.5%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%), LeU 3.3%; seats by party - center-right coalition 77(L 37, FI 33, FdI 7), M5S 68, center-left coalition 44(PD 43, SVP-PATT 1), LeU 4; composition - men 208, women 113, percent of women 35.2%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37% (L 17.4%, FI 14%, FdI 4.4%, UdC 1.3%), M5S 33%, center-left coalition 22.9% (PD 18.8%, E+ 2.6%, I 0.6%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%); seats by party - center-right coalition 151 (L73, FI 59, FdI 19), M5S 133, center-left coalition 88 (PD 86, SVP 2), LeU 14; composition - men 405, women 225, percent of women 35.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.5%"
},
"note": "<strong>Note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the 2023 election"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (consists of the first president (chief justice), deputy president, 54 justices presiding over 6 civil and 7 criminal divisions, and 288 judges; an additional 30 judges of lower courts serve as supporting judges; cases normally heard by 5-judge panels; more complex cases heard by 9-judge panels); Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (consists of the court president and 14 judges)"
@ -1205,7 +1207,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,000 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 564,472 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 566,393 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling"

32
europe/je.json
View file

@ -328,12 +328,12 @@
"text": "the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root \"Jer(s)\" is uncertain; the \"-ey\" ending means \"island\""
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "British crown dependency"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "British crown dependency"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Saint Helier"
@ -347,7 +347,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> named after Saint Helier, the patron saint of Jersey, who was reputedly martyred on the island in A.D. 555"
"etymology": {
"text": "named after Saint Helier, the patron saint of Jersey, who was reputedly martyred on the island in A.D. 555"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 12 parishes; Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint Martin, Saint Mary, Saint Ouen, Saint Peter, Saint Saviour, and Trinity"
@ -375,17 +377,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "16 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 16 May 2018 (next to be held on 16 May 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49; composition - men 36, women 13, percent of 26.5%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Stephen DALTON (since 13 March 2017)"
@ -400,6 +391,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; Council of Ministers, including the chief minister, indirectly elected by the Assembly of States; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 16 May 2018 (next to be held on 16 May 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49; composition - men 36, women 13, percent of 26.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners and lay people referred to as jurats, and is organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Samedi Divisions); appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"

29
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -323,7 +323,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name may derive from a Proto-Slavic word reconstructed as \"pryshchina,\" meaning \"spring (of water)\""
"etymology": {
"text": "the name may derive from a Proto-Slavic word reconstructed as \"pryshchina,\" meaning \"spring (of water)\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "38 municipalities (komunat, singular - komuna (Albanian); opstine, singular - opstina (Serbian)); Decan (Decani), Dragash (Dragas), Ferizaj (Urosevac), Fushe Kosove (Kosovo Polje), Gjakove (Dakovica), Gjilan (Gnjilane), Gllogovc (Glogovac), Gracanice (Gracanica), Hani i Elezit (Deneral Jankovic), Istog (Istok), Junik, Kacanik, Kamenice (Kamenica), Kline (Klina), Kllokot (Klokot), Leposaviq (Leposavic), Lipjan (Lipljan), Malisheve (Malisevo), Mamushe (Mamusa), Mitrovice e Jugut (Juzna Mitrovica) [South Mitrovica], Mitrovice e Veriut (Severna Mitrovica) [North Mitrovica], Novoberde (Novo Brdo), Obiliq (Obilic), Partesh (Partes), Peje (Pec), Podujeve (Podujevo), Prishtine (Pristina), Prizren, Rahovec (Orahovac), Ranillug (Ranilug), Shterpce (Strpce), Shtime (Stimlje), Skenderaj (Srbica), Suhareke (Suva Reka), Viti (Vitina), Vushtrri (Vucitrn), Zubin Potok, Zvecan"
@ -365,17 +367,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - VV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serb List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - VV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serb List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition - NA"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Vjosa OSMANI (since 4 April 2021); note: President Hashim THACI (since 7 April 2016) resigned 5 November 2020"
@ -393,6 +384,17 @@
"text": "Vjosa OSMANI elected president in the third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI (VV) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (VV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67-30"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - VV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serb List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - VV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serb List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition - NA"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges and organized into Appeals Panel of the Kosovo Property Agency and Special Chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)"
@ -928,6 +930,9 @@
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2020)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; as of 2021, it numbered about 3,500 troops; KFOR also assists in developing the Kosovo Security Force"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF<br> (2019)"
}

28
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -496,7 +496,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> of the several theories explaining the name's origin, the one relating to the city's role in Baltic and North Sea commerce is the most probable; the name is likely related to the Latvian word \"rija,\" meaning \"warehouse,\" where the 'j' became a 'g' under the heavy German influence in the city from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century"
"etymology": {
"text": "of the several theories explaining the name's origin, the one relating to the city's role in Baltic and North Sea commerce is the most probable; the name is likely related to the Latvian word \"rija,\" meaning \"warehouse,\" where the 'j' became a 'g' under the heavy German influence in the city from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>36 municipalities (novadi, singular - novads) and 7 state cities (valstpilsetu pasvaldibas, singular valstspilsetas pasvaldiba)</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Adazi, Aizkraukle, Aluksne, Augsdaugava, Balvi, Bauska, Cesis, Dienvidkurzeme, Dobele, Gulbene, Jekabpils, Jelgava, Kekava, Kraslava, Kuldiga, Limbazi, Livani, Ludza, Madona, Marupe, Ogre, Olaine, Preili, Rezekne, Ropazi, Salaspils, Saldus, Saulkrasti, Sigulda, Smiltene, Talsi, Tukums, Valka, Valmiera, Varaklani, Ventspils</p> <p><strong>cities:</strong> Daugavpils, Jelgava, Jurmala, Liepaja, Rezekne, Riga, Ventspils</p>"
@ -538,17 +540,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 6 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - SDPS 19.8%, KPV LV 14.3%, JKP 13.6%, AP! 12%, NA 11%, ZZS 9.9%, V 6.7%, other 12.7%; seats by party - SDPS 23, KPV LV 16, JKP 16, AP! 13, NA 13, ZZS 11, V 8; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Egils LEVITS (since 8 July 2019)"
@ -566,6 +557,17 @@
"text": "Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61 votes,&nbsp;Didzis SMITS 24, Juris JANSONS 8; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 6 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - SDPS 19.8%, KPV LV 14.3%, JKP 13.6%, AP! 12%, NA 11%, ZZS 9.9%, V 6.7%, other 12.7%; seats by party - SDPS 23, KPV LV 16, JKP 16, AP! 13, NA 13, ZZS 11, V 8; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Senate with 36 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)"
@ -1154,7 +1156,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the National Armed Forces of Latvia have approximately 6,000 active duty troops (5,000 Land Forces; 500 Naval Force/Coast Guard; 500 Air Force) (2021)"
"text": "the National Armed Forces of Latvia have approximately 6,500 active duty troops (5,500 Land Forces; 500 Naval Force/Coast Guard; 500 Air Force; note - some Land Forces are considered joint forces); 8,200 National Guard (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Latvian military's inventory is limited and consists of a mixture of Soviet-era and more modern--mostly second-hand--European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received&nbsp; limited amounts of equipment from several European countries, as well as the US (2020)"

26
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -489,7 +489,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> named after the Vilnia River, which flows into the Neris River at Vilnius; the river name derives from the Lithuanian word \"vilnis\" meaning \"a surge\""
"etymology": {
"text": "named after the Vilnia River, which flows into the Neris River at Vilnius; the river name derives from the Lithuanian word \"vilnis\" meaning \"a surge\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai"
@ -531,17 +533,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, Freedom 11, DP 10, AWPL 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, Greens 1, independent 4; composition - men 103, women 38, percent of women 27%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)"
@ -559,6 +550,17 @@
"text": "Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%; Saulius SKVERNELIS (LVZS) approved as prime minister by Parliament vote - 62 to 10"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, Freedom 11, DP 10, AWPL 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, Greens 1, independent 4; composition - men 103, women 38, percent of women 27%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)"

28
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -455,7 +455,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence and may derive from later transliterations of the 9th century military commander, Braslav, or the 11th century Bohemian Duke Bretislav I; alternatively, the name may derive from the Slovak words \"brat\" (brother) and \"slava\" (glory)"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence and may derive from later transliterations of the 9th century military commander, Braslav, or the 11th century Bohemian Duke Bretislav I; alternatively, the name may derive from the Slovak words \"brat\" (brother) and \"slava\" (glory)"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina"
@ -497,17 +499,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 29 February 2020 (next to be held March 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina 8.2%, LSNS 8%, PS-SPOLU 7%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi 5.8%, other 21.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12, PS-SPOLU 0; composition - men 120, women 30, percent of women 20%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2019)"
@ -525,6 +516,17 @@
"text": "<em><br>2019:</em> Zuzana CAPUTOVA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%<br><br><em>2014:</em> Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 29 February 2020 (next to be held March 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina 8.2%, LSNS 8%, PS-SPOLU 7%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi 5.8%, other 21.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12, PS-SPOLU 0; composition - men 120, women 30, percent of women 20%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)"
@ -1109,7 +1111,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Slovakian military consists mostly of Soviet-era platforms; since 2010, it has imported limited quantities of equipment from China, Czechia, Italy, Russia, and the US (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (Jan 2021)"
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 175 Latvia (NATO) (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004"

26
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -375,7 +375,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> may be a conflation from the Latin \"vallis\" (valley) and the High German \"diutisk\" (meaning \"German\") to produce \"Valdutsch\" (German valley), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town"
"etymology": {
"text": "may be a conflation from the Latin \"vallis\" (valley) and the High German \"diutisk\" (meaning \"German\") to produce \"Valdutsch\" (German valley), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz"
@ -417,17 +419,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in 2 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - FBP 35.9%, VU 35.9%, FL 12.9%, DpL 11.1%, independent 4.2%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 10, FL 3, DpL 2; composition - men 18, women 7, percent of women 28%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Prince HANS-ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers on 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS (son of the monarch, born 11 June 1968); note - 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS-ADAM II retains status of chief of state"
@ -442,6 +433,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Parliament usually appointed the head of government by the monarch, and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in 2 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - FBP 35.9%, VU 35.9%, FL 12.9%, DpL 11.1%, independent 4.2%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 10, FL 3, DpL 2; composition - men 18, women 7, percent of women 28%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgericht (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)"

26
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -450,7 +450,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name derives from the Celtic \"lucilem\" (little) and the German \"burg\" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the \"little castle\"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the city that grew around the fortress"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name derives from the Celtic \"lucilem\" (little) and the German \"burg\" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the \"little castle\"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the city that grew around the fortress"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "12 cantons (cantons, singular - canton); Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz"
@ -492,17 +494,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on&nbsp;14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - CSV 28.3%, LSAP 17.6%, DP 16.9%, Green Party 15.1%, ADR 8.3%, Pirate Party 6.4%, The Left 5.5%, other 1.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 12, LSAP 10, Green Party 9, ADR 4, Pirate Party 2, The Left 2; composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)"
@ -517,6 +508,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on&nbsp;14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - CSV 28.3%, LSAP 17.6%, DP 16.9%, Green Party 15.1%, ADR 8.3%, Pirate Party 6.4%, The Left 5.5%, other 1.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 12, LSAP 10, Green Party 9, ADR 4, Pirate Party 2, The Left 2; composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)"

27
europe/md.json
View file

@ -477,7 +477,10 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)\r\n<strong>etymology:</strong> origin unclear but may derive from the archaic Romanian word \"chisla\" (\"spring\" or \"water source\") and \"noua\" (\"new\") because the original settlement was built at the site of a small spring"
"etymology": {
"text": "origin unclear but may derive from the archaic Romanian word \"chisla\" (\"spring\" or \"water source\") and \"noua\" (\"new\") because the original settlement was built at the site of a small spring"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>32 raions (raioane, singular - raion), 3 municipalities (municipii, singular - municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)</p> <p><strong>raions:</strong> Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Balti, Bender, Chisinau</p> <p><strong>autonomous territorial unit:</strong> Gagauzia</p> <p><strong>territorial unit:</strong> Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)</p>"
@ -519,17 +522,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 51 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 50 members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; all members serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>last held on 11 July 2021 (next scheduled for July 2025)</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS (PSRM+PCRM) 27.1%, SOR 5.7%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6</p>"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Maia SANDU (since 24 December 2020)"
@ -547,6 +539,17 @@
"text": "Maia SANDU elected president; percent of vote (second round results) - Maia SANDU (PAS) 57.7%, Igor DODON (PSRM) 42.3%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 51 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 50 members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; all members serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>last held on 11 July 2021 (next scheduled for July 2025)</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS (PSRM+PCRM) 27.1%, SOR 5.7%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government"

30
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -503,7 +503,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name translates as \"beneath Gorica\"; the meaning of Gorica is \"hillock\"; the reference is to the small hill named Gorica that the city is built around"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name translates as \"beneath Gorica\"; the meaning of Gorica is \"hillock\"; the reference is to the small hill named Gorica that the city is built around"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "24 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Tuzi, Ulcinj, Zabljak"
@ -545,17 +547,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 30 August 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 35.1%, ZBCG 32.6%, MNIM 12.5%, URA 5.5%, SD 4.1%, BS 3.9%, SDP 3.1%, AL 1.6%, AK 1.1%, other 0.4%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 30, ZBCG 27, MNIM 10, URA 4, BS 3, SD 3, SDP 2, AL 1, AK 1.; composition - men 57, women 24, percent of women 29.6%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 20 May 2018)"
@ -573,6 +564,17 @@
"text": "Milo DJUKANOVIC elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Milo DJUKANOVIC (DPS) 53.9%, Mladen BOJANIC (independent) 33.4%, Draginja VUKSANOVIC (SDP) 8.2%, Marko MILACIC (PRAVA) 2.8%, other 1.7%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 30 August 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 35.1%, ZBCG 32.6%, MNIM 12.5%, URA 5.5%, SD 4.1%, BS 3.9%, SDP 3.1%, AL 1.6%, AK 1.1%, other 0.4%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 30, ZBCG 27, MNIM 10, URA 4, BS 3, SD 3, SDP 2, AL 1, AK 1.; composition - men 57, women 24, percent of women 29.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges)"
@ -1115,7 +1117,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "the Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro are a joint force with land, air, and naval elements (2020)"
"text": "the Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: joint force with land, air, and naval elements (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1157,7 +1159,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "472 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 19,759 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 19,792 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
}
}
}

