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europe/al.json
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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of&nbsp;isolated communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents.</p> <p>Albania has made progress in its democratic development since it first&nbsp;held multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became an EU&nbsp;candidate. Albania in April 2017 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations following the passage of historic EU-mandated justice reforms in 2016. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles.</p>"
"text": "<p>Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of isolated communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents.</p> <p>Albania has made progress in its democratic development since it first held multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became an EU candidate. Albania in April 2017 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations following the passage of historic EU-mandated justice reforms in 2016. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
"text": "Albanian 98.8% (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek 0.5%, other 0.6% (including Macedonian, Romani, Vlach, Turkish, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Libri i Fakteve Boterore, burimi vital per informacione elementare. (Albanian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Libri i Fakteve Boterore, burimi vital per informacione elementare. (Albanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -303,13 +303,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "<.1 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<.1 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "1,400 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,400 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "21.7% (2016)"
@ -560,7 +562,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Party or PD [Lulzim BASHA]<br />Party for Justice, Integration and Unity or PDIU [Shpetim IDRIZI] (formerly part of APMI)<br />Social Democratic Party or PSD [Paskal MILO]<br />Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Monika KRYEMADHI]<br />Socialist Party or PS [Edi RAMA]"
"text": "Democratic Party or PD [Lulzim BASHA]<br>Party for Justice, Integration and Unity or PDIU [Shpetim IDRIZI] (formerly part of APMI)<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Paskal MILO]<br>Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Monika KRYEMADHI]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Edi RAMA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -617,7 +619,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania&rsquo;s economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone.</p> <p>Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption.</p> <p>Albania&rsquo;s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth.</p> <p>Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania&rsquo;s three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016.</p>"
"text": "<p>Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania’s economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone.</p> <p>Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption.</p> <p>Albania’s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth.</p> <p>Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania’s three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
@ -973,7 +975,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Albania&rsquo;s small telecom market has improved through signatory status of EU accession plan; EU financial aid will build infrastructure and enhance cooperation; operator committed &euro;100 million to upgrade fixed-line infrastructure, supporting broadband services nationally; consistent with the region, fixed-line telephony use and penetration is declining as subscribers prefer mobile solutions; mobile sector is supported through LTE networks; operators have invested in 5G, including the intention to create a corridor with Kosovo; importer of broadcasting equipment from EU neighbors (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Albania’s small telecom market has improved through signatory status of EU accession plan; EU financial aid will build infrastructure and enhance cooperation; operator committed €100 million to upgrade fixed-line infrastructure, supporting broadband services nationally; consistent with the region, fixed-line telephony use and penetration is declining as subscribers prefer mobile solutions; mobile sector is supported through LTE networks; operators have invested in 5G, including the intention to create a corridor with Kosovo; importer of broadcasting equipment from EU neighbors (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 8 per 100, teledensity continues to decline due to heavy use of mobile-cellular telephone services; mobile-cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective, 91 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)"
@ -1106,8 +1108,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note: </strong>details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix T</a>"
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note: </strong>details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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europe/an.json
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@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democrats for Andorra or DA [Xaviar ESPOT ZAMORA]<br />Social Democratic Party or PS [Vicenc ALFY FERRER]<br />Liberals of Andorra or L'A [Jordi GALLARDO FERNANDEZ]<br />Third Way/Lauredian Union [Josep PINTAT FORNE]<br />Social Democracy and Progress or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]<br />United for the Progress of Andorra or UPA [Alfons CLAVERA ARIZTI]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)",
"text": "Democrats for Andorra or DA [Xaviar ESPOT ZAMORA]<br>Social Democratic Party or PS [Vicenc ALFY FERRER]<br>Liberals of Andorra or L'A [Jordi GALLARDO FERNANDEZ]<br>Third Way/Lauredian Union [Josep PINTAT FORNE]<br>Social Democracy and Progress or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]<br>United for the Progress of Andorra or UPA [Alfons CLAVERA ARIZTI]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)"
},
"International organization participation": {

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europe/au.json
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@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
"text": "landslides; avalanches; earthquakes"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "note 1: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere<br /><br />note 2: the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers"
"text": "note 1: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere<br><br>note 2: the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Austrian 80.8%, German 2.6%,&nbsp; Bosnian and Herzegovinian 1.9%, Turkish 1.8%, Serbian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, other 10% (2018 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> data represent population by country of birth",
"text": "Austrian 80.8%, German 2.6%,  Bosnian and Herzegovinian 1.9%, Turkish 1.8%, Serbian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, other 10% (2018 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> data represent population by country of birth",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by country of birth"
},
"Languages": {
@ -116,12 +116,12 @@
"text": "German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in southern Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle f&uuml;r grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Catholic 57%, Eastern Orthodox 8.7%, Muslim 7.9%,&nbsp;Evangelical Christian&nbsp;3.3%, other/none/unspecified 23.1% (2018 est.)<br><br><strong>note:&nbsp; </strong>data on Muslim is a 2016 estimate; data on other/none/unspecified are from 2012-2018 estimates",
"note": "<strong>note:&nbsp; </strong>data on Muslim is a 2016 estimate; data on other/none/unspecified are from 2012-2018 estimates"
"text": "Catholic 57%, Eastern Orthodox 8.7%, Muslim 7.9%, Evangelical Christian 3.3%, other/none/unspecified 23.1% (2018 est.)<br><br><strong>note:  </strong>data on Muslim is a 2016 estimate; data on other/none/unspecified are from 2012-2018 estimates",
"note": "<strong>note:  </strong>data on Muslim is a 2016 estimate; data on other/none/unspecified are from 2012-2018 estimates"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -521,13 +521,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:<br />Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)<br />National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Federal Council - last appointed - NA<br />National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed - NA<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition&nbsp;- men 44, women 17, percent of women 27.9%&nbsp;<br />National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,&nbsp; NEOS 15; composition - men 115, women 68, percent of women 37.2%; note -&nbsp;total Federal Assembly percent of women 34.8% (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 44, women 17, percent of women 27.9% <br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition - men 115, women 68, percent of women 37.2%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 34.8% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Sebastian KURZ]<br />Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]<br />Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Herbert KICKI]<br />The Greens [Werner KOGLER]<br />NEOS - The New Austria [Beate MEINL-REISINGER]<br />NOW-Pilz List (JETZT-Liste Pilz) or PILZ [Maria STERN]<br />Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Pamela RENDI-WAGNER]"
"text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Sebastian KURZ]<br>Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]<br>Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Herbert KICKI]<br>The Greens [Werner KOGLER]<br>NEOS - The New Austria [Beate MEINL-REISINGER]<br>NOW-Pilz List (JETZT-Liste Pilz) or PILZ [Maria STERN]<br>Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Pamela RENDI-WAGNER]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@
}
},
"Communications - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Austrian National Library contains important collections of the Imperial Library of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Empire, as well as of the Austrian Republic; among its more than 12 million items are outstanding holdings of rare books, maps, globes, papyrus, and music; its Globe Museum is the only one in the world<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> on 1 October 1869, Austria-Hungary introduced the world's first postal card - postal stationery with an imprinted stamp indicating the prepayment of postage; simple and cheap (sent for a fraction of the cost of a regular letter), postal cards became an instant success, widely produced in the millions worldwide<br /><br /><strong>note 3:</strong> Austria followed up with the creation of the world's first commercial picture postcards - cards bearing a picture or photo to which postage is affixed - in May 1871; sent from Vienna, the image served as a souvenir of the city; together, postal cards and post cards served as the world's e-mails of the late 19th and early 20th centuries<br /><br /><strong>note 4:</strong> Austria was also an airmail pioneer; from March to October of 1918, it conducted the world's first regular (daily) airmail service - between the imperial cities of Vienna, Krakow, and Lemberg - a combined distance of some 650 km (400 mi) (earlier airmail services had been set up in a few parts of the world, but only for short stretches and none lasted beyond a few days or weeks); an expansion of the route in June of 1918 allowed private mail to be flown to Kyiv, in newly independent Ukraine, which made the route the world's first regular international airmail service (covering a distance of some 1,200 km; 750 mi)"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Austrian National Library contains important collections of the Imperial Library of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Empire, as well as of the Austrian Republic; among its more than 12 million items are outstanding holdings of rare books, maps, globes, papyrus, and music; its Globe Museum is the only one in the world<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> on 1 October 1869, Austria-Hungary introduced the world's first postal card - postal stationery with an imprinted stamp indicating the prepayment of postage; simple and cheap (sent for a fraction of the cost of a regular letter), postal cards became an instant success, widely produced in the millions worldwide<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> Austria followed up with the creation of the world's first commercial picture postcards - cards bearing a picture or photo to which postage is affixed - in May 1871; sent from Vienna, the image served as a souvenir of the city; together, postal cards and post cards served as the world's e-mails of the late 19th and early 20th centuries<br><br><strong>note 4:</strong> Austria was also an airmail pioneer; from March to October of 1918, it conducted the world's first regular (daily) airmail service - between the imperial cities of Vienna, Krakow, and Lemberg - a combined distance of some 650 km (400 mi) (earlier airmail services had been set up in a few parts of the world, but only for short stretches and none lasted beyond a few days or weeks); an expansion of the route in June of 1918 allowed private mail to be flown to Kyiv, in newly independent Ukraine, which made the route the world's first regular international airmail service (covering a distance of some 1,200 km; 750 mi)"
}
},
"Transportation": {
@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Austrian Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces<span id=\"support\" class=\"greybox grey3lines\"></span> (2021)"
"text": "Austrian Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Austrian Armed Forces have approximately 23,000 total active duty personnel (13,000 Land Forces; 2,500 Air Force; 7,500 other) (2020)"
"text": "the Austrian Armed Forces have approximately 23,000 total active duty personnel (13,000 Land Forces; 2,500 Air Force; 7,500 other, support forces) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Austrian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons systems from European countries and the US; since 2010, Germany and Italy are the leading suppliers of armaments to Austria; the Austrian defense industry produces a range of equipment and partners with other countries (2020)"
@ -1127,8 +1127,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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europe/ax.json
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
"text": "English, Greek"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />&Tau;&omicron; &Pi;&alpha;&gamma;&kappa;ό&sigma;&mu;&iota;&omicron; &Beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;ί&omicron; &Delta;&epsilon;&delta;&omicron;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu;, &eta; &alpha;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;ί&tau;&eta;&tau;&eta; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή &beta;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;ώ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&iota;ώ&nu;. (Greek)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {

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europe/be.json
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@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)<br /><br />The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)<br><br>The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -530,13 +530,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br />Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)<br /> Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)<br> Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)</p> Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU elections"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%<br /><br />Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&amp;V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&amp;V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%<br><br>Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&amp;V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&amp;V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform"
},
@ -552,7 +552,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<strong>Flemish parties:</strong> <br />Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&amp;V [Joachim COENS]<br />Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Egbert LACHAERT]<br />Groen or Green [Meyrem ALMACI] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)<br />New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]<br />Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [Conner ROUSSEAU]<br />Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]<br /><strong>Francophone parties:</strong> <br />Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Marc NOLLET, Rajae MAOUANE]<br />Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Olivier MAINGAIN]<br />Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Maxine PREVOT]<br />People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN]<br />Reform Movement or MR [George-Louis BOUCHEZ]<br />Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]<br />Workers' Party or PTB [Peter MERTENS]<br />other minor parties"
"text": "<strong>Flemish parties:</strong> <br>Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&amp;V [Joachim COENS]<br>Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Egbert LACHAERT]<br>Groen or Green [Meyrem ALMACI] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)<br>New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]<br>Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [Conner ROUSSEAU]<br>Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]<br><strong>Francophone parties:</strong> <br>Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Marc NOLLET, Rajae MAOUANE]<br>Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Olivier MAINGAIN]<br>Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Maxine PREVOT]<br>People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN]<br>Reform Movement or MR [George-Louis BOUCHEZ]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]<br>Workers' Party or PTB [Peter MERTENS]<br>other minor parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1141,13 +1141,13 @@
"text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1995 (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 <br /><br />in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
"text": "Belgium is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 <br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

18
europe/bk.json
View file

@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
"text": "Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Bosnian/Montenegrin)<br /><br />Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)<br /><br />Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Bosnian/Montenegrin)<br><br>Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)<br><br>Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Chairman of the Presidency Milorad DODIK (chairman since 20 November 2020; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat)"
"text": "Chairman of the Presidency Zeljko KOMSIC&nbsp; (chairman since 20 July 2021; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran TEGELTIJA &nbsp;(since 5 December 2019)"
@ -541,13 +541,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:<br />House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)<br />House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:<br>House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)<br />House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
"text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%<br />House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of&nbsp;women 19.3%"
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]<br />Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]<br />Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC]<br />Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC]<br />Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]<br />Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDU-BiH [Miro GRABOVAC-TITAN]<br />Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]<br />Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Ilija CVITANOVIC]<br />Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP-AS Bih [Karlo STARCEVIC]<br />Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Nedeljko CUBRILOVIC]<br />Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]<br />Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC]<br />Independent Bloc or NB [Senad SEPIC]<br />Movement for Democratic Action or PDA [Mirsad KUKIC]<br />Progressive Srpska or NS [Goran DORDIC]<br />Our Party or NS/HC [Predrag KOJOVIC]<br />Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]<br />Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]<br />People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC]<br />Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Vukota GOVEDARICA]<br />Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Vojislav SESELJ] (members joined the PDP)<br />Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]<br />Socialist Party or SP [Petar DOKIC]<br />United Srpska or US [Nenad STEVANDIC]"
"text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]<br>Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]<br>Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC]<br>Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC]<br>Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]<br>Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDU-BiH [Miro GRABOVAC-TITAN]<br>Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]<br>Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Ilija CVITANOVIC]<br>Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP-AS Bih [Karlo STARCEVIC]<br>Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Nedeljko CUBRILOVIC]<br>Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]<br>Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC]<br>Independent Bloc or NB [Senad SEPIC]<br>Movement for Democratic Action or PDA [Mirsad KUKIC]<br>Progressive Srpska or NS [Goran DORDIC]<br>Our Party or NS/HC [Predrag KOJOVIC]<br>Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]<br>Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]<br>People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC]<br>Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Vukota GOVEDARICA]<br>Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Vojislav SESELJ] (members joined the PDP)<br>Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Petar DOKIC]<br>United Srpska or US [Nenad STEVANDIC]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
@ -1134,8 +1134,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "66 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 78,828 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 79,488 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {

26
europe/bo.json
View file

@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"text": "Russian (official) 70.2%, Belarusian (official) 23.4%, other 3.1% (includes small Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking minorities), unspecified 3.3% (2009 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Книга фактов о мире &ndash; незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -244,8 +244,8 @@
"text": "1.51 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "72.1% (2017)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>&nbsp; percent of women aged 18-49",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>&nbsp; percent of women aged 18-49"
"text": "71.2% (2017)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>  percent of women aged 18-49",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>  percent of women aged 18-49"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
@ -297,13 +297,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "28,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "28,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<200 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;200 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "24.5% (2016)"
@ -472,7 +474,7 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16&nbsp;km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found&nbsp;"
"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found "
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "6 provinces (voblastsi, singular - voblasts') and 1 municipality* (horad); Brest, Homyel' (Gomel'), Horad Minsk* (Minsk City), Hrodna (Grodno), Mahilyow (Mogilev), Minsk, Vitsyebsk (Vitebsk)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; Russian spelling provided for reference when different from Belarusian",
@ -534,13 +536,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of:<br />Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br />House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of:<br>Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br />House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat"
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA<br />House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%; note - total National Assembly percent of women - NA"
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%; note - total National Assembly percent of women - NA"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly"
},
@ -556,7 +558,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<strong>pro-government parties:</strong> <br />Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKY]<br />Belarusian Patriotic Party [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH]<br />Belarusian Social Sport Party [Vladimir ALEKSANDROVICH]<br />Communist Party of Belarus or KPB [Aleksei SOKOL]<br />Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH]<br />Republican Party [Vladimir BELOZOR]<br />Republican Party of Labor and Justice [Vasiliy ZADNEPRYANIY]<br />Social Democratic Party of Popular Accord [Sergei YERMAK]<br /><strong>opposition parties:</strong> <br />Belarusian Christian Democracy Party [Paval SEVIARYNETS, Volha KAVALKOVA, Vital RYMASHEWSKI] (unregistered)<br />Belarusian Party of the Green [Anastasiya DOROFEYEVA]<br />Belarusian Party of the Left \"Just World\" [Sergey KALYAKIN]<br />Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [Ryhor KASTUSEU]<br />Belarusian Social-Democratic Assembly [Sergei CHERECHEN]<br />Belarusian Social Democratic Party (\"Assembly\") or BSDPH [Ihar BARYSAU]<br />Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) [Mikalay STATKEVICH] (unregistered)<br />Christian Conservative Party or BPF [Zyanon PAZNYAK]<br />United Civic Party or UCP [Nikolay KOZLOV]"
"text": "<strong>pro-government parties:</strong> <br>Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKY]<br>Belarusian Patriotic Party [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH]<br>Belarusian Social Sport Party [Vladimir ALEKSANDROVICH]<br>Communist Party of Belarus or KPB [Aleksei SOKOL]<br>Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH]<br>Republican Party [Vladimir BELOZOR]<br>Republican Party of Labor and Justice [Vasiliy ZADNEPRYANIY]<br>Social Democratic Party of Popular Accord [Sergei YERMAK]<br><strong>opposition parties:</strong> <br>Belarusian Christian Democracy Party [Paval SEVIARYNETS, Volha KAVALKOVA, Vital RYMASHEWSKI] (unregistered)<br>Belarusian Party of the Green [Anastasiya DOROFEYEVA]<br>Belarusian Party of the Left \"Just World\" [Sergey KALYAKIN]<br>Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [Ryhor KASTUSEU]<br>Belarusian Social-Democratic Assembly [Sergei CHERECHEN]<br>Belarusian Social Democratic Party (\"Assembly\") or BSDPH [Ihar BARYSAU]<br>Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) [Mikalay STATKEVICH] (unregistered)<br>Christian Conservative Party or BPF [Zyanon PAZNYAK]<br>United Civic Party or UCP [Nikolay KOZLOV]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CEI, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC"
@ -1126,7 +1128,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Belarus Armed Forces have approximately 45,000 active duty troops; information on the individual services varies widely, but includes about 25,000 Army, 15,000 Air/Air Defense, and 5,000 Special Operations forces (2020)"
"text": "the Belarus Armed Forces have approximately 45,000 active duty troops; information on the individual services varies, but probably includes about 25,000 Army, 15,000 Air/Air Defense, and 5,000 Special Operations forces (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Belarus Armed Forces is comprised of Russian-origin equipment; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment, including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2021)"

18
europe/bu.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Romani 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Светoвен Алманах, незаменимият източник за основна информация. (Bulgarian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Светoвен Алманах, незаменимият източник за основна информация. (Bulgarian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -547,10 +547,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 4 April 2021 (snap election to be held on 11 July 2021); note - a snap election was called after a third attempt to form a government failed on 5 May 2021, parliament will be dissolved and an interim government will be appointed"
"text": "last held on 11 July 2021 (snap election to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - GERB-SDS 25.8%, ITN 17.4%, BSP 14.8%, DPS 10.4%, DB&nbsp; 9.3%, ISMV 4.7%, other 17.6%; seats by party/coalition - GERB-SDS 75, ITN 51, BSP 43, DPS 30, DB 27 ISMV 14"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - ITN 23.8%, GERB-SDS 23.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 13.2%, DB 12.5%, DPS 10.6%, ISMV 5%, other 11.7%; seats by party/coalition ITN 65, GERB-SDS 63, BSP for Bulgaria 36, DB 34, DPS 29, ISMV 13"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -565,7 +565,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Agrarian People's Union or ZNS [Roumen YONCHEV]<br />Bulgarian Agrarian People&rsquo;s Union [Nikolay NENCHEV]<br />Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Korneliya NINOVA] (alliance of BSP, ZNS, PKT, New Dawn, Ecoglasnost)<br />Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Dimiter DELCHEV]]<br />Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB (alliance with SDS) [Boyko BORISSOV]<br />Democratic Bulgaria or DB (alliance of Yes! Bulgaria, DSB, and The Greens) [Atanas ATANASOV, Hristo IVANOV]<br />Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Atanas ATANASOV]Ecoglasnost [Emil GEORGIEV]<br />Green Movement or The Greens [Borislav SANDOV, Vladislav PENEV]<br />Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Mustafa KARADAYI]<br />Movement 21 or D21 [Tatyana DONCHEVA]New Dawn [Mincho MINCHEV]Political Club Thrace or PKT [Stefan NACHEZ]<br />Stand Up.BG or IS.BG [Maya MONOLOVA]<br />Stand Up! Mafia, Get Out! or ISMV (coalition of IS.BG, D21, DBG, ENP, ZNS, and Volt) [Maya MONOLOVA, Nikolay HADZHIGENOV]&nbsp; <br />There is Such a People or ITN [SLAVI TRIFONOV]<br />United People's Party or ENP [Valentina VASILEVA]<br />Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Rumen HRISTOV]<br />Yes! Bulgaria [Hristo IVANOV]<br />Volt Bulgaria or Volt [Nastimir ANANIEV]"
"text": "Agrarian People's Union or ZNS [Roumen YONCHEV]<br>Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union [Nikolay NENCHEV]<br>Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Korneliya NINOVA] (alliance of BSP, ZNS, PKT, New Dawn, Ecoglasnost)<br>Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Dimiter DELCHEV]]<br>Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB (alliance with SDS) [Boyko BORISSOV]<br>Democratic Bulgaria or DB (alliance of Yes! Bulgaria, DSB, and The Greens) [Atanas ATANASOV, Hristo IVANOV]<br>Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Atanas ATANASOV]<br>Ecoglasnost [Emil GEORGIEV]<br>Green Movement or The Greens [Borislav SANDOV, Vladislav PENEV]<br>Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Mustafa KARADAYI]<br>Movement 21 or D21 [Tatyana DONCHEVA]<br>New Dawn [Mincho MINCHEV]<br>Political Club Thrace or PKT [Stefan NACHEZ]<br>Stand Up.BG or IS.BG [Maya MONOLOVA]<br>Stand Up! Mafia, Get Out! or ISMV (coalition of IS.BG, D21, DBG, ENP, ZNS, and Volt) [Maya MONOLOVA, Nikolay HADZHIGENOV]  <br>There is Such a People or ITN [SLAVI TRIFONOV]<br>United People's Party or ENP [Valentina VASILEVA-FILADELFEVS]<br>Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Rumen HRISTOV]<br>Yes! Bulgaria [Hristo IVANOV]<br>Volt Bulgaria or Volt [Nastimir ANANIEV]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -989,7 +989,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Bulgaria&rsquo;s telecoms sector benefited from adaptation of EU regulatory measures and privatization; population is moving to fiber over DSL for broadband connection; investment towards rural areas; migration from fixed-line voice to mobile and VoIP; private networks pursuing upgrades and development of services based on 5G; broadband market in Bulgaria enjoys cross-platform competition; operators deploy NB-IoT platform in several cities and released smart platform for utilities; government launched e-learning platform to help students continue their studies during lockdown (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Bulgaria’s telecoms sector benefited from adaptation of EU regulatory measures and privatization; population is moving to fiber over DSL for broadband connection; investment towards rural areas; migration from fixed-line voice to mobile and VoIP; private networks pursuing upgrades and development of services based on 5G; broadband market in Bulgaria enjoys cross-platform competition; operators deploy NB-IoT platform in several cities and released smart platform for utilities; government launched e-learning platform to help students continue their studies during lockdown (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 14 per 100 persons, mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, is over 116 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces have approximately 32,000 active duty personnel (16,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 7,000 Air Force; 5,000 other) (2020)"
"text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces have approximately 30,000 active duty personnel (16,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 7,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, joint staff, support) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years Bulgaria has procured limited amounts of more modern weapons systems from Western countries, including France, Italy, Norway, and the US (2020)"
@ -1158,8 +1158,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,141 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 60,701 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 60,715 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions"

16
europe/cy.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6%; note - data represent only the Republic of Cyprus (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />&Tau;&omicron; &Pi;&alpha;&gamma;&kappa;ό&sigma;&mu;&iota;&omicron; &Beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;ί&omicron; &Delta;&epsilon;&delta;&omicron;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu;, &eta; &alpha;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;ί&tau;&eta;&tau;&eta; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή &beta;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;ώ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&iota;ώ&nu;. (Greek)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -469,8 +469,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" or \"TRNC\" (\"Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti\" or \"KKTC\")"
},
"Government type": {
"text": "Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (self-declared) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency<br><br><strong>note:</strong> a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,&rdquo; which is recognized only by Turkey",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,&rdquo; which is recognized only by Turkey"
"text": "Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (self-declared) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency<br><br><strong>note:</strong> a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,” which is recognized only by Turkey",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,” which is recognized only by Turkey"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
"text": "ratified 16 August 1960; note - in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"); in 1985, the \"TRNC\" approved its own constitution"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended many times, last in 2020;<br />constitution of the &ldquo;Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus&rdquo; - proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014"
"text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended many times, last in 2020;<br>constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” - proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
"election results": {
"text": "Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Savros MALAS 44%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 202 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; results - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; the second round to be held on 18 October&nbsp;"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 202 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; results - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; the second round to be held on 18 October "
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<strong>area under government control:</strong> <br />Citizens' Alliance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS]<br />Democratic Front or DiPa [Marios GAROYIAN]<br />Democratic Party or DIKO [Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS]<br />Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU]<br />Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance [Theopemptou CHARALAMBOS]<br />Movement of Social Democrats EDEK [Marinos SIZOPOULOS]<br />National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU]<br />Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist party) [Andros KYPRIANOU]<br /><br /><strong>area administered by Turkish Cypriots:</strong> <br />Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Cemal OZYIGIT]<br />Communal Liberation Party-New Forces or TKP-YG [Mehmet CAKICI]<br />Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Mehmet BIRINCI]<br />Democratic Party or DP [Serdar DENKTAS]<br />National Democratic Party or NDP [Buray BUSKUVUTCU]<br />National Unity Party or UBP [Ersin TATAR]<br />New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI]<br />People's Party or HP [Kudret OZERSAY]<br />Rebirth Party or YDP [Erhan ARIKLI]<br />Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Tufan ERHURMAN]<br />United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]"
"text": "<strong>area under government control:</strong> <br>Citizens' Alliance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS]<br>Democratic Front or DiPa [Marios GAROYIAN]<br>Democratic Party or DIKO [Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS]<br>Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU]<br>Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance [Theopemptou CHARALAMBOS]<br>Movement of Social Democrats EDEK [Marinos SIZOPOULOS]<br>National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU]<br>Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist party) [Andros KYPRIANOU]<br><br><strong>area administered by Turkish Cypriots:</strong> <br>Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Cemal OZYIGIT]<br>Communal Liberation Party-New Forces or TKP-YG [Mehmet CAKICI]<br>Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Mehmet BIRINCI]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Serdar DENKTAS]<br>National Democratic Party or NDP [Buray BUSKUVUTCU]<br>National Unity Party or UBP [Ersin TATAR]<br>New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI]<br>People's Party or HP [Kudret OZERSAY]<br>Rebirth Party or YDP [Erhan ARIKLI]<br>Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Tufan ERHURMAN]<br>United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -995,7 +995,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>despite the&nbsp;growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market is dominated by its state-owned operator; one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform as broadband is restricted to a few towns; fixed-line and mobile cable infrastructure available for more than half of premises; fiber infrastructure in development; improved regulations provide confidence for investment in network infrastructure and competing services; operator expanded FttP services and initiated cable connection to France and Egypt; operator signed vendor agreement with international investor, Huawei, to develop 5G; operators extended LTE services and upgraded transmission capacity on TE-North Cable System (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market is dominated by its state-owned operator; one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform as broadband is restricted to a few towns; fixed-line and mobile cable infrastructure available for more than half of premises; fiber infrastructure in development; improved regulations provide confidence for investment in network infrastructure and competing services; operator expanded FttP services and initiated cable connection to France and Egypt; operator signed vendor agreement with international investor, Huawei, to develop 5G; operators extended LTE services and upgraded transmission capacity on TE-North Cable System (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line is 37 per 100, and&nbsp;&nbsp;144 per 100 for mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)"
@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Cypriot National Guard has approximately 13-15,000 total active duty personnel (2020)"
"text": "the Cypriot National Guard has approximately 15,000 total active duty personnel (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Cypriot National Guard is a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern weapons systems; since 2010, it has received equipment from France, Israel, Italy, Oman, and Russia (2020)"

22
europe/da.json
View file

@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
"text": "Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority); note - English is the predominant second language"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Verdens Faktabog, den uundv&aelig;rlig kilde til grundl&aelig;ggende oplysninger. (Danish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Verdens Faktabog, den uundværlig kilde til grundlæggende oplysninger. (Danish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -307,13 +307,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "6,200 (2018 est.)"
"text": "6,700 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2018 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "19.7% (2016)"
@ -469,7 +471,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note - applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\" <strong><br /></strong>"
"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\" <strong><br></strong>"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)"
@ -548,7 +550,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "The Alternative A or AP (Franciska ROSENKILDE)<br />Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]<br />Danish People's Party or DF or O [Kristian THULESEN DAHL]<br />Liberal Alliance or LA [Alex VANOPSLAGH]<br />Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]<br />New Right Party or D or NB [Pernille VERMUND]<br />Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]<br />Social Democrats or A or SDP [Mette FREDERIKSEN]<br />Social Liberal Party or B or SLP [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]<br />Socialist People's Party or SF [Pia OLSEN DYHR]"
"text": "The Alternative A or AP (Franciska ROSENKILDE)<br>Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]<br>Danish People's Party or DF or O [Kristian THULESEN DAHL]<br>Liberal Alliance or LA [Alex VANOPSLAGH]<br>Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]<br>New Right Party or D or NB [Pernille VERMUND]<br>Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]<br>Social Democrats or A or SDP [Mette FREDERIKSEN]<br>Social Liberal Party or B or SLP [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]<br>Socialist People's Party or SF [Pia OLSEN DYHR]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1127,7 +1129,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Danish military has approximately 18,000 active duty personnel (8,500 Army; 3,500 Navy; 3,500 Air Force; 2,500 joint/other) (2020)"
"text": "the Danish military has approximately 16,000 active duty personnel (8,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 2,000 other) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Danish military inventory is comprised of a mix of modern European, US, and domestically-produced equipment; the US is the largest supplier of military equipment to Denmark since 2010, followed by Germany and the Netherlands; the Danish defense industry is active in the production of naval vessels, defense electronics, and subcomponents of larger weapons systems, such as the US F-35 fighter aircraft (2020)"
@ -1139,13 +1141,13 @@
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish Military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Denmark is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br /><br />in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
"text": "Denmark is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
europe/dx.json
View file

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
"text": "English, Greek"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />&Tau;&omicron; &Pi;&alpha;&gamma;&kappa;ό&sigma;&mu;&iota;&omicron; &Beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;ί&omicron; &Delta;&epsilon;&delta;&omicron;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu;, &eta; &alpha;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;ί&tau;&eta;&tau;&eta; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή &beta;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;ώ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&iota;ώ&nu;. (Greek)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {

42
europe/ee.json
View file

@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"total": {
"text": "4,236,351 sq km"
},
"note": "<strong>rank by area (sq km):<br /></strong>1. France (includes five overseas regions) 643,801 <br />2. Spain 505,370 <br />3. Sweden 450,295 <br />4. Germany 357,022 <br />5. Finland 338,145 <br />6. Poland 312,685 <br />7. Italy 301,340<br />8. Romania 238,391 <br />9. Greece 131,957 <br />10. Bulgaria 110,879 <br />11. Hungary 93,028 <br />12. Portugal 92,090 <br />13. Austria 83,871 <br />14. Czechia 78,867 <br />15. Ireland 70,273 <br />16. Lithuania 65,300 <br />17. Latvia 64,589 <br />18. Croatia 56,594 <br />19. Slovakia 49,035 <br />20. Estonia 45,228 <br />21. Denmark 43,094 <br />22. Netherlands 41,543 <br />23. Belgium 30,528 <br />24. Slovenia 20,273 <br />25. Cyprus 9,251 <br />26. Luxembourg 2,586 <br />27. Malta 316"
"note": "<strong>rank by area (sq km):<br></strong>1. France (includes five overseas regions) 643,801 <br>2. Spain 505,370 <br>3. Sweden 450,295 <br>4. Germany 357,022 <br>5. Finland 338,145 <br>6. Poland 312,685 <br>7. Italy 301,340<br>8. Romania 238,391 <br>9. Greece 131,957 <br>10. Bulgaria 110,879 <br>11. Hungary 93,028 <br>12. Portugal 92,090 <br>13. Austria 83,871 <br>14. Czechia 78,867 <br>15. Ireland 70,273 <br>16. Lithuania 65,300 <br>17. Latvia 64,589 <br>18. Croatia 56,594 <br>19. Slovakia 49,035 <br>20. Estonia 45,228 <br>21. Denmark 43,094 <br>22. Netherlands 41,543 <br>23. Belgium 30,528 <br>24. Slovenia 20,273 <br>25. Cyprus 9,251 <br>26. Luxembourg 2,586 <br>27. Malta 316"
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "less than one-half the size of the US"
@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": " 450,131,902 (July 2021 est.)<br><br><span class=\"category\"><strong>rank by population:</strong> </span>\r\n<div class=\"category_data\">\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Germany - 79,903,481;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>France - 68,084,217;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Italy - 62,390,364;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Spain - 47,260,584;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Poland - 38,185,913;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Romania - 21,230,362;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Netherlands - 17,337,403;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Belgium - 11,778,842;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Czechia - 10,702,596;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Greece - 10,569,703;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Portugal - 10,263,850;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Sweden - 10,261,767;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Hungary - 9,728,337;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Austria - 8,884,864;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Bulgaria - 6,919,180;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Denmark - 5,894,687;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Finland - 5,587,442;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Slovakia - 5,436,066;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Ireland - 5,224,884;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Croatia - 4,208,973;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Lithuania - 2,711,566;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Slovenia - 2,102,106;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Latvia - 1,862,687;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Cyprus - 1,281,506;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Estonia - 1,220,042;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Luxembourg - 639,589;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Malta - 460,891 (July 2021 est.)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</div>",
"note": "<span class=\"category\"><strong>rank by population:</strong> </span>\r\n<div class=\"category_data\">\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Germany - 79,903,481;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>France - 68,084,217;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Italy - 62,390,364;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Spain - 47,260,584;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Poland - 38,185,913;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Romania - 21,230,362;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Netherlands - 17,337,403;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Belgium - 11,778,842;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Czechia - 10,702,596;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Greece - 10,569,703;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Portugal - 10,263,850;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Sweden - 10,261,767;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Hungary - 9,728,337;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Austria - 8,884,864;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Bulgaria - 6,919,180;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Denmark - 5,894,687;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Finland - 5,587,442;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Slovakia - 5,436,066;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Ireland - 5,224,884;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Croatia - 4,208,973;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Lithuania - 2,711,566;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Slovenia - 2,102,106;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Latvia - 1,862,687;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Cyprus - 1,281,506;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Estonia - 1,220,042;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Luxembourg - 639,589;&nbsp;</li>\r\n<li>Malta - 460,891 (July 2021 est.)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</div>"
"text": " 450,131,902 (July 2021 est.)<br><br><strong>rank by population:</strong> \r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Germany - 79,903,481; </li>\r\n<li>France - 68,084,217; </li>\r\n<li>Italy - 62,390,364; </li>\r\n<li>Spain - 47,260,584; </li>\r\n<li>Poland - 38,185,913; </li>\r\n<li>Romania - 21,230,362; </li>\r\n<li>Netherlands - 17,337,403; </li>\r\n<li>Belgium - 11,778,842; </li>\r\n<li>Czechia - 10,702,596; </li>\r\n<li>Greece - 10,569,703; </li>\r\n<li>Portugal - 10,263,850; </li>\r\n<li>Sweden - 10,261,767; </li>\r\n<li>Hungary - 9,728,337; </li>\r\n<li>Austria - 8,884,864; </li>\r\n<li>Bulgaria - 6,919,180; </li>\r\n<li>Denmark - 5,894,687; </li>\r\n<li>Finland - 5,587,442; </li>\r\n<li>Slovakia - 5,436,066; </li>\r\n<li>Ireland - 5,224,884; </li>\r\n<li>Croatia - 4,208,973; </li>\r\n<li>Lithuania - 2,711,566; </li>\r\n<li>Slovenia - 2,102,106; </li>\r\n<li>Latvia - 1,862,687; </li>\r\n<li>Cyprus - 1,281,506; </li>\r\n<li>Estonia - 1,220,042; </li>\r\n<li>Luxembourg - 639,589; </li>\r\n<li>Malta - 460,891 (July 2021 est.)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n",
"note": "<strong>rank by population:</strong> \r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Germany - 79,903,481; </li>\r\n<li>France - 68,084,217; </li>\r\n<li>Italy - 62,390,364; </li>\r\n<li>Spain - 47,260,584; </li>\r\n<li>Poland - 38,185,913; </li>\r\n<li>Romania - 21,230,362; </li>\r\n<li>Netherlands - 17,337,403; </li>\r\n<li>Belgium - 11,778,842; </li>\r\n<li>Czechia - 10,702,596; </li>\r\n<li>Greece - 10,569,703; </li>\r\n<li>Portugal - 10,263,850; </li>\r\n<li>Sweden - 10,261,767; </li>\r\n<li>Hungary - 9,728,337; </li>\r\n<li>Austria - 8,884,864; </li>\r\n<li>Bulgaria - 6,919,180; </li>\r\n<li>Denmark - 5,894,687; </li>\r\n<li>Finland - 5,587,442; </li>\r\n<li>Slovakia - 5,436,066; </li>\r\n<li>Ireland - 5,224,884; </li>\r\n<li>Croatia - 4,208,973; </li>\r\n<li>Lithuania - 2,711,566; </li>\r\n<li>Slovenia - 2,102,106; </li>\r\n<li>Latvia - 1,862,687; </li>\r\n<li>Cyprus - 1,281,506; </li>\r\n<li>Estonia - 1,220,042; </li>\r\n<li>Luxembourg - 639,589; </li>\r\n<li>Malta - 460,891 (July 2021 est.)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only the 24 official languages are listed; German, the major language of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - about 16% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken foreign language - about 29% of the EU population is conversant with it (2020)",
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
"text": "note - see individual entries of member states"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring regionally; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the European Union&rsquo;s Schengen Area (comprised of the following 26 European states: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring regionally; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the European Union’s Schengen Area (comprised of the following 26 European states: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "4.6% of GDP (2017)"
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
}
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring regionally; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the European Union&rsquo;s Schengen Area (comprised of the following 26 European states: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring regionally; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the European Union’s Schengen Area (comprised of the following 26 European states: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
}
},
"Government": {
@ -285,8 +285,8 @@
"text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state"
},
"Executive branch": {
"text": "<p>under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:<br /><em>European Council </em>- brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)<br /><em>Council of the European Commission</em> - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy<br /><em>European Commission</em> - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Belgium) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.</p><br><br><strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU&rsquo;s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU&rsquo;s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010"
"text": "<p>under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:<br><em>European Council </em>- brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)<br><em>Council of the European Commission</em> - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy<br><em>European Commission</em> - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Belgium) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.</p><br><br><strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between national capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the ECJ is the supreme judicial authority of the EU; it ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputed issues among the EU institutions and with member states, and reviews issues and opinions regarding questions of EU law referred by member state courts"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Manon AUBRY and Martin SCHIRDEWAN]<br />European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Raffaele FITTO and Ryszard LEGUTKO]<br />European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Ska KELLER, Philippe LAMBERTS]<br />European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER]<br />Identity and Democracy Party or ID [Marco ZANNI]<br />Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&amp;D [Iratxe PEREZ]<br />Renew Europe - RE (successor to Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE) [Dacian CIOLOS]"
"text": "European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Manon AUBRY and Martin SCHIRDEWAN]<br>European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Raffaele FITTO and Ryszard LEGUTKO]<br>European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Ska KELLER, Philippe LAMBERTS]<br>European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER]<br>Identity and Democracy Party or ID [Marco ZANNI]<br>Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&amp;D [Iratxe PEREZ]<br>Renew Europe - RE (successor to Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE) [Dacian CIOLOS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-8, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)"
@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency &ndash; the euro &ndash; circulates among 19 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; seven other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc&rsquo;s recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU&rsquo;s recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB&rsquo;s efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB&rsquo;s statutory target of just under 2%.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU&rsquo;s future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK&rsquo;s exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU&rsquo;s ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors&rsquo; fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement.</p>"
"text": "<p>The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs.</p> <p> </p> <p>Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 19 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; seven other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria.</p> <p> </p> <p>The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc’s recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU’s recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB’s efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB’s statutory target of just under 2%.</p> <p> </p> <p>Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU’s future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK’s exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU’s ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors’ fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
@ -792,30 +792,32 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "the European Union Military Committee (EUMC) is the EU's highest military body; it is composed of the chiefs of defense of the Member States, who are regularly represented by their permanent Military Representatives; the EUMC provides the Political and Security Committee (PSC) with advice and recommendations on all military matters within the EU"
"text": "<p>the EU's Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) provides the civilian, military, and political structures for EU crisis management and security issues; the highest bodies are:</p> <p>the <strong>Political and Security Committee (PSC)</strong>, which meets at the ambassadorial level as a preparatory body for the Council of the EU; it assists with defining policies and preparing a crisis response</p> <p>the <strong>European Union Military Committee (EUMC)</strong> is the EU's highest military body; it is composed of the chiefs of defense (CHODs) of the Member States, who are regularly represented by their permanent Military Representatives; the EUMC provides the PSC with advice and recommendations on all military matters within the EU</p> <p>the <strong>Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM) </strong>provides advice and recommendations to the PSC in parallel with the EUMC on civilian aspects of crisis management</p> <p>the<strong> Politico-Military Group (PMG)</strong> provides advice and recommendations to the PSC on political aspects of EU military and civil-military issues, including concepts, capabilities and operations and missions, and monitors implementation</p> <p>other bodies set up under the CSDP include; the Security and Defense Policy Directorate (SECDEFPOL, the Integrated approach for Security and Peace Directorate (ISP), the EU Military Staff (EUMS), the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC), the Military  Planning  and  Conduct  Capability  (MPCC), the European Defense Agency, the European Security and Defense College (ESDC), the EU Institute for Security Studies, and the EU Satellite Center</p>"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2018": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2018)"
"text": "1.36% of GDP (2018)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
"text": "1.49% of GDP (2017)"
"text": "1.35% of GDP (2017)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2016": {
"text": "1.48% of GDP (2016)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2015": {
"text": "1.48% of GDP (2015)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2014": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2014)"
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)"
}
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "since 2003, the EU has launched more than 30 civilian and military crisis-management, advisory, and training missions in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, as well as counter-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia and a naval operation in the Mediterranean to disrupt human smuggling and trafficking networks and prevent the loss of life at sea"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Eurocorps, formally established in 1992 and activated the following year, began in 1987 as a French-German Brigade; Belgium (1993), Spain (1994), and Luxembourg (1996) joined over the next few years; five additional countries participate in Eurocorps as associated nations: Greece, Poland, and Turkey (since 2002), Italy and Romania (joined in 2009 and 2016 respectively); Eurocorps is headquartered in Strasbourg, France (2021)"
"text": "the EU partners with NATO<br><br>Eurocorps, which supports both the EU and NATO, was formally established in 1992 and activated the following year, began in 1987 as a French-German Brigade; Belgium (1993), Spain (1994), and Luxembourg (1996) joined over the next few years; five additional countries participate in Eurocorps as associated nations: Greece, Poland, and Turkey (since 2002), Italy and Romania (since 2009 and 2016 respectively); Eurocorps is headquartered in Strasbourg, France (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "see individual EU member states"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

26
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -243,10 +243,6 @@
"Total fertility rate": {
"text": "1.93 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "73.3% (2010)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-45",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-45"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
"text": "urban: 97% of population"
@ -297,13 +293,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "7,500 (2019 est.)"
"text": "7,800 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "25.3% (2016)"
@ -519,13 +517,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:<br />Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college consisting of members from the House of Representatives, outgoing Senate members, and city and county council members, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by 2 university constituencies - 3 each from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) and the National University of Ireland)<br /> House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:<br>Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college consisting of members from the House of Representatives, outgoing Senate members, and city and county council members, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by 2 university constituencies - 3 each from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) and the National University of Ireland)<br> House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br /> Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)<br /> House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)"
"text": "<br> Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)<br> House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong>&nbsp;</strong><br /> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30% &nbsp;<br /> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%  <br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -540,7 +538,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Solidarity-People Before Profit or AAAS-PBP [collective leadership]<br />Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN]<br />Fine Gael [Leo VARADKAR]<br />Green Party [Eamon RYAN]<br />Labor (Labour) Party (vacant)<br />Renua Ireland (vacant)<br />Sinn Fein [Mary Lou MCDONALD]<br />Social Democrats [Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL]<br />Socialist Party [collective leadership]<br />The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]"
"text": "Solidarity-People Before Profit or AAAS-PBP [collective leadership]<br>Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN]<br>Fine Gael [Leo VARADKAR]<br>Green Party [Eamon RYAN]<br>Labor (Labour) Party (vacant)<br>Renua Ireland (vacant)<br>Sinn Fein [Mary Lou MCDONALD]<br>Social Democrats [Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL]<br>Socialist Party [collective leadership]<br>The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1137,8 +1135,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; New Irish Republican Army (2019)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; New Irish Republican Army (2019)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1155,7 +1153,7 @@
"text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Ireland and Irish victims abroad; traffickers subject Irish children and foreign trafficking victims from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America to sex trafficking; victims are exploited in forced domestic work, the restaurant industry, waste management, fishing, seasonal agriculture, and car washing services; Vietnamese and Chinese nationals convicted for cannabis cultivation often report indicators of forced labor, such as document retention, restriction of movement, and non-payment of wages; undocumented workers in the fishing industry and domestic workers, particularly au pairs, are vulnerable to trafficking; women from Eastern Europe forced into marriage in Ireland are at risk for sex trafficking and forced labor; the problem of forced labor in the country is growing"
},
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash;<strong> </strong>Ireland does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts included increasing prosecutions and funding to NGOs for victim assistance, increasing the number of police and immigration officers receiving anti-trafficking training, and reorganizing its anti-trafficking coordination unit; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts; no traffickers have been convicted since the anti-trafficking law was amended in 2013; weakened deterrence meant impunity for traffickers and undermined efforts to support victims testifying against traffickers; systematic deficiencies in victim identification, a lack of specialized services for victims continued, and the amended working scheme for sea fishers increased their vulnerability to trafficking (2020)"
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List —<strong> </strong>Ireland does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts included increasing prosecutions and funding to NGOs for victim assistance, increasing the number of police and immigration officers receiving anti-trafficking training, and reorganizing its anti-trafficking coordination unit; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts; no traffickers have been convicted since the anti-trafficking law was amended in 2013; weakened deterrence meant impunity for traffickers and undermined efforts to support victims testifying against traffickers; systematic deficiencies in victim identification, a lack of specialized services for victims continued, and the amended working scheme for sea fishers increased their vulnerability to trafficking (2020)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

16
europe/en.json
View file

@ -294,13 +294,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.9% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.8% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "7,400 (2018 est.)"
"text": "7,100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2018 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -494,7 +496,7 @@
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from \"Taani-linn\" (originally meaning \"Danish castle\", now \"Danish town\") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from \"tali-linn\" (\"winter castle\" or \"winter town\") or \"talu-linn\" (\"home castle\" or \"home town\")"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular vald)<br /><br /> <strong>urban municipalities:</strong> Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru<br /><br /><strong>rural municipalities:</strong> Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, R&auml;pina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori,&nbsp;Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru"
"text": "15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular vald)<br><br> <strong>urban municipalities:</strong> Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru<br><br><strong>rural municipalities:</strong> Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, Räpina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori, Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)"
@ -573,14 +575,14 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Juri RATAS]<br />Estonia 200 [Kristina KALLAS]<br />Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME]<br />Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Kaja KALLAS]<br />Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL]<br />Pro Patria (Isamaa) [Helir-Valdor SEEDER]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDE [Jevgeni OSSINOVSKI]"
"text": "Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Juri RATAS]<br>Estonia 200 [Kristina KALLAS]<br>Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME]<br>Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Kaja KALLAS]<br>Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL]<br>Pro Patria (Isamaa) [Helir-Valdor SEEDER]<br>Social Democratic Party or SDE [Jevgeni OSSINOVSKI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Marko KOPLIMAA (since 9 February 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador Kristjan PRIKK (since 7 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2131 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1144,7 +1146,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Estonian Defense Forces have approximately 6,500 active duty personnel (5,500 Army; 500 Navy; 500 Air Force); est. 15,000 Estonian Defense League (2020)"
"text": "the Estonian Defense Forces have approximately 6,500 active duty personnel (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Estonian Defense Forces have a limited inventory of Soviet-era and more recently acquired modern weapons systems, largely from France and the Netherlands (2020)"

14
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
"text": "flooding"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"text": "Czech (official) 95.4%, Slovak 1.6%, other 3% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />World Fackbook, nepostradateln&yacute; zdroj z&aacute;kladn&iacute;ch informac&iacute;. (Czech)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>World Fackbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -529,13 +529,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br />Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br />Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4<br /><br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK]<br />Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA]<br />Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]<br />Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Jan HAMACEK]<br />Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]<br />Green Party or SZ [Petr STEPANEK]<br />Mayors and Independents or STAN [Petr GAZDIK]<br />Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS]<br />Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Lubomir NECAS]<br />Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS]<br />Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Jiri POSPISIL]"
"text": "Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK]<br>Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA]<br>Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]<br>Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Jan HAMACEK]<br>Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]<br>Green Party or SZ [Petr STEPANEK]<br>Mayors and Independents or STAN [Petr GAZDIK]<br>Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS]<br>Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Lubomir NECAS]<br>Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS]<br>Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Jiri POSPISIL]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Czech military has approximately 26,000 active personnel (20,000 Army; 6,000 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the Czech military has approximately 26,000 active personnel (20,000 Army; 6,000 Air Force) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of European origin; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military equipment to Czechia are Austria and Spain (2020)"

10
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Finnish (official) 86.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.5%, other 6.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietol&auml;hde. (Finnish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietolähde. (Finnish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)<br />Center Party or Kesk [Annika SAARIKKO]<br />Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]<br />Finns Party or PS [Jussi HALLA-AHO]<br />Green League or Vihr [Maria OHISALO]<br />Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]<br />National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sanna MARIN]<br />Swedish People's Party or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON]"
"text": "Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)<br>Center Party or Kesk [Annika SAARIKKO]<br>Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]<br>Finns Party or PS [Jussi HALLA-AHO]<br>Green League or Vihr [Maria OHISALO]<br>Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]<br>National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]<br>Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sanna MARIN]<br>Swedish People's Party or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -974,7 +974,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Finland&rsquo;s telecom market is among most progressive in Europe through favorable regulatory action and competitive technological innovation; orientation towards high technology, research, and development with high investment in information and communication sectors; large proportion of population on 5G and most on LTE; high broadband and mobile penetration; fixed-voice density falling; government provided universal 5Mb/s broadband (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Finland’s telecom market is among most progressive in Europe through favorable regulatory action and competitive technological innovation; orientation towards high technology, research, and development with high investment in information and communication sectors; large proportion of population on 5G and most on LTE; high broadband and mobile penetration; fixed-voice density falling; government provided universal 5Mb/s broadband (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 5 per 100 subscription and 129 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"
@ -988,7 +988,7 @@
"text": "a mix of 3 publicly operated TV stations and numerous privately owned TV stations; several free and special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals are broadcast digitally; Internet television, such as Netflix and others, is available; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters and access to Internet radio"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": "<p>.fi</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><br><br>note - Aland Islands assigned .ax",
"text": "<p>.fi</p> <p> </p><br><br>note - Aland Islands assigned .ax",
"note": "note - Aland Islands assigned .ax"
},
"Internet users": {
@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "estimates for the size of the Finnish Defense Forces (FDF) vary; approximately 23,000 total active duty personnel (16,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 23,000 total active duty personnel (16,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Finnish Defense Forces consists of a wide mix of mostly modern Western and domestically-produced weapons systems, as well as a limited quantity of Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, the US and several European countries, including France and Italy, are the leading foreign suppliers of armaments to Finland; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2020)"

12
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -111,8 +111,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent respondents by country of birth"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Faroese 93.8% (derived from Old Norse), Danish 3.2%, other 3% (2011 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>&nbsp; data represent population by primary language",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>&nbsp; data represent population by primary language"
"text": "Faroese 93.8% (derived from Old Norse), Danish 3.2%, other 3% (2011 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>  data represent population by primary language",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>  data represent population by primary language"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Christian 89.3% (predominantly Evangelical Lutheran), other 1%, none 3.8%, unspecified 6% (2011 est.)"
@ -395,13 +395,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br />the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms"
"text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament -&nbsp;last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023)<br />Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)"
"text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023)<br>Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2% <br />Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men"
"text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2% <br>Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Center Party (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]<br />Self-Government Party (Sjalvstyri or Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Jogvan SKORHEIM]<br />People's Party (Folkaflokkurin) [Jorgen NICLASEN]<br />Progressive Party (Framsokn) [Poul MICHELSEN]<br />Republic (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] (formerly the Republican Party)<br />Social Democratic Party (Javnadarflokkurin) or JF [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]<br />Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardhur A STEIG NIELSEN]"
"text": "Center Party (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]<br>Self-Government Party (Sjalvstyri or Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Jogvan SKORHEIM]<br>People's Party (Folkaflokkurin) [Jorgen NICLASEN]<br>Progressive Party (Framsokn) [Poul MICHELSEN]<br>Republic (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] (formerly the Republican Party)<br>Social Democratic Party (Javnadarflokkurin) or JF [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]<br>Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardhur A STEIG NIELSEN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Arctic Council, IMO (associate), NC, NIB, UNESCO (associate), UPU"

24
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
}
},
"Coastline": {
"text": "4,853 km<br><br><strong>metropolitan France:&nbsp;</strong>3,427 km",
"note": "<strong>metropolitan France:&nbsp;</strong>3,427 km"
"text": "4,853 km<br><br><strong>metropolitan France: </strong>3,427 km",
"note": "<strong>metropolitan France: </strong>3,427 km"
},
"Maritime claims": {
"territorial sea": {
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
"text": "French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard); note - overseas departments: French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
"text": "<500 (2019 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 6 June 2021, France has reported a total of 5,605,201<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 8,618.2 &nbsp;cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 167.7 &nbsp;cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 44.96% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 19 July 2021, France has reported a total of 5,753,579 cases of COVID-19 or 8,846.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.92 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 55.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "21.6% (2016)"
@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
}
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 6 June 2021, France has reported a total of 5,605,201<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 8,618.2 &nbsp;cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 167.7 &nbsp;cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 44.96% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 19 July 2021, France has reported a total of 5,753,579 cases of COVID-19 or 8,846.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.92 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 55.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion<strong><br /><br />etymology: </strong>name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then just Paris<br /><br /><br />"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion<strong><br><br>etymology: </strong>name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then just Paris<br><br><br>"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "18 regions (regions, singular - region); Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (Burgundy-Free County), Bretagne (Brittany), Centre-Val de Loire (Center-Loire Valley), Corse (Corsica), Grand Est (Grand East), Guadeloupe, Guyane (French Guiana), Hauts-de-France (Upper France), Ile-de-France, Martinique, Mayotte, Normandie (Normandy), Nouvelle-Aquitaine (New Aquitaine), Occitanie (Occitania), Pays de la Loire (Lands of the Loire), Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Reunion<br><br><strong>note:</strong> France is divided into 13 metropolitan regions (including the \"collectivity\" of Corse or Corsica) and 5 overseas regions (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion) and is subdivided into 96 metropolitan departments and 5 overseas departments (which are the same as the overseas regions)",
@ -550,13 +550,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br />Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)<br /> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)<br> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020)<br /> National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020)<br> National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)&nbsp; - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%<br /> National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)  - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3%<br> National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in April 2021, the French Government submitted a bill on judicial reform to Parliament"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Presidential majority Parties [Edouard PHILIPPE]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; La Republique en Marche! or LREM [Richard FERRAND]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Movement of Progressives or MDP&nbsp; Robert HUE]<br />Parliamentary right Parties [Francois BAROIN]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Tradition or CPNT [Eddie PUYJAION]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; The Republicans or LR [Annie GENEVARD]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CAMBADELIS]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />Parliamentary left Parties [Bernard CAZENEUVE]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Sociatlist Party or PS [Jean-Christophe CAMBADEMAND]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Radical Party of the Left or PRG [Sylvia PINEL]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Martinican Progressive Party or PPM [Aiem CESAIRE]<br />Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN]<br />Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS [Paula FORTEZA, Matthieu ORPHELIN <br />(splinter party formed in May 2020 by defectors of LREM)<br />Europe Ecologists - the Greens or EELV [David CORMAND]<br />French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT]<br />La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHONLIS]<br />National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN]<br /><br />"
"text": "Presidential majority Parties [Edouard PHILIPPE]<br>     Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU]<br>     La Republique en Marche! or LREM [Richard FERRAND]<br>     Movement of Progressives or MDP  Robert HUE]<br>Parliamentary right Parties [Francois BAROIN]<br>     Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Tradition or CPNT [Eddie PUYJAION]<br>     The Republicans or LR [Annie GENEVARD]<br>     Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe    CAMBADELIS]<br>      <br>Parliamentary left Parties [Bernard CAZENEUVE]<br>     Sociatlist Party or PS [Jean-Christophe CAMBADEMAND]<br>     Radical Party of the Left or PRG [Sylvia PINEL]<br>     Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]<br>     Martinican Progressive Party or PPM [Aiem CESAIRE]<br>Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN]<br>Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS [Paula FORTEZA, Matthieu ORPHELIN <br>(splinter party formed in May 2020 by defectors of LREM)<br>Europe Ecologists - the Greens or EELV [David CORMAND]<br>French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT]<br>La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHONLIS]<br>National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN]<br><br>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1197,8 +1197,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

4
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. The subsequent granting of autonomy in 1969 by the UK led Spain to close the border and sever all communication links. Between 1997 and 2002, the UK and Spain held a series of talks on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltar Government called a referendum in late 2002 in which the majority of citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since late 2004, Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar have held tripartite talks with the aim of cooperatively resolving problems that affect the local population, and work continues on cooperation agreements in areas such as taxation and financial services; communications and maritime security; policy, legal and customs services; environmental protection; and education and visa services. A new noncolonial constitution came into force in 2007, and the European Court of First Instance recognized Gibraltar's right to regulate its own tax regime in December 2008. The UK retains responsibility for defense, foreign relations, internal security, and financial stability.</p> <p>Spain and the UK continue to spar over the territory. Throughout 2009, a dispute over Gibraltar's claim to territorial waters extending out three miles gave rise to periodic non-violent maritime confrontations between Spanish and UK naval patrols and in 2013, the British reported a record number of entries by Spanish vessels into waters claimed by Gibraltar following a dispute over Gibraltar's creation of an artificial reef in those waters. Spain renewed its demands for an eventual return of Gibraltar to Spanish control after the UK&rsquo;s June 2016 vote to leave the EU, but London has dismissed any connection between the vote and its continued sovereignty over Gibraltar. The EU has said that Gibraltar will be ouside the territorial scope of any future UK-EU trade deal and that separate agreements between the EU and UK regarding Gibraltar would require Spain's prior approval.</p>"
"text": "<p>Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. The subsequent granting of autonomy in 1969 by the UK led Spain to close the border and sever all communication links. Between 1997 and 2002, the UK and Spain held a series of talks on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltar Government called a referendum in late 2002 in which the majority of citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since late 2004, Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar have held tripartite talks with the aim of cooperatively resolving problems that affect the local population, and work continues on cooperation agreements in areas such as taxation and financial services; communications and maritime security; policy, legal and customs services; environmental protection; and education and visa services. A new noncolonial constitution came into force in 2007, and the European Court of First Instance recognized Gibraltar's right to regulate its own tax regime in December 2008. The UK retains responsibility for defense, foreign relations, internal security, and financial stability.</p> <p>Spain and the UK continue to spar over the territory. Throughout 2009, a dispute over Gibraltar's claim to territorial waters extending out three miles gave rise to periodic non-violent maritime confrontations between Spanish and UK naval patrols and in 2013, the British reported a record number of entries by Spanish vessels into waters claimed by Gibraltar following a dispute over Gibraltar's creation of an artificial reef in those waters. Spain renewed its demands for an eventual return of Gibraltar to Spanish control after the UK’s June 2016 vote to leave the EU, but London has dismissed any connection between the vote and its continued sovereignty over Gibraltar. The EU has said that Gibraltar will be ouside the territorial scope of any future UK-EU trade deal and that separate agreements between the EU and UK regarding Gibraltar would require Spain's prior approval.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Gibraltar Liberal Party or Liberal Party of Gibraltar or LPG [Joseph GARCIA]<br />Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Keith AZOPARDI]<br />Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Fabian PICARDO]<br />GSLP-Liberal Alliance (includes GSLP and LPG)<br />Together Gibraltar or TG [Marlene HASSAN-NAHON]"
"text": "Gibraltar Liberal Party or Liberal Party of Gibraltar or LPG [Joseph GARCIA]<br>Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Keith AZOPARDI]<br>Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Fabian PICARDO]<br>GSLP-Liberal Alliance (includes GSLP and LPG)<br>Together Gibraltar or TG [Marlene HASSAN-NAHON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), UPU"

28
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -116,15 +116,15 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "German 86.3%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, Romanian 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.9% (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>&nbsp; data represent population by nationality",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>&nbsp; data represent population by nationality"
"text": "German 86.3%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, Romanian 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.9% (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>  data represent population by nationality",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>  data represent population by nationality"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle f&uuml;r grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
"text": "1.48 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "80.3% (2011)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-49",
"text": "67% (2018)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-49",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-49"
},
"Drinking water source": {
@ -306,13 +306,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "87,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "93,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<500 (2018 est.)"
"text": "&lt;500 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "22.3% (2016)"
@ -534,13 +536,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br />Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br /> Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br> Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br /> Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br /> Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions"
"text": "<br> Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br> Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /> Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%<br />Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%"
"text": "<br> Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%<br>Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -555,7 +557,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Annalena BAERBOCK and Robert HABECK]<br />Alternative for Germany or AfD [Alexander GAULAND - Honorary President, Joerg MEUTHEN and Tino CHRUPALLA]<br />Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Armin LASCHET]<br />Christian Social Union or CSU [Markus SOEDER]<br />Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER]<br />The Left or Die Linke [Janine WISSLER and Susanne HENNING-WELLSOW]<br />Social Democratic Party or SPD [Saskia ESKEN and Norbert WALTER-BORJANS]"
"text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Annalena BAERBOCK and Robert HABECK]<br>Alternative for Germany or AfD [Alexander GAULAND - Honorary President, Joerg MEUTHEN and Tino CHRUPALLA]<br>Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Armin LASCHET]<br>Christian Social Union or CSU [Markus SOEDER]<br>Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER]<br>The Left or Die Linke [Janine WISSLER and Susanne HENNING-WELLSOW]<br>Social Democratic Party or SPD [Saskia ESKEN and Norbert WALTER-BORJANS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1168,8 +1170,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

20
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
"text": "Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />&Tau;&omicron; &Pi;&alpha;&gamma;&kappa;ό&sigma;&mu;&iota;&omicron; &Beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;ί&omicron; &Delta;&epsilon;&delta;&omicron;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu;, &eta; &alpha;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;ί&tau;&eta;&tau;&eta; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ή &beta;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;ώ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&iota;ώ&nu;. (Greek)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -300,13 +300,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "14,000 (2017 est.)"
"text": "17,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2017 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "24.9% (2016)"
@ -560,7 +562,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership]<br />Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS]<br />Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS]<br />Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS]<br />European Realistic Disobedience Front or MeRA25 [Yanis VAROUFAKIS]<br />Greek Solution [Kyriakos VELOPOULOS]<br />Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS]<br />Movement for Change or KINAL&nbsp;[Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA] <br />New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS]<br />People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]<br />Popular Unity or LAE [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS]<br />The River (To Potami) [Stavros THEODORAKIS]<br />Union of Centrists or EK [Vasileios (Vasilis) LEVENTIS]"
"text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership]<br>Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS]<br>Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS]<br>Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS]<br>European Realistic Disobedience Front or MeRA25 [Yanis VAROUFAKIS]<br>Greek Solution [Kyriakos VELOPOULOS]<br>Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS]<br>Movement for Change or KINAL [Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA] <br>New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS]<br>People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]<br>Popular Unity or LAE [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS]<br>The River (To Potami) [Stavros THEODORAKIS]<br>Union of Centrists or EK [Vasileios (Vasilis) LEVENTIS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -988,7 +990,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>telecom market is susceptible to country&rsquo;s volatile economy, but renewed confidence has been renewed through foreign and European Commission investment; increasing urban population with well-developed mobile market; growing adoption of IoT technology; steady development of broadband; investment in LTE and launch of 5G; government project for ultra-fast broadband, largely funded by European Commission with focus on underserved areas (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>telecom market is susceptible to country’s volatile economy, but renewed confidence has been renewed through foreign and European Commission investment; increasing urban population with well-developed mobile market; growing adoption of IoT technology; steady development of broadband; investment in LTE and launch of 5G; government project for ultra-fast broadband, largely funded by European Commission with focus on underserved areas (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands; 48 per 100 for fixed-line and 114 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)"
@ -1163,8 +1165,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Revolutionary Struggle<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Revolutionary Struggle<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1178,7 +1180,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,557 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,208,746 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,208,826 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"

14
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
"text": "Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -299,13 +299,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "<.1% (2019 est.)"
"text": "<.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "1,600 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,700 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -576,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Bloc for Croatia or BZH [Zlatko HASANBEGOVIC]<br />Bridge of Independent Lists or Most [Bozo PETROV]<br />Center [collective leadership] (formerly Pametno)&nbsp;<br />Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]<br />Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]<br />Croatian Conservative Party or HKS [Marijan PAVLICEK]<br />Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]<br />Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]<br />Croatian Democratic Union-led coalition (includes HSLS, HDS, HDSSB)<br />Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]<br />Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]<br />Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS-LD [Ivan VRDOLJAK]<br />Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Dario HREBAK]<br />Croatian Sovereignists coalition (includes HKS, HRAST)<br />FOKUS [Davor NADI]<br />Green-Left coalition (includes MOZEMO!, RF, NL)<br />Homeland Movement or DP [Miloslav SKORO]<br />Homeland Movement-led coalition (includes DP, Croatian Sovereignists coalition, BZH)<br />Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]<br />Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC]<br />New Left or NL [Dragan MARKOVINA]<br />Pametno [Marijana PULJAK]<br />Pametno, FOKUS, SSIP coalition<br />Party with a First and Last Name or SSIP [Ivan KOVACIC]<br />People's Party - Reformists [Radimir CACIC]<br />Restart Coalition (includes HSLS, HDS, HDSSB)<br />Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zlatko KOMADINA, acting leader]<br />We Can! or MOZEMO! [collective leadership]<br />Workers' Front or RF [collective leadership]<strong><br /></strong><br><br>HDZ 62, SDP 33, DP 9, Most 6, Croatian Sovereignists 4, We Can! 4, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HSS 2, HSLS 2, Block 1, Center 1, FOKUS 1, GLAS 1, HDS 1, HSU 1, New Left 1, Reformists 1, SSIP 1, Workers' Front 1, independent 12",
"text": "Bloc for Croatia or BZH [Zlatko HASANBEGOVIC]<br>Bridge of Independent Lists or Most [Bozo PETROV]<br>Center [collective leadership] (formerly Pametno) <br>Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]<br>Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]<br>Croatian Conservative Party or HKS [Marijan PAVLICEK]<br>Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]<br>Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]<br>Croatian Democratic Union-led coalition (includes HSLS, HDS, HDSSB)<br>Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]<br>Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]<br>Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS-LD [Ivan VRDOLJAK]<br>Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Dario HREBAK]<br>Croatian Sovereignists coalition (includes HKS, HRAST)<br>FOKUS [Davor NADI]<br>Green-Left coalition (includes MOZEMO!, RF, NL)<br>Homeland Movement or DP [Miloslav SKORO]<br>Homeland Movement-led coalition (includes DP, Croatian Sovereignists coalition, BZH)<br>Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]<br>Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC]<br>New Left or NL [Dragan MARKOVINA]<br>Pametno [Marijana PULJAK]<br>Pametno, FOKUS, SSIP coalition<br>Party with a First and Last Name or SSIP [Ivan KOVACIC]<br>People's Party - Reformists [Radimir CACIC]<br>Restart Coalition (includes HSLS, HDS, HDSSB)<br>Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zlatko KOMADINA, acting leader]<br>We Can! or MOZEMO! [collective leadership]<br>Workers' Front or RF [collective leadership]<strong><br></strong><br><br>HDZ 62, SDP 33, DP 9, Most 6, Croatian Sovereignists 4, We Can! 4, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HSS 2, HSLS 2, Block 1, Center 1, FOKUS 1, GLAS 1, HDS 1, HSU 1, New Left 1, Reformists 1, SSIP 1, Workers' Front 1, independent 12",
"note": "HDZ 62, SDP 33, DP 9, Most 6, Croatian Sovereignists 4, We Can! 4, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HSS 2, HSLS 2, Block 1, Center 1, FOKUS 1, GLAS 1, HDS 1, HSU 1, New Left 1, Reformists 1, SSIP 1, Workers' Front 1, independent 12"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -999,7 +1001,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Croatia&rsquo;s telecom market improved through partnership with the EU in 2013, opening a competitive market in mobile and broadband and conducive regulatory environment; one of the highest mobile penetration rates in the Balkans, covering most remote areas; local lines are digital; international operator investment provides relatively high broadband penetration; tests for 5G technologies in 2020 (2020)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Croatia’s telecom market improved through partnership with the EU in 2013, opening a competitive market in mobile and broadband and conducive regulatory environment; one of the highest mobile penetration rates in the Balkans, covering most remote areas; local lines are digital; international operator investment provides relatively high broadband penetration; tests for 5G technologies in 2020 (2020)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity has dropped somewhat to about 32 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions 107 per 100 (2019)"

8
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
"text": "Hungarian (official) 99.6%, English 16%, German 11.2%, Russian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, French 1.2%, other 4.2%; note - shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Hungarian is the mother tongue of 98.9% of Hungarian speakers (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />A World Factbook n&eacute;lk&uuml;l&ouml;zhetetlen forr&aacute;sa az alapvető inform&aacute;ci&oacute;nak.&nbsp; (Hungarian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak.  (Hungarian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]<br />Democratic Coalition or DK [Ferenc GYURCSANY]<br />Dialogue for Hungary (Parbeszed) or PM [Gergely KARACSONY, Timea SZABO]<br />Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN]<br />Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Bertalan TOTH]<br />Momentum Movement (Momentum Mozgalom) [Andras FEKETE-GYOR]<br />Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik [Tamas SNEIDER]<br />National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or LdU [Olivia SCHUBERT]<br />Politics Can Be Different or LMP [Marta DEMETER, Laszlo LORANT-KERESZTES]<br />Together (Egyutt)"
"text": "Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]<br>Democratic Coalition or DK [Ferenc GYURCSANY]<br>Dialogue for Hungary (Parbeszed) or PM [Gergely KARACSONY, Timea SZABO]<br>Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN]<br>Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Bertalan TOTH]<br>Momentum Movement (Momentum Mozgalom) [Andras FEKETE-GYOR]<br>Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik [Tamas SNEIDER]<br>National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or LdU [Olivia SCHUBERT]<br>Politics Can Be Different or LMP [Marta DEMETER, Laszlo LORANT-KERESZTES]<br>Together (Egyutt)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary&rsquo;s debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary&rsquo;s public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports.</p>"
"text": "<p>Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth.</p> <p> </p> <p>Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary’s debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package.</p> <p> </p> <p>Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary’s public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election.</p> <p> </p> <p>Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces have approximately 23,000 active duty troops (18,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces have approximately 25,000 active duty troops (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Hungarian Defense Forces consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment; since 2010, Hungary has received limited quantities of equipment from several European countries and the US (2020)"

12
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -294,13 +294,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2018)"
"text": "0.1% (2020)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "<500 (2018)"
"text": "&lt;500 (2020)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2018)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "21.9% (2016)"
@ -534,7 +536,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Centrist Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]<br />Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]<br />Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]<br />People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) [Inga SAELAND]<br />Pirate Party (Piratar) [rotating leadership]<br />Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON]<br />Reform Party (Vidreisn) [Thorgerdur Katrin GUNNARSDOTTIR]<br />Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Logi Mar EINARSSON]"
"text": "Centrist Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]<br>Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]<br>Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]<br>People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) [Inga SAELAND]<br>Pirate Party (Piratar) [rotating leadership]<br>Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON]<br>Reform Party (Vidreisn) [Thorgerdur Katrin GUNNARSDOTTIR]<br>Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Logi Mar EINARSSON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -966,7 +968,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally (RUV and RUV 2, though RUV 2 is used less frequently);&nbsp; RUV broadcasts nationally, every household in Iceland is required to have RUV as it doubles as the emergency broadcast network; RUV also operates stringer offices in the north (Akureyri) and the east (Egilsstadir) but operations are all run out of RUV headquarters in Reykjavik;&nbsp; there are 3 privately owned TV stations;&nbsp; Stod 2 (Channel 2) is owned by Syn, following 365 Media and Vodafone merger, and is headquartered in Reykjavik;&nbsp; Syn also operates 4 sports channels under Stod 2;&nbsp; N4 is the only television station headquartered outside of Reykjavik, in Akureyri, with local programming for the north, south, and east of Iceland;&nbsp; Hringbraut is the newest station and is headquartered in Reykjavik;&nbsp; all of these television stations have nationwide penetration as 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections</p> <p>RUV operates 3 radio stations (RAS 1, RAS2, and Rondo) as well as 4 regional stations (but they mostly act as range extenders for RUV radio broadcasts nationwide);&nbsp; there is 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), that broadcasts nationwide, and 3 other radio stations that broadcast to the most densely populated regions of the country.&nbsp; In addition there are upwards of 20 radio stations that operate regionally</p> (2019)"
"text": "<p>state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally (RUV and RUV 2, though RUV 2 is used less frequently);  RUV broadcasts nationally, every household in Iceland is required to have RUV as it doubles as the emergency broadcast network; RUV also operates stringer offices in the north (Akureyri) and the east (Egilsstadir) but operations are all run out of RUV headquarters in Reykjavik;  there are 3 privately owned TV stations;  Stod 2 (Channel 2) is owned by Syn, following 365 Media and Vodafone merger, and is headquartered in Reykjavik;  Syn also operates 4 sports channels under Stod 2;  N4 is the only television station headquartered outside of Reykjavik, in Akureyri, with local programming for the north, south, and east of Iceland;  Hringbraut is the newest station and is headquartered in Reykjavik;  all of these television stations have nationwide penetration as 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections</p> <p>RUV operates 3 radio stations (RAS 1, RAS2, and Rondo) as well as 4 regional stations (but they mostly act as range extenders for RUV radio broadcasts nationwide);  there is 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), that broadcasts nationwide, and 3 other radio stations that broadcast to the most densely populated regions of the country.  In addition there are upwards of 20 radio stations that operate regionally</p> (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".is"

8
europe/im.json
View file

@ -383,13 +383,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:<br />Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) <br />House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:<br>Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) <br>House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Legislative Council -&nbsp;last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020)<br /> House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)"
"text": "<br>Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020)<br> House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong>&nbsp;</strong><br /> Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%<br />House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%"
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%<br>House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of January 2019, seats by party - Liberal Vannin 2, independent 22"
},
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Liberal Vannin Party [Kate BEECROFT]<br />Manx Labor Party<br />Mec Vannin [Mark KERMODE] (sometimes referred to as the Manx Nationalist Party)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> most members sit as independents",
"text": "Liberal Vannin Party [Kate BEECROFT]<br>Manx Labor Party<br>Mec Vannin [Mark KERMODE] (sometimes referred to as the Manx Nationalist Party)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> most members sit as independents",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> most members sit as independents"
},
"International organization participation": {

23
europe/it.json
View file

@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
"text": "Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -303,19 +303,20 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.3% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "130,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "140,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<1000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<1000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing&nbsp; respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 June 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,230,153<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;</span> cases of COVID-19 or 7,092.6 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 212.1 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 48.99% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing  respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 19 July 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,289,528  cases of COVID-19 or 7,192.19 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 214.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 60.61% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "19.9% (2016)"
@ -439,7 +440,7 @@
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing&nbsp; respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 June 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,230,153<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;</span> cases of COVID-19 or 7,092.6 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 212.1 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 48.99% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a new coronavirus is causing  respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 19 July 2021, Italy has reported a total of 4,289,528  cases of COVID-19 or 7,192.19 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 214.4 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 60.61% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -551,13 +552,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:<br />Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats;&nbsp;116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and&nbsp;6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)<br />Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:<br>Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37.5% (L 17.6%, FI 14.4%, FdI 4.3%, UdC 1.2%), M5S 32.2%, center-left coalition (PD 19.1%, +E 2.3%, I 0.5%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%), LeU 3.3%; seats by party - center-right coalition 77(L 37, FI 33, FdI 7), M5S 68, center-left coalition 44(PD 43, SVP-PATT 1), LeU 4; composition - men 208, women 113, percent of women 35.2%<br /><br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37% (L 17.4%, FI 14%, FdI 4.4%, UdC 1.3%), M5S 33%, center-left coalition 22.9% (PD 18.8%, E+ 2.6%, I 0.6%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%); seats by party - center-right coalition 151 (L73, FI 59, FdI 19), M5S 133, center-left coalition 88 (PD 86, SVP 2), LeU 14; composition - men 405, women 225, percent of women 35.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.5%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37.5% (L 17.6%, FI 14.4%, FdI 4.3%, UdC 1.2%), M5S 32.2%, center-left coalition (PD 19.1%, +E 2.3%, I 0.5%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%), LeU 3.3%; seats by party - center-right coalition 77(L 37, FI 33, FdI 7), M5S 68, center-left coalition 44(PD 43, SVP-PATT 1), LeU 4; composition - men 208, women 113, percent of women 35.2%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - center-right coalition 37% (L 17.4%, FI 14%, FdI 4.4%, UdC 1.3%), M5S 33%, center-left coalition 22.9% (PD 18.8%, E+ 2.6%, I 0.6%, CP 0.5%, SVP-PATT 0.4%); seats by party - center-right coalition 151 (L73, FI 59, FdI 19), M5S 133, center-left coalition 88 (PD 86, SVP 2), LeU 14; composition - men 405, women 225, percent of women 35.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.5%"
},
"note": "<strong>Note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the 2023 election"
},
@ -573,7 +574,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p><strong>Governing Coalition</strong><strong>:</strong> <br />Five Star Movement or M5S [Vito CRIMI, acting leader]<br />League or Lega [Matteo SALVINI]<br /><br /><strong>Left-center-right opposition:</strong> <br />Democratic Party or PD [Enrico LETTA]<br />Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]<br />Brothers of Italy [Giorgia MELONI]<br />Free and Equal (Liberi e Uguali) or LeU [Pietro GRASSO]<br />More Europe or +EU [Emma BONINO]<br />Popular Civic List or CP [Beatrice LORENZIN]</p> <p><strong>Other parties and parliamentary groups:<br /></strong>Possible [Beatrice BRIGNONE]<br />Us with Italy [Raffaele FITTO]<br />South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Philipp ACHAMMER]<br />Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese) or PATT [Franco PANIZZA, secretary] <br />Article One or Art.1-MDP [Roberto SPERANZA]</p>"
"text": "<p><strong>Governing Coalition</strong><strong>:</strong> <br>Five Star Movement or M5S [Vito CRIMI, acting leader]<br>League or Lega [Matteo SALVINI]<br><br><strong>Left-center-right opposition:</strong> <br>Democratic Party or PD [Enrico LETTA]<br>Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]<br>Brothers of Italy [Giorgia MELONI]<br>Free and Equal (Liberi e Uguali) or LeU [Pietro GRASSO]<br>More Europe or +EU [Emma BONINO]<br>Popular Civic List or CP [Beatrice LORENZIN]</p> <p><strong>Other parties and parliamentary groups:<br></strong>Possible [Beatrice BRIGNONE]<br>Us with Italy [Raffaele FITTO]<br>South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Philipp ACHAMMER]<br>Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese) or PATT [Franco PANIZZA, secretary] <br>Article One or Art.1-MDP [Roberto SPERANZA]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1198,7 +1199,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,000 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 546,029 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 548,937 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling"

4
europe/je.json
View file

@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
"text": "Jersey 46.4%, British 32.7%, Portuguese/Madeiran 8.2%, Polish 3.3%, Irish, French, and other White 7.1%, other 2.4% (2011 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "<p>English (official)&nbsp;94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais)</p> (2001 est.)<br><br><strong>note:&nbsp;</strong>data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;&nbsp; two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over",
"note": "<strong>note:&nbsp;</strong>data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;&nbsp; two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over"
"text": "<p>English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais)</p> (2001 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;  two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;  two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Protestant (Anglican, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian), Roman Catholic"

14
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The central Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over the region from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo's present-day boundaries were established when Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). Despite legislative concessions, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. The Serbs - many of whom viewed Kosovo as their cultural heartland - instituted a new constitution in 1989 revoking Kosovo's autonomous status. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum declaring Kosovo independent. Serbia undertook repressive measures against the Kosovar Albanians in the 1990s, provoking a Kosovar Albanian insurgency.</p> <p>Beginning in 1998, Serbia conducted a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians (some 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo). After international attempts to mediate the conflict failed, a three-month NATO military operation against Serbia beginning in March 1999 forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their military and police forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under a transitional administration, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. A UN-led process began in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's final status. The 2006-07 negotiations ended without agreement between Belgrade and Pristina, though the UN issued a comprehensive report on Kosovo's final status that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Since then, over 100 countries have recognized Kosovo, and it has joined numerous international organizations. In October 2008, Serbia sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality under international law of Kosovo's declaration of independence. The ICJ released the advisory opinion in July 2010 affirming that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate general principles of international law, UN Security Council Resolution 1244, or the Constitutive Framework. The opinion was closely tailored to Kosovo's unique history and circumstances.</p> <p>Demonstrating Kosovo&rsquo;s development into a sovereign, multi-ethnic, democratic country the international community ended the period of Supervised Independence in 2012. Kosovo held its most recent national and municipal elections in 2017. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries agreed in April 2013 to normalize their relations through EU-facilitated talks, which produced several subsequent agreements the parties are engaged in implementing, though they have not yet reached a comprehensive normalization of relations. Kosovo seeks full integration into the international community, and has pursued bilateral recognitions and memberships in international organizations. Kosovo signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2015, and was named by a 2018 EU report as one of six Western Balkan countries that will be able to join the organization once it meets the criteria to accede. Kosovo also seeks memberships in the UN and in NATO.</p>"
"text": "<p>The central Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over the region from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo's present-day boundaries were established when Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). Despite legislative concessions, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. The Serbs - many of whom viewed Kosovo as their cultural heartland - instituted a new constitution in 1989 revoking Kosovo's autonomous status. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum declaring Kosovo independent. Serbia undertook repressive measures against the Kosovar Albanians in the 1990s, provoking a Kosovar Albanian insurgency.</p> <p>Beginning in 1998, Serbia conducted a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians (some 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo). After international attempts to mediate the conflict failed, a three-month NATO military operation against Serbia beginning in March 1999 forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their military and police forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under a transitional administration, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. A UN-led process began in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's final status. The 2006-07 negotiations ended without agreement between Belgrade and Pristina, though the UN issued a comprehensive report on Kosovo's final status that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Since then, close to 100 countries have recognized Kosovo, and it has joined numerous international organizations. In October 2008, Serbia sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality under international law of Kosovo's declaration of independence. The ICJ released the advisory opinion in July 2010 affirming that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate general principles of international law, UN Security Council Resolution 1244, or the Constitutive Framework. The opinion was closely tailored to Kosovo's unique history and circumstances.</p> <p>Demonstrating Kosovo’s development into a sovereign, multi-ethnic, democratic country the international community ended the period of Supervised Independence in 2012. Kosovo held its most recent national and municipal elections in 2017. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries agreed in April 2013 to normalize their relations through EU-facilitated talks, which produced several subsequent agreements the parties are engaged in implementing, though they have not yet reached a comprehensive normalization of relations. Kosovo seeks full integration into the international community, and has pursued bilateral recognitions and memberships in international organizations. Kosovo signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2015, and was named by a 2018 EU report as one of six Western Balkan countries that will be able to join the organization once it meets the criteria to accede. Kosovo also seeks memberships in the UN and in NATO.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"text": "Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1%; note - in municipalities where a community's mother tongue is not one of Kosovo's official languages, the language of that community may be given official status according to the 2006 Law on the Use of Languages (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Libri i Fakteve Boterore, burimi vital per informacione elementare. (Albanian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Libri i Fakteve Boterore, burimi vital per informacione elementare. (Albanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in August 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that establishes the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution, also referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chambers or \"Special Court\"; the court, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, began operating in late 2016 and has jurisdiction to try crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other crimes under Kosovo law that occurred in the 1998-2000 period"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]<br />Alternativa [Mimoza KUSARI-LILA]<br />Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI<br />Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK<br />Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Kadri VESELI]<br />Independent Liberal Party or SLS [Slobodan PETROVIC]<br />Initiative for Kosovo or NISMA [Fatmir LIMAJ]<br />Movement for Self-Determination (Vetevendosje) or VV [Albin KURTI]<br />New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo<br />New Democratic Party<br />New Kosovo Alliance or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]<br />Romani Initiative<br />Serb List [Goran RAKIC]<br />Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSD [Shpend AHMETI]<br />Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR]<br />Unique Gorani Party [Adem HODZA]<br />Vakat Coalition or VAKAT [Rasim DEMIRI]"
"text": "Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]<br>Alternativa [Mimoza KUSARI-LILA]<br>Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI<br>Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK<br>Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Kadri VESELI]<br>Independent Liberal Party or SLS [Slobodan PETROVIC]<br>Initiative for Kosovo or NISMA [Fatmir LIMAJ]<br>Movement for Self-Determination (Vetevendosje) or VV [Albin KURTI]<br>New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo<br>New Democratic Party<br>New Kosovo Alliance or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]<br>Romani Initiative<br>Serb List [Goran RAKIC]<br>Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSD [Shpend AHMETI]<br>Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR]<br>Unique Gorani Party [Adem HODZA]<br>Vakat Coalition or VAKAT [Rasim DEMIRI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF (observer)"
@ -813,7 +813,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>EU&nbsp;pre-accession process supported&nbsp;progress in the telecom industry with a&nbsp;regulatory framework,&nbsp;European standards, and&nbsp;a market of new players&nbsp;encouraging development; two operators dominate the sector; under-developed telecom infrastructure leads to low fixed-line penetration; little expansion of fiber networks for broadband; expansion of LTE services (2020)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>EU pre-accession process supported progress in the telecom industry with a regulatory framework, European standards, and a market of new players encouraging development; two operators dominate the sector; under-developed telecom infrastructure leads to low fixed-line penetration; little expansion of fiber networks for broadband; expansion of LTE services (2020)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line stands at 6 per 100 and mobile-cellular 32 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -917,13 +917,13 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) has approximately 3,400 personnel; note - Kosovo plans for the KSF to eventually number around 5,000 troops (2021)"
"text": "the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) has approximately 3,500 personnel; note - Kosovo plans for the KSF to eventually number around 5,000 troops (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "<span class=\"ILfuVd\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF<br /></span></span> (2019)"
"text": "service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF<br> (2019)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -934,7 +934,7 @@
"IDPs": {
"text": "16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2,004 as a result of violence) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 6,415 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 6,605 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021)"
}
}
}

6
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%; note - data represent language usually spoken at home (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />World Factbook, neaizstājams avots pamata informāciju. (Latvian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>World Factbook, neaizstājams avots pamata informāciju. (Latvian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Development/For! or AP! [Daniels PAVLUTS, Juris PUCE]<br />National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Raivis DZINTARS] New Conservative Party or JKP [Janis BORDANS]<br />Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or SDPS [Nils USAKOVS] Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Armands KRAUZE] Unity or V [Arvils ASERADENS]<br />Who Owns the State? or KPV LV [Artuss KAIMINS]"
"text": "Development/For! or AP! [Daniels PAVLUTS, Juris PUCE]<br>National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Raivis DZINTARS] New Conservative Party or JKP [Janis BORDANS]<br>Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or SDPS [Nils USAKOVS] Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Armands KRAUZE] Unity or V [Arvils ASERADENS]<br>Who Owns the State? or KPV LV [Artuss KAIMINS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -997,7 +997,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the telecommunications sector; the number of fixed-line phones is decreasing as mobile-cellular telephone service expands; EU regulatory policies, and framework provide guidelines for growth; government&nbsp;adopted measures to build a national fiber broadband network, partially funded by European Commission; new competition in mobile markets&nbsp;with extensive LTE-A technologies and 5G service growth; developing sophisticated digital economy with e-commerce and e-government widely available; operator working on cable to Sakhalin in Russia&rsquo;s Far East (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the telecommunications sector; the number of fixed-line phones is decreasing as mobile-cellular telephone service expands; EU regulatory policies, and framework provide guidelines for growth; government adopted measures to build a national fiber broadband network, partially funded by European Commission; new competition in mobile markets with extensive LTE-A technologies and 5G service growth; developing sophisticated digital economy with e-commerce and e-government widely available; operator working on cable to Sakhalin in Russia’s Far East (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 12 per 100 and mobile-cellular 109 per 100 subscriptions (2019)"

10
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
"text": "Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other 0.9%, unspecified 3.5% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Pasaulio enciklopedija &ndash; naudingas bendrosios informacijos &scaron;altinis. (Lithuanian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -571,14 +571,14 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI]<br />Farmers and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS]<br />Freedom Party or LP [Ausrine ARMONAITE]<br />Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS]<br />Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]<br />Lithuanian Center Party or LCP [Naglis PUTEIKIS]<br />Lithuanian Green Party or LZP [Remigijus LAPINSKAS]]<br />Lithuanian Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Viktorija CMILYTE]<br />Lithuanian List or LL [Darius KUOLYS]<br />Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Gintautas PALUCKAS]<br />Lithuanian Social Democratic Labor Party or LSDDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]<br />Freedom and Justice Party or LT [Remigijus ZEMAITAITIS]"
"text": "Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI]<br>Farmers and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS]<br>Freedom Party or LP [Ausrine ARMONAITE]<br>Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS]<br>Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]<br>Lithuanian Center Party or LCP [Naglis PUTEIKIS]<br>Lithuanian Green Party or LZP [Remigijus LAPINSKAS]]<br>Lithuanian Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Viktorija CMILYTE]<br>Lithuanian List or LL [Darius KUOLYS]<br>Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Gintautas PALUCKAS]<br>Lithuanian Social Democratic Labor Party or LSDDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]<br>Freedom and Justice Party or LT [Remigijus ZEMAITAITIS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Dovydas SPOKAUSKAS (since 31 July 2020)"
"text": "Ambassador Audra PLEPYTE (since 7 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009"
@ -993,7 +993,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Lithuania&rsquo;s small telecom market is among the most advanced in Europe, with universal access to LTE, extensive fiber footprint, and tests of 5G; operators focus on data speeds; improved international capability and better residential access; high SIM card penetration; increased demand for high-speed Internet for education, entertainment, and shopping during pandemic supporting growth in revenue through fiber lines; importer of broadcast equipment and video displays from neighboring EU countries (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Lithuania’s small telecom market is among the most advanced in Europe, with universal access to LTE, extensive fiber footprint, and tests of 5G; operators focus on data speeds; improved international capability and better residential access; high SIM card penetration; increased demand for high-speed Internet for education, entertainment, and shopping during pandemic supporting growth in revenue through fiber lines; importer of broadcast equipment and video displays from neighboring EU countries (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "13 per 100 for fixed-line subscriptions; rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services has resulted in a steady decline in the number of fixed-line connections; mobile-cellular teledensity stands at about 169 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@
"text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces' inventory is mostly a mix of Western weapons systems and Soviet-era equipment (primarily aircraft and helicopters); Germany and the UK are the leading suppliers of armaments to Lithuania since 2010 (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "contributes about 350 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
"text": "contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "19-26 years of age for conscripted military service (males); 9-month service obligation; in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; 18-38 for voluntary service (male and female) (2019)"

8
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
"text": "Slovak (official) 78.6%, Hungarian 9.4%, Roma 2.3%, Ruthenian 1%, other or unspecified 8.8% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Alojz HLINA]<br />Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR]<br />Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]<br />For the People or Za Ludi [Andrej KISKA]<br />Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]<br />Kotleba-People's Party Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA]<br />Ordinary People and Independent Personalities - New Majority or OLaNO-NOVA [Igor MATOVIC]<br />Party of the Hungarian Community or SMK [Jozsef MENYHART]<br />Progressive Slovakia or PS [Michal TRUBAN]<br />Slovak National Party or SNS [Andrej DANKO]<br />Together or SPOLU [Miroslav BEBLAVY]<br />We Are Family or Sme-Rodina [Boris KOLLAR]"
"text": "Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Alojz HLINA]<br>Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR]<br>Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]<br>For the People or Za Ludi [Andrej KISKA]<br>Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]<br>Kotleba-People's Party Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA]<br>Ordinary People and Independent Personalities - New Majority or OLaNO-NOVA [Igor MATOVIC]<br>Party of the Hungarian Community or SMK [Jozsef MENYHART]<br>Progressive Slovakia or PS [Michal TRUBAN]<br>Slovak National Party or SNS [Andrej DANKO]<br>Together or SPOLU [Miroslav BEBLAVY]<br>We Are Family or Sme-Rodina [Boris KOLLAR]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -960,7 +960,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>a modern telecom system; one operator has near monopoly of fixed-line market; competition in mobile- and fixed-broadband market;&nbsp;broadband growth in recent years; competition among DSL, cable, and fiber platforms; FttP growth in cities; operator launched 1Gb/s cable broadband service in 3 cities and 200,000 premises in 2019; EU funding for development and improvement of e-government and online services; regulator prepared groundwork for 5G services in 2020 (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>a modern telecom system; one operator has near monopoly of fixed-line market; competition in mobile- and fixed-broadband market; broadband growth in recent years; competition among DSL, cable, and fiber platforms; FttP growth in cities; operator launched 1Gb/s cable broadband service in 3 cities and 200,000 premises in 2019; EU funding for development and improvement of e-government and online services; regulator prepared groundwork for 5G services in 2020 (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "four companies have a license to operate cellular networks and provide nationwide cellular services; a few other companies provide services but do not have their own networks; fixed-line 12 per 100 and mobile-cellular 136 per 100 teledensity (2019)"
@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (S<span lang=\"sk\">lovensk&eacute; Pozemn&eacute; Sily)</span>, Air Forces (S<span lang=\"sk\">lovensk&eacute; Vzdu&scaron;n&eacute; Sily)</span>, Special Operations Forces (Sily Pre Speci&aacute;lne Oper&aacute;cie) (2021)"
"text": "Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Slovenské Pozemné Sily), Air Forces (Slovenské Vzdušné Sily), Special Operations Forces (Sily Pre Speciálne Operácie) (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {

6
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"text": "German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle f&uuml;r grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Guenther FRITZ]<br />Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Thomas BANZER]<br />The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Pepo FRICK and Conny BUECHEL BRUEHWILER]<br />The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]"
"text": "Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Guenther FRITZ]<br>Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Thomas BANZER]<br>The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Pepo FRICK and Conny BUECHEL BRUEHWILER]<br>The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO"
@ -786,7 +786,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "no regular military forces; the National Police <span class=\"grey-text\">is responsible for all matters relating to the safety and security of Liechtenstein</span> (2021)"
"text": "no regular military forces; the National Police is responsible for all matters relating to the safety and security of Liechtenstein (2021)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS]<br />Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ]<br />Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN]<br />Green Party [Francoise FOLMER, Christian KMIOTEK]<br />Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN]<br />The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [collective leadership, Central Committee]<br />other minor parties"
"text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS]<br>Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN]<br>Green Party [Francoise FOLMER, Christian KMIOTEK]<br>Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN]<br>The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [collective leadership, Central Committee]<br>other minor parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"

22
europe/md.json
View file

@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"text": "Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% identify their mother tongue as Moldovan, which is virtually the same as Romanian; 23.5% identify Romanian as their mother tongue), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014 est.); note - data represent mother tongue"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Moldovan/Romanian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Moldovan/Romanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -296,13 +296,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.6% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.8% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "15,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "14,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<500 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "18.9% (2016)"
@ -541,10 +541,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 51 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 50 members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; all members serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 24 February 2019 (next scheduled for February 2023)"
"text": "<p>last held on 11 July 2021 (next scheduled for July 2025)</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PSRM 31.2%, ACUM (PPDA + PAS) 26.8%, PDM 23.6%, PS 8.3%, other 10.1%; seats by party - PSRM 35, ACUM (PPDA + PAS) 26, PDM 30, PS 7, independent 3; composition - men 78, women 23, percent of women 22.8%"
"text": "<p>percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS (PSRM+PCRM) 27.1%, SOR 5.7%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<strong>represented in Parliament:</strong> <br />Action and Solidarity Party or PAS [Maia SANDU]<br />Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Vladimir PLAHOTNIUC]<br />Dignity and Truth Platform or PPDA [Andrei NASTASE]<br />NOW Platform or ACUM (PPDA + PAS)<br />Shor Party or PS [Ilan SHOR]<br />Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Zinaida GRECEANII]<br /><strong>not represented in Parliament, participated in recent elections (2014-2019):</strong> <br />Anti-Mafia Movement or MPA [Sergiu MOCANU]<br />Centrist Union of Moldova or UCM [Mihai PETRACHE]<br />Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Victor CIOBANU]<br />Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]<br />Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA]<br />Democracy at Home Party or PDA [Vasile COSTIUC]<br />Democratic Action Party or PAD [Mihai GODEA]<br />Ecologist Green Party or PVE [Anatolie PROHNITCHI]<br />European People&rsquo;s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA]<br />Law and Justice Party or PLD [Nicolae ALEXEI]<br />Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Tudor DELIU]<br />Liberal Party or PL [Dorin CHIRTOACA]<br />\"Motherland\" Party or PP [Sergiu BIRIUCOV]<br />National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]<br />Our Home Moldova or PCNM [Grigore PETRENCO]<br />Our Party or PN [Renato USATII]<br />Party of National Unity [Anatol SALARU]<br />People&rsquo;s Party of Moldova or PPRM [Alexandru OLEINIC]<br />Regions Party of Moldova or PRM [Alexandr KALININ]<br />Socialist People&rsquo;s Party of Moldova or PPSM [Victor STEPANIUC]"
"text": "<p><strong>represented in Parliament:</strong> <br>Action and Solidarity Party or PAS [Maia SANDU]<br>Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists or BECS [Vladimir VORONIN] (a coalition of PSRM and PCRM)<br>Shor Party or PS [Ilan SHOR]<br><strong>not represented in Parliament, participated in recent elections (2014-2021):</strong> <br>Anti-Mafia Movement or MPA [Sergiu MOCANU]<br>Centrist Union of Moldova or UCM [Mihai PETRACHE]<br>Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Victor CIOBANU]<br>Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]<br>Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA]<br>Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Vladimir PLAHOTNIUC]<br>Democracy at Home Party or PDA [Vasile COSTIUC]<br>Democratic Action Party or PAD [Mihai GODEA]<br>Dignity and Truth Platform or PPDA [Andrei NASTASE]<br>Ecologist Green Party or PVE [Anatolie PROHNITCHI]<br>European People’s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA]<br>Law and Justice Party or PLD [Nicolae ALEXEI]<br>Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Tudor DELIU]<br>Liberal Party or PL [Dorin CHIRTOACA]<br>\"Motherland\" Party or PP [Sergiu BIRIUCOV]<br>National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]<br>NOW Platform or ACUM (PPDA + PAS) [Andre NASTASE + Maia SANDU]<br>Our Home Moldova or PCNM [Grigore PETRENCO]<br>Our Party or PN [Renato USATII]<br>Party of National Unity [Anatol SALARU]<br>People’s Party of Moldova or PPRM [Alexandru OLEINIC]<br>Regions Party of Moldova or PRM [Alexandr KALININ]<br>Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Zinaida GRECEANII]<br>Socialist People’s Party of Moldova or PPSM [Victor STEPANIUC]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -976,7 +976,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>high unemployment and economic pressures have reduced consumer spending in telecom market; endeavors&nbsp;to join&nbsp;the EU have promoted regulatory issues in line with EU standards; mobile market extended outside of cities and across most of the country;&nbsp;LTE services available; market is competitive, fiber accounts for 62% of all fixed broadband connections and most telecom revenue is from the mobile market; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>high unemployment and economic pressures have reduced consumer spending in telecom market; endeavors to join the EU have promoted regulatory issues in line with EU standards; mobile market extended outside of cities and across most of the country; LTE services available; market is competitive, fiber accounts for 62% of all fixed broadband connections and most telecom revenue is from the mobile market; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "competition among mobile telephone providers has spurred subscriptions; little interest in expanding fixed-line service 27 per 100; mobile-cellular teledensity sits at 89 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "National Army: Land Forces (Fortele Terestre ale Republicii <span class=\"highlight \">Moldova, FTRM</span>); Air Forces (Forţele Aeriene ale Republicii <span class=\"highlight \">Moldova</span>, FARM); Carabinieri Troops (a component of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that also has official status as a service of the Armed Forces during wartime) (2021)"
"text": "National Army: Land Forces (Fortele Terestre ale Republicii Moldova, FTRM); Air Forces (Forţele Aeriene ale Republicii Moldova, FARM); Carabinieri Troops (a component of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that also has official status as a service of the Armed Forces during wartime) (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1122,8 +1122,8 @@
"text": "the Moldovan military's inventory is limited and almost entirely comprised of older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2000, it has received small amounts of donated material from other nations, including the US (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2019)<br><br><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">note: Moldova intends to abolish military conscription by 2021</span>",
"note": "<span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">note: Moldova intends to abolish military conscription by 2021</span>"
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2019)<br><br>note: Moldova intends to abolish military conscription by 2021",
"note": "note: Moldova intends to abolish military conscription by 2021"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

14
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
"text": "Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)&nbsp;<br /><br />Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Montenegrin/Bosnian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) <br><br>Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Montenegrin/Bosnian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -301,13 +301,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "<.1% (2019 est.)"
"text": "<.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "<500 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;500 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -583,7 +585,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Albanian Alternative or AA [Nik DJELOSAJ]<br />Albanian Coalition (includes DP, DSCG, DUA)<br />Albanian Coalition Perspective or AKP<br />Albanian List (coalition includes AA, Forca, AKP, DSA)<br />Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]<br />Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC]<br />Croatian Reform Party [Marija VUCINOVIC]<br />Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Miodrag LEKIC]<br />Democratic Front or DF [collective leadership] (coalition includes NOVA, PZP, DNP, RP)<br />Democratic League in Montenegro or DSCG [Mehmet BARDHI]<br />Democratic League of Albanians or DSA<br />Democratic Montenegro or DCG [Alexsa BECIC]<br />Democratic Party or DP [Fatmir GJEKA]<br />Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]<br />Democratic Party of Unity or DSJ [Nebojsa JUSKOVIC]<br />Democratic People's Party or DNP [Milan KNEZEVIC]<br />Democratic Serb Party or DSS [Dragica PEROVIC]<br />Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA]<br />For the Future of Montenegro or ZBCG [Zdravko KRIVOKAPIC] (electoral coalition includes SNP and 2 alliances - DF, NP)<br />Liberal Party or LP [Andrija POPOVIC]<br />Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]<br />New Democratic Power or FORCA [Nazif CUNGU]<br />New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC]<br />Party of Pensioners, Disabled, and Restitution or PUPI [Momir JOKSIMOVIC]<br />Peace is Our Nation or MNIM [Alexa BECIC] (coalition includes Democrats, DEMOS, New Left, PUPI)<br />Popular Movement or NP [Miodrag DAVIDOVIC] (coalition includes DEMOS, RP, UCG, and several minor parties)<br />Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]<br />Social Democrats or SD [Ivan BRAJOVIC]<br />Socialist People's Party or SNP [Vladimir JOKOVIC]<br />True Montenegro or PRAVA [Marko MILACIC]<br />United Montenegro or UCG [Goran DANILOVIC] (split from DEMOS)<br />United Reform Action or URA [Dritan ABAZOVIC]<br />Workers' Party or RP [Janko VUCINIC]"
"text": "Albanian Alternative or AA [Nik DJELOSAJ]<br>Albanian Coalition (includes DP, DSCG, DUA)<br>Albanian Coalition Perspective or AKP<br>Albanian List (coalition includes AA, Forca, AKP, DSA)<br>Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]<br>Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC]<br>Croatian Reform Party [Marija VUCINOVIC]<br>Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Miodrag LEKIC]<br>Democratic Front or DF [collective leadership] (coalition includes NOVA, PZP, DNP, RP)<br>Democratic League in Montenegro or DSCG [Mehmet BARDHI]<br>Democratic League of Albanians or DSA<br>Democratic Montenegro or DCG [Alexsa BECIC]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Fatmir GJEKA]<br>Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]<br>Democratic Party of Unity or DSJ [Nebojsa JUSKOVIC]<br>Democratic People's Party or DNP [Milan KNEZEVIC]<br>Democratic Serb Party or DSS [Dragica PEROVIC]<br>Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA]<br>For the Future of Montenegro or ZBCG [Zdravko KRIVOKAPIC] (electoral coalition includes SNP and 2 alliances - DF, NP)<br>Liberal Party or LP [Andrija POPOVIC]<br>Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]<br>New Democratic Power or FORCA [Nazif CUNGU]<br>New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC]<br>Party of Pensioners, Disabled, and Restitution or PUPI [Momir JOKSIMOVIC]<br>Peace is Our Nation or MNIM [Alexa BECIC] (coalition includes Democrats, DEMOS, New Left, PUPI)<br>Popular Movement or NP [Miodrag DAVIDOVIC] (coalition includes DEMOS, RP, UCG, and several minor parties)<br>Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]<br>Social Democrats or SD [Ivan BRAJOVIC]<br>Socialist People's Party or SNP [Vladimir JOKOVIC]<br>True Montenegro or PRAVA [Marko MILACIC]<br>United Montenegro or UCG [Goran DANILOVIC] (split from DEMOS)<br>United Reform Action or URA [Dritan ABAZOVIC]<br>Workers' Party or RP [Janko VUCINIC]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1149,7 +1151,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "472 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 19,006 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 19,191 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
}
}
}

18
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of \"Macedonia.\" Greek objection to the new country&rsquo;s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled the country&rsquo;s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name \"Macedonia\" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as \"The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\" and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution continued. Over time, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into a conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In January 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level, with the Macedonian language remaining the sole official language in international relations. Relations between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated, however.</p> <p>North Macedonia's pro-Western government has used its time in office since 2017 to sign a historic deal with Greece in June 2018 to end the name dispute and revive Skopje's NATO and EU membership prospects. This followed a nearly three-year political crisis that engulfed the country but ended in June 2017 following a six-month-long government formation period after a closely contested election in December 2016. The crisis began after the 2014 legislative and presidential election, and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material that revealed alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. Although an EU candidate since 2005, North Macedonia has yet to open EU accession negotiations. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding and stimulating economic growth and development. In June 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Accord whereby the Republic of Macedonia agreed to change its name to the Republic of North Macedonia. Following ratification by both countries, the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia signed an accession protocol to become a NATO member state in February 2019.</p>"
"text": "<p>North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of \"Macedonia.\" Greek objection to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled the country’s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name \"Macedonia\" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as \"The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\" and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution continued. Over time, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into a conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In January 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level, with the Macedonian language remaining the sole official language in international relations. Relations between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated, however.</p> <p>North Macedonia's pro-Western government has used its time in office since 2017 to sign a historic deal with Greece in June 2018 to end the name dispute and revive Skopje's NATO and EU membership prospects. This followed a nearly three-year political crisis that engulfed the country but ended in June 2017 following a six-month-long government formation period after a closely contested election in December 2016. The crisis began after the 2014 legislative and presidential election, and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material that revealed alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. Although an EU candidate since 2005, North Macedonia has yet to open EU accession negotiations. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding and stimulating economic growth and development. In June 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Accord whereby the Republic of Macedonia agreed to change its name to the Republic of North Macedonia. Following ratification by both countries, the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia signed an accession protocol to become a NATO member state in February 2019.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -108,15 +108,15 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> North Macedonia has not conducted a census since 2002; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 6.5&ndash;13% of North Macedonia&rsquo;s population",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> North Macedonia has not conducted a census since 2002; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 6.5&ndash;13% of North Macedonia&rsquo;s population"
"text": "Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> North Macedonia has not conducted a census since 2002; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 6.5–13% of North Macedonia’s population",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> North Macedonia has not conducted a census since 2002; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 6.5–13% of North Macedonia’s population"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian (official) 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Romani 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 1.8% (2002 est.); note - minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where they are spoken by at least 20% of the population; Albanian is co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities; Turkish is co-official in Centar Zupa and Plasnica; Romani is co-official in Suto Orizari; Aromanian is co-official in Krusevo; Serbian is co-official in Cucer Sandevo"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Albanians or AfA [Ziadin SELA]<br />Alternative (Alternativa) [Afrim GASHI]<br />Besa Movement [Bilal KASAMI]<br />Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI]<br />Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Ali AHMETI]<br />Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Hristijan MICKOSKI]<br />Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - People's Party or VMRO-NP [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI]<br />Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Goran MILEVSKI]<br />Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE coalition)<br />Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV]<br />The Left (Levica) [Dimitar APASIEV]<br />Turkish Democratic Party of DPT [Beycan ILYAS]<br />We Can (coalition includes SDSM/Besa/VMRO-NP, DPT, LDP)"
"text": "Alliance for Albanians or AfA [Ziadin SELA]<br>Alternative (Alternativa) [Afrim GASHI]<br>Besa Movement [Bilal KASAMI]<br>Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI]<br>Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Ali AHMETI]<br>Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Hristijan MICKOSKI]<br>Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - People's Party or VMRO-NP [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI]<br>Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Goran MILEVSKI]<br>Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE coalition)<br>Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV]<br>The Left (Levica) [Dimitar APASIEV]<br>Turkish Democratic Party of DPT [Beycan ILYAS]<br>We Can (coalition includes SDSM/Besa/VMRO-NP, DPT, LDP)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO,&nbsp;OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Macedonia&rsquo;s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe.</p>"
"text": "<p>Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law.</p> <p> </p> <p>Macedonia’s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics.</p> <p> </p> <p>Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece.</p> <p> </p> <p>Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
@ -1097,8 +1097,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "558 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 515,234 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 516,060 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement"

8
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
"text": "French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Horizon Monaco [Laurent NOUVION]<br />Priorite Monaco [Stephane VALERI]<br />Renaissance [SBM (public corporation)]<br />Union Monegasque [Jean-Francois ROBILLON]"
"text": "Horizon Monaco [Laurent NOUVION]<br>Priorite Monaco [Stephane VALERI]<br>Renaissance [SBM (public corporation)]<br>Union Monegasque [Jean-Francois ROBILLON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO"
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
"text": "jewelry, recreational boats, cars and vehicle parts, watches, general wares (2019)"
},
"Debt - external": {
"text": "<p>&nbsp;NA</p>"
"text": "<p> NA</p>"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"currency": {
@ -758,7 +758,7 @@
"text": "1 (2012)"
},
"Railways": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service;&nbsp; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service;  the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco"
},
"Ports and terminals": {
"major seaport(s)": {

6
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Party (Partit Demokratiku) or PD [Godfrey FARRUGIA]<br />Labor Party (Partit Laburista) or PL [Joseph MUSCAT]<br />Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista) or PN [Adrian DELIA]"
"text": "Democratic Party (Partit Demokratiku) or PD [Godfrey FARRUGIA]<br>Labor Party (Partit Laburista) or PL [Joseph MUSCAT]<br>Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista) or PN [Adrian DELIA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Armed Forces of Malta have approximately 2,000 active duty personnel (2020)"
"text": "the Armed Forces of Malta have approximately 2,000 active duty personnel (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the small inventory of the Armed Forces of Malta consists of equipment from a mix of European countries, particularly Italy, and the US (2021)"
@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "11 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,531 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-June 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,612 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-July 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe"

28
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Dutch (official); note - Frisian is an official language in Fryslan province; Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Romani, and Yiddish have protected status under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages; Dutch is the official language of the three special municipalities of the Caribbean Netherlands; English is a recognized regional language on Sint Eustatius and Saba; Papiamento is a recognized regional language on Bonaire"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -306,13 +306,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "24,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "24,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<200 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "20.4% (2016)"
@ -470,7 +472,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4<br /><br /><strong>etymology:</strong> the original Dutch name, Amstellerdam, meaning \"a dam on the Amstel River,\" dates to the 13th century; over time the name simplified to Amsterdam"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the original Dutch name, Amstellerdam, meaning \"a dam on the Amstel River,\" dates to the 13th century; over time the name simplified to Amsterdam"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie), 3 public entities* (openbare lichamen, singular - openbaar lichaam (Dutch); entidatnan publiko, singular - entidat publiko (Papiamento)); Bonaire*, Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Saba*, Sint Eustatius*, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland)<br><br><strong>note 1:</strong> the Netherlands is one of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the other three, Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten, are all islands in the Caribbean; while all four parts are considered equal partners, in practice, most of the Kingdom's affairs are administered by the Netherlands, which makes up about 98% of the Kingdom's total land area and population\r\n<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> although Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are officially incorporated into the country of the Netherlands under the broad designation of \"public entities,\" Dutch Government sources regularly apply to them the more descriptive term of \"special municipalities\"; Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are collectively referred to as the Caribbean Netherlands",
@ -532,13 +534,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:<br />First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br />Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:<br>First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023)<br />Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)"
"text": "<br>First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023)<br>Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7%<br />Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%"
"text": "<br>First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7%<br>Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -553,7 +555,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Sybrand VAN HAERSMA BUMA]<br />Christian Union or CU [Gert-Jan SEGERS]<br />Democrats 66 or D66 [Rob JETTEN]<br />Denk [Tunahan KUZU]<br />50 Plus [Henk KROL]<br />Forum for Democracy or FvD (vacant)<br />Green Left or GL [Jesse KLAVER]<br />Labor Party or PvdA [Lodewijk ASSCHER]<br />Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]<br />Party for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]<br />People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE]<br />Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]<br />Socialist Party or SP [Emile ROEMER]<br />plus a few minor parties"
"text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Sybrand VAN HAERSMA BUMA]<br>Christian Union or CU [Gert-Jan SEGERS]<br>Democrats 66 or D66 [Rob JETTEN]<br>Denk [Tunahan KUZU]<br>50 Plus [Henk KROL]<br>Forum for Democracy or FvD (vacant)<br>Green Left or GL [Jesse KLAVER]<br>Labor Party or PvdA [Lodewijk ASSCHER]<br>Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]<br>Party for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]<br>People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE]<br>Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Emile ROEMER]<br>plus a few minor parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1134,7 +1136,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have approximately 40,000 active duty personnel (18,000 Army; 8,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force; 6,000 Constabulary) (2020)"
"text": "the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have approximately 35,000 active duty personnel (15,000 Army; 7,500 Navy; 6,500 Air Force; 6,000 Constabulary) (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Netherlands Armed Forces consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands, followed by several European countries; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2020)"
@ -1146,13 +1148,13 @@
"text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force; conscription abolished in 1996 (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Netherlands is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br /><br />in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
"text": "the Netherlands is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

9
europe/no.json
View file

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami has three dialects: Lule, North Sami, and South Sami; Sami is an official language in nine municipalities in Norway's three northernmost counties: Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -313,7 +313,8 @@
"text": "5,800 (2018 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2018 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "23.1% (2016)"
@ -551,7 +552,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]<br />Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Kjell Ingolf ROPSTADT]<br />Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]<br />Green Party or MDG [Rasmus HANSSON and Une Aina BASTHOLM]<br />Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]<br />Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI GRANDE]<br />Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN]<br />Red Party or R [Bionar MOXNES]<br />Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]"
"text": "Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]<br>Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Kjell Ingolf ROPSTADT]<br>Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]<br>Green Party or MDG [Rasmus HANSSON and Une Aina BASTHOLM]<br>Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]<br>Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI GRANDE]<br>Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN]<br>Red Party or R [Bionar MOXNES]<br>Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -974,7 +975,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>sophisticated telecom market with high broadband and mobile penetration rates and a highly developed digital media sector; synchronized with EC legislation; comprehensive LTE and focus on 5G;&nbsp; broadband penetration among highest in Europe; operators will migrate all DSL subscribers to fiber by 2023 and close 2G and 3G networks by&nbsp;2025;&nbsp;regulator assigned spectrum for 5G; operator partners with Huawei for smart agriculture project; Oslo utilizes smart city technology; municipalities access EU-funded public Wi-Fi; importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>sophisticated telecom market with high broadband and mobile penetration rates and a highly developed digital media sector; synchronized with EC legislation; comprehensive LTE and focus on 5G;  broadband penetration among highest in Europe; operators will migrate all DSL subscribers to fiber by 2023 and close 2G and 3G networks by 2025; regulator assigned spectrum for 5G; operator partners with Huawei for smart agriculture project; Oslo utilizes smart city technology; municipalities access EU-funded public Wi-Fi; importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems; fixed-line 11 per 100 and mobile-cellular 107 per 100 (2019)"

20
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
"text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Księga Fakt&oacute;w Świata, niezbędne źr&oacute;dło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Księga Faktów Świata, niezbędne źródło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -560,13 +560,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral legislature consists of:<br />Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br /> Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral legislature consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br> Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)<br /> Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)<br> Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%<br /> Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%<br> Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly"
},
@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Civic Coalition or KO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA]<br />Confederation Liberty and Independence or KWiN [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE, Robert WINNICKI, Grzegorz BRAUN]<br />Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY]<br />German Minority or MN [Ryszard GALLA]<br />Kukiz 15 or K15 [Pawel KUKIZ]<br />Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]<br />TERAZ! (NOW!) [Ryszard PETRU]<br />Nowoczesna (Modern) or N [Katarzyna LUBNAUER]<br />Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ]<br />Razem (Together) [collective leadership]<br />Wiosna (Spring) [Robert BIEDRON]"
"text": "Civic Coalition or KO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA]<br>Confederation Liberty and Independence or KWiN [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE, Robert WINNICKI, Grzegorz BRAUN]<br>Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY]<br>German Minority or MN [Ryszard GALLA]<br>Kukiz 15 or K15 [Pawel KUKIZ]<br>Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]<br>TERAZ! (NOW!) [Ryszard PETRU]<br>Nowoczesna (Modern) or N [Katarzyna LUBNAUER]<br>Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ]<br>Razem (Together) [collective leadership]<br>Wiosna (Spring) [Robert BIEDRON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>liberalized telecom market supported by market competition in broadband and mobile sectors ensuring access to cable and fiber infrastructure; rapid extension of LTE networks and development of mobile data service; mobile penetration is above European average;&nbsp;fixed broadband benefits from DSL infrastructure and investment in fiber through EU support; major importer of broadcasting equipment and accessories from Germany (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>liberalized telecom market supported by market competition in broadband and mobile sectors ensuring access to cable and fiber infrastructure; rapid extension of LTE networks and development of mobile data service; mobile penetration is above European average; fixed broadband benefits from DSL infrastructure and investment in fiber through EU support; major importer of broadcasting equipment and accessories from Germany (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; coverage is generally good; fixed-line 18 per 100 service lags in rural areas, mobile-cellular 138 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1175,21 +1175,21 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Polish Armed Forces have approximately 120,000 total active duty personnel (60,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 17,000 Air Force; 3,500 Special Forces; 25,000 Territorial Defense Forces; 7,500 other) (2020)<br><br>note - in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military by 50,000 troops over the coming decade",
"text": "approximately 120,000 total active duty personnel (60,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 17,000 Air Force; 3,500 Special Forces; 25,000 Territorial Defense Forces; 7,500 joint service) (2020)<br><br>note - in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military by 50,000 troops over the coming decade",
"note": "note - in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military by 50,000 troops over the coming decade"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern Western weapons systems; since 2010, the leading suppliers of armaments to Poland are Finland, Germany, Italy, and the US (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (June 2021)<br><br>note: Poland contributes troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units",
"note": "note: Poland contributes troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
"text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (June 2021)<br><br>note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units",
"note": "note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997 and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
"text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

19
europe/po.json
View file

@ -123,12 +123,7 @@
"text": "white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens of African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990, Eastern Europeans have migrated to Portugal"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />O World Factbook, a melhor fonte de informa&ccedil;&otilde;es b&aacute;sicas sobre pa&iacute;ses e os usos e costumes dos seus habitantes, relacionados &agrave;s Secretas, que pode encontrar na Internet! Boa leitura! (Portuguese)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
"text": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% (2011 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> data represent population 15 years of age and older",
@ -309,13 +304,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.5% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "41,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "42,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<500 (2018 est.)"
"text": "<500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "20.8% (2016)"
@ -487,7 +482,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)<br /><br /><strong>etymology:</strong> Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city \"Olisippo\" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became \"Ulixbona,\" under the Arabs it was \"al-Ushbuna\"; the medieval version of \"Lissabona\" became today's Lisboa"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city \"Olisippo\" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became \"Ulixbona,\" under the Arabs it was \"al-Ushbuna\"; the medieval version of \"Lissabona\" became today's Lisboa"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu"
@ -570,7 +565,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico&nbsp;&nbsp; Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS]<br />Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]<br />Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA] (formed in 2019)<br />People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA]<br />Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]<br />Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO]<br />Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA]<br />The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O&nbsp;Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]<br />Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)"
"text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico   Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS]<br>Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]<br>Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA] (formed in 2019)<br>People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA]<br>Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]<br>Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO]<br>Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA]<br>The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]<br>Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1159,7 +1154,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces have approximately 28,000 active duty personnel (14,500 Army; 7,500 Navy, inc about 1,000 marines; 6,000 Air Force); 24,500 National Republican Guard (military personnel) (2020)"
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces have approximately 27,000 active duty personnel (14,000 Army; 7,000 Navy, inc about 1,000 marines; 6,000 Air Force); 24,500 National Republican Guard (military personnel) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces inventory includes mostly European and US-origin weapons systems along with a smaller mix of domestically-produced equipment; since 2010, Germany and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Portugal; Portugal's defense industry is primarily focused on shipbuilding (2020)"

24
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
"text": "Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8%; note - Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Ruthenian (Rusyn) are official in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina; most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -302,13 +302,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "<.1% (2019 est.)"
"text": "<.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "3,200 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3,300 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;100 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -570,7 +572,7 @@
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) -&nbsp; men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> seats by party as of May 2019&nbsp; - SNS 91, SRS 22, SPS 20, DS 13, SDPS 10, PUPS 9, Dveri 6, JS 6, LDP 4, SDS 4, SVM 4, other 36, independent 25; composition - men 157, women 93, percent of women 37.2%"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> seats by party as of May 2019  - SNS 91, SRS 22, SPS 20, DS 13, SDPS 10, PUPS 9, Dveri 6, JS 6, LDP 4, SDS 4, SVM 4, other 36, independent 25; composition - men 157, women 93, percent of women 37.2%"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
@ -584,7 +586,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Albanian Democratic Alternative (coalition of ethnic Albanian parties) Shaip KAMBERI<br />Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR]<br />Democratic Party or DS [Zoran LUTOVAC]<br />Democratic Party of Macedonians or DPM [Nenad KRSTESKI]<br />Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Milos JOVANOVIC]<br />Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC]<br />For Our Children (electoral alliance includes SNS, PS, PUPS, PSS, SNP, SPO, NSS) [Aleksandar VUCIC]<br />Justice and Reconciliation Party or SPP [Muamer ZUKORLIC] (formerly Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandzak or BDZS)<br />Movement of Socialists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN]<br />Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN]<br />Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Milan KRKOBABIC]<br />People's Party or NARODNA [Vuk JEREMIC]<br />People's Peasant Party or NSS [Marijan RISTICEVIC]<br />Serbian Patriotic Alliance or SPAS [Aleksandar SAPIC]<br />Serbian People's Party or SNP [Nenad POPOVIC]<br />Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC]<br />Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ]<br />Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDS [Boris TADIC]<br />Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC]<br />Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]<br />Straight Ahead (electoral coalition includes SPP, DPM)<br />Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]<br />Together for Serbia or ZZS [Nebojsa ZELENOVIC]<br />United Serbia or JS [Dragan MARKOVIC]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Serbia has more than 110 registered political parties and citizens' associations",
"text": "Albanian Democratic Alternative (coalition of ethnic Albanian parties) Shaip KAMBERI<br>Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR]<br>Democratic Party or DS [Zoran LUTOVAC]<br>Democratic Party of Macedonians or DPM [Nenad KRSTESKI]<br>Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Milos JOVANOVIC]<br>Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC]<br>For Our Children (electoral alliance includes SNS, PS, PUPS, PSS, SNP, SPO, NSS) [Aleksandar VUCIC]<br>Justice and Reconciliation Party or SPP [Muamer ZUKORLIC] (formerly Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandzak or BDZS)<br>Movement of Socialists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN]<br>Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN]<br>Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Milan KRKOBABIC]<br>People's Party or NARODNA [Vuk JEREMIC]<br>People's Peasant Party or NSS [Marijan RISTICEVIC]<br>Serbian Patriotic Alliance or SPAS [Aleksandar SAPIC]<br>Serbian People's Party or SNP [Nenad POPOVIC]<br>Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC]<br>Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ]<br>Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]<br>Social Democratic Party or SDS [Boris TADIC]<br>Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC]<br>Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]<br>Straight Ahead (electoral coalition includes SPP, DPM)<br>Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]<br>Together for Serbia or ZZS [Nebojsa ZELENOVIC]<br>United Serbia or JS [Dragan MARKOVIC]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Serbia has more than 110 registered political parties and citizens' associations",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Serbia has more than 110 registered political parties and citizens' associations"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -999,7 +1001,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Serbia's integration with the EU helped regulator reforms and promotion of telecom; EU development loans for broadband to rural areas; pandemic spurred use of mobile data and other services; wireless service&nbsp;is&nbsp;available through multiple providers; national coverage is growing rapidly; best telecom services are centered in urban centers; 4G/LTE mobile network launched; 5G tests ongoing with Ericsson and Huawei (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Serbia's integration with the EU helped regulator reforms and promotion of telecom; EU development loans for broadband to rural areas; pandemic spurred use of mobile data and other services; wireless service is available through multiple providers; national coverage is growing rapidly; best telecom services are centered in urban centers; 4G/LTE mobile network launched; 5G tests ongoing with Ericsson and Huawei (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 29 per 100 and mobile-cellular 96 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1119,8 +1121,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces, Serbian Guard; Ministry of Interior: Gendarmerie (2021)<br><br><span class=\"st\">note: the Guard is a brigade-sized unit that is directly subordinate to the Serbian Armed Forces Chief of General Staff</span>",
"note": "<span class=\"st\">note: the Guard is a brigade-sized unit that is directly subordinate to the Serbian Armed Forces Chief of General Staff</span>"
"text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces, Serbian Guard; Ministry of Interior: Gendarmerie (2021)<br><br>note: the Guard is a brigade-sized unit that is directly subordinate to the Serbian Armed Forces Chief of General Staff",
"note": "note: the Guard is a brigade-sized unit that is directly subordinate to the Serbian Armed Forces Chief of General Staff"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1140,7 +1142,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "size estimates for the Serbian Armed Forces vary; approximately 20,000 active duty troops (13,500 Land Forces; 5,000 Air/Air Defense; 1,500 Guards Brigade) (2020)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 25,000 active duty troops (15,000 Land Forces; 5,000 Air/Air Defense; 5,000 other) (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Serbian Armed Forces consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, most of its weapons imports have come from Russia (2020)"
@ -1166,7 +1168,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,144 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 772,742 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,165 migrants and refugees as of April 2021"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 775,251 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,165 migrants and refugees as of April 2021"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering"

26
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
"text": "Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -305,13 +305,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "190,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "19,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<500 (2019 est.)"
"text": "&lt;500 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "22.5% (2016)"
@ -544,13 +546,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br />Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including&nbsp;2 seats&nbsp;for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br />Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%<br /><br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -565,14 +567,14 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "2020 USR-PLUS Alliance [Dan BARNA and Dacian CIOLOS]<br />Alliance for the Unity of Romanians [George SIMION and Claudiu TARZIU]<br />Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU]<br />Civic Hungarian Party [Zsolt BIRO]<br />Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN]<br />Ecologist Party of Romania or PER [Danut POP]<br />Greater Romania Party or PRM [Adrian POPESCU]<br />M10 Party [Ioana CONSTANTIN]<br />National Liberal Party or PNL [Ludovic ORBAN]<br />New Romania Party or PNR [Sebastian POPESCU]<br />Our Romania Alliance [Marian MUNTEANU]<br />Party of Liberty, Unity, and Solidarity or PLUS [Dacian CIOLOS]<br />Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU]<br />Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU]<br />Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA]<br />Save Romania Union Party or Partidul USR [Dan BARNA]<br />Social Democratic Party or PSD [Marcel CIOLACU]<br />United Romania Party or PRU [Robert BUGA]"
"text": "2020 USR-PLUS Alliance [Dan BARNA and Dacian CIOLOS]<br>Alliance for the Unity of Romanians [George SIMION and Claudiu TARZIU]<br>Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU]<br>Civic Hungarian Party [Zsolt BIRO]<br>Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN]<br>Ecologist Party of Romania or PER [Danut POP]<br>Greater Romania Party or PRM [Adrian POPESCU]<br>M10 Party [Ioana CONSTANTIN]<br>National Liberal Party or PNL [Ludovic ORBAN]<br>New Romania Party or PNR [Sebastian POPESCU]<br>Our Romania Alliance [Marian MUNTEANU]<br>Party of Liberty, Unity, and Solidarity or PLUS [Dacian CIOLOS]<br>Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU]<br>Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU]<br>Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA]<br>Save Romania Union Party or Partidul USR [Dan BARNA]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Marcel CIOLACU]<br>United Romania Party or PRU [Robert BUGA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador George Cristian MAIOR (since 17 September 2015)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Cristian GAGINSKY (since 19 June 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -988,7 +990,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Romania&rsquo;s telecom sector benefits from infrastructure-based competition; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services; fiber sector is one of strongest in Europe; government secured EU funding to extend broadband to rural areas; operators invest in networks&rsquo; capacity upgrades; operator testing IoT; importer of broadcasting equipment from EU neighbors (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Romania’s telecom sector benefits from infrastructure-based competition; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services; fiber sector is one of strongest in Europe; government secured EU funding to extend broadband to rural areas; operators invest in networks’ capacity upgrades; operator testing IoT; importer of broadcasting equipment from EU neighbors (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 17 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1145,7 +1147,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Romanian Armed Forces have approximately 65,000 active duty personnel (48,000 Land Forces; 7,000 Naval Forces; 10,000 Air Force; note - some personnel are considered joint service) (2020)"
"text": "the Romanian Armed Forces have approximately 67,000 active duty personnel (50,000 Land Forces; 7,000 Naval Forces; 10,000 Air Force; note: 10-15,000 personnel are considered joint service) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Romanian Armed Forces is comprised mostly of Soviet-era and older domestically-produced weapons systems; there is also a smaller mix of Western-origin equipment; Italy, Portugal (second-hand fighter aircraft), and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Romania since 2010 (2020)"
@ -1168,7 +1170,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "275 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,828 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 7,906 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {

24
europe/si.json
View file

@ -113,7 +113,12 @@
"text": "Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Slovene (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 est.)"
"Languages": {
"text": "Slovene (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br>Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 est.)"
@ -290,10 +295,11 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "<.1% (2018 est.)"
"text": "<.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "<1000 (2017 est.)"
"text": "&lt;1,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2018 est.)"
@ -529,13 +535,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br />National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br /> National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br> National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br /> National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022)<br />National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held no later than 2022)"
"text": "<br> National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022)<br>National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held no later than 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /> National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%<br />National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%"
"text": "<br> National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -550,7 +556,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Aleksandra PIVEC]<br />List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC]<br />Modern Center Party or SMC [Miro CERAR]<br />New Slovenia or NSi [Matej TONIN]<br />Party of Alenka Bratusek or Stranka AB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)<br />Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]<br />Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti]<br />Social Democrats or SD [Dejan ZIDAN]<br />The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)"
"text": "Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Aleksandra PIVEC]<br>List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC]<br>Modern Center Party or SMC [Miro CERAR]<br>New Slovenia or NSi [Matej TONIN]<br>Party of Alenka Bratusek or Stranka AB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)<br>Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]<br>Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti]<br>Social Democrats or SD [Dejan ZIDAN]<br>The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -607,7 +613,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Prime Minister CERAR&rsquo;s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia&rsquo;s largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits.</p>"
"text": "<p>With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition.</p> <p> </p> <p>In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019.</p> <p> </p> <p>Prime Minister CERAR’s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia’s largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
@ -1137,7 +1143,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:&nbsp; </strong>520,826 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note:  </strong>521,676 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-June 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals"

12
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
"text": "Italian"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {
"text": "<p>San Marino&rsquo;s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull&rsquo;Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell&rsquo;Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974 </p>"
"text": "<p>San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974 </p>"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019"
@ -448,7 +448,7 @@
"election results": {
"text": "Alessandro MANCINI (PSD)&nbsp;and Grazia ZAFFERANI&nbsp;(RETE Movement) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has&nbsp;7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are&nbsp;7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "DOMANI - Modus Liberi or DML<br />Free San Marino (Libera)<br />Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI]<br />I Elect for a New Republic<br />Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]<br />RETE Movement<br />Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party (PDCS) [Marco GATTI]<br />Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]<br />Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)<br />We for the Republic"
"text": "DOMANI - Modus Liberi or DML<br>Free San Marino (Libera)<br>Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI]<br>I Elect for a New Republic<br>Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]<br>RETE Movement<br>Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party (PDCS) [Marco GATTI]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]<br>Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)<br>We for the Republic"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO"
@ -483,10 +483,10 @@
"text": "Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022<br /><br />Embassy address:<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1711 North Street, NW (2nd Floor)<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Washington, DC 22036<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />"
"text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022<br><br>Embassy address:<br><br>     1711 North Street, NW (2nd Floor)<br>      Washington, DC 22036<br><br><br><br><br><br>"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (212) 751-1234<br /><br /><br />[1] (202) 223-24l8<br />[1] (202) 751-1436"
"text": "[1] (212) 751-1234<br><br><br>[1] (202) 223-24l8<br>[1] (202) 751-1436"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (212) 751-1436"

40
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan, &lt;5,000 speakers); note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -309,19 +309,21 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "150,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "150,000 (2020 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<1000 (2019)"
"text": "&lt;1,000 (2020)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 6 June 2021, Spain has reported a total of 3,693,012<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 7,802.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.2 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 45.93% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "23.8% (2016)"
@ -449,7 +451,7 @@
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 6 June 2021, Spain has reported a total of 3,693,012<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 7,802.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 169.2 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 45.93% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -497,7 +499,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)<br /><br /><strong>etymology:</strong> the Romans named the original settlement \"Matrice\" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became \"Majerit,\" meaning \"source of water\"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became \"Matrit,\" which over time changed to \"Madrid\""
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the Romans named the original settlement \"Matrice\" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became \"Majerit,\" meaning \"source of water\"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became \"Matrit,\" which over time changed to \"Madrid\""
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia; Aragon; Asturias; Canarias (Canary Islands); Cantabria; Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-Leon; Cataluna (Castilian), Catalunya (Catalan), Catalonha (Aranese) [Catalonia]; Ceuta*; Comunidad Valenciana (Castilian), Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian) [Valencian Community]; Extremadura; Galicia; Illes Baleares (Balearic Islands); La Rioja; Madrid; Melilla*; Murcia; Navarra (Castilian), Nafarroa (Basque) [Navarre]; Pais Vasco (Castilian), Euskadi (Basque) [Basque Country]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla plus three small islands of Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, administered directly by the Spanish central government, are all along the coast of Morocco and are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de Soberania)",
@ -560,13 +562,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:<br />Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)<br /> Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by&nbsp;simple majority&nbsp;vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)<br> Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)<br /> Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)<br> Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39%<br /> Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's <span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">6.8</span>%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,&nbsp; Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total&nbsp; General Courts percent of&nbsp;women&nbsp;43.7%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39%<br> Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,  Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total  General Courts percent of women 43.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -581,7 +583,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON]<br />Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties)<br />Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR]<br />Canarian Coalition or CC [Ana ORAMAS] (coalition of 5 parties)<br />Junts per Catalunia or JxCat&nbsp; [Carles PUIDGEMONT]<br />Ciudadanos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA]<br />Compromis - Communist Coalition [Joan BALDOVI]<br />New Canary or NCa [Pedro QUEVEDOS]<br />Unidas Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] (formerly Podemos IU; electoral coalition formed for May 2016 election)<br />People's Party or PP [Pablo CASADO]<br />Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies]<br />Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ]<br />JxCat-Junts Together for Catalonia [Jordi SANCHEZ]<br />Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA]<br />Navarra Suma (electoral Coaltion formed by Navarrese People's Union (UPN), Ciudadanos (C's), and the Popular Partty (PP) ahead of the 2019 election)<br />Vox or Vox [Santiago ABASCAL]"
"text": "Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON]<br>Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties)<br>Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR]<br>Canarian Coalition or CC [Ana ORAMAS] (coalition of 5 parties)<br>Junts per Catalunia or JxCat  [Carles PUIDGEMONT]<br>Ciudadanos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA]<br>Compromis - Communist Coalition [Joan BALDOVI]<br>New Canary or NCa [Pedro QUEVEDOS]<br>Unidas Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] (formerly Podemos IU; electoral coalition formed for May 2016 election)<br>People's Party or PP [Pablo CASADO]<br>Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies]<br>Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ]<br>JxCat-Junts Together for Catalonia [Jordi SANCHEZ]<br>Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA]<br>Navarra Suma (electoral Coaltion formed by Navarrese People's Union (UPN), Ciudadanos (C's), and the Popular Partty (PP) ahead of the 2019 election)<br>Vox or Vox [Santiago ABASCAL]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1009,7 +1011,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>well-developed and one of the largest telecom markets in&nbsp;Europe, with average mobile penetration&nbsp;for Europe;&nbsp;regulator has&nbsp;championed competition; LTE is nearly universal with shifts of service to 5G; operator joined government smart cities project; fixed-line broadband is backed by investment in fiber infrastructure; fiber broadband accounts for most of all fixed-line broadband connections; Chinese company Huawei contributes investment to the telecom sector; increased connectivity through submarine cable connection to Brazil; importer of broadcasting equipment from Europe (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>well-developed and one of the largest telecom markets in Europe, with average mobile penetration for Europe; regulator has championed competition; LTE is nearly universal with shifts of service to 5G; operator joined government smart cities project; fixed-line broadband is backed by investment in fiber infrastructure; fiber broadband accounts for most of all fixed-line broadband connections; Chinese company Huawei contributes investment to the telecom sector; increased connectivity through submarine cable connection to Brazil; importer of broadcasting equipment from Europe (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 42 per 100 and mobile-cellular 118 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1020,7 +1022,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations&nbsp;</p> (2019)"
"text": "<p>a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations </p> (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".es"
@ -1150,8 +1152,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE, includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA); Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) (2021)<br><br>note:&nbsp;<span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance</span>",
"note": "note:&nbsp;<span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance</span>"
"text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE, includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA); Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) (2021)<br><br>note: the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance",
"note": "note: the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1171,7 +1173,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Spanish Armed Forces have approximately 120,000 active duty troops (75,000 Army; 25,000 Navy, inc about 5,000 marines; 20,000 Air Force); 80,000 Guardia Civil (2020)"
"text": "the Spanish Armed Forces have approximately 120,000 active duty troops (75,000 Army; 25,000 Navy, inc about 5,000 marines; 20,000 Air Force); 80,000 Guardia Civil (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Spanish military is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; France, Germany, and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware since 2010; Spain's defense industry manufactures land, air, and sea weapons systems and is integrated within the European defense-industrial sector (2020)"
@ -1188,8 +1190,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Basque Fatherland and Liberty (disbanded 2018); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa&rsquo;ida<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Basque Fatherland and Liberty (disbanded 2018); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa’ida<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1203,7 +1205,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,914 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>222,109 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>223,230 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2021)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime"

7
europe/sv.json
View file

@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
"text": "Norwegian, Russian"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Population growth rate": {
@ -142,6 +142,9 @@
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "NA"
}
@ -232,7 +235,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Svalbard Conservative Party [Kjetil FIGENSCHOU]<br />Svalbard Green Party [Helga Bardsdatter KRISTIANSEN, Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN]<br />Svalbard Labor Party [Elise STROMSENG]<br />Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]"
"text": "Svalbard Conservative Party [Kjetil FIGENSCHOU]<br>Svalbard Green Party [Helga Bardsdatter KRISTIANSEN, Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN]<br>Svalbard Labor Party [Elise STROMSENG]<br>Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "none"

16
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden&rsquo;s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 19.1% in 2018.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>"
"text": "<p>A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 19.1% in 2018.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Swedish (official)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />The World Factbook, den obestridliga k&auml;llan f&ouml;r grundl&auml;ggande information. (Swedish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages"
},
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Annie LOOF]<br />Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Ebba Busch THOR]<br />Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP [Isabella LOVIN and Per BOLUND]<br />Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V [Jonas SJOSTEDT]<br />Liberal Party (Liberalerna) or L [Jan BJORKLUND]<br />Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Ulf KRISTERSSON]<br />Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or SAP [Stefan LOFVEN]<br />Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]"
"text": "Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Annie LOOF]<br>Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Ebba Busch THOR]<br>Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP [Isabella LOVIN and Per BOLUND]<br>Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V [Jonas SJOSTEDT]<br>Liberal Party (Liberalerna) or L [Jan BJORKLUND]<br>Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Ulf KRISTERSSON]<br>Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or SAP [Stefan LOFVEN]<br>Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Sweden&rsquo;s small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country&rsquo;s sovereignty over its welfare system.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country&rsquo;s competitiveness.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>In the short and medium term, Sweden&rsquo;s economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market.</p>"
"text": "<p>Sweden’s small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country’s sovereignty over its welfare system.</p> <p> </p> <p>Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe.</p> <p> </p> <p>GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country’s competitiveness.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the short and medium term, Sweden’s economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
@ -966,7 +966,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Sweden&rsquo;s telecom market includes mature mobile and broadband sectors stimulated by investment of the main operators in new technologies; one of the best developed LTE infrastructures in the region; ranked among leading countries for fixed-line, mobile-cellular, Internet, and broadband penetration; best developed LTE infrastructure in the region; government promotes national broadband strategy to increase connectivity (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Sweden’s telecom market includes mature mobile and broadband sectors stimulated by investment of the main operators in new technologies; one of the best developed LTE infrastructures in the region; ranked among leading countries for fixed-line, mobile-cellular, Internet, and broadband penetration; best developed LTE infrastructure in the region; government promotes national broadband strategy to increase connectivity (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 19 per 100 and mobile-cellular 126 per 100; coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels (2019)"
@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information on the size of the Swedish Armed Forces (Forsvarsmakten) varies; approximately 15,000 active duty troops (6,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); 22,000 Home Guard (2020)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 16,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); 22,000 Home Guard (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden, followed by France and Germany; Sweden's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, and naval systems (2020)"
@ -1132,8 +1132,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

32
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two world wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>"
"text": "<p>The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two world wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
"text": "German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9%; note - German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all national and official languages; shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language (2019 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle f&uuml;r grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br /><br />The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br /><br />L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br><br>The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)<br><br>L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -297,13 +297,15 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2019)"
"text": "0.2% (2020)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "17,000 (2019)"
"text": "17,000 (2020)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<100 (2019)"
"text": "&lt;200 (2020)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimate does not include children"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "19.5% (2016)"
@ -462,7 +464,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement &nbsp;"
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement  "
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Geneve (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich<br><br><strong>note:</strong> 6 of the cantons - Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden - are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member (instead of two) to the Council of States and, in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and a majority of cantonal votes are required, these 6 cantons only have a half vote",
@ -507,7 +509,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "<p>President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2021); Vice President&nbsp; Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2021); note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president</p>"
"text": "<p>President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2021); Vice President  Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2021); note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president</p>"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2021; Vice President Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2021)"
@ -524,13 +526,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assembl&eacute;e F&eacute;d&eacute;rale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:<br />Council of States or St&auml;nderat (in German), Conseil des &Eacute;tats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons which use proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)<br />National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:<br>Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons which use proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)<br /> National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "<br>Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)<br> National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, other 1; composition - NA <br /> National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, CVP 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 10.1%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP 29, Green Party 28, CVP 25, GLP 16, other 10; composition - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42% (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "<br>Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, other 1; composition - NA <br> National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 25.6%, SP 16.8%, FDP 15.1%, Green Party 13.2%, CVP 11.4%, GLP 7.8%, other 10.1%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP 29, Green Party 28, CVP 25, GLP 16, other 10; composition - men 116, women 84, percent of women 42% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -545,7 +547,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Petra GOESSI]<br />Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Juerg GROSSEN]<br />Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Regula RYTZ]<br />Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT]<br />Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Albert ROESTI]<br />other minor parties<br />The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) [Gerhard PFISTER] (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)"
"text": "Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Petra GOESSI]<br>Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Juerg GROSSEN]<br>Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Regula RYTZ]<br>Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT]<br>Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Albert ROESTI]<br>other minor parties<br>The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) [Gerhard PFISTER] (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1067,7 +1069,7 @@
"narrow gauge": {
"text": "1,630 km 1.200-m gauge (2 km electrified) (includes 19 km in neighboring countries) (2015)"
},
"note": "1188 km 1.000-m gauge (1,167.3 km electrified)<br />36 km 0.800-m gauge (36.4 km electrified)"
"note": "1188 km 1.000-m gauge (1,167.3 km electrified)<br>36 km 0.800-m gauge (36.4 km electrified)"
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
@ -1116,7 +1118,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Swiss Armed Forces maintain a full-time active duty cadre of about 9,000 personnel along with approximately 18,500 conscripts brought in annually for 18-23 weeks of training (2021)"
"text": "the Swiss Armed Forces maintain a full-time professional cadre of about 4,000 personnel along with approximately 20,000 conscripts brought in annually for 18-23 weeks of training; approximately 120,000 reserve forces (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Swiss Armed Forces inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of military armaments to Switzerland since 2010; the Swiss defense industry produces a range of military land vehicles (2020)"
@ -1130,8 +1132,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../../../../../231/categories/10/fields/appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../../../../../231/categories/10/fields/appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

34
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
"water": {
"text": "1,680 sq km"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6%<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6%<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland"
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon"
@ -106,8 +106,8 @@
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "67.081 million United Kingdom (June 2020 est.)<br><br><strong>constituent countries by percentage of total population: </strong><br />England 84.3%<br />Scotland 8.1%<br />Wales 4.7%<br />Northern Ireland 2.8%",
"note": "<strong>constituent countries by percentage of total population: </strong><br />England 84.3%<br />Scotland 8.1%<br />Wales 4.7%<br />Northern Ireland 2.8%"
"text": "67.081 million United Kingdom (June 2020 est.)<br><br><strong>constituent countries by percentage of total population: </strong><br>England 84.3%<br>Scotland 8.1%<br>Wales 4.7%<br>Northern Ireland 2.8%",
"note": "<strong>constituent countries by percentage of total population: </strong><br>England 84.3%<br>Scotland 8.1%<br>Wales 4.7%<br>Northern Ireland 2.8%"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 6 June 2021, the UK has reported a total of 4,511,673<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 6,646.0 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 188.3 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 61.42% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 19 July 2021, the UK has reported a total of 5,473,481 cases of COVID-19 or 8,062.75 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 189.62 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 66.22% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "27.8% (2016)"
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
"respiratory diseases": {
"text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 6 June 2021, the UK has reported a total of 4,511,673<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 6,646.0 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 188.3 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 61.42% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 19 July 2021, the UK has reported a total of 5,473,481 cases of COVID-19 or 8,062.75 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 189.62 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 66.22% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -470,10 +470,10 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories<br /><br /><strong>etymology:</strong> the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p><strong>England:</strong> 26 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*);</p> <p><strong>two-tier counties:</strong> Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire</p> <p><strong>London boroughs and City of London or Greater London:</strong> Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster</p> <p><strong>metropolitan districts:</strong> Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton</p> <p><strong>unitary authorities:</strong> Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York</p> <p><strong>Northern Ireland:</strong> 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils;</p> <p><strong>borough councils:</strong> Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim</p> <p><strong>district councils:</strong> Derry City&nbsp;and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down</p> <p><strong>city councils:</strong> Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh</p> <p><strong>Scotland:</strong> 32 council areas;</p> <p><strong>council areas:</strong> Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian</p> <p><strong>Wales:</strong> 22 unitary authorities;</p> <p><strong>unitary authorities:</strong> Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham</p>"
"text": "<p><strong>England:</strong> 26 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*);</p> <p><strong>two-tier counties:</strong> Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire</p> <p><strong>London boroughs and City of London or Greater London:</strong> Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster</p> <p><strong>metropolitan districts:</strong> Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton</p> <p><strong>unitary authorities:</strong> Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York</p> <p><strong>Northern Ireland:</strong> 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils;</p> <p><strong>borough councils:</strong> Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim</p> <p><strong>district councils:</strong> Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down</p> <p><strong>city councils:</strong> Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh</p> <p><strong>Scotland:</strong> 32 council areas;</p> <p><strong>council areas:</strong> Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian</p> <p><strong>Wales:</strong> 22 unitary authorities;</p> <p><strong>unitary authorities:</strong> Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham</p>"
},
"Dependent areas": {
"text": "Anguilla; Bermuda; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands"
@ -532,13 +532,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br />House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2019, 796 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 679 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence<br /> House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2019, 796 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 679 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence<br> House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)<br /> House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)"
"text": "<br>House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise)<br> House of Commons - last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held by 2 May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />House of Lords - composition - men 579, women 217, percent of women 27.3%<br />House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 43.6%, Labor 32.1%, Lib Dems 11.6%, SNP 3.9%, Greens 2.7%, Brexit Party 2.0%, other 4.1%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 9; composition - men 430, women 220, percent of women 34%; total Parliament percent of women 30.2%"
"text": "<br>House of Lords - composition - men 579, women 217, percent of women 27.3%<br>House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 43.6%, Labor 32.1%, Lib Dems 11.6%, SNP 3.9%, Greens 2.7%, Brexit Party 2.0%, other 4.1%; seats by party - Conservative 365, Labor 202, SNP 48, Lib Dems 11, DUP 8, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 9; composition - men 430, women 220, percent of women 34%; total Parliament percent of women 30.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG]&nbsp;<br />Brexit Party [Nigel FARAGE]<br />Conservative and Unionist Party [Boris JOHNSON]<br />Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) (vacant)<br />Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Sian BERRY and Jonathan BARTLEY]<br />Labor (Labour) Party [Sir Keir STARMER]<br />Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Ed Davey]<br />Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Adam PRICE]<br />Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON]<br />Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD]<br />Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD]<br />Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Robin SWANN]<br />UK Independence Party or UKIP [Pat MOUNTAIN, interim leader]"
"text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] <br>Brexit Party [Nigel FARAGE]<br>Conservative and Unionist Party [Boris JOHNSON]<br>Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) (vacant)<br>Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Sian BERRY and Jonathan BARTLEY]<br>Labor (Labour) Party [Sir Keir STARMER]<br>Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Ed Davey]<br>Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Adam PRICE]<br>Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON]<br>Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD]<br>Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD]<br>Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Robin SWANN]<br>UK Independence Party or UKIP [Pat MOUNTAIN, interim leader]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output.</p> <p>In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK&rsquo;s economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017.</p> <p>The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020.</p>"
"text": "<p>The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output.</p> <p>In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK’s economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017.</p> <p>The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>UK&rsquo;s telecom market remains one of the largest in Europe, characterized by competition, affordable pricing, and its technologically advanced systems; mobile penetration above the EU average; government to invest in infrastructure and 5G technologies with ambition for a fully-fibered nation by 2033; operators expanded the reach of 5G services in 2020; super-fast broadband available to about 95% of customers; London is developing smart city technology, in collaboration with private, tech, and academic sectors; legislation banned Chinese company Huawei from UK 5G networks following advisement from the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC); importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>UK’s telecom market remains one of the largest in Europe, characterized by competition, affordable pricing, and its technologically advanced systems; mobile penetration above the EU average; government to invest in infrastructure and 5G technologies with ambition for a fully-fibered nation by 2033; operators expanded the reach of 5G services in 2020; super-fast broadband available to about 95% of customers; London is developing smart city technology, in collaboration with private, tech, and academic sectors; legislation banned Chinese company Huawei from UK 5G networks following advisement from the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC); importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems; fixed-line 48 per 100 and mobile-cellular 118 per 100 (2019)"
@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@
}
},
"Communications - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the British Library claims to be the largest library in the world with well over 150 million items and in most known languages; it receives copies of all books produced in the UK or Ireland, as well as a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK; in addition to books (print and digital), holdings include: journals, manuscripts, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, videos, maps, prints, patents, and drawings<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> on 1 May 1840, the United Kingdom led the world with the introduction of postage stamps; the Austrian Empire had examined the idea of an \"adhesive tax postmark\" for the prepayment of postage in 1835; while the suggestion was reviewed in detail, it was rejected for the time being; other countries (including Austria) soon followed the UK's example with their own postage stamps; by the 1860s, most countries were issuing stamps; originally, stamps had to be cut from sheets; the UK issued the first postage stamps with perforations in 1854"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the British Library claims to be the largest library in the world with well over 150 million items and in most known languages; it receives copies of all books produced in the UK or Ireland, as well as a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK; in addition to books (print and digital), holdings include: journals, manuscripts, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, videos, maps, prints, patents, and drawings<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> on 1 May 1840, the United Kingdom led the world with the introduction of postage stamps; the Austrian Empire had examined the idea of an \"adhesive tax postmark\" for the prepayment of postage in 1835; while the suggestion was reviewed in detail, it was rejected for the time being; other countries (including Austria) soon followed the UK's example with their own postage stamps; by the 1860s, most countries were issuing stamps; originally, stamps had to be cut from sheets; the UK issued the first postage stamps with perforations in 1854"
}
},
"Transportation": {
@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the British military has approximately 150,000 total active duty troops (84,000 Army; 33,000 Navy, including 7,000 marines; 33,000 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the British military has approximately 150,000 total active duty troops (82,000 Army; 34,000 Navy, including 7,000 marines; 33,000 Air Force) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the British military is comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of armaments to the UK since 2010; the UK defense industry is capable of producing a wide variety of air, land, and sea weapons systems and is one of the world's top weapons suppliers (2020)"
@ -1168,8 +1168,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); New Irish Republican Army<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); New Irish Republican Army<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

32
europe/up.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.</p> <p>A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.</p> <p>Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. More than 13,000 civilians have been killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>"
"text": "<p>Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.</p> <p>A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.</p> <p>Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. More than 13,000 civilians have been killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -124,12 +124,12 @@
"text": "Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.); note - in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of \"regional language\" - allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions - was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Свiтова Книга Фактiв &ndash; найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Свiтова Книга Фактiв – найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the&nbsp;OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the&nbsp;OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population"
"text": "Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -307,13 +307,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.7% (2019 est.)"
"text": "1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "250,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "260,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "5,900 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "24.1% (2016)"
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KAY-yiv<br /><br /><strong>etymology:</strong> the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KAY-yiv<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities** (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol), Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro), Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnytskyi), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol**, Sumy, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Volyn (Lutsk), Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyr<br><br><strong>note:</strong> administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); plans include the eventual renaming of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts, but because these names are mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, the change will require a constitutional amendment\r\n<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the US Government does not recognize Russia's illegal annexation of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol, nor their redesignation as the \"Republic of Crimea\" and the \"Federal City of Sevastopol\"",
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials responsible for judicial self-governance and administration, and appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process as Supreme Court justices, with one addition &ndash; a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; this majority must include at least 3 members of the Public Council of International Experts; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the Congress of Judges, and by the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms <p>&nbsp;</p>"
"text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials responsible for judicial self-governance and administration, and appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process as Supreme Court justices, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; this majority must include at least 3 members of the Public Council of International Experts; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the Congress of Judges, and by the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms <p> </p>"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "Courts of Appeal; district courts"
@ -570,14 +570,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> specialized courts were abolished as part of Ukraine's judicial reform program; in November 2019, President ZELENSKYY signed a bill on legal reforms"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Batkivshchyna (Fatherland) [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]<br />European Solidarity (BPP-Solidarity) [Petro POROSHENKO] <br />Holos (Voice) [Sviatoslav VAKARCHUK]<br />Opposition Bloc or OB [Evgeny MURAYEV]<br />Opposition Platform-For Life [Yuriy BOYKO, Vadim RABINOVICH]<br />Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO]<br />Samopomich (Self Reliance) [Andriy SADOVYY]<br />Servant of the People [Oleksandr KORNIENKO]<br />Svoboda (Freedom) [Oleh TYAHNYBOK]"
"text": "Batkivshchyna (Fatherland) [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]<br>European Solidarity (BPP-Solidarity) [Petro POROSHENKO] <br>Holos (Voice) [Sviatoslav VAKARCHUK]<br>Opposition Bloc or OB [Evgeny MURAYEV]<br>Opposition Platform-For Life [Yuriy BOYKO, Vadim RABINOVICH]<br>Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO]<br>Samopomich (Self Reliance) [Andriy SADOVYY]<br>Servant of the People [Oleksandr KORNIENKO]<br>Svoboda (Freedom) [Oleh TYAHNYBOK]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Appointed Ambassador Oksana Serhiyivna MARKAROVA (since 25 February 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador Oksana Serhiyivna MARKAROVA (since 7 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007"
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Ukraine&rsquo;s oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe&rsquo;s poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine&rsquo;s economy fell into crisis because of Russia&rsquo;s annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Russia&rsquo;s occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine&rsquo;s heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine&rsquo;s key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond.</p>"
"text": "<p>After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR.</p> <p> </p> <p>Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea.</p> <p> </p> <p>Ukraine’s oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe’s poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine’s economy fell into crisis because of Russia’s annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court.</p> <p> </p> <p>Russia’s occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine’s heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine’s key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond.</p>"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
@ -995,7 +995,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Ukraine&rsquo;s telecom market continues to face challenges resulting from the annexation of Crimea by Russia and unrest in eastern regions; developing telecom market has attracted international investors from Russia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan; government plan emphasizes improvement of domestic trunk lines, international connections, and a national mobile-cellular system; operators moving from 3G services to 4G, but some areas still use 2G; LTE services available in cities; FttP networks taking over&nbsp;DSL platforms; government approved plan in 2020 for 5G migration and operator is developing IoT capabilities; improvement of licensing requirements for operators and positive reforms for users; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Ukraine’s telecom market continues to face challenges resulting from the annexation of Crimea by Russia and unrest in eastern regions; developing telecom market has attracted international investors from Russia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan; government plan emphasizes improvement of domestic trunk lines, international connections, and a national mobile-cellular system; operators moving from 3G services to 4G, but some areas still use 2G; LTE services available in cities; FttP networks taking over DSL platforms; government approved plan in 2020 for 5G migration and operator is developing IoT capabilities; improvement of licensing requirements for operators and positive reforms for users; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is 10 per 100; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market that is now 131 mobile phones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>Ukraine&rsquo;s media landscape is dominated by oligarch-owned news outlets, which are often politically motivated and at odds with one another and/or the government; while polls suggest most Ukrainians still receive news from traditional media sources, social media is a crucial component of information dissemination in Ukraine; almost all Ukrainian politicians and opinion leaders communicate with the public via social media and maintain at least one social media page, if not more; this allows them direct communication with audiences, and news often breaks on Facebook or Twitter before being picked up by traditional news outlets</p> <p>Ukraine television serves as the principal source of news; the largest national networks are controlled by oligarchs: TRK Ukraina is owned by Rinat Akhmetov; Studio 1+1 is owned by Ihor Kolomoyskyy; Inter is owned by Dmytro Firtash and Serhiy Lyovochkin; and StarlightMedia channels (ICTV, STB, and Novyi Kanal) are owned by Victor Pinchuk;&nbsp;&nbsp;a set of 24-hour news channels also have clear political affiliations: 112-Ukraine and NewsOne tacitly support pro-Russian opposition and are believed to be controlled by political and business tycoon Viktor Medvedchuk; pro-Ukrainian government Channel 5 and Pryamyi are linked to President Petro Poroshenko; 24 and ZIK are owned by opposition, but not pro-Russian, politicians; UA: Suspilne is a public television station under the umbrella of the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine; while it is often praised by media experts for balanced coverage, it lags in popularity; Ukrainian Radio, institutionally linked to UA: Suspilne, is one of only two national talk radio networks, with the other being the privately owned Radio NV</p> (2019)"
"text": "<p>Ukraine’s media landscape is dominated by oligarch-owned news outlets, which are often politically motivated and at odds with one another and/or the government; while polls suggest most Ukrainians still receive news from traditional media sources, social media is a crucial component of information dissemination in Ukraine; almost all Ukrainian politicians and opinion leaders communicate with the public via social media and maintain at least one social media page, if not more; this allows them direct communication with audiences, and news often breaks on Facebook or Twitter before being picked up by traditional news outlets</p> <p>Ukraine television serves as the principal source of news; the largest national networks are controlled by oligarchs: TRK Ukraina is owned by Rinat Akhmetov; Studio 1+1 is owned by Ihor Kolomoyskyy; Inter is owned by Dmytro Firtash and Serhiy Lyovochkin; and StarlightMedia channels (ICTV, STB, and Novyi Kanal) are owned by Victor Pinchuk;  a set of 24-hour news channels also have clear political affiliations: 112-Ukraine and NewsOne tacitly support pro-Russian opposition and are believed to be controlled by political and business tycoon Viktor Medvedchuk; pro-Ukrainian government Channel 5 and Pryamyi are linked to President Petro Poroshenko; 24 and ZIK are owned by opposition, but not pro-Russian, politicians; UA: Suspilne is a public television station under the umbrella of the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine; while it is often praised by media experts for balanced coverage, it lags in popularity; Ukrainian Radio, institutionally linked to UA: Suspilne, is one of only two national talk radio networks, with the other being the privately owned Radio NV</p> (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".ua"
@ -1161,8 +1161,8 @@
"text": "the Ukrainian military is equipped mostly with older Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, it has imported limited quantities of weapons from several European countries, as well as Canada, the US, and the United Arab Emirates; Ukraine has a broad defense industry capable of building Soviet-era land systems and maintaining and upgrading Soviet-era combat aircraft, as well as missile and air defense systems (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "250 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (Jan 2021)<br><br>note - Ukraine contributes about 550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units",
"note": "note - Ukraine contributes about 550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
"text": "250 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2021)<br><br>note - Ukraine contributes about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units",
"note": "note - Ukraine contributes about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "conscription abolished in 2012, but reintroduced in 2014; 20-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2019)"

2
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
"text": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {