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auto-update week 7
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
parent
d6aae611ea
commit
856517f96c
177 changed files with 293 additions and 292 deletions
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@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Ahmed BOUTACHE (since 26 October 2021)"
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"text": "Ambassador Mohammed HANECHE (since 12 December 2022)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008"
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@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "12.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "12.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -525,7 +525,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "26.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "26.4 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@
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"text": "260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from north Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" with terrorism after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; in addition, the FAB participated in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border <br><br>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)"
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"text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from north Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON said his government would spend more than $130 million to recruit up to 4,000 additional military personnel, modernize military equipment, and build and fortify operating bases; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border <br><br>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)"
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},
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"Maritime threats": {
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"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"</p>"
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@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "12.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "12.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "45.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "45.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "403,846 (Sudan), 124,529 (Central African Republic), 42,597 (Cameroon), 20,461 (Nigeria) (2022)"
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"text": "403,846 (Sudan), 42,597 (Cameroon) (2022); 124,545 (Central African Republic), 20,498 (Nigeria) (2023)"
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},
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"IDPs": {
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"text": "381,289 (majority are in the east) (2022)"
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@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "832 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "832 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "1.3 trillion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "1.3 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "213,296 (Central African Republic), 208,789 (Rwanda), 57,127 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 43,143 (Burundi) (2022)"
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"text": "211,180 (Central African Republic), 208,789 (Rwanda), 57,127 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 43,623 (Burundi) (2022)"
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},
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"IDPs": {
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"text": "5.52 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2022)"
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@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "283.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "283.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "1.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "1.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -520,7 +520,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "141 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "141 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -1228,14 +1228,14 @@
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"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 FACA troops; up to 2,000 Gendarmerie; approximately 2,000 Mixed Special Security Units (2022)"
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},
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"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
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"text": "the FACA is lightly armed; most of the military's heavy weapons and equipment were destroyed or captured during the 2012–2014 civil war; prior to the war, most of its equipment was of French, Russian, or Soviet origin; in recent years, it has received small amounts of secondhand equipment from China, Russia, and Ukraine (2022)",
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"text": "the FACA is lightly armed; most of the military's heavy weapons and equipment were destroyed or captured during the 2012–2014 civil war; prior to the war, most of its equipment was of French, Russian, or Soviet origin; in recent years, it has received small amounts of secondhand equipment from China, Russia, and Ukraine (2022)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> since 2013, CAR has been under a UNSC arms embargo; the embargo bans all supplies of arms and related materiel to the country except to the CAR security forces if approved in advance by the relevant UN Sanctions Committee"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "18 years of age for military service; no conscription (2021)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since; the European Union, France, Russia, the UN, and the US have provided various levels of security assistance <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; Russia sent private military contractors, and as of 2022, as many as 2,000 were providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its peacekeeping mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; in November 2019, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the MINUSCA peacekeeping mission another year; as of 2022, MINUSCA had approximately 15,000 military and police personnel<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces; since 2016, the EU mission has trained 5 territorial infantry battalions and 1 amphibious infantry battalion (2022)"
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"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since, despite considerable foreign assistance; significant portions of the country remain outside state control and are ungoverned, with the presence of multiple armed actors creating insecurity in much of the country <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; in addition to teams of military trainers, Russia sent private military contractors, and as of 2022, as many as 2,000 were providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; as of 2022, MINUSCA had approximately 15,000 military and police personnel<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016, providing advice, training, and educational programs to the country's security forces; since 2016, the EU mission has trained 5 territorial infantry battalions and 1 amphibious infantry battalion; the mission suspended operational training in 2021; France also provided assistance to the FACA before suspending its support, also in 2021 (2022)"
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}
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},
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"Transnational Issues": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "300 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "300 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "300 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "300 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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"text": "960 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "<p>as of 2022, China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintained bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note – France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO have also maintained a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts; in 2017, Djibouti and Saudi Arabia announced plans for the Saudis to build a military base there, although no start date was announced</p>"
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"text": "the FAD is largely focused on border, coastal, and internal security duties, including counterterrorism; China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note – France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO also maintain a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts; in 2017, Djibouti and Saudi Arabia announced plans for the Saudis to build a military base there, although no start date was announced (2023)"
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},
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"Maritime threats": {
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"text": "the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warned that Somali pirates continued to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warned that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "57.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "57.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "26 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "26 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "7.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "7.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "122 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "122 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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"text": "5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "from November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported<br><br>as of 2023, the ENDF was engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara<br><br>in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the GoE claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions (2023)"
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"text": "from November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported<br><br>as of 2023, the ENDF was engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states, particularly in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara<br><br>in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the GoE claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions (2023)"
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}
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},
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"Terrorism": {
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},
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "409,621 (South Sudan), 251,895 (Somalia), 162,993 (Eritrea), 48,693 (Sudan) (2022)"
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"text": "162,993 (Eritrea), 48,693 (Sudan) (2022); 410,727 (South Sudan), 252,496 (Somalia) (2023)"
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},
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"IDPs": {
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"text": "2.72 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2022)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "166 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "166 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "56.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "56.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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"text": "approximately 14,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2022)"
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},
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"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
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"text": "the military's inventory is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; in recent years, China and Czechia have been among the leading arms suppliers (2022)"
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"text": "the military's inventory is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; in recent years, China and Czechia have been among the leading arms suppliers (2022)"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription (2022)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "226 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "226 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "84.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
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"text": "84.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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|
|
@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "30.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "30.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "279,625 (Somalia), 151,087 (South Sudan), 53,439 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,457 (Ethiopia), 8,087 (Burundi), 5,289 (Sudan) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "279,925 (Somalia), 153,289 (South Sudan), 53,439 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,457 (Ethiopia), 8,087 (Burundi), 5,289 (Sudan) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "232 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "232 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "700 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "700 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "337 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "337 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -528,7 +528,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "17.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "17.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "120 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "120 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>Malian security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and terror attacks were increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has been able to reassert itself in 2022 <br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of late 2022, MINUSMA had around 14,000 personnel deployed; in June 2022, the UN extended its mission another 12 months<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) and the French military (under a separate, bi-lateral mission) have also operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; in 2022, the mission included about 700 personnel from more than 20 European countries; in April of 2022, the EU said it would suspend its training program in Mali, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; in August 2022, France completed withdrawing the last of its forces from Mali, also citing obstructions from the military government; prior to the withdrawal, more than 2,000 French troops had provided military assistance and conducted counter-terrorism/counter-insurgency operations<br><br>in December 2021, the Malian military government contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; as of mid-2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012)<br><br>the FAMA and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained some 14,000 Malian soldiers and 8 combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; EUTM suspended its training program in 2022, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; over the same period, the French military provided assistance to the Malian security forces and conducted counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in Mali; the French suspended operations in 2021 and in August 2022 withdrew the last of its forces while also citing issues with the military government; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of late 2022, MINUSMA had around 14,000 personnel deployed <br><br>the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; they have also participated in security operations and been accused of war crimes; as of 2022, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali<br><br>Malian security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government was reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and terror attacks were increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has been able to reassert itself in 2022 (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data does not include former Western Sahara"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "29 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "29 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data does not include former Western Sahara"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "2.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -536,7 +536,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "11.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.4 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "217.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "217.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1278,8 +1278,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Armed Defense Forces of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM); Ministry of Interior: Mozambique National Police (PRM), the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC), Rapid Intervention Unit (UIR; police special forces), Border Security Force; other security forces include the Presidential Guard and the Force for the Protection of High-Level Individuals (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the FADM and other security forces are referred to collectively as the Defense and Security Forces (DFS)"
|
||||
"text": "Armed Defense Forces of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM)<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Mozambique National Police (PRM), the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC), Rapid Intervention Unit (UIR; police special forces), Border Security Force; other security forces include the Presidential Guard and the Force for the Protection of High-Level Individuals (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the FADM and other security forces are referred to collectively as the Defense and Security Forces (DFS)<br><strong><br>note 2:</strong> the PRM, SERNIC, and the UIR are responsible for law enforcement and internal security; the Border Security Force is responsible for protecting the country’s international borders and for carrying out police duties within 24 miles of borders<br><strong><br>note 3</strong>: the Presidential Guard provides security for the president, and the Force for the Protection of High-level Individuals provides security for senior-level officials at the national and provincial"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 2-year service obligation (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Government of Mozambique is facing an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and as of 2022, the fighting had left an estimated 4,000 dead and as many as 900,000 displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency; as of 2022, several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the European Union, as well as Rwanda and the US were providing various forms of military assistance; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while the EU and the US have provided training assistance; the counterterrorism efforts of the Mozambique and allied African military and security forces have seen some success against the militants, but as of 2022 terrorist attacks had expanded into the neighboring provinces of Niassa and Nampula (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the current primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and the fighting has left over 4,000 estimated dead and approximately 1 million displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency; as of 2022, several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the EU, as well as Rwanda and the US were providing various forms of military assistance; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while the EU and the US have provided training assistance; the counterterrorism efforts of the Mozambique and allied African military and security forces have seen some success against the militants, but as of 2022 terrorist attacks had expanded into the neighboring provinces of Niassa and Nampula (2023)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "34.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "34.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@
|
|||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN); Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Gendarmerie has primary responsibility for rural security; the National Guard is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>the National Police includes the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance, which is charged with border management<br><br>note 3: the National Guard was formerly known as the National Forces of Intervention and Security "
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the Gendarmerie (GN) and the National Guard (GNN) are paramilitary forces; the GN has primary responsibility for rural security while the GNN is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings; the GNN was formerly known as the National Forces of Intervention and Security<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>the National Police includes the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance, which is charged with border management"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "information varies; approximately 12,000 active FAN troops (8,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 4,000 Gendarmerie); approximately 3,000 National Guard (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; in recent years, it has received small amounts of mostly secondhand equipment and donations from several countries with the US as the top provider (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; in recent years, it has received small amounts of mostly secondhand equipment and donations from several countries, particularly the US (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "has conscription, although it is reportedly not always enforced; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "188,107 (Nigeria), 65,734 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "65,734 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 188,041 (Nigeria) (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "376,809 (includes the regions of Diffa, Tillaberi, and Tahoua; unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "286.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "286.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -458,7 +458,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "49.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "49.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "estimated 150-200,000 active personnel, mostly ground forces with small contingents of air and riverine forces (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>some active SSPDF personnel may be militia; the National/Necessary Unified Forces (NUF) will have about 50-80,000 troops from the SSPDF and armed opposition groups when it is formed; as of August 2022, approximately 20,000 NUF had been trained"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>some active SSPDF personnel may be militia; the National/Necessary Unified Forces (NUF) will have some 50-80,000 personnel; the initial batch of 22,000 NUF personnel completed training in August 2022"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -498,7 +498,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "31.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "31.4 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -510,7 +510,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "13.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "13.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "72,192 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,367 (Burundi) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "72,192 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022); 48,515 (Burundi) (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "9,500 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "18-28 (18-25 for officers) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year initial commitment; no conscription (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "formed in 1977, the SDF's primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "formed in 1977, the SDF is one of the world's smallest militaries; its primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling; the Seychelles have strong security ties with India (2022)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "51.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "51.4 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "39 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "39 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; in recent years, it has received small amounts of newer equipment from more than 10 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or secondhand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program and has received small amounts of newer equipment from more than 10 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "160 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "160 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -488,7 +488,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2019, the Federal Government of Somalia renewed its commitment to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers by signing a roadmap detailing measures and practical actions to prevent violations against children, release children associated with armed forces, and reintegrate them into communities; the signing followed a similar accord committed to ending the use of child soldiers signed by both the Somali Transitional Government and the UN in 2012"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Somali National Army (SNA) and supporting security and militia forces are actively conducting operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); al-Shabaab controls large parts of southern and central Somalia <br><br>of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective are assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; as of 2022, the Danab Brigade numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have up to 5,000 trained troops; the Somali Government has sent thousands of troops to Eritrea and Uganda for training and in 2023 announced plans to send additional personnel to Egypt and Ethiopia for training<br><br>the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operates in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission includes assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in April 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 and updated in 2021 to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community; the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to ATMIS, UNSOM, and the Somali security forces on joint operations with ATMIS<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US, UK, and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia (the US has also supported the SNA with air strikes); the UAE maintains a military presence in Somaliland (2023)"
|
||||
"text": "the Somali National Army (SNA) and supporting security and militia forces are actively conducting operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); al-Shabaab controls large parts of southern and central Somalia <br><br>of the SNA’s approximately 13 brigades, the most effective are assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; as of 2022, the Danab Brigade numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have up to 5,000 trained troops; the Somali Government has sent thousands of troops to Eritrea and Uganda for training and in 2023 announced plans to send additional personnel to Egypt and Ethiopia for training<br><br>the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in April 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 and updated in 2021 to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community; the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to ATMIS, UNSOM, and the Somali security forces on joint operations with ATMIS<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US, UK, and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia (the US has also supported the SNA with air strikes); the UAE maintains a military presence in Somaliland (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maritime threats": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -520,7 +520,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "37.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "37.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "information varies widely; estimated 100-125,000 active duty armed forces personnel; approximately 30-40,000 Rapid Support Forces (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet-era, and domestically produced weapons systems; in recent years, leading arms providers have included Belarus, China, Russia, and Ukraine; North Korea has also provided arms; Sudan has a domestic arms industry that manufactures ammunition, small arms, and armored vehicles, largely based on older Chinese and Russian systems (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet-era, and domestically produced weapons systems; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms provider; Sudan has one of the largest defense industries in Africa, which includes state-owned companies with military involvement; it mostly manufactures weapons systems under license from China, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-33 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service for men and women; 1-2 year service obligation (2022)",
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "2.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and a few small patrol boats (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maritime threats": {
|
||||
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\""
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "4.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.6 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Hanene TAJOURI Bessassi (since 4 October 2021)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Hanene TAJOURI BESSASSI (since 1 December 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"chancery": {
|
||||
"text": "1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -548,7 +548,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "96.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "96.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -738,7 +738,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "lower middle-income East African economy; large agricultural sector; slowing growth; protectionism limits foreign investments; natural resource rich; strong tourism sector; systemic income inequality; political instability during COVID-19 and election cycle"
|
||||
"text": "emerging lower middle-income East African economy; resource-rich and growing tourism; strong post-pandemic recovery from hospitality, electricity, mining, and transit sectors; declining poverty; stable inflation; gender-based violence economic and labor force disruptions"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -935,10 +935,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "India 20%, United Arab Emirates 13%, China 8%, Switzerland 7%, Rwanda 6%, Kenya 5%, Vietnam 5% (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "India 15%, United Arab Emirates 15%, Switzerland 14%, Uganda 12%, China 7% (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "gold, tobacco, cashews, sesame seeds, refined petroleum (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "gold, cashews, copper, precious metals, legumes (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2020": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -955,7 +955,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "China 34%, India 15%, United Arab Emirates 12% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, palm oil, packaged medicines, cars, wheat (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "copper, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, palm oil, wheat (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -524,7 +524,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "60.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "60.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "854,268 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 473,529 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 61,563 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,630 (Burundi), 26,683 (Eritrea), 23,251 (Rwanda), 5,330 (Ethiopia) (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "473,529 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 26,683 (Eritrea), 23,251 (Rwanda), 5,330 (Ethiopia) (2022); 62,169 (Somalia) (2023); 857,322 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,501 (Burundi) (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "67,000 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "13.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "13.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 13,000 personnel (8,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in 2019, the Burkina Faso Government announced an initial strength goal for the VDF of 15,000 members, but in October 2022 announced intentions to recruit up to 50,000 VDF volunteers<br><strong><br>note 2:</strong> in 2022, Burkina Faso announced a special recruitment for 3,000 additional soldiers to assist with its fight against terrorist groups operating in the country"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in 2022, the Burkina Faso Government announced a special recruitment for 3,000 additional soldiers to assist with its fight against terrorist groups operating in the country; it also put out a recruitment call for up to 50,000 VDF volunteers (the VDF's original recruited strength was 15,000)<br><strong><br><br></strong>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the FABF has a mix of mostly older or secondhand equipment from a mix of suppliers, including France, South Africa, the UK, and the US (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "including the most recent in October 2022, the military has conducted eight coups since 1960; the FABF and the National Gendarmerie were struggling to contain terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions of the country; in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operated in the eastern part of the country; an estimated 40% of the country was not under government control (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the FABF has a history of interference in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since 1960, including the most recent in September of 2022; its primary operational focus is internal security, and it is actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; the FABF is struggling to contain the groups, however, and a large portion of the country—40% by some estimates—is not under government control<br><br>in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operated in the eastern part of the country (2023)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "39.9 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "39.9 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "4.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.51 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "104.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "104.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -915,10 +915,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Switzerland 29%, China 16%, Namibia 12%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9%, Singapore 5% (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "Switzerland 32%, China 14%, Namibia 12%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9%, Singapore 8% (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "copper, gold, gemstones, sulfuric acid, raw sugar, tobacco (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "copper, gold, gemstones, tobacco, cement (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -932,10 +932,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "South Africa 29%, China 14%, United Arab Emirates 12%, India 5% (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "South Africa 31%, China 16%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6%, India 5% (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, delivery trucks, gold, fertilizers (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "copper, petroleum, fertilizers, packaged medicines, delivery trucks (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "20 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "44.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "44.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -507,10 +507,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Constitution": {
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978; note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution, with passage expected in 2018, but it has been postponed indefinitely"
|
||||
"text": "adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978; note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution; progress has been stalled, but as of February 2023, the draft constitution was with the Constitutional Review Unit in the prime minister's office "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"amendments": {
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2018; note - a new constitution was drafted in mid-2009 and the latest version drafted in 2013"
|
||||
"text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2018"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Legal system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economic overview": {
|
||||
"text": "lower middle-income Pacific island economy; natural resource rich; primarily subsistent agriculture and fishing; land rights conflicts; fairly low public debt; underdeveloped financial sector; large, state-owned enterprise presence"
|
||||
"text": "lower middle-income Pacific island economy; natural resource rich; primarily subsistence agriculture and fishing; land rights conflicts; fairly low public debt; underdeveloped financial sector; large, state-owned enterprise presence"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -472,7 +472,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "28.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "28.6 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "10 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "10 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "10 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "10 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -474,7 +474,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "327 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "327 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1009,18 +1009,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "128,000 (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "120,980 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "45 (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "43 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "295,000 (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "316,633 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "103 (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "113 (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telecommunication systems": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 45 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density about 103 per 100 persons (2020)"
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 43 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density about 113 per 100 persons (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 1-246; landing points for the ECFS and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cable with links to 15 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad and Puerto Ricco; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2019)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "21.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "113 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "113 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "38.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "38.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -511,7 +511,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "23.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "26.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "26.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "127.9 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "127.9 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "14 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -495,7 +495,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "92.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "92.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "10.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "10.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -481,7 +481,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "164.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "164.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "139.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "139.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -412,7 +412,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "7.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "7.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "24 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "300 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "300 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "3.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "100 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "100 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2024)<br>US House of Representatives last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 9, independent 6; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%<br><br>delegate to US House of Representatives - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition - 1 woman"
|
||||
"text": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 9, independent 6; composition - men 9, women 6, percent of women 40%<br><br>delegate to US House of Representatives - seat by party - Democratic Party 1; composition - 1 woman"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Virgin Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "23.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "108.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "108.4 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "4.5 trillion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.5 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "21.9 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21.9 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term for a maximum of two terms; however, as the \"Leader of the Nation\" President RAHMON can run an unlimited number of times; election last held on 11 October 2020 (next to be held in 2027); prime minister appointed by the president"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "2020: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 92.1%, Rustam LATIFZODA 3.1%, and other 4.8%<br><br>2013: Emomali RAHMOND reelected president; percent of vote 84%, Ismoil TALBAKOV 5%, other 11%"
|
||||
"text": "<em>2020:</em> Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 92.1%, Rustam LATIFZODA (APT) 3.1%, and other 4.8%<br><br><em>2013:</em> Emomali RAHMOND reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMOND (PDPT) 84%, Ismoil TALBAKOV CPT) 5%, other 11%"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -960,7 +960,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "7.114 million kW (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "15,070,890,000 kWh (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15.071 billion kWh (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports": {
|
||||
"text": "3.175 billion kWh (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Demographic profile": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>While Turkmenistan reputedly has a population of more than 5.6 million, the figure is most likely considerably less. Getting an accurate population estimate for the country is impossible because then President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW withheld the results of the last two censuses. The 2012 census results reportedly show that nearly 2 million citizens have emigrated in the last decade, which prompted BERDIMUHAMEDOW to order another census. Results of this census, covering 2008-2018, also were not released to the public but purportedly are similar. Another census supposedly will be held in 2022.</p> <p>Authorities have reacted to the dramatic population decline by preventing Turkmen from leaving the country, including removing citizens from international flights and refusing to provide necessary documents. Turkmenistan’s rise in outmigration – mainly to Turkey, Russia, and Uzbekistan – coincided with the country’s 2013-2014 economic crisis. The outflow has been sustained by poor living standards, inflation, low income, and a lack of health care. At the same time, Ashbagat is encouraging people to have more children to make up for its shrinking population.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>While Turkmenistan reputedly has a population of more than 5.6 million, the figure is most likely considerably less. Getting an accurate population estimate for the country is impossible because then President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW withheld the results of the last two censuses. The 2012 census results reportedly show that nearly 2 million citizens have emigrated in the last decade, which prompted BERDIMUHAMEDOW to order another census. Results of this census, covering 2008-2018, also were not released to the public but purportedly are similar. Another census was held in December 2022.</p> <p>Authorities have reacted to the dramatic population decline by preventing Turkmen from leaving the country, including removing citizens from international flights and refusing to provide necessary documents. Turkmenistan’s rise in outmigration – mainly to Turkey, Russia, and Uzbekistan – coincided with the country’s 2013-2014 economic crisis. The outflow has been sustained by poor living standards, inflation, low income, and a lack of health care. At the same time, Ashbagat is encouraging people to have more children to make up for its shrinking population.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Age structure": {
|
||||
"0-14 years": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "24.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "24.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,14 +594,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||||
"description": {
|
||||
"text": "bicameral National Council or Milli Genesi consists of:<br>People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (56 seats; 48 members indirectly elected by provincial councils and 8 members appointed by the president)<br>Assembly or Mejlisi (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)<br><br>note: in September 2020, the Turkmenistani legislature (Milli Genesi) adopted a constitutional amendment creating an upper chamber, making the legislature bicameral; the chairperson of the Halk Maslahaty is now designated as the constitutional successor to the presidency; as of March 2022, Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW continues to serve in this position after stepping away from the presidency"
|
||||
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); formerly the Assembly was the lower house of the bicameral National Council, which consisted of an upper house, the People's Council, and the Assembly"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "People's Council - first held on 28 March 2021 for 48 indirectly elected members (next to be held in 2026); first held on 14 April 2021 for 8 presidentially appointed members (next to be held NA)<br>Assembly - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "People's Council - first held on 28 March 2021 for 48 indirectly elected members; first held on 14 April 2021 for 8 presidentially appointed members; People's Council abolished in January 2023<br>Assembly - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held on 26 March 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "People's Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 3, independent 45; composition as of mid-2022 (55 members) - men 41, women 14, percent of women 25.5%<br>Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition as of mid-2022 (116 members) - men 86, women 30, percent of women 25.9%; note - total percent of National Council percent of women 25.7%"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> on 22 January 2023, a joint session of the then National Council voted unanimously to abolish the National Council, re-establishing a unicameral parliament"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -764,7 +765,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||||
"text": "milk, wheat, cotton, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, grapes, sugar beet, beef, rice"
|
||||
"text": "milk, wheat, cotton, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, grapes, sugar beets, beef, rice"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industries": {
|
||||
"text": "natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing"
|
||||
|
|
@ -933,7 +934,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "5.205 million kW (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "15,090,300,000 kWh (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15.09 billion kWh (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports": {
|
||||
"text": "3.2 billion kWh (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1016,19 +1017,19 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas": {
|
||||
"production": {
|
||||
"text": "83,622,908,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "83.623 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "45,398,541,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "45.399 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports": {
|
||||
"text": "38,224,367,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "38.224 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"proven reserves": {
|
||||
"text": "11,326,720,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.327 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Carbon dioxide emissions": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "48.9 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "48.9 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "1 trillion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -618,10 +618,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021); note - MIN AUNG HLAING self-appointed himself to the role of prime minister of a “caretaker” provisional government that subsumed the SAC on 1 August 2021; the SAC, chaired by MIN AUNG HLAING, has served as the executive governing body since 2 February 2021, following the 1 February 2021 military takeover of the government and the declaration of a state of emergency and still exists under the provisional government according to state media"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021);note - the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021); MIN AUNG HLAING self-appointed himself to the role of prime minister of a “caretaker” provisional government that subsumed the SAC on 1 August 2021"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council (SAC) Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Cabinet appointments shared by the president and the commander-in-chief; note - after 1 February, the military junta replaced the cabinet"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "8.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "476.1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "476.1 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "2.8 trillion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.8 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "2 trillion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2 trillion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "approximately 400,000 active duty troops (300,000 Army; 60,000 Navy, including about 20,000 marines; 30,000 Air Force) (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the Indonesian military inventory comes from a wide variety of sources; in recent years, the top suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade with uneven success; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; in 2019, the Indonesian Government said that growing its domestic defense industry was a national priority over the following 10 years (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of Chinese, Russian, and Western (including US) equipment; in recent years, the top suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade with uneven success; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; in 2019, the Indonesian Government said that growing its domestic defense industry was a national priority over the following 10 years (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized (males, age 18), but not utilized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers) (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "430 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "430 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "77.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "77.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "69.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "69.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "333.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "333.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "34.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "34.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "580 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "580 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "801 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "801 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "479 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "479 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "600 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "600 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "438.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "438.6 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "8.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in a new issue