diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 1bb16674..d4fddb24 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -480,7 +480,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the Arabic \"al-Jazair\" meaning \"the islands\" and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast but joined to the mainland since 1525" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Arabic \"al-Jazair\" meaning \"the islands\" and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast but joined to the mainland since 1525" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt" @@ -522,17 +524,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Council of the Nation (upper house with 144 seats; one-third of members appointed by the president, two-thirds indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local council members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National People's Assembly (lower house with 407 seats including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - in March 2021, President TEBBOUNE ordered the number of Assembly seats be reduced to 407 from 462" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2018 (next to be held in December 2021)
National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 137, women 7, percent of women 5%,
National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, EL Mostakbel 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 373, women 34, percent of women 8.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)" @@ -550,6 +541,17 @@ "text": "Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (NLF) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (Movement of National Construction) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Vanguard of Freedoms) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 6.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Council of the Nation (upper house with 144 seats; one-third of members appointed by the president, two-thirds indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local council members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National People's Assembly (lower house with 407 seats including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - in March 2021, President TEBBOUNE ordered the number of Assembly seats be reduced to 407 from 462" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2018 (next to be held in December 2021)
National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 137, women 7, percent of women 5%,
National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, EL Mostakbel 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 373, women 34, percent of women 8.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 52701f45..a0809f18 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -504,7 +504,10 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "does not observe daylight savings time" }, - "note": "etymology: originally named \"Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda\" (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda" + "etymology": { + "text": "originally named \"Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda\" (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda" + }, + "note": " " }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire" @@ -546,17 +549,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 61.1%, UNITA 26.7%, CASA-CE 9.5%, PRS 1.4%, FNLA 0.9%, other 0.5%; seats by party - MPLA 150, UNITA 51, CASA-CE 16, PRS 2, FNLA 1; composition - men 136, women 84, percent of women 38.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -574,6 +566,17 @@ "text": "Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by the winning party following the 23 August 2017 general election" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 61.1%, UNITA 26.7%, CASA-CE 9.5%, PRS 1.4%, FNLA 0.9%, other 0.5%; seats by party - MPLA 150, UNITA 51, CASA-CE 16, PRS 2, FNLA 1; composition - men 136, women 84, percent of women 38.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)" @@ -1151,6 +1154,9 @@ "text": "Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army); Rapid Reaction Police (paramilitary) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1162,9 +1168,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 5535ee5a..ce87d9f9 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -489,7 +489,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after GABORONE (ca. 1825-1931), a revered kgosi (chief) of the Tlokwa tribe, part of the larger Tswana ethnic group" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after GABORONE (ca. 1825-1931), a revered kgosi (chief) of the Tlokwa tribe, part of the larger Tswana ethnic group" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 districts and 6 town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Phikwe*, South East, Southern, Sowa Town*" @@ -531,17 +533,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament consists of the National Assembly (63 seats; 57 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 4 nominated by the president and indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the rest of the National Assembly, and 2 ex-officio members - the president and attorney general; elected members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Chiefs (Ntlo ya Dikgosi), an advisory body to the National Assembly, consists of 35 members - 8 hereditary chiefs from Botswana's principal tribes, 22 indirectly elected by the chiefs, and 5 appointed by the president; the House of Chiefs consults on issues including powers of chiefs, customary courts, customary law, tribal property, and constitutional amendments" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - BDP 52.7%, UDC 35.9%, BPF 4.4%, AP 5.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - BDP 38, UDC 15, BPF 3, AP 1; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Mokgweetse Eric MASISI (since 1 April 2018); Vice President Slumber TSOGWANE (since 4 April 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -559,6 +550,17 @@ "text": "President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008) stepped down on 1 April 2018 having completed the constitutionally mandated 10-year term limit; upon his retirement, then Vice President MASISI became president; national elections held on 23 October 2019 gave MASISI'S BPD 38 seats in the National Assembly which then selected MASISI as President" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament consists of the National Assembly (63 seats; 57 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 4 nominated by the president and indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the rest of the National Assembly, and 2 ex-officio members - the president and attorney general; elected members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Chiefs (Ntlo ya Dikgosi), an advisory body to the National Assembly, consists of 35 members - 8 hereditary chiefs from Botswana's principal tribes, 22 indirectly elected by the chiefs, and 5 appointed by the president; the House of Chiefs consults on issues including powers of chiefs, customary courts, customary law, tribal property, and constitutional amendments" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 23 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - BDP 52.7%, UDC 35.9%, BPF 4.4%, AP 5.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - BDP 38, UDC 15, BPF 3, AP 1; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal, High Court (each consists of a chief justice and a number of other judges as prescribed by the Parliament)" @@ -1107,6 +1109,9 @@ "text": "Botswana Defence Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Arm Command, Defense Logistics Command (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1118,9 +1123,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 5a34d8be..34673199 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -516,7 +516,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name Porto-Novo is Portuguese for \"new port\"; Cotonou means \"by the river of death\" in the native Fon language" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name Porto-Novo is Portuguese for \"new port\"; Cotonou means \"by the river of death\" in the native Fon language" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 departments; Alibori, Atacora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Couffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou" @@ -558,17 +560,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 28 April 2019 (next to be held in April 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Union Progressiste 56.2%, Bloc Republicain 43.8%; seats by party - Union Progressiste 47, Bloc Republicain 36; composition - men 77, women 6, percent of women 7.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -586,6 +577,17 @@ "text": "Patrice TALON elected to a second term; percent of vote - Patrice TALON (independent) 86.4%, Alassane SOUMANOU (FCBE) 11.3%, other 2.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 28 April 2019 (next to be held in April 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Union Progressiste 56.2%, Bloc Republicain 43.8%; seats by party - Union Progressiste 47, Bloc Republicain 36; composition - men 77, women 6, percent of women 7.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the chief justice and 16 justices organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts); Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members, including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president); note - jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice is limited to cases of high treason by the national president or members of the government while in office" @@ -1132,6 +1134,9 @@ "text": "Benin Armed Forces (Forces Armees Beninoises, FAB): Army, Navy, Air Force; Ministry of Interior and Public Security: Republican Police (Police Republicaine, DGPR) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1143,9 +1148,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1157,14 +1159,14 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "250 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2019)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2020, there were 98 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a 24% decrease from the total number of incidents in 2019, it included all three hijackings and 9 of 11 ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2020, a record 130 crew members were kidnapped in 22 separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 95% of kidnappings worldwide; approximately 51% of all incidents of piracy and armed robbery are taking place off Nigeria, which is a decrease from the 71% in 2019 and an indication pirates are traveling further to target vessels; Nigerian pirates are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-002 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 9 January 2021, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea.”

" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Benin participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; the Benin military contingent is in charge of MNJTF garrison duties (2020)" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-35 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 3b64ee18..a757637a 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -513,7 +513,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the naming origins for both Gitega and Bujumbura are obscure; Bujumbura's name prior to independence in 1962 was Usumbura" + "etymology": { + "text": "the naming origins for both Gitega and Bujumbura are obscure; Bujumbura's name prior to independence in 1962 was Usumbura" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana, Ruyigi" @@ -555,17 +557,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Inama Nkenguzamateka (39 seats in the July 2020 election); 36 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a three-round voting system, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in the first two rounds and simple majority vote for the two leading candidates in the final round; 3 seats reserved for Twas, and 30% of all votes reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Inama Nshingamateka (123 seats in the May 2020 election; 100 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 23 co-opted members; 60% of seats allocated to Hutu and 40% to Tutsi; 3 seats reserved for Twas; 30% of total seats reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 20 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
National Assembly - last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 87.2%, Twa 7.7%, CNL 2.6%, UPRONA 2.6%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 34, CNL 1, UPRONA 1, Twa 3; composition - men 23, women 16, percent of women 37.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 70.9%, CNL 23.4%, UPRONA 2.5%, other (co-opted Twa) 3.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 86, CNL 32, UPRONA 2, Twa 3; composition - men 76, women 47, percent of women 38.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE (since 18 June 2020); Vice President Prosper BAZOMBANZA (since 24 June 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -583,6 +574,17 @@ "text": "Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE elected president; percent of vote - Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE (CNDD-FDD) 71.5%, Agathon RWASA (CNL) 25.2%, Gaston SINDIMWO (UPRONA) 1.7%, OTHER 1.6%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Inama Nkenguzamateka (39 seats in the July 2020 election); 36 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a three-round voting system, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in the first two rounds and simple majority vote for the two leading candidates in the final round; 3 seats reserved for Twas, and 30% of all votes reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Inama Nshingamateka (123 seats in the May 2020 election; 100 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 23 co-opted members; 60% of seats allocated to Hutu and 40% to Tutsi; 3 seats reserved for Twas; 30% of total seats reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 20 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
National Assembly - last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 87.2%, Twa 7.7%, CNL 2.6%, UPRONA 2.6%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 34, CNL 1, UPRONA 1, Twa 3; composition - men 23, women 16, percent of women 37.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 70.9%, CNL 23.4%, UPRONA 2.5%, other (co-opted Twa) 3.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 86, CNL 32, UPRONA 2, Twa 3; composition - men 76, women 47, percent of women 38.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members)" @@ -1095,6 +1097,9 @@ "text": "National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, air wing), National Police (Police Nationale du Burundi) (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1106,9 +1111,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index babb6670..5dd241e5 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -512,7 +512,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name taken from the Arab name of a nearby village, Nijamina, meaning \"place of rest\" " + "etymology": { + "text": "name taken from the Arab name of a nearby village, Nijamina, meaning \"place of rest\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "23 provinces (provinces, singular - province); Barh-El-Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi-Est, Ennedi-Ouest, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi-Est, Mayo-Kebbi-Ouest, Moyen-Chari, N'Djamena, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Wadi-Fira" @@ -554,18 +556,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; 163 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 25 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "

last held on 13 February and 6 May 2011 (next originally scheduled on 13 December 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic)

" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 117, UNDR 10, RDP 9, RNDT/Le Reveil 8, URD 8, Viva-RNDP 5, FAR 4, CTPD 2, PDSA 2, PUR 2, UDR 2, other 19; composition - men 164, women 24, percent of women 12.8%" - }, - "note": "note: the National Assembly mandate was extended to 2020, reportedly due to a lack of funding for the scheduled 2015 election; the MPS has held a majority in the NA since 1997" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Interim President Mahamat Idriss DEBY; note - on 20 April 2021, President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. died of injuries he sustained following clashes between government forces he was commanding and insurgents in the northern part of the country" @@ -583,6 +573,18 @@ "text": "Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 61.6%, Saleh KEBZABO (UNDR) 12.8%, Laokein Kourayo MEDAR (CTPD) 10.7%, Djimrangar DADNADJI (CAP-SUR) 5.1%, other 9.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; 163 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 25 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "

last held on 13 February and 6 May 2011 (next originally scheduled on 13 December 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic)

" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 117, UNDR 10, RDP 9, RNDT/Le Reveil 8, URD 8, Viva-RNDP 5, FAR 4, CTPD 2, PDSA 2, PUR 2, UDR 2, other 19; composition - men 164, women 24, percent of women 12.8%" + }, + "note": "note: the National Assembly mandate was extended to 2020, reportedly due to a lack of funding for the scheduled 2015 election; the MPS has held a majority in the NA since 1997" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)" @@ -1104,8 +1106,11 @@ "note": "note(s): the GDSSIE, formerly known as the Republican Guard, is the presidential guard force and considered Chad's elite military unit; the Chadian Army also includes the Special Anti-Terrorist Group (SATG; aka Division of Special Anti-Terrorist Groups (DGSAT))" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "2.3% of GDP (2018)" @@ -1115,9 +1120,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1131,7 +1133,7 @@ "note": "note(s): Chad is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; Chad has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; Chad hosts the headquarters of Operation Barkhane in N’Djamena

Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria’s Borno State to fight BH as part of the MNJTF mission" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the ANT is chiefly focused on counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against Boko Haram (BH) and the Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) in the Lake Chad Basin area (primarily the Lac Province) and countering the terrorist threat in the Sahel; in 2020, it conducted a large military operation against BH in the Lake Chad region; that same year, Chad sent troops to the tri-border area with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to combat ISWA militants (it also contributes a large force to the UN MINUSCA mission in Mali); the ANT  has frequently conducted counter-insurgency operations (COIN) against internal anti-government militias and armed dissident groups" + "text": "the ANT is chiefly focused on counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against Boko Haram (BH) and the Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) in the Lake Chad Basin area (primarily the Lac Province) and countering the terrorist threat in the Sahel; in 2020, it conducted a large military operation against BH in the Lake Chad region; that same year, Chad sent troops to the tri-border area with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to combat ISWA militants (it also contributes a large force to the UN MINUSCA mission in Mali); the ANT has frequently conducted counter-insurgency operations against internal anti-government militias and armed dissident groups" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21 (2019)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 94f4c18d..3ba7fde8 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -512,7 +512,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after the Italian-born French explorer and humanitarian, Pierre Savorgnan de BRAZZA (1852-1905), who promoted French colonial interests in central Africa and worked against slavery and the abuse of African laborers" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Italian-born French explorer and humanitarian, Pierre Savorgnan de BRAZZA (1852-1905), who promoted French colonial interests in central Africa and worked against slavery and the abuse of African laborers" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 departments (departments, singular - department); Bouenza, Brazzaville, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pointe-Noire, Pool, Sangha" @@ -554,17 +556,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate (72 seats; members indirectly elected by regional councils by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms with one-half of membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (151 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": " 
Senate - last held on 31 August 2017 for expiry of half the seats (next to be held in 2020)
National Assembly - last held on 16 and 30 July 2017 (next to be held in July 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 46, independent 12, MAR 2, RDPS 2, UPADS 2, DRD 1, FP 1, MCDDI 1, PRL 1, Pulp 1, PUR 1, RC 1; composition - men 58, women 14, percent of women 19.4%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 96, UPADS 8, MCDDI 4, other 23 (less than 4 seats) independent 20; composition - men 134, women 17, percent of women 11.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 13.9%
" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997)" @@ -582,6 +573,17 @@ "text": "Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 88.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 8.0%, turnout is 67.6%." } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate (72 seats; members indirectly elected by regional councils by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms with one-half of membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (151 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": " 
Senate - last held on 31 August 2017 for expiry of half the seats (next to be held in 2020)
National Assembly - last held on 16 and 30 July 2017 (next to be held in July 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 46, independent 12, MAR 2, RDPS 2, UPADS 2, DRD 1, FP 1, MCDDI 1, PRL 1, Pulp 1, PUR 1, RC 1; composition - men 58, women 14, percent of women 19.4%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 96, UPADS 8, MCDDI 4, other 23 (less than 4 seats) independent 20; composition - men 134, women 17, percent of women 11.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 13.9%
" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the president of the republic" @@ -1141,6 +1143,9 @@ "text": "Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy, Congolese Air Force (Armee de l'Air Congolaise), Gendarmerie (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)" }, diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index b9253f7f..d27a0903 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -525,7 +525,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: the DRC has two time zones

etymology: founded as a trading post in 1881 and named Leopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of the Belgians, who controlled the Congo Free State, the vast central African territory that became the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960; in 1966, Leopoldville was renamed Kinshasa, after a village of that name that once stood near the site


" + "time zone note": { + "text": "the DRC has two time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "founded as a trading post in 1881 and named Leopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of the Belgians, who controlled the Congo Free State, the vast central African territory that became the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960; in 1966, Leopoldville was renamed Kinshasa, after a village of that name that once stood near the site" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "26 provinces (provinces, singular - province); Bas-Uele (Lower Uele), Equateur, Haut-Katanga (Upper Katanga), Haut-Lomami (Upper Lomami), Haut-Uele (Upper Uele), Ituri, Kasai, Kasai-Central, Kasai-Oriental (East Kasai), Kinshasa, Kongo Central, Kwango, Kwilu, Lomami, Lualaba, Mai-Ndombe, Maniema, Mongala, Nord-Kivu (North Kivu), Nord-Ubangi (North Ubangi), Sankuru, Sud-Kivu (South Kivu), Sud-Ubangi (South Ubangi), Tanganyika, Tshopo, Tshuapa" @@ -567,17 +572,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate (108 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

National Assembly (500 seats; 439 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 61 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2007 (follow-on election has been delayed)
National Assembly - last held on 30 December 2018" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, other 18, independent 26; composition - men 103, women 5, percent of women 4.6%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 62, UDPS 41, PPPD 29, MSR 27, MLC 22, PALU 19, UNC 17, ARC 16, AFDC 15, ECT 11, RRC 11, other 214 (includes numerous political parties that won 10 or fewer seats and 2 constituencies where voting was halted), independent 16; composition - men 456, women 44, percent of women  8.8%; total Parliament percent of women 8.1%;note - the November 2011 election was marred by violence including the destruction of ballots in 2 constituencies resulting in the closure of polling sites; election results were delayed 3 months, strongly contested, and continue to be unresolved" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Felix TSHISEKEDI (since 24 January 2019)" @@ -595,6 +589,17 @@ "text": "Felix TSHISEKEDI elected president; percent of vote - Felix TSHISEKEDI (UDPS) 38.6%, Martin FAYULU (Lamuka coalition) 34.8%, Emmanuel Ramazani SHADARY (PPRD) 23.9%, other 2.7%; note - election marred by serious voting irregularities" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate (108 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

National Assembly (500 seats; 439 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 61 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2007 (follow-on election has been delayed)
National Assembly - last held on 30 December 2018" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, other 18, independent 26; composition - men 103, women 5, percent of women 4.6%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 62, UDPS 41, PPPD 29, MSR 27, MLC 22, PALU 19, UNC 17, ARC 16, AFDC 15, ECT 11, RRC 11, other 214 (includes numerous political parties that won 10 or fewer seats and 2 constituencies where voting was halted), independent 16; composition - men 456, women 44, percent of women  8.8%; total Parliament percent of women 8.1%;note - the November 2011 election was marred by violence including the destruction of ballots in 2 constituencies resulting in the closure of polling sites; election results were delayed 3 months, strongly contested, and continue to be unresolved" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of 26 justices and organized into legislative and judiciary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" @@ -1166,6 +1171,9 @@ "note": "note - the Republican Guard is under the direct control of the president" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1177,9 +1185,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1189,7 +1194,7 @@ "text": "the FARDC is equipped mostly with a mix of second-hand Russian and Soviet-era weapons acquired from former Warsaw Pact nations; most equipment was acquired between 1970 and 2000; since 2010, Ukraine is the largest supplier of arms to the FARDC (2020)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups (at least 70 and by some recent estimates more than 100), however, continue to fight; as of late 2020, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups

MONUSCO, the United Nations peacekeeping and stabilization force in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of August 2021, MONUSCO comprised around 17,500 personnel, including about 14,500 military troops and 600 police; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security" + "text": "

the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups (at least 70 and by some recent estimates more than 100), however, continue to fight; as of late 2020, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups


MONUSCO, the United Nations peacekeeping and stabilization force in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of August 2021, MONUSCO comprised around 17,500 personnel, including about 14,500 military troops and 600 police; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2019)" @@ -1207,7 +1212,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "213,133 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 206,346 (Central African Republic), 55,819 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 42,725 (Burundi) (2021)" + "text": "213,133 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 206,346 (Central African Republic), 55,953 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,796 (Burundi) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "5.268 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2020)" diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index b7bc537d..512afccf 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -529,7 +529,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: founded as a German colonial settlement of Jaunde in 1888 and named after the local Yaunde (Ewondo) people" + "etymology": { + "text": "founded as a German colonial settlement of Jaunde in 1888 and named after the local Yaunde (Ewondo) people" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest)" @@ -571,17 +573,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "20 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by President); note - the constitutional court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)" @@ -599,6 +590,17 @@ "text": "Paul BIYA reelected president; percent of vote - Paul BIYA (CPDM) 71.3%, Maurice KAMTO (MRC) 14.2%, Cabral LIBII (Univers) 6.3%, other 8.2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by President); note - the constitutional court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 11 members)" @@ -1173,6 +1175,9 @@ "note": "note - the Rapid Intervention Battalion, a brigade-sized force comprised of several high-readiness land units, maintains its own command and control structure and reports directly to the President, rather than the Defense Minister" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.1% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1184,9 +1189,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index 406c3c75..86c7ee07 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -465,7 +465,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Moroni derives from \"mroni,\" which means \"at the river\" in Shingazidja, the Comorian language spoken on Grande Comore (N'gazidja)" + "etymology": { + "text": "Moroni derives from \"mroni,\" which means \"at the river\" in Shingazidja, the Comorian language spoken on Grande Comore (N'gazidja)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 islands; Anjouan (Ndzuwani), Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Moheli (Mwali)" @@ -508,17 +510,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Union (33 seats; 24 members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed and 9 members indirectly elected by the 3 island assemblies; members serve 5-year terms) (2017)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 19 January 2020 with a runoff on 23 February 2020 (next to be held in 2025) (2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "seats by party -1st round - Boycotting parties 16, Independent 3, CRC 2, RDC 2, RADHI 1, Orange party 0; note -  9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; 2nd round - CRC 20, Orange Party 2, Independents 2; composition as of 23 January 2020 men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%

 

(2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - AZALI takes oath of office 2 June 2019 after 24 March 2019 reelection (2019)" @@ -536,6 +527,17 @@ "text": "AZALI Assoumani (CRC) elected president in first round; with a 59% of the vote; - AZALI Assoumani (CRC) 60.8%, Ahamada MAHAMOUDOU (PJ) 14.6%, and Mouigni Baraka Said SOILIHI (Independent) 5.6%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Union (33 seats; 24 members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed and 9 members indirectly elected by the 3 island assemblies; members serve 5-year terms) (2017)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 19 January 2020 with a runoff on 23 February 2020 (next to be held in 2025) (2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "seats by party -1st round - Boycotting parties 16, Independent 3, CRC 2, RDC 2, RADHI 1, Orange party 0; note -  9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; 2nd round - CRC 20, Orange Party 2, Independents 2; composition as of 23 January 2020 men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%

 

(2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 7 judges)" @@ -1036,11 +1038,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the defense forces are lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of countries, including France, Italy, Russia, and the US" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "the AND is limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 4998d6ab..90e6f297 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -502,7 +502,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: established as a French settlement in 1889 and named after its location on the northern bank of the Ubangi River; the Ubangi itself was named from the native word for the \"rapids\" located beside the outpost, which marked the end of navigable water north from from Brazzaville" + "etymology": { + "text": "established as a French settlement in 1889 and named after its location on the northern bank of the Ubangi River; the Ubangi itself was named from the native word for the \"rapids\" located beside the outpost, which marked the end of navigable water north from from Brazzaville" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga" @@ -544,17 +546,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (140 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "first round last held on 27 December 2020; note - on election day, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that a new first round of elections will be held on 27 February for those areas controlled by armed groups and and second round on 14 March" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "December 2015 election: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNDP 16, URCA 11, RDC 8, MLPC 10, KNK 7, other 28, independent 60; composition - men 129, women 11, percent of women 7.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Faustin-Archange TOUADERA (since 30 March 2016; reelected 27 December 2020)" @@ -573,6 +564,17 @@ }, "note": "note: rebel forces seized the capital in March 2013, forcing former President BOZIZE to flee the country; Interim President Michel DJOTODIA assumed the presidency, reinstated the prime minister, and established a National Transitional Council (CNT) in April 2013; the NTC elected Catherine SAMBA-PANZA interim president in January 2014 to serve until February 2015, when new elections were to be held; her term was extended because instability delayed new elections and the transition did not take place until the end of March 2016" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (140 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "first round last held on 27 December 2020; note - on election day, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that a new first round of elections will be held on 27 February for those areas controlled by armed groups and and second round on 14 March" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "December 2015 election: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNDP 16, URCA 11, RDC 8, MLPC 10, KNK 7, other 28, independent 60; composition - men 129, women 11, percent of women 7.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of whom are women)" @@ -1091,6 +1093,9 @@ "text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine), General Directorate of Gendarmerie Inspection (DGIG); National Police (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1102,9 +1107,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index af235fdc..fb5637bf 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -460,7 +460,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the earlier Portuguese name was Villa de Praia (\"Village of the Beach\"); it became just Praia in 1974 (prior to full independence in 1975)" + "etymology": { + "text": "the earlier Portuguese name was Villa de Praia (\"Village of the Beach\"); it became just Praia in 1974 (prior to full independence in 1975)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "22 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Lourenco dos Orgaos, Sao Miguel, Sao Salvador do Mundo, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau" @@ -502,17 +504,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 18 April 2021 (next to be held on 18 April 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party Monument for Democracy 50.2%, African Party for Independence in Cape Verde 39.55%, Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union 9.0%; seats by party - MD 38, APICV 30, DICVU 4; composition - men 44, women 28, percent of women 37.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Jorge Carlos FONSECA (since 9 September 2011)" @@ -530,6 +521,17 @@ "text": "Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 23%, other 3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 18 April 2021 (next to be held on 18 April 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party Monument for Democracy 50.2%, African Party for Independence in Cape Verde 39.55%, Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union 9.0%; seats by party - MD 38, APICV 30, DICVU 4; composition - men 44, women 28, percent of women 37.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and at least 7 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and administrative sections)" @@ -1055,6 +1057,9 @@ "text": "Cabo Verdean Armed Forces (FACV): Army (also called the National Guard, GN; includes a small air component), Cabo Verde Coast Guard (Guardia Costeira de Cabo Verde, GCCV) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1066,9 +1071,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index ac19a7b9..850ede8c 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -484,7 +484,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; multiple descriptions, possibilities, and theories have been proposed" + "etymology": { + "text": "the origin of the name is disputed; multiple descriptions, possibilities, and theories have been proposed" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah" @@ -526,17 +528,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale, formerly the Chamber of Deputies (65 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 57, UDJ-PDD 7, CDU 1; composition - men 47, women 18, percent of women 26.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)" @@ -554,6 +545,17 @@ "text": "Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a fifth term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH (RPP) 97.4%, Zakaria Ismael FARAH (MDEND) 2.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale, formerly the Chamber of Deputies (65 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 23 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 57, UDJ-PDD 7, CDU 1; composition - men 47, women 18, percent of women 26.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)" diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 6326c854..cf004b7f 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -507,7 +507,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: from the Arabic \"al-Qahira,\" meaning \"the victorious\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "from the Arabic \"al-Qahira,\" meaning \"the victorious\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "27 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Suhaj" @@ -549,17 +551,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (Majlis Al-Shiyoukh) (300 seats; 100 members elected in single seat constituencies, 100 elected by closed party-list system, and 100 appointed by the president; note - the upper house, previously the Shura Council, was eliminated in the 2014 constitution, reestablished as the Senate, following passage in a 2019 constitutional referendum and approved by the House of Representatives in June 2020
House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nowaab) (596 seats; 448 members directly elected by individual candidacy system, 120 members - with quotas for women, youth, Christians and workers - elected in party-list constituencies by simple majority popular vote, and 28 members appointed by the president; members of both houses serve 5-year terms" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - first round held on 11-12 August 2020 (9-10 August for diaspora); second round to be held on 8-9 September (6-7 September for diaspora) (next to be held in 2025)
House of Representatives - last held from 17 October to 2 December 2015 (next to be held 24-25 October and 7-8 November 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate first round results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 100, independent 100; composition - NA 
House of Representatives (2015) - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Free Egyptians Party 65, Future of the Nation 53, New Wafd Party 36, Homeland's Protector Party 18, Republican People's Party 13, Congress Party 12, Al-Nour Party 11, Conservative Party 6, Democratic Peace Party 5, Egyptian National Movement 4, Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4, Modern Egypt Party 4, Freedom Party 3, My Homeland Egypt Party 3, Reform and Development Party 3, National Progressive Unionist Party 2, Arab Democratic Nasserist Party 1, El Serh El Masry el Hor 1, Revolutionary Guards Party 1, independent 351; composition - men 507, women 89, percent of women 14.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)" @@ -577,6 +568,17 @@ "text": "Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (Majlis Al-Shiyoukh) (300 seats; 100 members elected in single seat constituencies, 100 elected by closed party-list system, and 100 appointed by the president; note - the upper house, previously the Shura Council, was eliminated in the 2014 constitution, reestablished as the Senate, following passage in a 2019 constitutional referendum and approved by the House of Representatives in June 2020
House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nowaab) (596 seats; 448 members directly elected by individual candidacy system, 120 members - with quotas for women, youth, Christians and workers - elected in party-list constituencies by simple majority popular vote, and 28 members appointed by the president; members of both houses serve 5-year terms" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - first round held on 11-12 August 2020 (9-10 August for diaspora); second round to be held on 8-9 September (6-7 September for diaspora) (next to be held in 2025)
House of Representatives - last held from 17 October to 2 December 2015 (next to be held 24-25 October and 7-8 November 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate first round results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 100, independent 100; composition - NA 
House of Representatives (2015) - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Free Egyptians Party 65, Future of the Nation 53, New Wafd Party 36, Homeland's Protector Party 18, Republican People's Party 13, Congress Party 12, Al-Nour Party 11, Conservative Party 6, Democratic Peace Party 5, Egyptian National Movement 4, Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4, Modern Egypt Party 4, Freedom Party 3, My Homeland Egypt Party 3, Reform and Development Party 3, National Progressive Unionist Party 2, Arab Democratic Nasserist Party 1, El Serh El Masry el Hor 1, Revolutionary Guards Party 1, independent 351; composition - men 507, women 89, percent of women 14.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) (consists of the court president and 10 justices); the SCC serves as the final court of arbitration on the constitutionality of laws and conflicts between lower courts regarding jurisdiction and rulings; Court of Cassation (CC) (consists of the court president and 550 judges organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the CC is the highest appeals body for civil and criminal cases, also known as \"ordinary justices\"; Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) (consists of the court president and NA judges and organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the SAC is the highest court of the State Council" @@ -1192,7 +1194,7 @@ "text": "1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,050 Mali (MINUSMA); 150 Sudan (UNAMID) (Jan 2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of early 2020, Egypt reportedly had over 40,000 troops plus thousands of police and other security personnel deployed to the Sinai for internal security duties

the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, and shipping lines, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing

the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between Egypt and Israel; as of 2021, it was composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries" + "text": "

since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of 2020, Egypt reportedly had over 40,000 military troops, police, and other security personnel deployed to the Sinai for internal security duties

the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, and shipping lines, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing

the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between Egypt and Israel; as of 2021, it was composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 18-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; voluntary enlistment possible from age 15 (2019)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 1828f99a..8361323a 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -479,7 +479,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Malabo Lopelo Melaka (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko; the name of the new capital, Cuidad de la Paz, translates to \"City of Peace\" in Spanish" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Malabo Lopelo Melaka (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko; the name of the new capital, Cuidad de la Paz, translates to \"City of Peace\" in Spanish" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "8 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Djibloho, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas" @@ -521,17 +523,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (70 seats; 55 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote and 15 appointed by the president)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de los Diputados (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed paryt-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 12 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022/2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 12 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022/2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE and aligned coalition 70; composition - men 60, women 10, percent of women 14.3%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 99, CI 1; composition - men 78, women 22, percent of women 22%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 18.8%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup); Vice President Teodoro Nguema OBIANG Mangue(since 2012)" @@ -549,6 +540,17 @@ "text": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (70 seats; 55 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote and 15 appointed by the president)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de los Diputados (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed paryt-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 12 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022/2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 12 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022/2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE and aligned coalition 70; composition - men 60, women 10, percent of women 14.3%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 99, CI 1; composition - men 78, women 22, percent of women 22%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 18.8%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice - who is also chief of state - and 9 judges  organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)" diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index ccf35e2e..a56075c9 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -468,7 +468,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name means \"they [women] made them unite,\" which according to Tigrinya oral tradition refers to the women of the four clans in the Asmara area who persuaded their menfolk to unite and defeat their common enemy; the name has also been translated as \"live in peace\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name means \"they [women] made them unite,\" which according to Tigrinya oral tradition refers to the women of the four clans in the Asmara area who persuaded their menfolk to unite and defeat their common enemy; the name has also been translated as \"live in peace\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash Barka, Ma'akel (Central), Semenawi K'eyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)" @@ -510,17 +512,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party and 75 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of late 2020, there was no sitting legislative body" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly" @@ -538,6 +529,17 @@ "text": "ISAIAS Afwerki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS  Afwerki (PFDJ) 95%, other 5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party and 75 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of late 2020, there was no sitting legislative body" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court (consists of 20 judges and organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections)" @@ -557,7 +559,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires BERHANE Gebrehiwet Solomon (since 15 March 2011)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Berhane Gebrehiwet SOLOMON (since 15 March 2011)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 8f1c0599..41a35c00 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -522,7 +522,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name in Amharic means \"new flower\" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name in Amharic means \"new flower\" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 ethnically based regional states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sidama, Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples)" @@ -564,18 +566,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)
House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "House of Federation - last held 24 May 2015 (next originally scheduled on 29 August 2020 but postponed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
House of People's Representatives - last held on 24 May 2015 (next election to be held June 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 104, women 49, percent of women 32%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - EPRDF 501, SPDP 24, BGPDUP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, APDO 1, HNL 1; composition - men 335, women 212, percent of women  38.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 37.3%" - }, - "note": "note: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018)" @@ -594,6 +584,18 @@ }, "note": "note: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. Former President Dr. Mulatu TESHOME resigned on 25 October 2018, one year ahead of finishing his six-year term." }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)
House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "House of Federation - last held 24 May 2015 (next originally scheduled on 29 August 2020 but postponed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
House of People's Representatives - last held on 24 May 2015 (next election to be held June 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 104, women 49, percent of women 32%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - EPRDF 501, SPDP 24, BGPDUP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, APDO 1, HNL 1; composition - men 335, women 212, percent of women  38.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 37.3%" + }, + "note": "note: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues" @@ -1159,6 +1161,9 @@ "note": "note(s): in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019 Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which will reportedly be based out of Djibouti

in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard for protecting senior officials; the Republican Guard is a military unit accountable to the Prime Minister

" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1170,9 +1175,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1203,7 +1205,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "374,680 (South Sudan), 212,236 (Somalia), 146,771 (Eritrea), 45,924 (Sudan) (2021)" + "text": "377,792 (South Sudan), 214,047 (Somalia), 146,771 (Eritrea), 45,924 (Sudan) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,990,168 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index e5921a2a..47cfc791 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -511,7 +511,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Banjul is located on Saint Mary's Island at the mouth of the Gambia River; the Mandinka used to gather fibrous plants on the island for the manufacture of ropes; \"bang julo\" is Mandinka for \"rope fiber\"; mispronunciation over time caused the term became the word Banjul" + "etymology": { + "text": "Banjul is located on Saint Mary's Island at the mouth of the Gambia River; the Mandinka used to gather fibrous plants on the island for the manufacture of ropes; \"bang julo\" is Mandinka for \"rope fiber\"; mispronunciation over time caused the term became the word Banjul" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "5 regions, 1 city*, and 1 municipality**; Banjul*, Central River, Kanifing**, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, West Coast" @@ -553,17 +555,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (58 seats; 53 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 April 2017 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 37.5%, GDC 17.4%, APRC 16%, PDOIS 9%, NRP 6.3%, PPP 2.5%, other 1.7%, independent 9.6%; seats by party - UDP 31, APRC 5, GDC 5, NRP 5, PDOIS 4, PPP 2, independent 1; composition - men 52, women 6, percent of women 10.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2017); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -581,6 +572,17 @@ "text": "Adama BARROW elected president; percent of vote - Adama BARROW (Coalition 2016) 43.3%, Yahya JAMMEH (APRC) 39.6%, Mamma KANDEH (GDC) 17.1%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (58 seats; 53 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 April 2017 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 37.5%, GDC 17.4%, APRC 16%, PDOIS 9%, NRP 6.3%, PPP 2.5%, other 1.7%, independent 9.6%; seats by party - UDP 31, APRC 5, GDC 5, NRP 5, PDOIS 4, PPP 2, independent 1; composition - men 52, women 6, percent of women 10.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of The Gambia (consists of the chief justice and 6 justices; court sessions held with 5 justices)" @@ -1098,6 +1100,9 @@ "text": "Gambia Armed Forces: the Gambian National Army (GNA; includes a small air wing), Navy, Republican National Guard (responsible for VIP protection, riot control, and presidential security) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1109,9 +1114,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2014": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2013": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2013)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 04e0954d..555a0f9a 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -485,7 +485,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: original site settled by freed slaves and the name means \"free town\" in French; named in imitation of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone" + "etymology": { + "text": "original site settled by freed slaves and the name means \"free town\" in French; named in imitation of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem" @@ -527,17 +529,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (102 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 13 December 2014 (next to be held on 31 December 2020)
National Assembly - held in 2 rounds on 6 and 27 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - men 84, women 18, percent of women 17.6%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 123, women 20, percent of women 14%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ali BONGO Ondimba (since 16 October 2009)" @@ -555,6 +546,17 @@ "text": "Ali BONGO Ondimba reelected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 49.8%, Jean PING (UFC) 48.2%, other 2.0%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (102 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 13 December 2014 (next to be held on 31 December 2020)
National Assembly - held in 2 rounds on 6 and 27 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - men 84, women 18, percent of women 17.6%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 123, women 20, percent of women 14%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 4 permanent specialized supreme courts - Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation, Administrative Supreme Court or Conseil d'Etat, Accounting Supreme Court or Cour des Comptes, Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle, and the non-permanent Court of State Security, initiated only for cases of high treason by the president and criminal activity by executive branch officials)" @@ -1125,6 +1127,9 @@ "text": "Gabonese Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Gabonaise): Land Forces (Army), Navy, Air Forces, National Gendarmerie; Republican Guard (land forces under direct presidential control) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1136,9 +1141,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index a599db84..39ed5da0 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -514,7 +514,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from the Akan word \"nkran\" meaning \"ants,\" and refers to the numerous anthills in the area around the capital" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Akan word \"nkran\" meaning \"ants,\" and refers to the numerous anthills in the area around the capital" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "16 regions; Ahafo, Ashanti, Bono, Bono East, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, North East, Northern, Oti, Savannah, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western, Western North" @@ -556,17 +558,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary) - NPC 137, NDC 136, other 1, independent 1; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (since 7 January 2017); Vice President Mahamudu BAWUMIA (since 7 January 2017); the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -584,6 +575,17 @@ "text": "Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 51.3%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 47.4%, other 1.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary) - NPC 137, NDC 136, other 1, independent 1; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 justices)" @@ -1142,6 +1144,9 @@ "text": "Ghana Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1153,9 +1158,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index f9ea58e4..ff8db9b3 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.

In 1958, Guinea became independent from France, and Sekou TOURE established an authoritarian regime. TOURE ruled until his death in 1984. After TOURE’s death, General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. CONTE organized and won presidential elections in 1993, 1998, and 2003. Upon CONTE's death in December 2008, Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a constitutional referendum that extended presidential terms and reset CONDE’s term count, and later that year, Alpha CONDE won a controversial third presidential term. CONDE’s current term will end in 2026.

" + "text": "

Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.

In 1958, Guinea became independent from France, and Sekou TOURE established an authoritarian regime. TOURE ruled until his death in 1984. After TOURE’s death, General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. CONTE organized and won presidential elections in 1993, 1998, and 2003. Upon CONTE's death in December 2008, Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a constitutional referendum that extended presidential terms and reset CONDE’s term count, and later that year, Alpha CONDE won a controversial third presidential term. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup by a National Committee of Rally and Development that arrested President CONDE, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government.   

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -526,7 +526,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name \"Cona,\" a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word \"nakiri,\" which in Susu means \"the other bank\" or \"the other side\"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: \"I am going to Cona, on the other bank (Cona-nakiri),\" which over time became Conakry" + "etymology": { + "text": "according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name \"Cona,\" a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word \"nakiri,\" which in Susu means \"the other bank\" or \"the other side\"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: \"I am going to Cona, on the other bank (Cona-nakiri),\" which over time became Conakry" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 regions administrative and 1 gouvenorat*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore" @@ -568,17 +570,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; 76 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote and 38 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 21 March 2020 (next to be held 1 March 2027)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "In parliamentary elections, the Rally of the Guinean People-Rainbow wins 57.5% of the vote (79 of 114 seats), the Democratic Union of Guinea 5.3% (4), the Democratic Popular Movement of Guinea 4.1% (3), and the New Democratic Forces 2.8% (3). Turnout is 58.0%." - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Alpha CONDE (since 21 December 2010)

note: on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup by a National Committee of Rally and Development that arrested President CONDE, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government" @@ -596,6 +587,17 @@ "text": "Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; 76 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote and 38 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 21 March 2020 (next to be held 1 March 2027)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "In parliamentary elections, the Rally of the Guinean People-Rainbow wins 57.5% of the vote (79 of 114 seats), the Democratic Union of Guinea 5.3% (4), the Democratic Popular Movement of Guinea 4.1% (3), and the New Democratic Forces 2.8% (3). Turnout is 58.0%." + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 2505df3b..6b025faa 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -526,7 +526,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled in the village of N'Gokro in 1929 at the time of French colonization; the village was renamed Yamoussoukro, the suffix \"-kro\" meaning \"town\" in the native Baoule language; Abidjan's name supposedly comes from a misunderstanding; tradition states that an old man carrying branches met a European explorer who asked for the name of the nearest village; the man, not understanding and terrified by this unexpected encounter, fled shouting \"min-chan m’bidjan,\" which in the Ebrie language means: \"I return from cutting leaves\"; the explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan; a different version has the first colonists asking native women the name of the place and getting a similar response" + "etymology": { + "text": "Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled in the village of N'Gokro in 1929 at the time of French colonization; the village was renamed Yamoussoukro, the suffix \"-kro\" meaning \"town\" in the native Baoule language; Abidjan's name supposedly comes from a misunderstanding; tradition states that an old man carrying branches met a European explorer who asked for the name of the nearest village; the man, not understanding and terrified by this unexpected encounter, fled shouting \"min-chan m’bidjan,\" which in the Ebrie language means: \"I return from cutting leaves\"; the explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan; a different version has the first colonists asking native women the name of the place and getting a similar response" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 districts and 2 autonomous districts*; Abidjan*, Bas-Sassandra, Comoe, Denguele, Goh-Djiboua, Lacs, Lagunes, Montagnes, Sassandra-Marahoue, Savanes, Vallee du Bandama, Woroba, Yamoussoukro*, Zanzan" @@ -568,18 +570,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senat (99 seats; 66 members indirectly elected by the National Assembly and members of municipal, autonomous districts, and regional councils, and 33 members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (255 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent by party NA; seats by party - RHDP 50, independent 16; composition - men 80, women 19, percent of women 19.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - RHDP 49.18%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.53%, DPIC 6.01%, TTB 2.017%  IPF 1.96%  seats by party - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, TTB 8, IPF 2; composition - men 217, women 32, percent of women 13%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32%" - }, - "note": "

" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010); Vice President (vacant); note - Vice President Daniel Kablan DUNCAN resigned 8 July 2020; note - the 2016 constitution calls for the establishment of the position of vice-president" @@ -597,6 +587,18 @@ "text": "Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 94.3%, Kouadio Konan BERTIN (PDCI-RDA) 2.0%, other 3.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senat (99 seats; 66 members indirectly elected by the National Assembly and members of municipal, autonomous districts, and regional councils, and 33 members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (255 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent by party NA; seats by party - RHDP 50, independent 16; composition - men 80, women 19, percent of women 19.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - RHDP 49.18%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.53%, DPIC 6.01%, TTB 2.017%  IPF 1.96%  seats by party - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, TTB 8, IPF 2; composition - men 217, women 32, percent of women 13%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32%" + }, + "note": "

" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates)" @@ -1158,6 +1160,9 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Forces Armees de Cote d'Ivoire, FACI; aka Republican Forces of Ivory Coast, FRCI): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale), Cote Air Force (Force Aerienne Cote), Special Forces (Forces Speciale); National Gendarmerie (under the Ministry of Defense); National Police (under the Ministry of Security and Civil Protection); Coordination Center for Operational Decisions (a mix of police, gendarmerie, and FACI personnel for assisting police in providing security in some large cities) (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1169,9 +1174,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index e007c716..a9cdaa72 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -526,7 +526,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from the Maasai expression meaning \"cool waters\" and refers to a cold water stream that flowed through the area in the late 19th century" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Maasai expression meaning \"cool waters\" and refers to a cold water stream that flowed through the area in the late 19th century" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "47 counties; Baringo, Bomet, Bungoma, Busia, Elgeyo/Marakwet, Embu, Garissa, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kericho, Kiambu, Kilifi, Kirinyaga, Kisii, Kisumu, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Machakos, Makueni, Mandera, Marsabit, Meru, Migori, Mombasa, Murang'a, Nairobi City, Nakuru, Nandi, Narok, Nyamira, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Samburu, Siaya, Taita/Taveta, Tana River, Tharaka-Nithi, Trans Nzoia, Turkana, Uasin Gishu, Vihiga, Wajir, West Pokot" @@ -568,17 +570,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (67 seats; 47 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 20 directly elected by proportional representation vote - 16 women, 2 representing youth, and 2 representing the disabled; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (349 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 47 women in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote, and 12 members nominated by the National Assembly - 6 representing youth and 6 representing the disabled; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 8 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)
National Assembly - last held on 8 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Jubilee Party 24; National Super Alliance 28, other 14, independent 1; composition - men 46, women 41, percent of women is 31.3%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Jubilee Party 165, National Super Alliance 119, other 51, independent 13; composition - men 273, women 76, percent of women 21.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women is 23%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -596,6 +587,17 @@ "text": "Uhuru KENYATTA reelected president; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (Jubilee Party) 98.3%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 1%, other 0.7%; note - Kenya held a previous presidential election on 8 August 2017, but Kenya's Supreme Court on 1 September 2017 nullified the results, citing irregularities; the political opposition boycotted the October vote" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (67 seats; 47 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 20 directly elected by proportional representation vote - 16 women, 2 representing youth, and 2 representing the disabled; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (349 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 47 women in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote, and 12 members nominated by the National Assembly - 6 representing youth and 6 representing the disabled; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 8 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)
National Assembly - last held on 8 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Jubilee Party 24; National Super Alliance 28, other 14, independent 1; composition - men 46, women 41, percent of women is 31.3%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Jubilee Party 165, National Super Alliance 119, other 51, independent 13; composition - men 273, women 76, percent of women 21.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women is 23%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of chief and deputy chief justices and 5 judges)" @@ -1185,6 +1187,9 @@ "note": "note: the National Police Service includes a paramilitary General Service Unit" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1196,9 +1201,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index dad92bf6..c9e9e0ce 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -498,7 +498,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after James Monroe (1758-1831), the fifth president of the United States and supporter of the colonization of Liberia by freed slaves; one of two national capitals named for a US president, the other is Washington, D.C." + "etymology": { + "text": "named after James Monroe (1758-1831), the fifth president of the United States and supporter of the colonization of Liberia by freed slaves; one of two national capitals named for a US president, the other is Washington, D.C." + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe" @@ -540,17 +542,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
The Liberian Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in 15 2-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 9-year staggered terms; each district elects 1 senator and elects the second senator 3 years later, followed by a 6-year hiatus, after which the first Senate seat is up for election)
House of Representatives (73 seats; members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms; eligible for a second term)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate -general election held on 8 December 2020 with half the seats up for election (next election 2023)
House of Representatives - last held on 10 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - Collaborating Political Parties 40.27%, Congress for Democratic Change 28.02%, People's Unification Party 6.40, Movement for Democracy and Reconstructions 4.30%, All Liberia Coalition 1.09%,Rainbow Alliance 1.09%, Liberia Restoration Party 0,82%, Liberia National Union 0.77%, Movement for Progressive Change 0.74%, United People's Party 0.66%, Liberia Transformation Party 0.16%, National Democratic Coalition 0.07%, Movement for One Liberia 0.01; seats by coalition/party- CPP 13, CDC 5, PUP 2, MDR 1, NDC 1   
 
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for Democratic Change 15.6%, UP 14%, LP 8.7%, ANC 6.1%, PUP 5.9%, ALP 5.1%, MDR 3.4%, other 41.2%; seats by coalition/party - Coalition for Democratic Change 21, UP 20, PUP 5, LP 3, ALP 3, MDR 2, independent 13, other 6; composition - men 64, women 9, percent of women 12.3%; total Parliament percent of women 11.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President George WEAH (since 22 January 2018); Vice President Jewel HOWARD-TAYLOR (since 22 January 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -568,6 +559,17 @@ "text": "George WEAH elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - George WEAH (Coalition for Democratic Change) 38.4%, Joseph BOAKAI (UP) 28.8%, Charles BRUMSKINE (LP) 9.6%, Prince JOHNSON (MDR) 8.2%, Alexander B. CUMMINGS (ANC) 7.2%, other 7.8%; percentage of vote in second round - George WEAH 61.5%, Joseph BOAKAI 38.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
The Liberian Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in 15 2-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 9-year staggered terms; each district elects 1 senator and elects the second senator 3 years later, followed by a 6-year hiatus, after which the first Senate seat is up for election)
House of Representatives (73 seats; members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms; eligible for a second term)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - general election held on 8 December 2020 with half the seats up for election (next election 2023)
House of Representatives - last held on 10 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - Collaborating Political Parties 40.27%, Congress for Democratic Change 28.02%, People's Unification Party 6.40, Movement for Democracy and Reconstructions 4.30%, All Liberia Coalition 1.09%,Rainbow Alliance 1.09%, Liberia Restoration Party 0,82%, Liberia National Union 0.77%, Movement for Progressive Change 0.74%, United People's Party 0.66%, Liberia Transformation Party 0.16%, National Democratic Coalition 0.07%, Movement for One Liberia 0.01; seats by coalition/party- CPP 13, CDC 5, PUP 2, MDR 1, NDC 1   
 
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for Democratic Change 15.6%, UP 14%, LP 8.7%, ANC 6.1%, PUP 5.9%, ALP 5.1%, MDR 3.4%, other 41.2%; seats by coalition/party - Coalition for Democratic Change 21, UP 20, PUP 5, LP 3, ALP 3, MDR 2, independent 13, other 6; composition - men 64, women 9, percent of women 12.3%; total Parliament percent of women 11.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 4 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases" diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 54a83764..7d9f214f 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -486,7 +486,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: in the Sesotho language the name means \"[place of] red sandstones\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "in the Sesotho language the name means \"[place of] red sandstones\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka" @@ -528,17 +530,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last nominated by the king 11 July 2017 (next NA)
National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 25, women 8, percent of women 24.2%
National Assembly - percent of votes by party - ABC 40.5%, DC 25.8%, LCD 9%, AD 7.3%, MEC 5.1%, BNP 4.1, PFD 2.3%, other 5.9%; seats by party - ABC 51, DC 30, LCD 11, AD 9, MEC 6, BNP 5, PFD 3, other 5; composition - men 95, women 27, percent of women 22.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile " @@ -553,6 +544,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary, but under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a \"living symbol of national unity\" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law, the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, to determine next in line of succession, or to serve as regent in the event that a successor is not of mature age; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last nominated by the king 11 July 2017 (next NA)
National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 25, women 8, percent of women 24.2%
National Assembly - percent of votes by party - ABC 40.5%, DC 25.8%, LCD 9%, AD 7.3%, MEC 5.1%, BNP 4.1, PFD 2.3%, other 5.9%; seats by party - ABC 51, DC 30, LCD 11, AD 9, MEC 6, BNP 5, PFD 3, other 5; composition - men 95, women 27, percent of women 22.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues" @@ -1069,6 +1071,9 @@ "text": "Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army (includes Air Wing) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1080,9 +1085,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 84bf2014..78091487 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -440,7 +440,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning \"region of the three cities\" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of \"Tripoli\" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words \"tria\" and \"polis\" meaning \"three cities\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning \"region of the three cities\" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of \"Tripoli\" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words \"tria\" and \"polis\" meaning \"three cities\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "22 governorates (muhafazah, singular - muhafazat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi (Benghazi), Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus (Tripoli), Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati" @@ -479,17 +481,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Al Nuwab) or HoR (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members directly elected by majority vote; member term NA); note - the High Council of State serves as an advisory group for the HoR" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 25 June 2014 ( next election to be held on 24 December 2021); note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the HoR election unconstitutional, but the HoR and the international community rejected the ruling" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 158, women 30, percent of women 16%; note - only 188 of the 200 seats were filled in the June 2014 election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the HoR also boycotted the election" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Chairman, Presidential Council, Mohammed Al MENFI (since 5 February 2021)" @@ -507,6 +498,17 @@ "text": "on 5 February 2021, a UN-led forum elected - in a runoff - Mohammed Al MENFI  chairman, Presidential Council and Abdul Hamid DBEIBEH, prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Al Nuwab) or HoR (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members directly elected by majority vote; member term NA); note - the High Council of State serves as an advisory group for the HoR" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 25 June 2014 ( next election to be held on 24 December 2021); note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the HoR election unconstitutional, but the HoR and the international community rejected the ruling" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 158, women 30, percent of women 16%; note - only 188 of the 200 seats were filled in the June 2014 election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the HoR also boycotted the election" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "NA; note - government is in transition" diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index ae2270d0..c99cd3e7 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -515,7 +515,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name, which means \"City of the Thousand,\" was bestowed by 17th century King Adrianjakaking to honor the soldiers assigned to guard the city" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name, which means \"City of the Thousand,\" was bestowed by 17th century King Adrianjakaking to honor the soldiers assigned to guard the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara" @@ -557,17 +559,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Antenimieran-Doholona (reestablished on 22 January 2016, following the December 2015 senatorial election) (63 seats; 42 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders and 21 appointed by the president of the republic; members serve 5-year terms); note - in December 2020 Pres RAJOELINA ordered that the senate now have only 18 seats, 6 of which are appointed by the president, the remaining 12 indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders; opposition parties' boycotted this legislative election 
National Assembly or Antenimierampirenena (151 seats; 87 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 64 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held 29 December 2015 (next to be held in 2021)
National Assembly - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - HVM 34, TIM 3, MAPAR 2, LEADER-Fanilo 1, independent 2, appointed by the president 21; composition - men 51, women 12, percent of women 19%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party -Independent Pro-HVM 18%, MAPAR 17%, MAPAR pro-HVM 16%, VPM-MMM 10%, VERTS 3%, LEADER FANILO 3%, HIARAKA ISIKA 3%, GPS/ARD 7%,  INDEPENDENT 9%, TAMBATRA 1%, TIM 13%;  composition - men 120, women 31, percent of women 20.5%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 20.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)" @@ -585,6 +576,17 @@ "text": "Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round; percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3% (TIM)" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Antenimieran-Doholona (reestablished on 22 January 2016, following the December 2015 senatorial election) (63 seats; 42 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders and 21 appointed by the president of the republic; members serve 5-year terms); note - in December 2020 Pres RAJOELINA ordered that the senate now have only 18 seats, 6 of which are appointed by the president, the remaining 12 indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders; opposition parties' boycotted this legislative election 
National Assembly or Antenimierampirenena (151 seats; 87 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 64 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held 29 December 2015 (next to be held in 2021)
National Assembly - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - HVM 34, TIM 3, MAPAR 2, LEADER-Fanilo 1, independent 2, appointed by the president 21; composition - men 51, women 12, percent of women 19%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party -Independent Pro-HVM 18%, MAPAR 17%, MAPAR pro-HVM 16%, VPM-MMM 10%, VERTS 3%, LEADER FANILO 3%, HIARAKA ISIKA 3%, GPS/ARD 7%,  INDEPENDENT 9%, TAMBATRA 1%, TIM 13%;  composition - men 120, women 31, percent of women 20.5%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 20.1%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members); note - the judiciary includes a High Court of Justice responsible for adjudicating crimes and misdemeanors by government officials, including the president" @@ -1133,6 +1135,9 @@ "text": "People's Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force; National Gendarmerie (operates under the Ministry of Defense); Ministry of Public Security: National Police (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1144,9 +1149,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 1bba07ca..3bc8e927 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -508,7 +508,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after the Lilongwe River that flows through the city" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Lilongwe River that flows through the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba" @@ -550,17 +552,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 21 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - DPP 62, MCP 55, UDF 10, PP 5, other 5, independent 55, vacant 1; composition - men 161, women 32, percent of women 16.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Lazarus CHAKWERA (since 28 June 2020); Vice President Saulos CHILIMA (since 3 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government " @@ -578,6 +569,17 @@ "text": "Lazarus CHAKWERA elected president; Lazarus CHAKWERA (MCP) 59.3%, Peter Mutharika (DPP) 39.9%, other 0.7%
       
" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 21 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - DPP 62, MCP 55, UDF 10, PP 5, other 5, independent 55, vacant 1; composition - men 161, women 32, percent of women 16.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges)" @@ -1123,6 +1125,9 @@ "text": "Malawi Defense Force (MDF): Army (includes marine unit), Air Force (established as a separate service August 2019; previously was an air wing under the Army) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1134,9 +1139,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 842e9a28..ab2e0c4e 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -513,7 +513,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name in the Bambara language can mean either \"crocodile tail\" or \"crocodile river\" and three crocodiles appear on the city seal" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name in the Bambara language can mean either \"crocodile tail\" or \"crocodile river\" and three crocodiles appear on the city seal" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Menaka, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Taoudenni, Tombouctou (Timbuktu); note - Menaka and Taoudenni were legislated in 2016, but implementation has not been confirmed by the US Board on Geographic Names" @@ -555,17 +557,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms)

note - the National Assembly was dissolved on 18 August 2020 following a military coup and the resignation of President KEITA" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 30 March and 19 April 2020 (prior to the August 2020 coup, the next election was scheduled to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Transitional President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021)

note: an August 2020 coup d'etat deposed President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA; on 21 September 2020, a group of 17 electors chosen by the Malian military junta, known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP) and led by Colonel Assimi GOITA, selected Bah NDAW as transitional president; GOITA served as vice president of the transitional government which was inaugurated on 25 September 2020; Vice President GOITA seized power on 25 May 2021; NDAW resigned on 26 May 2021" @@ -583,6 +574,17 @@ "text": "Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (RPM) 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE (URD) 22.4%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms)

note - the National Assembly was dissolved on 18 August 2020 following a military coup and the resignation of President KEITA" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 30 March and 19 April 2020 (prior to the August 2020 coup, the next election was scheduled to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 judges organized into judicial, administrative, and accounting sectons); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" @@ -1117,6 +1119,9 @@ "note": "note(s): the Gendarmerie and the National Guard are under the authority of the Ministry of Defense and Veterans Affairs (Ministere De La Defense Et Des Anciens Combattants, MDAC), but operational control is shared between the MDAC and the Ministry of Internal Security and Civil Protection

the Gendarmerie's primary mission is internal security and public order; its duties also include territorial defense, humanitarian operations, intelligence gathering, and protecting private property, mainly in rural areas

the National Guard is a military force responsible for providing security to government facilities and institutions, prison service, public order, humanitarian operations, some border security, and intelligence gathering; it has special units on camels (the Camel Corps) for patrolling the deserts and borders of northern Mali" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1128,9 +1133,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 67aafb8c..e07531c8 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -539,7 +539,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the Arabic title \"Ribat el-Fath,\" meaning \"stronghold of victory,\" applied to the newly constructed citadel in 1170" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Arabic title \"Ribat el-Fath,\" meaning \"stronghold of victory,\" applied to the newly constructed citadel in 1170" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 regions; Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Casablanca-Settat, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Draa-Tafilalet, Fes-Meknes, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Safi, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Souss-Massa, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima", @@ -582,17 +584,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Councilors or Majlis al-Mustacharine (120 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college of local councils, professional organizations, and labor unions; members serve 6-year terms)
House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (395 seats; 305 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 90 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - in the national constituency, 60 seats are reserved for women and 30 reserved for those under age 40" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "House of Councillors - last held on 2 October 2015 (next to be held in fall 2021)
House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2016 (next to be held on 8 September 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Chamber of Advisors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 106, women 14, percent of women 11.7%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - PJD 125, PAM 102, PI 46, RNI 37, MP 27, USFP 20, UC 19, PPS 12, MDS 3, other 4; composition - men 314, women 81, percent of women 20.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 18.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)" @@ -607,6 +598,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from the majority party following legislative elections" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Councilors or Majlis al-Mustacharine (120 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college of local councils, professional organizations, and labor unions; members serve 6-year terms)
House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (395 seats; 305 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 90 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - in the national constituency, 60 seats are reserved for women and 30 reserved for those under age 40" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "House of Councillors - last held on 2 October 2015 (next to be held in fall 2021)
House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2016 (next to be held on 8 September 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Chamber of Advisors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 106, women 14, percent of women 11.7%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - PJD 125, PAM 102, PI 46, RNI 37, MP 27, USFP 20, UC 19, PPS 12, MDS 3, other 4; composition - men 314, women 81, percent of women 20.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 18.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members)" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index d6a2f9ae..54c0e53d 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -463,7 +463,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Louis XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius and a major reprovisioning stop for French ships traveling between Europe and Asia" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Louis XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius and a major reprovisioning stop for French ships traveling between Europe and Asia" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne" @@ -505,17 +507,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (70 seats maximum; 62 members directly elected multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 8 seats allocated to non-elected party candidates by the Office of Electoral Commissioner; members serve a 5-year term)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held by late 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - MSM 61%, Labour Party 23%, MMM 13%, OPR 3%; elected seats by party as of - the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) wins 38 seats, the Labour Party (PTR) or (MLP) 14,  Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) 8 and the Rodrigues People's Organization (OPR) 2; composition - men 49, women 13; percent of women 20% (2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Pritivirajsing ROOPUN (since December 2019); Vice President Marie Cyril Eddy Boissézon (2 December 2019) note - President Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM (since 5 June 2015) resigned on 23 March 2018 amid a credit card scandal" @@ -533,6 +524,17 @@ "text": "seats by party as of 7/11/2019- (MSM) 38, (PTR) 14, (MMM) 8, (OPR) 2; note - GURIB-FAKIM, Mauritius'- first female president, resigned on 23 March 2018 (2018)" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (70 seats maximum; 62 members directly elected multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 8 seats allocated to non-elected party candidates by the Office of Electoral Commissioner; members serve a 5-year term)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held by late 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - MSM 61%, Labour Party 23%, MMM 13%, OPR 3%; elected seats by party as of - the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) wins 38 seats, the Labour Party (PTR) or (MLP) 14,  Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) 8 and the Rodrigues People's Organization (OPR) 2; composition - men 49, women 13; percent of women 20% (2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 18 puisne judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal" @@ -1066,6 +1068,9 @@ "text": "no regular military forces; the Mauritius Police Force (MPF) includes a paramilitary unit known as the Special Mobile Force, which is formed as a mobile infantry battalion; the PMF also has a Police Helicopter Squadron, a Special Support Unit (riot police), and the National Coast Guard (also includes an air squadron) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1077,9 +1082,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 98c28c2d..e9aa53cd 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -518,7 +518,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: may derive from the Berber \"nawakshut\" meaning \"place of the winds\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "may derive from the Berber \"nawakshut\" meaning \"place of the winds\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "15 regions (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott Nord, Nouakchott Ouest, Nouakchott Sud, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza" @@ -560,18 +562,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Barlamane consists of the National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (157 seats; 113 members in single- and multi-seat constituencies directly elected by a combination of plurality and proportional representation voting systems, 40 members in a single, nationwide constituency directly elected by proportional representation vote, and 4 members directly elected by the diaspora; all members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "first held as the unicameral National Assembly in 2 rounds on 1 and 15 September 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" - }, - "note": "note: a referendum held in August 2017 approved a constitutional amendment to change the Parliament structure from bicameral to unicameral by abolishing the Senate and creating Regional Councils for local development" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Mohamed Cheikh El GHAZOUANI (since 1 August 2019)" @@ -589,6 +579,18 @@ "text": "Mohamed Cheikh El GHAZOUANI elected president in first round; percent of vote - Mahamed Cheikh El GHAZOUANI (UPR) 52%, Biram Dah Ould ABEID (independent) 18.6%, Sidi Mohamed Ould BOUBACAR (independent) 17.9%, other 11.55%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Barlamane consists of the National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (157 seats; 113 members in single- and multi-seat constituencies directly elected by a combination of plurality and proportional representation voting systems, 40 members in a single, nationwide constituency directly elected by proportional representation vote, and 4 members directly elected by the diaspora; all members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "first held as the unicameral National Assembly in 2 rounds on 1 and 15 September 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" + }, + "note": "note: a referendum held in August 2017 approved a constitutional amendment to change the Parliament structure from bicameral to unicameral by abolishing the Senate and creating Regional Councils for local development" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (subdivided into 7 chambers: 2 civil, 2 labor, 1 commercial, 1 administrative, and 1 criminal, each with a chamber president and 2 councilors ); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 members)" @@ -1143,6 +1145,9 @@ "text": "Mauritanian Armed Forces: Army, Mauritanian Navy (Marine Mauritanienne), Islamic Republic of Mauritania Air Group (Groupement Aerienne Islamique de Mauritanie, GAIM); Gendarmerie (Ministry of Defense); National Guard (Ministry of Interior) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1154,9 +1159,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index ee0e399b..03aa5ea9 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -518,7 +518,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city" + "etymology": { + "text": "reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia" @@ -560,17 +562,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; 248 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 2 single members representing Mozambicans abroad directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms) (2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 15 October 2024) (2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 71%, RENAMO 23%, MDM 4%; seats by party - FRELIMO 184, RENAMO 60, MDM 6; composition - men 151, women 99, percent of women 39.6% (2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015, re-elected 15 Oct 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -588,6 +579,17 @@ "text": "Filipe NYUSI elected president in first round; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 73.0%, Ossufo MOMADE (RENAMO) 21.9%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 5.1% (2019)" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; 248 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 2 single members representing Mozambicans abroad directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms) (2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 15 October 2024) (2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 71%, RENAMO 23%, MDM 4%; seats by party - FRELIMO 184, RENAMO 60, MDM 6; composition - men 151, women 99, percent of women 39.6% (2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary Magistracy is responsible for judiciary management and discipline" @@ -1166,6 +1168,9 @@ "note": "note: the FADM and Ministry of Interior forces are referred to collectively as the Defense and Security Forces (DFS)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1177,9 +1182,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1189,7 +1191,7 @@ "text": "the FADM's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although since 2010 it has received limited quantities of more modern equipment from a variety of countries, mostly as aid/donations (2020)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Government of Mozambique is facing a growing insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State terrorist group (ISIS-Mozambique, which was declared a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021) in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and as of mid-2021, the fighting had left an estimated 2,500 dead and approximately 700,000 displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency" + "text": "the Government of Mozambique is facing a growing insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State terrorist group (ISIS-Mozambique, which was declared a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021) in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and as of mid-2021, the fighting had left an estimated 2,500 dead and approximately 700,000 displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency; as of September 2021, several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community and the European Union, as well as Rwanda and the US are providing various forms of military assistance" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2019)" diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index c5c3f2bd..bc44a29c 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -516,7 +516,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: according to tradition, the site was originally a fishing village named after a prominent local tree referred to as \"nia niam\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "according to tradition, the site was originally a fishing village named after a prominent local tree referred to as \"nia niam\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 capital district* (communaute urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder" @@ -558,17 +560,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (171 seats; 158 members directly elected from 8 multi-member constituencies in 7 regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation, 8 reserved for minorities elected in special single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 5 seats reserved for Nigeriens living abroad - l seat per continent - elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 21 February 2016 (next to be held on 27 December 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 44.1%, MODEN/FA Lumana 14.7%, MNSD-Nassara 11.8%, MPR-Jamhuriya 7.1%, MNRD Hankuri-PSDN Alheri 3.5%, MPN-Kishin Kassa 2.9%, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 2.4%, RSD-Gaskiya 2.4%, CDS-Rahama 1.8%, CPR-Inganci 1.8%, RDP-Jama'a 1.8%, AMEN AMIN 1.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 75, MODEN/FA Lumana 25, MNSD-Nassara 20, MPR-Jamhuriya 12, MNRD Hankuri-PSDN Alheri 6, MPN-Kishin Kassa 5, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 4, RSD-Gaskiya 4, CDS-Rahama 3, CPR-Inganci 3, RDP-Jama'a 3, RDP-Jama'a 3, AMEN AMIN 3, other 8; composition - men 146, women 24 percent of women 14.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Mohamed BAZOUM (since 2 April 2021)" @@ -586,6 +577,17 @@ "text": "percent of vote in 2020 first round - Mohamed BAZOUM (PNDS-Tarrayya) 39.33%, Mahamane OUSMANE (MODEN/FA Lumana Africa) 17%, Seini OUMAROU (MNSD-Nassara) 8.95%, Albade ABOUDA (MPR-Jamhuriya) 7.07%

2016 results: ISSOUFOU Mahamadou reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - ISSOUFOU Mahamadou (PNDS-Tarrayya) 48.6%, Hama AMADOU (MODEN/FA Lumana Africa) 17.8%, Seini OUMAROU (MNSD-Nassara) 11.3%, other 22.3%; percent of vote in second round - ISSOUFOU Mahamadou 92%, Hama AMADOU 8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (171 seats; 158 members directly elected from 8 multi-member constituencies in 7 regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation, 8 reserved for minorities elected in special single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 5 seats reserved for Nigeriens living abroad - l seat per continent - elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 21 February 2016 (next to be held on 27 December 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 44.1%, MODEN/FA Lumana 14.7%, MNSD-Nassara 11.8%, MPR-Jamhuriya 7.1%, MNRD Hankuri-PSDN Alheri 3.5%, MPN-Kishin Kassa 2.9%, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 2.4%, RSD-Gaskiya 2.4%, CDS-Rahama 1.8%, CPR-Inganci 1.8%, RDP-Jama'a 1.8%, AMEN AMIN 1.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 75, MODEN/FA Lumana 25, MNSD-Nassara 20, MPR-Jamhuriya 12, MNRD Hankuri-PSDN Alheri 6, MPN-Kishin Kassa 5, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 4, RSD-Gaskiya 4, CDS-Rahama 3, CPR-Inganci 3, RDP-Jama'a 3, RDP-Jama'a 3, AMEN AMIN 3, other 8; composition - men 146, women 24 percent of women 14.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members)" @@ -1131,6 +1133,9 @@ "note": "note: the Gendarmerie is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense and has primary responsibility for rural security; the National Guard is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1142,9 +1147,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index fc6985c7..f50bf6cb 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -518,7 +518,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Abuja is a planned capital city, it replaced Lagos in 1991; situated in the center of the country, Abuja takes its name from a nearby town, now renamed Suleja" + "etymology": { + "text": "Abuja is a planned capital city, it replaced Lagos in 1991; situated in the center of the country, Abuja takes its name from a nearby town, now renamed Suleja" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara" @@ -560,17 +562,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 23 February 2023); note: election was scheduled for 16 February 2019 but was postponed on 15 February 2019
House of Representatives - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 23 February 2023); note: election was scheduled for 16 February 2019 but was postponed on 15 February 2019" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 65, PDP 39, YPP 1, TBD 3; composition - men 103, women 6, percent of women 5.5%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 217, PDP 115, other 20, TBD 8; composition - men 346, women 14, percent of women 3.9%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 4.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Maj. Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi \"Yemi\" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces" @@ -588,6 +579,17 @@ "text": "Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (APC) 53%, Atiku ABUBAKER (PDP) 39%, other 8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 23 February 2023); note: election was scheduled for 16 February 2019 but was postponed on 15 February 2019
House of Representatives - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 23 February 2023); note: election was scheduled for 16 February 2019 but was postponed on 15 February 2019" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 65, PDP 39, YPP 1, TBD 3; composition - men 103, women 6, percent of women 5.5%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 217, PDP 115, other 20, TBD 8; composition - men 346, women 14, percent of women 3.9%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 4.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)" @@ -1180,6 +1182,9 @@ "text": "Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC, a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1191,9 +1196,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 184fe46d..579a750e 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -465,7 +465,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from Djouba, another name for the Bari people of South Sudan" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from Djouba, another name for the Bari people of South Sudan" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 states; Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Upper Nile, Warrap, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria; note - in 2015, the creation of 28 new states was announced and in 2017 four additional; following the February 2020 peace agreement, the country was reportedly again reorganized into the 10 original states, plus 2 administrative areas, Pibor and Ruweng, and 1 special administrative status area, Abyei; this latest administrative revision has not yet been vetted by the US Board on Geographic Names" @@ -501,17 +503,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of:
Council of States, established by presidential decree in August 2011 (50 seats; 20 former members of the Council of States and 30 appointed representatives)
Transitional National Legislative Assembly, established on 4 August 2016, in accordance with the August 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (400 seats; 170 members elected in April 2010, 96 members of the former National Assembly, 66 members appointed after independence, and 68 members added as a result of the 2016 Agreement); the TNLA will be expanded to 550 members after the transitional government forms" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Council of States - established and members appointed 1 August 2011
National Legislative Assembly - last held 11-15 April 2010 but did not take office until July 2011; current parliamentary term extended until 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 20, unknown 30; composition - men 44, women 6, percent of women 12%
National Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 251, DCP 10, independent 6, unknown 133; composition - men 291, women 109, percent of women 27.3%; note - total National Legislature percent of women 25.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon (since 22 February 2020); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -529,6 +520,17 @@ "text": "Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of:
Council of States, established by presidential decree in August 2011 (50 seats; 20 former members of the Council of States and 30 appointed representatives)
Transitional National Legislative Assembly, established on 4 August 2016, in accordance with the August 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (400 seats; 170 members elected in April 2010, 96 members of the former National Assembly, 66 members appointed after independence, and 68 members added as a result of the 2016 Agreement); the TNLA will be expanded to 550 members after the transitional government forms" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Council of States - established and members appointed 1 August 2011
National Legislative Assembly - last held 11-15 April 2010 but did not take office until July 2011; current parliamentary term extended until 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 20, unknown 30; composition - men 44, women 6, percent of women 12%
National Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 251, DCP 10, independent 6, unknown 133; composition - men 291, women 109, percent of women 27.3%; note - total National Legislature percent of women 25.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of South Sudan (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices, 9 other justices and normally organized into panels of 3 justices, except when sitting as a Constitutional panel of all 9 justices chaired by the chief justice)" @@ -987,6 +989,9 @@ "text": "South Sudan People’s Defence Force (SSPDF): Ground Force (includes Presidential Guard), Air Force, Air Defense Forces (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -998,9 +1003,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "4.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "10.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1010,11 +1012,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; from 2010 to 2015, Russia and the United Arab Emirates were the leading suppliers of arms and equipment; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; the Government of South Sudan signed agreements in March 2012 and August 2015 that included the demobilization of all child soldiers within the armed forces and opposition, but the recruitment of child soldiers by the warring parties continues; as of July 2019, UNICEF estimated that more than 19,000 child soldiers had been used in the country's civil war since it began in December 2013 (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF

under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in May 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and in June the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, overall progress has been slow, and as of early 2021 armed clashes continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups in several states

the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had more than 19,000 personnel, including about 14,000 troops, deployed in the country as of March 2021

United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of July 2021, UNISFA had some 3,800 personnel deployed" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; the Government of South Sudan signed agreements in March 2012 and August 2015 that included the demobilization of all child soldiers within the armed forces and opposition, but the recruitment of child soldiers by the warring parties continues; as of July 2019, UNICEF estimated that more than 19,000 child soldiers had been used in the country's civil war since it began in December 2013 (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index 70916d93..1238152e 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -480,7 +480,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the meaning of Bissau is uncertain, it might be an alternative name for the Papel people who live in the area of the city of Bissau" + "etymology": { + "text": "the meaning of Bissau is uncertain, it might be an alternative name for the Papel people who live in the area of the city of Bissau" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama/Bijagos, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali" @@ -522,17 +524,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (102 seats; 100 members directly elected in 27 multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote and 2 elected in single-seat constituencies for citizens living abroad (1 for Africa, 1 for Europe); all members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PAIGC 35.2%, Madem G-15 21.1%, PRS 21.1%, other 22.6%; seats by party - PAIGC 47, Madem G-15 27, PRS 21, other 7; composition - men 88, women 14, percent of women 13.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": " President Umaro Cissoko EMBALO (since 27 February 2020); note - President EMBALO was declared winner of the 29 December 2019 runoff presidential election by the electoral commission; however, on 28 February 2020, Cipriano CASSAMA was appointed as interim president by the parliament until the Supreme Court rules on the legitimacy of the elections due to alleged irregularities in voting; CASSAMA resigned the following day stating he had received death threats " @@ -550,6 +541,17 @@ "text": "Umaro Sissoco EMBALO elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Domingos Simoes PEREIRA (PAIGC) 40.1%, Umaro Sissoco EMBALO (Madem G15) 27.7%, Nuno Gomez NABIAM (APU-PDGB) 13.2%, Jose Mario VAZ (independent) 12.4%, other 6.6%; percent of vote in second round - Umaro Sissoco EMBALO 53.6%, Domingos Simoes PEREIRA 46.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (102 seats; 100 members directly elected in 27 multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote and 2 elected in single-seat constituencies for citizens living abroad (1 for Africa, 1 for Europe); all members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PAIGC 35.2%, Madem G-15 21.1%, PRS 21.1%, other 22.6%; seats by party - PAIGC 47, Madem G-15 27, PRS 21, other 7; composition - men 88, women 14, percent of women 13.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 9 judges and organized into Civil, Criminal, and Social and Administrative Disputes Chambers); note - the Supreme Court has both appellate and constitutional jurisdiction" diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 292cfb43..12fa9a62 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -498,7 +498,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the city takes its name from nearby Mount Kigali; the name \"Kigali\" is composed of the Bantu prefix \"ki\" and the Rwandan \"gali\" meaning \"broad\" and likely refers to the broad, sprawling hill that has been dignified with the title of \"mount\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the city takes its name from nearby Mount Kigali; the name \"Kigali\" is composed of the Bantu prefix \"ki\" and the Rwandan \"gali\" meaning \"broad\" and likely refers to the broad, sprawling hill that has been dignified with the title of \"mount\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 provinces (in French - provinces, singular - province; in Kinyarwanda - intara for singular and plural) and 1 city* (in French - ville; in Kinyarwanda - umujyi); Est (Eastern), Kigali*, Nord (Northern), Ouest (Western), Sud (Southern)" @@ -540,17 +542,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senat (26 seats; 12 members indirectly elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum - a body of registered political parties, and 2 selected by institutions of higher learning; members serve 8-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (80 seats; 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 24 women selected by special interest groups, and 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 16-18 September 2019 (next to be held in 2027)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 September 2018 (next to be held in September 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 16, women 10, percent of women 38.5%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Rwandan Patriotic Front Coalition 40, PSD 5, PL 4, other 4 indirectly elected 27; composition - men 26, women 54, percent of women 67.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 60.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)" @@ -568,6 +559,17 @@ "text": "Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senat (26 seats; 12 members indirectly elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum - a body of registered political parties, and 2 selected by institutions of higher learning; members serve 8-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (80 seats; 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 24 women selected by special interest groups, and 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 16-18 September 2019 (next to be held in 2027)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 September 2018 (next to be held in September 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 16, women 10, percent of women 38.5%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Rwandan Patriotic Front Coalition 40, PSD 5, PL 4, other 4 indirectly elected 27; composition - men 26, women 54, percent of women 67.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 60.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 15 judges; normally organized into 3-judge panels); High Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 24 judges and organized into 5 chambers)" @@ -1105,6 +1107,9 @@ "text": "Rwanda Defense Force (RDF): Rwanda Army (Rwanda Land Force), Rwanda Air Force (Force Aerienne Rwandaise, FAR), Rwanda Reserve Force (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1116,9 +1121,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 73c010d2..027f22b5 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -435,7 +435,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: founded as L'etablissement in 1778 by French colonists, the town was renamed in 1841 by the British after Queen Victoria (1819-1901); \"victoria\" is the Latin word for \"victory\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "founded as L'etablissement in 1778 by French colonists, the town was renamed in 1841 by the British after Queen Victoria (1819-1901); \"victoria\" is the Latin word for \"victory\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "27 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Royale, Au Cap, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand Anse Mahe, Grand Anse Praslin, Ile Perseverance I, Ile Perseverance II, La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Les Mamelles, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Roche Caiman, Saint Louis, Takamaka" @@ -477,17 +479,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (35 seats in the 2020 -25 term; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 9 members elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 22-24 Oct 2020 (next to be held October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and will be held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3% , other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US10; composition - men 25, women 10, percent of women 29%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Wavel RAMKALAWAN (since 26 October 2020); Vice President Ahmed AFIF (since 27 October 2020); the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -505,6 +496,17 @@ "text": "Wavel RAMKALAWAN elected president; Wavel RAMKALAWAN (LDS) 54.9%, Danny FAURE (US) 43.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (35 seats in the 2020 -25 term; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 9 members elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 22-24 Oct 2020 (next to be held October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and will be held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3% , other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US10; composition - men 25, women 10, percent of women 29%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Seychelles Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices); Supreme Court of Seychelles (consists of the chief justice and 9 puisne judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 Supreme Court judges)" @@ -1028,6 +1030,9 @@ "text": "Seychelles People’s Defence Forces (SPDF): Army (includes infantry, special forces, and a presidential security unit), Coast Guard, and Air Force (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1039,9 +1044,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 4abe7b46..1b4639ab 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -504,7 +504,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Pretoria is named in honor of Andries PRETORIUS, the father of voortrekker (pioneer) leader Marthinus PRETORIUS; Cape Town reflects its location on the Cape of Good Hope; Bloemfontein is a combination of the Dutch words \"bloem\" (flower) and \"fontein\" (fountain) meaning \"fountain of flowers\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "Pretoria is named in honor of Andries PRETORIUS, the father of voortrekker (pioneer) leader Marthinus PRETORIUS; Cape Town reflects its location on the Cape of Good Hope; Bloemfontein is a combination of the Dutch words \"bloem\" (flower) and \"fontein\" (fountain) meaning \"fountain of flowers\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, Western Cape" @@ -546,17 +548,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10-member delegations appointed by each of the 9 provincial legislatures to serve 5-year terms; note - the Council has special powers to protect regional interests, including safeguarding cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities)
National Assembly (400 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "National Council of Provinces and National Assembly - last held on 8 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANC 29, DA 13, EFF 9, FF+ 2, IFP 1; note - 36 appointed seats not filled
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 57.5%, DA 20.8%, EFF 10.8%, IFP 3.8%, FF+ 2.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - ANC 230, DA 84, EFF 44, IFP 14, FF+ 10, other 18; composition - men 237, women 163, percent of women 40.8%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President David MABUZA (26 February 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Jacob ZUMA resigned the presidency on 14 February 2018 " @@ -574,6 +565,17 @@ "text": "Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (ANC) elected president by the National Assembly unopposed" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10-member delegations appointed by each of the 9 provincial legislatures to serve 5-year terms; note - the Council has special powers to protect regional interests, including safeguarding cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities)
National Assembly (400 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "National Council of Provinces and National Assembly - last held on 8 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANC 29, DA 13, EFF 9, FF+ 2, IFP 1; note - 36 appointed seats not filled
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 57.5%, DA 20.8%, EFF 10.8%, IFP 3.8%, FF+ 2.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - ANC 230, DA 84, EFF 44, IFP 14, FF+ 10, other 18; composition - men 237, women 163, percent of women 40.8%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 21 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)" @@ -1173,7 +1175,7 @@ "text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 65e24c93..8400ed87 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -523,7 +523,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the Atlantic coast trading settlement of Ndakaaru came to be called \"Dakar\" by French colonialists" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Atlantic coast trading settlement of Ndakaaru came to be called \"Dakar\" by French colonialists" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor" @@ -565,17 +567,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblée Nationale (165 seats; 105 members including 15 representing Senegalese diaspora directly elected by plurality vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies and 60 members directly elected by proportional representation vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "National Assembly - last held on 2 July 2017 (next to be held in July 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party/coalition - BBK 49.5%, CGWS 16.7%, MTS 11.7%, PUR 4.7%, CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 2%, other 15.4%; seats by party/coalition - BBY 125, CGWS 19, MTS 7, PUR 3, CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 2, other 9; composition - men 96, women 69, percent of women 41.8%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)" @@ -593,6 +584,17 @@ "text": "Macky SALL elected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblée Nationale (165 seats; 105 members including 15 representing Senegalese diaspora directly elected by plurality vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies and 60 members directly elected by proportional representation vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "National Assembly - last held on 2 July 2017 (next to be held in July 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party/coalition - BBK 49.5%, CGWS 16.7%, MTS 11.7%, PUR 4.7%, CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 2%, other 15.4%; seats by party/coalition - BBY 125, CGWS 19, MTS 7, PUR 3, CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 2, other 9; composition - men 96, women 69, percent of women 41.8%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)" @@ -1149,6 +1151,9 @@ "text": "Senegalese Armed Forces (Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal), National Gendarmerie (includes Territorial and Mobile components) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1160,9 +1165,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 9c4d7e53..be8e3165 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ "text": "Saint Helena was discovered in 1502 by Galician navigator Joao da NOVA, sailing in the service of the Kingdom of Portugal, who named it \"Santa Helena\"; Ascension was named in 1503 by Portuguese navigator Afonso de ALBUQUERQUE who sighted the island on the Feast Day of the Ascension; Tristan da Cunha was discovered in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristao da CUNHA who christened the main island after himself (the name was subsequently anglicized)" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "Overseas Territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Jamestown" @@ -317,7 +317,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: founded in 1659 and named after James, Duke of York, who would become King James II of England (r. 1785-1788)" + "etymology": { + "text": "founded in 1659 and named after James, Duke of York, who would become King James II of England (r. 1785-1788)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 administrative areas; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha" @@ -342,18 +344,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Council (17 seats including the speaker and deputy speaker; 12 members directly elected in a single countrywide constituency by simple majority vote and 3 ex-officio members - the chief secretary, financial secretary, and attorney general; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 26 July 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 12; composition - men 14, women 3, percent women 17.6%" - }, - "note": "note: the Constitution Order provides for separate Island Councils for both Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" @@ -369,6 +359,18 @@ }, "note": "note: the constitution order provides for an administrator for Ascension and Tristan da Cunha appointed by the governor" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Council (17 seats including the speaker and deputy speaker; 12 members directly elected in a single countrywide constituency by simple majority vote and 3 ex-officio members - the chief secretary, financial secretary, and attorney general; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 26 July 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 12; composition - men 14, women 3, percent women 17.6%" + }, + "note": "note: the Constitution Order provides for separate Island Councils for both Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice - a nonresident - and NA judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index abd8c3ec..8986011c 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -506,7 +506,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name derived from the fact that the original settlement served as a haven for free-born and freed African Americans, as well as for liberated Africans rescued from slave ships" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derived from the fact that the original settlement served as a haven for free-born and freed African Americans, as well as for liberated Africans rescued from slave ships" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, North Western, Southern, Western*" @@ -548,17 +550,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - APC 68, SLPP 49, C4C 8, other 7; composition - men 131, women 15, percent of women 10.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Julius Maada BIO (since 4 April 2018); Vice President Mohamed Juldeh JALLOH (since 4 April 2018) ; note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and minister of defense " @@ -576,6 +567,17 @@ "text": "Julius Maada BIO elected president in second round; percent of vote - Julius Maada BIO (SLPP) 51.8%, Samura KAMARA (APC) 48.2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - n/a; seats by party - APC 68, SLPP 49, C4C 8, other 7; composition - men 131, women 15, percent of women 10.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Superior Court of Judicature (consists of the Supreme Court - at the apex - with the chief justice and 4 other judges, the Court of Appeal with the chief justice and 7 other judges, and the High Court of Justice with the chief justice and 9 other judges); note – the Judicature has jurisdiction in all civil, criminal, and constitutional matters" @@ -1101,6 +1103,9 @@ "text": "Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): combined ground, air, and maritime forces (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1112,9 +1117,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index bf72ed96..cdca8720 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -464,7 +464,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: several theories attempt to explain the city's name; one of the more plausible is that it derives from \"maq'ad-i-shah\" meaning \"the seat of the shah,\" reflecting the city's links with Persia" + "etymology": { + "text": "several theories attempt to explain the city's name; one of the more plausible is that it derives from \"maq'ad-i-shah\" meaning \"the seat of the shah,\" reflecting the city's links with Persia" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Jubba), Jubbada Hoose (Lower Jubba), Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe (Middle Shabeelle), Shabeellaha Hoose (Lower Shabeelle), Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed" @@ -506,18 +508,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:
Upper House (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)
House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Upper House - first held on 10 October 2016 (next to be held in November 2020)
House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held in November 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Upper House - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 41, women 13, percent of women 24.1%
House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 208, women 67, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%" - }, - "note": "note: the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People members were sworn in" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" (since 8 February 2017)" @@ -535,6 +525,18 @@ "text": "Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" elected president in second round; Federal Parliament second round vote - Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" (TPP) 184, HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (PDP) 97, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed (ARS) 46" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:
Upper House (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)
House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Upper House - first held on 10 October 2016 (next to be held in November 2020)
House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held in November 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Upper House - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 41, women 13, percent of women 24.1%
House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 208, women 67, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%" + }, + "note": "note: the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People members were sworn in" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the provisional constitution stipulates the establishment of the Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, including the chief judge and deputy chief judge); note - under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter, a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and the Appeal Court were established; yet most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Islamic law" @@ -1032,14 +1034,14 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, second-hand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; since 2015, it has received small quantities of second-hand equipment from up to 10 different countries, usually as aid/donations (2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2019)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received zero incidents of piracy and armed robbery in 2020 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa

" }, "Military - note": { "text": "

as of 2021, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that lacked the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; in 2020, the Danab Brigade conducted most of the SNA’s offensive operations in Somalia and nearly all counterterrorism operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group; as of early 2021, it numbered about 1,000 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops

AMISOM has operated in the country with the approval of the United Nations (UN) since 2007; AMISOM's peacekeeping mission includes assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; as of late 2020, AMISOM had about 20,000 military troops from six African countries deployed in Somalia; in February 2021, the UN Security Council AMISOM renewed AMISOM's mandate until December 2021 (note - in 2017, the Somali Government drafted a Somalia Transition Plan that called for the gradual transfer of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces by 2021)

UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the Federal Government of Somalia to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community

the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS) is responsible for providing logistical field support to AMISOM, UNSOM, the Somali National Army, and the Somali Police Force on joint operations with AMISOM

the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US and Turkey maintain separate unilateral military training missions in Somalia" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 891dd0e2..2411a5a4 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -519,7 +519,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: several explanations of the name exist; two of the more plausible are that it is derived from Arabic \"al-jartum\" meaning \"elephant's trunk\" or \"hose,\" and likely referring to the narrow strip of land extending between the Blue and White Niles; alternatively, the name could derive from the Dinka words \"khar-tuom,\" indicating a \"place where rivers meet\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "several explanations of the name exist; two of the more plausible are that it is derived from Arabic \"al-jartum\" meaning \"elephant's trunk\" or \"hose,\" and likely referring to the narrow strip of land extending between the Blue and White Niles; alternatively, the name could derive from the Dinka words \"khar-tuom,\" indicating a \"place where rivers meet\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Blue Nile, Central Darfur, East Darfur, Gedaref, Gezira, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kordofan, Northern, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kordofan, West Darfur, West Kordofan, White Nile", @@ -562,17 +564,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "17 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "according to the August 2019 Constitutional Decree, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) will serve as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections can be held in 2022; as of early December 2019, the TLC had not been established" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "

Council of State - last held 1 June 2015
National Assembly - last held on 13-15 April 2015
note - elections for an as yet defined new legislature to be held in 2022 at the expiry of the Transnational Legislative Council

" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Council of State - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 35, women 19, percent of women 35.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, DUP 25, Democratic Unionist Party 15, other 44, independent 19; composition - men 296 women 130, percent of women 30.5%; note - total National Legislature percent of women 31%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "president (vacant); note - in August 2019, the ruling military council and civilian opposition alliance signed a power-sharing deal as the \"Sovereignty Council,\" chaired by  General Abd-al-Fatah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman and consisting of 6 civilians and 5 generals; the Council is currently led by the military but is intended to transition to civilian leadership in May 2021 until elections can be held; General BURHAN serves as both chief of state and head of government" @@ -590,6 +581,17 @@ "text": "Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (NCP) 94.1%, other (15 candidates) 5.9%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "according to the August 2019 Constitutional Decree, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) will serve as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections can be held in 2022; as of early December 2019, the TLC had not been established" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "

Council of State - last held 1 June 2015
National Assembly - last held on 13-15 April 2015
note - elections for an as yet defined new legislature to be held in 2022 at the expiry of the Transnational Legislative Council

" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Council of State - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 35, women 19, percent of women 35.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, DUP 25, Democratic Unionist Party 15, other 44, independent 19; composition - men 296 women 130, percent of women 30.5%; note - total National Legislature percent of women 31%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges and includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary" diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index 4657f566..c8e51da8 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -520,7 +520,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Lome comes from \"alotime\" which in the native Ewe language means \"among the alo plants\"; alo trees dominated the city's original founding site" + "etymology": { + "text": "Lome comes from \"alotime\" which in the native Ewe language means \"among the alo plants\"; alo trees dominated the city's original founding site" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes" @@ -562,17 +564,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 20 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 6, NET 3, MPDD 3, other 2, independent 18; composition - men 75, women 16, percent of women 17.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005) " @@ -590,6 +581,17 @@ "text": "Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 72.4%, Agbeyome KODJO (MPDD) 18.4%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 4.4%, other 5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 20 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 6, NET 3, MPDD 3, other 2, independent 18; composition - men 75, women 16, percent of women 17.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index eddb3c26..aec976ba 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and four failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but in 2014, legislative elections returned him to the office. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as Prime Minister TROVOADA, was elected in September 2016, marking a rare instance in which the positions of president and prime minister are held by the same party. Prime Minister TROVOADA resigned at the end of 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. New oil discoveries in the Gulf of Guinea may attract increased attention to the small island nation.

" + "text": "

Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and four failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but in 2014, legislative elections returned him to the office. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as Prime Minister TROVOADA, was elected in September 2016, marking a rare instance in which the positions of president and prime minister are held by the same party. Prime Minister TROVOADA resigned at the end of 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in early September 2021 and will be inaugurated 29 September 2021. New oil discoveries in the Gulf of Guinea may attract increased attention to the small island nation.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -492,7 +492,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Saint Thomas the Apostle" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Saint Thomas the Apostle" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 districts (distritos, singular - distrito), 1 autonomous region* (regiao autonoma); Agua Grande, Cantagalo, Caue, Lemba, Lobata, Me-Zochi, Principe*" @@ -534,6 +536,23 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "President Evaristo CARVALHO (since 3 September 2016)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "Prime Minister Jorge BOM JESUS (since 3 December 2018)" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president" + }, + "elections/appointments": { + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 and runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president; note - President Evaristo CARVALHO, whose term expires on 3 September (ahead of the postponed presidential runoff on 5 September 2021), announced he will remain in office until the inauguration of the new president, scheduled for 29 September 2021." + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
2021: Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 39.5%; Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 20.8%; Delfim NEVES (PCD-GR) 16.9%; Abel BOM JESUS (independent) 3.6%; Maria DAS NEVES (independent) 3.3%; other 15.9%; percent of the vote in the second round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 57.5%, Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 42.5%; note - VILA NOVA is scheduled to take office 29 September 2021 

2016: Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP-PSD) 24.1%; note - first round results for CARVALHO were revised downward from just over 50%, prompting the 7 August runoff; however, on 1 August 2016 DA COSTA withdrew from the runoff, citing voting irregularities, and CARVALHO was declared the winner" + } + }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" @@ -545,23 +564,6 @@ "text": "percent of vote by party - ADI 41.8%, MLSTP/PSD 40.3%, PCD-GR 9.5%, MCISTP 2.1%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ADI 25, MLSTP-PSD 23, PCD-MDFM-UDD 5, MCISTP 2; composition - men 45, women 10, percent of women 18.2%" } }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "President Evaristo CARVALHO (since 3 September 2016)

note - President Evaristo Carvalho, whose term expires on 3 September  (ahead of the postponed presidential runoff on 5 September), announced he will remain in office until the inauguration of the new president, scheduled for 29 September." - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Jorge Bom JESUS (since 3 December 2018)" - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president" - }, - "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 and runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
2021 - In the 5 September runoff, Carlos Vila NOVA elected president; percent of the vote - Carlos Vila NOVA (IDA) 57.5%, Guilherme Posser DA COSTA (MLSTP-SDP) 42.5%

2016 - Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP-PSD) 24.1%; note - first round results for CARVALHO were revised downward from just over 50%, prompting the 7 August runoff; however, on 1 August 2016 DA COSTA withdrew from the runoff, citing voting irregularities, and CARVALHO was declared the winner" - } - }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal Justica (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 5 judges, 3 of whom are from the Supreme Court)" diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 93604021..0a0120f4 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -479,7 +479,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word \"ens,\" which means \"to lie down\" or \"to pass the night,\" may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors" + "etymology": { + "text": "three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word \"ens,\" which means \"to lie down\" or \"to pass the night,\" may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "24 governorates (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), L'Ariana (Aryanah), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bouzid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)" @@ -521,17 +523,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "
note: on 25 July 2021, President SAIED suspended the Assembly for 30 days
unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Ennahdha 19.6%, Heart of Tunisia 14.6%, Free Destourian Party 6.6%, Democratic Current 6.4%, Dignity Coalition 5.9%, People's Movement 4.5%, TahyaTounes 4.1%, other 35.4%, independent 2.9%;seats by party -  Ennahdha 52, Heart of Tunisia 38, Free Destourian Party 17, Democratic Current 22, Dignity Coalition 21, People's Movement 16, Tahya Tounes 14, other 25, independent 12; composition - men 139, women 78, percent of women 35.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Kais SAIED (elected 13 October, sworn in 23 October 2019)" @@ -549,6 +540,17 @@ "text": "

first round - Kais SAIED (independent) 18.4%, Nabil KAROUI (Heart of Tunisia) 15.6%, Abdelfattah MOUROU (Nahda Movement) 12.9%, Abdelkrim ZBIDI(independent) 10.7%,Youssef CHAHED (Long Live Tunisia) 7.4%, Safi SAID (independent) 7.1%, Lotfi MRAIHI (Republican People's Union) 6.6%, other 21.3%; runoff - Kais SAIED elected president; Kais SAIED 72.7%, Nabil KAROUI 27.3%

 

 

 

 

 

 

" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "
note: on 25 July 2021, President SAIED suspended the Assembly for 30 days
unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Ennahdha 19.6%, Heart of Tunisia 14.6%, Free Destourian Party 6.6%, Democratic Current 6.4%, Dignity Coalition 5.9%, People's Movement 4.5%, TahyaTounes 4.1%, other 35.4%, independent 2.9%;seats by party -  Ennahdha 52, Heart of Tunisia 38, Free Destourian Party 17, Democratic Current 22, Dignity Coalition 21, People's Movement 16, Tahya Tounes 14, other 25, independent 12; composition - men 139, women 78, percent of women 35.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation (consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and magistrates and organized into 27 civil and 11 criminal chambers)" @@ -1131,11 +1133,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Tunisian military's inventory includes mostly older or secondhand US and European equipment; since 2010, the Netherlands and US are the leading suppliers of arms to Tunisia (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "20-23 years of age for compulsory service, 1-year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Tunisian military’s primary operational areas of focus are counter-terrorism, counterinsurgency, and border security; it conducts counter-terrorism and counterinsurgency operations against al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS)-linked militants who have been fighting a low-intensity insurgency against the government, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the Tunisian military routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these  groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the Tunisian military in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; the Tunisian Government has constructed a complex structure of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the 220-kilometer border with Libya; in the more populace northern border area, the Tunisian Army backs up Ministry of Interior security forces (Customs and the National Guard), while in the more remote southern sections of the frontier a military exclusion or buffer zone has been created, with the Tunisian Army having the lead in conducting patrols, interdiction, and making arrests" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "20-23 years of age for compulsory service, 1-year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 31072b92..bb8a8977 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -519,7 +519,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Dar es Salaam was the name given by Majid bin Said, the first sultan of Zanzibar, to the new city he founded on the Indian Ocean coast; the Arabic name is commonly translated as \"abode/home of peace\"; Dodoma, in the native Gogo language, means \"it has sunk\"; supposedly, one day during the rainy season, an elephant drowned in the area; the villagers in that place were so struck by what had occurred, that ever since the locale has been referred to as the place where \"it (the elephant) sunk\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "Dar es Salaam was the name given by Majid bin Said, the first sultan of Zanzibar, to the new city he founded on the Indian Ocean coast; the Arabic name is commonly translated as \"abode/home of peace\"; Dodoma, in the native Gogo language, means \"it has sunk\"; supposedly, one day during the rainy season, an elephant drowned in the area; the villagers in that place were so struck by what had occurred, that ever since the locale has been referred to as the place where \"it (the elephant) sunk\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "31 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Songwe, Tabora, Tanga" @@ -561,17 +563,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (Bunge) (393 seats; 264 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 113 women indirectly elected by proportional representation vote, 5 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the Zanzibar House of Representatives, 10 appointed by the president, and 1 seat reserved for the attorney general; members serve a 5-year term); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the National Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives or Baraza La Wawakilishi (82 seats; 50 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 20 women directly elected by proportional representation vote, 10 appointed by the Zanzibar president, 1 seat for the House speaker, and 1 ex-officio seat for the attorney general; elected members serve a 5-year term)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Tanzania National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives - elections last held on 25 October 2015 (next National Assembly election to be held in October 2020; next Zanzibar election either October 2020 or March 2021); note the Zanzibar Electoral Commission annulled the 2015 election; repoll held on 20 March 2016" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CCM 55%, Chadema 31.8%, CUF 8.6%, other 4.6%; seats by party - CCM 253, Chadema 70, CUF 42, other 2; composition as of September 2018 - men 245, women 145, percent of women 37.2%

Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021); note - President John MAGUFULI died on 17 March 2021; vice president (vacant); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -590,6 +581,17 @@ }, "note": "note: Zanzibar elects a president as head of government for internal matters; election held on 25 October 2015 was annulled by the Zanzibar Electoral Commission and rerun on 20 March 2016; President Ali Mohamed SHEIN reelected; percent of vote - Ali Mohamed SHEIN (CCM) 91.4%, Hamad Rashid MOHAMED (ADC) 3%, other 5.6%; the main opposition party in Zanzibar CUF boycotted the 20 March 2016 election rerun" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (Bunge) (393 seats; 264 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 113 women indirectly elected by proportional representation vote, 5 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the Zanzibar House of Representatives, 10 appointed by the president, and 1 seat reserved for the attorney general; members serve a 5-year term); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the National Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives or Baraza La Wawakilishi (82 seats; 50 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 20 women directly elected by proportional representation vote, 10 appointed by the Zanzibar president, 1 seat for the House speaker, and 1 ex-officio seat for the attorney general; elected members serve a 5-year term)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Tanzania National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives - elections last held on 25 October 2015 (next National Assembly election to be held in October 2020; next Zanzibar election either October 2020 or March 2021); note the Zanzibar Electoral Commission annulled the 2015 election; repoll held on 20 March 2016" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CCM 55%, Chadema 31.8%, CUF 8.6%, other 4.6%; seats by party - CCM 253, Chadema 70, CUF 42, other 2; composition as of September 2018 - men 245, women 145, percent of women 37.2%

Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and 10 justices)" @@ -1155,6 +1157,9 @@ "note": "note: the National Building Army is a paramilitary organization under the Defense Forces that provides six months of military and vocational training to individuals as part of their two years of public service; after completion of training, some graduates join the regular Defense Forces while the remainder become part of the People's (or Citizen's) Militia" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1166,9 +1171,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 815fc98e..b908602f 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -501,7 +501,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the site of the original British settlement was referred to by its native name as Akasozi ke'Empala (\"hill of the impala\" [plural]); over time this designation was shortened to K'empala and finally Kampala" + "etymology": { + "text": "the site of the original British settlement was referred to by its native name as Akasozi ke'Empala (\"hill of the impala\" [plural]); over time this designation was shortened to K'empala and finally Kampala" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "134 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Bugweri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwo, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Butebo, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kagadi, Kakumiro, Kalaki, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kapelebyong, Karenga, Kasese, Kasanda, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kazo, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kikuube, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitagwenda, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kwania, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Kyotera, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Madi-Okollo, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namisindwa, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Obongi, Omoro, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pakwach, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubanda, Rubirizi, Rukiga, Rukungiri, Rwampara, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo" @@ -543,17 +545,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (445 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 112 for women directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote, and 25 \"representatives\" reserved for special interest groups - army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5; up to 18 ex officio members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 18 February 2016 (next to be held in February 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 292, FDC 37, DP 5, UPDF 10, UPC 6, independent 66 (excludes 19 ex-officio members)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986; re-elected for sixth term on 14 January 2021); Vice President Jessica Rose Epel ALUPO (since 21 June 2021); Prime Minister Robinah NABBANJA (since 21 June 2021); First Deputy Prime Minister Rebecca KADAGA (since 24 June 2021); Second Deputy Prime Minister Moses ALI (since 21 June 2021); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -568,10 +559,18 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 14 January 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 58.6%, Bobi WINE (NUP) 34.8%, Patrick Oboi AMURIAT (FDC) 3.2%, other 3.4%" + "text": "
2021: Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 58.6%, Bobi WINE (NUP) 34.8%, Patrick Oboi AMURIAT (FDC) 3.2%, other 3.4%

2016: Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 60.6%, Kizza BESIGYE (FDC) 35.6%, other 3.8%" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (445 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 112 for women directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote, and 25 \"representatives\" reserved for special interest groups - army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5; up to 18 ex officio members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)" }, - "head of state": { - "text": "President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Jessica Rose Epel ALUPO (since 21 June 2021); note - the president is both head of state and head of government" + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 18 February 2016 (next to be held in February 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 292, FDC 37, DP 5, UPDF 10, UPC 6, independent 66 (excludes 19 ex-officio members)" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1142,6 +1141,9 @@ "text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces, Air Forces, Marine Forces, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.1% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1153,9 +1155,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 178571b2..7e198102 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -519,7 +519,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of the native name \"Wogodogo,\" meaning \"where people get honor and respect\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of the native name \"Wogodogo,\" meaning \"where people get honor and respect\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest" @@ -561,17 +563,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary results) - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Roch Marc Christian KABORE (since 29 December 2015; re-elected 22 November 2020)" @@ -589,6 +580,17 @@ "text": "Roch Marc Christian KABORE reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 57.9%, Eddie KOMBOIGO (CDP) 15.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC)12.5%, other 14.1%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary results) - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Council of State (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 9 members)" @@ -1126,6 +1128,9 @@ "note": "note: the National Gendarmerie officially reports to the Ministry of Defense, but usually operates in support of the Ministry of Security and the Ministry of Justice; Gendarmerie troops are typically integrated with Army forces in anti-terrorism operations; for example, Gendarmerie, Army, and police forces were combined to form a 1,500-member task force known as the Groupement des Forces Anti-Terroristes (GFAT) to address terrorist activities along the country's northern border in 2013" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1137,9 +1142,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 3b58170a..2da11fc6 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -508,7 +508,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April" }, - "note": "etymology: may derive from the Afrikaans word \"wind-hoek\" meaning \"windy corner\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "may derive from the Afrikaans word \"wind-hoek\" meaning \"windy corner\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 regions; Erongo, Hardap, //Karas, Kavango East, Kavango West, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Zambezi; note - the Karas Region was renamed //Karas in September 2013 to include the alveolar lateral click of the Khoekhoegowab language" @@ -550,17 +552,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
National Council (42 seats); members indirectly elected 3 each by the 14 regional councils to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council primarily reviews legislation passed and referred by the National Assembly
National Assembly (104 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed list, proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 8 nonvoting members appointed by the president)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 25 November 2020 (next to be held on 25 November 2025)
National Assembly - last held on 27 November 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 28, LPM 6,IPC 2, PDM 2, UDF 2, NUDO 1,  Independent 1; composition - men 36, women 6, percent of women 16.6%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 65.5%, PDM 16.6%, LPM 4.7%, NUDO 1.9%, APP 1.8%, UDF 1.8%, RP 1.8%, NEFF 1.7%, RDP 1.1%, CDV .7%, SWANU .6%, other 1.8%; seats by party - SWAPO 63, PDM 16, LPM 4, NUDO 2, APP 2, UDF 2, RP 2, NEFF 2, RDP 1, CDV 1, SWANU 1; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Hage GEINGOB (since 21 March 2015); Vice President Nangola MBUMBA (since 8 February 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -578,6 +569,17 @@ "text": "Hage GEINGOB elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Hage GEINGOB (SWAPO) 56.3%, Panduleni ITULA (Independent) 29.4%, McHenry VENAANI (PDM) 5.3%, Bernadus SWARTBOOI (LPM) 2.7%, Apius AUCHAB (UDF) 2.7%, Esther MUINJANGUE (NUDO) 1.5%, other 2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
National Council (42 seats); members indirectly elected 3 each by the 14 regional councils to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council primarily reviews legislation passed and referred by the National Assembly
National Assembly (104 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed list, proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 8 nonvoting members appointed by the president)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 25 November 2020 (next to be held on 25 November 2025)
National Assembly - last held on 27 November 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 28, LPM 6,IPC 2, PDM 2, UDF 2, NUDO 1,  Independent 1; composition - men 36, women 6, percent of women 16.6%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 65.5%, PDM 16.6%, LPM 4.7%, NUDO 1.9%, APP 1.8%, UDF 1.8%, RP 1.8%, NEFF 1.7%, RDP 1.1%, CDV .7%, SWANU .6%, other 1.8%; seats by party - SWAPO 63, PDM 16, LPM 4, NUDO 2, APP 2, UDF 2, RP 2, NEFF 2, RDP 1, CDV 1, SWANU 1; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges in quorum sessions)" @@ -1143,6 +1145,9 @@ "text": "Namibian Defense Force (NDF): Army, Navy, Air Force; Namibian Police Force: Special Field Force (paramilitary unit responsible for protecting borders and government installations) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1154,9 +1159,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index c6395a49..9ecfa6fc 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -498,7 +498,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after a Swati chief, Mbabane Kunene, who lived in the area at the onset of British settlement" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after a Swati chief, Mbabane Kunene, who lived in the area at the onset of British settlement" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 regions; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni" @@ -540,17 +542,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament (Libandla) consists of:
Senate (30 seats; 20 members appointed by the monarch and 10 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the House of Assembly; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (73 seats; 59 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies or tinkhundla by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, 10 members appointed by the monarch, 4 women elected by the members if representation of elected women is less than 30%; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 23 October 2018 (next to be held - 31 October 2023)
House of Assembly - last held on 21 September 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of seats by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 20, women 10, percent of women 33.3%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 59; composition - men 60, women 5, percent of women 7.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.8%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)" @@ -565,6 +556,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from among members of the House of Assembly" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament (Libandla) consists of:
Senate (30 seats; 20 members appointed by the monarch and 10 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the House of Assembly; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (73 seats; 59 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies or tinkhundla by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, 10 members appointed by the monarch, 4 women elected by the members if representation of elected women is less than 30%; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 23 October 2018 (next to be held - 31 October 2023)
House of Assembly - last held on 21 September 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of seats by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 20, women 10, percent of women 33.3%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 59; composition - men 60, women 5, percent of women 7.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.8%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice - ex officio - and 4 justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters" @@ -1072,6 +1074,9 @@ "text": "Umbutfo Eswatini Defense Force (UEDF): Army (includes a small air wing) (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1083,9 +1088,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 450093d6..4a7b7335 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Multiple waves of Bantu-speaking groups moved into and through what is now Zambia over the past thousand years. In the 1880s, the British began securing mineral and other economic concessions from various local leaders and the territory that is now Zambia eventually came under the control of the former British South Africa Company and was incorporated as the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia in 1911. Administrative control was taken over by the UK in 1924. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration.

The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement, and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule and propelled the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) to government. The subsequent vote in 1996, however, saw increasing harassment of opposition parties and abuse of state media and other resources. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems, with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who won a special presidential byelection later that year. The MMD and BANDA lost to the Patriotic Front (PF) and Michael SATA in the 2011 general elections. SATA, however, presided over a period of haphazard economic management and attempted to silence opposition to PF policies. SATA died in October 2014 and was succeeded by his vice president, Guy SCOTT, who served as interim president until January 2015, when Edgar LUNGU won the presidential byelection and completed SATA's term. LUNGU then won a full term in August 2016 presidential elections." + "text": "Multiple waves of Bantu-speaking groups moved into and through what is now Zambia over the past thousand years. In the 1880s, the British began securing mineral and other economic concessions from various local leaders and the territory that is now Zambia eventually came under the control of the former British South Africa Company and was incorporated as the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia in 1911. Administrative control was taken over by the UK in 1924. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration.

The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement, and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule and propelled the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) to government. The subsequent vote in 1996, however, saw increasing harassment of opposition parties and abuse of state media and other resources. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems, with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who won a special presidential byelection later that year. The MMD and BANDA lost to the Patriotic Front (PF) and Michael SATA in the 2011 general elections. SATA, however, presided over a period of haphazard economic management and attempted to silence opposition to PF policies. SATA died in October 2014 and was succeeded by his vice president, Guy SCOTT, who served as interim president until January 2015, when Edgar LUNGU won the presidential byelection and completed SATA's term. LUNGU then won a full term in August 2016 presidential elections. Hakainde HICHILEMA was elected president in August 2021." } }, "Geography": { @@ -491,7 +491,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after a village called Lusaka, located at Manda Hill, near where Zambia's National Assembly building currently stands; the village was named after a headman (chief) Lusakasa" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after a village called Lusaka, located at Manda Hill, near where Zambia's National Assembly building currently stands; the village was named after a headman (chief) Lusakasa" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western" @@ -533,23 +535,12 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (167 seats; 156 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, and up to 8 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms); 11 are appointed" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 12 August 2021 (next to be held 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - UPND 53.9%, PF 38.1%, PNUP 0.6%, independent 7.4%; seats by party - UPND 82, PF 61, PNUP 1, independent 11; composition - men 135, women 20, percent of women 13.5%

note - 155 seats were filled with one seat left vacant; the election for Kaumbwe Constituency is scheduled for 21 October 2021." - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Hakainde HICHILEMA (since 24 August 2021); Vice President Mutale NALUMANGO (since 24 August 2021); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Hakainde HICHILEMA (since 24 August 2021); Vice President Mutale NALUMANGO (since 24 August 2021) " + "text": "President Hakainde HICHILEMA (since 24 August 2021); Vice President Mutale NALUMANGO (since 24 August 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by president from among members of the National Assembly" @@ -558,7 +549,18 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 12 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2021: Hakainde HICHILEMA elected president; percent of the vote -Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 57.9%, Edgar LUNGU (PF) 37.3%, other 4.8%

2016: Edgar LUNGU re-elected president; percent of vote -
Edgar LUNGU (PF) 50.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 47.6%, other 2%" + "text": "
2021: Hakainde HICHILEMA elected president; percent of the vote -   Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 57.9%, Edgar LUNGU (PF) 37.3%, other 4.8%

2016: Edgar LUNGU re-elected president; percent of vote - Edgar LUNGU (PF) 50.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA (UPND) 47.6%, other 2%" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (167 seats; 156 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, and up to 8 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms); 11 are appointed" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 12 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - UPND 53.9%, PF 38.1%, PNUP 0.6%, independent 7.4%; seats by party - UPND 82, PF 61, PNUP 1, independent 11; composition - men 135, women 20, percent of women 13.5%; 155 seats were filled with one seat left vacant; the election for Kaumbwe Constituency is scheduled for 21 October 2021." } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1132,6 +1134,9 @@ "text": "Zambia Defense Force (ZDF): Zambia Army, Zambia Air Force, Zambia National Service (support organization that also does public work projects); Defense Force Medical Service; the Zambia Police includes a paramilitary battalion (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1143,9 +1148,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index bd412e33..816e9d3c 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -507,7 +507,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after a village of Harare at the site of the present capital; the village name derived from a Shona chieftain, Ne-harawa, whose name meant \"he who does not sleep\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after a village of Harare at the site of the present capital; the village name derived from a Shona chieftain, Ne-harawa, whose name meant \"he who does not sleep\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands" @@ -549,17 +551,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 2 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (270 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 34, MDC Alliance 25, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2, MDC-T 1; composition - men 45, women 35, percent of women 43.8%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 179, MDC Alliance 88, MDC-T 1, NPF 1, independent 1; composition - men 185, women 25, percent of women 31.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years" @@ -577,6 +568,17 @@ "text": "Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 2 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (270 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held for elected member on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 30 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 34, MDC Alliance 25, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2, MDC-T 1; composition - men 45, women 35, percent of women 43.8%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 179, MDC Alliance 88, MDC-T 1, NPF 1, independent 1; composition - men 185, women 25, percent of women 31.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)" @@ -1125,19 +1127,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1146,11 +1148,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the ZDF inventory is comprised mostly of older Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment; since 2000, China is the leading arms supplier to the ZDF, although there are no recorded deliveries of weapons since 2006; since the early 2000s, Zimbabwe has been under an arms embargo from the European Union, as well as targeted sanctions from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (18-24 for officer cadets; 18-30 for technical/specialist personnel); no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2021)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "the ZDF was formed after independence from the former Rhodesian Army and the two guerrilla forces that opposed it during the Rhodesian Civil War (aka \"Bush War\") of the 1970s, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA); internal security is a key current responsibility, and the military continues to play an active role in the country’s politics since the coup of 2017" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (18-24 for officer cadets; 18-30 for technical/specialist personnel); no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2021)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index 651ad991..fcc9c0d1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -309,12 +309,12 @@ "text": "the meaning of Samoa is disputed; some modern explanations are that the \"sa\" connotes  \"sacred\" and \"moa\" indicates \"center,\" so the name can mean \"Holy Center\"; alternatively, some assertions state that it can mean \"place of the sacred moa bird\" of Polynesian mythology; the name, however, may go back to Proto-Polynesian (PPn) times (before 1000 B.C.); a plausible PPn reconstruction has the first syllable as \"sa'a\" meaning \"tribe or people\" and \"moa\" meaning \"deep sea or ocean\" to convey the meaning \"people of the deep sea\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior" - }, "Government type": { "text": "unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches;" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Pago Pago" @@ -353,18 +353,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Legislature or Fono consists of:
Senate (18 seats; members indirectly selected by regional governing councils to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (21 seats; 20 members directly elected by simple majority vote and 1 decided by public meeting on Swains Island; members serve 2-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 18; composition - men 17, women 1; percent of women 5.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" - }, - "note": "note: American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022); Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN elected delegate; Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN (Republican Party) 83.5%, Oreta CHRICHTON (Democratic Party) 14.4%, Meleagi SUITONU-CHAPMAN (Democratic Party) 2.1%" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)" @@ -382,6 +370,18 @@ "text": "Lemanu Peleti MAUGA elected governor in first round; percent of vote - Lemanu Peleti MAUGA (independent) 60.3%, Gaoteote Palaie TOFAU (independent) 21.9%, I'aulualo Fa'afetai TALIA (independent) 12.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Legislature or Fono consists of:
Senate (18 seats; members indirectly selected by regional governing councils to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (21 seats; 20 members directly elected by simple majority vote and 1 decided by public meeting on Swains Island; members serve 2-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 18; composition - men 17, women 1; percent of women 5.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" + }, + "note": "note: American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022); Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN elected delegate; Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN (Republican Party) 83.5%, Oreta CHRICHTON (Democratic Party) 14.4%, Meleagi SUITONU-CHAPMAN (Democratic Party) 2.1%" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court of American Samoa (consists of the chief justice, associate chief justice, and 6 Samoan associate judges and organized into trial, family, drug, and appellate divisions); note - American Samoa has no US federal courts" diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 003e354e..2d69bd09 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -450,7 +450,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April" }, - "note": "note: Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)

etymolgy: the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area \"Nganbra\" or \"Nganbira\"


" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area \"Nganbra\" or \"Nganbira\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia" @@ -495,17 +500,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:
Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the 6 states and 2 each from the 2 mainland territories; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of state membership renewed every 3 years and territory membership renewed every 3 years)
House of Representatives (151 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority preferential vote; members serve terms of up to 3 years)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 18 May 2019 (next to be held in 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 18 May 2019 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National coalition 37.99%, ALP 28.79%, The Greens 10.19%, One Nation 5.4%, Centre Alliance .19%, Lambie Network .21%, other 17.23%; seats by party - Liberal/National coalition 35, ALP 26, The Greens 9, One Nation 2, Centre Alliance 2, Lambie Network 1, independents 1
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National coalition 41.4%, ALP 33.3%, The Greens 10.4%, Katter's Australian Party .49%, Centre Alliance .33%, independents 3.37%, other 10.63%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 77, ALP 68, The Greens 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Centre Alliance 1, independent 3" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David HURLEY (since 1 July 2019)" @@ -520,6 +514,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:
Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the 6 states and 2 each from the 2 mainland territories; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of state membership renewed every 3 years and territory membership renewed every 3 years)
House of Representatives (151 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority preferential vote; members serve terms of up to 3 years)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 18 May 2019 (next to be held in 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 18 May 2019 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National coalition 37.99%, ALP 28.79%, The Greens 10.19%, One Nation 5.4%, Centre Alliance .19%, Lambie Network .21%, other 17.23%; seats by party - Liberal/National coalition 35, ALP 26, The Greens 9, One Nation 2, Centre Alliance 2, Lambie Network 1, independents 1
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National coalition 41.4%, ALP 33.3%, The Greens 10.4%, Katter's Australian Party .49%, Centre Alliance .33%, independents 3.37%, other 10.63%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 77, ALP 68, The Greens 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Centre Alliance 1, independent 3" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court of Australia (consists of 7 justices, including the chief justice); note - each of the 6 states, 2 territories, and Norfolk Island has a Supreme Court; the High Court is the final appellate court beyond the state and territory supreme courts" diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index d354c0aa..0fe02097 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The UK established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in the 1890s. Some of the bitterest fighting of World War II occurred on this archipelago and the Guadalcanal Campaign (August 1942-February 1943) proved a turning point in the Pacific War, since after the operation the Japanese lost their strategic initiative and remained on the defensive until thier final defeat in 1945. Self-government for the Solomon Islands came in 1976 and independence two years later. Ethnic violence, government malfeasance, endemic crime, and a narrow economic base have undermined stability and civil society. In June 2003, then Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought the assistance of Australia in reestablishing law and order; the following month, an Australian-led multinational force arrived to restore peace and disarm ethnic militias. The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), which ended in June 2017, was generally effective in restoring law and order and rebuilding government institutions." + "text": "

Settlers from Papua arrived on Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to Solomon Islands and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement on the islands in the late 1500s, Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until 1767 when British explorer Philip CARTERET sailed by the islands. The islands were regularly visited by European explorers and American and British whaling ships into the 1800s, followed by missionaries in the 1850s.

Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885 and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its Solomon Islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. The UK tried to encourage plantation farming but few Europeans were willing to go to Solomon Islands and the UK left most services - such as education and medical services - to missionaries. In 1942, Japan invaded Solomon Islands and significant battles against Allied forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign proved a turning point in the Pacific war. World War II destroyed large parts of Solomon Islands and a nationalism movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British relented to allow for some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA.

In 1999, longstanding ethnic tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly-elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to SOGAVARE’s ouster. In 2003, Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order. The Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), which ended in 2017, was generally effective in improving the security situation. In 2006, riots broke out in Honiara and the city’s Chinatown burned over allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time following elections in 2019 and that same year announced Solomon Islands would switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -453,7 +453,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from \"nagho ni ara,\" which in one of the Guadalcanal languages roughly translates as \"facing the eastern wind\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from \"nagho ni ara,\" which in one of the Guadalcanal languages roughly translates as \"facing the eastern wind\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 provinces and 1 city*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira and Ulawa, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western" @@ -495,17 +497,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 3 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David VUNAGI (since 8 July 2019)" @@ -523,6 +514,17 @@ "text": "Manasseh SOGAVARE (independent) defeated in no-confidence vote on 6 November 2017; Rick HOU elected prime minister on 15 November 2017" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 3 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges, as prescribed by the National Parliament)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 6b37cad3..12edacba 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -193,12 +193,12 @@ "text": "the name refers to the abundant coconut trees on the islands and to English Captain William KEELING, the first European to sight the islands in 1609" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" - }, "Government type": { "text": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "West Island" @@ -236,17 +236,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council (7 seats; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms with half the membership renewed every 2 years)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held in October 2017 (next to be held on 31 October 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 5, women 2, percent of women 28.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia General David HURLEY (since 1 July 2019)" @@ -261,6 +250,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Australian prime minister; administrator appointed by the governor general for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council (7 seats; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms with half the membership renewed every 2 years)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held in October 2017 (next to be held on 31 October 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 5, women 2, percent of women 28.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "under the terms of the Territorial Law Reform Act 1992, Western Australia provides court services as needed for the island including the Supreme Court and subordinate courts (District Court, Magistrate Court, Family Court, Children's Court, and Coroners' Court)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 97b9bc2b..0a98b75b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -317,12 +317,12 @@ "text": "formally claimed and named by Spain in 1667 in honor of the Spanish Queen, MARIANA of Austria" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs" - }, "Government type": { "text": "republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Saipan" @@ -333,7 +333,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the entire island of Saipan is organized as a single municipality and serves as the capital; according to legend, when the first native voyagers arrived in their outrigger canoes they found an uninhabited island; to them it was like an empty voyage, so they named the island \"saay\" meaning \"a voyage,\" and \"peel\" meaning \"empty\"; over time Saaypeel - \"island of the empty voyage\" - became Saipan" + "etymology": { + "text": "the entire island of Saipan is organized as a single municipality and serves as the capital; according to legend, when the first native voyagers arrived in their outrigger canoes they found an uninhabited island; to them it was like an empty voyage, so they named the island \"saay\" meaning \"a voyage,\" and \"peel\" meaning \"empty\"; over time Saaypeel - \"island of the empty voyage\" - became Saipan" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 municipalities at the second order: Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian" @@ -361,18 +363,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Northern Marianas Commonwealth Legislature consists of:
Senate (9 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (20 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)

the Northern Mariana Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
CNMI Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
CNMI House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022)
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives  - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
CNMI Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 6, independent 3; composition - men 8, women 1, percent of women 11.1%
CNMI House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 9, Democrat Party 8, independent 3

delegate to US House of Representatives - seat won by independent; composition - 1 man" - }, - "note": "note: the Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the \"Committee of the Whole House\" but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)" @@ -390,6 +380,18 @@ "text": "Ralph TORRES elected governor; percent of vote - Ralph TORRES (Republican) 62.2%, Juan BABAUTA (Independent) 37.8%;  Arnold PALACIOS elected Lieutenant Governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Northern Marianas Commonwealth Legislature consists of:
Senate (9 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (20 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)

the Northern Mariana Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
CNMI Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
CNMI House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022)
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives  - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
CNMI Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 6, independent 3; composition - men 8, women 1, percent of women 11.1%
CNMI House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 9, Democrat Party 8, independent 3

delegate to US House of Representatives - seat won by independent; composition - 1 man" + }, + "note": "note: the Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the \"Committee of the Whole House\" but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices); US Federal District Court (consists of 1 judge); note - US Federal District Court jurisdiction limited to US federal laws; appeals beyond the CNMI Supreme Court are referred to the US Supreme Court" diff --git a/australia-oceania/cr.json b/australia-oceania/cr.json index 24c2ed75..d1291ebc 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cr.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The widely scattered islands were first charted in 1803, but they were too small to host any permanent human habitation. The 1870s and 1880s, saw attempts at guano mining, but these were soon abandoned. The islands became an Australian territory in 1969 and its boundaries were extended in 1997. A small meteorological staff has operated on the Willis Islets since 1921, and several other islands host unmanned weather stations, beacons, and lighthouses. Much of the territory lies within marine national nature reserves.

" + "text": "

The widely scattered islands were first charted in 1803, but they were too small to host any permanent human habitation. The 1870s and 1880s, saw attempts at guano mining, but these were soon abandoned. The islands became an Australian territory in 1969 and its boundaries were extended in 1997. A small meteorological staff has operated on the Willis Islets since 1921, and several other islands host unmanned weather stations, beacons, and lighthouses. Much of the territory lies within marine national nature reserves.

 

" } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index e3d79ca6..ff01b9aa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -357,12 +357,12 @@ "text": "named after Captain James COOK, the British explorer who visited the islands in 1773 and 1777" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense in consultation with the Cook Islands" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense in consultation with the Cook Islands" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Avarua" @@ -373,7 +373,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: translates as \"two harbors\" in Maori" + "etymology": { + "text": "translates as \"two harbors\" in Maori" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none" @@ -401,17 +403,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament, formerly the Legislative Assembly (24 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the House of Ariki, a 24-member parliamentary body of traditional leaders appointed by the Queen's representative serves as a consultative body to the Parliament" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 14 June 2018 (next to be held by 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Demo 11, CIP 10, One Cook Islands Movement 1, independent 2; composition - men 15, women 9, percent of women 37.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Sir Tom J. MARSTERS (since 9 August 2013); New Zealand Acting High Commissioner Ms Rachel BENNETT (since 9 December 2019)" @@ -426,6 +417,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; UK representative appointed by the monarch; New Zealand high commissioner appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament, formerly the Legislative Assembly (24 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the House of Ariki, a 24-member parliamentary body of traditional leaders appointed by the Queen's representative serves as a consultative body to the Parliament" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 14 June 2018 (next to be held by 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Demo 11, CIP 10, One Cook Islands Movement 1, independent 2; composition - men 15, women 9, percent of women 37.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges of the High Court); High Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and land divisions); note - appeals beyond the Cook Islands Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index a331267f..0a40dceb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -474,6 +474,9 @@ }, "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name means \"little hill\" in the native Fijian (iTaukei) language and refers to a mound where a temple once stood" } }, "Administrative divisions": { @@ -516,17 +519,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (51 seats; members directly elected in a nationwide, multi-seat constituency by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 14 November 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - FijiFirst 50%, SODELPA 39.6%, NFP 7.4%; seats by party - FijiFirst 27, SODELPA 21, NFP 3; composition - men 41, women 10, percent of women 19.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Jioji Konousi KONROTE (since 12 November 2015)" @@ -544,6 +536,17 @@ "text": "Jioji Konousi KONROTE reelected president (unopposed)" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (51 seats; members directly elected in a nationwide, multi-seat constituency by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 14 November 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - FijiFirst 50%, SODELPA 39.6%, NFP 7.4%; seats by party - FijiFirst 27, SODELPA 21, NFP 3; composition - men 41, women 10, percent of women 19.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 82090143..f454cff2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -411,7 +411,10 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note 1: Micronesia has two time zones

note 2: Palikir became the new capital of the country in 1989, three years after independence; Kolonia, the former capital, remains the site for many foreign embassies; it also serves as the Pohnpei state capital " + "time zone note": { + "text": "Micronesia has two time zones" + }, + "note": "note: Palikir became the new capital of the country in 1989, three years after independence; Kolonia, the former capital, remains the site for many foreign embassies; it also serves as the Pohnpei state capital" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap" @@ -453,17 +456,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Congress (14 seats; 10 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms and 4 at- large members directly elected from each of the 4 states by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 2 March 2021 (next to be held on March 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 14; composition - men 14, women 0" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President David W. PANUELO (since 11 May 2019); Vice President Yosiwo P. GEORGE (since 11 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -481,6 +473,17 @@ "text": "David W. PANUELO elected president by Congress; Yosiwo P. GEORGE reelected vice president" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Congress (14 seats; 10 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms and 4 at- large members directly elected from each of the 4 states by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 2 March 2021 (next to be held on March 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 14; composition - men 14, women 0" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and not more than 5 associate justices and organized into appellate and criminal divisions)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index e8f52bb6..4a821d65 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -371,12 +371,12 @@ "text": "the term \"Polynesia\" is an 18th-century construct composed of two Greek words, \"poly\" (many) and \"nesoi\" (islands), and refers to the more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas country of France; note - overseas territory of France from 1946-2003; overseas collectivity of France since 2003, though it is often referred to as an overseas country due to its degree of autonomy" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas country of France; note - overseas territory of France from 1946-2003; overseas collectivity of France since 2003, though it is often referred to as an overseas country due to its degree of autonomy" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Papeete (located on Tahiti)" @@ -387,7 +387,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name means \"water basket\" and refers to the fact that the islanders originally used calabashes enclosed in baskets to fetch water at a spring in the area" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name means \"water basket\" and refers to the fact that the islanders originally used calabashes enclosed in baskets to fetch water at a spring in the area" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "5 administrative subdivisions (subdivisions administratives, singular - subdivision administrative): Iles Australes (Austral Islands), Iles du Vent (Windward Islands), Iles Marquises (Marquesas Islands), Iles Sous-le-Vent (Leeward Islands), Iles Tuamotu-Gambier; note - the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands together make up the Society Islands (Iles de la Societe)" @@ -415,17 +417,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of French Polynesia or Assemblée de la Polynésie française (57 seats; elections held in 2 rounds; in the second round, 38 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by a closed-list proportional representation vote; the party receiving the most votes gets an additional 19 seats; members serve 5-year terms)




French Polynesia indirectly elects 2 senators to the French Senate via an electoral college by absolute majority vote for 6-year terms with one-half the membership renewed every 3 years and directly elects 3 deputies to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for 5-year terms" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "

Assembly of French Polynesia - last held on 22 April 2018 and 6 May 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
French Senate - last held in September 2017 (next to be held in September 2020)
French National Assembly - last held in 2 rounds on 3 and 17 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022)

" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "

Assembly of French Polynesia - percent of vote by party - Tapura Huiraatira 45.1%, Popular Rally 29.3%, Tavini Huiraatira 25.6%; seats by party - Tapura Huiraatira 38, Popular Rally 11, Tavini Huiraatira 8; composition - men 27, women 30, percent of women 52.6%
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Popular Rally 1, People's Servant Party 1; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Tapura Huiractura 2, Tavini Huiraatura 1; composition - men 353, women 224, percent of women 38.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%

" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Dominique SORAIN (since 10 July 2019)" @@ -440,6 +431,17 @@ "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; French Polynesia president indirectly elected by Assembly of French Polynesia for a 5-year term (no term limits)" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of French Polynesia or Assemblée de la Polynésie française (57 seats; elections held in 2 rounds; in the second round, 38 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by a closed-list proportional representation vote; the party receiving the most votes gets an additional 19 seats; members serve 5-year terms)




French Polynesia indirectly elects 2 senators to the French Senate via an electoral college by absolute majority vote for 6-year terms with one-half the membership renewed every 3 years and directly elects 3 deputies to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for 5-year terms" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "

Assembly of French Polynesia - last held on 22 April 2018 and 6 May 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
French Senate - last held in September 2017 (next to be held in September 2020)
French National Assembly - last held in 2 rounds on 3 and 17 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022)

" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "

Assembly of French Polynesia - percent of vote by party - Tapura Huiraatira 45.1%, Popular Rally 29.3%, Tavini Huiraatira 25.6%; seats by party - Tapura Huiraatira 38, Popular Rally 11, Tavini Huiraatira 8; composition - men 27, women 30, percent of women 52.6%
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Popular Rally 1, People's Servant Party 1; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Tapura Huiractura 2, Tavini Huiraatura 1; composition - men 353, women 224, percent of women 38.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%

" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (composition NA); note - appeals beyond the French Polynesia Court of Appeal are heard by the Court of Cassation (in Paris)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 64f42f56..3dbfae4b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -361,12 +361,12 @@ "text": "the native Chamorro name for the island \"Guahan\" (meaning \"we have\" or \"ours\") was changed to Guam in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, whereby Spain relinquished Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the US" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the federal government under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior" - }, "Government type": { "text": "republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the federal government under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Hagatna (Agana)" @@ -377,7 +377,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name is derived from the Chamoru word \"haga,\" meaning \"blood\", and may refer to the bloodlines of the various families that established the original settlement" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is derived from the Chamoru word \"haga,\" meaning \"blood\", and may refer to the bloodlines of the various families that established the original settlement" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territory of the US)" @@ -405,18 +407,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - Guamanians are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislature of Guam or Liheslaturan Guahan (15 seats; members elected in a single countrywide constituency by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 10, Republican Party 5; composition - men 5, women 10, percent of women 66.7%" - }, - "note": "note: Guam directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held on 3 November 2020); election results - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition 1 man" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "

President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)

" @@ -434,6 +424,18 @@ "text": "Lourdes LEON GUERRERO elected governor; percent of vote -  Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (Democratic Party) 50.7%, Ray TENORIO (Republican Party) 26.4%; Josh TENORIO (Democratic Party) elected lieutenant governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislature of Guam or Liheslaturan Guahan (15 seats; members elected in a single countrywide constituency by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 10, Republican Party 5; composition - men 5, women 10, percent of women 66.7%" + }, + "note": "note: Guam directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held on 3 November 2020); election results - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition 1 man" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Guam (consists of 3 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Guam are referred to the US Supreme Court" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index 3688af41..8a2aa346 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -441,7 +441,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: Kiribati has three time zones: the Gilbert Islands group at UTC+12, the Phoenix Islands at UTC+13, and the Line Islands at UTC+14

etymology: in Kiribati creation mythology, \"tarawa\" was what the spider Nareau named the land to distinguish it from \"karawa\" (the sky) and \"marawa\" (the ocean)" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Kiribati has three time zones: the Gilbert Islands group at UTC+12, the Phoenix Islands at UTC+13, and the Line Islands at UTC+14" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "in Kiribati creation mythology, \"tarawa\" was what the spider Nareau named the land to distinguish it from \"karawa\" (the sky) and \"marawa\" (the ocean)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 geographical units: Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions, but there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)" @@ -483,17 +488,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two-rounds if needed; 1 member appointed by the Rabi Council of Leaders - representing Banaba Island, and 1 ex officio member - the attorney general; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "legislative elections originally scheduled to be held in two rounds on 7 and 15 April 2020 but rescheduled for 14 and 21 April (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party (second round) - NA; seats by party (second round) - TKB 22, BKM 22, 1 independent" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Taneti MAAMAU (since 11 March 2016); Vice President Teuea TOATU (since 19 June 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -511,6 +505,17 @@ "text": "Taneti MAAMAU reelected president; percent of vote - Taneti MAAMAU (TKB) 59.3%, Banuera BERINA (BKM) 40.7%." } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two-rounds if needed; 1 member appointed by the Rabi Council of Leaders - representing Banaba Island, and 1 ex officio member - the attorney general; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "legislative elections originally scheduled to be held in two rounds on 7 and 15 April 2020 but rescheduled for 14 and 21 April (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party (second round) - NA; seats by party (second round) - TKB 22, BKM 22, 1 independent" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court (consists of a chief justice and other judges as prescribed by the president); note - the High Court has jurisdiction on constitutional issues" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index ead3b586..a18bfd2f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -197,12 +197,12 @@ "text": "named by English Captain William MYNORS for the day of its rediscovery, Christmas Day (25 December 1643); the island had been sighted by Europeans as early as 1615" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" - }, "Government type": { "text": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "The Settlement (Flying Fish Cove)" @@ -213,7 +213,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: self-descriptive name for the main locus of population" + "etymology": { + "text": "self-descriptive name for the main locus of population" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territory of Australia)" @@ -241,17 +243,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms with a portion of the membership renewed every 2 years)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "held every 2 years with half the members standing for election; last held on 21 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 9; composition as of 17 October 2015 - men 7, women 2, percent of women 22.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia General David HURLEY (since 1 July 2019)" @@ -263,6 +254,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Australian prime minister; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms with a portion of the membership renewed every 2 years)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "held every 2 years with half the members standing for election; last held on 21 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 9; composition as of 17 October 2015 - men 7, women 2, percent of women 22.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "under the terms of the Territorial Law Reform Act 1992, Western Australia provides court services as needed for the island, including the Supreme Court and subordinate courts (District Court, Magistrate Court, Family Court, Children's Court, and Coroners' Court)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index ee985451..bf3fa196 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -380,12 +380,12 @@ "text": "British explorer Captain James COOK discovered and named New Caledonia in 1774; he used the appellation because the northeast of the island reminded him of Scotland (Caledonia is the Latin designation for Scotland)" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "special collectivity (or a sui generis collectivity) of France since 1998; note - independence referenda took place on 4 November 2018 and 4 October 2020 with a majority voting to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo; an additional referenda, still unsceheduled, may occur in 2022" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "special collectivity (or a sui generis collectivity) of France since 1998; note - independence referenda took place on 4 November 2018 and 4 October 2020 with a majority voting to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo; an additional referenda, still unsceheduled, may occur in 2022" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Noumea" @@ -396,7 +396,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: established in 1854 as Port-de-France, the settlement was renamed Noumea in 1866, in order to avoid any confusion with Fort-de-France in Martinique; the New Caledonian language of Ndrumbea (also spelled Ndumbea, Dubea, and Drubea) spoken in the area gave its name to the capital city, Noumea, as well as to the neighboring town (suburb) of Dumbea" + "etymology": { + "text": "established in 1854 as Port-de-France, the settlement was renamed Noumea in 1866, in order to avoid any confusion with Fort-de-France in Martinique; the New Caledonian language of Ndrumbea (also spelled Ndumbea, Dubea, and Drubea) spoken in the area gave its name to the capital city, Noumea, as well as to the neighboring town (suburb) of Dumbea" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 provinces; Province Iles (Islands Province), Province Nord (North Province), and Province Sud (South Province)" @@ -424,17 +426,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Territorial Congress or Congrès du Territoire (54 seats; members indirectly selected proportionally by the partisan makeup of the 3 Provincial Assemblies or Assemblés Provinciales; members of the 3 Provincial Assemblies directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, the indigenous population, which rules on laws affecting the indigenous population
New Caledonia indirectly elects 2 members to the French Senate by an electoral colleges for a 6-year term with one seat renewed every 3 years and directly elects 2 members to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)
French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held not later than 2019)

French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "

Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party -Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26); composition - men 30, women 24, percent of women 44.4%


French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2

French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by High Commissioner Laurent PREVOST (since 5 August 2019)" @@ -452,6 +443,17 @@ "text": "Thierry SANTA elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 votes out of 11" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Territorial Congress or Congrès du Territoire (54 seats; members indirectly selected proportionally by the partisan makeup of the 3 Provincial Assemblies or Assemblés Provinciales; members of the 3 Provincial Assemblies directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, the indigenous population, which rules on laws affecting the indigenous population
New Caledonia indirectly elects 2 members to the French Senate by an electoral colleges for a 6-year term with one seat renewed every 3 years and directly elects 2 members to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)
French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held not later than 2019)

French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "

Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party -Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26); composition - men 30, women 24, percent of women 44.4%


French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2

French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal in Noumea or Cour d'Appel; organized into civil, commercial, social, and pre-trial investigation chambers; court bench normally includes the court president and 2 counselors); Administrative Court (number of judges NA); note - final appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (in Paris); final appeals beyond the Administrative Court are referred to the Administrative Court of Appeal (in Paris)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index 60b0a72c..fc2e1e99 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -287,12 +287,12 @@ }, "note": "note: pronunciation falls between nyu-way and new-way, but not like new-wee" }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Alofi" @@ -327,17 +327,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Fono Ekepule (20 seats; 14 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 6 directly elected from the National Register or \"common roll\" by majority vote; members serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 30 May 2020 (next to be held on 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner Kirk YATES (since May 2018)" @@ -355,6 +344,17 @@ "text": "Dalton TAGELAGI elected premier; Legislative Assembly vote - Dalton TAGELAGI (independent) 13, O'Love JACOBSEN (independent) 7; Toke TALAGI lost his seat in election" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly or Fono Ekepule (20 seats; 14 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 6 directly elected from the National Register or \"common roll\" by majority vote; members serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 30 May 2020 (next to be held on 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and up to 3 judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the final appeal court beyond the Niue Court of Appeal" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index e94e2207..f874d2f3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ "text": "named by British explorer Captain James COOK after Mary HOWARD, Duchess of Norfolk, in 1774" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "self-governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" - }, "Government type": { "text": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia; note - the Norfolk Island Regional Council, which began operations 1 July 2016, is responsible for planning and managing a variety of public services, including those funded by the Government of Australia" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "self-governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities & Regional Development" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Kingston" @@ -226,7 +226,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April" }, - "note": "etymology: the name is a blending of the words \"king's\" and \"town\"; the British king at the time of the town's settlement in the late 18th century was George III" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is a blending of the words \"king's\" and \"town\"; the British king at the time of the town's settlement in the late 18th century was George III" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territory of Australia)" @@ -254,18 +256,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Norfolk Island Regional Council (5 seats; councillors directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); mayor elected annually by the councillors" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "elections last held 28 May 2016 (next rescheduled to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "seats by party - independent 5; composition - men 4, women 1, percent of women 20%" - }, - "note": "note: following an administrative restructuring of local government, the Legislative Assembly was dissolved on 18 June 2015 and replaced by an interim Norfolk Island Advisory Council effective 1 July 2015; the Advisory Council consisted of 5 members appointed by the Norfolk Island administrator based on nominations from the community; following elections on 28 May 2016, the new Norfolk Island Regional Council (NIRC) commenced operations on 1 July 2016; on 20 December 2020 the NIRC was suspended for three months following a public audit and this suspension was extended on 3 February 2021 for an additional three months pending the outcome of a public inquiry; the council election previously scheduled for 13 March 2021 has been postponed 12 months" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia General David HURLEY (since 1 July 2019)" @@ -280,6 +270,18 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Norfolk Island Regional Council (5 seats; councillors directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); mayor elected annually by the councillors" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "elections last held 28 May 2016 (next rescheduled to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "seats by party - independent 5; composition - men 4, women 1, percent of women 20%" + }, + "note": "note: following an administrative restructuring of local government, the Legislative Assembly was dissolved on 18 June 2015 and replaced by an interim Norfolk Island Advisory Council effective 1 July 2015; the Advisory Council consisted of 5 members appointed by the Norfolk Island administrator based on nominations from the community; following elections on 28 May 2016, the new Norfolk Island Regional Council (NIRC) commenced operations on 1 July 2016; on 20 December 2020 the NIRC was suspended for three months following a public audit and this suspension was extended on 3 February 2021 for an additional three months pending the outcome of a public inquiry; the council election previously scheduled for 13 March 2021 has been postponed 12 months" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island are heard by the Federal Court and the High Court of Australia" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index 4b2b5c2c..ddc129ad 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Multiple waves of colonizers, each speaking a distinct language, migrated to the New Hebrides in the millennia preceding European exploration in the 18th century. This settlement pattern accounts for the complex linguistic diversity found on the archipelago to this day. The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980, when the new name of Vanuatu was adopted. Politics and society continue to be divided along linguistic lines, although those divisions are lessening over time. Coalition governments tend to be weak, and since 2008, prime ministers have been ousted through no-confidence motions or temporary procedural issues 10 times. Prime Minister Charlot SALAWI has survived at least five no-confidence motions since taking office in 2016." + "text": "

Vanuatu was first settled around 2000 B.C. by Austronesian speakers from Solomon Islands. By around 1000, localized chieftain systems began to develop on the islands. In the mid-1400s, the Kuwae Volcano erupted, causing frequent conflict and internal strife amid declining food availability, especially on Efate Island. Around 1600, Chief ROI MATA united Efate under his rule. In 1606, Portuguese explorer Pedro Fernandes de QUEIROS was the first European to see the Banks Islands and Espiritu Santo, setting up a short-lived settlement on the latter. The next European explorers arrived in the 1760s, and in 1774, British navigator James COOK named the islands the New Hebrides. The islands were frequented by whalers in the 1800s and interest in harvesting the islands’ sandalwood trees caused conflict between Europeans and local Ni-Vanuatu. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in the 1840s but faced difficulties converting the locals. In the 1860s, European planters in Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Samoa needed labor and kidnapped almost half the adult males of the islands and forced them to work as indentured servants.

With growing and overlapping interests in the islands, France and the UK agreed that the New Hebrides would be neutral in 1878 and established a joint naval commission in 1887. In 1906, the two countries created the British-French Condominium to jointly administer the islands and they established separate laws, police forces, currencies, and education and health systems. The condominium arrangement was dysfunctional and the UK used France’s defeat to Germany in World War II to assert greater control over the islands. As Japan pushed into Melanesia, the US stationed up to 50,000 soldiers in Vanuatu to prevent further advances. In 1945, US troops withdrew and sold their equipment, leading to the rise of political and religious cargo cults, such as the John Frum movement.

The France-UK condominium was reestablished after World War II. The UK was interested in moving the condominium toward independence in the 1960s but France was hesitant and political parties agitating independence began to form, largely divided along linguistic lines. France eventually relented and elections were held in 1974 with independence granted in 1980 as Vanuatu under English-speaking Prime Minister Walter LINI. At independence, the Nagriamel Movement, with support from French-speaking landowners, declared Espiritu Santo independent, but the short-lived state was dissolved 12 weeks later. Linguistic divisions have lessened over time but highly fractious political parties have led to weak coalition governments that require support from both Anglophone and Francophone parties. Since 2008, prime ministers have been ousted through no-confidence motions or temporary procedural issues 10 times.




" } }, "Geography": { @@ -459,7 +459,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: there are two possibilities for the origin of the name: early European settlers were Portuguese and \"vila\" means \"village or town\" in Portuguese, hence \"Port-Vila\" would mean \"Port Town\"; alternatively, the site of the capital is referred to as \"Efil\" or \"Ifira\" in native languages, \"Vila\" is a likely corruption of these names" + "etymology": { + "text": "there are two possibilities for the origin of the name: early European settlers were Portuguese and \"vila\" means \"village or town\" in Portuguese, hence \"Port-Vila\" would mean \"Port Town\"; alternatively, the site of the capital is referred to as \"Efil\" or \"Ifira\" in native languages, \"Vila\" is a likely corruption of these names" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba" @@ -501,18 +503,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members directly elected in 8 single-seat and 9 multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 4-year terms (candidates in multi-seat constituencies can be elected with only 4% of the vote)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 19–20 March 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GJP 9, RMC 7, VP 7, LPV 5, UMP 5, NUP 4, other 15; composition - men 52, women 0; percent of women 0%; note - political party associations are fluid" - }, - "note": "note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Tallis Obed MOSES (since 6 July 2017)" @@ -530,6 +520,18 @@ "text": "Bob LOUGHMAN elected prime minister on 20 April 2020; Bob LOUGHMAN 31 votes, Ralph REGENVANU 21 votes" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members directly elected in 8 single-seat and 9 multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 4-year terms (candidates in multi-seat constituencies can be elected with only 4% of the vote)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 19–20 March 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GJP 9, RMC 7, VP 7, LPV 5, UMP 5, NUP 4, other 15; composition - men 52, women 0; percent of women 0%; note - political party associations are fluid" + }, + "note": "note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court designated by the chief justice); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 puisne judges - 3 local and 3 expatriate)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index b885e5e9..1b16e12c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -441,17 +441,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "20 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral parliament (19 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote using the \"Dowdall\" counting system by which voters rank candidates on their ballots; members serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 24 August 2019 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 19; composition - men 17, women 2, percent of women 10.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Lionel AINGIMEA (since 27 August 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -469,6 +458,17 @@ "text": "Lionel AINGIMEA elected president; Parliament vote - Lionel AINGIMEA (independent) 12, David ADEANG (Nauru First) 6" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral parliament (19 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote using the \"Dowdall\" counting system by which voters rank candidates on their ballots; members serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 24 August 2019 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 19; composition - men 17, women 2, percent of women 10.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - in late 2017, the Nauruan Government revoked the 1976 High Court Appeals Act, which had allowed appeals beyond the Nauruan Supreme Court, and in early 2018, the government formed its own appeals court" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 611fec46..c6820ac0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -459,7 +459,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April" }, - "note": "note: New Zealand has two time zones: New Zealand standard time (UTC+12) and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time; UTC+12:45)

etymology: named in 1840 after Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington and victorious general at the Battle of Waterloo" + "time zone note": { + "text": "New Zealand has two time zones: New Zealand standard time (UTC+12) and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time; UTC+12:45)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "named in 1840 after Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington and victorious general at the Battle of Waterloo" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast" @@ -504,17 +509,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats for 2020-23 term); 72 members directly elected in 65 single-seat constituencies and 7 Maori constituencies by simple majority vote and 48 directly elected by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 17 October 2020 (next scheduled for 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Labor Party 49.1%, National Party 26.8%, ACT Party 8%, Green Party 6.3%, Maori Party 1%; seats by party - Labor Party 64, National Party 35, Green Party 10, ACT Party 10, Maori Party 1; composition - men 63, women 57, percent of women 47.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor-General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016)" @@ -529,6 +523,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor-general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor-general; note - Prime Minister ARDERN heads up a minority coalition government consisting of the Labor and New Zealand First parties with confidence and supply support from the Green Party" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats for 2020-23 term); 72 members directly elected in 65 single-seat constituencies and 7 Maori constituencies by simple majority vote and 48 directly elected by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 17 October 2020 (next scheduled for 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Labor Party 49.1%, National Party 26.8%, ACT Party 8%, Green Party 6.3%, Maori Party 1%; seats by party - Labor Party 64, National Party 35, Green Party 10, ACT Party 10, Maori Party 1; composition - men 63, women 57, percent of women 47.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices, including the chief justice); note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final appeals court" @@ -1129,6 +1134,12 @@ "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2021)" } }, + "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)", + "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" + } + }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "

asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)

" diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index 38409f6a..3ff7fd6d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -219,12 +219,12 @@ "text": "named after Midshipman Robert PITCAIRN who first sighted the island in 1767" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Adamstown" @@ -235,7 +235,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-9 (4 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after John Adams (1767–1829), the last survivor of the Bounty mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in January 1790" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after John Adams (1767–1829), the last survivor of the Bounty mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in January 1790" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" @@ -263,17 +265,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal with three years residency" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Island Council (10 seats; 4 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 1 nominated by the elected Council members, 2 appointed by the governor, and 3 ex-officio members - the governor, deputy governor, and commissioner; elected members serve 1-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held in November 2017 (next to be held not later than December 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - 5 independent; composition - men 5, women 5, percent of women 50%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Laura CLARK (since 25 January 2018)" @@ -291,6 +282,17 @@ "text": "Charlene WARREN-PEU elected mayor and chairman of the Island Council; Island Council vote - NA" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Island Council (10 seats; 4 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 1 nominated by the elected Council members, 2 appointed by the governor, and 3 ex-officio members - the governor, deputy governor, and commissioner; elected members serve 1-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held in November 2017 (next to be held not later than December 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - 5 independent; composition - men 5, women 5, percent of women 50%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Pitcairn Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, 2 judges, and the Supreme Court chief justice, an ex-officio member); Pitcairn Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Pitcairn Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 54b771a1..a452d53a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -443,7 +443,10 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the Palauan meaning is \"place of fermented 'mud'\" ('mud' being the native name for the keyhole angelfish); the site of the new capitol (established in 2006) had been a large hill overlooking the ocean, Ngerulmud, on which women would communally gather to offer fermented angelfish to the gods

note: Ngerulmud, on Babeldaob Island, is the smallest national capital on earth by population, with only a few hundred people; the name is pronounced en-jer-al-mud; Koror, on Koror Island, with over 11,000 residents is by far the largest settlement in Palau; it served as the country's capital from independence in 1994 to 2006" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Palauan meaning is \"place of fermented 'mud'\" ('mud' being the native name for the keyhole angelfish); the site of the new capitol (established in 2006) had been a large hill overlooking the ocean, Ngerulmud, on which women would communally gather to offer fermented angelfish to the gods" + }, + "note": "note: Ngerulmud, on Babeldaob Island, is the smallest national capital on earth by population, with only a few hundred people; the name is pronounced en-jer-al-mud; Koror, on Koror Island, with over 11,000 residents is by far the largest settlement in Palau; it served as the country's capital from independence in 1994 to 2006" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "16 states; Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatohobei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngeremlengui, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol" @@ -485,17 +488,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Olbiil Era Kelulau consists of:
Senate (13 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Delegates (16 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
House of Delegates - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 13; composition - men 12, women 1; percent of women 7.7%
House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16; composition - men 15, women 1; percent of women 6.3%; note - overall percent of women in National Congress 6.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Surangel WHIPPS Jr. (since 21 January 2021); Vice President Jerrlyn Uduch Sengebau SENIOR (since 21 January 2021); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -513,6 +505,17 @@ "text": "Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. elected president (in second round); percent of vote - Surangel WHIPPS, Jr. (independent) 56.7%, Raynold OILUCH (independent) 43.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Olbiil Era Kelulau consists of:
Senate (13 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Delegates (16 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
House of Delegates - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 13; composition - men 12, women 1; percent of women 7.7%
House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16; composition - men 15, women 1; percent of women 6.3%; note - overall percent of women in National Congress 6.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 3 associate justices organized into appellate trial divisions; the Supreme Court organization also includes the Common Pleas and Land Courts)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index f93a61bc..aade5e9a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -464,7 +464,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Majuro means \"two openings\" or \"two eyes\" and refers to the two major northern passages through the atoll into the Majuro lagoon" + "etymology": { + "text": "Majuro means \"two openings\" or \"two eyes\" and refers to the two major northern passages through the atoll into the Majuro lagoon" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "24 municipalities; Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikini & Kili, Ebon, Enewetak & Ujelang, Jabat, Jaluit, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Ujae, Utrik, Wotho, Wotje" @@ -506,17 +508,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Parliament consists of:
Council of Iroij, a 12-member group of tribal leaders advises the Presidential Cabinet and reviews legislation affecting customary law or any traditional practice); members appointed to serve 1-year terms
Nitijela (33 seats; members in 19 single- and 5 multi-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - legislative power resides in the Nitijela" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 18 November 2019 (next to be held by November 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 33" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President David KABUA (since  13 January 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -534,6 +525,17 @@ "text": "David KABUA elected president; Parliament vote - David KABUA 20, Hilda C. HEINE 12" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Parliament consists of:
Council of Iroij, a 12-member group of tribal leaders advises the Presidential Cabinet and reviews legislation affecting customary law or any traditional practice); members appointed to serve 1-year terms
Nitijela (33 seats; members in 19 single- and 5 multi-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - legislative power resides in the Nitijela" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 18 November 2019 (next to be held by November 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 33" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 635d40bb..bdff761e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -281,12 +281,12 @@ "text": "\"tokelau\" is a Polynesian word meaning \"north wind\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN-sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not meet the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status" - }, "Government type": { "text": "

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN-sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not meet the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status" + }, "Capital": { "time difference": { "text": "UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" @@ -319,6 +319,21 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; universal" }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Ross ARDERN (since May 2018)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "(Ulu o Tokelau) Kelihiano KALOLO (since 8 March 2021); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) of the atolls" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (or Tokelau Council) functions as a cabinet; consists of 3 Faipule (village leaders) and 3 Pulenuku (village mayors)" + }, + "elections/appointments": { + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; head of government chosen from the Council of Faipule to serve a 1-year term" + }, + "note": "note: the meeting place of the Tokelau Council rotates annually among the three atolls; this tradition has given rise to the somewhat misleading description that the capital rotates yearly between the three atolls; in actuality, it is the seat of the government councilors that rotates since Tokelau has no capital" + }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "unicameral General Fono (20 seats apportioned by island - Atafu 7, Fakaofo 7, Nukunonu 6; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 3-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power to the General Fono" @@ -330,21 +345,6 @@ "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20; composition - men 17, women 3, percent of women 15%" } }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Ross ARDERN (since May 2018)" - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "(Ulu o Tokelau) Fofo Filipo TUISANO (since 9 March 2020); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) of the atolls" - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (or Tokelau Council) functions as a cabinet; consists of 3 Faipule (village leaders) and 3 Pulenuku (village mayors)" - }, - "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; head of government chosen from the Council of Faipule to serve a 1-year term" - }, - "note": "note: the meeting place of the Tokelau Council rotates annually among the three atolls; this tradition has given rise to the somewhat misleading description that the capital rotates yearly between the three atolls; in actuality, it is the seat of the government councilors that rotates since Tokelau has no capital" - }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (in New Zealand) (consists of the court president and 8 judges sitting in 3- or 5-judge panels, depending on the case)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index b2995bc4..12e5924e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -470,7 +470,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January" }, - "note": "etymology: composed of the words \"nuku,\" meaning \"residence or abode,\" and \"alofa,\" meaning \"love,\" to signify \"abode of love\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "composed of the words \"nuku,\" meaning \"residence or abode,\" and \"alofa,\" meaning \"love,\" to signify \"abode of love\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "5 island divisions; 'Eua, Ha'apai, Ongo Niua, Tongatapu, Vava'u" @@ -512,17 +514,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (up to 30 seats; - 26 for the 2017-19 term); 17 people's representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 9 indirectly elected by hereditary leaders; members serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 16 November 2017 (next to be held in 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 14, nobles' representatives 9,  independent 3; composition - men 24, women 2, percent of women 7.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King TUPOU VI (since 18 March 2012); Heir Apparent Crown Prince Siaosi Manumataogo 'Alaivahamama'o 'Ahoeitu Konstantin Tuku'aho, son of the king (born 17 September 1985); note - on 18 March 2012, King George TUPOU V died and his brother, Crown Prince TUPOUTO'A Lavaka, assumed the throne as TUPOU VI" @@ -541,6 +532,17 @@ }, "note": "note: a Privy Council advises the monarch" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (up to 30 seats; - 26 for the 2017-19 term); 17 people's representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 9 indirectly elected by hereditary leaders; members serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 16 November 2017 (next to be held in 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 14, nobles' representatives 9,  independent 3; composition - men 24, women 2, percent of women 7.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and a number of judges determined by the monarch); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are brought before the King in Privy Council, the monarch's advisory organ that has both judicial and legislative powers" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 96adc314..efdf1031 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -404,7 +404,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the atoll is named after a founding ancestor chief, Funa, from the island of Samoa" + "etymology": { + "text": "the atoll is named after a founding ancestor chief, Funa, from the island of Samoa" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 island councils and 1 town council*; Funafuti*, Nanumaga, Nanumea, Niutao, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, Vaitupu" @@ -446,17 +448,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly or Fale I Fono (16 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 9 September 2019 (next to be held on September 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16 (9 members reelected)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Acting Governor General Teniku TALESI Honolulu
(since 19 August 2019)" @@ -474,6 +465,17 @@ "text": "Kausea NATANO elected prime minister by House of Assembly; House of Assembly vote count on 19 September 2019 - 10 to 6" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly or Fale I Fono (16 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 9 September 2019 (next to be held on September 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16 (9 members reelected)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and not less than 3 appeals judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice); appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 63bfbb8e..7e9627ad 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ "text": "Wallis Island is named after British Captain Samuel WALLIS, who discovered it in 1767; Futuna is derived from the native word \"futu,\" which is the name of the fish-poison tree found on the island" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas collectivity of France" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Assembly); overseas collectivity of France" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas collectivity of France" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea)" @@ -376,18 +376,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (20 seats - Wallis 13, Futuna 7; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term, and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote for a 5-year term" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Territorial Assembly - last held on 26 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2022)
French Senate - last held on 28 September 2014 (next to be held by September 2020)
French National Assembly - last held on 11 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Territorial Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 2 members are elected from the list Fia gaue fakatahi kihe kaha'u e lelei and 1 each from 18 other lists; composition - men 14, women 6, percent of women 30%
French Senate - LR 1
French National Assembly - independent 1" - }, - "note": " " - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Administrator Superior Herve JONATHAN (since 11 January 2021)" @@ -403,6 +391,18 @@ }, "note": "note: there are 3 traditional kings with limited powers" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (20 seats - Wallis 13, Futuna 7; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term, and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote for a 5-year term" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Territorial Assembly - last held on 26 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2022)
French Senate - last held on 28 September 2014 (next to be held by September 2020)
French National Assembly - last held on 11 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Territorial Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 2 members are elected from the list Fia gaue fakatahi kihe kaha'u e lelei and 1 each from 18 other lists; composition - men 14, women 6, percent of women 30%
French Senate - LR 1
French National Assembly - independent 1" + }, + "note": " " + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Assizes or Cour d'Assizes (consists of 1 judge; court hears primarily serious criminal cases); note - appeals beyond the Court of Assizes are heard before the Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (in Noumea, New Caledonia)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/wq.json b/australia-oceania/wq.json index 2f2e674b..52c24f55 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wq.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The US annexed Wake Island in 1899 for a cable station. An important air and naval base was constructed in 1940-41. In December 1941, the island was captured by the Japanese and held until the end of World War II. In subsequent years, Wake became a stopover and refueling site for military and commercial aircraft transiting the Pacific. Since 1974, the island's airstrip has been used by the US military, as well as for emergency landings. Operations on the island were temporarily suspended and all personnel evacuated in 2006 with the approach of super typhoon IOKE (category 5), but resultant damage was comparatively minor. A US Air Force repair team restored full capability to the airfield and facilities, and the island remains a vital strategic link in the Pacific region." + "text": "

Wake Island was probably visited by Micronesian and Polynesian settlers, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island was uninhabited when Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de NEYRA became the first European to see it in 1568 and still had no humans when English captain Samuel WAKE sailed by it in 1796. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island in 1841 and the US annexed it in 1899 to use as a cable and refueling station between its newly acquired Pacific territories of Hawaii and the Philippines and Guam. In the 1930s, Pan-American Airways built facilities on Wake Island so that it could be used as a stopover for flights from the US to China. In January 1941, the US began to install military assets on Wake Island and in early December of that year, Japan attacked Wake Island, capturing it by the end of the month after a heroic resistance. Japan held Wake Island until the end of World War II, and in 1946, commercial airlines once again used Wake Island as a refueling stop.

In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.

" } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index cf118ba8..26c349cc 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -473,7 +473,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the native village around which the capital was constructed in the 1850s; the village still exists within the larger modern capital" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the native village around which the capital was constructed in the 1850s; the village still exists within the larger modern capital" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano" @@ -515,23 +517,12 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (51 seats for 2021-2026 term); members from 51 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "election last held on 9 April 2021 (next election to be held in 2026)
note - head of state TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi II declared 9 April 2021 election void on 4 May 2021, new elections set for 21 May 2021; on 17 May 2021, the Supreme Court invalidated the head of state's order allowing the 9 April 2021 election results to stand" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independents 5%; seats by party – initial election results - FAST 25, HRPP 25, independents 1; composition - men 46, women 5, percent of women 9.8% 
note - on 2 June 2021, the Court of Appeals declared that a sixth seat for women is required to meet the minimum 10% representation for women, but that the seat would not be filled until after all election petitions and by-elections are settled" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi II (since 21 July 2017)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi (since 23 November 1998); Deputy Prime Minister FIAME Naomi Mata’afa (since 2016)" + "text": "Prime Minister FIAME Naomi Mata’afa (since 24 May 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the chief of state on the prime minister's advice" @@ -543,6 +534,17 @@ "text": "TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi unanimously elected by the Legislative Assembly on 5 July 2017" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (51 seats for 2021-2026 term); members from 51 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "election last held on 9 April 2021 (next election to be held in 2026)
note - head of state TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi II declared 9 April 2021 election void on 4 May 2021, new elections set for 21 May 2021; on 17 May 2021, the Supreme Court invalidated the head of state's order allowing the 9 April 2021 election results to stand" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independents 5%; seats by party – initial election results - FAST 25, HRPP 25, independents 1; composition - men 46, women 5, percent of women 9.8% 
note - on 2 June 2021, the Court of Appeals declared that a sixth seat for women is required to meet the minimum 10% representation for women, but that the seat would not be filled until after all election petitions and by-elections are settled" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 2 Supreme Court judges and meets once or twice a year); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several judges)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 8f5f511c..3372a024 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -385,12 +385,12 @@ "text": "the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase \"oro huba\" (there was gold), but in fact no gold was ever found on the island; another possibility is the native word \"oruba,\" which means \"well-situated\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Oranjestad" @@ -401,7 +401,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: translates as \"orange town\" in Dutch; the city is named after William I (1533-1584), Prince of Orange, the first ruler of the Netherlands" + "etymology": { + "text": "translates as \"orange town\" in Dutch; the city is named after William I (1533-1584), Prince of Orange, the first ruler of the Netherlands" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)", @@ -427,17 +429,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 25 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party MEP 35.3%, AVP 31.3%, ROOTS 9.4%, MAS 8%, Accion21 5.8%; seats by party - MEP 9, AVP 7, ROOTS 2, MAS 2, Accion21 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Alfonso BOEKHOUDT (since 1 January 2017)" @@ -455,6 +446,17 @@ "text": "Evelyn WEVER-CROES (MEP) elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 25 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party MEP 35.3%, AVP 31.3%, ROOTS 9.4%, MAS 8%, Accion21 5.8%; seats by party - MEP 9, AVP 7, ROOTS 2, MAS 2, Accion21 1" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court in The Hague, Netherlands" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 3d992fb0..b2d382fa 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -414,7 +414,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Saint John the Apostle" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Saint John the Apostle" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip" @@ -456,17 +458,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general)
House of Representatives (18 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last appointed on 26 March 2018 (next NA)
House of Representatives - last held on 21 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate -  composition - men 8, women 9, percent of women 52.9%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - ABLP 59.4%, UPP 37.2%, BPM 1.4%, other 1.9% ; seats by party - ABLP 15, UPP 1, BPM 1; composition - men 16, women 2, percent of women 11.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Rodney WILLIAMS (since 14 August 2014)" @@ -481,6 +472,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general)
House of Representatives (18 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last appointed on 26 March 2018 (next NA)
House of Representatives - last held on 21 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate -  composition - men 8, women 9, percent of women 52.9%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - ABLP 59.4%, UPP 37.2%, BPM 1.4%, other 1.9% ; seats by party - ABLP 15, UPP 1, BPM 1; composition - men 16, women 2, percent of women 11.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Antigua and Barbuda" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 5e516fcf..e0e3937d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -310,12 +310,12 @@ "text": "the name Anguilla means \"eel\" in various Romance languages (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French) and likely derives from the island's lengthy shape" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "The Valley" @@ -326,7 +326,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the capital's location between several hills" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the capital's location between several hills" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" @@ -354,17 +356,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats; 7 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 2 appointed by the governor, and 2 ex officio members - the attorney general and deputy governor; members serve five-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 29 June 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APM 7, AUF 4; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Dileeni DANIEL-SELVARATNAM
(since 18 January 2021)" @@ -379,6 +370,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats; 7 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 2 appointed by the governor, and 2 ex officio members - the attorney general and deputy governor; members serve five-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 29 June 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APM 7, AUF 4; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, though none on Anguilla" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 6b1ba12c..73bb76ca 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -432,7 +432,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after a bridge constructed over the swampy area (known as the Careenage) around the Constitution River that flows through the center of Bridgetown" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after a bridge constructed over the swampy area (known as the Careenage) around the Constitution River that flows through the center of Bridgetown" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas" @@ -474,18 +476,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at the discretion of the governor general)
House of Assembly (30 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 5 June 2018 (next appointments NA)
House of Assembly - last held on 24 May 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 16, women 5, percent of women 23.8%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 74.6%, DLP 22.6%, other 2.8%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition - men 24, women 6, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament percent of women 21.6%" - }, - "note": "note: tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sandra MASON (since 8 January 2018)" @@ -500,6 +490,18 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at the discretion of the governor general)
House of Assembly (30 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 5 June 2018 (next appointments NA)
House of Assembly - last held on 24 May 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 16, women 5, percent of women 23.8%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 74.6%, DLP 22.6%, other 2.8%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition - men 24, women 6, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament percent of women 21.6%" + }, + "note": "note: tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the High Court with 8 justices) and the Court of Appeal (consists of the High Court chief justice and president of the court and 4 justices; note - in 2005, Barbados acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index db7e543c..38afedec 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -394,7 +394,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, - "note": "etymology: named after William III (1650-1702), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, who was a member of the House of Nassau" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after William III (1650-1702), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, who was a member of the House of Nassau" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama" @@ -436,32 +438,31 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 24 May 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 10 May 2017 (next to be held by May 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 9, women 7, percent of women 43.8%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - FNM 57%, PLP 36.9%, other 6.1%; seats by party - FNM 35, PLP 4; composition - men 34, women 5, percent of women 12.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 21.8%" - }, - "note": "note: the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cornelius A. SMITH (since 28 June 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS (since 11 May 2017)" + "text": "Prime Minister Philip DAVIS (since 17 September 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, - "note": "note: Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS is only the fourth prime minister in Bahamian history following its independence from the UK; he is also the first prime minister in 25 years besides Perry CHRISTIE and Hubert INGRAHAM, who repeatedly traded the premiership from 1992 to 2017" + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 24 May 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 9, women 7, percent of women 43.8%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition " + }, + "note": "note: the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 6ad3bfef..5aa8364e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -454,7 +454,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the decision to move the capital of the country inland to higher and more stable land was made in the 1960s; the name chosen for the new city was formed from the union of two words: \"Belize,\" the name of the longest river in the country, and \"Mopan,\" one of the rivers in the area of the new capital that empties into the Belize River" + "etymology": { + "text": "the decision to move the capital of the country inland to higher and more stable land was made in the 1960s; the name chosen for the new city was formed from the union of two words: \"Belize,\" the name of the longest river in the country, and \"Mopan,\" one of the rivers in the area of the new capital that empties into the Belize River" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo" @@ -496,18 +498,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (14 seats, including the president); members appointed by the governor general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, non-governmental organizations in good standing, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; Senate president elected from among the Senate members or from outside the Senate; members serve 5-year terms
House of Representatives (31 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate -  last appointed 11 November 2020 (next appointments in November 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 11 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - all members appointed; composition - men 9, women 5, percent of women 35.7%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PUP 59.6%, UDP 38.8%, other 1.6%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 5; composition -  men 27, women 4, percent of women 12.9%; note - total percent of women in the National Assembly 20%" - }, - "note": " " - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Froyla TZALAM (since 27 May 2021)" @@ -522,6 +512,18 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (14 seats, including the president); members appointed by the governor general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, non-governmental organizations in good standing, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; Senate president elected from among the Senate members or from outside the Senate; members serve 5-year terms
House of Representatives (31 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate -  last appointed 11 November 2020 (next appointments in November 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 11 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - all members appointed; composition - men 9, women 5, percent of women 35.7%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PUP 59.6%, UDP 38.8%, other 1.6%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 5; composition -  men 27, women 4, percent of women 12.9%; note - total percent of women in the National Assembly 20%" + }, + "note": " " + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with the court president and 3 justices, and the Supreme Court with the chief justice and 10 justices); note - in 2010, Belize acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 6a0d1158..69002977 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -362,12 +362,12 @@ "text": "the islands' name comes from the native Carib word \"caiman,\" describing the marine crocodiles living there" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "George Town (on Grand Cayman)" @@ -378,7 +378,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after English King George III (1738-1820)" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after English King George III (1738-1820)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 districts; Bodden Town, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, East End, George Town, North Side, West Bay" @@ -406,17 +408,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (21 seats; 19 members directly elected by majority vote and 2 ex officio members - the deputy governor and attorney general - appointed by the governor; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 14 April 2021 (next to be held on 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - independent 79.1%, PPM 19.6%; seats by party - independent 12, PPM 7" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Martyn ROPER (since 29 October 2018)" @@ -431,6 +422,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition appointed premier by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (21 seats; 19 members directly elected by majority vote and 2 ex officio members - the deputy governor and attorney general - appointed by the governor; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 14 April 2021 (next to be held on 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - independent 79.1%, PPM 19.6%; seats by party - independent 12, PPM 7" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); Grand Court (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index 305313af..ba63c28d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -502,7 +502,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named in honor of Saint Joseph" + "etymology": { + "text": "named in honor of Saint Joseph" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose" @@ -544,17 +546,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - corresponding to the country's 7 provinces - by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 4 February 2018 (next to be held on 6 February 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PLN 19.5%, PRN 18.2%, PAC 16.3%, PUSC 14.6%, PIN 7.7%, PRS 4.2%, PFA 4%, ADC 2.5%, ML 2.3%, PASE 2.3%, PNG 2.2%, other 6.2%; seats by party - PLN 17, PRN 14, PAC 10, PUSC 9, PIN 4, PRS 2, PFA 1; composition - men 31, women 26, percent of women 45.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (since 8 May 2018); First Vice President Epsy CAMPBELL Barr (since 8 May 2018); Second Vice President Marvin RODRIGUEZ Cordero (since 8 May 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -572,6 +563,17 @@ "text": "
2018: Carlos ALVARADO Quesada elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PRN) 25%; Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (PAC) 21.6%; Antonio ALVAREZ (PLN) 18.6%; Rodolfo PIZA (PUSC) 16%; Juan Diego CASTRO (PIN) 9.5%; Rodolfo HERNANDEZ (PRS) 4.9%, other 4.4%; percent of vote in second round - Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (PAC) 60.7%; Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PRN) 39.3%

2014: Luis Guillermo SOLIS Rivera elected president; percent of vote - Luis Guillermo SOLIS Rivera (PAC) 77.8%; Johnny ARAYA (PLN) 22.2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - corresponding to the country's 7 provinces - by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 4 February 2018 (next to be held on 6 February 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PLN 19.5%, PRN 18.2%, PAC 16.3%, PUSC 14.6%, PIN 7.7%, PRS 4.2%, PFA 4%, ADC 2.5%, ML 2.3%, PASE 2.3%, PNG 2.2%, other 6.2%; seats by party - PLN 17, PRN 14, PAC 10, PUSC 9, PIN 4, PRS 2, PFA 1; composition - men 31, women 26, percent of women 45.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 22 judges organized into 3 cassation chambers each with 5 judges and the Constitutional Chamber with 7 judges)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 035ad55d..4bfa02a8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -496,7 +496,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting" }, - "note": "etymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX" + "etymology": { + "text": "the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara" @@ -538,17 +540,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "16 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduces the number of members from 605 to 474, effective with the 2023 general election" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in early 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition (as of June 2021) - men 273, women 313, percent of women 53.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 10 October 2019); Vice President Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (since 10 October 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -567,6 +558,17 @@ }, "note": "note - on 19 April 2018, DIAZ-CANEL succeeded Raul CASTRO as president of the Council of State; on 10 October 2019 he was elected to the newly created position of President of the Republic, which replaced the position of President of the Council of State" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduces the number of members from 605 to 474, effective with the 2023 general election" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in early 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition (as of June 2021) - men 273, women 313, percent of women 53.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 6ed50352..7a0d29e1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -365,7 +365,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name is French for \"reed\"; the first settlement was named after the river reeds that grew in the area" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is French for \"reed\"; the first settlement was named after the river reeds that grew in the area" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter" @@ -407,17 +409,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (32 seats; 21 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 9 senators appointed by the president - 5 on the advice of the prime minister, and 4 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party, plus 2 ex-officio members - the house speaker and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 December 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but technically it is 5 years from the first seating of parliament plus a 90-day grace period" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - DLP 59.0%, UWP 41.0%; seats by party - DLP 18, UWP 3" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Charles A. SAVARIN (since 2 October 2013)" @@ -435,6 +426,17 @@ "text": "Charles A. SAVARIN (DLP) reelected president unopposed" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (32 seats; 21 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 9 senators appointed by the president - 5 on the advice of the prime minister, and 4 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party, plus 2 ex-officio members - the house speaker and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 December 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but technically it is 5 years from the first seating of parliament plus a 90-day grace period" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - DLP 59.0%, UWP 41.0%; seats by party - DLP 18, UWP 3" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Dominica; note - in 2015, Dominica acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 2640398c..59d27ac9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -507,7 +507,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Saint Dominic de Guzman (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Saint Dominic de Guzman (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 regions (regiones, singular - region); Cibao Nordeste, Cibao Noroeste, Cibao Norte, Cibao Sur, El Valle, Enriquillo, Higuamo, Ozama, Valdesia, Yuma" @@ -549,17 +551,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police by law cannot vote" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in26 constituencies to direct simple majority but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)
House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 17, PLD 6, PRSC 6, BIS 1, DXC 1, FP 1
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 86, PLD 75,  PRSC 6, PRD 4, Broad Front 3, FP 3, AP 2, APD 2, BIS 2, DXC 2, other 5" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -577,6 +568,17 @@ "text": "
2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNANDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9% other 1.1%

2016: Danilo MEDINA Sanchez reelected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (PLD) 61.7%, Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 35%, other 3.3%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (PLD) reelected vice president" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in26 constituencies to direct simple majority but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)
House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 17, PLD 6, PRSC 6, BIS 1, DXC 1, FP 1
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 86, PLD 75,  PRSC 6, PRD 4, Broad Front 3, FP 3, AP 2, APD 2, BIS 2, DXC 2, other 5" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges); note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index cf3fd378..b4d486bc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -499,7 +499,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Spanish for \"Holy Savior\" (referring to Jesus Christ)" + "etymology": { + "text": "Spanish for \"Holy Savior\" (referring to Jesus Christ)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulutan" @@ -541,17 +543,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies and a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 28 February 2021 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NI 66.46%, ARENA 12.18%, FMLN 6.91%, GANA 5.29%, PCN 4.08%, NT 1.7%, PDC 1.7%, V 1.01%; seats by party - NI 56, ARENA 14, GANA 5, FMLN 4, PCN 2, PDC 1, NT 1, V 1; composition - men 61, women 23, percent of women 27.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019); Vice President Felix Augusto Antonio ULLOA Garay (since 1 June 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -569,6 +560,17 @@ "text": "
2019: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez elected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (GANA) 53.1%, Carlos CALLEJA Hakker (ARENA) 31.72%, Hugo MARTINEZ (FMLN) 14.41%, other 0.77%

2014: Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (FMLN) 48.9%, Norman QUIJANO (ARENA) 39%, Antonio SACA (CN) 11.4%, other 0.7%; percent of vote in second round - Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN 50.1%, Norman QUIJANO 49.9%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies and a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 28 February 2021 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NI 66.46%, ARENA 12.18%, FMLN 6.91%, GANA 5.29%, PCN 4.08%, NT 1.7%, PDC 1.7%, V 1.01%; seats by party - NI 56, ARENA 14, GANA 5, FMLN 4, PCN 2, PDC 1, NT 1, V 1; composition - men 61, women 23, percent of women 27.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 16 judges and 16 substitutes judges organized into Constitutional, Civil, Penal, and Administrative Conflict Chambers)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 26b6f483..14f3b50a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -409,7 +409,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the 1763 Treaty of Paris transferred possession of Grenada from France to Great Britain; the new administration renamed Ville de Fort Royal (Fort Royal Town) to Saint George's Town, after the patron saint of England; eventually the name became simply Saint George's" + "etymology": { + "text": "the 1763 Treaty of Paris transferred possession of Grenada from France to Great Britain; the new administration renamed Ville de Fort Royal (Fort Royal Town) to Saint George's Town, after the patron saint of England; eventually the name became simply Saint George's" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick" @@ -451,17 +453,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (13 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 10 on the advice of the prime minister and 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives (15 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last appointments on 27 April 2018 (next no later than2023)
House of Representatives - last held on 13 March 2018 (next no later than 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 11, women 2 percent of women 15.4%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NNP 58.9%, NDC 40.5%; other 0.6% seats by party - NNP 15; composition - men 8, women 7, percent of women 46.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)" @@ -476,6 +467,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (13 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 10 on the advice of the prime minister and 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives (15 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last appointments on 27 April 2018 (next no later than2023)
House of Representatives - last held on 13 March 2018 (next no later than 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 11, women 2 percent of women 15.4%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NNP 58.9%, NDC 40.5%; other 0.6% seats by party - NNP 15; composition - men 8, women 7, percent of women 46.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32.1%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Grenada; appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 89e7545b..6581d0c7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -499,7 +499,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa" @@ -541,17 +543,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police by law cannot vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (160 seats; 128 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies in the country's 22 departments and 32 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote, using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 16 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNE 53, VAMOS 16, UCN 12, VALOR 9, BIEN 8, FCN-NACION 8, SEMILLA 7, TODOS 7, VIVA 7, CREO 6, PHG 6, VICTORIA 4, Winaq 4, PC 3, PU 3, URNG 3, PAN 2, MLP 1, PODEMOS 1; composition - men 129, women 31, percent of women 19.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (since 14 January 2020); Vice President Cesar Guillermo CASTILLO Reyes (since 14 January 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -566,7 +557,18 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (not eligible for consecutive terms); election last held on 16 June 2019 with a runoff on 11 August 2019 (next to be held in June 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2019: Alejandro GIAMMATTEI elected president; percent of vote in first round - Sandra TORRES (UNE) 25.54%, Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 13.95%, Edmond MULET (PHG) 11.21%, Thelma CABRERA (MLP) 10.37%, Roberto ARZU (PAN-PODEMOS) 6.08%; percent of vote in second round - Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 58%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 42%

2015: Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera (FNC) 23.9%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 19.8%, Manuel BALDIZON (LIDER) 19.6%, other 36.7%; percent of vote in second round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera 67.4%, Sandra TORRES 32.6%" + "text": "
2019: Alejandro GIAMMATTEI elected president; percent of vote in first round - Sandra TORRES (UNE) 25.54%, Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 13.95%, Edmond MULET (PHG) 11.21%, Thelma CABRERA (MLP) 10.37%, Roberto ARZU (PAN-PODEMOS) 6.08%; percent of vote in second round - Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 58%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 42%

2015: Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera (FNC) 23.9%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 19.8%, Manuel BALDIZON (LIDER) 19.6%, other 36.7%; percent of vote in second round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera 67.4%, Sandra TORRES 32.6%" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (160 seats; 128 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies in the country's 22 departments and 32 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote, using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 16 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNE 53, VAMOS 16, UCN 12, VALOR 9, BIEN 8, FCN-NACION 8, SEMILLA 7, TODOS 7, VIVA 7, CREO 6, PHG 6, VICTORIA 4, Winaq 4, PC 3, PU 3, URNG 3, PAN 2, MLP 1, PODEMOS 1; composition - men 129, women 31, percent of women 19.4%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index a5d5db3d..294a6818 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -487,7 +487,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, - "note": "etymology: according to tradition, in 1706, a Captain de Saint-Andre named the bay and its surrounding area after his ship Le Prince; the name of the town that grew there means, \"the Port of The Prince\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "according to tradition, in 1706, a Captain de Saint-Andre named the bay and its surrounding area after his ship Le Prince; the name of the town that grew there means, \"the Port of The Prince\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est" @@ -529,17 +531,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral legislature or le Corps l'egislatif ou le Parlement consists of:
le S'enat or Senate (30 seats; 10 filled as of July 2021; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms (2-term limit) with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
la Chambre de deput'es or Chamber of Deputies (119 seats; 116 filled as of June 2019; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms; no term limits); note - when the 2 chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assembl'ee nationale or the National Assembly and is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 20 November 2016 with runoff on 29 January 2017 (next originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, but postponed to 26 September 2021)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 August 2015 with runoff on 25 October 2015 and 20 November 2016 (next originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, but postponed to 26 September 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 27, women 1, percent of women 3.6%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 115, women 3, percent of women 2.5%; note - total legislature percent of women 2.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Acting President Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY has assumed the responsibilities of president following the assassination of President Jovenel MOISE on 7 July 2021; an election is expected to be held on 7 November 2021; MOISE had been president since 7 February 2017" @@ -557,6 +548,17 @@ "text": "
2016: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral legislature or le Corps l'egislatif ou le Parlement consists of:
le S'enat or Senate (30 seats; 10 filled as of July 2021; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms (2-term limit) with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
la Chambre de deput'es or Chamber of Deputies (119 seats; 116 filled as of June 2019; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms; no term limits); note - when the 2 chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assembl'ee nationale or the National Assembly and is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 20 November 2016 with runoff on 29 January 2017 (next originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, but postponed to 26 September 2021)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 August 2015 with runoff on 25 October 2015 and 20 November 2016 (next originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, but postponed to 26 September 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 27, women 1, percent of women 3.6%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 115, women 3, percent of women 2.5%; note - total legislature percent of women 2.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (consists of a chief judge and other judges); note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 8743740c..0f03d62d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -503,7 +503,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: while most sources agree that Tegucigalpa is of Nahuatl derivation, there is no consensus on its original meaning" + "etymology": { + "text": "while most sources agree that Tegucigalpa is of Nahuatl derivation, there is no consensus on its original meaning" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro" @@ -545,17 +547,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 27 November 2017 (next to be held on 27 November 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PNH 47.7%, LIBRE 23.4%, PL 20.3%, AP 3.1%, PINU 3.1%, DC 0.8%, PAC 0.8%, UD 0.8%; seats by party - PNH 61, LIBRE 30, PL 26, AP 4, PINU 4, DC 1, PAC 1, UD 1; composition - men 101, women 27, percent of women 21.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (since 27 January 2014); Vice Presidents Ricardo ALVAREZ, Maria RIVERA, and Olga ALVARADO (since 26 January 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -570,7 +561,18 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term; election last held on 26 November 2017 (next to be held in November 2021); note - in 2015, the Constitutional Chamber of the Honduran Supreme Court struck down the constitutional provisions on presidential term limits" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2017: Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 43%, Salvador NASRALLA (Alianza de Oposicion conta la Dictadura) 41.4%, Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano (PL) 14.7%, other .9%

2013: Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado elected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 36.9%, Xiomara CASTRO (LIBRE) 28.8%, Mauricio VILLEDA (PL) 20.3%, Salvador NASRALLA (PAC) 13.4%, other 0.6%" + "text": "
2017: Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 43%, Salvador NASRALLA (Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura) 41.4%, Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano (PL) 14.7%, other 0.9%

2013: Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado elected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 36.9%, Xiomara CASTRO (LIBRE) 28.8%, Mauricio VILLEDA (PL) 20.3%, Salvador NASRALLA (PAC) 13.4%, other 0.6%" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 27 November 2017 (next to be held on 27 November 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PNH 47.7%, LIBRE 23.4%, PL 20.3%, AP 3.1%, PINU 3.1%, DC 0.8%, PAC 0.8%, UD 0.8%; seats by party - PNH 61, LIBRE 30, PL 26, AP 4, PINU 4, DC 1, PAC 1, UD 1; composition - men 101, women 27, percent of women 21.1%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -585,7 +587,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance against the Dictatorship or Alianza de Oposicion conta la Dictadura [Salvador NASRALLA] (electoral coalition)
Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Marlene ALVARENGA]
Christian Democratic Party or DC [Lucas AGUILERA]
Democratic Unification Party or UD [Alfonso DIAZ]
Freedom and Refoundation Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]
Honduran Patriotic Alliance or AP [Romeo VASQUEZ Velasquez]
Liberal Party or PL [Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano]
National Party of Honduras or PNH [Reinaldo SANCHEZ Rivera]
Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Guillermo VALLE]" + "text": "Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Marlene ALVARENGA]
Christian Democratic Party or DC [Lucas AGUILERA]
Democratic Unification Party or UD [Alfonso DIAZ]
Freedom and Refoundation Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]
Honduran Patriotic Alliance or AP [Romeo VASQUEZ Velasquez]
Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Guillermo VALLE]
Liberal Party or PL [Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano]
National Party of Honduras or PNH [Reinaldo SANCHEZ Rivera]
Opposition Alliance against the Dictatorship or Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura [Salvador NASRALLA] (electoral coalition)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO (suspended), WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index aaa7fac4..af5f20ca 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -461,7 +461,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name is a blending of the words \"king's\" and \"town\"; the English king at the time of the city's founding in 1692 was William III (r. 1689-1702)" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is a blending of the words \"king's\" and \"town\"; the English king at the time of the city's founding in 1692 was William III (r. 1689-1702)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland", @@ -504,17 +506,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (21 seats; 13 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and 8 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the opposition party leader; members serve 5-year terms (no term limits) or until Parliament is dissolved)
House of Representatives (63 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms (no term limits) or until Parliament is dissolved)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last full slate of appointments on 10 March 2016 (next full slate early on 3 September 2020, following dissolution in mid-August)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 September 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition (as of June 2021) - men 13, women 8, percent of women 38.1%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - JLP 57%, PNP 42.8%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - JLP 48, PNP 15; composition (as of June 2021) - men 45, women 18; percent of women 28.6%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Patrick L. ALLEN (since 26 February 2009)" @@ -529,6 +520,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (21 seats; 13 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and 8 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the opposition party leader; members serve 5-year terms (no term limits) or until Parliament is dissolved)
House of Representatives (63 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms (no term limits) or until Parliament is dissolved)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last full slate of appointments on 10 March 2016 (next full slate early on 3 September 2020, following dissolution in mid-August)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 September 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition (as of June 2021) - men 13, women 8, percent of women 38.1%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - JLP 57%, PNP 42.8%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - JLP 48, PNP 15; composition (as of June 2021) - men 45, women 18; percent of women 28.6%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of president of the court and a minimum of 4 judges); Supreme Court (40 judges organized in specialized divisions); note - appeals beyond Jamaica's highest courts are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) rather than to the Caribbean Court of Justice (the appellate court for member states of the Caribbean Community)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 70e80677..ec1ceb8a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -307,12 +307,12 @@ "text": "island named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 after the Benedictine abbey Santa Maria de Montserrat, near Barcelona, Spain" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Plymouth; note - Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 because of volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, the de facto capital, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat" @@ -323,7 +323,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology and note: now entirely deserted because of volcanic activity, the city was originally named after Plymouth, England; de jure, Plymouth remains the capital city of Montserrat; it is therefore the only ghost town that serves as the capital of a political entity" + "etymology": { + "text": "now entirely deserted because of volcanic activity, the city was originally named after Plymouth, England; de jure, Plymouth remains the capital city of Montserrat; it is therefore the only ghost town that serves as the capital of a political entity" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter" @@ -351,17 +353,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly (11 seats; 9 members directly elected in a single constituency by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds to serve 5-year terms and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and financial secretary)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 18 November 2019 (next scheduled for 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - MCAP 42.7%, PDM 29.9%, other 17.1%; seats by party - MCAP 5, PDM 3, independent 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Andrew PEARCE (since 1 February 2018)" @@ -376,6 +367,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes premier" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly (11 seats; 9 members directly elected in a single constituency by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds to serve 5-year terms and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and financial secretary)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 18 November 2019 (next scheduled for 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - MCAP 42.7%, PDM 29.9%, other 17.1%; seats by party - MCAP 5, PDM 3, independent 1" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 1 assigned to Montserrat; Montserrat is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index 30f838e7..16fd39d4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -268,12 +268,12 @@ "text": "explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island after Saint MARTIN of Tours because the 11 November 1493 day of discovery was the saint's feast day" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "

constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

" - }, "Government type": { "text": "

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "

constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Philipsburg" @@ -284,7 +284,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: founded and named in 1763 by John PHILIPS, a Scottish captain in the Dutch navy" + "etymology": { + "text": "founded and named in 1763 by John PHILIPS, a Scottish captain in the Dutch navy" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

", @@ -313,17 +315,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "

18 years of age; universal

" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament of Sint Maarten (15 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held 9 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA 35.2%, UP 24.2%, US Party 13.2%, PFP 10.6%, UD 8.7%, other 8.1%; seats by party - NA 6, UP 4, PFP 2, US Party 2, UD 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Eugene HOLIDAY (since 10 October 2010)" @@ -339,6 +330,17 @@ }, "note": "note - on 16 January 2020, Governor Eugene HOLIDAY appoints Silveria JACOBS as formateur of a new government" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament of Sint Maarten (15 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held 9 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA 35.2%, UP 24.2%, US Party 13.2%, PFP 10.6%, UD 8.7%, other 8.1%; seats by party - NA 6, UP 4, PFP 2, US Party 2, UD 1" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (consists of the presiding judge, other members, and their substitutes); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court (in The Hague, Netherlands); note - prior to 2010, the Joint Court of Justice was the Common Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index b6c4da81..8e12a838 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -488,7 +488,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: may derive from the indigenous Nahuatl term \"mana-ahuac,\" which translates as \"adjacent to the water\" or a site \"surrounded by water\"; the city is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua" + "etymology": { + "text": "may derive from the indigenous Nahuatl term \"mana-ahuac,\" which translates as \"adjacent to the water\" or a site \"surrounded by water\"; the city is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonoma); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Costa Caribe Norte*, Costa Caribe Sur*, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas" @@ -530,17 +532,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "16 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; 70 members in multi-seat constituencies, representing the country's 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions, and 20 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; 2 seats reserved for the previous president and the runner-up candidate in the previous presidential election; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 November 2016 (next to be held on 7 November 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 71, PLC 14, ALN 2, PLI 2, APRE 1, PC 1, YATAMA 1; composition - men 50, women 42, percent of women 45.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -558,6 +549,17 @@ "text": "
2016: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 72.4%, Maximino RODRIGUEZ (PLC) 15%, Jose del Carmen ALVARADO (PLI) 4.5%, Saturnino CERRATO Hodgson (ALN) 4.3%, other 3.7%

2011: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 62.5%, Fabio GADEA Mantilla (PLI) 31%, Arnoldo ALEMAN (PLC) 5.9%, other 0.6%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; 70 members in multi-seat constituencies, representing the country's 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions, and 20 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; 2 seats reserved for the previous president and the runner-up candidate in the previous presidential election; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 November 2016 (next to be held on 7 November 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 71, PLC 14, ALN 2, PLI 2, APRE 1, PC 1, YATAMA 1; composition - men 50, women 42, percent of women 45.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 16 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and constitutional chambers)" @@ -594,7 +596,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Kevin K. SULLIVAN (since 18 December 2018)" + "text": "Ambassador Kevin K. SULLIVAN (since 14 November 2018)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur, Managua" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 5ee38702..1e0bbf27 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -497,7 +497,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: according to tradition, the name derives from a former fishing area near the present capital - an indigenous village and its adjacent beach - that were called \"Panama\" meaning \"an abundance of fish\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "according to tradition, the name derives from a former fishing area near the present capital - an indigenous village and its adjacent beach - that were called \"Panama\" meaning \"an abundance of fish\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 4 indigenous regions* (comarcas); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Guna Yala*, Herrera, Los Santos, Naso Tjer Di*, Ngobe-Bugle*, Panama, Panama Oeste, Veraguas" @@ -539,17 +541,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (71 seats; 45 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - populous towns and cities - by open list proportional representation vote and 26 directly elected in single-seat constituencies - outlying rural districts - by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRD 35, CD 18, Panamenista 8, MOLIRENA 5, independent 5; composition - men 55, women 16, percent of women 22.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Laurentino \"Nito\" CORTIZO Cohen (since 1 July 2019); Vice President Jose Gabriel CARRIZO Jaen (since 1 July 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -567,6 +558,17 @@ "text": "
2019: Laurentino \"Nito\" CORTIZO Cohen elected president; percent of vote - Laurentino CORTIZO Cohen (PRD) 33.3%, Romulo ROUX (CD) 31%, Ricardo LOMBANA (independent) 18.8%, Jose BLANDON (Panamenista Party) 10.8%, Ana Matilde GOMEZ Ruiloba (independent) 4.8%, other 1.3%

2014: Juan Carlos VARELA elected president; percent of vote - Juan Carlos VARELA (PP) 39.1%, Jose Domingo ARIAS (CD) 31.4%, Juan Carlos NAVARRO (PRD) 28.2%, other 1.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (71 seats; 45 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - populous towns and cities - by open list proportional representation vote and 26 directly elected in single-seat constituencies - outlying rural districts - by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 5 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRD 35, CD 18, Panamenista 8, MOLIRENA 5, independent 5; composition - men 55, women 16, percent of women 22.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 magistrates and 9 alternates and divided into civil, criminal, administrative, and general business chambers)" @@ -1132,8 +1134,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security: the Panama National Police (La Policía Nacional de Panamá, PNP), National Air-Naval Service (Servicio Nacional Aeronaval, SENAN), National Border Service (Servicio Nacional de Fronteras, SENAFRONT) (2021)", - "note": "note: on 10 February 1990, the government of then President Guillermo ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's National Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of \"external aggression\"" + "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security: the Panama National Police (La Policía Nacional de Panamá, PNP), National Air-Naval Service (Servicio Nacional Aeronaval, SENAN), National Border Service (Servicio Nacional de Fronteras, SENAFRONT) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2017": { @@ -1157,6 +1158,9 @@ }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "Panama's security forces are lightly armed; Canada, Italy and the US have provided equipment to the security forces since 2010 (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "on 10 February 1990, the government of then President Guillermo ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's National Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of \"external aggression\"" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index bcb1aeca..471515f1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -213,13 +213,13 @@ "text": "explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island after Saint MARTIN of Tours because the 11 November 1493 day of discovery was the saint's feast day" } }, + "Government type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France" + }, "Dependency status": { "text": "overseas collectivity of France", "note": "note: the only French overseas collectivity that is part of the EU" }, - "Government type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France" - }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Marigot" @@ -230,7 +230,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: marigot is a French term referring to a body of water, a watercourse, a side-stream, or a tributary rivulet; the name likely refers to a stream at the site of the city's original founding" + "etymology": { + "text": "marigot is a French term referring to a body of water, a watercourse, a side-stream, or a tributary rivulet; the name likely refers to a stream at the site of the city's original founding" + } }, "Independence": { "text": "none (overseas collectivity of France)" @@ -255,18 +257,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); Saint Martin elects 1 member to the French Senate and one member (shared with Saint Barthelemy) to the French National Assembly" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Territorial Council - last held on 18 and 25 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party (first round) - TDG 49.1%, MJP 13.7%, MVP 12.3%, HOPE 8.7%, Continuons pour Saint-Martin 6.5%, other 9.7%; seats by party - NA; percent of vote by party (second round) - TDG 64.3%, MJP 24.2%, MVP 11.5.5%; seats by party - TDG 18, MJP 4, MVP 1; composition - men 13, women 10, percent of women 43.5%" - }, - "note": "French Senate - held on 28 September 2014 (next to be held not later than September 2020) French National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022) French Senate - 1 seat: UMP 1 French National Assembly - 1 seat: UMP 1" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Serge GOUTEYRON (since 16 December 2020)" @@ -284,6 +274,18 @@ "text": "Daniel GIBBS (TDG) elected president; Territorial Council vote - 18 votes, 4 blank, 1 invalid" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); Saint Martin elects 1 member to the French Senate and one member (shared with Saint Barthelemy) to the French National Assembly" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Territorial Council - last held on 18 and 25 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party (first round) - TDG 49.1%, MJP 13.7%, MVP 12.3%, HOPE 8.7%, Continuons pour Saint-Martin 6.5%, other 9.7%; seats by party - NA; percent of vote by party (second round) - TDG 64.3%, MJP 24.2%, MVP 11.5.5%; seats by party - TDG 18, MJP 4, MVP 1; composition - men 13, women 10, percent of women 43.5%" + }, + "note": "French Senate - held on 28 September 2014 (next to be held not later than September 2020) French National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022) French Senate - 1 seat: UMP 1 French National Assembly - 1 seat: UMP 1" + }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "Continuons pour St. Martin [Aline HANSON]
En marche vers le progres or MVP [Alain RICHARDSON]
Gereration Hope or HOPE [Jules CHARVILLE]
Movement for Justice and Prosperity or MJP [Louis MUSSINGTON]
New Direction [Jeanne VANTERPOOL]
Rally Responsibility Success (Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON]
Team Daniel Gibbs 2017 or TDG [Daniel GIBBS]
Union for Progress (Union Pour le Progres or UPP) [Louis-Constant FLEMING]; affiliated with UMP" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 8f8b35aa..78221c20 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -397,13 +397,13 @@ "text": "Christopher COLUMBUS named the island San Juan Bautista (Saint John the Baptist) and the capital city and main port Cuidad de Puerto Rico (Rich Port City); over time, however, the names were shortened and transposed and the island came to be called Puerto Rico and its capital San Juan" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US; policy relations between Puerto Rico and the US conducted under the jurisdiction of the Office of the President" - }, "Government type": { "text": "republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government", "note": "Note: reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US; policy relations between Puerto Rico and the US conducted under the jurisdiction of the Office of the President" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "San Juan" @@ -414,7 +414,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name dates to 1521 and the founding of the city under the name \"Ciudad de San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico\" (City of Saint John the Baptist of Puerto Rico)" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name dates to 1521 and the founding of the city under the name \"Ciudad de San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico\" (City of Saint John the Baptist of Puerto Rico)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco" @@ -442,17 +444,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa consists of:
Senate or Senado (30 seats; 16 members directly elected in 8 2-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 14 at-large members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (51 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP 21, PPD 7, PIP 1, Independent 1; composition - men 23, women 7, percent of women 23.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP 34, PPD 16, PIP 1; composition - men 11, women 4, percent of women 26.7%; total Legislative Assembly percent of women 16%
note: Puerto Rico directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 4-year term as a commissioner to the US House of Representatives; the commissioner can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House but not when legislation is submitted for a 'full floor' House vote; election of commissioner last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2022)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)" @@ -471,6 +462,17 @@ }, "note": "note: on 24 July 2019, Governor Ricardo ROSSELLO announced his resignation effective 2 August 2019; as Secretary of State, Pedro PIERLUISI succeeded Governor Ricardo ROSSELLO; on 7 August 2019 the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico ruled Pedro PIERLUISI accession was unconstitutional and Wanda VAZQUEZ is sworn in as governor" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa consists of:
Senate or Senado (30 seats; 16 members directly elected in 8 2-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 14 at-large members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (51 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP 21, PPD 7, PIP 1, Independent 1; composition - men 23, women 7, percent of women 23.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP 34, PPD 16, PIP 1; composition - men 11, women 4, percent of women 26.7%; total Legislative Assembly percent of women 16%
note: Puerto Rico directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 4-year term as a commissioner to the US House of Representatives; the commissioner can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House but not when legislation is submitted for a 'full floor' House vote; election of commissioner last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2022)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 8 associate justices)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index e5bffef7..e90bb6c8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -412,7 +412,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the French name translates as \"low land\" in English; the reference is to the city's low-lying location within a valley, as well as to the fact that the city is on the leeward (downwind) part of the island, and is thus a safe anchorage" + "etymology": { + "text": "the French name translates as \"low land\" in English; the reference is to the city's low-lying location within a valley, as well as to the fact that the city is on the leeward (downwind) part of the island, and is thus a safe anchorage" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 parishes; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capesterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capesterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point" @@ -454,17 +456,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (14 or 15 seats, depending on inclusion of attorney general; 11 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 3 appointed by the governor general - 2 on the advice of the prime minister and the third on the advice of the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 June 2020 (next to be held on 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Team Unity (PAM, CCM,PLP) 56.4%, SKNLP 34.5%, NRP 9%; seats by party - PAM 4, SKNLP 2, CCM 3, PLP 2" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Samuel W.T. SEATON (since 2 September 2015); note - SEATON was acting Governor General from 20 May to 2 September 2015" @@ -479,6 +470,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (14 or 15 seats, depending on inclusion of attorney general; 11 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 3 appointed by the governor general - 2 on the advice of the prime minister and the third on the advice of the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 5 June 2020 (next to be held on 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Team Unity (PAM, CCM,PLP) 56.4%, SKNLP 34.5%, NRP 9%; seats by party - PAM 4, SKNLP 2, CCM 3, PLP 2" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Kitts and Nevis; note - the ECSC in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 495b6893..7ffe25c3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -443,7 +443,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: in 1785, the village of Carenage was renamed Castries, after Charles Eugene Gabriel de La Croix de Castries (1727-1801), who was then the French Minister of the Navy and Colonies" + "etymology": { + "text": "in 1785, the village of Carenage was renamed Castries, after Charles Eugene Gabriel de La Croix de Castries (1727-1801), who was then the French Minister of the Navy and Colonies" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort" @@ -485,17 +487,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (11 seats; 6 members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 upon consultation with religious, economic, and social groups; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (17 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last appointments on 12 July 2016 (next in 2021)
House of Assembly - last held on 26 July 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 8, women 3, percent of women 27.3%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 50.1%, UWP 42.9%, independent 6.6%; seats by party - SLP 13, UWP 2, independent 2; composition - NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Neville CENAC (since 12 January 2018)" @@ -510,6 +501,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (11 seats; 6 members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 upon consultation with religious, economic, and social groups; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (17 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last appointments on 12 July 2016 (next in 2021)
House of Assembly - last held on 26 July 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 8, women 3, percent of women 27.3%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 50.1%, UWP 42.9%, independent 6.6%; seats by party - SLP 13, UWP 2, independent 2; composition - NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states with 4 on Saint Lucia; Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index ef1986b9..871e4d81 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ "text": "explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in honor of his brother Bartolomeo's namesake saint in 1493" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas collectivity of France" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas collectivity of France" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Gustavia" @@ -218,7 +218,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named in honor of King Gustav III (1746-1792) of Sweden during whose reign the island was obtained from France in 1784; the name was retained when in 1878 the island was sold back to France" + "etymology": { + "text": "named in honor of King Gustav III (1746-1792) of Sweden during whose reign the island was obtained from France in 1784; the name was retained when in 1878 the island was sold back to France" + } }, "Independence": { "text": "none (overseas collectivity of France)" @@ -243,17 +245,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by absolute majority vote in the first round vote and proportional representation vote in the second round; members serve 5-year terms); Saint Barthelemy indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college for a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy (shared with Saint Martin) to the French National Assembly" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Territorial Council - last held on 19 March 2017 (next to be held in September 2022) French Senate - election last held 24 September 2017 (next to be held in September 2020) French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party - SBA 53.7%, United for Saint Barth 20.6%, Saint Barth Essential 18.1%, All for Saint Barth 7.7%; seats by party - SBA 14, United for Saint Barth 2, Saint Barth Essential 2, All for Saint Barth 1; composition - men 9, women 10, percent of women 52.6%; French Senate - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1 French National Assembly - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Serge GOUTEYRON (since 16 December 2020)" @@ -271,6 +262,17 @@ "text": "Bruno MAGRAS (SBA) reelected president; Territorial Council vote - NA" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by absolute majority vote in the first round vote and proportional representation vote in the second round; members serve 5-year terms); Saint Barthelemy indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college for a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy (shared with Saint Martin) to the French National Assembly" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Territorial Council - last held on 19 March 2017 (next to be held in September 2022) French Senate - election last held 24 September 2017 (next to be held in September 2020) French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party - SBA 53.7%, United for Saint Barth 20.6%, Saint Barth Essential 18.1%, All for Saint Barth 7.7%; seats by party - SBA 14, United for Saint Barth 2, Saint Barth Essential 2, All for Saint Barth 1; composition - men 9, women 10, percent of women 52.6%; French Senate - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1 French National Assembly - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1" + } + }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "All for Saint Barth (Tous pour Saint-Barth) [Bettina COINTRE]
Saint Barth Essential (Saint-Barth Autrement) [Marie-Helene BERNIER]
Saint Barth First! (Saint-Barth d'Abord!) or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]
Saint Barth United (Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy) [Xavier LEDEE]" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 44fe2bbc..43e60287 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -428,7 +428,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name dates to the period of Spanish colonial rule (16th to late 18th centuries) when the city was referred to as \"Puerto de Espana\"; the name was anglicized following the British capture of Trinidad in 1797" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name dates to the period of Spanish colonial rule (16th to late 18th centuries) when the city was referred to as \"Puerto de Espana\"; the name was anglicized following the British capture of Trinidad in 1797" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward

regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco

borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin

cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando

ward: Tobago

" @@ -470,18 +472,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the president, and 6 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms;)
House of Representatives 42 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and the house speaker - usually designated from outside Parliament; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last appointments on 23 September 2015 (next in 2020)
House of Representatives - last held on 10 August 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 21, women 10, percent of women 32.3%
House of Representatives - percent by party - NA; seats by party - PNM 22, UNC 19; composition - NA" - }, - "note": "note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (19 seats; 15 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councillors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Paula-Mae WEEKES (since 19 March 2018)" @@ -499,6 +489,18 @@ "text": "Paula-Mae WEEKES (independent) elected president; ran unopposed and was elected without a vote; she is Trinidad and Tabago's first female head of state" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the president, and 6 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms;)
House of Representatives 42 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and the house speaker - usually designated from outside Parliament; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last appointments on 23 September 2015 (next in 2020)
House of Representatives - last held on 10 August 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 21, women 10, percent of women 32.3%
House of Representatives - percent by party - NA; seats by party - PNM 22, UNC 19; composition - NA" + }, + "note": "note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (19 seats; 15 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councillors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges); note - Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 58262676..3b57cf0c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -326,12 +326,12 @@ "text": "the Turks Islands are named after the Turk's cap cactus (native to the islands and appearing on the flag and coat of arms), while the Caicos Islands derive from the native term \"caya hico\" meaning \"string of islands\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)" @@ -342,7 +342,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Sir Francis Cockburn, who served as governor of the Bahamas from 1837 to 1844" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Sir Francis Cockburn, who served as governor of the Bahamas from 1837 to 1844" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" @@ -370,17 +372,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats; 15 members in multi-seat constituencies and a single all-islands constituency directly elected by simple majority vote, 1 member nominated by the premier and appointed by the governor, 1 nominated by the opposition party leader and appointed by the governor, and 2 from the Turks and Caicos Islands Civic Society directly appointed by the governor, and 2 ex-officio members; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 19 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote (preliminary) - PNP 56.2%, PDM 39%, other 4.8%; seats by party - PNP 14, PDM 1; composition (of elected members) - men 12, women 3; percent of women 20%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Nigel DAKIN (since 15 July 2019)" @@ -395,6 +386,17 @@ "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats; 15 members in multi-seat constituencies and a single all-islands constituency directly elected by simple majority vote, 1 member nominated by the premier and appointed by the governor, 1 nominated by the opposition party leader and appointed by the governor, and 2 from the Turks and Caicos Islands Civic Society directly appointed by the governor, and 2 ex-officio members; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 19 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote (preliminary) - PNP 56.2%, PDM 39%, other 4.8%; seats by party - PNP 14, PDM 1; composition (of elected members) - men 12, women 3; percent of women 20%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and other judges, as determined by the governor); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index 59b82743..a271bf6f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ "text": "the most plausible name derivation is that the island was designated Isla de la Curacion (Spanish meaning \"Island of the Cure\" or \"Island of Healing\") or Ilha da Curacao (Portuguese meaning the same) to reflect the locale's function as a recovery stop for sick crewmen" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "

constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

" - }, "Government type": { "text": "

parliamentary democracy

" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "

constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Willemstad" @@ -365,7 +365,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology - named after Prince William II of Orange (1626-1650), who served as stadtholder (Dutch head of state) from 1647 to 1650, shortly after the the Dutch captured Curacao from the Spanish in 1634" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Prince William II of Orange (1626-1650), who served as stadtholder (Dutch head of state) from 1647 to 1650, shortly after the the Dutch captured Curacao from the Spanish in 1634" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

", @@ -391,17 +393,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "

18 years of age; universal

" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament of Curacao (21 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 19 March 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - MFK 28.1%, PAR 14.1%, PNP 12.6%, MAN 6.5%, KEM 5.4%, TPK 5.3%; seats by party - MFK 9, PAR 4, PNP 4, MAN 2, KEM 1, TPK 1; composition -" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor Lucille A. GEORGE-WOUT (since 4 November 2013)" @@ -416,6 +407,17 @@ "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually elected prime minister by the Parliament of Curacao; next election scheduled for 2016" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament of Curacao (21 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 19 March 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - MFK 28.1%, PAR 14.1%, PNP 12.6%, MAN 6.5%, KEM 5.4%, TPK 5.3%; seats by party - MFK 9, PAR 4, PNP 4, MAN 2, KEM 1, TPK 1; composition -" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court, in The Hague, Netherlands" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 6bbfb80e..951f5d0b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -401,7 +401,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: an earlier French settlement was renamed Kingstown by the British in 1763 when they assumed control of the island; the king referred to in the name is George III (r. 1760-1820)" + "etymology": { + "text": "an earlier French settlement was renamed Kingstown by the British in 1763 when they assumed control of the island; the king referred to in the name is George III (r. 1760-1820)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick" @@ -443,17 +445,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (23 seats; 15 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 6 senators appointed by the governor general, and 2 ex officio members - the speaker of the house and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - ULP 49.58%, NDP 50.34%, other 0.8%; seats by party - ULP 9, NDP 6" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Susan DOUGAN (since 1 August 2019)" @@ -468,6 +459,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (23 seats; 15 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 6 senators appointed by the governor general, and 2 ex officio members - the speaker of the house and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 5 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - ULP 49.58%, NDP 50.34%, other 0.8%; seats by party - ULP 9, NDP 6" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index eeefa9f8..10cae6c1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -331,12 +331,12 @@ "text": "the myriad islets, cays, and rocks surrounding the major islands reminded explorer Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 of Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgin followers (Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgenes), which over time shortened to the Virgins (las Virgenes)" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "Overseas Territory of the UK; internal self-governing" - }, "Government type": { "text": "Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "Overseas Territory of the UK; internal self-governing" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Road Town" @@ -347,7 +347,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name refers to the nautical term \"roadstead\" or \"roads,\" a body of water less sheltered than a harbor but where where ships can lie reasonably safely at anchor sheltered from rip currents, spring tides, or ocean swells" + "etymology": { + "text": "name refers to the nautical term \"roadstead\" or \"roads,\" a body of water less sheltered than a harbor but where where ships can lie reasonably safely at anchor sheltered from rip currents, spring tides, or ocean swells" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" @@ -375,17 +377,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (15 seats; 13 members - 9 in single-seat constituencies and 4 at-large seats directly elected by simple majority vote and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and the speaker - chosen from outside the House; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 25 February 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - VIP 46.5%, NDP 28.2%, PVIM 17.4%, PU 8%; seats by party - VIP 8, NDP 3, PVIM 1, PU 1; composition - men 12, women 3, percent of women 20%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor John J. RANKIN (since 29 January 2021)" @@ -400,6 +391,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (15 seats; 13 members - 9 in single-seat constituencies and 4 at-large seats directly elected by simple majority vote and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and the speaker - chosen from outside the House; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 25 February 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - VIP 46.5%, NDP 28.2%, PVIM 17.4%, PU 8%; seats by party - VIP 8, NDP 3, PVIM 1, PU 1; composition - men 12, women 3, percent of women 20%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 3 in the British Virgin Islands" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index b2638c30..42dca5a6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -325,12 +325,12 @@ "text": "the myriad islets, cays, and rocks surrounding the major islands reminded Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 of Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgin followers (Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgenes), which over time shortened to the Virgins (las Virgenes)" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with policy relations between the Virgin Islands and the federal government under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior" - }, "Government type": { "text": "republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with policy relations between the Virgin Islands and the federal government under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Charlotte Amalie" @@ -341,7 +341,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: originally called Taphus in Danish - meaning \"tap house\" or \"beer house\" because of its many beer halls - the town received a more dignified name in 1691 when it was named Charlotte Amalie in honor of Danish King Christian V’s wife, Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (1650–1714)" + "etymology": { + "text": "originally called Taphus in Danish - meaning \"tap house\" or \"beer house\" because of its many beer halls - the town received a more dignified name in 1691 when it was named Charlotte Amalie in honor of Danish King Christian V’s wife, Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (1650–1714)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 islands at the second order; Saint Croix, Saint John, Saint Thomas" @@ -369,18 +371,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands (15 seats; senators directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 2-year terms)

the Virgin Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)
US House of Representatives last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 13, independents 2; composition - men 11, women 4, percent of women 26.7%

delegate to US House of Representatives - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition - 1 woman" - }, - "note": "note: the Virgin Islands to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)" @@ -398,6 +388,18 @@ "text": "

Albert BRYAN, Jr. elected governor in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Albert BRYAN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 38.1%, Kenneth MAPP (independent) 33.5%, Adlah \"Foncie\" DONASTORG, Jr. (independent) 16.5%, other 11.9%; percent of vote in second round- Albert BRYAN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 54.5%, Kenneth MAPP (independent) 45.2%, other .3%

" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands (15 seats; senators directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 2-year terms)

the Virgin Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)
US House of Representatives last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 13, independents 2; composition - men 11, women 4, percent of women 26.7%

delegate to US House of Representatives - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition - 1 woman" + }, + "note": "note: the Virgin Islands to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices); note - court established by the US Congress in 2004 and assumed appellate jurisdiction in 2007" diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index b53396fe..97f65d22 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -463,7 +463,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: founded in 1868 as a Russian settlement on the site of a previously destroyed fortress named \"Pishpek\"; the name was retained and overtime became \"Bishkek\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "founded in 1868 as a Russian settlement on the site of a previously destroyed fortress named \"Pishpek\"; the name was retained and overtime became \"Bishkek\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol)", @@ -506,17 +508,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; parties directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members selected from party lists; winning parties limited to no more than 65 seats; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 4 October 2020 (next to be held NA); note - the results of the 2020 election were annulled on 6 October 2020 following mass protests" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Sadyr JAPAROV (since 28 January 2021)" @@ -534,6 +525,17 @@ "text": "Sadyr JAPAROV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sadyr JAPAROV 79.5%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 6.5%, other 14%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; parties directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members selected from party lists; winning parties limited to no more than 65 seats; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 4 October 2020 (next to be held NA); note - the results of the 2020 election were annulled on 6 October 2020 following mass protests" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges)" @@ -1084,6 +1086,9 @@ "text": "Kyrgyz Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Defense Forces, National Guard; State Border Service; Internal Troops (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1095,9 +1100,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 33de112b..fd063054 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -475,7 +475,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: Kazakhstan has two time zones

etymology: on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Kazakhstan has two time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 provinces (oblyslar, singular - oblys) and 4 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty (Taldyqorghan), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Nur-Sultan*, Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Shymkent*, Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Turkistan, Zhambyl (Taraz)", @@ -518,17 +523,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (49 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by 2-round majority vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
Mazhilis (107 seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a 351-member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 12 August 2020 (next to be held in 2026)
Mazhilis - last held on 10 January 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 42, women 5, percent of women 10.6%
Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur Otan 71.1%, Ak Zhol 11%, People's Party 9.1%, other 8.8%; seats by party - Nur Otan 76, Ak Zhol 12, People's Party 10; composition - men 78, women 29, percent of women 27%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": " President Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (since 20 March 2019); note - Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, who was president since 24 April 1990 (and in power since 22 June 1989 under the Soviet period), resigned on 20 March 2019; NAZARBAYEV retained the title and powers of \"First President\"; TOKAYEV completed NAZARBAYEV's term, which was shortened due to the early election of 9 June 2019, and then continued as president following his election victory " @@ -546,6 +540,17 @@ "text": "Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kassym-Jomart TOKAYEV (Nur Otan) 71%, Amirzhan KOSANOV (Ult Tagdyry) 16.2%, Daniya YESPAYEVA (Ak Zhol) 5.1%, other 7.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (49 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by 2-round majority vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
Mazhilis (107 seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a 351-member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 12 August 2020 (next to be held in 2026)
Mazhilis - last held on 10 January 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 42, women 5, percent of women 10.6%
Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur Otan 71.1%, Ak Zhol 11%, People's Party 9.1%, other 8.8%; seats by party - Nur Otan 76, Ak Zhol 12, People's Party 10; composition - men 78, women 29, percent of women 27%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of 44 members); Constitutional Council (consists of the chairman and 6 members)" @@ -1134,6 +1139,9 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces; Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard, Border Service (includes Coast Guard), State Security Service (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.1% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1145,9 +1153,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 0eec512d..2b27f206 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -512,7 +512,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "does not observe daylight savings time" }, - "note": "note: Russia has 11 time zones, the largest number of contiguous time zones of any country in the world; in 2014, two time zones were added and DST dropped

etymology: named after the Moskva River; the origin of the river's name is obscure but may derive from the appellation \"Mustajoki\" given to the river by the Finno-Ugric people who originally inhabited the area and whose meaning may have been \"dark\" or \"turbid\"" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Russia has 11 time zones, the largest number of contiguous time zones of any country in the world; in 2014, two time zones were added and DST dropped" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Moskva River; the origin of the river's name is obscure but may derive from the appellation \"Mustajoki\" given to the river by the Finno-Ugric people who originally inhabited the area and whose meaning may have been \"dark\" or \"turbid\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

46 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respubliki, singular - respublika), 4 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnyye okrugi, singular - avtonomnyy okrug), 9 krays (kraya, singular - kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast')

oblasts: Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl'

republics: Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk)

autonomous okrugs: Chukotka (Anadyr'), Khanty-Mansi-Yugra (Khanty-Mansiysk), Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard)

krays: Altay (Barnaul), Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm', Primorskiy [Maritime] (Vladivostok), Stavropol', Zabaykal'sk [Transbaikal] (Chita)

federal cities: Moscow [Moskva], Saint Petersburg [Sankt-Peterburg]

autonomous oblast: Yevreyskaya [Jewish] (Birobidzhan)", @@ -555,18 +560,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of:
Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (170 seats; 2 members in each of the 83 federal administrative units (see note below) - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg - appointed by the top executive and legislative officials; members serve 4-year terms)
State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats (see note below); as of February 2014, the electoral system reverted to a mixed electoral system for the 2016 election, in which one-half of the members are directly elected by simple majority vote and one-half directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
State Duma - last held on 18 September 2016 (next to be held in fall 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Federation Council (members appointed); composition - men 145, women 25, percent of women 14.7%

State Duma - United Russia 54.2%, CPRF 13.3%, LDPR 13.1%, A Just Russia 6.2%, Rodina 1.5%, CP 0.2%, other minor parties 11.5%; seats by party - United Russia 343, CPRF 42, LDPR 39, A Just Russia 23, Rodina 1, CP 1, independent 1" - }, - "note": "note 1: the State Duma now includes 3 representatives from the \"Republic of Crimea,\" while the Federation Council includes 2 each from the \"Republic of Crimea\" and the \"Federal City of Sevastopol,\" both regions that Russia occupied and attempted to annex from Ukraine and that the US does not recognize as part of Russia

note 2: seats by party as of December 2018 - United Russia 341, CPRF 43, LDPR 39, A Just Russia 23, independent 2, vacant 2; composition as of October 2018 - men 393, women 57, percent of women 12.7%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 13.2%" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)" @@ -585,6 +578,18 @@ }, "note": "note: there is also a Presidential Administration that provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of:
Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (170 seats; 2 members in each of the 83 federal administrative units (see note below) - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg - appointed by the top executive and legislative officials; members serve 4-year terms)
State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats (see note below); as of February 2014, the electoral system reverted to a mixed electoral system for the 2016 election, in which one-half of the members are directly elected by simple majority vote and one-half directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
State Duma - last held 17 - 19 September 2021 (next to be held in fall 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Federation Council (members appointed); composition - men 145, women 25, percent of women 14.7%

State Duma - United Russia 50.9%, CPRF 19.3%, LDPR 7.7%, A Just Russia 7.6%, New People 5.3% other minor parties and Independents 9.2%; seats by party - United Russia 324, CPRF 57, LDPR 21, A Just Russia 27, New People 13; Rodina 1, CP 1, Party of Growth 1, independent 5

" + }, + "note": "note 1: the State Duma now includes 3 representatives from the \"Republic of Crimea,\" while the Federation Council includes 2 each from the \"Republic of Crimea\" and the \"Federal City of Sevastopol,\" both regions that Russia occupied and attempted to annex from Ukraine and that the US does not recognize as part of Russia" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes" @@ -597,8 +602,8 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]
Civic Platform or CP [Rifat SHAYKHUTDINOV]
Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY]
Rodina [Aleksei ZHURAVLYOV]
United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]", - "note": "note: 64 political parties are registered with Russia's Ministry of Justice (as of September 2018), but only four parties maintain representation in Russia's national legislature" + "text": "A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]
Civic Platform or CP [Rifat SHAYKHUTDINOV]
Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY]
New People  [Alexey NECHAYEV]
Party of Growth [Irina MIRONOVA]
Rodina [Aleksei ZHURAVLYOV]
United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]", + "note": "note: 31 political parties are registered with Russia's Ministry of Justice (as of September 2021); 14 participated in the 2021 election, but only 8 parties maintain representation in Russia's national legislature" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, BSEC, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -643,7 +648,7 @@ "text": "
MoscowACS@state.gov

https://ru.usembassy.gov/" }, "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg" + "text": "Vladivostok (suspended status), Yekaterinburg (suspended status)" } }, "Flag description": { diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 548bb752..6c3b1792 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -481,7 +481,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)" + "etymology": { + "text": "today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Bokhtar), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand)", @@ -524,17 +526,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of:
National Assembly or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members indirectly elected by local representative assemblies or majlisi, 8 appointed by the president, and 1 reserved for each living former president; members serve 5-year terms)
Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by 2-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
National Assembly - last held on 1 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Assembly of Representatives - last held on 1 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 28, women 6, percent of women 17.6%
Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 50.4%, PERT 16.6%, APT 16.5%, SPT 5.2%, DPT 5.1%, CPT 3.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - PDPT 47, APT 7, PERT 5, CPT 2, SPT 1, DPT 1; composition - men 48, women 15, percent of women 23.8%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 21.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)" @@ -552,6 +543,17 @@ "text": "Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 92.1%, Rustam LATIFZODA (APT) 3.1%, Rustam RAHAMATZODA (PERT) 2.2%, Abduhalim GHAFFOROV (SPT) 1.5%, Miroj ABDULLOEV (CPT) 1.2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of:
National Assembly or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members indirectly elected by local representative assemblies or majlisi, 8 appointed by the president, and 1 reserved for each living former president; members serve 5-year terms)
Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by 2-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
National Assembly - last held on 1 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Assembly of Representatives - last held on 1 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 28, women 6, percent of women 17.6%
Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 50.4%, PERT 16.6%, APT 16.5%, SPT 5.2%, DPT 5.1%, CPT 3.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - PDPT 47, APT 7, PERT 5, CPT 2, SPT 1, DPT 1; composition - men 48, women 15, percent of women 23.8%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 21.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, family, criminal, administrative offense, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, deputy chairman, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions)" @@ -591,7 +593,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador John Mark POMMERSHEIM (since 15 March 2019)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019" + "text": "109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue (Zarafshon district), Dushanbe 734019" }, "mailing address": { "text": "7090 Dushanbe Place, Washington DC  20521-7090" @@ -1095,20 +1097,20 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan: Land Forces, Mobile Forces (airborne, mountain infantry troops), Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops (reserves for Armed Forces in wartime); State Committee on National Security: Border Guard Forces (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2018": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2018)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2017)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2015)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2014": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2013": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2013)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 8cc868e6..916f888b 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: derived from the Persian words \"eshq\" meaning \"love\" and \"abad\" meaning \"inhabited place\" or \"city,\" and so loosely translates as \"the city of love\" " + "etymology": { + "text": "derived from the Persian words \"eshq\" meaning \"love\" and \"abad\" meaning \"inhabited place\" or \"city,\" and so loosely translates as \"the city of love\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty", @@ -501,17 +503,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "note: in September 2020, the Turkmenistan Parliament adopted a constitutional amendment creating an upper chamber, making the Parliament bicameral
bicameral National Council or Khalk Maslakhaty consists of:
People's Council (56 seats; 48 members indirectly elected by provincial councils and 8 members appointed by the president)
Assembly or Mejlis Hakynda (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "People's Council - first held on 25 March 2021 for 48 indirectly elected members (next to be held in 2026); first held on 14 April 2021 for 8 presidentially appointed members (next to be held NA)
Assembly - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "People's Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 3, independent 45
Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition - men 94, women 31, percent of women 24.8%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -526,7 +517,18 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (DPT) 97.7%, other 2.3%" + "text": "
2017: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (DPT) 97.7%, other 2.3%

2012: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 97.1%, Annageldi YAZMYRADOW 1.1%, other candidates 1.8%" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "note: in September 2020, the Turkmenistan Parliament adopted a constitutional amendment creating an upper chamber, making the Parliament bicameral
bicameral National Council or Khalk Maslakhaty consists of:
People's Council (56 seats; 48 members indirectly elected by provincial councils and 8 members appointed by the president)
Assembly or Mejlis Hakynda (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "People's Council - first held on 25 March 2021 for 48 indirectly elected members (next to be held in 2026); first held on 14 April 2021 for 8 presidentially appointed members (next to be held NA)
Assembly - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "People's Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 3, independent 45
Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition - men 94, women 31, percent of women 24.8%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1055,20 +1057,20 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of Turkmenistan: National Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces; Federal Border Guard Service (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2018": { + "text": "1% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2015)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2014": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2013": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 5bcbcab9..560e7bff 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -452,7 +452,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: \"tash\" means \"stone\" and \"kent\" means \"city\" in Turkic languages, so the name simply denotes \"stone city\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "\"tash\" means \"stone\" and \"kent\" means \"city\" in Turkic languages, so the name simply denotes \"stone city\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent Province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)", @@ -495,18 +497,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held 16-17 January 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Legislative Chamber - last held on 22 December 2019 and 5 January 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 77, women 23, percent of women 23%
Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, National Revival Democratic Party 36, Adolat 24, PDP 22, Ecological Movement 15; composition - men 83, women, 17, percent of women 17%" - }, - "note": "note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (interim president from 8 September 2016; formally elected president on 4 December 2016 to succeed longtime President Islom KARIMOV, who died on 2 September 2016)" @@ -524,6 +514,18 @@ "text": "Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 88.6%, Hotamjon KETMONOV (NDP) 3.7%, Narimon UMAROV (Adolat) 3.5%, Sarvar OTAMURODOV (Milliy Tiklanish/National Revival) 2.4%, other 1.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held 16-17 January 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Legislative Chamber - last held on 22 December 2019 and 5 January 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 77, women 23, percent of women 23%
Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, National Revival Democratic Party 36, Adolat 24, PDP 22, Ecological Movement 15; composition - men 83, women, 17, percent of women 17%" + }, + "note": "note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)" @@ -1079,11 +1081,14 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2018)" + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Military Expenditures 2010": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2018": { + "text": "4% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 68854753..070c17bc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -520,7 +520,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Rangoon (Yangon) is a compound of \"yan\" signifying \"enemies\" and \"koun\" meaning \"to run out of\" and so denoting \"End of Strife\"; Nay Pyi Taw translates as: \"Great City of the Sun\" or \"Abode of Kings\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "Rangoon (Yangon) is a compound of \"yan\" signifying \"enemies\" and \"koun\" meaning \"to run out of\" and so denoting \"End of Strife\"; Nay Pyi Taw translates as: \"Great City of the Sun\" or \"Abode of Kings\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

7 regions (taing-myar, singular - taing), 7 states (pyi ne-myar, singular - pyi ne), 1 union territory

regions: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon (Rangoon)

states: Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Shan

union territory: Nay Pyi Taw

" @@ -563,17 +565,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Assembly of the Union or Pyidaungsu consists of:
House of Nationalities or Amyotha Hluttaw, (224 seats; 168 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed and 56 appointed by the military; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives or Pyithu Hluttaw, (440 seats, currently 433; 330 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 110 appointed by the military; members serve 5-year terms); note - on 1 February, the military dissolved the Assembly of the Union; the State Administration Council governs in place of the Assembly of the Union" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "House of Nationalities - last held on on 8 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025); note - the military junta overturned the results of the 8 November legislative elections" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "House of Nationalities - percent of vote by party - NLD 61.6%, USDP 3.1%, ANP 1.8%, MUP 1.3%, KSDP 1.3%, other 5.9%, military appointees 25%; seats by party - NLD 138, USDP 7, ANP 4, MUP 3, KSPD 3, SNLD 2, TNP 2, other 2, canceled due to insurgency 7, military appointees 56

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NLD 58.6%, USDP 5.9%, SNLD 3.0%, other 7.5%, military 25%; seats by party - NLD 258, USDP 26, SNLD 13, ANP 4, PNO 3, TNP 3, MUP 2, KSPD 2, other 4, canceled due to insurgency 15, military appointees 110" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Prime Minister, SAC Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021); note - MIN AUNG HLAING self-appointed himself to the role of prime minister of a “caretaker” provisional government that subsumed the State Administration Council (SAC) on 1 August 2021; the SAC, chaired by MIN AUNG HLAING, served as the executive governing body since 2 February 2021, following the 1 February 2021 military takeover of the government and the declaration of a state of emergency and still exists under the provisional government according to state media; MIN AUNG HLAING pledged to hold elections in 2023" @@ -595,6 +586,17 @@ }, "note": "note: a parliamentary bill creating the position of \"state counsellor\" was signed into law by former President HTIN KYAW on 6 April 2016; a state counsellor serves the equivalent term of the president and is similar to a prime minister in that the holder acts as a link between the parliament and the executive branch" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Assembly of the Union or Pyidaungsu consists of:
House of Nationalities or Amyotha Hluttaw, (224 seats; 168 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed and 56 appointed by the military; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives or Pyithu Hluttaw, (440 seats, currently 433; 330 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 110 appointed by the military; members serve 5-year terms); note - on 1 February, the military dissolved the Assembly of the Union; the State Administration Council governs in place of the Assembly of the Union" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "House of Nationalities - last held on on 8 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025); note - the military junta overturned the results of the 8 November legislative elections" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "House of Nationalities - percent of vote by party - NLD 61.6%, USDP 3.1%, ANP 1.8%, MUP 1.3%, KSDP 1.3%, other 5.9%, military appointees 25%; seats by party - NLD 138, USDP 7, ANP 4, MUP 3, KSPD 3, SNLD 2, TNP 2, other 2, canceled due to insurgency 7, military appointees 56

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NLD 58.6%, USDP 5.9%, SNLD 3.0%, other 7.5%, military 25%; seats by party - NLD 258, USDP 26, SNLD 13, ANP 4, PNO 3, TNP 3, MUP 2, KSPD 2, other 4, canceled due to insurgency 15, military appointees 110" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Union (consists of the chief justice and 7-11 judges)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index acd4fec8..f83e6556 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -425,7 +425,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named in 1970 after Sultan Omar Ali SAIFUDDIEN III (1914-1986; \"The Father of Independence\") who adopted the title of \"Seri Begawan\" (approximate meaning \"honored lord\") upon his abdication in 1967; \"bandar\" in Malay means \"town\" or \"city\"; the capital had previously been called Bandar Brunei (Brunei Town)" + "etymology": { + "text": "named in 1970 after Sultan Omar Ali SAIFUDDIEN III (1914-1986; \"The Father of Independence\") who adopted the title of \"Seri Begawan\" (approximate meaning \"honored lord\") upon his abdication in 1967; \"bandar\" in Malay means \"town\" or \"city\"; the capital had previously been called Bandar Brunei (Brunei Town)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei dan Muara, Temburong, Tutong" @@ -467,17 +469,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age for village elections; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Mesyuarat Negara Brunei (33 seats; 20 members appointed by the sultan from ex-officio cabinet ministers, titled people, and prominent citizens in public service and various professional fields and 13 members from 4 multi-seat constituencies, and 3 ex-officio members - the speaker and first and second secretaries" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "appointed by the sultan" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "NA; composition (as of July 2021) - men 30, women 3, percent of women 9.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -492,6 +483,17 @@ "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Mesyuarat Negara Brunei (33 seats; 20 members appointed by the sultan from ex-officio cabinet ministers, titled people, and prominent citizens in public service and various professional fields and 13 members from 4 multi-seat constituencies, and 3 ex-officio members - the speaker and first and second secretaries" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "appointed by the sultan" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "NA; composition (as of July 2021) - men 30, women 3, percent of women 9.1%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court (consists the Court of Appeals and the High Court); note - Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only" @@ -1036,11 +1038,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Royal Brunei Armed Forces imports nearly all of its military equipment and weapons systems; the top supplier since 2010 is Germany (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the United Kingdom and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes the Gurkha Battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also hosts a Singaporean military training base (2020)" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 710c5eb2..c2ba23e2 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -505,7 +505,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Phnom Penh translates as \"Penh's Hill\" in Khmer; the city takes its name from the present Wat Phnom (Hill Temple), the tallest religious structure in the city, whose establishment, according to legend, was inspired in the 14th century by a pious nun, Daun PENH" + "etymology": { + "text": "Phnom Penh translates as \"Penh's Hill\" in Khmer; the city takes its name from the present Wat Phnom (Hill Temple), the tallest religious structure in the city, whose establishment, according to legend, was inspired in the 14th century by a pious nun, Daun PENH" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

24 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural)

provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum

municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)

" @@ -547,17 +549,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament of Cambodia consists of:
Senate (62 seats; 58 indirectly elected by parliamentarians and commune councils, 2 indirectly elected by the National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the monarch; members serve 6-year terms)
National Assembly (125 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 25 February 2018 (next to be held in 2024); National Assembly - last held on 29 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 96%, FUNCINPEC 2.4%, KNUP 1.6%; seats by party - CPP 58; composition - men 53, women 9, percent of women 14.5%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 76.9%, FUNCINPEC 5.9%, LDP 4.9%, Khmer Will Party 3.4%, other 8.9%; seats by party - CPP 125; composition - men 100, women 25, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament of Cambodia percent of women 18.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)" @@ -572,6 +563,17 @@ "text": "monarch chosen by the 9-member Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament of Cambodia consists of:
Senate (62 seats; 58 indirectly elected by parliamentarians and commune councils, 2 indirectly elected by the National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the monarch; members serve 6-year terms)
National Assembly (125 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 25 February 2018 (next to be held in 2024); National Assembly - last held on 29 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 96%, FUNCINPEC 2.4%, KNUP 1.6%; seats by party - CPP 58; composition - men 53, women 9, percent of women 14.5%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 76.9%, FUNCINPEC 5.9%, LDP 4.9%, Khmer Will Party 3.4%, other 8.9%; seats by party - CPP 125; composition - men 100, women 25, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament of Cambodia percent of women 18.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime; the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (also called the Khmer Rouge Tribunal) was established in 2006 and began hearings for the first case in 2009; court proceedings remain ongoing in 2019" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 74cc80f5..707de979 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -503,7 +503,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: China is the largest country (in terms of area) with just one time zone; before 1949 it was divided into five

etymology: the Chinese meaning is \"Northern Capital\"
" + "time zone note": { + "text": "China is the largest country (in terms of area) with just one time zone; before 1949 it was divided into five" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the Chinese meaning is \"Northern Capital\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi, singular and plural)

provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; (see note on Taiwan)

autonomous regions: Guangxi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Xinjiang Uyghur, Xizang (Tibet)

municipalities: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin

", @@ -546,17 +551,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (maximum of 3,000 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses, and the People's Liberation Army; members serve 5-year terms); note - in practice, only members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), its 8 allied independent parties, and CCP-approved independent candidates are elected" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held in December 2017-February 2018 (next to be held in late 2022 to early 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 2,238, women 742, percent of women 24.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013); Vice President WANG Qishan (since 17 March 2018)" @@ -574,6 +568,17 @@ "text": "XI Jinping reelected president; National People's Congress vote - 2,970 (unanimously); WANG Qishan elected vice president with 2,969 votes" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (maximum of 3,000 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses, and the People's Liberation Army; members serve 5-year terms); note - in practice, only members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), its 8 allied independent parties, and CCP-approved independent candidates are elected" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held in December 2017-February 2018 (next to be held in late 2022 to early 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 2,238, women 742, percent of women 24.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme People's Court (consists of over 340 judges, including the chief justice and 13 grand justices organized into a civil committee and tribunals for civil, economic, administrative, complaint and appeal, and communication and transportation cases)" @@ -1180,7 +1185,7 @@ "text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "1.9% of GDP (2018)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index d7e8520b..9b08b08a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -395,12 +395,12 @@ "text": "probably an imprecise phonetic rendering of the Cantonese name meaning \"fragrant harbor\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "special administrative region of the People's Republic of China" - }, "Government type": { "text": "presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "special administrative region of the People's Republic of China" + }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)" }, @@ -427,17 +427,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age in direct elections for half of the Legislative Council seats and all of the seats in 18 district councils; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past 7 years; note - in indirect elections, suffrage is limited to about 220,000 members of functional constituencies for the other half of the legislature and a 1,200-member election committee for the chief executive drawn from broad sectoral groupings, central government bodies, municipal organizations, and elected Hong Kong officials" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Council or LegCo (70 seats; 35 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; 30 members indirectly elected by the approximately 220,000 members of various functional constituencies based on a variety of methods; 5 at large \"super-seat\" members directly elected by all of Hong Kong’s eligible voters who do not participate in a functional constituency; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 4 September 2016; (scheduled for September 2020, but delayed until 19 December 2021); note - byelection held on 11 March and 25 November 2018 to fill 5 seats left vacant after 5 legislators were removed from office" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by block - pro-democracy 36%; pro-Beijing 40.2%, localist 19%, other 4.8%; seats by block/party - pro-Beijing 40 (DAB 12, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 9); pro-democracy 23 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 6, PP-LSD 2, Professional Commons 2, Labor 1, NWSC 1, PTU 1, other democrats 3), localists 6 (ALLinHK 2, CP-PPI-HKRO 1, Demosisto 1, Democracy Groundwork 1, other localist 1), non-aligned independent 1; composition - men 59, women 11, percent of women 15.7%; note - 2 localists were barred from taking office in November 2016 and 4 pro-democracy legislators were removed in July 2017; two pan-democratic, two DAB, and one pro-establishment candidates won the byelections in 2018 to fill the seats vacated by the 5 legislators removed from office; one pro-democracy seat remains unfilled pending a court appeal; percent of vote by block as of March 2019 - pro-Beijing 62% pro-democracy 38%; seats by block/party as of March 2019 - pro-Beijing 43 (DAB 13, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 11); pro-democracy 26 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 5, Professional Commons 2, Civic Passion 1, Labor 1 PTU 1, Council Front 6, independent 3); composition as of March 2019 - men 58, women 11; percent of women 15.7%

 

" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013) " @@ -456,6 +445,17 @@ }, "note": "note: the Legislative Council voted in June 2010 to expand the Election Committee to 1,200 members" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Council or LegCo (70 seats; 35 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; 30 members indirectly elected by the approximately 220,000 members of various functional constituencies based on a variety of methods; 5 at large \"super-seat\" members directly elected by all of Hong Kong’s eligible voters who do not participate in a functional constituency; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 4 September 2016; (scheduled for September 2020, but delayed until 19 December 2021); note - byelection held on 11 March and 25 November 2018 to fill 5 seats left vacant after 5 legislators were removed from office" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by block - pro-democracy 36%; pro-Beijing 40.2%, localist 19%, other 4.8%; seats by block/party - pro-Beijing 40 (DAB 12, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 9); pro-democracy 23 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 6, PP-LSD 2, Professional Commons 2, Labor 1, NWSC 1, PTU 1, other democrats 3), localists 6 (ALLinHK 2, CP-PPI-HKRO 1, Demosisto 1, Democracy Groundwork 1, other localist 1), non-aligned independent 1; composition - men 59, women 11, percent of women 15.7%; note - 2 localists were barred from taking office in November 2016 and 4 pro-democracy legislators were removed in July 2017; two pan-democratic, two DAB, and one pro-establishment candidates won the byelections in 2018 to fill the seats vacated by the 5 legislators removed from office; one pro-democracy seat remains unfilled pending a court appeal; percent of vote by block as of March 2019 - pro-Beijing 62% pro-democracy 38%; seats by block/party as of March 2019 - pro-Beijing 43 (DAB 13, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 11); pro-democracy 26 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 5, Professional Commons 2, Civic Passion 1, Labor 1 PTU 1, Council Front 6, independent 3); composition as of March 2019 - men 58, women 11; percent of women 15.7%

 

" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 20 non-permanent judges); note - a sitting bench consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 1 non-permanent judge" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 3e958f61..1b3a233f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -508,7 +508,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: Indonesia has three time zones

etymology: \"Jakarta\" derives from the Sanscrit \"Jayakarta\" meaning \"victorious city\" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named \"Sunda Kelapa\"" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Indonesia has three time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "\"Jakarta\" derives from the Sanscrit \"Jayakarta\" meaning \"victorious city\" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named \"Sunda Kelapa\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**", @@ -551,17 +556,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of:
Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (136 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 4 each from the country's 34 electoral districts - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the Regional Representative Council has no legislative authority
House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (575 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms) (2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Regional Representative Council - last held 17 April 2019 (next to be held 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 17 April 2019 (next to be held 2024) (2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Regional Representative Council - all seats elected on a non-partisan basis; compostion - NA
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 19.3%, Gerindra 12.6%, Golkar 12.3%,  PKB 9.7%, Nasdem 9.1%, PKS 8.2%, PD 7.8%, PAN 6.8%, PPP 4.5%, other 9.6%; seats by party - PDI-P 128, Golkar 85, Gerindra 78, Nasdem 59, PKB 58, PD 54, PKS 50, PAN 44, PPP 19; composition - men 475, women 100, percent of women 17.9%; total People's Consultative Assembly percent of women NA (2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014, reelected 17 April 2019, inauguration 19 October 2019); Vice President Ma'ruf AMIN (since 20 October 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government (2019)" @@ -579,6 +573,17 @@ "text": "Joko WIDODO elected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of:
Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (136 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 4 each from the country's 34 electoral districts - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the Regional Representative Council has no legislative authority
House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (575 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms) (2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Regional Representative Council - last held 17 April 2019 (next to be held 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 17 April 2019 (next to be held 2024) (2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Regional Representative Council - all seats elected on a non-partisan basis; compostion - NA
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 19.3%, Gerindra 12.6%, Golkar 12.3%,  PKB 9.7%, Nasdem 9.1%, PKS 8.2%, PD 7.8%, PAN 6.8%, PPP 4.5%, other 9.6%; seats by party - PDI-P 128, Golkar 85, Gerindra 78, Nasdem 59, PKB 58, PD 54, PKS 50, PAN 44, PPP 19; composition - men 475, women 100, percent of women 17.9%; total People's Consultative Assembly percent of women NA (2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index cc1777ec..33c76441 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -453,7 +453,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: originally known as Edo, meaning \"estuary\" in Japanese, the name was changed to Tokyo, meaning \"eastern capital,\" in 1868" + "etymology": { + "text": "originally known as Edo, meaning \"estuary\" in Japanese, the name was changed to Tokyo, meaning \"eastern capital,\" in 1868" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi" @@ -495,18 +497,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:
House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years)
House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
House of Councillors - last held on 10 July 2016 (next to be held in July 2019)
House of Representatives - last held on 22 October 2017 (next to be held by 21 October 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 55, DP 32, Komeito 14, JCP 6, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 7, PLPTYF 1, SDP 1, independent 5
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 284, CDP 55, Party of Hope 50, Komeito 29, JCP 12, JIP 11, SDP 2, independent 22" - }, - "note": "note: the Diet in June 2017 redrew Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduced from 475 to 465 seats in the House of Representatives; the amended electoral law, which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts, was reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Emperor NARUHITO (since 1 May 2019); note - succeeds his father who abdicated on 30 April 2019" @@ -521,6 +511,18 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:
House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years)
House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
House of Councillors - last held on 10 July 2016 (next to be held in July 2019)
House of Representatives - last held on 22 October 2017 (next to be held by 21 October 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 55, DP 32, Komeito 14, JCP 6, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 7, PLPTYF 1, SDP 1, independent 5
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 284, CDP 55, Party of Hope 50, Komeito 29, JCP 12, JIP 11, SDP 2, independent 22" + }, + "note": "note: the Diet in June 2017 redrew Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduced from 475 to 465 seats in the House of Representatives; the amended electoral law, which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts, was reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issues" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index b124c56d..ad9d6cdd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -448,7 +448,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: on 5 May 2018, North Korea reverted to UTC+9, the same time zone as South Korea

etymology: the name translates as \"flat land\" in Korean" + "time zone note": { + "text": "on 5 May 2018, North Korea reverted to UTC+9, the same time zone as South Korea" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name translates as \"flat land\" in Korean" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 3 cities (si, singular and plural)

provinces: Chagang, Hambuk (North Hamgyong), Hamnam (South Hamgyong), Hwangbuk (North Hwanghae), Hwangnam (South Hwanghae), Kangwon, P'yongbuk (North Pyongan), P'yongnam (South Pyongan), Ryanggang

major cities: Nampo, P'yongyang, Rason

", @@ -491,17 +496,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "17 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members directly elected by majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); note - the Korean Workers' Party selects all candidates" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KWP 607, KSDP 50, Chondoist Chongu Party 22, General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon) 5, religious associations 3; ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; composition - men 575, women 112, percent of women 16.3%

note: KWP, KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party, and Chongryon are under the KWP's control; a token number of seats reserved for minor parties" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Supreme People's Assembly President CHOE Ryong Hae (since 11 April 2019); note - functions as the technical head of state and performs related duties, such as receiving ambassadors' credentials" @@ -520,6 +514,17 @@ }, "note": "note: the Korean Workers' Party continues to list deceased leaders KIM Il Sung and KIM Jong Il as Eternal President and Eternal General Secretary respectively" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members directly elected by majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); note - the Korean Workers' Party selects all candidates" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KWP 607, KSDP 50, Chondoist Chongu Party 22, General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon) 5, religious associations 3; ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; composition - men 575, women 112, percent of women 16.3%

note: KWP, KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party, and Chongryon are under the KWP's control; a token number of seats reserved for minor parties" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Central Court (consists of one judge and 2 \"People's Assessors\" or, for some cases, 3 judges)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 930a1dc9..0147cb62 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -472,7 +472,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name originates from the Korean word meaning \"capital city\" and which is believed to be derived from Seorabeol, the name of the capital of the ancient Korean Kingdom of Silla" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name originates from the Korean word meaning \"capital city\" and which is believed to be derived from Seorabeol, the name of the capital of the ancient Korean Kingdom of Silla" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

9 provinces (do, singular and plural), 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi, singular and plural), 1 special city (teugbyeolsi), and 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeoljachisi)

provinces: Chungbuk (North Chungcheong), Chungnam (South Chungcheong), Gangwon, Gyeongbuk (North Gyeongsang), Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam (South Gyeongsang), Jeju, Jeonbuk (North Jeolla), Jeonnam (South Jeolla)

metropolitan cities: Busan (Pusan), Daegu (Taegu), Daejeon (Taejon), Gwangju (Kwangju), Incheon (Inch'on), Ulsan

special city: Seoul

special self-governing city: Sejong

" @@ -514,17 +516,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18years of age; universal; note - the voting age was lowered from 19 to 18 beginning with the 2020 national election" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Kuk Hoe (300 seats statutory); 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 47 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 15 April 2020 (next to be held in April 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DP/TCP 180, UFP/FKP 103, JP 6, ODP 3, PP 3, independent 5; composition - men 249, women 51, percent of women 17%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President MOON Jae-in (since 10 May 2017); the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister KIM Boo-kyum (since 14 May 2021) serves as the principal executive assistant to the president, similar to the role of a vice president" @@ -542,6 +533,17 @@ "text": "MOON Jae-in elected president; percent of vote - MOON Jae-in (DP) 41.1%, HONG Joon-pyo (LKP) 25.5%, AHN Cheol-soo (PP) 21.4%, other 12%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Kuk Hoe (300 seats statutory); 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 47 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 15 April 2020 (next to be held in April 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DP/TCP 180, UFP/FKP 103, JP 6, ODP 3, PP 3, independent 5; composition - men 249, women 51, percent of women 17%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 13 justices); Constitutional Court (consists of a court head and 8 justices)" @@ -1125,7 +1127,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index c1200995..15a73473 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -489,7 +489,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the meaning in Pali, a Buddhist liturgical language, is \"city of sandalwood\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the meaning in Pali, a Buddhist liturgical language, is \"city of sandalwood\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "17 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural) and 1 prefecture* (kampheng nakhon); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan (Vientiane)*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xaisomboun, Xekong, Xiangkhouang" @@ -531,17 +533,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Sapha Heng Xat (164 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote from candidate lists provided by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 21 February 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPRP 158, independent 6; composition - men 128, women 36, percent of women 21.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President THONGLOUN Sisoulit (since 22 March 2021); Vice President PANI Yathotou; Vice President BOUNTHONG Chitmani (since 22 March 2021)" @@ -559,6 +550,17 @@ "text": "THONGLOUN Sisoulit (LPRP) elected president; National Assembly vote: 161-1; PANI Yathotou and BOUNTHONG Chitmani (LPRP) elected vice presidents; National Assembly vote NA; PHANKHAM Viphavan (LPRP) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote: 158-3" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Sapha Heng Xat (164 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote from candidate lists provided by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 21 February 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPRP 158, independent 6; composition - men 128, women 36, percent of women 21.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "People's Supreme Court (consists of the court president and organized into criminal, civil, administrative, commercial, family, and juvenile chambers, each with a vice president and several judges)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 9f0aa82f..94932c21 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -353,12 +353,12 @@ "text": "name is thought to derive from the A-Ma Temple - built in 1488 and dedicated to Mazu, the goddess of seafarers and fishermen - which is referred to locally as \"Maa Gok\" - and in Portuguese became \"Macau\"; the Chinese name Aomen means \"inlet gates\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "special administrative region of the People's Republic of China" - }, "Government type": { "text": "executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "special administrative region of the People's Republic of China" + }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)" }, @@ -385,17 +385,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age in direct elections for some legislative positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past 7 years; note - indirect elections are limited to organizations registered as \"corporate voters\" and an election committee for the chief executive drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, central government bodies, and elected Macau officials" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (33 seats; 14 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 12 indirectly elected by an electoral college of professional and commercial interest groups, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 17 September 2017 (next to be held on 12 September 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - UMG 10%, UPD 9.7%, ACUM 8.6%, NE 8.3%, UPP 7.2, ANMD 6.6%, NUDM 6.1%, ACDM 5.9%, APMD 5.8%, Civic Watch 5.6%, ABL 5.5%, ANPM 5.3%, other 15.4%; seats by political group - UMG 2, UPD 2, ABL 1, ACDM 1, ACUM 1, ANMD 1, ANPM 1, APMD 1, Civic Watch 1, NE 1, NUDM 1, UPP 1; 12 seats filled by professional and business groups; 7 members appointed by the chief executive; composition - men 27, women 6, percent of women 18.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013)" @@ -413,6 +402,17 @@ "text": "Fernando CHUI Sai On reelected chief executive; Election Committee vote - 380 of 396; note - HO Iat Seng was elected chief executive (receiving 392 out of 400 votes) on 24 August 2019 and will take office on 20 December 2019" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (33 seats; 14 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 12 indirectly elected by an electoral college of professional and commercial interest groups, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 17 September 2017 (next to be held on 12 September 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - UMG 10%, UPD 9.7%, ACUM 8.6%, NE 8.3%, UPP 7.2, ANMD 6.6%, NUDM 6.1%, ACDM 5.9%, APMD 5.8%, Civic Watch 5.6%, ABL 5.5%, ANPM 5.3%, other 15.4%; seats by political group - UMG 2, UPD 2, ABL 1, ACDM 1, ACUM 1, ANMD 1, ANPM 1, APMD 1, Civic Watch 1, NE 1, NUDM 1, UPP 1; 12 seats filled by professional and business groups; 7 members appointed by the chief executive; composition - men 27, women 6, percent of women 18.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Final Appeal of Macau Special Administrative Region (consists of the court president and 2 associate justices)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index c7756932..bb898ae5 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -473,7 +473,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Saturday in March; ends last Saturday in September" }, - "note": "note: Mongolia has two time zones - Ulaanbaatar Time (8 hours in advance of UTC) and Hovd Time (7 hours in advance of UTC)

etymology: the name means \"red hero\" in Mongolian and honors national hero Damdin Sukhbaatar, leader of the partisan army that with Soviet Red Army help, liberated Mongolia from Chinese occupation in the early 1920s" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Mongolia has two time zones - Ulaanbaatar Time (8 hours in advance of UTC) and Hovd Time (7 hours in advance of UTC)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name means \"red hero\" in Mongolian and honors national hero Damdin Sukhbaatar, leader of the partisan army that with Soviet Red Army help, liberated Mongolia from Chinese occupation in the early 1920s" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs" @@ -515,17 +520,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (76 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; each constituency requires at least 50% voter participation for the poll to be valid; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 24 June 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - MPP 44.9%, DP 24.5%, Our Coalition 8.1%, independent 8.7%, Right Person Electorate Coalition 5.2%, other 8.5%; seats by party - MPP 62, DP 11, Our Coalition 1, Right Person Electorate Coalition 1; independent 1; composition -  63 men, 13 women; percent of women 17.1%; note - the MPRP, Civil Will-Green Party, and Mongolian Traditionally United Party formed Our Coalition for the 2020 election; the Right Person Electorate Coalition was established in 2020 by the National Labor Party, Mongolian Social Democratic Party, and Justice Party" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Khaltmaa BATTULGA (since 10 July 2017)" @@ -543,6 +537,17 @@ "text": "Khaltmaa BATTULGA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA (DP) 38.1%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD (MPP) 30.3%, Sainkhuu GANBAATAR (MPRP) 30.2%, invalid 1.4%; percent of vote in second round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA 55.2%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD 44.8%; on 2 July 2020, Prime Minister Ukhnaa KHURELSUKH was reelected prime minister by the State Great Hural" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (76 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; each constituency requires at least 50% voter participation for the poll to be valid; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 24 June 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - MPP 44.9%, DP 24.5%, Our Coalition 8.1%, independent 8.7%, Right Person Electorate Coalition 5.2%, other 8.5%; seats by party - MPP 62, DP 11, Our Coalition 1, Right Person Electorate Coalition 1; independent 1; composition -  63 men, 13 women; percent of women 17.1%; note - the MPRP, Civil Will-Green Party, and Mongolian Traditionally United Party formed Our Coalition for the 2020 election; the Right Person Electorate Coalition was established in 2020 by the National Labor Party, Mongolian Social Democratic Party, and Justice Party" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of the chairman and 8 members)" @@ -1113,6 +1118,9 @@ "text": "Mongolian Armed Forces (Mongol ulsyn zevsegt huchin): General Purpose Troops (Mongolian Army), Air/Air Defense Force, Cyber Security, Special Forces, Civil Engineering, Civil Defense Forces; Border Troops; Internal Security Troops
(2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1124,9 +1132,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index b324b01f..c0f38214 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -511,7 +511,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the Malay word for \"river junction or estuary\" is \"kuala\" and \"lumpur\" means \"mud\"; together the words render the meaning of \"muddy confluence\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Malay word for \"river junction or estuary\" is \"kuala\" and \"lumpur\" means \"mud\"; together the words render the meaning of \"muddy confluence\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu; and 1 federal territory (Wilayah Persekutuan) with 3 components, Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya" @@ -553,18 +555,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal (2019)" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament of Malaysia or Parlimen Malaysia consists of:
Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 members appointed by the king and 26 indirectly elected by 13 state legislatures; members serve 3-year terms)
House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (222 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms) (2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - appointed
House of Representatives - last held on 9 May 2018 (next to be held no later than May 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 54, women 14, percent of women 20.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - PH 45.6%, BN 33.8%, PAS 16.9%, WARISAN 2.3%, other 1.4%; seats by party/coalition - PH 113, BN 79, PAS 18, WARISAN 8, USA 1, independent 3; composition - men 199, women 23, percent of women 10.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.8%" - }, - "note": "note: as of 16 November 2019, seats by party - PH 129, BN 41, GS 18, GPS 18, WARISAN 9, GBS 3, UPKO 1, PSB 1, independent 1, vacant 1" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King Sultan ABDULLAH Sultan Ahmad Shah (since 24 January 2019); note - King MUHAMMAD V (formerly known as Tuanku Muhammad Faris Petra) (selected on 14 October 2016; installed on 13 December 2016) resigned on 6 January 2019; the position of the king is primarily ceremonial, but he is the final arbiter on the appointment of the prime minister" @@ -579,6 +569,18 @@ "text": "king elected by and from the hereditary rulers of 9 states for a 5-year term; election is on a rotational basis among rulers of the 9 states; election last held on 24 January 2019 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister designated from among members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader who commands support of the majority of members in the House becomes prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament of Malaysia or Parlimen Malaysia consists of:
Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 members appointed by the king and 26 indirectly elected by 13 state legislatures; members serve 3-year terms)
House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (222 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms) (2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - appointed
House of Representatives - last held on 9 May 2018 (next to be held no later than May 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 54, women 14, percent of women 20.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - PH 45.6%, BN 33.8%, PAS 16.9%, WARISAN 2.3%, other 1.4%; seats by party/coalition - PH 113, BN 79, PAS 18, WARISAN 8, USA 1, independent 3; composition - men 199, women 23, percent of women 10.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.8%" + }, + "note": "note: as of 16 November 2019, seats by party - PH 129, BN 41, GS 18, GPS 18, WARISAN 9, GBS 3, UPKO 1, PSB 1, independent 1, vacant 1" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federal Court (consists of the chief justice, president of the Court of Appeal, chief justice of the High Court of Malaya, chief judge of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak, 8 judges, and 1 \"additional\" judge); note - Malaysia has a dual judicial hierarchy of civil and religious (sharia) courts" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index dc68de3b..849e1ccf 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -482,7 +482,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11)

etymology: named in 1873 by Captain John Moresby (1830-1922) in honor of his father, British Admiral Sir Fairfax Moresby (1786-1877) " + "time zone note": { + "text": "Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "named in 1873 by Captain John Moresby (1830-1922) in honor of his father, British Admiral Sir Fairfax Moresby (1786-1877)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "20 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Hela, Jiwaka, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital**, New Ireland, Northern, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain, West Sepik" @@ -524,17 +529,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (111 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies - 89 local, 20 provinicial, the autonomous province of Bouganville, and the National Capital District - by majority preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the constitution allows up to 126 seats" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held from 24 June 2017 to 8 July 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PNC 37%; NA 13%; Pangu 14%; URP 11%; PPP 4%; SDP 4%; Independents 3%; and smaller parties 14%; seats by party - NA; composition - men 108, women 3, percent of women 3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Grand Chief Sir Bob DADAE (since 28 February 2017)" @@ -552,6 +546,17 @@ "text": "Peter Paire O'NEILL (PNC) reelected prime minister; National Parliament vote - 60 to 46" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Parliament (111 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies - 89 local, 20 provinicial, the autonomous province of Bouganville, and the National Capital District - by majority preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the constitution allows up to 126 seats" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held from 24 June 2017 to 8 July 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PNC 37%; NA 13%; Pangu 14%; URP 11%; PPP 4%; SDP 4%; Independents 3%; and smaller parties 14%; seats by party - NA; composition - men 108, women 3, percent of women 3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, 35 justices, and 5 acting justices); National Courts (consists of 13 courts located in the provincial capitals, with a total of 19 resident judges)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index bcf9eced..243c986f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -513,7 +513,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: derives from the Tagalog \"may-nila\" meaning \"where there is indigo\" and refers to the presence of indigo-yielding plants growing in the area surrounding the original settlement" + "etymology": { + "text": "derives from the Tagalog \"may-nila\" meaning \"where there is indigo\" and refers to the presence of indigo-yielding plants growing in the area surrounding the original settlement" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

81 provinces and 38 chartered cities

provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao de Oro, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay;

chartered cities: Angeles, Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caloocan, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Davao, General Santos, Iligan, Iloilo, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Lucena, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Naga, Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, San Juan, Santiago, Tacloban, Taguig, Valenzuela, Zamboanga

" @@ -555,17 +557,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of:
Senate or Senado (24 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (297 seats; 238 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 59 representing minorities directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - elections last held on 9 May 2016 (next to be held on 13 May 2019)
House of Representatives - elections last held on 9 May 2016 (next to be held on 13 May 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - LP 31.3%, NPC 10.1%, UNA 7.6%, Akbayan 5.0%, other 30.9%, independent 15.1%; seats by party - LP 6, NPC 3, UNA 4, Akbayan 1, other 10; composition - men 18, women 6, percent of women 25%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - LP 41.7%, NPC 17.0%, UNA 6.6%, NUP 9.7%, NP 9.4%, independent 6.0%, others 10.1%; seats by party - LP 115, NPC 42, NUP 23, NP 24, UNA 11, other 19, independent 4, party-list 59; composition - men 210, women 87, percent of women 29.8%; note - total Congress percent of women 29.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Rodrigo DUTERTE (since 30 June 2016); Vice President Leni ROBREDO (since 30 June 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -583,6 +574,17 @@ "text": "Rodrigo DUTERTE elected president; percent of vote - Rodrigo DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%, Manuel \"Mar\" ROXAS (LP) 23.5%, Grace POE (independent) 21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA) 12.7%, Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO (PRP) 3.4%; Leni ROBREDO elected vice president; percent of vote Leni ROBREDO (LP) 35.1%, Bongbong MARCOS (independent) 34.5%, Alan CAYETANO 14.4%, Francis ESCUDERO (independent) 12%, Antonio TRILLANES (independent) 2.1%, Gregorio HONASAN (UNA) 1.9%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of:
Senate or Senado (24 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (297 seats; 238 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 59 representing minorities directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - elections last held on 9 May 2016 (next to be held on 13 May 2019)
House of Representatives - elections last held on 9 May 2016 (next to be held on 13 May 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - LP 31.3%, NPC 10.1%, UNA 7.6%, Akbayan 5.0%, other 30.9%, independent 15.1%; seats by party - LP 6, NPC 3, UNA 4, Akbayan 1, other 10; composition - men 18, women 6, percent of women 25%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - LP 41.7%, NPC 17.0%, UNA 6.6%, NUP 9.7%, NP 9.4%, independent 6.0%, others 10.1%; seats by party - LP 115, NPC 42, NUP 23, NP 24, UNA 11, other 19, independent 4, party-list 59; composition - men 210, women 87, percent of women 29.8%; note - total Congress percent of women 29.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 14 associate justices)" @@ -1199,7 +1201,7 @@ "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of littoral states and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; an emerging threat area lies in the Celebes and Sulu Seas between the Philippines and Malaysia where three ships were attacked in 2020; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargoes stolen

" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "as of late 2020, the AFP's primary operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which is active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanao

the Philippines National Police (PNP) also has an active role in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations alongside the AFP, particularly the Special Action Force, a PNP commando unit that specializes in counter-terrorism operations" + "text": "

the US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951

as of late 2020, the AFP's primary operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which is active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanao

the Philippines National Police (PNP) also has an active role in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations alongside the AFP, particularly the Special Action Force, a PNP commando unit that specializes in counter-terrorism operations" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-23 years of age (officers 21-29) for voluntary military service; no conscription (2019)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 3927a53b..8c3f072b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -459,7 +459,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words \"simha\" (lion) and \"pura\" (city), thus creating the city's epithet \"lion city\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Sanskrit words \"simha\" (lion) and \"pura\" (city), thus creating the city's epithet \"lion city\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "no first order administrative divisions; there are five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)" @@ -501,17 +503,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (104 seats; 93 members directly elected by popular vote, up to 9 nominated by a parliamentary selection committee and appointed by the president, and up to 12 non-constituency members from opposition parties to ensure political diversity; members serve 5-year terms); note - the number of nominated members will increase to 12 for the 2020 election for the first time (2020)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 10 July 2020 (next must be held by 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PAP 61.2%, WP 11.2%, PSP 10.2%; seats by party - PAP 83, WP 10, PSP 2; composition - men 79, women 25, percent of women 24%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President HALIMAH Yacob (since 14 September 2017); note - President TAN's term ended on 31 August 2017; HALIMAH is Singapore's first female president; the head of the Council of Presidential Advisors, J.Y. PILLAY, served as acting president until HALIMAH was sworn in as president on 14 September 2017" @@ -529,6 +520,17 @@ "text": "HALIMAH Yacob was declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate; Tony TAN Keng Yam elected president in the previous contested election on 27 August 2011; percent of vote - Tony TAN Keng Yam (independent) 35.2% , TAN Cheng Bock (independent) 34.9%, TAN Jee Say (independent) 25%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 4.9%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (104 seats; 93 members directly elected by popular vote, up to 9 nominated by a parliamentary selection committee and appointed by the president, and up to 12 non-constituency members from opposition parties to ensure political diversity; members serve 5-year terms); note - the number of nominated members will increase to 12 for the 2020 election for the first time (2020)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 10 July 2020 (next must be held by 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PAP 61.2%, WP 11.2%, PSP 10.2%; seats by party - PAP 83, WP 10, PSP 2; composition - men 79, women 25, percent of women 24%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (although the number of judges varies - as of April 2019, the court totaled 20 judges, 7 judicial commissioners, 4 judges of appeal, and 16 international judges); the court is organized into an upper tier Appeal Court and a lower tier High Court" @@ -1112,11 +1114,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "maintains permanent training bases and detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 1/2 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2020)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift; the Singapore Straits saw 23 attacks against commercial vessels in 2020, vessels were boarded in 22 of the 23 incidents, one crew was injured, another taken hostage and two threatened during these incidents" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 1/2 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 4247a47d..63747143 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -508,7 +508,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Bangkok was likely originally a colloquial name, but one that was widely adopted by foreign visitors; the name may derive from \"bang ko,\" where \"bang\" is the Thai word for \"village on a stream\" and \"ko\" means \"island,\" both referencing the area's landscape, which was carved by rivers and canals; alternatively, the name may come from \"bang makok,\" where \"makok\" is the name of the Java plum, a plant bearing olive-like fruit; this possibility is supported by the former name of Wat Arun, a historic temple in the area, that used to be called Wat Makok;

Krung Thep, the city's Thai name, means \"City of the Deity\" and is a shortening of the full ceremonial name: Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit; translated the meaning is: City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest; it holds the world's record as the longest place name (169 letters)" + "etymology": { + "text": "Bangkok was likely originally a colloquial name, but one that was widely adopted by foreign visitors; the name may derive from \"bang ko,\" where \"bang\" is the Thai word for \"village on a stream\" and \"ko\" means \"island,\" both referencing the area's landscape, which was carved by rivers and canals; alternatively, the name may come from \"bang makok,\" where \"makok\" is the name of the Java plum, a plant bearing olive-like fruit; this possibility is supported by the former name of Wat Arun, a historic temple in the area, that used to be called Wat Makok;

Krung Thep, the city's Thai name, means \"City of the Deity\" and is a shortening of the full ceremonial name: Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit; translated the meaning is: City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest; it holds the world's record as the longest place name (169 letters)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural) and 1 municipality* (maha nakhon); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Bueng Kan, Buri Ram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep* (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Saraburi, Satun, Sing Buri, Si Sa Ket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon" @@ -550,17 +552,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Rathhasapha consists of:
Senate or Wuthissapha (250 seats; members appointed by the Royal Thai Army to serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives or Saphaphuthan Ratsadon (500 seats; 375 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 150 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 14 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)

House of Representatives - last held on 24 March 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 224, women 26, percent of women 10.4%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PPRP 23.7%, PTP 22.2%, FFP 17.8%, DP 11.1%, PJT 10.5%, TLP 2.3%, CTP 2.2%, NEP 1.4%, PCC 1.4%, ACT 1.2%, PCP 1.2%,  other 5.1%; seats by party - PTP 136, PPRP 116, FFP 81, DP 53, PJT 51, CTP 10, TLP 10, PCC 7, PCP 5, NEP 6, ACT 5, other 20; composition - men 421, women 79, percent of women 15.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 14%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King WACHIRALONGKON, also spelled Vajiralongkorn, (since 1 December 2016); note - King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946) died 13 October 2016 " @@ -576,6 +567,17 @@ }, "note": "note:  PRAYUT Chan-ocha was appointed interim prime minister in August 2014, three months after he staged the coup that removed the previously elected government of Prime Minister YINGLAK Chinnawat; on 5 June 2019 PRAYUT (independent) was approved as prime minister by the parliament - 498 votes to 244 for THANATHON Chuengrungrueangkit (FFP)" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Rathhasapha consists of:
Senate or Wuthissapha (250 seats; members appointed by the Royal Thai Army to serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives or Saphaphuthan Ratsadon (500 seats; 375 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 150 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - last held on 14 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)

House of Representatives - last held on 24 March 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 224, women 26, percent of women 10.4%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PPRP 23.7%, PTP 22.2%, FFP 17.8%, DP 11.1%, PJT 10.5%, TLP 2.3%, CTP 2.2%, NEP 1.4%, PCC 1.4%, ACT 1.2%, PCP 1.2%,  other 5.1%; seats by party - PTP 136, PPRP 116, FFP 81, DP 53, PJT 51, CTP 10, TLP 10, PCC 7, PCP 5, NEP 6, ACT 5, other 20; composition - men 421, women 79, percent of women 15.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 14%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the court president, 6 vice presidents, 60-70 judges, and organized into 10 divisions); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 8 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (number of judges determined by Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts)" @@ -1190,11 +1192,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "275 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation based on lottery (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "including the most recent in 2014, the military has attempted nearly 20 coups since the fall of absolute monarchy in 1932

since 2004, the military has fought against separatist insurgents in the southern provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, as well as parts of Songkhla; the insurgency is rooted in ethnic Malay nationalist resistance to Thai rule that followed the extension of Siamese sovereignty over the Patani Sultanate in the 18th century; the insurgency consists of several armed groups, the largest of which is the Barisan Revolusi Nasional-Koordinasi (BRN-C): since 2018, the Thai military has been negotiating with an umbrella organization, MARA Pattani, that claims to represent the insurgency groups; since 2004, the fighting has claimed about 7,000 lives; as of late 2020, as many as 100,000 military and paramilitary forces were deployed in the south to combat the insurgency

 

" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation based on lottery (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 8189f98e..dbd68ab1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -538,17 +538,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "17 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (65 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 12 May 2018 (next to be held in July 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - AMP - 49.6%, FRETILIN 34.2%, PD 8.1%, DDF 5.5%, other 2.6%; seats by party - AMP 34, FRETILIN 23, PD 5, DDF 3; composition - men 39, women 26, percent of women 40%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Francisco GUTERRES (since 20 May 2017); note - the president is commander in chief of the military and is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections" @@ -566,6 +555,17 @@ "text": "Francisco GUTERRES elected president; percent of vote - Francisco GUTERRES (FRETILIN) 57.1%, Antonio DA CONCEICAO (PD) 32.5%, Jose Luis GUTERRES (Frenti-Mudanca) 2.6%, Jose NEVES (independent) 2.3%, Luis Alves TILMAN (independent) 2.2%, other 3.4%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Parliament (65 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 12 May 2018 (next to be held in July 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - AMP - 49.6%, FRETILIN 34.2%, PD 8.1%, DDF 5.5%, other 2.6%; seats by party - AMP 34, FRETILIN 23, PD 5, DDF 3; composition - men 39, women 26, percent of women 40%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeals (consists of the court president and NA judges)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 97c3c5dd..80cdda8a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -335,7 +335,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the Chinese meaning is \"Northern Taiwan,\" reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Chinese meaning is \"Northern Taiwan,\" reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

includes main island of Taiwan plus smaller islands nearby and off coast of China's Fujian Province; Taiwan is divided into 13 counties (xian, singular and plural), 3 cities (shi, singular and plural), and 6 special municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan

counties: Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Hualien, Kinmen, Lienchiang, Miaoli, Nantou, Penghu, Pingtung, Taitung, Yilan, Yunlin

cities: Chiayi, Hsinchu, Keelung

special municipalities: Kaohsiung (city), New Taipei (city), Taichung (city), Tainan (city), Taipei (city), Taoyuan (city)

", @@ -375,17 +377,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "20 years of age; universal; note - in mid-2016, the Legislative Yuan drafted a constitutional amendment to reduce the voting age to 18, but it has not passed as of December 2017" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 seats; 73 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 34 directly elected in a single island-wide constituency by proportional representation vote, and 6 directly elected in multi-seat aboriginal constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 January 2020 (next to be held on 11 January 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) 34.0%, Kuomintang (KMT) 33.4%, Taiwan People's Party (TPP) 11.2%; seats by party - DPP 61, KMT 38, TPP 5" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President TSAI Ing-wen (since 20 May 2016; re-elected on 11 Jan 2020); Vice President LAI Ching-te (since 20 May 2020)" @@ -403,6 +394,17 @@ "text": "TSAI Ing-wen elected president; percent of vote - TSAI Ing-wen (DPP) 57.1%, HAN Kuo-yu (KMT) 38.6%; note - TSAI is the first woman elected president of Taiwan" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 seats; 73 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 34 directly elected in a single island-wide constituency by proportional representation vote, and 6 directly elected in multi-seat aboriginal constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 January 2020 (next to be held on 11 January 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) 34.0%, Kuomintang (KMT) 33.4%, Taiwan People's Party (TPP) 11.2%; seats by party - DPP 61, KMT 38, TPP 5" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 100 judges organized into 8 civil and 12 criminal divisions, each with a division chief justice and 4 associate justices); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 13 justices)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 4b48b0b4..ef0e2ed2 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -497,7 +497,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the city has had many names in its history going back to A.D. 1010 when it first became the capital of imperial Vietnam; in 1831, it received its current name of Ha Noi, meaning \"between the rivers,\" which refers to its geographic location" + "etymology": { + "text": "the city has had many names in its history going back to A.D. 1010 when it first became the capital of imperial Vietnam; in 1831, it received its current name of Ha Noi, meaning \"between the rivers,\" which refers to its geographic location" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural) and 5 municipalities (thanh pho, singular and plural)

provinces: An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Nam, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai

municipalities: Can Tho, Da Nang, Ha Noi (Hanoi), Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)

" @@ -539,17 +541,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi  (500 seats - number following 2016 election - 494; number of current serving members - 484; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 22 May 2016 (next to be held in May 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party -CPV 95.8%, non-party members 4.2%; seats by party - CPV 474, non-party CPV-approved 20, self-nominated 2; note - 494 candidates elected, 2 CPV candidates-elect were disqualified; composition - men 364, women 122, percent of women 26.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Nguyen Xuan PHUC (since 26 July 2021)" @@ -567,6 +558,17 @@ "text": "Pham Minh CHINH (CPV) reelected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 99.8%; Nguyen Xuan PHUC (CPV) reelected prime minister; percent of National Assembly vote - 100%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi  (500 seats - number following 2016 election - 494; number of current serving members - 484; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 22 May 2016 (next to be held in May 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party -CPV 95.8%, non-party members 4.2%; seats by party - CPV 474, non-party CPV-approved 20, self-nominated 2; note - 494 candidates elected, 2 CPV candidates-elect were disqualified; composition - men 364, women 122, percent of women 26.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme People's Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 judges)" @@ -1176,11 +1178,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the PAVN is armed largely with weapons and equipment from Russia and the former Soviet Union; Russia remains the main supplier of newer PAVN military equipment, although in recent years Vietnam has begun diversifying its procurement with purchases from other countries including Belarus, India, Israel, South Korea, and Ukraine (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (females eligible for conscription, but in practice only males are drafted); conscription typically takes place twice annually and service obligation is 2 years (Army, Air Defense) and 3 years (Navy and Air Force) (2019)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; the number of reported incidents increased from two in 2019 to four in 2020, primarily near the port of Vung Tau" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (females eligible for conscription, but in practice only males are drafted); conscription typically takes place twice annually and service obligation is 2 years (Army, Air Defense) and 3 years (Navy and Air Force) (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index ff163c59..882f34dd 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -480,7 +480,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name Tirana first appears in a 1418 Venetian document; the origin of the name is unclear, but may derive from Tirkan Fortress, whose ruins survive on the slopes of Dajti mountain and which overlooks the city" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name Tirana first appears in a 1418 Venetian document; the origin of the name is unclear, but may derive from Tirkan Fortress, whose ruins survive on the slopes of Dajti mountain and which overlooks the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Berat, Diber, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Korce, Kukes, Lezhe, Shkoder, Tirane, Vlore" @@ -522,17 +524,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 25 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PS 48.7%, PD-Alliance for Change 39.4%, LSI 6.8%, PSD 2.3%, other 2.8%; seats by party/coalition - PS 74, PD-Alliance for Change 59, LSI 4, PSD 3; composition -men 93, women 47, percent of women 33.6%%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President of the Republic Ilir META (since 24 July 2017)" @@ -550,6 +541,17 @@ "text": "Ilir META elected president; Assembly vote - 87 - 2 in fourth round" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 25 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PS 48.7%, PD-Alliance for Change 39.4%, LSI 6.8%, PSD 2.3%, other 2.8%; seats by party/coalition - PS 74, PD-Alliance for Change 59, LSI 4, PSD 3; composition -men 93, women 47, percent of women 33.6%%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 judges, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the chairman)" diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index ad831251..19da35e0 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -403,7 +403,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: translates as \"Andorra the Old\" in Catalan" + "etymology": { + "text": "translates as \"Andorra the Old\" in Catalan" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria" @@ -445,17 +447,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - DA 35.1%, PS 30.6%, L'A 12.5%, Third Way/Lauredian Union 10.4%, other 22.4%; seats by party - DA 11, PS 7, L'A 4, Third Way/Lauredian Union 4, other 2; composition - men 14, women 14, percent of women 50%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAURI (since 20 July 2012)" @@ -473,6 +464,17 @@ "text": "Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - DA 35.1%, PS 30.6%, L'A 12.5%, Third Way/Lauredian Union 10.4%, other 22.4%; seats by party - DA 11, PS 7, L'A 4, Third Way/Lauredian Union 4, other 2; composition - men 14, women 14, percent of women 50%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 0754894d..748d15da 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -460,7 +460,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from earlier settlements of the area; a Celtic town of Vedunia, established about 500 B.C., came under Roman dominance around 15 B.C. and became known as Vindobona; archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna" + "etymology": { + "text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from earlier settlements of the area; a Celtic town of Vedunia, established about 500 B.C., came under Roman dominance around 15 B.C. and became known as Vindobona; archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)" @@ -502,17 +504,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "16 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)
National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Federal Council - last appointed - NA
National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 44, women 17, percent of women 27.9% 
National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition - men 115, women 68, percent of women 37.2%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 34.8% (e.g. 2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)" @@ -530,6 +521,17 @@ "text": "Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)
National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Federal Council - last appointed - NA
National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 44, women 17, percent of women 27.9% 
National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition - men 115, women 68, percent of women 37.2%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 34.8% (e.g. 2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)" @@ -1102,8 +1104,11 @@ "text": "Austrian Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2021": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" @@ -1113,9 +1118,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "0.8% of GDP (2017)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2016)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/ax.json b/europe/ax.json index 8f74e971..26b0879e 100644 --- a/europe/ax.json +++ b/europe/ax.json @@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese" + "etymology": { + "text": "\"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese" + } }, "Constitution": { "history": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 34b504cc..3bb5ddcc 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -471,7 +471,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: may derive from the Old Dutch \"bruoc/broek,\" meaning \"marsh\" and \"sella/zele/sel\" signifying \"home\" to express the meaning \"home in the marsh\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "may derive from the Old Dutch \"bruoc/broek,\" meaning \"marsh\" and \"sella/zele/sel\" signifying \"home\" to express the meaning \"home in the marsh\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 regions (French: regions, singular - region; Dutch: gewesten, singular - gewest); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), Region de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Region Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Region Wallone (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form)", @@ -514,18 +516,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "

Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)

Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU elections" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%" - }, - "note": "note: the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King PHILIPPE (since 21 July 2013); Heir Apparent Princess ELISABETH (daughter of the monarch, born 25 October 2001)" @@ -540,6 +530,18 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and approved by Parliament" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "

Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)

Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU elections" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%" + }, + "note": "note: the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof (in Dutch) and Cour Constitutionelle (in French) (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) and Cour de Cassation (in French) (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges)" @@ -1141,7 +1143,7 @@ "text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have a mix of weapons systems from European countries, Israel, and the US; since 2010, France, Germany, and Switzerland are the leading suppliers of armaments; Belgium has an export-focused defense industry that focuses on components and subcontracting (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 100 Mali (EUTM/MINUSMA); est. 260 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)" + "text": "125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 100 Mali (EUTM/MINUSMA); 200 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949

in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020" diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index ff4405f3..b34a5157 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -478,7 +478,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from the Turkish noun \"saray,\" meaning \"palace\" or \"mansion,\" and the term \"ova,\" signifying \"plain(s),\" to give a meaning of \"palace plains\" or \"the plains about the palace\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Turkish noun \"saray,\" meaning \"palace\" or \"mansion,\" and the term \"ova,\" signifying \"plain(s),\" to give a meaning of \"palace plains\" or \"the plains about the palace\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "3 first-order administrative divisions - Brcko District (Brcko Distrikt) (ethnically mixed), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine) (predominantly Bosniak-Croat), Republika Srpska (predominantly Serb)" @@ -521,17 +523,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:
House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Zeljko KOMSIC  (chairman since 20 July 2021; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)" @@ -550,6 +541,17 @@ }, "note": "note: President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Marinko CAVARA (since 11 February 2015); Vice Presidents Melika MAHMUTBEGOVIC (since 11 February 2015), Milan DUNOVIC (since 11 February 2015); President of the Republika Srpska Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (since 18 November 2018); Vice Presidents Ramiz SALKIC (since 24 November 2014), Josip JERKOVIC (since 24 November 2014)" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:
House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into 3 divisions - Administrative, Appellate, and Criminal, which includes a War Crimes Chamber)" @@ -1112,6 +1114,12 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Oruzanih Snaga Bosne i Hercegovine, OSBiH): Operations Command (includes Army, Air, and Air Defense units), Support Command (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2021": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1120,12 +1128,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2017)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1158,7 +1160,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "66 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 81,541 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)" + "note": "note: 82,381 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index c0079a40..b26ad654 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -474,7 +474,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found " + "etymology": { + "text": "the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 provinces (voblastsi, singular - voblasts') and 1 municipality* (horad); Brest, Homyel' (Gomel'), Horad Minsk* (Minsk City), Hrodna (Grodno), Mahilyow (Mogilev), Minsk, Vitsyebsk (Vitebsk)", @@ -517,18 +519,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of:
Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019
House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%; note - total National Assembly percent of women - NA" - }, - "note": "note: the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)" @@ -546,6 +536,18 @@ "text": "Aleksandr LUKASHENKO reelected president; percent of vote - Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (independent) 80.2%, Sviatana TSIKHANOUSKAYA (independent) 9.9%, other 9.9%; note - widespread street protests erupted following announcement of the election results amid allegations of voter fraud" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of:
Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019
House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%; note - total National Assembly percent of women - NA" + }, + "note": "note: the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman and deputy chairman and organized into several specialized panels, including economic and military; number of judges set by the president of the republic and the court chairman); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 judges, including a chairman and deputy chairman)" @@ -1117,6 +1119,9 @@ "text": "Belarus Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Force, Special Operations Force, Special Troops (electronic warfare, signals, engineers, biological/chemical/nuclear protection troops, etc); Ministry of Interior: State Border Troops, Militia, Internal Troops (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1128,9 +1133,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index dbc1962e..fd798bf1 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -483,7 +483,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: named after the Saint Sofia Church in the city, parts of which date back to the 4th century A.D." + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Saint Sofia Church in the city, parts of which date back to the 4th century A.D." + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofia, Sofia-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Targovishte, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol" @@ -525,17 +527,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 July 2021 (next election to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - ITN 23.8%, GERB-SDS 23.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 13.2%, DB 12.5%, DPS 10.6%, ISMV 5%, other 11.7%; seats by party/coalition ITN 65, GERB-SDS 63, BSP for Bulgaria 36, DB 34, DPS 29, ISMV 13" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Rumen RADEV (since 22 January 2017); Vice President Iliana IOTOVA (since 22 January 2017)" @@ -553,6 +544,17 @@ "text": "Rumen RADEV elected president in second round; percent of vote - Rumen RADEV (independent, supported by Bulgarian Socialist Party) 59.4%, Tsetska TSACHEVA (GERB) 36.2%, neither 4.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 July 2021 (next election to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - ITN 23.8%, GERB-SDS 23.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 13.2%, DB 12.5%, DPS 10.6%, ISMV 5%, other 11.7%; seats by party/coalition ITN 65, GERB-SDS 63, BSP for Bulgaria 36, DB 34, DPS 29, ISMV 13" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized into 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 justices); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the judiciary" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 0eca8034..0aa41884 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -485,7 +485,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: a mispronunciation of the city's Greek name Lefkosia and its Turkish name Lefkosa, both of which mean \"White City\"; the Greek name may derive from the Greek phrase \"leuke ousia\" (\"white estate\")" + "etymology": { + "text": "a mispronunciation of the city's Greek name Lefkosia and its Turkish name Lefkosa, both of which mean \"White City\"; the Greek name may derive from the Greek phrase \"leuke ousia\" (\"white estate\")" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta); (all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos); note - the 5 \"districts\" of the \"TRNC\" are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Iskele (Trikomo), Lefkosa (Nicosia)" @@ -527,17 +529,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral \"Assembly of the Republic\" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a hybrid d'Hondt method with voter preferences for individual candidates" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "area under government control: last held on 30 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 7 January 2018 (next to be held in 2023, unless early election called)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DiPa 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DiPa 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: \"Assembly of the Republic\" - percent of vote by party - UBP 35.6%, CTP 20.9%, HP 17.1%, TDP 8.6%, DP 7.8%, YDP 7%, 3%; seats by party - UBP 21, CTP 12, HP 9, DP 3, TDP 3, YDP 2" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government " @@ -556,6 +547,17 @@ }, "note": "note: the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 202 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; results - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; the second round to be held on 18 October " }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral \"Assembly of the Republic\" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a hybrid d'Hondt method with voter preferences for individual candidates" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "area under government control: last held on 30 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 7 January 2018 (next to be held in 2023, unless early election called)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DiPa 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DiPa 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: \"Assembly of the Republic\" - percent of vote by party - UBP 35.6%, CTP 20.9%, HP 17.1%, TDP 8.6%, DP 7.8%, YDP 7%, 3%; seats by party - UBP 21, CTP 12, HP 9, DP 3, TDP 3, YDP 2" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president); note - the highest court in the \"TRNC\" is the \"Supreme Court\" (consists of 8 \"judges,\" including the \"court president\")" @@ -1128,6 +1130,9 @@ "text": "Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF, includes Army Land Forces, Naval Command, Air Command) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.75% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1139,9 +1144,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index a33c5e6e..210fd3d0 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -471,7 +471,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note - applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\"
" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)" @@ -513,17 +515,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 each representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 25.9%, V 23.4%, DF 8.7%, SLP 8.6%, SF 7.7%, EL 6.9%, C 6.6%, A 3.0%, NB 2.4%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, A 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition - men 109, women 70 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK (elder son of the monarch, born on 26 May 1968)" @@ -538,6 +529,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 each representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 25.9%, V 23.4%, DF 8.7%, SLP 8.6%, SF 7.7%, EL 6.9%, C 6.6%, A 3.0%, NB 2.4%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, A 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition - men 109, women 70 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.1%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges)" @@ -1114,8 +1116,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Danish Home Guard (Reserves) (2021)", - "note": "note: the Danish military also maintains a Joint Arctic Command" + "text": "Danish Armed Forces (Forsvaret): Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Danish Home Guard (Reserves) (2021)", + "note": "note: the Danish military maintains a Joint Arctic Command with the mission of protecting the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark in the Arctic Region, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland; it also conducts maritime pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, fishery inspections, search and rescue, hydrographical surveys, and provides support to governmental science missions" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { diff --git a/europe/dx.json b/europe/dx.json index 246c8c83..dabb71c9 100644 --- a/europe/dx.json +++ b/europe/dx.json @@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese" + "etymology": { + "text": "\"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese" + } }, "Constitution": { "history": { diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index a84ea477..e7117ed0 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -257,7 +257,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: the 27 European Union countries spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU countries" + "etymology": { + "text": "the 27 European Union countries spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU countries" + } }, "Member states": { "text": "

27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden; note - candidate countries: Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey

there are 13 overseas countries and territories (OCTs) (1 with Denmark [Greenland], 6 with France [French Polynesia; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; New Caledonia; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Wallis and Futuna], and 6 with the Netherlands [Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten]), all are part of the Overseas Countries and Territories Association (OCTA)

", @@ -284,6 +286,10 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state" }, + "Executive branch": { + "text": "

under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:
European Council - brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)
Council of the European Commission - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
European Commission - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Belgium) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.

", + "note": "note: for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010" + }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (27 seats; ministers representing the 27 member states) and the European Parliament (705 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, David SASSOLI (Italian center-left), was elected in July 2019 by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation, normally acting in co-decision on Commission proposals (but not in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member state governments)" @@ -295,10 +301,6 @@ "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party (as of 31 January 2020) - EPP 187, S&D 148, ALDE/EDP 97, ID 76, Greens/EFA 67, ECR 59, GUE-NGL 40, non-inscripts 31; composition - NA" } }, - "Executive branch": { - "text": "

under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:
European Council - brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)
Council of the European Commission - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
European Commission - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Belgium) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.

", - "note": "note: for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010" - }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state; the ECJ includes 11 Advocates General while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges" diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 400d901b..ae0294b7 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -456,7 +456,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: derived from Irish \"dubh\" and \"lind\" meaning respectively \"black, dark\" and \"pool\" and which referred to the dark tidal pool where the River Poddle entered the River Liffey; today the area is the site of the castle gardens behind Dublin Castle" + "etymology": { + "text": "derived from Irish \"dubh\" and \"lind\" meaning respectively \"black, dark\" and \"pool\" and which referred to the dark tidal pool where the River Poddle entered the River Liffey; today the area is the site of the castle gardens behind Dublin Castle" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow" @@ -498,17 +500,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:
Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college consisting of members from the House of Representatives, outgoing Senate members, and city and county council members, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by 2 university constituencies - 3 each from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) and the National University of Ireland)
House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%  
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)" @@ -526,6 +517,17 @@ "text": "Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:
Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college consisting of members from the House of Representatives, outgoing Senate members, and city and county council members, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by 2 university constituencies - 3 each from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) and the National University of Ireland)
House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)
House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": " 
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%  
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members - the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal - and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law)" @@ -1127,7 +1129,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Irish Defence Forces have approximately 8,700 active duty personnel (7,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 700 Air Force) (2020)" + "text": "the Irish Defence Forces have approximately 8,700 active duty personnel (7,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 700 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Irish Defense Forces have a small inventory of imported weapons systems from a variety of mostly European countries; the UK is the leading supplier of military hardware to Ireland since 2010 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index abc78d9a..03da69bd 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -493,7 +493,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from \"Taani-linn\" (originally meaning \"Danish castle\", now \"Danish town\") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from \"tali-linn\" (\"winter castle\" or \"winter town\") or \"talu-linn\" (\"home castle\" or \"home town\")" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from \"Taani-linn\" (originally meaning \"Danish castle\", now \"Danish town\") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from \"tali-linn\" (\"winter castle\" or \"winter town\") or \"talu-linn\" (\"home castle\" or \"home town\")" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular vald)

urban municipalities: Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru

rural municipalities: Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, Räpina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori, Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru" @@ -535,17 +537,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; age 16 for local elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 3 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - RE 28.9%, K 23.1%, EKRE 17.8%, Pro Patria 11.4%, SDE 9.8%, other 9%; seats by party - RE 34, K 26, EKRE 19, Pro Patria 12, SDE 10; composition - men 72, women 29, percent of women 28.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Kersti KALJULAID (since 10 October 2016)" @@ -563,6 +554,17 @@ "text": "

Alar KARIS elected president on 31 August 2021; parliament vote-Alar KARIS (independent) 72 of 101 votes; note – KARIS follows Kersti KALJULAID, who was Estonia's first female president; KALLAS is Estonia's first female prime minister

" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 3 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - RE 28.9%, K 23.1%, EKRE 17.8%, Pro Patria 11.4%, SDE 9.8%, other 9%; seats by party - RE 34, K 26, EKRE 19, Pro Patria 12, SDE 10; composition - men 72, women 29, percent of women 28.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 justices, including the chief justice, and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional review chambers)" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 35ad0d6a..0f48ee2a 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -468,7 +468,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name may derive from an old Slavic root \"praga\" or \"prah\", meaning \"ford\", and refer to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava (Moldau) River" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name may derive from an old Slavic root \"praga\" or \"prah\", meaning \"ford\", and refer to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava (Moldau) River" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)" @@ -510,17 +512,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Milos ZEMAN (since 8 March 2013)" @@ -538,6 +529,17 @@ "text": "Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)" @@ -1105,14 +1107,14 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces: Land Forces; Air Forces; Cyber Forces; Special Forces Directorate (2021)" + "text": "Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces; Air Forces; Cyber Forces; Special Forces Directorate (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "1.34% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.16% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.19% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "1.13% of GDP (2018)" diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 6f565640..f576d828 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -469,7 +469,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name may derive from the Swedish \"helsing,\" an archaic name for \"neck\" (\"hals\"), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; \"fors\" refers to \"rapids,\" so \"helsing fors\" meaning becomes \"the narrows' rapids\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name may derive from the Swedish \"helsing,\" an archaic name for \"neck\" (\"hals\"), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; \"fors\" refers to \"rapids,\" so \"helsing fors\" meaning becomes \"the narrows' rapids\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]" @@ -511,17 +513,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 14 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 17.7%, Finn Party 17.5%, Kok 17.0%. Centre Party  13.8%, Green League 11.5%, Left Alliance 8.2%; seats by party/coalition -SDP 40, Finn Party 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Green League 20, Left Alliance 16; composition men 107, women 93, percent of women 46.5% (e.g. 2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)" @@ -539,6 +530,17 @@ "text": "Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 14 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 17.7%, Finn Party 17.5%, Kok 17.0%. Centre Party  13.8%, Green League 11.5%, Left Alliance 8.2%; seats by party/coalition -SDP 40, Finn Party 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Green League 20, Left Alliance 16; composition men 107, women 93, percent of women 46.5% (e.g. 2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities" @@ -1120,7 +1122,7 @@ "text": "2.2% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 711b1333..5b430d02 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -329,12 +329,12 @@ "text": "the archipelago's name may derive from the Old Norse word \"faer,\" meaning sheep" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1948" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1948" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Torshavn" @@ -348,7 +348,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the meaning in Danish is Thor's harbor" + "etymology": { + "text": "the meaning in Danish is Thor's harbor" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark; there are 29 first-order municipalities (kommunur, singular - kommuna) Eidhi, Eystur, Famjin, Fuglafjordhur, Fugloy, Hov, Husavik, Hvalba, Hvannasund, Klaksvik, Kunoy, Kvivik, Nes, Porkeri, Runavik, Sandur, Sjovar, Skalavik, Skopun, Skuvoy, Sorvagur, Sumba, Sunda, Torshavn, Tvoroyri, Vagar, Vagur, Vestmanna, Vidhareidhi" @@ -376,17 +378,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023)
Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2%
Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Lene Moyell JOHANSEN, chief administrative officer (since 15 May 2017)" @@ -404,6 +395,17 @@ "text": "Bardhur A STEIGNIELSEN elected prime minister; Parliament vote - NA" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023)
Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2%
Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Faroese Court or Raett (Rett - Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system" @@ -826,7 +828,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces or conscription; the Government of Denmark has responsibility for defense; as such, the Danish military’s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk, Greenland is responsible for territorial defense of the Faroe Islands; the Joint Arctic Command has a contact element in the capital of Torshavn (2019)" + "text": "no regular military forces or conscription; the Government of Denmark has responsibility for defense; as such, the Danish military’s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk, Greenland is responsible for territorial defense of the Faroe Islands; the Joint Arctic Command has a contact element in the capital of Torshavn (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Danish military’s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk is responsible for the defense of the Faroe Islands" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 13dd4c7a..a0ec50f4 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -484,7 +484,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion

etymology: name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then just Paris


" + "time zone note": { + "text": "applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then just Paris" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 regions (regions, singular - region); Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (Burgundy-Free County), Bretagne (Brittany), Centre-Val de Loire (Center-Loire Valley), Corse (Corsica), Grand Est (Grand East), Guadeloupe, Guyane (French Guiana), Hauts-de-France (Upper France), Ile-de-France, Martinique, Mayotte, Normandie (Normandy), Nouvelle-Aquitaine (New Aquitaine), Occitanie (Occitania), Pays de la Loire (Lands of the Loire), Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Reunion", @@ -531,17 +536,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020)
National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)  - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017)" @@ -559,6 +553,17 @@ "text": "
2017: Emmanuel MACRON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (EM) 24.%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 21.3%, Francois FILLON (LR) 20.%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (FI) 19.6%, Benoit HAMON (PS) 6.4%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 66.1%, LE PEN 33.9%

2012: Francois HOLLANDE elected president; percent of vote in first round - Francois HOLLANDE (PS) 28.6%, Nicolas SARKOZY (UMP) 27.2%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 17.9%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (PG) 11.1%, Francois BAYROU (moDem) 9.1%, other 6.1%; percent of vote in second round - HOLLANDE 51.6%, SARKOZY 48.4%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020)
National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)  - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)" @@ -1164,7 +1169,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Army (Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (Armee de l’Air et de l’Espace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Reserves), National Gendarmerie (paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; also has additional duties to the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Justice) (2021)" + "text": "French Armed Forces (Forces Armées Françaises): Army (Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (Armee de l’Air et de l’Espace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Reserves), National Gendarmerie (paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; also has additional duties to the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Justice) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 753ed82f..dab3c88f 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -287,12 +287,12 @@ "text": "from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic \"Jabal Tariq,\" which means \"Mountain of Tariq\" and which refers to the Rock of Gibraltar" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Gibraltar" @@ -306,7 +306,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic \"Jabal Tariq,\" which means \"Mountain of Tariq\" and which refers to the Rock of Gibraltar" + "etymology": { + "text": "from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic \"Jabal Tariq,\" which means \"Mountain of Tariq\" and which refers to the Rock of Gibraltar" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" @@ -334,17 +336,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; and British citizens with six months residence or more" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (18 seats; 17 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by majority vote and 1 appointed by Parliament as speaker; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 17 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 52.5% (GSLP 37.0%, LPG 15.5%), GSD 25.6%; seats by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 10 (GSLP 7, LPG 3), GSD 6; composition of elected members - men 15, women 2, percent of women 11.8% (e.g. 2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Sir David STEEL (since 11 June 2020)" @@ -359,6 +350,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed chief minister by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (18 seats; 17 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by majority vote and 1 appointed by Parliament as speaker; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 17 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 52.5% (GSLP 37.0%, LPG 15.5%), GSD 25.6%; seats by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 10 (GSLP 7, LPG 3), GSD 6; composition of elected members - men 15, women 2, percent of women 11.8% (e.g. 2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of at least 3 judges, including the court president); Supreme Court of Gibraltar (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 4f3157e2..94df9d96 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ "text": "the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root \"Guern(s)\" is uncertain; the \"-ey\" ending means \"island\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "British crown dependency" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "British crown dependency" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Saint Peter Port" @@ -303,7 +303,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: Saint Peter Port is the name of the town and its surrounding parish; the \"port\" distinguishes this parish from that of Saint Peter on the other side of the island" + "etymology": { + "text": "Saint Peter Port is the name of the town and its surrounding parish; the \"port\" distinguishes this parish from that of Saint Peter on the other side of the island" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (British Crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes: Castel, Forest, Saint Andrew, Saint Martin, Saint Peter Port, Saint Pierre du Bois, Saint Sampson, Saint Saviour, Torteval, Vale", @@ -332,17 +334,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "16 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 27 April 2016 (next to be held in June 2020)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 38; composition - men 27, women 13, percent of women 32.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant-Governor Vice Admiral Ian CORDER (since 14 March 2016)" @@ -360,6 +351,17 @@ "text": "Gavin ST PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 27 April 2016 (next to be held in June 2020)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 38; composition - men 27, women 13, percent of women 32.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats); note - appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 018b9b7c..3d1406ad 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -475,7 +475,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word \"berl\" or \"birl,\" meaning \"swamp\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word \"berl\" or \"birl,\" meaning \"swamp\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, and Thueringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat), while Bremen calls itself a Free Hanseatic City (Freie Hansestadt) and Hamburg considers itself a Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt)" @@ -517,17 +519,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; age 16 for some state and municipal elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)" @@ -545,6 +536,17 @@ "text": "Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 364 to 315" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federal Court of Justice (court consists of 127 judges, including the court president, vice presidents, presiding judges, other judges and organized into 25 Senates subdivided into 12 civil panels, 5 criminal panels, and 8 special panels); Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (consists of 2 Senates each subdivided into 3 chambers, each with a chairman and 8 members)" @@ -1157,14 +1159,14 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces have approximately 180,000 active duty personnel (62,000 Army; 16,000 Navy; 28,000 Air Force; 27,000 Joint Support Service; 20,000 Medical Service, 13,000 Cyber and Information Space Command; 14,000 other) (2020)", - "note": "note - Germany in 2020 announced it planned to increase the size of the military to about 200,000 troops by 2024" + "text": "approximately 184,000 active duty personnel (63,500 Army; 16,500 Navy; 27,500 Air Force; 27,000 Joint Support Service; 20,000 Medical Service, 14,500 Cyber and Information Space Command; 15,000 other) (2021)", + "note": "note - Germany in 2020 announced it planned to increase the size of the military to about 200,000 troops by 2025" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier of armaments to Germany; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2020)" + "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier of armaments to Germany; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 500 Lithuania (NATO); 800 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2021)" + "text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 600 Lithuania (NATO); 800 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Federal Republic of Germany joined NATO in May 1955; with the reunification of Germany in October 1990, the states of the former German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany in its membership of NATO" diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 24c3f49f..d042c466 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -480,7 +480,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language" + "etymology": { + "text": "Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "13 regions (perifereies, singular - perifereia) and 1 autonomous monastic state* (aftonomi monastiki politeia); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (East Macedonia and Thrace), Attiki (Attica), Dytiki Ellada (West Greece), Dytiki Makedonia (West Macedonia), Ionia Nisia (Ionian Islands), Ipeiros (Epirus), Kentriki Makedonia (Central Macedonia), Kriti (Crete), Notio Aigaio (South Aegean), Peloponnisos (Peloponnese), Sterea Ellada (Central Greece), Thessalia (Thessaly), Voreio Aigaio (North Aegean)" @@ -522,17 +524,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "17 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat constituencies and 12 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; 8 members in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote; members serve up to 4 years);  note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held by July 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - ND 39.9%, SYRIZA 31.5%, KINAL 8.1%, KKE 5.3%, Greek Solution 3.7%, MeRA25 3.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA 86, KINAL 22, KKE 15, Greek Solution 10, MeRA25 9; composition - men 244, women 56, percent of women 18.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ekaterini SAKELLAROPOULOU (since 13 March 2020)" @@ -550,6 +541,17 @@ "text": "Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes; note - SAKELLAROPOULOU is Greece's first woman president" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat constituencies and 12 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; 8 members in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote; members serve up to 4 years);  note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held by July 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - ND 39.9%, SYRIZA 31.5%, KINAL 8.1%, KKE 5.3%, Greek Solution 3.7%, MeRA25 3.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA 86, KINAL 22, KKE 15, Greek Solution 10, MeRA25 9; composition - men 244, women 56, percent of women 18.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) (consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges" @@ -1157,7 +1159,8 @@ "text": "the Hellenic Armed Forces have approximately 130,000 active duty personnel (90,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 25,000 Air Force); approximately 35,000 National Guard (2020)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; Germany is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Greece since 2010, followed by France and the US; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing naval vessels and associated subsystems (2020)" + "text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; Germany is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Greece since 2010, followed by France and the US; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing naval vessels and associated subsystems (2020)", + "note": "note - Greece in 2020 announced plans to boost military acquisitions and its defense industry following tensions with Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 110 Kosovo (NATO); 150 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Jan 2021)" @@ -1186,7 +1189,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,557 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 1,210,208 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16" + "note": "note: 1,210,227 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 00182a4e..742165da 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -495,7 +495,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name seems to be related to \"digging\"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or \"graba\" and that the name derives from this; \"za\" in Slavic means \"beyond\"; the overall meaning may be \"beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name seems to be related to \"digging\"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or \"graba\" and that the name derives from this; \"za\" in Slavic means \"beyond\"; the overall meaning may be \"beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska (Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)" @@ -537,6 +539,23 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018)" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly" + }, + "elections/appointments": { + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 December 2019 with a runoff on 5 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
2019: Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%

2015: Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%" + } + }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms" @@ -549,23 +568,6 @@ }, "note": "note: seats by party as of March 2021 - HDZ 62, SDP 33, DP 9, Most 6, Croatian Sovereignists 4, We Can! 4, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HSS 2, HSLS 2, BZH 1, Center 1, FOKUS 1, GLAS 1, HDS 1, HSU 1, NL 1, Reformists 1, SSIP 1, WF 1, independent 12" }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)" - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018) " - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly" - }, - "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 December 2019 with a runoff on 5 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%" - } - }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index ebc9c2ef..ea58d71b 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -485,7 +485,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called \"Pession\" in ancient times; \"Buda\" may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called \"Pession\" in ancient times; \"Buda\" may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)

counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala

cities with county rights: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg

capital city: Budapest

" @@ -527,17 +529,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 8 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Momentum Movement 3.1%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 2.9%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15,  DK 9, LMP 8, PM 5, Together 1, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Janos ADER (since 10 May 2012) " @@ -555,6 +546,17 @@ "text": "Janos ADER (Fidesz) reelected president; National Assembly vote - 131 to 39; Viktor ORBAN (Fidesz) reelected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 134 to 28" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 8 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Momentum Movement 3.1%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 2.9%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15,  DK 9, LMP 8, PM 5, Together 1, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and approximately 91 judges and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)" @@ -1154,7 +1156,8 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces have approximately 25,000 active duty troops (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2020)" + "text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces have approximately 23,000 active duty troops (18,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2021)", + "note": "note - in 2017, Hungary announced plans to increase the number of active soldiers to around 37,000, but did not give a timeline" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Hungarian Defense Forces consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment; since 2010, Hungary has received limited quantities of equipment from several European countries and the US (2020)" diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 9a661d42..1f421edb 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -454,7 +454,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name means \"smoky bay\" in Icelandic and refers to the steamy, smoke-like vapors discharged by hot springs in the area" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name means \"smoky bay\" in Icelandic and refers to the steamy, smoke-like vapors discharged by hot springs in the area" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "69 municipalities (sveitarfelog, singular - sveitarfelagidh); Akrahreppur, Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggdh, Blonduosbaer, Bolungarvik, Borgarbyggdh, Dalabyggdh, Dalvikurbyggdh, Eyjafjardharsveit, Eyja-og Miklaholtshreppur, Fjallabyggdh, Fjardhabyggdh, Fljotsdalshreppur, Floahreppur, Gardhabaer, Grimsnes-og Grafningshreppur, Grindavikurbaer, Grundarfjardharbaer, Grytubakkahreppur, Hafnarfjordhur, Helgafellssveit, Horgarsveit, Hrunamannahreppur, Hunathing Vestra, Hunavatnshreppur, Hvalfjardharsveit, Hveragerdhi, Isafjardharbaer, Kaldrananeshreppur, Kjosarhreppur, Kopavogur, Langanesbyggdh, Mosfellsbaer, Mulathing, Myrdalshreppur, Nordhurthing, Rangarthing Eystra, Rangarthing Ytra, Reykholahreppur, Reykjanesbaer, Reykjavik, Seltjarnarnes, Skaftarhreppur, Skagabyggdh, Skeidha-og Gnupverjahreppur, Skorradalshreppur, Skutustadhahreppur, Snaefellsbaer, Strandabyggdh, Stykkisholmur, Sudhavikurhreppur, Sudhurnesjabaer, Svalbardhshreppur, Svalbardhsstrandarhreppur, Sveitarfelagidh Arborg, Sveitarfelagidh Hornafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Olfus, Sveitarfelagidh Skagafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Skagastrond, Sveitarfelagidh Vogar, Talknafjardharhreppur, Thingeyjarsveit, Tjorneshreppur, Vestmannaeyjar, Vesturbyggdh, Vopnafjardharhreppur" @@ -496,17 +498,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 28 October 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - IP 25.2%, LGM 16.9%, SDA 12.1%, CP 10.9%, PP 10.7%, Pirate Party 9.2%, People's Party 6.9%, Reform Party 6.7%. other 1.5%; seats by party - IP 16, LGM 11, SDA 7, CP 7, PP 8, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 4, People's Party 4" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (since 1 August 2016)" @@ -524,6 +515,17 @@ "text": "Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 28 October 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - IP 25.2%, LGM 16.9%, SDA 12.1%, CP 10.9%, PP 10.7%, Pirate Party 9.2%, People's Party 6.9%, Reform Party 6.7%. other 1.5%; seats by party - IP 16, LGM 11, SDA 7, CP 7, PP 8, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 4, People's Party 4" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 9 judges)" diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 67ef61ba..222e0326 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -317,12 +317,12 @@ "text": "the name \"man\" may be derived from the Celtic word for \"mountain\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "British crown dependency" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "British crown dependency" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Douglas" @@ -336,7 +336,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the Dhoo and Glass Rivers, which flow through the valley in which the town is located and which in Manx mean the \"dark\" and the \"light\" rivers respectively" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Dhoo and Glass Rivers, which flow through the valley in which the town is located and which in Manx mean the \"dark\" and the \"light\" rivers respectively" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 24 local authorities each with its own elections" @@ -364,18 +366,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "16 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:
Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms)
House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020)
House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": " 
Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%
House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%" - }, - "note": "note: as of January 2019, seats by party - Liberal Vannin 2, independent 22" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Richard GOZNEY (since 27 May 2016)" @@ -393,6 +383,18 @@ "text": "Howard QUAYLE (independent) elected chief minister; Tynwald vote - 21 of 33" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:
Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms)
House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020)
House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": " 
Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%
House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%" + }, + "note": "note: as of January 2019, seats by party - Liberal Vannin 2, independent 22" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Isle of Man High Court of Justice (consists of 3 permanent judges or \"deemsters\" and 1 judge of appeal; organized into the Staff of Government Division or Court of Appeal and the Civil Division); the Court of General Gaol Delivery is not formally part of the High Court but is administered as though part of the High Court and deals with serious criminal cases; note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 319eb4e8..fbc8e6cc 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -491,7 +491,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city and its first king" + "etymology": { + "text": "by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city and its first king" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

15 regions (regioni, singular - regione) and 5 autonomous regions (regioni autonome, singular - regione autonoma)

regions: Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto;

autonomous regions: Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sardegna (Sardinia), Sicilia (Sicily), Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German), Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallee d'Aoste (French)

" @@ -533,18 +535,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:
Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)
Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37.5% (L 17.6%, FI 14.4%, FdI 4.3%, UdC 1.2%), M5S 32.2%, center-left coalition (PD 19.1%, +E 2.3%, I 0.5%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%), LeU 3.3%; seats by party - center-right coalition 77(L 37, FI 33, FdI 7), M5S 68, center-left coalition 44(PD 43, SVP-PATT 1), LeU 4; composition - men 208, women 113, percent of women 35.2%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37% (L 17.4%, FI 14%, FdI 4.4%, UdC 1.3%), M5S 33%, center-left coalition 22.9% (PD 18.8%, E+ 2.6%, I 0.6%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%); seats by party - center-right coalition 151 (L73, FI 59, FdI 19), M5S 133, center-left coalition 88 (PD 86, SVP 2), LeU 14; composition - men 405, women 225, percent of women 35.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.5%" - }, - "note": "Note: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the 2023 election" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015)" @@ -562,6 +552,18 @@ "text": "Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 1,009 (505-vote threshold)" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:
Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)
Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37.5% (L 17.6%, FI 14.4%, FdI 4.3%, UdC 1.2%), M5S 32.2%, center-left coalition (PD 19.1%, +E 2.3%, I 0.5%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%), LeU 3.3%; seats by party - center-right coalition 77(L 37, FI 33, FdI 7), M5S 68, center-left coalition 44(PD 43, SVP-PATT 1), LeU 4; composition - men 208, women 113, percent of women 35.2%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37% (L 17.4%, FI 14%, FdI 4.4%, UdC 1.3%), M5S 33%, center-left coalition 22.9% (PD 18.8%, E+ 2.6%, I 0.6%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%); seats by party - center-right coalition 151 (L73, FI 59, FdI 19), M5S 133, center-left coalition 88 (PD 86, SVP 2), LeU 14; composition - men 405, women 225, percent of women 35.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.5%" + }, + "note": "Note: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the 2023 election" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (consists of the first president (chief justice), deputy president, 54 justices presiding over 6 civil and 7 criminal divisions, and 288 judges; an additional 30 judges of lower courts serve as supporting judges; cases normally heard by 5-judge panels; more complex cases heard by 9-judge panels); Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (consists of the court president and 14 judges)" @@ -1205,7 +1207,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 564,472 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 566,393 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 31eb66a2..ff321e53 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ "text": "the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root \"Jer(s)\" is uncertain; the \"-ey\" ending means \"island\"" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "British crown dependency" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "British crown dependency" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Saint Helier" @@ -347,7 +347,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Saint Helier, the patron saint of Jersey, who was reputedly martyred on the island in A.D. 555" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Saint Helier, the patron saint of Jersey, who was reputedly martyred on the island in A.D. 555" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 12 parishes; Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint Martin, Saint Mary, Saint Ouen, Saint Peter, Saint Saviour, and Trinity" @@ -375,17 +377,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "16 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 16 May 2018 (next to be held on 16 May 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49; composition - men 36, women 13, percent of 26.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Stephen DALTON (since 13 March 2017)" @@ -400,6 +391,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; Council of Ministers, including the chief minister, indirectly elected by the Assembly of States; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 16 May 2018 (next to be held on 16 May 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49; composition - men 36, women 13, percent of 26.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners and lay people referred to as jurats, and is organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Samedi Divisions); appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index ab1c4ae5..19e871e7 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -323,7 +323,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name may derive from a Proto-Slavic word reconstructed as \"pryshchina,\" meaning \"spring (of water)\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name may derive from a Proto-Slavic word reconstructed as \"pryshchina,\" meaning \"spring (of water)\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "38 municipalities (komunat, singular - komuna (Albanian); opstine, singular - opstina (Serbian)); Decan (Decani), Dragash (Dragas), Ferizaj (Urosevac), Fushe Kosove (Kosovo Polje), Gjakove (Dakovica), Gjilan (Gnjilane), Gllogovc (Glogovac), Gracanice (Gracanica), Hani i Elezit (Deneral Jankovic), Istog (Istok), Junik, Kacanik, Kamenice (Kamenica), Kline (Klina), Kllokot (Klokot), Leposaviq (Leposavic), Lipjan (Lipljan), Malisheve (Malisevo), Mamushe (Mamusa), Mitrovice e Jugut (Juzna Mitrovica) [South Mitrovica], Mitrovice e Veriut (Severna Mitrovica) [North Mitrovica], Novoberde (Novo Brdo), Obiliq (Obilic), Partesh (Partes), Peje (Pec), Podujeve (Podujevo), Prishtine (Pristina), Prizren, Rahovec (Orahovac), Ranillug (Ranilug), Shterpce (Strpce), Shtime (Stimlje), Skenderaj (Srbica), Suhareke (Suva Reka), Viti (Vitina), Vushtrri (Vucitrn), Zubin Potok, Zvecan" @@ -365,17 +367,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - VV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serb List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - VV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serb List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Vjosa OSMANI (since 4 April 2021); note: President Hashim THACI (since 7 April 2016) resigned 5 November 2020" @@ -393,6 +384,17 @@ "text": "Vjosa OSMANI elected president in the third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI (VV) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (VV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67-30" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - VV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serb List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - VV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serb List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges and organized into Appeals Panel of the Kosovo Property Agency and Special Chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)" @@ -928,6 +930,9 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2020)" }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; as of 2021, it numbered about 3,500 troops; KFOR also assists in developing the Kosovo Security Force" + }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF
(2019)" } diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 8a6ab323..6847b6a7 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -496,7 +496,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: of the several theories explaining the name's origin, the one relating to the city's role in Baltic and North Sea commerce is the most probable; the name is likely related to the Latvian word \"rija,\" meaning \"warehouse,\" where the 'j' became a 'g' under the heavy German influence in the city from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century" + "etymology": { + "text": "of the several theories explaining the name's origin, the one relating to the city's role in Baltic and North Sea commerce is the most probable; the name is likely related to the Latvian word \"rija,\" meaning \"warehouse,\" where the 'j' became a 'g' under the heavy German influence in the city from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

36 municipalities (novadi, singular - novads) and 7 state cities (valstpilsetu pasvaldibas, singular valstspilsetas pasvaldiba)

municipalities: Adazi, Aizkraukle, Aluksne, Augsdaugava, Balvi, Bauska, Cesis, Dienvidkurzeme, Dobele, Gulbene, Jekabpils, Jelgava, Kekava, Kraslava, Kuldiga, Limbazi, Livani, Ludza, Madona, Marupe, Ogre, Olaine, Preili, Rezekne, Ropazi, Salaspils, Saldus, Saulkrasti, Sigulda, Smiltene, Talsi, Tukums, Valka, Valmiera, Varaklani, Ventspils

cities: Daugavpils, Jelgava, Jurmala, Liepaja, Rezekne, Riga, Ventspils

" @@ -538,17 +540,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - SDPS 19.8%, KPV LV 14.3%, JKP 13.6%, AP! 12%, NA 11%, ZZS 9.9%, V 6.7%, other 12.7%; seats by party - SDPS 23, KPV LV 16, JKP 16, AP! 13, NA 13, ZZS 11, V 8; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Egils LEVITS (since 8 July 2019)" @@ -566,6 +557,17 @@ "text": "Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61 votes, Didzis SMITS 24, Juris JANSONS 8; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - SDPS 19.8%, KPV LV 14.3%, JKP 13.6%, AP! 12%, NA 11%, ZZS 9.9%, V 6.7%, other 12.7%; seats by party - SDPS 23, KPV LV 16, JKP 16, AP! 13, NA 13, ZZS 11, V 8; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Senate with 36 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)" @@ -1154,7 +1156,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the National Armed Forces of Latvia have approximately 6,000 active duty troops (5,000 Land Forces; 500 Naval Force/Coast Guard; 500 Air Force) (2021)" + "text": "the National Armed Forces of Latvia have approximately 6,500 active duty troops (5,500 Land Forces; 500 Naval Force/Coast Guard; 500 Air Force; note - some Land Forces are considered joint forces); 8,200 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Latvian military's inventory is limited and consists of a mixture of Soviet-era and more modern--mostly second-hand--European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received  limited amounts of equipment from several European countries, as well as the US (2020)" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 63622e6d..c3aa54b4 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -489,7 +489,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: named after the Vilnia River, which flows into the Neris River at Vilnius; the river name derives from the Lithuanian word \"vilnis\" meaning \"a surge\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Vilnia River, which flows into the Neris River at Vilnius; the river name derives from the Lithuanian word \"vilnis\" meaning \"a surge\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai" @@ -531,17 +533,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, Freedom 11, DP 10, AWPL 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, Greens 1, independent 4; composition - men 103, women 38, percent of women 27%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)" @@ -559,6 +550,17 @@ "text": "Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%; Saulius SKVERNELIS (LVZS) approved as prime minister by Parliament vote - 62 to 10" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, Freedom 11, DP 10, AWPL 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, Greens 1, independent 4; composition - men 103, women 38, percent of women 27%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 0d8497a5..66d14912 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -455,7 +455,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence and may derive from later transliterations of the 9th century military commander, Braslav, or the 11th century Bohemian Duke Bretislav I; alternatively, the name may derive from the Slovak words \"brat\" (brother) and \"slava\" (glory)" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence and may derive from later transliterations of the 9th century military commander, Braslav, or the 11th century Bohemian Duke Bretislav I; alternatively, the name may derive from the Slovak words \"brat\" (brother) and \"slava\" (glory)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina" @@ -497,17 +499,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 29 February 2020 (next to be held March 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina 8.2%, LSNS 8%, PS-SPOLU 7%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi 5.8%, other 21.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12, PS-SPOLU 0; composition - men 120, women 30, percent of women 20%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2019)" @@ -525,6 +516,17 @@ "text": "
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%

2014: Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 29 February 2020 (next to be held March 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - OLaNO-NOVA 25%, Smer-SD 18.3%, Sme-Rodina 8.2%, LSNS 8%, PS-SPOLU 7%, SaS 6.2%, Za Ludi 5.8%, other 21.5%; seats by party - OLaNO-NOVA 53, Smer-SD 38, Sme-Rodina 17, LSNS 17, SaS 13, Za Ludi 12, PS-SPOLU 0; composition - men 120, women 30, percent of women 20%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)" @@ -1109,7 +1111,7 @@ "text": "the inventory of the Slovakian military consists mostly of Soviet-era platforms; since 2010, it has imported limited quantities of equipment from China, Czechia, Italy, Russia, and the US (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (Jan 2021)" + "text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 175 Latvia (NATO) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004" diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index cd610856..4c3df99e 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -375,7 +375,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin \"vallis\" (valley) and the High German \"diutisk\" (meaning \"German\") to produce \"Valdutsch\" (German valley), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town" + "etymology": { + "text": "may be a conflation from the Latin \"vallis\" (valley) and the High German \"diutisk\" (meaning \"German\") to produce \"Valdutsch\" (German valley), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz" @@ -417,17 +419,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in 2 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - FBP 35.9%, VU 35.9%, FL 12.9%, DpL 11.1%, independent 4.2%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 10, FL 3, DpL 2; composition - men 18, women 7, percent of women 28%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Prince HANS-ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers on 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS (son of the monarch, born 11 June 1968); note - 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS-ADAM II retains status of chief of state" @@ -442,6 +433,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Parliament usually appointed the head of government by the monarch, and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in 2 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - FBP 35.9%, VU 35.9%, FL 12.9%, DpL 11.1%, independent 4.2%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 10, FL 3, DpL 2; composition - men 18, women 7, percent of women 28%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgericht (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 7c023a69..99c76c91 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -450,7 +450,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from the Celtic \"lucilem\" (little) and the German \"burg\" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the \"little castle\"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the city that grew around the fortress" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Celtic \"lucilem\" (little) and the German \"burg\" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the \"little castle\"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the city that grew around the fortress" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 cantons (cantons, singular - canton); Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz" @@ -492,17 +494,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - CSV 28.3%, LSAP 17.6%, DP 16.9%, Green Party 15.1%, ADR 8.3%, Pirate Party 6.4%, The Left 5.5%, other 1.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 12, LSAP 10, Green Party 9, ADR 4, Pirate Party 2, The Left 2; composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)" @@ -517,6 +508,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - CSV 28.3%, LSAP 17.6%, DP 16.9%, Green Party 15.1%, ADR 8.3%, Pirate Party 6.4%, The Left 5.5%, other 1.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 12, LSAP 10, Green Party 9, ADR 4, Pirate Party 2, The Left 2; composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index b008662d..0394b6c8 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -477,7 +477,10 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)\r\netymology: origin unclear but may derive from the archaic Romanian word \"chisla\" (\"spring\" or \"water source\") and \"noua\" (\"new\") because the original settlement was built at the site of a small spring" + "etymology": { + "text": "origin unclear but may derive from the archaic Romanian word \"chisla\" (\"spring\" or \"water source\") and \"noua\" (\"new\") because the original settlement was built at the site of a small spring" + }, + "note": "note: pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

32 raions (raioane, singular - raion), 3 municipalities (municipii, singular - municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)

raions: Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni

municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau

autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia

territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)

" @@ -519,17 +522,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 51 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 50 members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; all members serve 4-year terms" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "

last held on 11 July 2021 (next scheduled for July 2025)

" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "

percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS (PSRM+PCRM) 27.1%, SOR 5.7%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6

" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Maia SANDU (since 24 December 2020)" @@ -547,6 +539,17 @@ "text": "Maia SANDU elected president; percent of vote (second round results) - Maia SANDU (PAS) 57.7%, Igor DODON (PSRM) 42.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 51 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 50 members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; all members serve 4-year terms" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "

last held on 11 July 2021 (next scheduled for July 2025)

" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "

percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS (PSRM+PCRM) 27.1%, SOR 5.7%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6

" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index a8fd0310..e60359d4 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -503,7 +503,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name translates as \"beneath Gorica\"; the meaning of Gorica is \"hillock\"; the reference is to the small hill named Gorica that the city is built around" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name translates as \"beneath Gorica\"; the meaning of Gorica is \"hillock\"; the reference is to the small hill named Gorica that the city is built around" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "24 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Tuzi, Ulcinj, Zabljak" @@ -545,17 +547,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 30 August 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 35.1%, ZBCG 32.6%, MNIM 12.5%, URA 5.5%, SD 4.1%, BS 3.9%, SDP 3.1%, AL 1.6%, AK 1.1%, other 0.4%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 30, ZBCG 27, MNIM 10, URA 4, BS 3, SD 3, SDP 2, AL 1, AK 1.; composition - men 57, women 24, percent of women 29.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 20 May 2018)" @@ -573,6 +564,17 @@ "text": "Milo DJUKANOVIC elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Milo DJUKANOVIC (DPS) 53.9%, Mladen BOJANIC (independent) 33.4%, Draginja VUKSANOVIC (SDP) 8.2%, Marko MILACIC (PRAVA) 2.8%, other 1.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 30 August 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 35.1%, ZBCG 32.6%, MNIM 12.5%, URA 5.5%, SD 4.1%, BS 3.9%, SDP 3.1%, AL 1.6%, AK 1.1%, other 0.4%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 30, ZBCG 27, MNIM 10, URA 4, BS 3, SD 3, SDP 2, AL 1, AK 1.; composition - men 57, women 24, percent of women 29.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges)" @@ -1115,7 +1117,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "the Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro are a joint force with land, air, and naval elements (2020)" + "text": "the Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: joint force with land, air, and naval elements (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { @@ -1157,7 +1159,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "472 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 19,759 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 19,792 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 1045cf87..5dc9c344 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -478,7 +478,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: Skopje derives from its ancient name Scupi, the Latin designation of a classical era Greco-Roman frontier fortress town; the name may go back even further to a pre-Greek, Illyrian name" + "etymology": { + "text": "Skopje derives from its ancient name Scupi, the Latin designation of a classical era Greco-Roman frontier fortress town; the name may go back even further to a pre-Greek, Illyrian name" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "70 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina) and 1 city* (grad); Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Caska, Centar Zupa, Cesinovo-Oblesevo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Skopje*, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vrapciste, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci" @@ -520,17 +522,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly - Sobraine in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last election was to be held on 12 April 2020 but was postponed until 15 July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - We Can 35.9%, Renewal 34.6%, BDI 11.5%, AfA-Alternative 9%, The Left 4.1%, PDSh 1.5%, other 3.4%; seats by party/coalition - We Can 46, Renewal 44, BDI 15, AfA-Alternative 12, The Left 2, PDSh 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Stevo PENDAROVSKI (since 12 May 2019)" @@ -548,6 +539,17 @@ "text": "Stevo PENDAROVSKI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 44.8%, Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 44.2%, Blenim REKA (independent) 11.1%; percent of vote in second round - Stevo PENDAROVSKI 53.6%, Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA 46.4%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly - Sobraine in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last election was to be held on 12 April 2020 but was postponed until 15 July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - We Can 35.9%, Renewal 34.6%, BDI 11.5%, AfA-Alternative 9%, The Left 4.1%, PDSh 1.5%, other 3.4%; seats by party/coalition - We Can 46, Renewal 44, BDI 15, AfA-Alternative 12, The Left 2, PDSh 1" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 22 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index ef5b9669..5888b3ed 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -442,17 +442,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 8 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Priorite Monaco 57.7%, Horizon Monaco 26.1%, Union Monegasque 16.2%; seats by party - Priorite Monaco 21, Horizon Monaco 2, Union Monegasque 1; composition - men 16, women 8, percent of women 33.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)" @@ -467,6 +456,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 8 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Priorite Monaco 57.7%, Horizon Monaco 26.1%, Union Monegasque 16.2%; seats by party - Priorite Monaco 21, Horizon Monaco 2, Union Monegasque 1; composition - men 16, women 8, percent of women 33.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 55be1871..755f7053 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -469,7 +469,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: named in honor of Jean de Valette, the Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (crusader knights), who successfully led a defense of the island from an Ottoman invasion in 1565" + "etymology": { + "text": "named in honor of Jean de Valette, the Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (crusader knights), who successfully led a defense of the island from an Ottoman invasion in 1565" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "68 localities (Il-lokalita); Attard, Balzan, Birgu, Birkirkara, Birzebbuga, Bormla, Dingli, Fgura, Floriana, Fontana, Ghajnsielem, Gharb, Gharghur, Ghasri, Ghaxaq, Gudja, Gzira, Hamrun, Iklin, Imdina, Imgarr, Imqabba, Imsida, Imtarfa, Isla, Kalkara, Kercem, Kirkop, Lija, Luqa, Marsa, Marsaskala, Marsaxlokk, Mellieha, Mosta, Munxar, Nadur, Naxxar, Paola, Pembroke, Pieta, Qala, Qormi, Qrendi, Rabat, Rabat (Ghawdex), Safi, San Giljan/Saint Julian, San Gwann/Saint John, San Lawrenz/Saint Lawrence, Sannat, San Pawl il-Bahar/Saint Paul's Bay, Santa Lucija/Saint Lucia, Santa Venera/Saint Venera, Siggiewi, Sliema, Swieqi, Tarxien, Ta' Xbiex, Valletta, Xaghra, Xewkija, Xghajra, Zabbar, Zebbug, Zebbug (Ghawdex), Zejtun, Zurrieq" @@ -511,17 +513,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age (16 in local council elections); universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Representatives or Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati, a component of the Parliament of Malta (normally 65 seats but can include at-large members; members directly elected in 5 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the parliament elected in 2013 had 69 seats; an additional two seats were added in 2016 by the Constitutional Court to correct for mistakes made in the 2013 vote-counting process" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022); note - Prime Minister MUSCAT called for early elections amid corruption allegations" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PL 55%, PN 43.7%, other 1.3%; seats by party - PL 37 PN 30; note - PN was awarded two additional seats for a total of 30 in accordance with the proportionality provisions specified in the constitution; PD candidates ran under the PN list; composition - men 57, women 10, percent of women 14.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President George VELLA (since 4 April 2019) " @@ -539,6 +530,17 @@ "text": "George VELLA (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous; Joseph MUSCAT (PL) reappointed prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of Representatives or Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati, a component of the Parliament of Malta (normally 65 seats but can include at-large members; members directly elected in 5 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the parliament elected in 2013 had 69 seats; an additional two seats were added in 2016 by the Constitutional Court to correct for mistakes made in the 2013 vote-counting process" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022); note - Prime Minister MUSCAT called for early elections amid corruption allegations" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PL 55%, PN 43.7%, other 1.3%; seats by party - PL 37 PN 30; note - PN was awarded two additional seats for a total of 30 in accordance with the proportionality provisions specified in the constitution; PD candidates ran under the PN list; composition - men 57, women 10, percent of women 14.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 judges); Court of Criminal Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges)" @@ -1079,6 +1081,9 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of Malta (AFM, includes land, maritime, and air elements, plus a Volunteer Reserve Force) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1090,9 +1095,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index af27adda..b13e89bd 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -472,7 +472,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4

etymology: the original Dutch name, Amstellerdam, meaning \"a dam on the Amstel River,\" dates to the 13th century; over time the name simplified to Amsterdam" + "time zone note": { + "text": "time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the original Dutch name, Amstellerdam, meaning \"a dam on the Amstel River,\" dates to the 13th century; over time the name simplified to Amsterdam" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie), 3 public entities* (openbare lichamen, singular - openbaar lichaam (Dutch); entidatnan publiko, singular - entidat publiko (Papiamento)); Bonaire*, Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Saba*, Sint Eustatius*, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland)", @@ -518,17 +523,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:
First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023)
Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7%
Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)" @@ -543,6 +537,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:
First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023)
Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7%
Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers" @@ -1142,7 +1147,8 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have approximately 35,000 active duty personnel (15,000 Army; 7,500 Navy; 6,500 Air Force; 6,000 Constabulary) (2020)" + "text": "the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have approximately 35,000 active duty personnel (15,000 Army; 7,500 Navy; 6,500 Air Force; 6,000 Constabulary) (2020)", + "note": "note - the Navy includes about 2,300 marines" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Netherlands Armed Forces consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands, followed by several European countries; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2020)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 54d332ae..d477d51d 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -470,7 +470,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the medieval name was spelt \"Aslo\"; the \"as\" component refered either to the Ekeberg ridge southeast of the town (\"as\" in modern Norwegian), or to the Aesir (Norse gods); \"lo\" refered to \"meadow,\" so the most likely interpretations would have been either \"the meadow beneath the ridge\" or \"the meadow of the gods\"; both explanations are considered equally plausible" + "etymology": { + "text": "the medieval name was spelt \"Aslo\"; the \"as\" component refered either to the Ekeberg ridge southeast of the town (\"as\" in modern Norwegian), or to the Aesir (Norse gods); \"lo\" refered to \"meadow,\" so the most likely interpretations would have been either \"the meadow beneath the ridge\" or \"the meadow of the gods\"; both explanations are considered equally plausible" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Telemark, Troms, Trondelag, Vest-Agder, Vestfold" @@ -515,17 +517,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Ap 27.4%, H 25%, FrP 15.2%, SP 10.3%, SV 6%, V 4.4%, KrF 4.2%, MDG 3.2%, R 2.4%, other/invalid 1.9%; seats by party - Ap 49, H 45, FrP 27, SP 19, SV 11, V 8, KrF 8, MDG 1, R 1; composition - men 99, women 70, percent of women 41.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (son of the monarch, born 20 July 1973)" @@ -540,6 +531,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "

percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.4%, SP 13.5%, FrP 11.6%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF .2%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, V 8, R 8, KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1

" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)" @@ -552,7 +554,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Kjell Ingolf ROPSTADT]
Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
Green Party or MDG [Rasmus HANSSON and Une Aina BASTHOLM]
Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI GRANDE]
Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN]
Red Party or R [Bionar MOXNES]
Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]" + "text": "

Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Kjell Ingolf ROPSTADT]
Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
Green Party or MDG [Une Aina BASTHOLM] 
Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]
Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]
Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG]
Red Party or R [Bionar MOXNES]
Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index a13d22cf..944eb8a4 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -499,7 +499,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the origin of the name is unknown; the Polish designation \"Warszawa\" was the name of a fishing village and several legends/traditions link the city's founding to a man named Wars or Warsz" + "etymology": { + "text": "the origin of the name is unknown; the Polish designation \"Warszawa\" was the name of a fishing village and several legends/traditions link the city's founding to a man named Wars or Warsz" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "16 voivodships [provinces] (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie (Lodz), Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie (Opole), Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)" @@ -541,18 +543,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)
Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%
Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%" - }, - "note": "note: the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)" @@ -570,6 +560,18 @@ "text": "
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%

2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral legislature consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)
Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%
Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%" + }, + "note": "note: the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)" @@ -1161,7 +1163,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Force (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej); Ministry of the Interior: Border Guard (includes coast guard duties) (2021)", - "note": "note: the Polish Armed Forces are organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces, Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command" + "note": "note: the Polish Armed Forces are organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces (established 2017), Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index b4330c62..739179a5 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens of African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990, Eastern Europeans have migrated to Portugal" + "text": "white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa and Asia and other foreign born" }, "Languages": { "text": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)" @@ -482,7 +482,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city \"Olisippo\" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became \"Ulixbona,\" under the Arabs it was \"al-Ushbuna\"; the medieval version of \"Lissabona\" became today's Lisboa" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city \"Olisippo\" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became \"Ulixbona,\" under the Arabs it was \"al-Ushbuna\"; the medieval version of \"Lissabona\" became today's Lisboa" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu" @@ -524,17 +529,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79,  B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)" @@ -553,6 +547,17 @@ }, "note": "note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79,  B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)" @@ -1168,11 +1173,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 7a672487..3e68d5e5 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -502,7 +502,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the Serbian \"Beograd\" means \"white fortress\" or \"white city\" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city" + "etymology": { + "text": "the Serbian \"Beograd\" means \"white fortress\" or \"white city\" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

119 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina) and 26 cities (gradovi, singular - grad)

municipalities: Ada*, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar*, Apatin*, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac*, Backa Palanka*, Backa Topola*, Backi Petrovac*, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej*, Bela Crkva*, Bela Palanka, Beocin*, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bor, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka*, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija*, Irig*, Ivanjica, Kanjiza*, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica*, Kovin*, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula*, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos*, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja*, Nova Varos, Novi Becej*, Novi Knezevac*, Odzaci*, Opovo*, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci*, Petrovac na Mlavi, Plandiste*, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma*, Secanj*, Senta*, Sid*, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran*, Sremski Karlovci*, Stara Pazova*, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin*, Titel*, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas*, Vrnjacka Banja, Zabalj*, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste*, Zitorada;

cities: Beograd, Cacak, Jagodina, Kikinda*, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pirot, Pozarevac, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Valjevo, Vranje, Vrsac*, Zajecar, Zrenjanin*

", @@ -545,18 +547,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina (250 seats; members directly elected by party list proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 21 June 2020 (originally scheduled for 26 April 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic) (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) -  men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%" - }, - "note": "note: seats by party as of May 2019  - SNS 91, SRS 22, SPS 20, DS 13, SDPS 10, PUPS 9, Dveri 6, JS 6, LDP 4, SDS 4, SVM 4, other 36, independent 25; composition - men 157, women 93, percent of women 37.2%" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Aleksandar VUCIC (since 31 May 2017)" @@ -574,6 +564,17 @@ "text": "Aleksandar VUCIC elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 55.1%, Sasa JANKOVIC (independent) 16.4%, Luka MAKSIMOVIC (independent) 9.4%, Vuk JEREMIC (independent) 5.7%, Vojislav SESELJ (SRS) 4.5%, Bosko OBRADOVIC (Dveri) 2.3%, other 5.0%, invalid/blank 1.6%; Prime Minister Ana BRNABIC reelected by the National Assembly on 5 October 2020" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina (250 seats; members directly elected by party list proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 21 June 2020 (originally scheduled for 26 April 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic) (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) -  men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of 36 judges, including the court president); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)" @@ -1132,7 +1133,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2019)" @@ -1174,7 +1175,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,144 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 787,266 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,165 migrants and refugees as of April 2021" + "note": "note: 789,409 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 17451e28..52c2a999 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -485,7 +485,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: related to the Romanian word \"bucura\" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is \"to be glad (happy)\"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to \"city of joy\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "related to the Romanian word \"bucura\" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is \"to be glad (happy)\"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to \"city of joy\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea" @@ -527,17 +529,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Klaus Werner IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)" @@ -555,6 +546,17 @@ "text": "Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%, Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9%; Ludovic ORBAN approved as prime minister with 240 votes" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 6e866d82..cbcb66d9 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -474,7 +474,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: likely related to the Slavic root \"ljub\", meaning \"to like\" or \"to love\"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word \"ljubljena\" meaning \"beloved\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "likely related to the Slavic root \"ljub\", meaning \"to like\" or \"to love\"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word \"ljubljena\" meaning \"beloved\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

201 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)

municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica,

Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk

urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

" @@ -516,17 +518,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022)
National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held no later than 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012)" @@ -544,6 +535,17 @@ "text": "
2017: Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%; Janez JANSA (SDS) elected prime minister on 3 March 2020, National Assembly vote - 52-31

2012: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR (SD) 67.4%, Danilo TURK (independent) 32.6%; note - a snap election was held on 13 July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK on 5 May 2014; Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022)
National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held no later than 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index d46ba494..e37a1f9a 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -390,7 +390,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle" @@ -432,20 +434,9 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by December 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - PDCS 33.3%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 24.7% (RETE Movement 18.2%, Domani Motus Liberi 6.2%, other 0.3%), Free San Marino 16.5%, We for the Republic 13.1%, Future Republic 10.3%, I Elect for a New Republic 2%; seats by coalition/party - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, Domani Motus Liberi 4), Free San Marino 10, We for the Republic 8, Future Republic 6; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Alessandro CARDELLI and Captain Regent Mirko DOLCINI (for the period 1 October 2020 - 31 March 2021)" + "text": "co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Giancarlo VENTURINI and Captain Regent Marco NICOLINI (for the period 1 April 2021 - 1 October 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)" @@ -461,6 +452,17 @@ }, "note": "note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by December 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - PDCS 33.3%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 24.7% (RETE Movement 18.2%, Domani Motus Liberi 6.2%, other 0.3%), Free San Marino 16.5%, We for the Republic 13.1%, Future Republic 10.3%, I Elect for a New Republic 2%; seats by coalition/party - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, Domani Motus Liberi 4), Free San Marino 10, We for the Republic 8, Future Republic 6; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court" @@ -821,11 +823,11 @@ "Military and security forces": { "text": "No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings); the Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters (2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index ebd00bd8..e829b66f 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -499,7 +499,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)

etymology: the Romans named the original settlement \"Matrice\" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became \"Majerit,\" meaning \"source of water\"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became \"Matrit,\" which over time changed to \"Madrid\"" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the Romans named the original settlement \"Matrice\" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became \"Majerit,\" meaning \"source of water\"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became \"Matrit,\" which over time changed to \"Madrid\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia; Aragon; Asturias; Canarias (Canary Islands); Cantabria; Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-Leon; Cataluna (Castilian), Catalunya (Catalan), Catalonha (Aranese) [Catalonia]; Ceuta*; Comunidad Valenciana (Castilian), Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian) [Valencian Community]; Extremadura; Galicia; Illes Baleares (Balearic Islands); La Rioja; Madrid; Melilla*; Murcia; Navarra (Castilian), Nafarroa (Basque) [Navarre]; Pais Vasco (Castilian), Euskadi (Basque) [Basque Country]", @@ -542,17 +547,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:
Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)
Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)
Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39%
Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,  Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total  General Courts percent of women 43.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR, Princess of Asturias (daughter of the monarch, born 31 October 2005)" @@ -571,6 +565,17 @@ }, "note": "note: there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:
Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)
Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)
Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39%
Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,  Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total  General Courts percent of women 43.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room, with a president and 9 judges; the Penal Room, with a president and 14 judges; the Administrative Room, with a president and 32 judges; the Social Room, with a president and 12 judges; and the Military Room, with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)" @@ -1159,7 +1164,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE, includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA); Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) (2021)", - "note": "note: the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance" + "note": "note - the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { @@ -1211,7 +1216,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,914 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 229,740 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 193,257 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 16fc8613..2398a711 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -177,12 +177,12 @@ "text": "12th century Norse accounts speak of the discovery of a \"Svalbard\" - literally \"cold shores\" - but they may have referred to Jan Mayen Island or eastern Greenland; the archipelago was traditionally known as Spitsbergen, but Norway renamed it Svalbard in the 1920s when it assumed sovereignty of the islands" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920), sovereignty was awarded to Norway" - }, "Government type": { "text": "non-self-governing territory of Norway" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920), sovereignty was awarded to Norway" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Longyearbyen" @@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906" + } }, "Independence": { "text": "none (territory of Norway)" @@ -207,17 +209,6 @@ "Citizenship": { "text": "see Norway" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Longyearbyen Community Council (15 seats; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year-terms); note - the Council acts very much like a Norwegian municipality, responsible for infrastructure and utilities, including power, land-use and community planning, education, and child welfare; however, healthcare services are provided by the state" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "seats by party - Conservatives 5, Labor Party 5, Liberals 3, Green Party 2" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince Haakon MAGNUS (son of the king, born 20 July 1973)" @@ -229,6 +220,17 @@ "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Longyearbyen Community Council (15 seats; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year-terms); note - the Council acts very much like a Norwegian municipality, responsible for infrastructure and utilities, including power, land-use and community planning, education, and child welfare; however, healthcare services are provided by the state" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "seats by party - Conservatives 5, Labor Party 5, Liberals 3, Green Party 2" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "none; note - Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index d04ca377..464cd8ad 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -469,7 +469,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: \"stock\" and \"holm\" literally mean \"log\" and \"islet\" in Swedish, but there is no consensus as to what the words refer to" + "etymology": { + "text": "\"stock\" and \"holm\" literally mean \"log\" and \"islet\" in Swedish, but there is no consensus as to what the words refer to" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland" @@ -511,17 +513,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; 310 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 39 members in \"at-large\" seats directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 9 September 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - SAP 28.3%, M 19.8%, SD 17.5%, C 8.6%, V 8%, KD 6.3%, L 5.5%, MP 4.4%, other 1.6%; seats by party - SAP 100, M 70, SD 62, C 31, V 28, KD 22, L 20, MP 16; composition - men 188, women 161, percent of women 46.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree (daughter of the monarch, born 14 July 1977)" @@ -536,6 +527,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; 310 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 39 members in \"at-large\" seats directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 9 September 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - SAP 28.3%, M 19.8%, SD 17.5%, C 8.6%, V 8%, KD 6.3%, L 5.5%, MP 4.4%, other 1.6%; seats by party - SAP 100, M 70, SD 62, C 31, V 28, KD 22, L 20, MP 16; composition - men 188, women 161, percent of women 46.1%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index c84ec527..849a056b 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -464,7 +464,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement  " + "etymology": { + "text": "origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Geneve (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich", @@ -507,17 +509,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:
Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons which use proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)
National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)
National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, other 1; composition - NA
National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, CVP 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 10.1%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP 29, Green Party 28, CVP 25, GLP 16, other 10; composition - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42% (e.g. 2019)" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "

President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2021); Vice President  Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2021); note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president

" @@ -535,6 +526,17 @@ "text": "Guy PARMELIN elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 192 of 205; Ignazio CASSIS elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 162 of 199" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:
Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons which use proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)
National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)
National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, other 1; composition - NA
National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, CVP 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 10.1%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP 29, Green Party 28, CVP 25, GLP 16, other 10; composition - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42% (e.g. 2019)" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions)" @@ -1110,6 +1112,9 @@ "text": "Swiss Armed Forces: Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1121,9 +1126,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 43b6e7b2..03922fc0 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -474,7 +474,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories

etymology: the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain" + "time zone note": { + "text": "the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

England: 26 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*);

two-tier counties: Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire

London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster

metropolitan districts: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton

unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York

Northern Ireland: 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils;

borough councils: Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim

district councils: Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down

city councils: Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh

Scotland: 32 council areas;

council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian

Wales: 22 unitary authorities;

unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham

" @@ -519,17 +524,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2019, 796 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 679 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence
House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)
House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
House of Lords - composition - men 579, women 217, percent of women 27.3%
House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 43.6%, Labor 32.1%, Lib Dems 11.6%, SNP 3.9%, Greens 2.7%, Brexit Party 2.0%, other 4.1%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 9; composition - men 430, women 220, percent of women 34%; total Parliament percent of women 30.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948)" @@ -545,6 +539,17 @@ }, "note": "note: in addition to serving as the UK head of state, the British sovereign is the constitutional monarch for 15 additional Commonwealth countries (these 16 states are each referred to as a Commonwealth realm)" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2019, 796 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 679 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence
House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)
House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
House of Lords - composition - men 579, women 217, percent of women 27.3%
House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 43.6%, Labor 32.1%, Lib Dems 11.6%, SNP 3.9%, Greens 2.7%, Brexit Party 2.0%, other 4.1%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 9; composition - men 430, women 220, percent of women 34%; total Parliament percent of women 30.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president); note - the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and implemented in 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom" @@ -1167,13 +1172,13 @@ "text": "the inventory of the British military is comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of armaments to the UK since 2010; the UK defense industry is capable of producing a wide variety of air, land, and sea weapons systems and is one of the world's top weapons suppliers (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 850 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK withdrew all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,400 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approx. 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)" - }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; conscription abolished in 1963 (2021)" + "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 830 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK withdrew all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,400 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approx. 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the UK is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; conscription abolished in 1963 (2021)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index ca1bdb39..c7f0319e 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -485,7 +485,10 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: pronounced KAY-yiv

etymology: the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him" + }, + "note": "note: pronounced KAY-yiv" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities** (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol), Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro), Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnytskyi), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol**, Sumy, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Volyn (Lutsk), Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyr", @@ -528,6 +531,24 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "President Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (since 20 May 2019)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "Prime Minister Denys SHMYHAL (since 4 March 2020)" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada" + }, + "elections/appointments": { + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 March and 21 April 2019 (next to be held in March 2024); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
2019: Volodymyr ZELENSKYY elected president; first round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (Opposition Platform-For Life) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; second round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 24.5%; Denys SHMYHAL (independent) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 291-59

2014: Petro POROSHENKO elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO (independent) 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO (Radical Party) 8.4%, other 24.2%; Volodymyr HROYSMAN (BPP) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 257-50" + }, + "note": "note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president" + }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 225 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 225 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" @@ -539,24 +560,6 @@ "text": "percent of vote by party - Servant of the People 43.2%, Opposition Platform-For Life 13.1%, Batkivshchyna 8.2%, European Solidarity 8.1%, Voice 5.8%, other 21.6%; seats by party (preliminary) - Servant of the People 254, Oposition Platform for Life 43, Batkivshchyna 26, European Solidarity 25, Voice 20, Opposition Bloc 6, Samopomich 1, Svoboda 1, other parties 2, independent 46; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 26 seats vacant; although this brings the total to 424 elected members (of 450 potential), article 83 of the constitution mandates that a parliamentary majority consists of 226 seats" } }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "President Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (since 20 May 2019)" - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Denys SHMYHAL (since 4 March 2020)" - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada " - }, - "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 March and 21 April 2019 (next to be held in March 2024); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "first round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (Opposition Platform-For Life) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; second round results: percent of vote - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 24.5%; Denys SHMYHAL (independent) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 291-59" - }, - "note": "note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president" - }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)" @@ -1148,7 +1151,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 68def019..366b60a5 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -251,17 +251,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 July 2018" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "composition - men 7, women 0" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)" @@ -279,6 +268,17 @@ "text": "Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 July 2018" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "composition - men 7, women 0" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 59835764..68609b2d 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -463,7 +463,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: in Arabic, \"abu\" means \"father\" and \"dhabi\" refers to \"gazelle\"; the name may derive from an abundance of gazelles that used to live in the area, as well as a folk tale involving the \"Father of the Gazelle,\" Shakhbut bin Dhiyab al Nahyan, whose hunting party tracked a gazelle to a spring on the island where Abu Dhabi was founded" + "etymology": { + "text": "in Arabic, \"abu\" means \"father\" and \"dhabi\" refers to \"gazelle\"; the name may derive from an abundance of gazelles that used to live in the area, as well as a folk tale involving the \"Father of the Gazelle,\" Shakhbut bin Dhiyab al Nahyan, whose hunting party tracked a gazelle to a spring on the island where Abu Dhabi was founded" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn" @@ -505,17 +507,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "limited; note - rulers of the seven emirates each select a proportion of voters for the Federal National Council (FNC) that together account for about 12 percent of Emirati citizens" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members indirectly elected using single non-transferable vote by an electoral college whose members are selected by each emirate ruler proportional to its FNC membership, and 20 members appointed by the rulers of the 7 constituent states; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held for indirectly elected members on 5 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "all candidates ran as independents; seats by emirate - Abu Dhabi 4, Dubai 4, Sharjah 3, Ras al-Khaimah 3, Ajman 2, Fujairah 2, Umm al-Quwain 2; composition (preliminary) - 13 men, 7 women, percent of elected women 35%; note - to attain overall FNC gender parity, 13 women and 7 men will be appointed; overall FNC percent of women 50%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 2 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006)" @@ -534,6 +525,17 @@ }, "note": "note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the 7 emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets 4 times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members indirectly elected using single non-transferable vote by an electoral college whose members are selected by each emirate ruler proportional to its FNC membership, and 20 members appointed by the rulers of the 7 constituent states; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held for indirectly elected members on 5 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "all candidates ran as independents; seats by emirate - Abu Dhabi 4, Dubai 4, Sharjah 3, Ras al-Khaimah 3, Ajman 2, Fujairah 2, Umm al-Quwain 2; composition (preliminary) - 13 men, 7 women, percent of elected women 35%; note - to attain overall FNC gender parity, 13 women and 7 men will be appointed; overall FNC percent of women 50%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges; jurisdiction limited to federal cases)" diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index be1d5a0c..e570a976 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -477,7 +477,10 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "does not observe daylight savings time" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from the Persian designation of the city \"bad-kube\" meaning \"wind-pounded city\" and refers to the harsh winds and severe snow storms that can hit the city\r\n

note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Persian designation of the city \"bad-kube\" meaning \"wind-pounded city\" and refers to the harsh winds and severe snow storms that can hit the city" + }, + "note": "note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

66 districts (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular);

rayons: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab

cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax

" @@ -519,17 +522,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held early on 9 February 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 70, CSP 3, AVP 1, CUP 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, PDR 1, Great Order 1, VP 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, independent 41, vacant 4; composition - men 103, women 22, percent of women 17.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003); First Vice President Mehriban ALIYEVA (since 21 February 2017)" @@ -548,6 +540,17 @@ }, "note": "note: OSCE observers noted shortcomings in the election, including a restrictive political environment, limits on fundamental freedoms, a lack of genuine competition, and ballot box stuffing" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held early on 9 February 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 70, CSP 3, AVP 1, CUP 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, PDR 1, Great Order 1, VP 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, independent 41, vacant 4; composition - men 103, women 22, percent of women 17.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" @@ -1103,6 +1106,9 @@ "text": "Land Forces (Combined Arms Army), Air Forces, Navy Forces; Ministry of Internal Affairs: State Border Service (includes Coast Guard), Internal Security Troops (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1114,9 +1120,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1128,11 +1131,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "120 Afghanistan (NATO) (2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2020)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,000 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swathes of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remain high, and Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory including along a lake shared by the two countries since the fighting ended" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 7b46e1d3..3a08fb1e 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -468,7 +468,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name likely derives from the ancient Urartian fortress of Erebuni established on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C. and whose impresive ruins still survive" + "etymology": { + "text": "name likely derives from the ancient Urartian fortress of Erebuni established on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C. and whose impresive ruins still survive" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan" @@ -510,17 +512,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (minimum 101 seats, current - 132; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote; the quota for the proportion of women MPs on each party list must be at least one of three candidates; political parties must meet a 5% threshold and alliances a 7% threshold to win seats; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held early on 20 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Civil Contract 53.9%, Armenia Alliance 21.0%, I Have Honour Alliance 5.2%; seats by party - Civil Contract 72 of 105 seats, Armenia Alliance 27, I Have Honour Alliance 6; composition - men 101, women 31, percent of women 23.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Armen SARKISSIAN (since 9 April 2018)" @@ -539,6 +530,17 @@ }, "note": "note: After initially winning election on 8 May 2018, Nikol PASHINYAN resigned his post (but stayed on as acting prime minister) on 16 October 2018 to force a snap election (held on 9 December 2018) in which his bloc won more than 70% of the vote; PASHINYAN was reappointed prime minister on 14 January 2019" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (minimum 101 seats, current - 132; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote; the quota for the proportion of women MPs on each party list must be at least one of three candidates; political parties must meet a 5% threshold and alliances a 7% threshold to win seats; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held early on 20 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Civil Contract 53.9%, Armenia Alliance 21.0%, I Have Honour Alliance 5.2%; seats by party - Civil Contract 72 of 105 seats, Armenia Alliance 27, I Have Honour Alliance 6; composition - men 101, women 31, percent of women 23.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation (consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges – with both civil and administrative specializations); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" @@ -558,7 +560,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant since late July 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant since late July 2021); note: President Armen SARKISSIAN appointed Lilit MAKUNTS as the Armenian Ambassador to the U.S. on 05 August 2021" }, "chancery": { "text": "2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -1073,6 +1075,9 @@ "text": "Armenian Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "4.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1084,9 +1089,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index 316d8b91..fc85bc53 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -444,7 +444,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the Arabic \"al-manama\" meaning \"place of rest\" or \"place of dreams\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Arabic \"al-manama\" meaning \"place of rest\" or \"place of dreams\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Asimah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern)", @@ -487,17 +489,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "20 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (40 seats; members appointed by the king)
Council of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (40 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year renewable terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Consultative Council - last appointments on 12 December 2018 (next NA)
Council of Representatives - first round for 9 members held on 24 November 2018; second round for remaining 31 members held on 1 December 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Consultative Council - composition - men 31, women 9, percent of women 22.5%

Council of Representatives (for 2018 election)  - percent of vote by society - NA; seats by society - Islamic Al-Asalah (Sunni Salafi) 3, Minbar al-Taqadumi (Communist) 2, National Unity Gathering (Sunni progovernment) 1, National Islamic Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 1, independent 33; composition - men 34, women 6, percent of women 15%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 19%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999)" @@ -512,6 +503,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (40 seats; members appointed by the king)
Council of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (40 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year renewable terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Consultative Council - last appointments on 12 December 2018 (next NA)
Council of Representatives - first round for 9 members held on 24 November 2018; second round for remaining 31 members held on 1 December 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Consultative Council - composition - men 31, women 9, percent of women 22.5%

Council of Representatives (for 2018 election)  - percent of vote by society - NA; seats by society - Islamic Al-Asalah (Sunni Salafi) 3, Minbar al-Taqadumi (Communist) 2, National Unity Gathering (Sunni progovernment) 1, National Islamic Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 1, independent 33; composition - men 34, women 6, percent of women 15%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 19%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the president and 6 members); High Sharia Court of Appeal (court sittings include the president and at least one judge)" diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index f818fe17..34b48c5f 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -477,7 +477,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name in Georgian means \"warm place,\" referring to the numerous sulfuric hot springs in the area" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name in Georgian means \"warm place,\" referring to the numerous sulfuric hot springs in the area" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "

9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)

regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti

city: Tbilisi

autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)

", @@ -520,17 +522,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Sakartvelos Parlamenti (150 seats; 120 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 30 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by at least 50% majority vote, with a runoff if needed; no party earning less than 40% of total votes may claim a majority; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 31 October and 21 November 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 48.2%, UNM 27.2%, European Georgia 3.8%, Lelo 3.2%, Strategy 3.2%, Alliance of Patriots 3.1%, Girchi 2.9%, Citizens 1.3%, Labor 1%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 90, UNM 36, European Georgia 5, Lelo 4, Strategy 4, Alliance of Patriots 4, Girchi 4, Citizens 2, Labor 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Salome ZOURABICHVILI (since 16 December 2018)" @@ -548,6 +539,17 @@ "text": "Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Sakartvelos Parlamenti (150 seats; 120 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 30 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by at least 50% majority vote, with a runoff if needed; no party earning less than 40% of total votes may claim a majority; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 31 October and 21 November 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 48.2%, UNM 27.2%, European Georgia 3.8%, Lelo 3.2%, Strategy 3.2%, Alliance of Patriots 3.1%, Girchi 2.9%, Citizens 1.3%, Labor 1%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 90, UNM 36, European Georgia 5, Lelo 4, Strategy 4, Alliance of Patriots 4, Girchi 4, Citizens 2, Labor 1" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges); note - the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts" @@ -1110,6 +1112,9 @@ "text": "Georgian Defense Forces: Land Forces (includes Aviation and Air Defense Forces), Special Operations Forces, National Guard; Ministry of the Interior: Border Police, Coast Guard (includes Georgian naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1121,9 +1126,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index f914d74b..f76bda05 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -509,7 +509,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September" }, - "note": "etymology: various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words \"tah\" meaning \"end or bottom\" and \"ran\" meaning \"[mountain] slope\" to signify \"bottom of the mountain slope\"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains" + "etymology": { + "text": "various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words \"tah\" meaning \"end or bottom\" and \"ran\" meaning \"[mountain] slope\" to signify \"bottom of the mountain slope\"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "31 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan" @@ -551,17 +553,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; 285 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by 2-round vote, and 1 seat each for Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, Armenians in the north of the country and Armenians in the south; members serve 4-year terms); note - all candidates to the Majles must be approved by the Council of Guardians, a 12-member group of which 6 are appointed by the supreme leader and 6 are jurists nominated by the judiciary and elected by the Majles" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "first round held on 21 February 2020 and second round for 11 remaining seats held on 11 September 2020 (next full Majles election to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by coalition (first round) - NA; seats by coalition (first round) - conservatives 219, reformists 20, independents 35, religious minorities 5; remaining 11 seats to be decided in April 2020" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)" @@ -580,6 +571,17 @@ }, "note": "note: 3 oversight bodies are also considered part of the executive branch of government" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; 285 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by 2-round vote, and 1 seat each for Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, Armenians in the north of the country and Armenians in the south; members serve 4-year terms); note - all candidates to the Majles must be approved by the Council of Guardians, a 12-member group of which 6 are appointed by the supreme leader and 6 are jurists nominated by the judiciary and elected by the Majles" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "first round held on 21 February 2020 and second round for 11 remaining seats held on 11 September 2020 (next full Majles election to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by coalition (first round) - NA; seats by coalition (first round) - conservatives 219, reformists 20, independents 35, religious minorities 5; remaining 11 seats to be decided in April 2020" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into 42 two-bench branches, each with a justice and a judge)" diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 969b3229..3cacc589 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -474,7 +474,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; \"uru-shalim\" likely means \"foundation of [by] the god Shalim\", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic \"yry\", \"to found or lay a cornerstone\", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for \"peace\" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as \"The City of Peace\" or \"The Abode of Peace\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; \"uru-shalim\" likely means \"foundation of [by] the god Shalim\", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic \"yry\", \"to found or lay a cornerstone\", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for \"peace\" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as \"The City of Peace\" or \"The Abode of Peace\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv" @@ -517,20 +519,9 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Knesset (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3.25% vote threshold to gain representation; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23 March 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent by party - Likud 24.2%, Yesh Atid 13.9%, Shas 7.2%, Blue and White 6.6%, Yamina 6.2%, Labor 6.1%, UTJ 5.6%, Yisrael Beiteinu 5.6%, Religious Zionist Party 5.1%, Joint List 4.8%, New Hope 4.7%, Meretz 4.6%, Ra'am 3.8%, other 0.5%; seats by party - Likud 30, Yesh Atid 17, Shas 9, Blue and White 8, Yamina 7, Labor 7, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 7, Religious Zionist Party 6, Joint List 6, New Hope 6, Meretz 6, Ra'am 4 - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Issac HERZOG (since 7 July 2021)" + "text": "President Isaac HERZOG (since 7 July 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Naftali BENNETT (since 13 June 2021)" @@ -545,6 +536,17 @@ "text": "Issac HERZOG elected president; Knesset vote - Issac HERZOG (independent) 87, Miriam PERETZ (independent) 26, invalid/blank 7" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Knesset (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3.25% vote threshold to gain representation; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 23 March 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent by party - Likud 24.2%, Yesh Atid 13.9%, Shas 7.2%, Blue and White 6.6%, Yamina 6.2%, Labor 6.1%, UTJ 5.6%, Yisrael Beiteinu 5.6%, Religious Zionist Party 5.1%, Joint List 4.8%, New Hope 4.7%, Meretz 4.6%, Ra'am 3.8%, other 0.5%; seats by party - Likud 30, Yesh Atid 17, Shas 9, Blue and White 8, Yamina 7, Labor 7, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 7, Religious Zionist Party 6, Joint List 6, New Hope 6, Meretz 6, Ra'am 4 - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the president, deputy president, 13 justices, and 2 registrars) and normally sits in panels of 3 justices; in special cases, the panel is expanded with an uneven number of justices" diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index a1bd5a23..da30ac28 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -484,7 +484,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "although the origin of the name is disputed, it likely has compound Persian roots with \"bagh\" and \"dad\" meaning \"god\" and \"given\" respectively to create the meaning of \"bestowed by God\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "although the origin of the name is disputed, it likely has compound Persian roots with \"bagh\" and \"dad\" meaning \"god\" and \"given\" respectively to create the meaning of \"bestowed by God\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)) and 1 region*; Al Anbar; Al Basrah; Al Muthanna; Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah); An Najaf; Arbil (Erbil) (Arabic), Hewler (Kurdish); As Sulaymaniyah (Arabic), Slemani (Kurdish); Babil; Baghdad; Dahuk (Arabic), Dihok (Kurdish); Dhi Qar; Diyala; Karbala'; Kirkuk; Kurdistan Regional Government*; Maysan; Ninawa; Salah ad Din; Wasit" @@ -526,17 +528,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Council of Representatives or Majlis an-Nuwwab al-Iraqiyy (329 seats; 320 members directly elected in 83 multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 9 seats at the national level reserved for minorities - 5 for Christians, 1 each for Sabaean-Mandaeans, Yazidis, Shabaks, Fayli Kurds; 25% of seats allocated to women; members serve 4-year terms); note - in early November 2020, the president ratified a new electoral law - approved by the Council of Representatives in late October - that eliminates the proportional representation electoral system" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 12 May 2018 (next to be held on 10 October 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Sa'irun Alliance 54, Al Fatah Alliance 48, Al Nasr Alliance 42, KDP 25, State of Law Coalition 25, Wataniyah 21, National Wisdom Trend 19, PUK 18, Iraqi Decision Alliance 14, Anbar Our Identity 6, Goran Movement 5, New Generation 4, other 48; composition - men 245, women 84, percent of women 25.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Barham SALIH (since 2 October 2018); vice presidents (vacant)" @@ -554,6 +545,17 @@ "text": "

2018: COR vote in first round - Barham SALIH (PUK) 165, Fuad HUSAYN (KDP) 90; Barham SALIH elected president in second round - Barham SALIH 219, Fuad HUSAYN 22; note - the COR vote on 1 October 2018 failed due to a lack of quorum, and a new session was held on 2 October

2014: Fuad MASUM elected president; Council of Representatives vote - Fuad MASUM (PUK) 211, Barham SALIH (PUK) 17; Haydar al-ABADI (Da'wa Party) approved as prime minister

" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Council of Representatives or Majlis an-Nuwwab al-Iraqiyy (329 seats; 320 members directly elected in 83 multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 9 seats at the national level reserved for minorities - 5 for Christians, 1 each for Sabaean-Mandaeans, Yazidis, Shabaks, Fayli Kurds; 25% of seats allocated to women; members serve 4-year terms); note - in early November 2020, the president ratified a new electoral law - approved by the Council of Representatives in late October - that eliminates the proportional representation electoral system" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 12 May 2018 (next to be held on 10 October 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Sa'irun Alliance 54, Al Fatah Alliance 48, Al Nasr Alliance 42, KDP 25, State of Law Coalition 25, Wataniyah 21, National Wisdom Trend 19, PUK 18, Iraqi Decision Alliance 14, Anbar Our Identity 6, Goran Movement 5, New Generation 4, other 48; composition - men 245, women 84, percent of women 25.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government; Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index bc31048d..d7b52618 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <0.1, folk <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1, other <0.1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <0.1%, folk <0.1%, other <0.1%, unaffiliated <0.1% (2020 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -488,7 +488,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Friday in March; ends last Friday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their main city \"Rabbath Ammon\"; \"rabbath\" designated \"capital,\" so the name meant \"The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites]\"; over time, the \"Rabbath\" came to be dropped and the city became known simply as \"Ammon\" and then \"Amman\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their main city \"Rabbath Ammon\"; \"rabbath\" designated \"capital,\" so the name meant \"The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites]\"; over time, the \"Rabbath\" came to be dropped and the city became known simply as \"Ammon\" and then \"Amman\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba" @@ -530,17 +532,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of:
Senate or the House of Notables or Majlis al-Ayan (65 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwaab (130 seats; 115 members directly elected in 23 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote and 15 seats for women; 12 of the 115 seats reserved for Christian, Chechen, and Circassian candidates; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Chamber of Deputies - note - tribal, centrist, and pro-government candidates dominated in the 130-seat election; the Islamic Action Front, the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood, garnered only 10 seats, down from 15 in the previous election; women, who are guaranteed 15 seats by Jordan’s legislative quota system, only won the requisite number, down from the 20 seats won in the previous election

 

" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HUSSEIN (eldest son of the monarch, born on 28 June 1994)" @@ -555,6 +546,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of:
Senate or the House of Notables or Majlis al-Ayan (65 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwaab (130 seats; 115 members directly elected in 23 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote and 15 seats for women; 12 of the 115 seats reserved for Christian, Chechen, and Circassian candidates; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Chamber of Deputies - note - tribal, centrist, and pro-government candidates dominated in the 130-seat election; the Islamic Action Front, the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood, garnered only 10 seats, down from 15 in the previous election; women, who are guaranteed 15 seats by Jordan’s legislative quota system, only won the requisite number, down from the 20 seats won in the previous election

 

" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index f86f165c..b6823a19 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Kuwaiti 30.4%, other Arab 27.4%, Asian 40.3%, African 1%, other .9% (includes European, North American, South American, and Australian) (2018 est.)" + "text": "Kuwaiti 30.4%, other Arab 27.4%, Asian 40.3%, African 1%, other 0.9% (includes European, North American, South American, and Australian) (2018 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -439,7 +439,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from Arabic \"al-Kuwayt\" a diminutive of \"kut\" meaning \"fortress,\" possibly a reference to a small castle built on the current location of Kuwait City by the Beni Khaled tribe in the 17th century" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from Arabic \"al-Kuwayt\" a diminutive of \"kut\" meaning \"fortress,\" possibly a reference to a small castle built on the current location of Kuwait City by the Beni Khaled tribe in the 17th century" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "6 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al 'Asimah, Al Farwaniyah, Al Jahra', Hawalli, Mubarak al Kabir" @@ -481,18 +483,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age and at least 20-year citizenship" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (65 seats; 50 members directly elected from 5 multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 15 ex-officio members (cabinet ministers) appointed by the amir; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "all candidates ran as independents, though nearly half were oppositionists; composition - men 50, women 0, percent of women 0%" - }, - "note": "note: seats as of May 2019 -  oppositionists and independents, including populists, Islamists, and liberals 25, pro-government loyalists 25; composition as of May 2019 for elected members only - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2% " - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Amir NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 30 September 2020); Crown Prince Sheikh MESHAAL Al Ahmad Al Sabah, born in 1940, is the brother of Amir NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah" @@ -507,6 +497,18 @@ "text": "amir chosen from within the ruling family, confirmed by the National Assembly; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the amir; crown prince appointed by the amir and approved by the National Assembly" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (65 seats; 50 members directly elected from 5 multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 15 ex-officio members (cabinet ministers) appointed by the amir; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 5 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "all candidates ran as independents, though nearly half were oppositionists; composition - men 50, women 0, percent of women 0%" + }, + "note": "note: seats as of May 2019 -  oppositionists and independents, including populists, Islamists, and liberals 25, pro-government loyalists 25; composition as of May 2019 for elected members only - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2% " + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges); Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (organized into several circuits, each with 5 judges)" diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 8c3e66aa..4a03482c 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -459,7 +459,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: derived from the Canaanite or Phoenician word \"ber'ot,\" meaning \"the wells\" or \"fountain,\" which referred to the site's accessible water table" + "etymology": { + "text": "derived from the Canaanite or Phoenician word \"ber'ot,\" meaning \"the wells\" or \"fountain,\" which referred to the site's accessible water table" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "8 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Aakkar, Baalbek-Hermel, Beqaa (Bekaa), Beyrouth (Beirut), Liban-Nord (North Lebanon), Liban-Sud (South Lebanon), Mont-Liban (Mount Lebanon), Nabatiye" @@ -501,18 +503,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; authorized for all men and women regardless of religion; excludes persons convicted of felonies and other crimes or those imprisoned; excludes all military and security service personnel regardless of rank" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Nuwab in Arabic or Assemblee Nationale in French (128 seats; members directly elected by listed-based proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); prior to 2017, the electoral system was by majoritarian vote" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 May 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by coalition - NA; seats by coalition – Strong Lebanon Bloc (Free Patriotic Movement-led) 25; Future Bloc (Future Movement-led) 20; Development and Liberation Bloc (Amal Movement-led) 16; Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc (Hizballah-led) 15; Strong Republic Bloc (Lebanese Forces-led) 15; Democratic Gathering (Progressive Socialist Party-led) 9; Independent Centre Bloc 4; National Bloc (Marada Movement-led) 3; Syrian Social Nationalist Party 3; Tashnaq 3; Kata’ib 3; other 8; independent 4;  composition - men 122, women 6, percent of women 4.6%" - }, - "note": "note: Lebanon’s constitution states the National Assembly cannot conduct regular business until it elects a president when the position is vacant" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Michel AWN (since 31 October 2016)" @@ -530,6 +520,18 @@ "text": "Michel AWN elected president in second round; National Assembly vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83 votes; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed because the Assembly lacked the necessary quorum to hold a vote; the president was finally elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Nuwab in Arabic or Assemblee Nationale in French (128 seats; members directly elected by listed-based proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); prior to 2017, the electoral system was by majoritarian vote" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 May 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by coalition - NA; seats by coalition – Strong Lebanon Bloc (Free Patriotic Movement-led) 25; Future Bloc (Future Movement-led) 20; Development and Liberation Bloc (Amal Movement-led) 16; Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc (Hizballah-led) 15; Strong Republic Bloc (Lebanese Forces-led) 15; Democratic Gathering (Progressive Socialist Party-led) 9; Independent Centre Bloc 4; National Bloc (Marada Movement-led) 3; Syrian Social Nationalist Party 3; Tashnaq 3; Kata’ib 3; other 8; independent 4;  composition - men 122, women 6, percent of women 4.6%" + }, + "note": "note: Lebanon’s constitution states the National Assembly cannot conduct regular business until it elects a president when the position is vacant" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (organized into 8 chambers, each with a presiding judge and 2 associate judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 10 members)" diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 267d0da3..26791287 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -475,7 +475,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name, whose meaning is uncertain, traces back almost two millennia; two 2nd century A.D. scholars, the geographer Ptolemy and the historian Arrian, both mention an Arabian Sea coastal town of Moscha, which most likely referred to Muscat" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name, whose meaning is uncertain, traces back almost two millennia; two 2nd century A.D. scholars, the geographer Ptolemy and the historian Arrian, both mention an Arabian Sea coastal town of Moscha, which most likely referred to Muscat" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "11 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafaza); Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Buraymi, Al Wusta, Az Zahirah, Janub al Batinah (Al Batinah South), Janub ash Sharqiyah (Ash Sharqiyah South), Masqat (Muscat), Musandam, Shamal al Batinah (Al Batinah North), Shamal ash Sharqiyah (Ash Sharqiyah North), Zufar (Dhofar)" @@ -517,17 +519,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "21 years of age; universal; note - members of the military and security forces by law cannot vote" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Council of Oman or Majlis Oman consists of:
Council of State or Majlis al-Dawla (85 seats including the chairman; members appointed by the sultan from among former government officials and prominent educators, businessmen, and citizens)
Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (86 seats; members directly elected in single- and 2-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve renewable 4-year terms); note - since political reforms in 2011, legislation from the Consultative Council is submitted to the Council of State for review by the Royal Court" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Council of State - last appointments on 11 July 2019 (next - NA)
Consultative Assembly - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Council of State - composition - men 70, women 15, percent of women 17.6%
Consultative Council percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA (organized political parties in Oman are legally banned); composition men 84, women 2, percent of women 2.3%; note - total Council of Oman percent of women 9.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Sultan and Prime Minister HAYTHAM bin Tariq bin Taimur Al-Said (since 11 January 2020); note - the monarch is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -542,6 +533,17 @@ "text": "members of the Ruling Family Council determine a successor from the sultan's extended family; if the Council cannot form a consensus within 3 days of the sultan's death or incapacitation, the Defense Council will relay a predetermined heir as chosen by the sultan" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Council of Oman or Majlis Oman consists of:
Council of State or Majlis al-Dawla (85 seats including the chairman; members appointed by the sultan from among former government officials and prominent educators, businessmen, and citizens)
Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (86 seats; members directly elected in single- and 2-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve renewable 4-year terms); note - since political reforms in 2011, legislation from the Consultative Council is submitted to the Council of State for review by the Royal Court" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Council of State - last appointments on 11 July 2019 (next - NA)
Consultative Assembly - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Council of State - composition - men 70, women 15, percent of women 17.6%
Consultative Council percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA (organized political parties in Oman are legally banned); composition men 84, women 2, percent of women 2.3%; note - total Council of Oman percent of women 9.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 judges)" @@ -1121,11 +1123,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of older and some more modern weapons systems from a variety of suppliers, particularly Europe and the US; since 2010, the UK is the leading provider of armaments to Oman, followed by the US (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2019)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-003A Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Red Sea-Threats to US and International Shipping from Iran) effective 26 February 2021, which states in part that \"heightened military activities and increased political tensions in this region continue to present risk to commercial shipping...there is a continued possibility that Iran and/or its regional proxies could take actions against US and partner interests in the region\"; Coalition Task Force (CTF) Sentinel has been established to provide escorts for commercial shipping transiting the Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and Gulf of Oman

" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 2d33a916..959e7f3d 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Muslim 65.2%, Christian 13.7%, Hindu 15.9%, Buddhist 3.8%, folk religion <.1%, Jewish <.1%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)" + "text": "Muslim 65.2%, Christian 13.7%, Hindu 15.9%, Buddhist 3.8%, folk religion <0.1%, Jewish <0.1%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -450,7 +450,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: derives from the Arabic term \"dohat,\" meaning \"roundness,\" and refers to the small rounded bays along the area's coastline" + "etymology": { + "text": "derives from the Arabic term \"dohat,\" meaning \"roundness,\" and refers to the small rounded bays along the area's coastline" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "8 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Khawr wa adh Dhakhirah, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Ash Shamal, Ash Shihaniyah, Az Za'ayin, Umm Salal" @@ -492,17 +494,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (45 seats; 30 members directly elected by popular vote for 4-year re-electable terms; 15 members appointed by the monarch to serve until resignation or until relieved; note - legislative drafting authority rests with the Council of Ministers and is reviewed by the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last on 17 June 2016 (next in 2019); note - in late 2019, the amir announced the formation of a committee to oversee preparations for the first elected council, although Doha has not selected a date for elections" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "NA; composition - men 41, women 4, percent of women 8.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Amir TAMIM bin Hamad Al Thani (since 25 June 2013)" @@ -517,6 +508,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the amir" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (45 seats; 30 members directly elected by popular vote for 4-year re-electable terms; 15 members appointed by the monarch to serve until resignation or until relieved; note - legislative drafting authority rests with the Council of Ministers and is reviewed by the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last on 17 June 2016 (next in 2019); note - in late 2019, the amir announced the formation of a committee to oversee preparations for the first elected council, although Doha has not selected a date for elections" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "NA; composition - men 41, women 4, percent of women 8.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of the court president and several judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 members)" diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 1f22352e..4dbcc81c 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -451,7 +451,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name derives from the Arabic word \"riyadh,\" meaning \"gardens,\" and refers to various oasis towns in the area that merged to form the city" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name derives from the Arabic word \"riyadh,\" meaning \"gardens,\" and refers to various oasis towns in the area that merged to form the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "13 regions (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah (Northern Border), Al Jawf, Al Madinah al Munawwarah (Medina), Al Qasim, Ar Riyad (Riyadh), Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jazan, Makkah al Mukarramah (Mecca), Najran, Tabuk" @@ -493,12 +495,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; restricted to males; universal for municipal elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (150 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms); note - in early 2013, the monarch granted women 30 seats on the Council" - }, - "note": "note: composition as of 2013 - men 121, women 30, percent of women 19.9%" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King and Prime Minister SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 23 January 2015); Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (born 31 August 1985); note - the monarch is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -513,6 +509,12 @@ "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; an Allegiance Council created by royal decree in October 2006 established a committee of Saudi princes for a voice in selecting future Saudi kings" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (150 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms); note - in early 2013, the monarch granted women 30 seats on the Council" + }, + "note": "note: composition as of 2013 - men 121, women 30, percent of women 19.9%" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court (consists of the court chief and organized into circuits with 3-judge panels, except for the criminal circuit, which has a 5-judge panel for cases involving major punishments)" diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index f30ddd76..696bf1f5 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -470,7 +470,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins midnight on the last Friday in March; ends at midnight on the last Friday in October" }, - "note": "etymology: Damascus is a very old city; its earliest name, Temeseq, first appears in an Egyptian geographical list of the 15th century B.C., but the meaning is uncertain" + "etymology": { + "text": "Damascus is a very old city; its earliest name, Temeseq, first appears in an Egyptian geographical list of the 15th century B.C., but the meaning is uncertain" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq (Damascus), Halab (Aleppo), Hamah, Hims (Homs), Idlib, Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside), Tartus" @@ -512,17 +514,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority preferential vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 19 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NPF 80%, other 20%; seats by party - NPF 200, other 50; composition - men 217, women 33, percent of women 13.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 July 2000); Vice President Najah al-ATTAR (since 23 March 2006)" @@ -540,6 +531,17 @@ "text": "Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD (Ba'th Party)95.2%, Mahmoud Ahmad MAREI (Democratic Arab Socialist Union) 3.3%, Abdullah Sallum ABDULLAH (Socialist Unionist Party) 1.5%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority preferential vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 19 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NPF 80%, other 20%; seats by party - NPF 200, other 50; composition - men 217, women 33, percent of women 13.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Cassation (organized into civil, criminal, religious, and military divisions, each with 3 judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members)" @@ -576,9 +578,6 @@ "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador (vacant); note - on 6 February 2012, the US closed its embassy in Damascus; Czechia serves as a protecting power for US interests in Syria" }, - "embassy": { - "text": "Abou Roumaneh, 2 Al Mansour Street, Damascus" - }, "mailing address": { "text": "6110 Damascus Place, Washington DC  20521-6110" }, diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 881ddc8a..5f882fa8 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -483,7 +483,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Ankara has been linked with a second millennium B.C. Hittite cult center of Ankuwash, although this connection is uncertain; in classical and medieval times, the city was known as Ankyra (meaning \"anchor\" in Greek and reflecting the city's position as a junction for multiple trade and military routes); by about the 13th century the city began to be referred to as Angora; following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the city's name became Ankara" + "etymology": { + "text": "Ankara has been linked with a second millennium B.C. Hittite cult center of Ankuwash, although this connection is uncertain; in classical and medieval times, the city was known as Ankyra (meaning \"anchor\" in Greek and reflecting the city's position as a junction for multiple trade and military routes); by about the 13th century the city began to be referred to as Angora; following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the city's name became Ankara" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak" @@ -525,17 +527,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (600 seats - increased from 550 seats beginning with June 2018 election; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms - increased from 4 to 5 years beginning with June 2018 election)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 24 June 2018 (next to be held in June 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - People's Alliance 53.7% (AKP 42.6%, MHP 11.1%), Nation Alliance 33.9% (CHP 22.6%, IYI 10%, SP 1.3%), HDP 11.7%, other 0.7%; seats by party - People's Alliance 344 (AKP 295, MHP 49), National Alliance 189 (CHP 146, IYI 43), HDP 67; composition - men 496, women 104, percent of women 17.3%; note - only parties surpassing a 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (chief of state since 28 August 2014; head of government since 9 July 2019); Vice President Fuat OKTAY (since 9 July 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -553,6 +544,17 @@ "text": "Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in the first round; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.6%, Muharrem INCE (CHP) 30.6%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 8.4%, Meral AKSENER (IYI) 7.3%, other 1.1%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (600 seats - increased from 550 seats beginning with June 2018 election; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms - increased from 4 to 5 years beginning with June 2018 election)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 24 June 2018 (next to be held in June 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - People's Alliance 53.7% (AKP 42.6%, MHP 11.1%), Nation Alliance 33.9% (CHP 22.6%, IYI 10%, SP 1.3%), HDP 11.7%, other 0.7%; seats by party - People's Alliance 344 (AKP 295, MHP 49), National Alliance 189 (CHP 146, IYI 43), HDP 67; composition - men 496, women 104, percent of women 17.3%; note - only parties surpassing a 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members)" @@ -1189,7 +1191,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,710,532 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)" + "text": "3,710,497 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2020)" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index ea40e0e6..78b1ff41 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -520,7 +520,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name is reputed to mean \"well-fortified\" in Sabaean, the South Arabian language that went extinct in Yemen in the 6th century A.D." + "etymology": { + "text": "the name is reputed to mean \"well-fortified\" in Sabaean, the South Arabian language that went extinct in Yemen in the 6th century A.D." + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "22 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City), 'Amran, Arkhabil Suqutra (Socotra Archipelago), Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz" @@ -562,17 +564,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Majlis consists of:
Shura Council or Majlis Alshoora (111 seats; members appointed by the president; member tenure NA)
House of Representatives or Majlis al Nuwaab (301 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
House of Representatives - last held on 27 April 2003 (next scheduled for April 2009 but postponed indefinitely)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
percent of vote by party - GPC 58.0%, Islah 22.6%, YSP 3.8%, Unionist Party 1.9%, other 13.7%; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 46, YSP 8, Nasserist Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 2, independent 4" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (since 21 February 2012); Vice President ALI MUHSIN al-Ahmar, Lt. Gen. (since 3 April 2016)" @@ -590,6 +581,17 @@ "text": "Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (GPC) elected as a consensus president with about 50% popular participation; no other candidates" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Majlis consists of:
Shura Council or Majlis Alshoora (111 seats; members appointed by the president; member tenure NA)
House of Representatives or Majlis al Nuwaab (301 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
House of Representatives - last held on 27 April 2003 (next scheduled for April 2009 but postponed indefinitely)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
percent of vote by party - GPC 58.0%, Islah 22.6%, YSP 3.8%, Unionist Party 1.9%, other 13.7%; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 46, YSP 8, Nasserist Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 2, independent 4" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, 2 deputies, and nearly 50 judges; court organized into constitutional, civil, commercial, family, administrative, criminal, military, and appeals scrutiny divisions)" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 13ce4b48..5423f474 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ "text": "the islands making up Bermuda are named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK" - }, "Government type": { "text": "Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Hamilton" @@ -363,7 +363,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON (ca. 1734-1796) who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788-1794" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Henry HAMILTON (ca. 1734-1796) who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788-1794" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick" @@ -405,17 +407,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (11 seats; 3 members appointed by the governor, 5 by the premier, and 3 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve up to 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (36 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve up to 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last appointments in August 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 1 October 2020 (next to be held not later than 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - composition - men 7, women 4, percent of women 36.4%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 62.1%, OBA 32.3%, other 5.4%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - PLP 30, OBA 6; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Rena LALGIE (since 14 December 2020)" @@ -430,6 +421,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (11 seats; 3 members appointed by the governor, 5 by the premier, and 3 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve up to 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (36 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve up to 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last appointments in August 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 1 October 2020 (next to be held not later than 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - composition - men 7, women 4, percent of women 36.4%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 62.1%, OBA 32.3%, other 5.4%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - PLP 30, OBA 6; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal" @@ -886,11 +888,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Regiment is equipped with small arms" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "females and males who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age for voluntary enlistment in the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; service can be extended only by volunteering or an executive order from the Governor; annual training commitment is about 30 days a year, which includes a two-week camp, weekends, and drill nights (2021)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "females and males who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age for voluntary enlistment in the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; service can be extended only by volunteering or an executive order from the Governor; annual training commitment is about 30 days a year, which includes a two-week camp, weekends, and drill nights (2021)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 6d6c3d28..fba1dcb2 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -462,7 +462,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, - "note": "note: Canada has six time zones

etymology: the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word \"adawe\" meaning \"to trade\" and refers to the indigenous peoples who used the river as a trade highway


" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Canada has six time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word \"adawe\" meaning \"to trade\" and refers to the indigenous peoples who used the river as a trade highway" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*" @@ -504,17 +509,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and can serve until age 75)
House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (338 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote with terms up to 4 years)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Senate - appointed; latest appointments in December 2018
House of Commons - last held on 21 October 2019 (next to be held 20 September 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - composition as of December 2018 - men 51, women 54, percent of women 51.4%

House of Commons - percent of vote by party - CPC 34.4%, Liberal Party 33.1%, NDP 15.9%, Bloc Quebecois 7.7%, Greens 6.5%, other 2.4%; seats by party - Liberal Party 157, CPC 121, NDP 24, Bloc Quebecois 32, Greens 4; composition - men 240, women 98, percent of women 29%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)" @@ -530,6 +524,17 @@ }, "note": "note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial; Julie PAYETTE, Canada's fourth female governor general, resigned on 21 January 2021; Richard WAGNER, chief justice of the Supreme Court, will be Acting Governor General in the interim" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and can serve until age 75)
House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (338 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote with terms up to 4 years)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Senate - appointed; latest appointments in December 2018
House of Commons - last held on 21 October 2019 (next to be held 20 September 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - composition as of December 2018 - men 51, women 54, percent of women 51.4%

House of Commons - percent of vote by party - CPC 34.4%, Liberal Party 33.1%, NDP 15.9%, Bloc Quebecois 7.7%, Greens 6.5%, other 2.4%; seats by party - Liberal Party 157, CPC 121, NDP 24, Bloc Quebecois 32, Greens 4; composition - men 240, women 98, percent of women 29%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" @@ -1163,7 +1168,7 @@ "text": "the CAF's inventory is a mix of domestically-produced equipment and imported weapons systems from Australia, Europe, Israel, and the US; since 2010, the leading supplier by far is the US; Canada's defense industry develops, maintains, and produces a range of equipment, including aircraft, combat vehicles, naval vessels, and associated components (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "540 Latvia (NATO); up to 200 Ukraine; up to 850 Middle East (multiple missions, including support to the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS and NATO assistance mission Iraq) (2021)" + "text": "up to 530 Latvia (NATO); up to 200 Ukraine; up to 850 Middle East (multiple missions, including support to the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS and NATO assistance mission Iraq) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Canada is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index a8377725..b123bc16 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ }, "note": "note: named by Norwegian adventurer Erik THORVALDSSON (Erik the Red) in A.D. 985 in order to entice settlers to the island" }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Nuuk (Godthaab)" @@ -385,7 +385,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: Greenland has four time zones

etymology: \"nuuk\" is the Inuit word for \"cape\" and refers to the city's position at the end of the Nuup Kangerlua fjord" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Greenland has four time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "\"nuuk\" is the Inuit word for \"cape\" and refers to the city's position at the end of the Nuup Kangerlua fjord" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "5 municipalities (kommuner, singular kommune); Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, Sermersooq", @@ -411,17 +416,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Inatsisartut (31 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote  - using the d'Hondt method - to serve 4-year terms)
Greenland elects 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Greenland Parliament - last held on 6 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)
Greenland members to Danish Parliament - last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held by 4 June 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Greenland Parliament percent of vote by party - IA 37.4%, S 30.1%, PN 12.3%, D 9.3%, A 7.1%, other 3.8%; seats by party - IA 12, S 10, PN 4, D 3, A 2; composition - men 21, women 10, percent of women 32.2%

Greenland members in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - IA 1, S 1; composition - 2 women" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Mikaela ENGELL (since April 2011)" @@ -439,6 +433,17 @@ "text": "Kim KIELSEN elected premier; Parliament vote - Kim KIELSEN (S) 27.2%, Sara OLSVIG (IA) 25.5%, Randi Vestergaard EVALDSEN (D) 19.5%, other 27.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Inatsisartut (31 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote  - using the d'Hondt method - to serve 4-year terms)
Greenland elects 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Greenland Parliament - last held on 6 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)
Greenland members to Danish Parliament - last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held by 4 June 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Greenland Parliament percent of vote by party - IA 37.4%, S 30.1%, PN 12.3%, D 9.3%, A 7.1%, other 3.8%; seats by party - IA 12, S 10, PN 4, D 3, A 2; composition - men 21, women 10, percent of women 32.2%

Greenland members in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - IA 1, S 1; composition - 2 women" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court of Greenland (consists of the presiding professional judge and 2 lay assessors); note - appeals beyond the High Court of Greenland can be heard by the Supreme Court (in Copenhagen)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index d1cb501d..50418525 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -511,7 +511,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October" }, - "note": "note: Mexico has four time zones

etymology: named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Mexico has four time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "32 states (estados, singular - estado); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Cuidad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas" @@ -553,18 +558,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of:
Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 32 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 200 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 June 2021 (next to be held in July 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 58, PAN 22, PRI 14, PRD 9, MC 7, PT 7, PES 5, PVEM 5, PNA/PANAL 1; composition - men 65, women 63, percent of women 49.3%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 197, PAN 111, PRI 69, PVEM 44, PT 38, MC 25, PRD 16; composition - NA" - }, - "note": "note: as of the 2018 election, senators will be eligible for a second term and deputies up to 4 consecutive terms" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (since 1 December 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -582,6 +575,18 @@ "text": "
2018: Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR elected president; percent of vote - Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (MORENA) 53.2%, Ricardo ANAYA (PAN) 22.3%, Jose Antonio MEADE Kuribrena (PRI) 16.4%, Jaime RODRIGUEZ Calderon 5.2% (independent), other 2.9%

2012: Enrique PENA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PENA NIETO (PRI) 38.2%, Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.6%, Josefina Eugenia VAZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.4%, other 4.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of:
Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 32 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 200 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 June 2021 (next to be held in July 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 58, PAN 22, PRI 14, PRD 9, MC 7, PT 7, PES 5, PVEM 5, PNA/PANAL 1; composition - men 65, women 63, percent of women 49.3%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 197, PAN 111, PRI 69, PVEM 44, PT 38, MC 25, PRD 16; composition - NA" + }, + "note": "note: as of the 2018 election, senators will be eligible for a second term and deputies up to 4 consecutive terms" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (consists of the chief justice and 11 justices and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and labor panels) and the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (organized into the superior court, with 7 judges including the court president, and 5 regional courts, each with 3 judges)" @@ -1210,11 +1215,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Mexican military inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported equipment from a variety of mostly Western suppliers; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Mexico; Mexico's defense industry produces naval vessels and light armored vehicles (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service for males (selection for service determined by lottery); conscript service obligation is 12 months; conscripts remain in reserve status until the age of 40; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; cadets enrolled in military schools from the age of 15 are considered members of the armed forces; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Mexican military under President LOPEZ OBRADOR has expanded its role in public security duties and other tasks; as of 2021, Mexican military operations were focused primarily on internal security duties, particularly in countering drug cartels and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; in addition, the military has been placed in charge of some infrastructure projects, such as building a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast; in mid-2020, the armed forces were directed to administer the country’s land and sea ports and customs services in order to fight crime and corruption; the military also runs some 2,700 branches of a state-owned bank" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service for males (selection for service determined by lottery); conscript service obligation is 12 months; conscripts remain in reserve status until the age of 40; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; cadets enrolled in military schools from the age of 15 are considered members of the armed forces; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2019)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index 98e2308c..5a44978c 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ "text": "Saint-Pierre is named after Saint PETER, the patron saint of fishermen; Miquelon may be a corruption of the Basque name Mikelon" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas collectivity of France" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas collectivity of France" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Saint-Pierre" @@ -317,7 +317,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 2 communes at the second order - Saint Pierre, Miquelon" @@ -345,17 +347,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats - Saint Pierre 15, Miquelon 4; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 6-year terms);
Saint Pierre and Miquelon indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college to serve a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote to serve a 5-year term" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Territorial Council - last held on 19 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2023)
French Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held no later than September 2020)
French National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party - AD 70.2%, Cap sur l'Avenir 29.8%; seats by party - AD 17, Cap sur l'Avenir 2; composition - men 10, women 9, percent of women 47.4%
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PS 1 (affiliated with UMP)
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ensemble pour l'Avenir 1 (affiliated with PRG); the Republicans (LR) 1" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Christian POUGET (since 6 January 2021)" @@ -370,6 +361,17 @@ "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 April and 6 May 2017 (next to be held in 2022); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats - Saint Pierre 15, Miquelon 4; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 6-year terms);
Saint Pierre and Miquelon indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college to serve a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote to serve a 5-year term" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Territorial Council - last held on 19 March 2017 (next to be held in March 2023)
French Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held no later than September 2020)
French National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party - AD 70.2%, Cap sur l'Avenir 29.8%; seats by party - AD 17, Cap sur l'Avenir 2; composition - men 10, women 9, percent of women 47.4%
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PS 1 (affiliated with UMP)
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ensemble pour l'Avenir 1 (affiliated with PRG); the Republicans (LR) 1" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel (composition NA)" diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 12c57e32..e91ba172 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -469,7 +469,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, - "note": "note: the 50 United States cover six time zones

etymology: named after George Washington (1732-1799), the first president of the United States" + "time zone note": { + "text": "the 50 United States cover six time zones" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "named after George Washington (1732-1799), the first president of the United States" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming" @@ -515,18 +520,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Congress consists of:
Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years)
House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 8 November 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 8 November 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 50, Democratic Party 50; composition - men 76, women 24, percent of women 24%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 221, Republican Party 211, 3 seats vacant; composition - men 312, women 120, percent of women 27.8%; note - total US Congress percent of women 27.1%" - }, - "note": "note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term (except for the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico who serves a 4-year term); the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegates last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 8 November 2022)" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -544,6 +537,18 @@ "text": "Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. elected president; electoral vote - Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (Democratic Party) 306, Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 232; percent of direct popular vote - Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. 51.3%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.9%, other 1.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Congress consists of:
Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years)
House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 8 November 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 8 November 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 50, Democratic Party 50; composition - men 76, women 24, percent of women 24%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 221, Republican Party 211, 3 seats vacant; composition - men 312, women 120, percent of women 27.8%; note - total US Congress percent of women 27.1%" + }, + "note": "note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term (except for the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico who serves a 4-year term); the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegates last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 8 November 2022)" + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices)" diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 3c18a552..9c9a4445 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -477,7 +477,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name translates as \"fair winds\" in Spanish and derives from the original designation of the settlement that would become the present-day city, \"Santa Maria del Buen Aire\" (Saint Mary of the Fair Winds)" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name translates as \"fair winds\" in Spanish and derives from the original designation of the settlement that would become the present-day city, \"Santa Maria del Buen Aire\" (Saint Mary of the Fair Winds)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (Tierra del Fuego - Antarctica and the South Atlantic Islands), Tucuman", @@ -520,17 +522,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age - optional for national elections" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate (72 seats; members directly elected on a provincial basis with 2 seats awarded to the party with the most votes and 1 seat to the party with the second highest number of votes; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 13, Cambiemos 8, FCS 2, JSRN 1;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 64, Cambiemos 56, CF 3, FCS 3, JSRN 1, other 3" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government (2019)" @@ -548,6 +539,17 @@ "text": "
2019: Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%

2015: Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate (72 seats; members directly elected on a provincial basis with 2 seats awarded to the party with the most votes and 1 seat to the party with the second highest number of votes; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 13, Cambiemos 8, FCS 2, JSRN 1;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 64, Cambiemos 56, CF 3, FCS 3, JSRN 1, other 3" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 justices)" @@ -1152,6 +1154,9 @@ "text": "Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic (Fuerzas Armadas de la República Argentina): Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA); Ministry of Security: Gendarmería Nacional Argentina (National Gendarmerie), Prefectura Naval (Coast Guard) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1163,9 +1168,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.8% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 60fdbccd..2051f016 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -487,7 +487,10 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia

note: at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world" + "etymology": { + "text": "La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia" + }, + "note": "note: at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija" @@ -529,17 +532,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 53 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, and 7 (apportioned to non-contiguous, rural areas in 7 of the 9 states) directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (since 8 November 2020); Vice President David CHOQUEHUANCA Cespedes (since 8 November 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -557,6 +549,17 @@ "text": "
2020: Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora elected president; percent of vote - Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (MAS) 55.1%; Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (CC) 28.8%; Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca (Creemos) 14%; other 2.1%

2018: Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (MAS) 61%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana (UN) 24.5%; Jorge QUIROGA Ramirez (POC) 9.1%; other 5.4%; note - MORALES resigned from office on 10 November 2019 over alleged election rigging; resignations of all his constitutionally designated successors followed, including the Vice President, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies, and First Vice President of the Senate, leaving the Second Vice President of the Senate, Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, the highest-ranking official still in office; her appointment to the presidency was endorsed by Bolivia's Constitutional Court, and she served as interim president until the inauguration of Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora, winner of the 18 October 2020 presidential election" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 53 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, and 7 (apportioned to non-contiguous, rural areas in 7 of the 9 states) directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges or ministros organized into civil, penal, social, and administrative chambers); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members and 6 alternates); National Agro-Environment Court (consists of 5 primary and 5 alternate judges; Council of the Judiciary (consists of 3 primary and 3 alternate judges)" diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 2d5247a1..3bbe4221 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -511,7 +511,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: Brazil has four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands

etymology: name bestowed on the new capital of Brazil upon its inauguration in 1960; previous Brazilian capitals had been Salvador from 1549 to 1763 and Rio de Janeiro from 1763 to 1960


" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Brazil has four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "name bestowed on the new capital of Brazil upon its inauguration in 1960; previous Brazilian capitals had been Salvador from 1549 to 1763 and Rio de Janeiro from 1763 to 1960" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins" @@ -553,17 +558,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "voluntary between 16 to 18 years of age, over 70, and if illiterate; compulsory between 18 to 70 years of age; note - military conscripts by law cannot vote" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of:
Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members each from 26 states and 3 from the federal district directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 8-year terms, with one-third and two-thirds of the membership elected alternately every 4 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Federal Senate - last held on 7 October 2018 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2022 for one-third of the Senate)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 7, PP 5, REDE 5, DEM 4, PSDB 4, PSDC 4, PSL 4, PT 4, PDT 2, PHS 2, PPS 2, PSB 2, PTB 2, Podemos 1, PR 1, PRB 1, PROS 1, PRP 1, PSC 1, SD 1; composition - men 70, women 11, percent of women 13.6%    
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 56, PSL 52, PP 37, PMDB 34, PSDC 34, PR 33, PSB 32, PRB 30, DEM 29, PSDB 29, PDT 28, SD 13, Podemos 11, PSOL 10, PTB 10, PCdoB 9, NOVO 8, PPS 8, PROS 8, PSC 8, Avante 7, PHS 6, Patriota 5, PRP 4, PV 4, PMN 3, PTC 2, DC 1, PPL 1, REDE 1; composition - men 462, women 51, percent of women 9.9%; total National Congress percent of women 10.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Jair BOLSONARO (since 1 January 2019); Vice President Antonio Hamilton Martins MOURAO (since 1 January 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -581,6 +575,17 @@ "text": "
2018:  Jair BOLSONARO elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 46%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 29.3%, Ciro GOMEZ (PDT) 12.5%, Geraldo ALCKMIN (PSDB) 4.8%, other 7.4%; percent of vote in second round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 55.1%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 44.9%

2014:  Dilma ROUSSEFF reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) 51.6%, Aecio NEVES (PSDB) 48.4%; note - on 12 May 2016, Brazil's Senate voted to hold an impeachment trial of President Dilma ROUSSEFF, who was then suspended from her executive duties; Vice President Michel TEMER took over as acting president; on 31 August 2016 the Senate voted 61-20 in favor of conviction and her removal from office; TEMER served as president for the remainder of ROUSSEFF's term, which ended 1 January 2019" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of:
Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members each from 26 states and 3 from the federal district directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 8-year terms, with one-third and two-thirds of the membership elected alternately every 4 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Federal Senate - last held on 7 October 2018 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2022 for one-third of the Senate)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 7, PP 5, REDE 5, DEM 4, PSDB 4, PSDC 4, PSL 4, PT 4, PDT 2, PHS 2, PPS 2, PSB 2, PTB 2, Podemos 1, PR 1, PRB 1, PROS 1, PRP 1, PSC 1, SD 1; composition - men 70, women 11, percent of women 13.6%    
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 56, PSL 52, PP 37, PMDB 34, PSDC 34, PR 33, PSB 32, PRB 30, DEM 29, PSDB 29, PDT 28, SD 13, Podemos 11, PSOL 10, PTB 10, PCdoB 9, NOVO 8, PPS 8, PROS 8, PSC 8, Avante 7, PHS 6, Patriota 5, PRP 4, PV 4, PMN 3, PTC 2, DC 1, PPL 1, REDE 1; composition - men 462, women 51, percent of women 9.9%; total National Congress percent of women 10.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Federal Court or Supremo Tribunal Federal (consists of 11 justices)" diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index aa13039e..d6f16c72 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -486,7 +486,12 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in August; ends second Sunday in May; note - Punta Arenas observes DST throughout the year" }, - "note": "note: Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Magallanes region, which does not use daylight savings time and remains at UTC-3 for the summer months; and Easter Island at UTC-5

etymology: Santiago is named after the biblical figure Saint James (ca. A.D. 3-44), patron saint of Spain, but especially revered in Galicia; \"Santiago\" derives from the local Galician evolution of the Vulgar Latin \"Sanctu Iacobu\"; Valparaiso derives from the Spanish \"Valle Paraiso\" meaning \"Paradise Valley\"


" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Magallanes region, which does not use daylight savings time and remains at UTC-3 for the summer months; and Easter Island at UTC-5
" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "Santiago is named after the biblical figure Saint James (ca. A.D. 3-44), patron saint of Spain, but especially revered in Galicia; \"Santiago\" derives from the local Galician evolution of the Vulgar Latin \"Sanctu Iacobu\"; Valparaiso derives from the Spanish \"Valle Paraiso\" meaning \"Paradise Valley\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "16 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aysen, Antofagasta, Araucania, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Biobio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Rios, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena (Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica), Maule, Nuble, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso", @@ -529,17 +534,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (43 seats; increases to 50 for 2021 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote to serve 8-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 4 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (155 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority Coalition (formerly known as Concertacion) 19 (PDC 6, PS 6, PPD 6, MAS 1), Let's Go Chile Coalition (formerly known as the Coalition for Change and the Alianza coalition) 15 (RN 6, UDI 8, Amplitude Party 1), independent 4; composition - men 33, women 10, percent of women 23.3%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority 68 (PDC 21, PS 16, PPD 14, PC 6, PRSD 6, Citizen Left 1, independent 4), Coalition for Change 47 (UDI 29, RN 14, independent 3, EP 1), Liberal Party 1, independent 4; composition -men 120, women 35, percent of women 22.6%; note - total National Congress percent of women 22.7%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Sebastian PINERA Echenique (since 11 March 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -557,6 +551,17 @@ "text": "
2017: Sebastian PINERA Echenique elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique (independent) 36.6%; Alejandro GUILLIER (independent) 22.7%; Beatriz SANCHEZ (independent) 20.3%; Jose Antonio KAST (independent) 7.9%; Carolina GOIC (PDC) 5.9%; Marco ENRIQUEZ-OMINAMI (PRO) 5.7%; other 0.9%; percent of vote in second round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique 54.6%, Alejandro GUILLIER 45.4%

2013: Michelle BACHELET Jeria elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michelle BACHELET Jeria (PS/New Majority) 62.2%; Evelyn Rose MATTHEI Fornet (UDI/Let's Go Chile Coalition) 37.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (43 seats; increases to 50 for 2021 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote to serve 8-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 4 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (155 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority Coalition (formerly known as Concertacion) 19 (PDC 6, PS 6, PPD 6, MAS 1), Let's Go Chile Coalition (formerly known as the Coalition for Change and the Alianza coalition) 15 (RN 6, UDI 8, Amplitude Party 1), independent 4; composition - men 33, women 10, percent of women 23.3%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority 68 (PDC 21, PS 16, PPD 14, PC 6, PRSD 6, Citizen Left 1, independent 4), Coalition for Change 47 (UDI 29, RN 14, independent 3, EP 1), Liberal Party 1, independent 4; composition -men 120, women 35, percent of women 22.6%; note - total National Congress percent of women 22.7%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members or ministros); Constitutional Court (consists of 10 members); Elections Qualifying Court (consists of 5 members)" diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 6f8861fb..672ba3ea 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -508,7 +508,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: originally referred to as \"Bacata,\" meaning \"enclosure outside of the farm fields,\" by the indigenous Muisca" + "etymology": { + "text": "originally referred to as \"Bacata,\" meaning \"enclosure outside of the farm fields,\" by the indigenous Muisca" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, Archipielago de San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina (colloquially San Andres y Providencia), Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada" @@ -550,17 +552,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:
Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for indigenous communities, 5 members of the People's Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC) political party for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (172 seats; 165 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, 5 members of the FARC for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up vice presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": " 
Senate - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CD 19, CR 16, PC 15, PL 14, U Party 14, Green Alliance 10, PDA 5, other 9; composition - men 77, women 31, percent of women 28.7%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PL 35, CD 32, CR 30, U Party 25, PC 21, Green Alliance 9, other 13; composition - men 147, women 25, percent of women 14.5%; total Congress percent of women 20%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ivan DUQUE Marquez (since 7 August 2018); Vice President Marta Lucia RAMIREZ Blanco (since 7 August 2018); the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -575,7 +566,18 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 27 May 2018 with a runoff held on 17 June 2018 (next to be held in 2022); note - political reform in 2015 eliminated presidential reelection" }, "election results": { - "text": "2018: Ivan DUQUE Marquez elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ivan DUQUE Marquez (CD) 54%, Gustavo PETRO (Humane Colombia) 41.8%, other/blank/invalid 4.2%

2014: Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (U Party) 51.0%, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA (CD) 45.0%, other 4.0%" + "text": "
2018: Ivan DUQUE Marquez elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ivan DUQUE Marquez (CD) 54%, Gustavo PETRO (Humane Colombia) 41.8%, other/blank/invalid 4.2%

2014: Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (U Party) 51.0%, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA (CD) 45.0%, other 4.0%" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:
Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for indigenous communities, 5 members of the People's Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC) political party for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (172 seats; 165 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, 5 members of the FARC for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up vice presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": " 
Senate - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CD 19, CR 16, PC 15, PL 14, U Party 14, Green Alliance 10, PDA 5, other 9; composition - men 77, women 31, percent of women 28.7%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PL 35, CD 32, CR 30, U Party 25, PC 21, Green Alliance 9, other 13; composition - men 147, women 25, percent of women 14.5%; total Congress percent of women 20%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 1464bdf2..50777383 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -505,7 +505,12 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "note: Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)

etymology: named after the Quitus, a Pre-Columbian indigenous people credited with founding the city" + "time zone note": { + "text": "Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "named after the Quitus, a Pre-Columbian indigenous people credited with founding the city" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe" @@ -547,17 +552,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18-65 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-18, over 65, and other eligible voters, voluntary" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (137 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 15 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote, and 6 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies for Ecuadorians living abroad by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - UNES 32.21%, MUPP 16.81%, ID 11.98%, PSC 9.73%, CREO 9.65%, MC-PSE 3.76%, other 15.86%; seats by party - UNES 49, MUPP 27, ID 18, PSC 18, CREO 12, MC-PSE 2, independents 3, other 8; composition - men 85, women 52, percent of women 38%; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (since 24 May 2021); Vice President Alfredo Enrique BORRERO Vega (since 24 May 2021); the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -575,6 +569,17 @@ "text": "
2021: Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; first round election results: percent of vote - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.72%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.74%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.38%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (Independent) 15.68%, other 12.48%; second round election results: percent of vote - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%

2017: Lenin MORENO Garces elected president in second round; percent of vote - Lenin MORENO Garces (Alianza PAIS Movement) 51.1%, Guillermo LASSO (CREO) 48.9%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (137 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 15 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote, and 6 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies for Ecuadorians living abroad by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - UNES 32.21%, MUPP 16.81%, ID 11.98%, PSC 9.73%, CREO 9.65%, MC-PSE 3.76%, other 15.86%; seats by party - UNES 49, MUPP 27, ID 18, PSC 18, CREO 12, MC-PSE 2, independents 3, other 8; composition - men 85, women 52, percent of women 38%; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges, including the chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (consists of 9 judges)" diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 3abbfbbd..6ad07378 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -276,12 +276,12 @@ "text": "the archipelago takes its name from the Falkland Sound, the strait separating the two main islands; the channel itself was named after the Viscount of Falkland, who sponsored an expedition to the islands in 1690; the Spanish name for the archipelago derives from the French \"Iles Malouines,\" the name applied to the islands by French explorer Louis-Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1764" } }, - "Dependency status": { - "text": "overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina" - }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK" }, + "Dependency status": { + "text": "overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina" + }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Stanley" @@ -292,7 +292,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named after Edward SMITH-STANLEY (1799-1869), the 14th Earl of Derby, a British statesman and three-time prime minister of the UK who never visited the islands" + "etymology": { + "text": "named after Edward SMITH-STANLEY (1799-1869), the 14th Earl of Derby, a British statesman and three-time prime minister of the UK who never visited the islands" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)" @@ -317,17 +319,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly, formerly the Legislative Council (10 seats; 5 members directly elected in the Stanley constituency and 3 members in the Camp constituency by simple majority vote, 2 appointed non-voting ex-officio members - the chief executive, appointed by the governor, and the financial secretary; members serve 4-year terms); note - several previous referendums -  the latest in September 2020 - on whether to merge the Stanley and Camp constituencies into a single islands wide constituency, failed
" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 9 November 2017 (next to be held in November 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 8; composition (elected members) -men 8, women 2, percent of women 20%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Nigel PHILLIPS (since 12 September 2017)" @@ -342,6 +333,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief executive appointed by the governor" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly, formerly the Legislative Council (10 seats; 5 members directly elected in the Stanley constituency and 3 members in the Camp constituency by simple majority vote, 2 appointed non-voting ex-officio members - the chief executive, appointed by the governor, and the financial secretary; members serve 4-year terms); note - several previous referendums -  the latest in September 2020 - on whether to merge the Stanley and Camp constituencies into a single islands wide constituency, failed
" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 9 November 2017 (next to be held in November 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 8; composition (elected members) -men 8, women 2, percent of women 20%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio, non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index d99ecc29..ce69ad55 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -498,7 +498,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: when the British took possession of the town from the Dutch in 1812, they renamed it Georgetown in honor of King George III (1738-1820)" + "etymology": { + "text": "when the British took possession of the town from the Dutch in 1812, they renamed it Georgetown in honor of King George III (1738-1820)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo" @@ -540,17 +542,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (65 seats; 40 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency and 25 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - all by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 2 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - PPP/C 50.69%, APNU-AFC 47.34%, LJP 0.58%, ANUG 0.5%, TNM 0.05%, other 0.84%; seats by party - PPP/C 33, APNU-AFC 31, LJP-ANUG-TNM 1; composition - men 43, women 22, percent of women 33.8%; note - the initial results were declared invalid and a partial recount was conducted from 6 May to 8 June 2020, in which PPP/C was declared the winner" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Mohammed Irfaan ALI (since 2 August 2020); First Vice President Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); Vice President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 2 August 2020); Prime Minister Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -568,6 +559,17 @@ "text": "
2020: Mohammed Irfaan ALI (PPP/C) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly

2015: David GRANGER (APNU-AFC) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (65 seats; 40 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency and 25 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - all by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 2 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - PPP/C 50.69%, APNU-AFC 47.34%, LJP 0.58%, ANUG 0.5%, TNM 0.05%, other 0.84%; seats by party - PPP/C 33, APNU-AFC 31, LJP-ANUG-TNM 1; composition - men 43, women 22, percent of women 33.8%; note - the initial results were declared invalid and a partial recount was conducted from 6 May to 8 June 2020, in which PPP/C was declared the winner" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with a chief justice and 3 justices, and the High Court with a chief justice and 10 justices organized into 3- or 5-judge panels); note - in 2009, Guyana acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal in civil and criminal cases, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 40dbb645..a3bf165b 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -484,7 +484,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name may be the corruption of a Carib (Kalina) village or tribe named Parmirbo" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name may be the corruption of a Carib (Kalina) village or tribe named Parmirbo" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica" @@ -526,17 +528,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members directly elected in 10 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 25 May 2020 (next to be held in May 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - VHP 41.1%, NDP 29.4%, ABOP 17.6%, NPS 7.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - VHP 21, NDP 15, ABOP 9, NPS 4, other 2; composition - men 35, women 16, percent of women 31.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI (since 16 July 2020); Vice President Ronnie BRUNSWIJK (since 16 July 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -554,6 +545,17 @@ "text": "Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI elected president unopposed; National Assembly vote - NA" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members directly elected in 10 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 25 May 2020 (next to be held in May 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - VHP 41.1%, NDP 29.4%, ABOP 17.6%, NPS 7.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - VHP 21, NDP 15, ABOP 9, NPS 4, other 2; composition - men 35, women 16, percent of women 31.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "High Court of Justice of Suriname (consists of the court president, vice president, and 4 judges); note - appeals beyond the High Court are referred to the Caribbean Court of Justice; human rights violations can be appealed to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights with judgments issued by the Inter-American Court on Human Rights" diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index cc363514..c845a4e3 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -494,7 +494,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends last Sunday in March" }, - "note": "etymology: the name means \"assumption\" and derives from the original name given to the city at its founding in 1537, Nuestra Senora Santa Maria de la Asuncion (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Assumption)" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name means \"assumption\" and derives from the original name given to the city at its founding in 1537, Nuestra Senora Santa Maria de la Asuncion (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Assumption)" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro" @@ -536,17 +538,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 75" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies - corresponding to the country's 17 departments and capital city - by closed-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 32.52%, PLRA 24.18%, FG 11.83%, PPQ 6.77%, MH 4.47%, PDP 3.66%, MCN 2.48%, UNACE 2.12%, other 11.97%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 17, PLRA 13, FG 6, PPQ 3, MH 2, PDP 2, MCN 1, UNACE 1; composition - men 36, women 9, percent of women 20%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 39.1%, PLRA 17.74%, Ganar Alliance 12.08%, PPQ 4.46%, MH 3.19%; other 23.43%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 42, PLRA 17, Ganar Alliance 13, PPQ 3, MH 2, other 3; composition - men 66, women 14, percent of women 17.5%; note - total National Congress percent of women 18.4%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Mario Abdo BENITEZ (since 15 August 2018); Vice President Hugo Adalberto VELAZQUEZ Moreno (since 15 August 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -564,6 +555,17 @@ "text": "
2018: Mario Abdo BENITEZ elected president; percent of vote - Mario Abdo BENITEZ (ANR) 46.4%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 42.7%, Juan Bautista YBANEZ 3.3%, other 7.6%

2013: Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES (ANR) 48.5%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 39%, Mario FERREIRO (AP) 6.2%, Anibal CARRILLO (FG) 3.5%, other 2.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies - corresponding to the country's 17 departments and capital city - by closed-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 32.52%, PLRA 24.18%, FG 11.83%, PPQ 6.77%, MH 4.47%, PDP 3.66%, MCN 2.48%, UNACE 2.12%, other 11.97%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 17, PLRA 13, FG 6, PPQ 3, MH 2, PDP 2, MCN 1, UNACE 1; composition - men 36, women 9, percent of women 20%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 39.1%, PLRA 17.74%, Ganar Alliance 12.08%, PPQ 4.46%, MH 3.19%; other 23.43%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 42, PLRA 17, Ganar Alliance 13, PPQ 3, MH 2, other 3; composition - men 66, women 14, percent of women 17.5%; note - total National Congress percent of women 18.4%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 justices divided 3 each into the Constitutional Court, Civil and Commercial Chamber, and Criminal Division)" @@ -1143,11 +1145,11 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Paraguayan military forces inventory is comprised of mostly older equipment from a variety of foreign suppliers, particularly Brazil and the US; since 2010, Paraguay has acquired small quantities of mostly second-hand military equipment from Argentina, Brazil, Israel, Taiwan, and the US (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma (2016)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "as of late 2020, the armed forces were principally focused on the Paraguayan People's Army (Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo, EPP), a Marxist-nationalist insurgent group operating in the rural northern part of the country" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma (2016)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 91cc4f75..74c06d59 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -507,7 +507,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the word \"Lima\" derives from the Spanish pronunciation of \"Limaq,\" the native name for the valley in which the city was founded in 1535; \"limaq\" means \"talker\" in coastal Quechua and referred to an oracle that was situated in the valley but which was eventually destroyed by the Spanish and replaced with a church" + "etymology": { + "text": "the word \"Lima\" derives from the Spanish pronunciation of \"Limaq,\" the native name for the valley in which the city was founded in 1535; \"limaq\" means \"talker\" in coastal Quechua and referred to an oracle that was situated in the valley but which was eventually destroyed by the Spanish and replaced with a church" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali", @@ -550,17 +552,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (130 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve single 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Free Peru 14.02%, Popular Force 11.17%, AP 9.22%, Popular Renewal 9.13%, APP 7.61%, Avanza Pais 7.40%, JP 6.63%, We Are Peru 6.02%, We Can Peru 5.73%, Purple Party 5.31%; seats by party/coalition - Free Peru 37, Popular Force 24, AP 16, APP 15, Popular Renewal 13, Avanza Pais 7, We Are Peru 5, We Can Peru 5, JP 4, Purple Party 4; composition - men 96, women 34, percent of women 26.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (since 28 July 2021); First Vice President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra (since 28 July 2021); Second Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -579,6 +570,17 @@ }, "note": "note: President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo assumed office after President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard resigned from office on 21 March 2018; after VIZCARRA was impeached on 9 November 2020, the constitutional line of succession led to the inauguration of the President of the Peruvian Congress, Manuel Arturo MERINO, as President of Peru on 10 November 2020; following his resignation only days later on 15 November 2020, Francisco Rafael SAGASTI Hochhausler - who had been elected by the legislature to be the new President of Congress on 16 November 2020 - was then sworn in as President of Peru on 17 November 2020 by line of succession and remained president until the inauguration of Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones, winner of the 2021 presidential election

note: Prime Minister Guido BELLIDO Ugarte (since 29 July 2021) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president" }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (130 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve single 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Free Peru 14.02%, Popular Force 11.17%, AP 9.22%, Popular Renewal 9.13%, APP 7.61%, Avanza Pais 7.40%, JP 6.63%, We Are Peru 6.02%, We Can Peru 5.73%, Purple Party 5.31%; seats by party/coalition - Free Peru 37, Popular Force 24, AP 16, APP 15, Popular Renewal 13, Avanza Pais 7, We Are Peru 5, We Can Peru 5, JP 4, Purple Party 4; composition - men 96, women 34, percent of women 26.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors)" @@ -1200,11 +1202,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-50 years of age for male and 18-45 years of age for female voluntary military service (12 months); no conscription (2019)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Peru are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2020, eight attacks against a commercial vessels were reported, down from 10 attacks in 2019; all of these occurred in the main port of Callao" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-50 years of age for male and 18-45 years of age for female voluntary military service (12 months); no conscription (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index defd351c..4a9cee8f 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -487,7 +487,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the name \"Montevidi\" was originally applied to the hill that overlooked the bay upon which the city of Montevideo was founded; the earliest meaning may have been \"[the place where we] saw the hill\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "the name \"Montevidi\" was originally applied to the hill that overlooked the bay upon which the city of Montevideo was founded; the earliest meaning may have been \"[the place where we] saw the hill\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres" @@ -529,17 +531,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (31 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 13, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Open Cabildo 3; composition - men 21, women 10, percent of women 32.3%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 42, National Party 30, Colorado Party 13, Open Cabildo 11, Independent Party 1, other 2; composition - men 75, women 24, percent of women 24.2%; note - total General Assembly percent of women 26.2%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (since 1 March 2020); Vice President Beatriz ARGIMON Cedeira (since 1 March 2020); the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -557,6 +548,17 @@ "text": "
2019: Luis Alberto LACALLE POU elected president - results of the first round of presidential elections: percent of vote - Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 40.7%, Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 29.7%, Ernesto TALVI (Colorado Party) 12.8%, and Guido MANINI RIOS (Open Cabildo) 11.3%, other 5.5%; results of the second round: percent of vote - Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 50.6%, Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 49.4%

2014: Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (Blanco) 43.4%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (31 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 13, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Open Cabildo 3; composition - men 21, women 10, percent of women 32.3%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 42, National Party 30, Colorado Party 13, Open Cabildo 11, Independent Party 1, other 2; composition - men 75, women 24, percent of women 24.2%; note - total General Assembly percent of women 26.2%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges)" diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 3a58a0ce..8e140fe4 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -454,7 +454,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: named for the native Caracas tribe that originally settled in the city's valley site near the Caribbean coast" + "etymology": { + "text": "named for the native Caracas tribe that originally settled in the city's valley site near the Caribbean coast" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, La Guaira, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia", @@ -497,17 +499,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (277 seats; 3 seats reserved for indigenous peoples of Venezuela; members serve 5-year terms); note - in 2020, the National Electoral Council increased the number of seats in the National Assembly from 167 to 277 for the 6 December 2020 election" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - GPP (pro-government) 69.32%, Democratic Alliance (opposition coalition) 17.68%, other 13%; seats by party - GPP 253, Democratic Alliance 18, indigenous peoples 3, other 3" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Notification Statement: the United States recognizes Juan GUAIDO as the Interim President of Venezuela

President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -525,6 +516,17 @@ "text": "2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 68%, Henri FALCON (AP) 21%, Javier BERTUCCI 11%; note - the election was marked by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud; voter turnout was approximately 46% due largely to an opposition boycott of the election

2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (277 seats; 3 seats reserved for indigenous peoples of Venezuela; members serve 5-year terms); note - in 2020, the National Electoral Council increased the number of seats in the National Assembly from 167 to 277 for the 6 December 2020 election" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - GPP (pro-government) 69.32%, Democratic Alliance (opposition coalition) 17.68%, other 13%; seats by party - GPP 253, Democratic Alliance 18, indigenous peoples 3, other 3" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into constitutional, political-administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social divisions)" @@ -1111,14 +1113,14 @@ "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the FANB inventory is mainly of Chinese and Russian origin with a smaller mix of equipment from Western countries such as France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the US; since 2010, Russia is by far the top supplier of military hardware to Venezuela, followed by China, Spain, and Ukraine (2020)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 (25 for women) for voluntary service; the minimum service obligation is 24-30 months; all citizens of military service age (18-50 years old) are obligated to register for military service and subject to military training, although “forcible recruitment” is forbidden (2019)" - }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "The International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; in 2020, no attacks were reported which was a decrease from the six attacks in 2019" }, "Military - note": { "text": "between 2013 and 2017, Venezuela established at least a dozen military-led firms in a variety of economic sectors, such as agriculture, banking, construction, insurance, the media, mining, oil, and tourism; as of mid-2019, military officers reportedly led at least 60 state-owned companies" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-30 (25 for women) for voluntary service; the minimum service obligation is 24-30 months; all citizens of military service age (18-50 years old) are obligated to register for military service and subject to military training, although “forcible recruitment” is forbidden (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 0c77cfd4..0afd4bba 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -502,7 +502,9 @@ "daylight saving time": { "text": "does not observe daylight savings time" }, - "note": "etymology: named for the Kabul River, but the river's name is of unknown origin" + "etymology": { + "text": "named for the Kabul River, but the river's name is of unknown origin" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "34 provinces (welayat, singular - welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Wardak, Zabul" @@ -544,18 +546,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed by district councils to serve 3-year terms, 34 indirectly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed by provincial councils to serve 4-year terms, and 34 appointed by the president from nominations by civic groups, political parties, and the public, of which 17 must be women, 2 must represent the disabled, and 2 must be Kuchi nomads; presidential appointees serve 5-year terms)
Wolesi Jirga or House of People (250 seats, including 68 reserved for women; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Meshrano Jirga - district councils - within 5 days of installation; provincial councils - within 15 days of installation; presidential appointees - within 2 weeks after the presidential inauguration (last held 10 January 2015); note - in early 2016, President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani extended their mandate until parliamentary and district elections are held.
Wolesi Jirga - last held on 20 October 2018) (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Meshrano Jirga - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 85, women 17, percent of women 16.7%
Wolesi Jirga - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 182, women 68, percent of women 27.2%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 24.1%" - }, - "note": "note: the constitution allows the government to convene a constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it consists of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils; a Loya Jirga can amend provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; no constitutional Loya Jirga has ever been held, and district councils have never been elected; the president appointed 34 members of the Meshrano Jirga that the district councils should have indirectly elected" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "president (vacant); President Ashraf GHANI departed the country on 15 August 2021; CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH, Dr. (since 29 September 2014); First Vice President Abdul Rashid DOSTAM (since 29 September 2014); Second Vice President Sarwar DANESH (since 29 September 2014); First Deputy CEO Khyal Mohammad KHAN; Second Deputy CEO Mohammad MOHAQQEQ; note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -572,7 +562,19 @@ "election results": { "text": "Ashraf GHANI declared winner by the Independent Election Commission on 18 February 2020; Ashraf GHANI 50.6%, Abdullah ABDULLAH, Dr. 39.5%, other 0.9%" }, - "note": "note: Ashraf GHANI left the country on 15 August 2021; no new leader has been announced" + "note": "note: Ashraf GHANI left the country on 15 August 2021; on 7 September 2021, Mullah Mohammad HASSAN was announced as the head of an interim government" + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed by district councils to serve 3-year terms, 34 indirectly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed by provincial councils to serve 4-year terms, and 34 appointed by the president from nominations by civic groups, political parties, and the public, of which 17 must be women, 2 must represent the disabled, and 2 must be Kuchi nomads; presidential appointees serve 5-year terms)
Wolesi Jirga or House of People (250 seats, including 68 reserved for women; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Meshrano Jirga - district councils - within 5 days of installation; provincial councils - within 15 days of installation; presidential appointees - within 2 weeks after the presidential inauguration (last held 10 January 2015); note - in early 2016, President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani extended their mandate until parliamentary and district elections are held.
Wolesi Jirga - last held on 20 October 2018) (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Meshrano Jirga - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 85, women 17, percent of women 16.7%
Wolesi Jirga - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 182, women 68, percent of women 27.2%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 24.1%" + }, + "note": "note: the constitution allows the government to convene a constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it consists of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils; a Loya Jirga can amend provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; no constitutional Loya Jirga has ever been held, and district councils have never been elected; the president appointed 34 members of the Meshrano Jirga that the district councils should have indirectly elected" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 8adb9e12..83e1a520 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -516,7 +516,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the origins of the name are unclear, but some sources state that the city's site was originally called \"dhakka,\" meaning \"watchtower,\" and that the area served as a watch-station for Bengal rulers" + "etymology": { + "text": "the origins of the name are unclear, but some sources state that the city's site was originally called \"dhakka,\" meaning \"watchtower,\" and that the area served as a watch-station for Bengal rulers" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "8 divisions; Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet" @@ -558,17 +560,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the elected members by proportional representation vote using single transferable vote; all members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 30 December 2018 (next to be held in December 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party as of January 2020 - AL 299, JP 27, BNP 7, other 10, independent 4; composition - men 277, women 73, percent of women 20.9%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Abdul HAMID (since 24 April 2013); note - Abdul HAMID served as acting president following the death of Zillur RAHMAN in March 2013; HAMID was subsequently indirectly elected by the National Parliament and sworn in 24 April 2013" @@ -586,6 +577,17 @@ "text": "President Abdul HAMID (AL) reelected by the National Parliament unopposed for a second term; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister as leader of the majority AL party following parliamentary elections in 2018" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the elected members by proportional representation vote using single transferable vote; all members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 30 December 2018 (next to be held in December 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party as of January 2020 - AL 299, JP 27, BNP 7, other 10, independent 4; composition - men 277, women 73, percent of women 20.9%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices)" @@ -1177,6 +1179,9 @@ "note": "note: the Rapid Action Battalion, Ansars, and VDP are paramilitary organizations for internal security" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1188,9 +1193,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index f8bb268a..1427a13e 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -451,7 +451,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the origins of the name are unclear; the traditional explanation, dating to the 14th century, is that \"thim\" means \"dissolve\" and \"phu\" denotes \"high ground\" to express the meaning of \"dissolving high ground,\" in reference to a local deity that dissolved before a traveler's eyes, becoming a part of the rock on which the present city stands" + "etymology": { + "text": "the origins of the name are unclear; the traditional explanation, dating to the 14th century, is that \"thim\" means \"dissolve\" and \"phu\" denotes \"high ground\" to express the meaning of \"dissolving high ground,\" in reference to a local deity that dissolved before a traveler's eyes, becoming a part of the rock on which the present city stands" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Dagana, Gasa, Haa, Lhuentse, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatshel, Punakha, Samdrup Jongkhar, Samtse, Sarpang, Thimphu, Trashigang, Trashi Yangtse, Trongsa, Tsirang, Wangdue Phodrang, Zhemgang" @@ -493,17 +495,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Chi Tshog consists of:
non-partisan National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde (25 seats; 20 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 members appointed by the king; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Tshogdu (47 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies in a two-round majoritarian voting system; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
National Council election last held on 20 April 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - first round held on 15 September 2018 and second round held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
National Council - seats by party - independent 20 (all candidates ran as independents); composition - men 23, women 2, percent of women 8%
National Assembly - first round - percent of vote by party - DNT 31.9%, DPT 30.9%, PDP 27.4%, BKP 9.8%; second round - percent of vote by party -  NA; seats by party - DNT 30, DPT 17; composition - men 40, women 7, percent of women 14.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 to his son" @@ -518,6 +509,17 @@ "text": "the monarchy is hereditary but can be removed by a two-thirds vote of Parliament; leader of the majority party in Parliament is nominated as the prime minister, appointed by the monarch" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Chi Tshog consists of:
non-partisan National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde (25 seats; 20 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 members appointed by the king; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Tshogdu (47 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies in a two-round majoritarian voting system; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
National Council election last held on 20 April 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - first round held on 15 September 2018 and second round held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
National Council - seats by party - independent 20 (all candidates ran as independents); composition - men 23, women 2, percent of women 8%
National Assembly - first round - percent of vote by party - DNT 31.9%, DPT 30.9%, PDP 27.4%, BKP 9.8%; second round - percent of vote by party -  NA; seats by party - DNT 30, DPT 17; composition - men 40, women 7, percent of women 14.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.5%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters" diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index b271126b..26080c81 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -507,7 +507,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: Colombo may derive from the Sinhala \"kolon thota,\" meaning \"port on the river\" (referring to the Kelani River that empties into the Indian Ocean at Colombo); alternatively, the name may derive from the Sinhala \"kola amba thota\" meaning \"harbor with mango trees\"; it is also possible that the Portuguese named the city after Christopher COLUMBUS, who lived in Portugal for many years (as Cristovao COLOMBO) before discovering the Americas for the Spanish crown in 1492 - not long before the Portuguese made their way to Sri Lanka in 1505; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte translates as \"Resplendent City of Growing Victory\" in Sinhala" + "etymology": { + "text": "Colombo may derive from the Sinhala \"kolon thota,\" meaning \"port on the river\" (referring to the Kelani River that empties into the Indian Ocean at Colombo); alternatively, the name may derive from the Sinhala \"kola amba thota\" meaning \"harbor with mango trees\"; it is also possible that the Portuguese named the city after Christopher COLUMBUS, who lived in Portugal for many years (as Cristovao COLOMBO) before discovering the Americas for the Spanish crown in 1492 - not long before the Portuguese made their way to Sri Lanka in 1505; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte translates as \"Resplendent City of Growing Victory\" in Sinhala" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 provinces; Central, Eastern, North Central, Northern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western" @@ -549,17 +551,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (225 seats; 196 members directly elected in multi-seat district constituencies by proportional representation vote using a preferential method in which voters select 3 candidates in order of preference; remaining 29 seats, referred to as the \"national list\" are allocated by each party secretary according the the island wide proportional vote the party obtains; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 17 August 2015 (next originally scheduled for 25 April 2020 but postponed to due to the COVID-19 pandemic)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - SLFPA 59.1%, SJB 23.9%, JVP 3.8%, TNA 2.8%, UNP 2.2%, TNPF 0.6%, EPDP 0.5%,  other 7.1%; seats by coalition/party - SLFPA 145, SJB 54, TNA 10, JVP 3, other 13; composition - NA" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA (since 18 November 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Mahinda RAJAPAKSA (since 21 November 2019)" @@ -577,6 +568,17 @@ "text": "Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA elected president; percent of vote - Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA (SLPP) 52.2%, Sajith PREMADASA (UNP) 42%, other 5.8%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (225 seats; 196 members directly elected in multi-seat district constituencies by proportional representation vote using a preferential method in which voters select 3 candidates in order of preference; remaining 29 seats, referred to as the \"national list\" are allocated by each party secretary according the the island wide proportional vote the party obtains; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 17 August 2015 (next originally scheduled for 25 April 2020 but postponed to due to the COVID-19 pandemic)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote by coalition/party - SLFPA 59.1%, SJB 23.9%, JVP 3.8%, TNA 2.8%, UNP 2.2%, TNPF 0.6%, EPDP 0.5%,  other 7.1%; seats by coalition/party - SLFPA 145, SJB 54, TNA 10, JVP 3, other 13; composition - NA" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of the chief justice and 9 justices); note - the court has exclusive jurisdiction to review legislation" @@ -1151,6 +1153,9 @@ "text": "Sri Lanka Army (includes National Guard and the Volunteer Force), Sri Lanka Navy (includes Marine Corps), Sri Lanka Air Force, Sri Lanka Coast Guard; Civil Security Department (Home Guard); Sri Lanka National Police: Special Task Force (counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1162,9 +1167,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index bc8ab449..548619e1 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -519,7 +519,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: the city's name is associated with various myths and legends; the original name for the city may have been Dhilli or Dhillika; alternatively, the name could be a corruption of the Hindustani words \"dehleez\" or \"dehali\" - both terms meaning \"threshold\" or \"gateway\" - and indicative of the city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain; after the British decided to move the capital of their Indian Empire from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, they created a new governmental district south of the latter designated as New Delhi; the new capital was not formally inaugurated until 1931" + "etymology": { + "text": "he city's name is associated with various myths and legends; the original name for the city may have been Dhilli or Dhillika; alternatively, the name could be a corruption of the Hindustani words \"dehleez\" or \"dehali\" - both terms meaning \"threshold\" or \"gateway\" - and indicative of the city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain; after the British decided to move the capital of their Indian Empire from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, they created a new governmental district south of the latter designated as New Delhi; the new capital was not formally inaugurated until 1931" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "28 states and 8 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir*, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh*, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal", @@ -562,17 +564,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of:
Council of States or Rajya Sabha (245 seats; 233 members indirectly elected by state and territorial assemblies by proportional representation vote and 12 members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms)
House of the People or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 2 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "Council of States - last held by state and territorial assemblies at various dates in 2019 (next originally scheduled for March, June, and November 2020 but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled throughout 2021 to fill expiry seats)

House of the People - last held April-May 2019 in 7 phases (next to be held in 2024)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - BJP 83, INC 46, AITC 13, DMK 11, SP, other 77, independent 6; composition - men 220, women 25, percent of women 10.2%

House of the People - percent of vote by party - BJP 55.8%, INC 9.6%, AITC 4.4%, YSRC 4.4%, DMK 4.2%, SS 3.3%, JDU 2.9%, BJD 2.2%, BSP 1.8%, TRS 1.7%, LJP 1.1%, NCP 0.9%, SP 0.9%, other 6.4%, independent 0.7%; seats by party - BJP 303, INC 52, DMK 24, AITC 22, YSRC 22, SS 18, JDU 16, BJD 12, BSP 10, TRS 9, LJP 6, NCP 5, SP 5, other 35, independent 4, vacant 2; composition - men 465, women 78, percent of women 14.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 11.3%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ram Nath KOVIND (since 25 July 2017); Vice President M. Venkaiah NAIDU (since 11 August 2017) " @@ -590,6 +581,17 @@ "text": "Ram Nath KOVIND elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Ram Nath KOVIND (BJP) 65.7% Meira KUMAR (INC) 34.3%; M. Venkaiah NAIDU elected vice president; electoral college vote - M. Venkaiah NAIDU (BJP) 516, Gopalkrishna GANDHI (independent) 244" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of:
Council of States or Rajya Sabha (245 seats; 233 members indirectly elected by state and territorial assemblies by proportional representation vote and 12 members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms)
House of the People or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 2 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "Council of States - last held by state and territorial assemblies at various dates in 2019 (next originally scheduled for March, June, and November 2020 but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled throughout 2021 to fill expiry seats)

House of the People - last held April-May 2019 in 7 phases (next to be held in 2024)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - BJP 83, INC 46, AITC 13, DMK 11, SP, other 77, independent 6; composition - men 220, women 25, percent of women 10.2%

House of the People - percent of vote by party - BJP 55.8%, INC 9.6%, AITC 4.4%, YSRC 4.4%, DMK 4.2%, SS 3.3%, JDU 2.9%, BJD 2.2%, BSP 1.8%, TRS 1.7%, LJP 1.1%, NCP 0.9%, SP 0.9%, other 6.4%, independent 0.7%; seats by party - BJP 303, INC 52, DMK 24, AITC 22, YSRC 22, SS 18, JDU 16, BJD 12, BSP 10, TRS 9, LJP 6, NCP 5, SP 5, other 35, independent 4, vacant 2; composition - men 465, women 78, percent of women 14.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 11.3%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)" @@ -1192,7 +1194,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.4% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index f6074aec..8e13ab94 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -456,7 +456,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: derived from the Sanskrit word \"mahaalay\" meaning \"big house\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "derived from the Sanskrit word \"mahaalay\" meaning \"big house\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "21 administrative atolls (atholhuthah, singular - atholhu); Addu (Addu City), Ariatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Ari Atoll), Ariatholhu Uthuruburi (North Ari Atoll), Faadhippolhu, Felidhuatholhu (Felidhu Atoll), Fuvammulah, Hahdhunmathi, Huvadhuatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Huvadhu Atoll), Huvadhuatholhu Uthuruburi (North Huvadhu Atoll), Kolhumadulu, Maale (Male), Maaleatholhu (Male Atoll), Maalhosmadulu Dhekunuburi (South Maalhosmadulu), Maalhosmadulu Uthuruburi (North Maalhosmadulu), Miladhunmadulu Dhekunuburi (South Miladhunmadulu), Miladhunmadulu Uthuruburi (North Miladhunmadulu), Mulakatholhu (Mulaku Atoll), Nilandheatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Nilandhe Atoll), Nilandheatholhu Uthuruburi (North Nilandhe Atoll), Thiladhunmathee Dhekunuburi (South Thiladhunmathi), Thiladhunmathee Uthuruburi (North Thiladhunmathi)" @@ -498,17 +500,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or People's Majlis (87 seats - includes 2 seats added by the Elections Commission in late 2018; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - MDP 44.7%, JP 10.8%, PPM 8.7%, PNC 6.4%, MDA 2.8%, other 5.6%, independent 21%; seats by party - MDP 65, JP 5, PPM 5, PNC 3, MDA 2, independent 7; composition - men 83, women 4, percent of women 4.6%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Ibrahim \"Ibu\" Mohamed SOLIH (since 17 November 2018); Vice President Faisal NASEEM (since 17 November 2018); the president is both chief of state and head of government" @@ -526,6 +517,17 @@ "text": "Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH elected president (in 1 round); Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH (MDP) 58.3%, Abdulla YAMEEN Abdul Gayoom (PPM) 41.7%" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament or People's Majlis (87 seats - includes 2 seats added by the Elections Commission in late 2018; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "last held on 6 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "percent of vote - MDP 44.7%, JP 10.8%, PPM 8.7%, PNC 6.4%, MDA 2.8%, other 5.6%, independent 21%; seats by party - MDP 65, JP 5, PPM 5, PNC 3, MDA 2, independent 7; composition - men 83, women 4, percent of women 4.6%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4-6 justices; note - 3 justices as of late 2019)" diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 239d3d51..006e16f9 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -489,7 +489,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: name derives from the Kasthamandap temple that stood in Durbar Square; in Sanskrit, \"kastha\" means \"wood\" and \"mandapa\" means \"pavilion\"; the three-story structure was made entirely of wood, without iron nails or supports, and dated to the late 16th century; it collapsed during a 2015 earthquake" + "etymology": { + "text": "name derives from the Kasthamandap temple that stood in Durbar Square; in Sanskrit, \"kastha\" means \"wood\" and \"mandapa\" means \"pavilion\"; the three-story structure was made entirely of wood, without iron nails or supports, and dated to the late 16th century; it collapsed during a 2015 earthquake" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 provinces (pradesh, singular - pradesh); Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali, Lumbini, Province No. One, Province No. Two, Sudurpashchim" @@ -531,20 +533,9 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:
National Assembly (59 seats; 56 members, including at least 3 women, 1 Dalit, 1 member with disabilities, or 1 minority indirectly elected by an electoral college of state and municipal government leaders, and 3 members, including 1 woman, nominated by the president of Nepal on the recommendation of the government; members serve 6-year terms with renewal of one-third of the membership every 2 years)
House of Representatives (275 seats; 165 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 110 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a threshold of 3% overall valid vote to be allocated a seat; members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Representatives was dissolved on 22 May 2021, but on 13 July, the Supreme Court directed its reinstatement" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
first election for the National Assembly held on 7 February 2018 (next to be held in 2024)
first election for House of Representatives held on 26 November and 7 December 2017 (next scheduled for 12, 19 November 2021)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 42, NC 13, FSFN 2, RJPN 2; composition - men 37, women 22, percent of women 37.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 174, NC 63, RJPN 17, FSFN 16, other 4, independent 1; composition - men 185, women 90, percent of women 32.7%; note - total Federal Parliament percent of women 33.5%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since October 2015)" + "text": "President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA (since 13 July 2021); deputy prime ministers Ishwar POKHREL, Upendra YADAV (since 1 June 2018) (an)" @@ -557,9 +548,17 @@ }, "election results": { "text": "Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:
National Assembly (59 seats; 56 members, including at least 3 women, 1 Dalit, 1 member with disabilities, or 1 minority indirectly elected by an electoral college of state and municipal government leaders, and 3 members, including 1 woman, nominated by the president of Nepal on the recommendation of the government; members serve 6-year terms with renewal of one-third of the membership every 2 years)
House of Representatives (275 seats; 165 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 110 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a threshold of 3% overall valid vote to be allocated a seat; members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Representatives was dissolved on 22 May 2021, but on 13 July, the Supreme Court directed its reinstatement" }, - "head of state": { - "text": "President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)" + "elections": { + "text": "
first election for the National Assembly held on 7 February 2018 (next to be held in 2024)
first election for House of Representatives held on 26 November and 7 December 2017 (next scheduled for 12, 19 November 2021)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 42, NC 13, FSFN 2, RJPN 2; composition - men 37, women 22, percent of women 37.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 174, NC 63, RJPN 17, FSFN 16, other 4, independent 1; composition - men 185, women 90, percent of women 32.7%; note - total Federal Parliament percent of women 33.5%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1101,6 +1100,9 @@ "text": "Nepal Army (includes Air Wing); Nepal Armed Police Force (under the Ministry of Home Affairs; paramilitary force responsible for border and internal security, including counter-insurgency, and assisting the Army in the event of an external invasion) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1112,9 +1114,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index f940c3a1..3ff72186 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -522,7 +522,9 @@ "time difference": { "text": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, - "note": "etymology: derived from two words: \"Islam,\" an Urdu word referring to the religion of Islam, and \"-abad,\" a Persian suffix indicating an \"inhabited place\" or \"city,\" to render the meaning \"City of Islam\"" + "etymology": { + "text": "derived from two words: \"Islam,\" an Urdu word referring to the religion of Islam, and \"-abad,\" a Persian suffix indicating an \"inhabited place\" or \"city,\" to render the meaning \"City of Islam\"" + } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "4 provinces, 2 Pakistan-administered areas*, and 1 capital territory**; Azad Kashmir*, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh" @@ -564,17 +566,6 @@ "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of:
Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected by the 4 provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 70 members - 60 women and 10 non-Muslims - directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)" - }, - "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - bye-election held on 3 March 2021 (next to be held in March 2024)
National Assembly - last held on 25 July 2018 (next to be held on 25 July 2023)" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PTI 25, PPP 21, PML-N 18, BAP 13, JU-F 5, other 13, independent 5; composition - men 80, women 20, percent of women 20%

National Assembly - percent of votes by party NA; seats by party as of December 2019 - PTI 156, PML-N 84, PPP 55, MMA 16, MQM-P 7, BAP 5, PML-Q 5, BNP 4, GDA 3, AML 1, ANP 1, JWP 1, independent 4; composition - men 273, women 69, percent of women 20.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.1%" - } - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Arif ALVI (since 9 September 2018)" @@ -592,6 +583,17 @@ "text": "Arif ALVI elected president; Electoral College vote - Arif ALVI (PTI) 352, Fazl-ur-REHMAN (MMA) 184, Aitzaz AHSAN (PPP) 124; Imran KHAN elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - Imran KHAN (PTI) 176, Shehbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 96" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "description": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of:
Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected by the 4 provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 70 members - 60 women and 10 non-Muslims - directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)" + }, + "elections": { + "text": "
Senate - bye-election held on 3 March 2021 (next to be held in March 2024)
National Assembly - last held on 25 July 2018 (next to be held on 25 July 2023)" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PTI 25, PPP 21, PML-N 18, BAP 13, JU-F 5, other 13, independent 5; composition - men 80, women 20, percent of women 20%

National Assembly - percent of votes by party NA; seats by party as of December 2019 - PTI 156, PML-N 84, PPP 55, MMA 16, MQM-P 7, BAP 5, PML-Q 5, BNP 4, GDA 3, AML 1, ANP 1, JWP 1, independent 4; composition - men 273, women 69, percent of women 20.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.1%" + } + }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { "text": "Supreme Court of Pakistan (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges)" @@ -1196,6 +1198,9 @@ "note": "note:  the National Guard is a paramilitary force and one of the Army's reserve forces, along with the Pakistan Army Reserve, the Frontier Corps, and the Pakistan Rangers" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1207,9 +1212,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1221,11 +1223,11 @@ "Military deployments": { "text": "1,240 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,950 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 150 Mali (MINUSMA); 900 Sudan (UNAMID) (Jan 2021)" }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "16-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age 18; women serve in all three armed forces; reserve obligation to age 45 for enlisted men, age 50 for officers (2019)" - }, "Military - note": { "text": "the military has carried out three coups since Pakistan's independence in 1947 and remains the most influential political actor in the country" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "16-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age 18; women serve in all three armed forces; reserve obligation to age 45 for enlisted men, age 50 for officers (2019)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 5a07fddc..ad17c0e2 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -365,14 +365,14 @@ "International law organization participation": { "text": "all members of the UN are parties to the statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or World Court; states parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICCt) are those countries that have ratified or acceded to the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the Court; as of May 2019, a total of 122 countries have accepted jurisdiction of the ICCt (see Appendix B for a clarification on the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt)" }, - "Legislative branch": { - "text": "

there are 230 political entities with legislative bodies; of these 144 are unicameral (a single “house”) and 86 are bicameral (both upper and lower houses); note - while there are 195 countries in the world, 35 territories, possessions, or other special administrative units also have their own governing bodies

" - }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "there are 27 countries with royal families in the world, most are in Asia (13) and Europe (10), three are in Africa, and one in Oceania; monarchies by continent are as follows: Asia (Bahrain, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United Arab Emirates); Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom); Africa (Eswatini, Lesotho, Morocco); Oceania (Tonga); note that Andorra and the Holy See (Vatican) are also monarchies of a sort, but they are not ruled by royal houses; Andorra has two co-princes (the president of France and the bishop of Urgell) and the Holy See is ruled by an elected pope; note too that the sovereign of Great Britain is also the monarch for many of the countries (including Australia, Canada, Jamaica, New Zealand) that make up the Commonwealth" } }, + "Legislative branch": { + "text": "

there are 230 political entities with legislative bodies; of these 144 are unicameral (a single “house”) and 86 are bicameral (both upper and lower houses); note - while there are 195 countries in the world, 35 territories, possessions, or other special administrative units also have their own governing bodies

" + }, "Flag description": { "text": "while a \"World\" flag does not exist, the flag of the United Nations (UN) - adopted on 7 December 1946 - has been used on occasion to represent the entire planet; technically, however, it only represents the international organization itself; the flag displays the official emblem of the UN in white on a blue background; the emblem design shows a map of the world in an azimuthal equidistant projection centered on the North Pole, the image is flanked by two olive branches crossed below; blue was selected as the color to represent peace, in contrast to red usually associated with war; the map projection chosen includes all of the continents except Antarctica
", "note": "note: the flags of 12 nations: Austria, Botswana, Georgia, Jamaica, Japan, Laos, Latvia, Micronesia, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Switzerland, and Thailand have no top or bottom and may be flown with either long edge on top without any notice being taken"