26
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -478,7 +478,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> Skopje derives from its ancient name Scupi, the Latin designation of a classical era Greco-Roman frontier fortress town; the name may go back even further to a pre-Greek, Illyrian name"
"etymology": {
"text": "Skopje derives from its ancient name Scupi, the Latin designation of a classical era Greco-Roman frontier fortress town; the name may go back even further to a pre-Greek, Illyrian name"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "70 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina) and 1 city* (grad); Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Caska, Centar Zupa, Cesinovo-Oblesevo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Skopje*, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vrapciste, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci"
@ -520,17 +522,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly -&nbsp;Sobraine in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last election was to be held on 12 April 2020 but was postponed until 15 July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - We Can 35.9%, Renewal 34.6%, BDI 11.5%, AfA-Alternative 9%, The Left 4.1%, PDSh 1.5%, other 3.4%; seats by party/coalition - We Can 46, Renewal 44, BDI 15, AfA-Alternative 12, The Left 2, PDSh 1"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Stevo PENDAROVSKI (since 12 May 2019)"
@ -548,6 +539,17 @@
"text": "Stevo PENDAROVSKI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 44.8%, Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 44.2%, Blenim REKA (independent) 11.1%; percent of vote in second round - Stevo PENDAROVSKI 53.6%, Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA 46.4%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly -&nbsp;Sobraine in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last election was to be held on 12 April 2020 but was postponed until 15 July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - We Can 35.9%, Renewal 34.6%, BDI 11.5%, AfA-Alternative 9%, The Left 4.1%, PDSh 1.5%, other 3.4%; seats by party/coalition - We Can 46, Renewal 44, BDI 15, AfA-Alternative 12, The Left 2, PDSh 1"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 22 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)"

22
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -442,17 +442,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 8 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Priorite Monaco 57.7%, Horizon Monaco 26.1%, Union Monegasque 16.2%; seats by party - Priorite Monaco 21, Horizon Monaco 2, Union Monegasque 1; composition - men 16, women 8, percent of women 33.3%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)"
@ -467,6 +456,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 8 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Priorite Monaco 57.7%, Horizon Monaco 26.1%, Union Monegasque 16.2%; seats by party - Priorite Monaco 21, Horizon Monaco 2, Union Monegasque 1; composition - men 16, women 8, percent of women 33.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)"

32
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -469,7 +469,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> named in honor of Jean de Valette, the Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (crusader knights), who successfully led a defense of the island from an Ottoman invasion in 1565"
"etymology": {
"text": "named in honor of Jean de Valette, the Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (crusader knights), who successfully led a defense of the island from an Ottoman invasion in 1565"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "68 localities (Il-lokalita); Attard, Balzan, Birgu, Birkirkara, Birzebbuga, Bormla, Dingli, Fgura, Floriana, Fontana, Ghajnsielem, Gharb, Gharghur, Ghasri, Ghaxaq, Gudja, Gzira, Hamrun, Iklin, Imdina, Imgarr, Imqabba, Imsida, Imtarfa, Isla, Kalkara, Kercem, Kirkop, Lija, Luqa, Marsa, Marsaskala, Marsaxlokk, Mellieha, Mosta, Munxar, Nadur, Naxxar, Paola, Pembroke, Pieta, Qala, Qormi, Qrendi, Rabat, Rabat (Ghawdex), Safi, San Giljan/Saint Julian, San Gwann/Saint John, San Lawrenz/Saint Lawrence, Sannat, San Pawl il-Bahar/Saint Paul's Bay, Santa Lucija/Saint Lucia, Santa Venera/Saint Venera, Siggiewi, Sliema, Swieqi, Tarxien, Ta' Xbiex, Valletta, Xaghra, Xewkija, Xghajra, Zabbar, Zebbug, Zebbug (Ghawdex), Zejtun, Zurrieq"
@ -511,17 +513,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age (16 in local council elections); universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral House of Representatives or Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati, a component of the Parliament of Malta (normally 65 seats but can include at-large members; members directly elected in 5 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the parliament elected in 2013 had 69 seats; an additional two seats were added in 2016 by the Constitutional Court to correct for mistakes made in the 2013 vote-counting process"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022); note - Prime Minister MUSCAT called for early elections amid corruption allegations"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PL 55%, PN 43.7%, other 1.3%; seats by party - PL 37 PN 30; note - PN was awarded two additional seats for a total of 30 in accordance with the proportionality provisions specified in the constitution; PD candidates ran under the PN list; composition - men 57, women 10, percent of women 14.9%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President George VELLA (since 4 April 2019)&nbsp;"
@ -539,6 +530,17 @@
"text": "George VELLA (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous; Joseph MUSCAT (PL) reappointed prime minister"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral House of Representatives or Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati, a component of the Parliament of Malta (normally 65 seats but can include at-large members; members directly elected in 5 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the parliament elected in 2013 had 69 seats; an additional two seats were added in 2016 by the Constitutional Court to correct for mistakes made in the 2013 vote-counting process"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022); note - Prime Minister MUSCAT called for early elections amid corruption allegations"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PL 55%, PN 43.7%, other 1.3%; seats by party - PL 37 PN 30; note - PN was awarded two additional seats for a total of 30 in accordance with the proportionality provisions specified in the constitution; PD candidates ran under the PN list; composition - men 57, women 10, percent of women 14.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 judges); Court of Criminal Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges)"
@ -1079,6 +1081,9 @@
"text": "Armed Forces of Malta (AFM, includes land, maritime, and air elements, plus a Volunteer Reserve Force) (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "0.6% of GDP (2020)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)"
},
@ -1090,9 +1095,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "0.5% of GDP (2016)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
"text": "0.5% of GDP (2015)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {

32
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -472,7 +472,12 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the original Dutch name, Amstellerdam, meaning \"a dam on the Amstel River,\" dates to the 13th century; over time the name simplified to Amsterdam"
"time zone note": {
"text": "time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the original Dutch name, Amstellerdam, meaning \"a dam on the Amstel River,\" dates to the 13th century; over time the name simplified to Amsterdam"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie), 3 public entities* (openbare lichamen, singular - openbaar lichaam (Dutch); entidatnan publiko, singular - entidat publiko (Papiamento)); Bonaire*, Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Saba*, Sint Eustatius*, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland)",
@ -518,17 +523,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:<br>First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023)<br>Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7%<br>Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)"
@ -543,6 +537,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:<br>First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023)<br>Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7%<br>Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers"
@ -1142,7 +1147,8 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have approximately 35,000 active duty personnel (15,000 Army; 7,500 Navy; 6,500 Air Force; 6,000 Constabulary) (2020)"
"text": "the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have approximately 35,000 active duty personnel (15,000 Army; 7,500 Navy; 6,500 Air Force; 6,000 Constabulary) (2020)",
"note": "note - the Navy includes about 2,300 marines"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Netherlands Armed Forces consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands, followed by several European countries; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2020)"

28
europe/no.json
View file

@ -470,7 +470,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the medieval name was spelt \"Aslo\"; the \"as\" component refered either to the Ekeberg ridge southeast of the town (\"as\" in modern Norwegian), or to the Aesir (Norse gods); \"lo\" refered to \"meadow,\" so the most likely interpretations would have been either \"the meadow beneath the ridge\" or \"the meadow of the gods\"; both explanations are considered equally plausible"
"etymology": {
"text": "the medieval name was spelt \"Aslo\"; the \"as\" component refered either to the Ekeberg ridge southeast of the town (\"as\" in modern Norwegian), or to the Aesir (Norse gods); \"lo\" refered to \"meadow,\" so the most likely interpretations would have been either \"the meadow beneath the ridge\" or \"the meadow of the gods\"; both explanations are considered equally plausible"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "18 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Telemark, Troms, Trondelag, Vest-Agder, Vestfold"
@ -515,17 +517,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Ap 27.4%, H 25%, FrP 15.2%, SP 10.3%, SV 6%, V 4.4%, KrF 4.2%, MDG 3.2%, R 2.4%, other/invalid 1.9%; seats by party - Ap 49, H 45, FrP 27, SP 19, SV 11, V 8, KrF 8, MDG 1, R 1; composition - men 99, women 70, percent of women 41.4%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (son of the monarch, born 20 July 1973)"
@ -540,6 +531,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.4%, SP 13.5%, FrP 11.6%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF .2%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, V 8, R 8, KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)"
@ -552,7 +554,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]<br>Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Kjell Ingolf ROPSTADT]<br>Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]<br>Green Party or MDG [Rasmus HANSSON and Une Aina BASTHOLM]<br>Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]<br>Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI GRANDE]<br>Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN]<br>Red Party or R [Bionar MOXNES]<br>Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]"
"text": "<p>Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]<br>Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Kjell Ingolf ROPSTADT] <br>Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG] <br>Green Party or MDG [Une Aina BASTHOLM]  <br>Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE] <br>Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]<br>Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]<br>Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG] <br>Red Party or R [Bionar MOXNES]<br>Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"

30
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -499,7 +499,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the origin of the name is unknown; the Polish designation \"Warszawa\" was the name of a fishing village and several legends/traditions link the city's founding to a man named Wars or Warsz"
"etymology": {
"text": "the origin of the name is unknown; the Polish designation \"Warszawa\" was the name of a fishing village and several legends/traditions link the city's founding to a man named Wars or Warsz"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "16 voivodships [provinces] (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie (Lodz), Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie (Opole), Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)"
@ -541,18 +543,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral legislature consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br> Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)<br> Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%<br> Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)"
@ -570,6 +560,18 @@
"text": "<em><br>2020:</em> Andrzej DUDA reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%<br><br><em>2015:</em> Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral legislature consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br> Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)<br> Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%<br> Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
@ -1161,7 +1163,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Force (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej); Ministry of the Interior: Border Guard (includes coast guard duties) (2021)",
"note": "note: the Polish Armed Forces are organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces, Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command"
"note": "note: the Polish Armed Forces are organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces (established 2017), Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {

37
europe/po.json
View file

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens of African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990, Eastern Europeans have migrated to Portugal"
"text": "white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens from Portugal&rsquo;s former colonies in Africa and Asia and other foreign born"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)"
@ -482,7 +482,12 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city \"Olisippo\" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became \"Ulixbona,\" under the Arabs it was \"al-Ushbuna\"; the medieval version of \"Lissabona\" became today's Lisboa"
"time zone note": {
"text": "Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city \"Olisippo\" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became \"Ulixbona,\" under the Arabs it was \"al-Ushbuna\"; the medieval version of \"Lissabona\" became today's Lisboa"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu"
@ -524,17 +529,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79,&nbsp; B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)"
@ -553,6 +547,17 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79,&nbsp; B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)"
@ -1168,11 +1173,11 @@
"Military deployments": {
"text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

31
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -502,7 +502,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the Serbian \"Beograd\" means \"white fortress\" or \"white city\" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city"
"etymology": {
"text": "the Serbian \"Beograd\" means \"white fortress\" or \"white city\" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>119 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina) and 26 cities (gradovi, singular - grad)</p><p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Ada*, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar*, Apatin*, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac*, Backa Palanka*, Backa Topola*, Backi Petrovac*, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej*, Bela Crkva*, Bela Palanka, Beocin*, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bor, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka*, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija*, Irig*, Ivanjica, Kanjiza*, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica*, Kovin*, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula*, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos*, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja*, Nova Varos, Novi Becej*, Novi Knezevac*, Odzaci*, Opovo*, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci*, Petrovac na Mlavi, Plandiste*, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma*, Secanj*, Senta*, Sid*, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran*, Sremski Karlovci*, Stara Pazova*, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin*, Titel*, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas*, Vrnjacka Banja, Zabalj*, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste*, Zitorada; </p><p><strong>cities:</strong> Beograd, Cacak, Jagodina, Kikinda*, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pirot, Pozarevac, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Valjevo, Vranje, Vrsac*, Zajecar, Zrenjanin*</p>",
@ -545,18 +547,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina (250 seats; members directly elected by party list proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 21 June 2020 (originally scheduled for 26 April 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic) (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) -&nbsp; men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> seats by party as of May 2019  - SNS 91, SRS 22, SPS 20, DS 13, SDPS 10, PUPS 9, Dveri 6, JS 6, LDP 4, SDS 4, SVM 4, other 36, independent 25; composition - men 157, women 93, percent of women 37.2%"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Aleksandar VUCIC (since 31 May 2017)"
@ -574,6 +564,17 @@
"text": "Aleksandar VUCIC elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 55.1%, Sasa JANKOVIC (independent) 16.4%, Luka MAKSIMOVIC (independent) 9.4%, Vuk JEREMIC (independent) 5.7%, Vojislav SESELJ (SRS) 4.5%, Bosko OBRADOVIC (Dveri) 2.3%, other 5.0%, invalid/blank 1.6%; Prime Minister Ana BRNABIC reelected by the National Assembly on 5 October 2020"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina (250 seats; members directly elected by party list proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 21 June 2020 (originally scheduled for 26 April 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic) (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) -&nbsp; men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of 36 judges, including the court president); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
@ -1132,7 +1133,7 @@
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "2.4% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "2.2% of GDP (2019)"
@ -1174,7 +1175,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,144 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 787,266 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,165 migrants and refugees as of April 2021"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 789,409 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering"

26
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> related to the Romanian word \"bucura\" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is \"to be glad (happy)\"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to \"city of joy\""
"etymology": {
"text": "related to the Romanian word \"bucura\" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is \"to be glad (happy)\"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to \"city of joy\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea"
@ -527,17 +529,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Klaus Werner IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)"
@ -555,6 +546,17 @@
"text": "Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%,&nbsp;Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9%; Ludovic ORBAN approved as prime minister with 240 votes"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)"

26
europe/si.json
View file

@ -474,7 +474,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> likely related to the Slavic root \"ljub\", meaning \"to like\" or \"to love\"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word \"ljubljena\" meaning \"beloved\""
"etymology": {
"text": "likely related to the Slavic root \"ljub\", meaning \"to like\" or \"to love\"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word \"ljubljena\" meaning \"beloved\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>201 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica,</p> <p>Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk</p> <p><strong>urban municipalities:</strong> Celje, Koper, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje</p>"
@ -516,17 +518,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br> National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br> National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022)<br>National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held no later than 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br> National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012)"
@ -544,6 +535,17 @@
"text": "<em><br>2017:</em> Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%; Janez JANSA (SDS) elected prime minister on 3 March 2020, National Assembly vote - 52-31<br><br><em>2012:</em> Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR (SD) 67.4%, Danilo TURK (independent) 32.6%; note - a snap election was held on 13 July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK on 5 May 2014; Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br> National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br> National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022)<br>National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held no later than 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br> National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)"

34
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -390,7 +390,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced"
"etymology": {
"text": "named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle"
@ -432,20 +434,9 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by December 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - PDCS 33.3%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 24.7% (RETE Movement 18.2%, Domani Motus Liberi 6.2%, other 0.3%), Free San Marino 16.5%, We for the Republic 13.1%, Future Republic 10.3%, I Elect for a New Republic 2%; seats by coalition/party - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, Domani Motus Liberi 4), Free San Marino 10, We for the Republic 8, Future Republic 6; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Alessandro CARDELLI and Captain Regent Mirko DOLCINI (for the period 1 October 2020 - 31 March 2021)"
"text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Giancarlo VENTURINI and Captain Regent Marco NICOLINI (for the period 1 April 2021 - 1 October 2021)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)"
@ -461,6 +452,17 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by December 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - PDCS 33.3%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 24.7% (RETE Movement 18.2%, Domani Motus Liberi 6.2%, other 0.3%), Free San Marino 16.5%, We for the Republic 13.1%, Future Republic 10.3%, I Elect for a New Republic 2%; seats by coalition/party - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, Domani Motus Liberi 4), Free San Marino 10, We for the Republic 8, Future Republic 6; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court"
@ -821,11 +823,11 @@
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings); the Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

33
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -499,7 +499,12 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the Romans named the original settlement \"Matrice\" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became \"Majerit,\" meaning \"source of water\"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became \"Matrit,\" which over time changed to \"Madrid\""
"time zone note": {
"text": "Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the Romans named the original settlement \"Matrice\" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became \"Majerit,\" meaning \"source of water\"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became \"Matrit,\" which over time changed to \"Madrid\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia; Aragon; Asturias; Canarias (Canary Islands); Cantabria; Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-Leon; Cataluna (Castilian), Catalunya (Catalan), Catalonha (Aranese) [Catalonia]; Ceuta*; Comunidad Valenciana (Castilian), Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian) [Valencian Community]; Extremadura; Galicia; Illes Baleares (Balearic Islands); La Rioja; Madrid; Melilla*; Murcia; Navarra (Castilian), Nafarroa (Basque) [Navarre]; Pais Vasco (Castilian), Euskadi (Basque) [Basque Country]",
@ -542,17 +547,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)<br> Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)<br> Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39%<br> Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,  Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total  General Courts percent of women 43.7%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR, Princess of Asturias (daughter of the monarch, born 31 October 2005)"
@ -571,6 +565,17 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)<br> Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)<br> Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39%<br> Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,  Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total  General Courts percent of women 43.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room, with a president and 9 judges; the Penal Room, with a president and 14 judges; the Administrative Room, with a president and 32 judges; the Social Room, with a president and 12 judges; and the Military Room, with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)"
@ -1159,7 +1164,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE, includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA); Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) (2021)",
"note": "note: the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance"
"note": "note - the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1211,7 +1216,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,914 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>229,740 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note: 193,257</strong> estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime"

32
europe/sv.json
View file

@ -177,12 +177,12 @@
"text": "12th century Norse accounts speak of the discovery of a \"Svalbard\" - literally \"cold shores\" - but they may have referred to Jan Mayen Island or eastern Greenland; the archipelago was traditionally known as Spitsbergen, but Norway renamed it Svalbard in the 1920s when it assumed sovereignty of the islands"
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920), sovereignty was awarded to Norway"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "non-self-governing territory of Norway"
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920), sovereignty was awarded to Norway"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Longyearbyen"
@ -196,7 +196,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906"
}
},
"Independence": {
"text": "none (territory of Norway)"
@ -207,17 +209,6 @@
"Citizenship": {
"text": "see Norway"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Longyearbyen Community Council (15 seats; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year-terms); note - the Council acts very much like a Norwegian municipality, responsible for infrastructure and utilities, including power, land-use and community planning, education, and child welfare; however, healthcare services are provided by the state"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "seats by party - Conservatives 5, Labor Party 5, Liberals 3, Green Party 2"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince Haakon MAGNUS (son of the king, born 20 July 1973)"
@ -229,6 +220,17 @@
"text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Longyearbyen Community Council (15 seats; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year-terms); note - the Council acts very much like a Norwegian municipality, responsible for infrastructure and utilities, including power, land-use and community planning, education, and child welfare; however, healthcare services are provided by the state"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "seats by party - Conservatives 5, Labor Party 5, Liberals 3, Green Party 2"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "none; note - Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso"

26
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -469,7 +469,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> \"stock\" and \"holm\" literally mean \"log\" and \"islet\" in Swedish, but there is no consensus as to what the words refer to"
"etymology": {
"text": "\"stock\" and \"holm\" literally mean \"log\" and \"islet\" in Swedish, but there is no consensus as to what the words refer to"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland"
@ -511,17 +513,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; 310 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 39 members in \"at-large\" seats directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 9 September 2018 (next to be held in 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - SAP 28.3%, M 19.8%, SD 17.5%, C 8.6%, V 8%, KD 6.3%, L 5.5%, MP 4.4%, other 1.6%; seats by party - SAP 100, M 70, SD 62, C 31, V 28, KD 22, L 20, MP 16; composition - men 188, women 161, percent of women 46.1%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree (daughter of the monarch, born 14 July 1977)"
@ -536,6 +527,17 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; 310 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 39 members in \"at-large\" seats directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 9 September 2018 (next to be held in 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - SAP 28.3%, M 19.8%, SD 17.5%, C 8.6%, V 8%, KD 6.3%, L 5.5%, MP 4.4%, other 1.6%; seats by party - SAP 100, M 70, SD 62, C 31, V 28, KD 22, L 20, MP 16; composition - men 188, women 161, percent of women 46.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)"

32
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -464,7 +464,9 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement  "
"etymology": {
"text": "origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Geneve (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich",
@ -507,17 +509,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:<br>Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons which use proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)<br> National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, other 1; composition - NA <br> National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, CVP 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 10.1%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP 29, Green Party 28, CVP 25, GLP 16, other 10; composition - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "<p>President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2021); Vice President  Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2021); note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president</p>"
@ -535,6 +526,17 @@
"text": "Guy PARMELIN elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 192 of 205; Ignazio CASSIS elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 162 of 199"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:<br>Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons which use proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)<br> National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, other 1; composition - NA <br> National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, CVP 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 10.1%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP 29, Green Party 28, CVP 25, GLP 16, other 10; composition - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions)"
@ -1110,6 +1112,9 @@
"text": "Swiss Armed Forces: Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)"
},
@ -1121,9 +1126,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2016)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2015)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {

37
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -474,7 +474,12 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain"
"time zone note": {
"text": "the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p><strong>England:</strong> 26 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*);</p> <p><strong>two-tier counties:</strong> Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire</p> <p><strong>London boroughs and City of London or Greater London:</strong> Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster</p> <p><strong>metropolitan districts:</strong> Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton</p> <p><strong>unitary authorities:</strong> Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York</p> <p><strong>Northern Ireland:</strong> 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils;</p> <p><strong>borough councils:</strong> Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim</p> <p><strong>district councils:</strong> Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down</p> <p><strong>city councils:</strong> Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh</p> <p><strong>Scotland:</strong> 32 council areas;</p> <p><strong>council areas:</strong> Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian</p> <p><strong>Wales:</strong> 22 unitary authorities;</p> <p><strong>unitary authorities:</strong> Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham</p>"
@ -519,17 +524,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2019, 796 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 679 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence<br> House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)<br> House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>House of Lords - composition - men 579, women 217, percent of women 27.3%<br>House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 43.6%, Labor 32.1%, Lib Dems 11.6%, SNP 3.9%, Greens 2.7%, Brexit Party 2.0%, other 4.1%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 9; composition - men 430, women 220, percent of women 34%; total Parliament percent of women 30.2%"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948)"
@ -545,6 +539,17 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in addition to serving as the UK head of state, the British sovereign is the constitutional monarch for 15 additional Commonwealth countries (these 16 states are each referred to as a Commonwealth realm)"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2019, 796 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 679 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence<br> House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)<br> House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>House of Lords - composition - men 579, women 217, percent of women 27.3%<br>House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 43.6%, Labor 32.1%, Lib Dems 11.6%, SNP 3.9%, Greens 2.7%, Brexit Party 2.0%, other 4.1%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 9; composition - men 430, women 220, percent of women 34%; total Parliament percent of women 30.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president); note - the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and implemented in 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom"
@ -1167,13 +1172,13 @@
"text": "the inventory of the British military is comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of armaments to the UK since 2010; the UK defense industry is capable of producing a wide variety of air, land, and sea weapons systems and is one of the world's top weapons suppliers (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 850 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK withdrew all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,400 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approx. 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; conscription abolished in 1963 (2021)"
"text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 830 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK withdrew all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,400 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approx. 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; conscription abolished in 1963 (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

43
europe/up.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,10 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KAY-yiv<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him"
"etymology": {
"text": "the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KAY-yiv"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities** (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol), Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro), Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnytskyi), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol**, Sumy, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Volyn (Lutsk), Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyr",
@ -528,6 +531,24 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (since 20 May 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Denys SHMYHAL (since 4 March 2020)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 March and 21 April 2019 (next to be held in March 2024); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2019:</em> Volodymyr ZELENSKYY elected president; first round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (Opposition Platform-For Life) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; second round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 24.5%; Denys SHMYHAL (independent) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 291-59<br><br><em>2014: </em>Petro POROSHENKO elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO (independent) 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO (Radical Party) 8.4%, other 24.2%; Volodymyr HROYSMAN (BPP) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 257-50"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 225 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 225 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
@ -539,24 +560,6 @@
"text": "percent of vote by party - Servant of the People 43.2%, Opposition Platform-For Life 13.1%, Batkivshchyna 8.2%, European Solidarity 8.1%, Voice 5.8%, other 21.6%; seats by party (preliminary) - Servant of the People 254, Oposition Platform for Life 43, Batkivshchyna 26, European Solidarity 25, Voice 20, Opposition Bloc 6, Samopomich 1, Svoboda 1, other parties 2, independent 46; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 26 seats vacant; although this brings the total to 424 elected members (of 450 potential), article 83 of the constitution mandates that a parliamentary majority consists of 226 seats"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (since 20 May 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Denys SHMYHAL (since 4 March 2020)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada&nbsp;"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 March and 21 April 2019 (next to be held in March 2024); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada"
},
"election results": {
"text": "first round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (Opposition Platform-For Life) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; second round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 24.5%; Denys SHMYHAL (independent) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 291-59"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)"
@ -1148,7 +1151,7 @@
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "3% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)"

22
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -251,17 +251,6 @@
"Suffrage": {
"text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 July 2018"
},
"election results": {
"text": "composition - men 7, women 0"
}
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)"
@ -279,6 +268,17 @@
"text": "Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 July 2018"
},
"election results": {
"text": "composition - men 7, women 0"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts"