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auto-update week 48
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
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ac5edd3a6a
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@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Ambassador Noah ZARING (since March 2025)"
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Shannon Nagy CAZEAU (since 2 October 2025)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda"
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@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch - lower chamber": {
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"chamber name": {
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"text": "National Assembly (Conseil national de transition)"
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"text": "National Assembly (National Assembly)"
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},
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"number of seats": {
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"text": "188 (all directly elected)"
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@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
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"text": "27.7%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "October 2025"
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"text": "November 2025"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
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@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
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"text": "Future of the Nation (Mostakbal Watan) (148); Republican People's party (17); Independents (88); Other (47)"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "13.7%"
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"text": "10.7%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "July 2030"
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@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Robert ANDERSON (since 22 August 2025)"
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Eugene S. YOUNG (since 14 October 2025)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, P.M.B. 19, Banjul"
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@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"legislature name": {
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"text": "Transitional Parlement (Parliament de la transition)"
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"text": "Parliament"
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},
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"legislative structure": {
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"text": "bicameral"
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@ -558,19 +558,25 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch - lower chamber": {
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"chamber name": {
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"text": "Transitional National Assembly (Assemblée nationale de la transition)"
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"text": "National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)"
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},
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"number of seats": {
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"text": "98 (all appointed)"
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"text": "145 (all directly elected)"
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},
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"electoral system": {
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"text": "plurality/majority"
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},
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"scope of elections": {
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"text": "full renewal"
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},
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"term in office": {
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"text": "5 years"
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},
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"most recent election date": {
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"text": "10/6/2023"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "25.5%"
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"text": "21.6%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "September 2025"
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@ -578,14 +584,17 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
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"chamber name": {
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"text": "Transitional Senate (Sénat de la transition)"
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"text": "Senate (Senate)"
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},
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"number of seats": {
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"text": "70 (all appointed)"
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"text": "70 (all indirectly elected)"
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},
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"scope of elections": {
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"text": "full renewal"
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},
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"term in office": {
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"text": "5 years"
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},
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"most recent election date": {
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"text": "10/6/2023"
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},
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@ -593,7 +602,7 @@
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"text": "20.3%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "August 2025"
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"text": "November 2025"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -1154,7 +1163,7 @@
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"text": "Gabonese Studies and Space Observations Agency (Agence Gabonaise d’Etudes et d’Observations Spatiales or AGEOS; established 2015) (2025)"
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},
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"Space program overview": {
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"text": "has a small space program focused on the acquisition, processing, analysis, and furnishing of data from remote sensing (RS) satellites for environmental management, mapping, natural resources, land use planning, and maritime surveillance, as well as research and innovation; member of the African Space Agency; has relationships with Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France), and the US, as well as African countries such as Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and South Africa; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2025)",
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"text": "has a small space program focused on the acquisition, processing, analysis, and furnishing of data from remote sensing (RS) satellites for environmental management, mapping, natural resources, land use planning, and maritime surveillance, as well as research and innovation; member of the African Space Agency; has relationships with Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France), and the US, as well as African countries such as Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and South Africa; shares RS satellite data with neighboring countries (2025)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
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}
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},
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@ -438,17 +438,17 @@
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},
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"Total water withdrawal": {
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"municipal": {
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"text": "230 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "230 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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},
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"industrial": {
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"text": "60 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "60 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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},
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"agricultural": {
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"text": "600 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "600 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "226 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "226 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -1197,11 +1197,11 @@
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},
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"Space": {
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"Space agency/agencies": {
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"text": "National Office for Technical Studies and Development (Bureau d'Études Techniques et de Développement or BNETD) (2025)",
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"text": "National Office for Technical Studies and Development (Bureau d'Études Techniques et de Développement or BNETD); Côte d’Ivoire Geographic and Digital Information Center (CIGN) (2025)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in mid-2025, Côte d’Ivoire announced that it would establish the Space Agency of Côte d’Ivoire (ASCI) in 2026 under the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research"
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},
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"Space program overview": {
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"text": "has a small, nascent program with a focus on satellite technology and geospatial information systems for effective national planning, resource management, addressing environmental challenges, supporting the agricultural sector and scientific research, promoting domestic expertise, and national security issues (2025)",
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"text": "has a small, nascent program with a focus on satellite technology and geospatial information systems and exploitation for national planning, resource management, addressing environmental challenges, supporting the agricultural sector and scientific research, promoting domestic expertise, and national security issues; member of the African Space Agency and cooperates bilaterally with member states such as Tanzania (2025)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
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}
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},
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@ -388,17 +388,17 @@
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},
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"Total water withdrawal": {
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"municipal": {
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"text": "700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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},
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"industrial": {
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"text": "280 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "280 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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},
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"agricultural": {
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"text": "4.85 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "4.85 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
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"text": "unicameral"
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},
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"number of seats": {
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"text": "193 (all directly elected)"
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"text": "229 (all directly elected)"
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},
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"electoral system": {
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"text": "plurality/majority"
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@ -584,13 +584,13 @@
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"text": "5 years"
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},
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"most recent election date": {
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"text": "5/21/2019"
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"text": "9/16/2025"
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},
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"parties elected and seats per party": {
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"text": "Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (62); Malawi Congress Party (MCP) (55); United Democratic Front (UDF) (10); Independents (55); Other (10)"
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"text": "Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (78); Malawi Congress Party (MCP) (52); Independents (73); Other (21)"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "20.7%"
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"text": "21.4%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "September 2025"
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@ -676,7 +676,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ben ZIFF (since 28 August 2025)"
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"text": "Ambassador-designate Richard Duke BUCHAN III; Chargé d'Affaires Ben ZIFF (since 28 August 2025)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Km 5.7 Avenue Mohammed VI, Souissi, Rabat 10170"
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@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); John T. ICE Chargé d’Affaires (since July 2024)"
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Corina R. SANDERS (since September 2025)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Nouadhibou Road, Avenue Al Quds, NOT PRTZ, Nouakchott"
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@ -604,7 +604,7 @@
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"text": "Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) (171); Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique (PODEMOS) (43); Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) (28); Other (8)"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "39.2%"
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"text": "38.3%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "October 2029"
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@ -1145,16 +1145,16 @@
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"text": "2% of GDP (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2023": {
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"text": "1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)"
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"text": "2% of GDP (2023 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2022": {
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"text": "1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)"
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"text": "2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2021": {
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"text": "1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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"text": "2% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2020": {
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"text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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"text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
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@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@
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"text": "the FADM's inventory consists primarily of Russian and Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received some more modern equipment from a variety of countries, mostly as aid/donations (2024)"
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},
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"Military service age and obligation": {
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"text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 60-month service obligation (2025)"
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"text": "has conscription and voluntary service; registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; initial 60-month service obligation (2025)"
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},
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency in the northern province of Cabo Delgado by militants affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham terrorist group (ISIS-Mozambique; known locally as Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama‘a); since 2017, the conflict has claimed an estimated 6,000 lives and displaced an estimated one million persons; at Mozambique's request, Rwanda and several southern African countries under the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) deployed forces to Mozambique to combat the insurgency in 2021; the SADC forces departed in 2024; as of 2025, Rwanda continued to provide approximately 3,000 military and police personnel to assist Mozambican Defense and Security Forces, along with several hundred Tanzanian troops; the EU has also provided training assistance (2025)"
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@ -595,6 +595,9 @@
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "19.6%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "April 2030"
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},
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"note": "<strong>Note:</strong> on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the National Assembly; a commission recommended to the junta in February 2025 a minimum of a five-year transition to democratic rule"
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
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"text": "All Progressives Congress (APC) (180); People's Democratic Party (PDP) (116); Labour Party (LP) (35); New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) (19); Other (10)"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "3.9%"
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"text": "4.2%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "February 2027"
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@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
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"text": "All Progressives Congress (APC) (59); People's Democratic Party (PDP) (36); Labour Party (LP) (8); Other (6)"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
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"text": "2.8%"
|
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"text": "3.7%"
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},
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"expected date of next election": {
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"text": "February 2027"
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@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> NARSDA originated from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, the National Committee on Space Applications (both established in 1987), and the Directorate of Science (established 1993)"
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},
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"Space program overview": {
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"text": "has a national space program with a focus on acquiring satellites for agricultural, environmental, meteorology, mining and disaster monitoring, socio-economic development, and security purposes; designs, builds (mostly with foreign assistance), and operates satellites; processes overhead imagery data for analysis and sharing; developing additional capabilities in satellite and satellite payload production, including remote sensing (RS) technologies; has a sounding rocket program for researching rockets and rocket propulsion systems with goal of launching domestically produced satellites into space from a Nigerian spaceport by 2030; has relations and/or cooperation agreements with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Ghana, India, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the US, and Vietnam; has a government-owned satellite company and a small commercial aerospace sector (2025)",
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"text": "has a national space program with a focus on acquiring satellites for agricultural, environmental, meteorology, mining and disaster monitoring, security purposes, and socio-economic development; designs, builds (mostly with foreign assistance), and operates satellites; processes overhead imagery data for analysis and sharing; developing additional capabilities in satellite and satellite payload production, including remote sensing technologies; has a sounding rocket program for researching rockets and rocket propulsion systems with goal of launching domestically produced satellites into space from a Nigerian spaceport by 2030; has relations and/or cooperation agreements with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Ghana, India, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the US, and Vietnam; has a government-owned satellite company and a small commercial aerospace sector (2025)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
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}
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},
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@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
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"text": "unicameral"
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},
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"number of seats": {
|
||||
"text": "35 (all directly elected)"
|
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"text": "34 (all directly elected)"
|
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},
|
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"electoral system": {
|
||||
"text": "mixed system"
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@ -513,16 +513,16 @@
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"text": "5 years"
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||||
},
|
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"most recent election date": {
|
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"text": "10/22/2020 to 10/24/2020"
|
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"text": "9/27/2025"
|
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},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Seychelles Democratic Alliance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa, LDS) (25); United Seychelles (US) (10)"
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"text": "United Seychelles (US) (19); Seychelles Democratic Alliance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa, LDS) (15)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "28.6%"
|
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"text": "26.5%"
|
||||
},
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"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
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"text": "September 2030"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -558,13 +558,16 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
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"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Henry V. JARDINE (since 22 February 2023) and Chargé d’Affaires Adham LOUTFI (since 6 October 2023); note - Ambassador JARDINE is posted in Mauritius and is accredited to Seychelles, and Chargé d’Affaires LOUTFI is posted in Victoria, Seychelles"
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"text": "Ambassador Henry V. JARDINE (since 22 February 2023) and Chargé d’Affaires Adham LOUTFI (since 6 October 2023); note - Ambassador JARDINE is posted in Mauritius and is accredited to Seychelles, and Chargé d’Affaires LOUTFI is posted in Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles"
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},
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"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "2nd Floor, Oliaji Trade Center, Victoria Mahe, Seychelles; note - US Embassy in Seychelles reopened on 1 June 2023 after having been closed in 1996"
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},
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"telephone": {
|
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"text": "[248] 422 5256"
|
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},
|
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"email address and website": {
|
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"text": "<br>USEmbassySeychelles@state.gov<br><br>https://sc.usembassy.gov/"
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}
|
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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|
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@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
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"text": "5/29/2024"
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},
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"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "45%"
|
||||
"text": "44.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "May 2029"
|
||||
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@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@
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|||
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1217,17 +1217,17 @@
|
|||
"text": "approximately 65-70,000 active-duty National Defense Forces (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the SANDF's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and foreign-supplied equipment; South Africa's domestic defense industry produced most of the Army's major weapons systems (some were jointly produced with foreign companies), while the Air Force and Navy inventories include a mix of aging European-, Israeli-, and US-origin weapons and equipment; South Africa has one of Africa's leading defense industries (2024)"
|
||||
"text": "the SANDF's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and foreign-supplied equipment; South Africa's domestic defense industry produced most of the Army's major weapons systems (some were jointly produced with foreign companies), while the Air Force and Navy inventories include a mix of aging European, Israeli, and US origin weapons and equipment; South Africa has one of Africa's leading defense industries (2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-22 (18-26 for college graduates) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 2-year service obligation (2023)",
|
||||
"text": "18-22 (18-26 for college graduates) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; initial 2-year service obligation (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2023, women comprised nearly 30% of the military"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 1,100 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "approximately 2,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO and Southern African Development Community) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the South African National Defense Force's (SANDF) primary responsibilities include territorial and maritime defense, supporting the Police Service, protecting key infrastructure, responding to disasters, and participating in international peacekeeping missions; border security and maintaining a rapid reaction capability for regional security missions and disaster response are priorities; in recent years, it has been deployed internally to assist the Police with quelling unrest and assisting with border security; the SANDF also regularly participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions and is a member of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force; in 2021, South AFrica sent about 1,500 SANDF troops to Mozambique as part of a multinational SADC force to help combat an insurgency<br><br>the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "the South African National Defense Force's (SANDF) primary responsibilities include territorial and maritime defense, supporting the Police Service, protecting key infrastructure, responding to disasters, and participating in international peacekeeping missions; border security and maintaining a rapid reaction capability for regional security missions and disaster response have been priorities; in recent years, it has been deployed internally to assist the Police with quelling unrest and assisting with border security; the SANDF also regularly participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions and is a member of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force<br><br>the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands (2025)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Bryan David HUNT (since 8 September 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Jared M. YANCEY (since 18 September 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Southridge-Hill Station, Freetown"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription of men aged 18-40 and women aged 18-30 is authorized, but not currently utilized (2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the primary responsibility of the Somali National Army (SNA) is combating the al-Shabaab terrorist group, which controls large portions of central and southern Somalia and continues to conduct attacks targeting both military and civilian sites, including military bases, government institutions, and civilian gatherings; the SNA is supported by the National Police, regional/state security forces, and allied militias, as well as international forces; some African Union (AU) countries have provided military assistance to the SNA since 2007 under the AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM, 2007-2022), the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS, 2022-2024), and the AU Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM, January 2025-present); Turkey and the US have also provided direct military support to SNA operations, primarily air strikes<br><br>Turkey and the US have formed and trained SNA units, including the US-backed Danab (\"Lightning\") Brigade and the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") brigades; SNA soldiers have also received training from Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the EU, Uganda, the UAE, and the UK (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "the primary responsibility of the Somali National Army (SNA) is combating the al-Shabaab terrorist group, which controls large portions of central and southern Somalia and continues to conduct attacks targeting both military and civilian sites, including military bases, government institutions, and civilian gatherings; the SNA is supported by the National Police, regional/state security forces, and allied militias, as well as international forces; some African Union (AU) countries have provided military assistance to the SNA since 2007 under the AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM, 2007-2022), the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS, 2022-2024), and the AU Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM, January 2025-present); Turkey and the US have also provided military support to SNA operations<br><br>Turkey and the US have formed and trained SNA units, including the US-backed Danab (\"Lightning\") Brigade and the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") brigades; SNA soldiers have also received training from Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the EU, Uganda, the UAE, and the UK (2025)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "unicameral"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"number of seats": {
|
||||
"text": "393 (264 directly elected; 118 indirectly elected; 10 appointed)"
|
||||
"text": "403 (272 directly elected; 120 indirectly elected; 10 appointed)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electoral system": {
|
||||
"text": "plurality/majority"
|
||||
|
|
@ -629,7 +629,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (CCM) (350); Chadema (Party for Democracy and Development) (20); Other (7)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "37.8%"
|
||||
"text": "0%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "October 2025"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1176,10 +1176,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2024": {
|
||||
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2024 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
|
||||
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
|
||||
"text": "1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1195,10 +1195,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "approximately 25,000 active Defense Forces (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
"text": "the TPDF's inventory includes mostly Chinese and Russian/Soviet-era weapons and equipment (2024)"
|
||||
"text": "the TPDF's inventory includes mostly Chinese and Russian/Soviet-era weapons and equipment (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year commitment (2-year contracts afterwards); selective conscription for 2 years of public service (2024)"
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year commitment (2-year contracts afterwards); selective conscription for 2 years of public service (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "520 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); more than 1,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO and Southern African Development Community regional force); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 300 Mozambique (under bi-lateral agreement to assist with combatting an insurgency) (2025)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2024, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger announced they were forming joint force of 5,000 troops to combat extremist groups in the Sahel"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso (FABF) are responsible for external defense but also have an internal security role and can be called out to assist internal security forces in restoring public order, combating crime, securing the border, and conducting counterterrorism/counterinsurgency/internal defense operations<br><br>the FABF's primary focus is combatting militants affiliated with the al-Qa'ida and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist groups, which have operated in the country for more than a decade and are estimated to control at least 30 percent of Burkina Faso as of 2025; Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups that act as al-Qa'ida in the Land of the Islamic Magreb's (AQIM) arm in the Sahel, is strongest in the north but active in nearly all of the country's 13 provinces, while ISIS in the Greater Sahara (aka ISIS-Sahel) operates in the eastern part of the country<br><br>the FABF has a history of involvement in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since its formation in 1960-61, including the most recent in September 2022; several combat units were disbanded in 2011 following mutinies (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso (FABF) are responsible for external defense but also have an internal security role and can be called out to assist internal security forces in restoring public order, combating crime, securing the border, and conducting counterterrorism/counterinsurgency/internal defense operations<br><br>the FABF's primary focus is combatting militants of the al-Qa'ida and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist groups, which have operated in Burkina Faso for more than a decade and control portions of the country; Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups that act as al-Qa'ida in the Land of the Islamic Magreb's (AQIM) arm in the Sahel, is strongest in the north but active in nearly all of the country's 13 provinces, while ISIS in the Greater Sahara (aka ISIS-Sahel) operates in the eastern part of the country<br><br>the FABF has a history of involvement in the country’s politics, having conducted eight coups since its formation in 1960-61, including the most recent in September 2022; several combat units were disbanded in 2011 following mutinies (2025)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "SWAPO Party (51); Independent Patriots of Change (IPC) (20); Affirmative Repositioning (AR) (6); Landless People's Movement (LPM) (5); Popular Democratic Movement (PDM) (5); Other (9)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "40.6%"
|
||||
"text": "42.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "November 2029"
|
||||
|
|
@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brandon HUDSPETH (since 1 January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador John GIORDANO (since 29 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "38 Metje Street, Klein Windhoek, Windhoek"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -444,17 +444,17 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "290 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "290 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "130 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "130 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "1.15 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.152 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "104.8 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "104.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -831,7 +831,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "$5.388 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$5.554 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$6.19 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"Flag": {
|
||||
"text": "the flag of Australia is used"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Jennifer JOHNSON (since 13 September 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Jennifer L. JOHNSON (since 13 September 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "1286 US Embassy Place, Kolonia, Pohnpei, FM 96941"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -462,6 +462,9 @@
|
|||
"electoral system": {
|
||||
"text": "plurality/majority"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"scope of elections": {
|
||||
"text": "Full renewal"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"term in office": {
|
||||
"text": "3 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -472,7 +475,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "10.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2028"
|
||||
"text": "October 2028"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Mahia Peninsula Launch Complex (Hawke's Bay) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "national space program focused largely on the development of a commercial space sector, particularly in the field of satellites and satellite/space launch vehicles (SLV); manufactures and launches commercial satellites and SLVs; researches and develops a range of other space-related technologies, including propulsion systems; participates in international space programs and partners with a range of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Australia, Canada, the EU and its member states, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member states, South Africa, and the US; has a growing commercial space sector (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has a national space program focused largely on the development of a commercial space sector, particularly in the field of satellites and satellite launch vehicles (SLV); manufactures and launches commercial satellites and SLVs; researches and develops a range of other space-related technologies, including propulsion systems; participates in international space programs and partners with a range of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Australia, Canada, the EU and the European Space Agency and their member states, South Africa, and the US; has a growing commercial space sector (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -356,7 +356,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Administrator Superior Blaise GOURTAY (since 1 August 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Administrator Superior Jean-François de MANHEULLE (since 17 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "President of the Territorial Assembly Munipoese MULI'AKA'AKA (since 20 March 2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Faatuatua ile Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) (32); Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) (22)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "13%"
|
||||
"text": "9.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "August 2030"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -366,11 +366,11 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Kimberly FURNISH (since June 2024)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador-designate Herschel WALKER (since 20 October 2025); Chargé d’Affaires Kimberly FURNISH (since June 2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "42 Queen Street, Nassau"
|
||||
|
|
@ -744,10 +744,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.606 billion (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.855 billion (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.102 billion (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.389 billion (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -349,17 +349,17 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "20 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Patricia AGUILERA (since 1 October 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Leah F. CAMPOS (since 19 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Av. Republica de Colombia #57, Santo Domingo"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -351,17 +351,17 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "12 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "2.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1163,6 +1163,11 @@
|
|||
"text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) are responsible for maintaining the country’s territory, defending its sovereignty, providing emergency/humanitarian assistance, and supporting the National Police (PNH); the FFAA’s primary focus is internal and border security, and since 2011 a considerable portion of it has been deployed to support the PNH in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; military support to domestic security included the creation of the Military Police of Public Order (PMOP) in 2013 to provide security in areas controlled by street gangs to combat crime and make arrests; the FFAA, including the PMOP, cooperates with the militaries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua on border security<br><br>the FFAA has received military equipment, training, humanitarian, and technical assistance from the US military; the US military maintains a joint service task force co-located with the FFAA at Soto Cano Air Base (2025)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
"Terrorist group(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "La Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -544,16 +544,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "5 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "9/3/2020"
|
||||
"text": "9/3/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) (49); People's National Party (PNP) (14)"
|
||||
"text": "Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) (35); People's National Party (PNP) (28)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "28.6%"
|
||||
"text": "30.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "August 2030"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -570,13 +570,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "5 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "9/15/2020"
|
||||
"text": "9/18/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "40%"
|
||||
"text": "33.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "September 2030"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Deborah ROBINSON (since January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador-designate Julie STUFFT; Chargé d'Affaires Deborah ROBINSON (since January 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Rakhymzhan Koshkarbayev Avenue, No. 3, Astana 010010"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Tanegashima Space Center/Yoshinobu Launch Complex (Kagoshima), Uchinoura Space Center (Kagoshima), Noshiro Testing Center (Akita) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has one of the world’s largest and most advanced space programs with independent capabilities in all areas of space categories except for autonomous manned space flight; designs, builds, launches, and operates the full spectrum of satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), astronomical observation, scientific, and navigational/positional; designs, builds, and independently launches satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs) and other spacecraft, including interplanetary and Lunar probes, space station modules and space labs, and space transportation systems; has a wide range of research and development programs, including radio waves, robotics, reusable SLVs, solar sails, space-based astronomy, spacecraft components, and space plasma; has an astronaut training program; participates in international space programs, including the International Space Station (ISS) and the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope project, leading the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, and co-leading the Global Earth Observation System of Systems; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its individual member states, India, Russia, the UAE, the US, and a range of other countries and space agencies throughout Africa, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific regions; has a substantial commercial space industry that develops an array of space-related capabilities and technologies, including satellites, satellite payloads and subcomponents, and SLVs; in recent years, the Japanese Government has encouraged and supported the development of space startup companies (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has one of the world’s largest and most advanced space programs with independent capabilities in all areas of space categories except for autonomous manned space flight; designs, builds, launches, and operates the full spectrum of satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), astronomical observation, scientific, and navigational/positional; designs, builds, and independently launches satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs) and other spacecraft, including interplanetary and Lunar probes, space station labs and modules, and space transportation systems; has a wide range of research and development programs, including radio waves, robotics, reusable SLVs, solar sails, space-based astronomy, spacecraft components, and space plasma; has an astronaut training program; participates in international space programs, such as the International Space Station (ISS) and the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope project, leading the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, and co-leading the Global Earth Observation System of Systems; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its individual member states, India, Russia, the UAE, the US, and a range of other countries and space agencies throughout Africa, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific regions; has a commercial space industry that develops an array of space-related capabilities and technologies, including satellites, satellite payloads and subcomponents, and SLVs; in recent years, the Japanese Government has supported the development of space startup companies (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -880,7 +880,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Sohae Satellite Launching Station (aka Tongch'ang-dong Space Launch Center; North Pyongan province); Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground (North Hamgyong province) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "North Korea’s leader has emphasized the development of space capabilities, particularly space launch vehicles (SLVs) and remote sensing satellites; manufactures satellites and rockets/SLVs; independently launches rockets/SLVs; SLV program is viewed as closely related to the country's development of intercontinental ballistic missiles; passed a national space law in 2013, which was revised in 2022 to allow for the use of space for national defense purposes; has cooperated with Iran on space related technologies, and in June 2024, North Korea and Russia signed a mutual defense treaty which stated the two countries would “develop exchanges and joint research in science and technology including space” (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "North Korea’s leader has emphasized the development of space capabilities, particularly satellite launch vehicles (SLVs) and remote sensing satellites; manufactures satellites and rockets/SLVs; independently launches rockets/SLVs; SLV program is viewed as closely related to the country's development of intercontinental ballistic missiles; passed a national space law in 2013, which was revised in 2022 to allow for the use of space for national defense purposes; has cooperated with Iran on space related technologies, and in June 2024, North Korea and Russia signed a mutual defense treaty which stated the two countries would “develop exchanges and joint research in science and technology including space” (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ambassador Joseph (Joe) YUN (since January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Kevin KIM (since October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "188 Sejong-daero, Jongno-gu, Seoul"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Naro Space Center (South Jeolla province) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has an ambitious and growing space program focused on developing satellites, satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs), and interplanetary probes; has a national space strategy; manufacturers and operates satellites, including those with communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and multipurpose capabilities; manufactures and launches SLVs; developing interplanetary space vehicles, including orbital probes and landers; participates in international space programs and has relations with an array of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Australia, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK), India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Peru, Russia, UAE, and especially the US; has a robust and growing commercial space industry involved in the development of satellites and space launch capabilities (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has an ambitious space program focused on developing satellites, satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), and interplanetary probes; has a national space strategy; manufacturers and operates satellites, including those with communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and multipurpose capabilities; manufactures and launches SLVs; developing interplanetary space vehicles, including orbital probes and landers; participates in international space programs and has relations with an array of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Australia, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK), India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Peru, Russia, UAE, and the US; has a commercial space industry involved in the development of satellites and space launch capabilities (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "has launched feasibility studies for potential space launch sites in Pahang, Sabah, and Sarawak (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has a national space policy and a growing space program focused on the areas of remote sensing (RS), communication, and navigational services to support domestic economic sectors; also seeks to promote a domestic space industry; acquires, manufactures, and operates satellites; conducts research in RS capabilities and space sciences such as astronomy, atmospherics, space environment, and weather; has an astronaut training exchange program with Russia and has relations with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of the European Space Agency and some of its individual member states, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has a national space policy and program focused on the areas of remote sensing (RS), navigational services, and telecommunications to support domestic economic sectors; also seeks to promote a domestic space industry; acquires, manufactures, and operates satellites; conducts research in RS capabilities and space sciences such as astronomy, atmospherics, space environment, and weather; has an astronaut training exchange program with Russia and has relations with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of the European Space Agency and some of its individual member states, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -556,6 +556,9 @@
|
|||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "5/3/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "32.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -603,7 +606,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Graham MAYER (since August 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -598,8 +598,11 @@
|
|||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "5/11/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Socialist Party of Albania (PS) (83); Democratic Party - Alliance for a Greater Albania (PD-ASHM) (50); Other (7)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "35.7%"
|
||||
"text": "35%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "May 2029"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Kami A. WITMER (since 20 January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Art FISHER (since 19 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Boltzmanngasse 16, 1090, Vienna"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Aeronautics and Space Agency (ALR; established in 1972 as the Austrian Space Agency) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has a national space program; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including remote sensing and research/scientific satellites; member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU; works closely with ESA and EU member states and the commercial sector to develop a range of space capabilities and technologies, including applications for satellite payloads, space flight, and space research; also cooperates with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, India, Russia, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "established a national space program in 2002; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including remote sensing and research/scientific satellites; member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU; works closely with ESA and EU member states and the commercial sector to develop a range of space capabilities and technologies, including applications for satellite payloads, space flight, and space research; participates in a range of ESA/EU programs, such as Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST), Copernicus Earth observation, and Galileo global navigation satellite system; also cooperates with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, India, Russia, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Kathleen LIVELY (since July 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Bill WHITE (since 17 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Regentlaan 27 Boulevard du Regent, B-1000 Brussels"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy-Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium (BIRA-IASB; established 1964; IASB added 2017); Belgium Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), which acts as the de facto Belgian space agency; builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing platforms; researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle (SLV) components; provides funding for the ESA’s SLV program, as well as legal, scientific, and technological expertise; works closely with the EU on space; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); in addition to the ESA, EU, and their members states, has cooperated bi-laterally with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing platforms; researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle components; founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and participates in a variety of ESA, as well as EU projects, such as Space Surveillance and Tracking, Copernicus Earth observation, and Galileo global navigation satellite system; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); in addition to the ESA, EU, and their members states, has cooperated bi-laterally with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -574,10 +574,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "10/27/2024"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria Party (GERB) - Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) (69); We Continue the Change - Democratic Bulgaria (37); Revival (Vuzrazhdane) (35); Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) - New Beginning (30); Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) - United Left (20); Alliance for Rights and Freedoms (APS) (19); There is Such a People (PP-ITN) (18); Political Party Morality, Unity, Honour (PP MECh) (12)"
|
||||
"text": "Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria Party (GERB) - Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) (66); We Continue the Change - Democratic Bulgaria (36); Revival (Vuzrazhdane) (33); Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) - New Beginning (29); Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) - United Left (19); Alliance for Rights and Freedoms (APS) (19); There is Such a People (PP-ITN) (17); Other (21)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "21.3%"
|
||||
"text": "25%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "October 2028"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Mark STROH (since June 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Kenneth A. HOWERY (since 5 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Kobenhavn 0"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)"
|
||||
"text": "President Catherine CONNOLLY (since 11 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Michael MARTIN (since 23 January 2025)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "ANO (72); SPOLU (71); Pirate Party (Pirati) - Mayors and independents (STAN) (37); Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) (20)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "25.5%"
|
||||
"text": "33.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "October 2025"
|
||||
|
|
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires David WISNER (since June 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Nicholas MERRICK (since 23 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -445,7 +445,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "500 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "1,299,080,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.299 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires J. Chris KARBER (since July 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Howard W. Brodie (since 13 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Itainen Puistotie 14 B, 00140 Helsinki"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Josh HUCK (since 1 August 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Kimberly Ann GUILFOYLE (since 4 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "91 Vasillisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Hellenic Space Center (HSC; aka Hellenic Space Agency; established 2018) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "space program focused on building and operating satellites for communications and remote sensing (RS) purposes; researches and develops space-related technologies in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, defense, environmental studies, RS, and telecommunications; has a national space strategy; as a member of the European Space Agency (ESA), it contributes to, participates in, and benefits from ESA capabilities and programs; also participates in EU space programs, such as space situational awareness (SSA); also cooperates bilaterally with space agencies and commercial space sectors of ESA and EU member states, as well as the US; has a commercial space sector that researches, develops, and produces a variety of space technologies and capabilities, including satellite components, electronics, sensors, and telecommunications (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "space program focused on building and operating satellites for communications and remote sensing (RS) purposes; researches and develops space-related technologies in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, defense, environmental studies, RS, and telecommunications; has a national space strategy; as a member of the European Space Agency (ESA), it contributes to, participates in, and benefits from ESA capabilities and programs; also participates in EU space programs, such as Space Situational Awareness; also cooperates bilaterally with space agencies and commercial space sectors of ESA and EU member states, as well as the US; has a commercial space sector that researches, develops, and produces a variety of space technologies and capabilities, including satellite components, electronics, sensors, and telecommunications (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Trey LYONS (since January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Nicole McGRAW (since 21 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Ulica Thomasa Jeffersona 2, 10010 Zagreb"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "11/30/2024"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Social Democratic Alliance (S) (15); Independence Party (D) (14); Liberal Reform Party (C) (11); People’s Party (F) (10); Center Party (M) (8); Progressive Party (B) (5)"
|
||||
"text": "Social Democratic Alliance (SDA) (15); Independence Party (IP) (14); Liberal Reform Party (11); People’s Party (10); Center Party (8); Progressive Party (PP) (5)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "46%"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from mostly European suppliers (2024)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)<br><br>Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO, established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations<br><br>in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end; the agreement, along with NATO membership, is one of the two pillars of Iceland‘s security policy; since 2007 Iceland has concluded cooperation agreements with Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK which entail dialogue on security and defense issues as well as situational awareness and search and rescue; it also has regular consultations with Germany and France (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)<br><br>Iceland also cooperates with the militaries of other regional countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Joint Expeditionary Force (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK); in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end (2025)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -516,7 +516,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000)"
|
||||
"text": "Grand Duke GUILLAUME (since 3 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Luc FRIEDEN (since 17 November 2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Anthony BAIRD (since 21 July 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Stacey FEINBERG (since 13 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA; established 2018) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "LSA established largely to develop space policy, encourage and coordinate commercial space ventures, support space education, and to promote the country’s space-related capabilities internationally; has a national space strategy; has set up policy and funding initiatives (such as LuxIMPULSE) aimed at encouraging space research, development, innovation, and entrepreneurship and attracting space-based industries; focused on developing commercial satellites and infrastructure (Luxembourg is home to some of the largest commercial satellite companies in the world), as well as other space sector capabilities and technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, robotics, remote sensing (RS), communications, and software; member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005; participates in a variety of ESA programs and cooperates with individual ESA and EU member states; also has relations with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the UAE, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "LSA established largely to develop space policy, encourage and coordinate commercial space ventures, support space education, and to promote the country’s space-related capabilities internationally; has a national space strategy; has set up policy and funding initiatives (such as LuxIMPULSE) aimed at encouraging space research, development, innovation, and entrepreneurship and attracting space-based industries; focused on developing commercial satellites and infrastructure (Luxembourg is home to some of the largest commercial satellite companies in the world), as well as other space sector capabilities and technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, robotics, remote sensing (RS), communications, and software; member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005 and participates in a variety of ESA programs; cooperates bilaterally with individual ESA and EU member states; also has relations with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the UAE, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -561,16 +561,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "4 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "7/11/2021"
|
||||
"text": "9/28/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Action and Solidarity Party (PAS) (63); Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists (BECS) (32); Șor Party (PPȘ) (6)"
|
||||
"text": "Action and Solidarity Party (PAS) (55); Electoral Bloc “Patriotic of Socialists, Communists, Heart and Future of Moldova” (26); Alternative Bloc (8); Our Party (6); Democracy at Home Party (6)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "40%"
|
||||
"text": "37.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "September 2029"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "121.32 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "2,078,970,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.079 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "6.76 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ken TOKO (since 20 January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador-designate Somers FARKAS (since November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Ta' Qali National Park, Attard, ATD 4000"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -452,10 +452,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "2,184,700,000 cubic meters (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "2.185 billion cubic meters (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "5,784,500,000 cubic meters (2022)"
|
||||
"text": "5.784 billion cubic meters (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "265.086 million cubic meters (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Party for Freedom (PVV) (37); Labour Party (PvdA) (25); People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (24); New Social Contract (NSC) (20); Democrats 66 (D66) (9); Other (35)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "39.3%"
|
||||
"text": "42.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "October 2025"
|
||||
|
|
@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Marcus MICHELI (since January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Joseph POPOLO (since 29 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "John Adams Park 1, 2244 BZ Wassenaar"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Netherlands Space Office (NSO; established 2009) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has a national space program focused on the development of advanced space technologies and services based on satellite data; builds and operates a range of satellites, including communications and remote sensing (RS); researches and develops technologies related to astrophysics, telecommunications, RS, propulsion systems, atmospheric measuring instruments (such as spectrometers), planetary/exoplanetary research, and robotics; founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and active in the EU space community; hosts the ESA's main research and technology center; participates in the construction of European satellite launch vehicles and a range of other European space programs, such as Copernicus Earth observation and the Galileo global navigation satellite system; participates in international space programs, including the International Space Station and the Square Kilometer Array Project; also works with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Japan and the the US; has a robust commercial space sector tied in to the larger European space economy (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has a national space program focused on the development of advanced space technologies and services based on satellite data; builds and operates a range of satellites, including communications and remote sensing (RS); researches and develops technologies related to astrophysics, atmospheric measuring instruments (such as spectrometers), planetary/exoplanetary research, propulsion systems, RS, robotics, and telecommunications; founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and active in the EU space community; hosts the ESA's main research and technology center; participates in the construction of European satellite launch vehicles and a range of other European space programs, such as Copernicus Earth observation and the Galileo global navigation satellite system; participates in international space programs, including the International Space Station and the Square Kilometer Array Project; also works with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Japan and the US; has a robust commercial space sector tied in to the larger European space economy (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -589,16 +589,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "4 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "9/13/2021"
|
||||
"text": "9/8/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Labour Party (48); Conservative Party (36); Center Party (28); Progress Party (21); Socialist Left Party (13); Other (23)"
|
||||
"text": "Labour Party (53); Progress Party (47); Conservative Party (24); Socialist Left Party (9); Center Party (9); Red Party (9); Other (18)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "44.4%"
|
||||
"text": "40.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "September 2029"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Andøya Space Center (Andøya Island; note - first operational spaceport in continental Europe) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has a broad and active space program coordinated with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU; jointly designs and builds satellites with foreign partners, including communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and navigational/positional; operates satellites; develops and launches sounding rockets; researches and produces a range of other space-related technologies, including satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV) and space station components, telescopes, and robotics; conducts solar and telecommunications research; participates in international space programs, such as the International Space Station; hosts training for Mars landing missions on the island of Svalbard; active member of the ESA and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, ESA/EU member states, Japan, Russia, and the US; has an active and advanced space industry that cooperates with both the NOSA and foreign space programs and produces a variety of space-related products, from terminals for satellite communications and technologies for RS satellites to sensors for gamma radiation in deep space (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "jointly designs and builds satellites with foreign partners, including communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and navigational/positional; operates satellites; develops and launches sounding rockets; researches and produces a range of other space-related technologies, including satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV) and space station components, telescopes, and robotics; conducts solar and telecommunications research; member of the European Space Agency and space program is closely coordinated the organization, as well as with the EU; participates in international space programs, such as the International Space Station; hosts training for Mars landing missions on the island of Svalbard; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, ESA/EU member states, Japan, Russia, and the US; has an active and advanced space industry that cooperates with both the NOSA and foreign space programs and produces a variety of space-related products, from terminals for satellite communications and technologies for RS satellites to sensors for gamma radiation in deep space (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Stephanie HOLMES (since August 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Thomas ROSE (since 6 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, 00-540 Warsaw"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
"text": "co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Denise BRONZETTI and Italo RIGHI (for the period 1 April 2025 - 30 September 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Viraj LeBAILLY (since August 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Christine TORETTI (since 21 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Steven C. BONDY (since 9 February 2022)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Elizabeth A. LITCHFIELD (since September 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Building 979, Road 3119, Block 331, Zinj District, P.O. Box 26431, Manama"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Georgian Dream (89); Coalition for Changes (19); Unity - National Movement (16); Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14); For Georgia (12)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "12.4%"
|
||||
"text": "16.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "October 2028"
|
||||
|
|
@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Robin L. DUNNIGAN (since 12 October 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Alan S. Purcell (since 16 July 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Imam Khomeini Space Center (aka Semnan Space Center; Semnan province); Shahroud Space Center (Semnan Province; IRGC-operated); Chabahar Space Center (Sistan and Baluchistan Province; under development) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has an ambitious civil and military space program focused on acquiring and operating satellites and developing indigenous satellite/space launch vehicles (SLV); designs, builds, and operates satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific; manufactures and operates SLVs; researching and developing other space-related capabilities and technologies in such areas as telecommunications, RS, navigation, and space situational awareness; UN Security Council and other international sanctions against Iran’s weapons of mass destruction program have severely limited Iran’s cooperation with foreign space agencies and commercial space industries; in recent years, however, it has cooperated with North Korea and Russia on space issues; Iran has also had relations with regional and international space organizations, such as the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization and the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization; it was a founding member of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) established in 1958; has a private space industry involved in the development and production of satellites, satellite payloads, and other space technologies (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has an ambitious civil and military space program focused on acquiring and operating satellites and developing indigenous satellite launch vehicles (SLV); designs, builds, and operates satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific; manufactures and operates SLVs; researching and developing other space-related capabilities and technologies in such areas as telecommunications, RS, navigation, and space situational awareness; UN Security Council and other international sanctions against Iran’s weapons of mass destruction program have severely limited Iran’s cooperation with foreign space agencies and commercial space industries; in recent years, however, it has cooperated with North Korea and Russia on space issues; Iran has also had relations with regional and international space organizations, such as the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization and the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization; it was a founding member of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) established in 1958; has a private space industry involved in the development and production of satellites, satellite payloads, and other space technologies (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ambassador Steven H. FAGIN (since 29 May 2025); note - Ambassador Fagin has served as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Yemen since 2022 and will remain accredited as Ambassador there during his time in Baghdad"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ambassador Joshua HARRIS (since 2 September 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Al-Kindi Street, International Zone, Baghdad; note - consulate in Al Basrah closed as of 28 September 2018"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
"Terrorist group(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Ansar al-Islam; Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq al-Naqshabandi; Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)",
|
||||
"text": "Ansar al-Islam; Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Harakat al-Nujaba (HAN); Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya (HAAA); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq al-Naqshabandi; Kata'ib Hizballah; Kata’ib al-Imam Ali (KIA); Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada (KSS); Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Peter T. SHEA (since 29 June 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador-designate James HOLTSNIDER (since October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Lisa A. JOHNSON (since 6 February 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Michel ISSA (since 17 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Awkar facing the Municipality<br>P.O. Box 70-840 Antelias, Beirut"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "unicameral"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"number of seats": {
|
||||
"text": "45 (30 directly elected; 15 appointed)"
|
||||
"text": "49 (all appointed)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electoral system": {
|
||||
"text": "plurality/majority"
|
||||
|
|
@ -535,13 +535,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "4 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "10/2/2021"
|
||||
"text": "10/9/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "4.4%"
|
||||
"text": "6.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "September 2029"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "unicameral"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"number of seats": {
|
||||
"text": "250 (all directly elected)"
|
||||
"text": "210 (140 indirectly elected; 70 appointed)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electoral system": {
|
||||
"text": "plurality/majority"
|
||||
|
|
@ -549,13 +549,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "4 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "7/15/2024"
|
||||
"text": "10/5/2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "9.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "March 2030"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "5/14/2023"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Justice and Development Party (AKP) (267); Republican People's Party (CHP) (130); Green and the Left Party of the Future (YSGP) (57); Nationalist Action Party (MHP) (50); Good Party (İyi Party) (44); Other (52)"
|
||||
"text": "Justice and Development Party (Ak Party) (267); Republican People's Party (CHP) (130); Green and the Left Party of the Future (YSGP) (57); Nationalist Action Party (MHP) (50); Good Party (İyi Party) (44); Other (52)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "19.9%"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1205,11 +1205,11 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> after completing six months of service, if a conscripted soldier wants to and is suitable for extending his military service, he may do so for an additional six months in return for a monthly salary; all male Turkish citizens over the age of 20 are required to undergo a one month military training period, but they can obtain an exemption from the remaining 5 months of their mandatory service by paying a fee <br><strong><br>note 2:</strong> as of 2021, women made up about 0.4% of the military's full-time personnel"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 200 Azerbaijan; approximately 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); approximately 30,000 Cyprus; 325 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); estimated 500 Libya; estimated 3,000 Qatar; estimated 800 Somalia (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "approximately 200 Azerbaijan; approximately 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); approximately 30,000 Cyprus; 325 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); estimated 500 Libya; estimated 3,000 Qatar; estimated 1,000 Somalia (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Turkey estimated to maintain several thousand military forces in both Iraq and Syria"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the responsibilities of the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) include protecting the country's territory and sovereignty, participating in international peacekeeping operations, fulfilling Türkiye’s military commitments to NATO, providing disaster/humanitarian relief and assistance to domestic law enforcement if requested by civil authorities, and supporting the country's overall national security interests; it also has overall responsibility for the security of Türkiye’s borders; key areas of focus for the TAF are its operations in Syria, a protracted counterinsurgency campaign against the US-designated terrorist group the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK), territorial disputes with fellow NATO member Greece, regional conflicts, and threats from Islamic terrorist groups<br><br>Türkiye is active in international peacekeeping and other military/security operations under NATO and the UN, as well as under bilateral agreements with some countries, such as Azerbaijan, Libya, Somalia, and Qatar; Türkiye has been a member of NATO since 1952 and hosts the headquarters for a NATO Land Command and a Rapid Deployment Corps, multiple airbases for NATO and US aircraft, NATO air/missile defense systems, and training centers; the TAF is the second-largest military in NATO behind the US<br><br>the military traces its history back to 200 B.C., although the modern TAF was formed following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the conclusion of the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923); the TAF traditionally has been viewed as the “guardian” of Turkish politics, but its political role was diminished after the failed 2016 coup attempt; the military has a stake in Türkiye's economy through a holding company that is involved in the automotive, energy, finance, and logistics sectors, as well as iron and steel production (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "the responsibilities of the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) include protecting the country's territory and sovereignty, participating in international peacekeeping operations, fulfilling Türkiye’s military commitments to NATO, providing disaster/humanitarian relief and assistance to domestic law enforcement if requested by civil authorities, and supporting the country's overall national security interests; it also has overall responsibility for the security of Türkiye’s borders<br><br>Türkiye is active in international peacekeeping and other military/security operations under NATO and the UN, as well as under bilateral agreements with some countries, such as Azerbaijan, Libya, Somalia, and Qatar; Türkiye has been a member of NATO since 1952 and hosts the headquarters for a NATO Land Command and a Rapid Deployment Corps, multiple airbases for NATO and US aircraft, NATO air/missile defense systems, and training centers; the TAF is the second-largest military in NATO behind the US<br><br>the military traces its history back to 200 B.C., although the modern TAF was formed following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the conclusion of the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923); the TAF traditionally has been viewed as the “guardian” of Turkish politics, but its political role was diminished after the failed 2016 coup attempt; the military has a stake in Türkiye's economy through a holding company that is involved in the automotive, energy, finance, and logistics sectors, as well as iron and steel production (2025)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Turkish Space Agency (TUA; established 2018) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space launch site(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "rocket test launch site on the Black Sea in Sinop Province; constructing a rocket launch facility in Somalia as of early 2025 (2025)"
|
||||
"text": "rocket test launch site on the Black Sea in Sinop Province; constructing a rocket launch facility in Somalia as of 2025 (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has an ambitious national space program with a focus on satellites, satellite components, software development, ground station technologies, and building up the country’s space industries; manufactures and operates remote sensing and telecommunications satellites; in recent years has initiated a space launch vehicle (SLV) program with the goal of independently placing satellites into orbit and a probe on the Moon; has established relations with more than 25 foreign space agencies and corporations, including those of Azerbaijan, China, France, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US, as well as the European Space Agency; has state-owned rocket and satellite development companies, including some under the Ministry of Defense; also has a growing private space industry sector, and the Turkish Government has pledged to increase the country's share of the global space market (2025)",
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Churchill Rocket Research Range in Manitoba was used for rocket testing from 1956-1985"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has a substantial program, a national space strategy, and a long history of developing space-related technologies; designs, builds, operates, and tracks communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, and scientific/testing satellites; has an astronaut program; designs, builds, or contributes to a variety of other space-related programs, including space telescopes, planetary probes, lunar rovers, sensors, and robotic systems (such as the Canadian-made robotic arms used on the US Space Shuttle and the International Space Station); participates in international space efforts and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Brazil, the European Space Agency (ESA)/EU (and their member states), India, and particularly the US; ESA Cooperating State since 1979; has a robust commercial space sector that is involved in navigation, optics, satellite communications, space exploration, and space science (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "has a national space strategy and a long history of developing space-related technologies; designs, builds, operates, and tracks communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, and scientific/testing satellites; has an astronaut program; involved in the development and production of advanced communications systems, lunar rovers, planetary probes, robotics, sensors, and space telescopes; participates in international space programs, including the International Space Station, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope, and the James Webb Space Telescope; Cooperating State of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 1979 and participates in a variety of ESA programs, such as the Copernicus Earth observation project; cooperates bilaterally with numerous foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Brazil, ESA and EU member states, Japan, India, and particularly the US; has a commercial space sector that is involved in navigation, optics, satellite communications, space exploration, and space science (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Consul Monica BLAND (since July 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "Consul Susan A. \"Suzi\" WILSON (since August 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Aalisartut Aqqutaa 47<br>Nuuk 3900<br>Greenland"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Republican Party (220); Democratic Party (215)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "29%"
|
||||
"text": "29.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "November 2026"
|
||||
|
|
@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Democratic Party<br>Green Party<br>Libertarian Party<br>Republican Party"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
|
||||
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Independence": {
|
||||
"text": "4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Heidi Gómez RÁPALO (since 11 July 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Peter LAMELAS (since 4 November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Avenida Colombia 4300, (C1425GMN) Buenos Aires"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -601,16 +601,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "5 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "8/17/2025"
|
||||
"text": "10/18/2020"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) (75); Civic Community (C.C) (39); Creemos (16)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "46.2%"
|
||||
"text": "50.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "August 2030"
|
||||
"text": "August 2025"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -630,16 +630,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "5 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "8/17/2025"
|
||||
"text": "10/18/2020"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) (21); Civic Community (C.C) (11); Creemos (4)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "55.6%"
|
||||
"text": "58.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "August 2030"
|
||||
"text": "August 2025"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Alcantara Launch Center (Maranhão state); Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (Rio Grande do Norte state) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has an active program with a long history; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, navigational, and scientific/testing/research; satellites are launched by foreign partners, but Brazil has a long-standing sounding (research) rocket and space launch vehicle (SLV) program and rocket launch facilities; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Canada, the European Space Agency and individual member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; has a state-controlled communications company that operates Brazil’s communications satellites and a growing commercial space sector with expertise in satellite technology (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, navigational, and scientific/testing/research; satellites are launched by foreign partners, but Brazil has a long-standing sounding (research) rocket and satellite launch vehicle (SLV) program and rocket launch facilities; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Canada, the European Space Agency and individual member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; has a state-controlled communications company that operates Brazil’s communications satellites and a growing commercial space sector with expertise in satellite technology (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -669,7 +669,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Richard T. (Rick) YONEOKA (since January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador-designate Brandon JUDD (since November 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "the Chilean Space Agency was established in 2001 and dissolved in 2014, at which time the space program became part of the Ministry of Defense; the Ministry of Science also participates in Chile’s space program (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "space program focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; building small remote sensing satellites; developing additional capabilities and technologies for the production of satellites and satellite sub-systems; is a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics; Chile has several astronomy institutes, and the Atacama Desert is home to more than a dozen astronomical observatories, including the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Las Campanas Observatory, and the European Southern Observatory; has established relations with space agencies and industries of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Mexico, Russia, the UK, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "space program focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; building small remote sensing satellites; developing additional capabilities and technologies for the production of satellites and satellite sub-systems; is a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics; has several astronomy institutes, and the Atacama Desert is home to more than a dozen astronomical observatories, including the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Las Campanas Observatory, and the European Southern Observatory; has established relations with space agencies and industries of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Mexico, Russia, the UK, and the US (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "549 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "8,076,000,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.076 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1191,6 +1191,11 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
"Terrorist group(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Los Choneros; Los Lobos"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -547,13 +547,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "the predesignated candidate of the winning party in the last National Assembly election becomes president for a 5-year term (no term limits); prime minister appointed by the president"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "2 March 2020"
|
||||
"text": "1 September 2025"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<br><em>2020:</em> Mohammed Irfaan ALI (PPP/C) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly<br><br><em>2015:</em> David GRANGER (APNU-AFC) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly"
|
||||
"text": "2025: Mohammed Irfaan ALI (PPP/C) reelected president by the majority party in the National Assembly<br><br><em>2020:</em> Mohammed Irfaan ALI (PPP/C) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly<br><br><em>2015:</em> David GRANGER (APNU-AFC) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "1 September 2025"
|
||||
"text": "August 2030"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the president is both chief of state and head of government"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -568,10 +568,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "National Assembly"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"number of seats": {
|
||||
"text": "69 (all directly elected)"
|
||||
"text": "72 (all directly elected)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electoral system": {
|
||||
"text": "mixed system"
|
||||
"text": "proportional representation"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"scope of elections": {
|
||||
"text": "full renewal"
|
||||
|
|
@ -580,16 +580,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "5 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"most recent election date": {
|
||||
"text": "9/1/2025"
|
||||
"text": "3/2/2020"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||||
"text": "People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) (33); A Partnership for National Unity - Alliance for Change (APNU-AFC) (31); Other (1)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "39.4%"
|
||||
"text": "36.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "August 2030"
|
||||
"text": "September 2025"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "in 2024, Peru and the US signed an agreement to construct a spaceport in the Talara Desert in the Piura region"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "has a small space program focused on acquiring satellites, applying space applications such as data satellite imagery, and building small rockets; has built a small science/technology satellite; operates satellites and processes satellite imagery data; builds and launches sounding rockets with goal of developing a satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV); researching, developing, and acquiring technologies for manufacturing satellites and satellite payloads with a focus on remote sensing (RS) capabilities; member of Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) since its formation in 2021; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and individual member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, and the US, as well as other signatories of the ALCE (2025)",
|
||||
"text": "space program focused on acquiring satellites, applying space applications such as data satellite imagery, and building small rockets; has built a small science/technology satellite; operates satellites and processes satellite imagery data; builds and launches sounding rockets with ultimate goal of developing a satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV); researching, developing, and acquiring technologies for manufacturing satellites and satellite payloads, including remote sensing (RS) capabilities; member of Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) since its formation in 2021; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and individual member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, and the US, as well as other signatories of the ALCE (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -414,17 +414,17 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "20 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "17 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "3 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "320 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "318 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "78 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -788,10 +788,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$740.333 million (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$740.328 million (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$591.697 million (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$802.177 million (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -444,17 +444,17 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||||
"municipal": {
|
||||
"text": "810 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "805 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industrial": {
|
||||
"text": "830 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "831 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"agricultural": {
|
||||
"text": "11.31 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.31 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "52.8 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "52.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -849,10 +849,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.365 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$9.387 billion (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$15.477 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$17.144 billion (2023 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Jorgan K. ANDREWS (since January 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador-designate Sergio GOR (since 11 October 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1273,8 +1273,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Space": {
|
||||
"Space agency/agencies": {
|
||||
"text": "Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO; originally established in 1962 as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR); renamed ISRO in 1969); the ISRO is subordinate to the Department of Space (DOS; established 1972); Defense Space Agency (DSA; established 2019 to command the space assets of the Armed Forces and other defense organizations) (2025)<br><br>note: India’s first space organization was the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR; established 1962)",
|
||||
"note": "note: India’s first space organization was the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR; established 1962)"
|
||||
"text": "Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO; originally established in 1962 as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR); renamed ISRO in 1969); Defense Space Agency (DSA; established 2019) (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the ISRO is subordinate to the Department of Space (DOS; established 1972)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space launch site(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Satish Dhawan Space Center (aka Sriharikota Range; located in Andhra Pradesh); Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (Kerala) (2025)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Nepali Congress (NC) (89); Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, UML) (78); Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre (CPN-MC) (32); Rastriya Swatantra Party (20); Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal (RPP) (14); People's Socialist Party, Nepal (12); Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) (10); Janamat Party (6); Democratic Socialist Party, Nepal (4); People's Freedom Party (3); Nepal Workers Peasants Party (1); Rastriya Janamorcha (1); Independents (5)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||||
"text": "33.5%"
|
||||
"text": "0%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||||
"text": "5 March 2026; note - Parliament was dissolved by the President on 12 September following violent protests, the resignation of the Prime Minister, and the appointment of an interim prime minister with new elections set for March 2026"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1272,13 +1272,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "none; missile test sites at Somiani (Balochistan) and Tilla Jogian (Punjab) (2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Space program overview": {
|
||||
"text": "space program dates back to the early 1960s but funding shortfalls and shifts in priority toward ballistic missile development in the 1980s and 1990s hampered the program’s development; more recently, the program has regained attention and become more ambitious, particularly in acquiring satellites and reaching agreements with other space powers for additional capabilities; manufactures and operates satellites; researching and developing other space-related capabilities and technologies, such as satellite payloads and probably satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs); also conducts research in such areas as astronomy, astrophysics, environmental monitoring, and space sciences; has relations or cooperation agreements on space with China, Russia, and Turkey (cooperated with the UK and US prior to the 1990s) (2024)",
|
||||
"text": "space program dates back to the early 1960s but funding shortfalls and shifts in priority toward ballistic missile development in the 1980s and 1990s hampered the program’s development; more recently, the program has received greater attention with a focus on acquiring satellites and reaching agreements with other space powers for additional capabilities; manufactures and operates satellites; researching and developing other space-related capabilities and technologies, such as satellite payloads; also conducts research in such areas as astronomy, astrophysics, environmental monitoring, and space sciences; has relations or cooperation agreements on space with China, Russia, and Turkey (cooperated with the UK and US prior to the 1990s) (2025)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
"Terrorist group(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "al-Qa’ida; al-Qa’ida in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS); Haqqani Network (HQN); Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI); Harakat ul-Mujahidin; Hizbul Mujahideen;<strong> </strong>Indian Mujahedeen; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan (ISIS-K); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – India (ISI); Islamic State of ash-Sham – Pakistan (ISP); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM); Jaysh al Adl (Jundallah); Lashkar i Jhangvi (LJ); Lashkar-e Tayyiba (LeT); The Resistance Front (TRF); Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) ",
|
||||
"text": "al-Qa’ida; al-Qa’ida in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS); Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA); Haqqani Network (HQN); Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI); Harakat ul-Mujahidin; Hizbul Mujahideen;<strong> </strong>Indian Mujahedeen; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan (ISIS-K); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – India (ISI); Islamic State of ash-Sham – Pakistan (ISP); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM); Jaysh al Adl (Jundallah); Lashkar i Jhangvi (LJ); Lashkar-e Tayyiba (LeT); The Resistance Front (TRF); Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), an armed separatist group that targets security forces and civilians, has been active in Pakistan since the 2000s, mainly in ethnic Baloch areas of the country; in 2019, the US designated BLA as Specially Designated Global Terrorists"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -767,9 +767,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "68% (2024 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>top ten countries by Internet usage (in millions):</strong> 854 China; 560 India; 293 United States; 171 Indonesia; 149 Brazil; 123 Nigeria; 119 Japan; 116 Russia; 96 Bangladesh; 88 Mexico (2023)"
|
||||
"text": "74% (2025 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue