auto-update week 49

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Yo Robot 2025-12-04 22:12:13 +00:00
parent b50eb457e9
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@ -1192,8 +1192,7 @@
"text": "none; note - in 1947, Algeria began hosting a French military rocket test site known as  the Centre Interarmées d’Essais d’Engins Spéciaux (CIEES or Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Center); it was the continent of Africa's first rocket launch site and was in service until 1967"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space policy and space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resources, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, satellite image processing, and geo-spatial information; has bilateral relationships with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine, the UK, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency and the Arab Space Coordination Group (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a national space policy and space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resources, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, image processing, and geo-spatial information; works with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine, the UK, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency and the Arab Space Coordination Group (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -1170,8 +1170,7 @@
"text": "National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gest&atilde;o do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2025)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Portugal, Russia, the US, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Portugal, Russia, the US, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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@ -604,7 +604,7 @@
"text": "12/29/2024"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) (124); Rally of Chadian Nationalists/Awakening (RNDT/ Le Réveil) (12); Others (27); Other (25)"
"text": "Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) (124); Rally of Chadian Nationalists/Awakening (RNDT/ Le R&eacute;veil) (12); Others (52)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "33.5%"

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@ -1263,8 +1263,7 @@
"text": "Egyptian Space Agency (EgSA; established 2019); National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS; formed in 1994 from the Remote Sensing Center, which was established in 1971) (2025)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a growing space program and seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing capabilities and associated support infrastructure; acquiring other space-related technologies through transfers and domestic development, including on communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; cooperating on space-related issues with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group; has a commercial space sector that focuses on satellite communications, satellite design and production, RS capabilities, and space applications (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a growing space program and seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing and support infrastructure; acquiring other space-related technologies through transfers and domestic development, including in communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; works with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the ESA and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group; has an active commercial space sector (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
"text": "Prosperity Party (448); Other (22)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "41.9%"
"text": "29.7%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "June 2026"
@ -1188,8 +1188,7 @@
"text": "Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute (ESSGI; formed in 2022 from the joining of the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute or ESSTI and the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute or EGII) (2025)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space program focused on acquiring and operating satellites, as well as conducting research; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners and operates and exploits remote sensing (RS) satellites; developing the ability to manufacture satellites and their associated payloads; involved in astronomy and in the construction of space observatories; cooperates on space-related issues with a variety of countries, including China, France, India, Russia, and multiple African countries, particularly Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "focuses on acquiring and operating satellites, as well as conducting research; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners, and operates and exploits remote sensing (RS) satellites; developing the ability to manufacture satellites and their payloads; involved in astronomy and the construction of space observatories; works with a variety of countries, including China, France, India, Russia, and multiple African countries, particularly Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -1163,8 +1163,7 @@
"text": "Gabonese Studies and Space Observations Agency (Agence Gabonaise d&rsquo;Etudes et d&rsquo;Observations Spatiales or AGEOS; established 2015) (2025)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a small space program focused on the acquisition, processing, analysis, and furnishing of data from remote sensing (RS) satellites for environmental management, mapping, natural resources, land use planning, and maritime surveillance, as well as research and innovation; member of the African Space Agency; has relationships with Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France), and the US, as well as African countries such as Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and South Africa; shares RS satellite data with neighboring countries (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a small space program focused on using data from remote sensing (RS) satellites for environmental and natural-resource management, mapping, land-use planning, maritime surveillance, and research; member of the African Space Agency; has relationships with Brazil, China, the ESA, individual ESA member states (particularly France), and the US, as well as African countries such as Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and South Africa; shares RS satellite data with neighboring countries (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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@ -1194,8 +1194,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the GSSTI is eventually slated to become the Ghana Space Agency"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has nascent space program focused on earth observation, space science education, and telecommunications; seeks to exploit remote sensing (RS) technology for agriculture, natural resource management, weather forecasting, and national security issues; relies on foreign imagery for analysis but seeks to develop its own RS satellite capabilities; has established cooperative relationships with China and Japan, as well as a number of regional states, particularly South Africa; cooperating with Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda to establish a joint satellite to monitor climate changes in the African continent; member of the African Space Agency; partner of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) international astronomy initiative (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has nascent space program focused on Earth observation, space science education, and telecommunications; seeks to exploit remote sensing (RS) technology for agriculture, natural-resource management, weather forecasting, and national security; relies on foreign imagery for analysis but seeks to develop its own RS satellite capabilities; has established cooperative relationships with China, Japan, and a number of regional states, particularly South Africa; working with Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda on a satellite to monitor climate changes in the African continent; member of the African Space Agency; partner in the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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@ -1201,8 +1201,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in mid-2025, Côte dIvoire announced that it would establish the Space Agency of Côte dIvoire (ASCI) in 2026 under the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a small, nascent program with a focus on satellite technology and geospatial information systems and exploitation for national planning, resource management, addressing environmental challenges, supporting the agricultural sector and scientific research, promoting domestic expertise, and national security issues; member of the African Space Agency and cooperates bilaterally with member states such as Tanzania (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a small, nascent program focused on satellite technology and geospatial information systems, as well as exploitation for resource management, environmental challenges, agricultural sector support, and national security; member of the African Space Agency and cooperates bilaterally with member states such as Tanzania (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
"text": "National Assembly"
},
"number of seats": {
"text": "350 (all directly elected)"
"text": "350 (337 directly elected; 12 nominated by parties to represent special interests, including youths, people with disabilities, workers; the Speaker as ex-officio member)"
},
"electoral system": {
"text": "plurality/majority"
@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
"text": "8/9/2022"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "United Democratic Alliance (UDA) (145); Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) (86); Jubilee Party (JP) (28); Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya (WDM-K) (26); Others (19); Other (45)"
"text": "United Democratic Alliance (UDA) (145); Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) (86); Jubilee Party (JP) (28); Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya (WDM-K) (26); Others (52); Independents (12)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "23.4%"
@ -1211,8 +1211,7 @@
"text": "Luigi Broglio Space Center (aka Malindi Space Center, Malindi Station, San Marco Satellite Launching and Tracking Station; Kilifi County; over 20 sounding rockets and nine satellites launched from the site, 1967-1989); in 2020, Kenya concluded a new deal with Italy to conduct rocket launches from the site again in the future (2025)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space strategy focused on acquiring and applying space technologies and applications for agriculture, communications, disaster and resource management, security, urban planning, and weather monitoring; jointly develops and builds nanosatellites with foreign partners; operates satellites; researching and developing satellite payloads and imagery data analysis capabilities; has cooperated on space issues with China, Japan, India, Italy, and the US, as well as a variety African partners; member of the African Space Agency (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a national space strategy focused on acquiring and applying space technologies for agriculture, communications, disaster and resource management, security, urban planning, and weather monitoring; jointly develops and builds nanosatellites with foreign partners; operates satellites; researching and developing satellite payloads and imagery data analysis capabilities; has cooperated on space issues with China, Japan, India, Italy, and the US, as well as a variety of African partners; member of the African Space Agency (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
"text": "5/29/2024"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "Isika Rehetra Miaraka Amini Andry Rajoelina (IRMAR) (84); Firaisankina (22); Independents (50); Other (7)"
"text": "Isika Rehetra Miaraka Amin&rsquo;i Andry Rajoelina (IRMAR) (84); Firaisankina (22); Independents (50); Other (7)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "14.1%"

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@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "April 2030"
},
"note": "<strong>Note:</strong> on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the National Assembly; a commission recommended to the junta in February 2025 a minimum of a five-year transition to democratic rule"
"note": "<strong>Note 1:</strong> on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the National Assembly; a commission recommended to the junta in February 2025 a minimum of a five-year transition to democratic rule<br><br><strong>Note 2:</strong> In May 2025, Transitional President Tchiani signed decrees nominating 194 members of the Advisory Council for the Refoundation (Conseil consultatif de la refondation or CCR), CCR Bureau members, and the Speaker, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey; the first session of the CCR convened on 28 June 2025"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest court(s)": {

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@ -1206,8 +1206,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> NARSDA originated from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, the National Committee on Space Applications (both established in 1987), and the Directorate of Science (established 1993)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space program with a focus on acquiring satellites for agricultural, environmental, meteorology, mining and disaster monitoring, security purposes, and socio-economic development; designs, builds (mostly with foreign assistance), and operates satellites; processes overhead imagery data for analysis and sharing; developing additional capabilities in satellite and satellite payload production, including remote sensing technologies; has a sounding rocket program for researching rockets and rocket propulsion systems with goal of launching domestically produced satellites into space from a Nigerian spaceport by 2030; has relations and/or cooperation agreements with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Ghana, India, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the US, and Vietnam; has a government-owned satellite company and a small commercial aerospace sector (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a national space program that focuses on acquiring satellites for agricultural and environmental applications, meteorology, mining and disaster monitoring, security, and socio-economic development; designs, builds (mostly with foreign assistance), and operates satellites; processes overhead imagery data for analysis and sharing; developing additional capabilities in satellite and satellite payload production, including remote sensing technologies; has a sounding rocket program for researching rockets and rocket propulsion, with goal of launching domestically produced satellites into space from a Nigerian spaceport by 2030; works with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Ghana, India, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the US, and Vietnam; has a government-owned satellite company and a small commercial aerospace sector (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@
"text": "18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger, with parental consent, for voluntary service (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Armed Forces (FARP) are focused on external security, but also has some internal security duties; the FARP and the paramilitary National Guard have been influential in the country&rsquo;s politics since independence and have attempted several coups; FARP members were suspected of coup plotting as recently as 2021, and it put down an attempted coup in 2022, while the National Guard attempted a coup in December 2023; since the 2000s, the FARP has undergone various attempts at defense and security sector reforms under the auspices of the African Union, the EU, the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS), and the UN (2025)"
"text": "the Armed Forces (FARP) are focused on external security, but also has some internal security duties; the FARP and the paramilitary National Guard have been influential in the country&rsquo;s politics since independence and have attempted several coups; since the 2000s, the FARP has undergone various attempts at defense and security sector reforms under the auspices of the African Union, the EU, the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS), and the UN (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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@ -1147,8 +1147,7 @@
"text": "Rwanda Space Agency (L&rsquo;Agence Spatiale Rwandaise; RSA; established 2020 and approved by legislature in 2021) (2025)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a small program focused on developing and utilizing space technologies, such as satellite communications and imagery for connectivity, disaster management, security purposes, and socioeconomic development; seeks to establish itself as an African hub for satellite development; operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; the RSA is responsible for regulating and coordinating the countrys space activities and encouraging commercial and industrial development; has established ties with the space agencies or industries of several countries, including France, Israel, Japan, Poland, the UAE, and the US, as well as those of the African Space Agency (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a small program focused on developing space technologies, such as satellite communications and imagery for connectivity, disaster management, security, and socioeconomic development; operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; has established ties with the space agencies or industries of several countries, including France, Israel, Japan, Poland, the UAE, and the US, as well as members of the African Space Agency; seeks to establish itself as an African hub for satellite production and has encouraged development of a domestic commercial space sector (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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@ -1238,8 +1238,7 @@
"text": "Arniston launch facility (Western Cape) used to support space launch vehicle and ballistic missile program (1980s-1990s); it is now a weapons testing facility called the Denel Overberg Test Range (2024)"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "space program is one of the most advanced in Africa; key areas of emphasis include Earth observation/remote sensing (RS), space weather monitoring, space scientific research, space engineering, and space operations (tracking, telemetry, etc); produces and operates satellites; has a sounding rocket program for carrying experimental payloads for research purposes; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, France, India, Russia, and the US; member of the African Space Agency; participates in international programs such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project, an effort to build the worlds largest radio telescope by 2030; has a substantial number of state- and privately-owned aerospace companies, as well as academic and research institutions involved in space-related activities (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "key areas of emphasis for its national space program include Earth observation/remote sensing (RS) capabilities, weather monitoring, research, engineering, and operations (tracking, telemetry, etc.); produces and operates satellites; has a sounding rocket program for carrying experimental payloads for research; cooperates with a range of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, France, India, Russia, and the US; member of the African Space Agency; participates in international programs such as the Square Kilometer Array Project; has a number of state- and privately-owned aerospace companies, as well as academic and research institutions involved in space-related activities (2025)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Joey HOOD (since 2 February 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Bill BAZZI (since 21 November 2025)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Les Berges du Lac, 1053 Tunis"

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@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
"text": "unicameral"
},
"number of seats": {
"text": "403 (272 directly elected; 120 indirectly elected; 10 appointed)"
"text": "403 (272 directly elected; 120 indirectly elected; 10 appointed; 1 other)"
},
"electoral system": {
"text": "plurality/majority"
@ -623,16 +623,16 @@
"text": "5 years"
},
"most recent election date": {
"text": "10/28/2020"
"text": "10/29/2025"
},
"parties elected and seats per party": {
"text": "Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (CCM) (350); Chadema (Party for Democracy and Development) (20); Other (7)"
"text": "Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (CCM) (403); ACT-Wazalendo (2)"
},
"percentage of women in chamber": {
"text": "0%"
"text": "39.5%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "October 2025"
"text": "October 2030"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

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@ -1136,8 +1136,7 @@
"note": "note: ZINGSA is under the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science, and Technology Development"
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a nascent program with the goal of utilizing space technologies in economic development, including remote sensing capabilities to assist with monitoring or managing agriculture and food security, climate change, disease outbreaks, environmental hazards and disasters, and natural resources, as well as weather forecasting; has cooperated with Japan and Russia (2025)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the countrys space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
"text": "has a nascent program with the goal of using space technologies in economic development, including remote sensing capabilities to assist with monitoring or managing agriculture, food security, climate change, disease outbreaks, environmental hazards and disasters, and natural resources, as well as weather forecasting; has cooperated with Japan and Russia (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {