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auto-update week 52
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206 changed files with 632 additions and 616 deletions
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@ -87,6 +87,8 @@
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"text": "major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"text": "marine pollution caused by ocean dumping, waste disposal, and oil spills; deep sea mining; oil pollution in Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea; coral reefs threatened due to climate change, direct human pressures, and inadequate governance, awareness, and political will; loss of biodiversity; endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales"
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@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
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},
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"Transportation": {
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"Icebreakers": {
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"text": "Norway: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker;<br>Russia: seven PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreakers, eight PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers;<br>note - the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)"
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"text": "Norway: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>Russia: seven PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreakers, eight PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)"
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},
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"Ports and terminals": {
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"major seaport(s)": {
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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
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},
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"Transportation": {
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"Icebreakers": {
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"text": "<em>North Atlantic</em><br>Canada: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br>France: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>Germany: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>US: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><em>Baltic</em><br>Denmark: three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Estonia: two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Finland: seven PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Latvia: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>Russia: 22 PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and five PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Sweden: four PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers<br><em>Great Lakes/St Lawrence Seaway</em><br>Canada: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, ten PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br><em>Mediterranean</em><br>Italy: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><em>South Atlantic</em><br>Argentina: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>UK (Falkland Islands): one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br>South Africa: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>note - the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)"
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"text": "<em>North Atlantic</em><br>Canada: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br>France: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>Germany: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>US: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><em>Baltic</em><br>Denmark: three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Estonia: two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Finland: seven PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Latvia: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>Russia: 22 PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and five PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Sweden: four PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers<br><em>Great Lakes/St Lawrence Seaway</em><br>Canada: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, ten PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br><em>Mediterranean</em><br>Italy: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><em>South Atlantic</em><br>Argentina: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>UK (Falkland Islands): one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br>South Africa: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)"
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},
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"Ports and terminals": {
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"major seaport(s)": {
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},
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"Transportation": {
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"Icebreakers": {
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"text": "<em>North Pacific</em><br>China: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers;<br>Japan: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker;<br>Russia: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and six PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers;<br>US: one PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreaker, one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><em>South Pacific</em><br>Australia: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker;<br>Chile: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker;<br>France (French Polynesia): one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker;<br>note - the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)"
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"text": "<em>North Pacific</em><br>China: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>Japan: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br>Russia: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and six PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers<br>US: one PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreaker, one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br><em>South Pacific</em><br>Australia: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br>Chile: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker<br>France (French Polynesia): one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)"
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},
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"Ports and terminals": {
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"major seaport(s)": {
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