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auto-update week 30
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}
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"Environmental issues": {
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"text": "natural and man-made changes to the ocean's physical, chemical, and biological systems "
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},
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"Environment - international agreements": {
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"International environmental agreements": {
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"text": "the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing)<br> <p><strong>note:</strong> mineral exploitation except for scientific research is banned by the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty; additionally, many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north</p>"
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},
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"Climate": {
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"People and Society": {
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"Environmental issues": {
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"text": "marine pollution from ocean dumping, improper waste disposal, and oil spills; oil pollution in Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea; threats to coral reefs; loss of biodiversity; endangered marine species "
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},
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"Climate": {
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"People and Society": {
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"Environmental issues": {
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"text": "changes in biodiversity and temperature; water pollution from use of toxic chemicals; endangered marine species; ecosystem slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack"
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},
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"Climate": {
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}
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"Environmental issues": {
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"text": "endangered marine species; fishery issues (over-fishing, unregulated bottom trawling, drift-net fishing, discards, catch of non-target species); pollution (maritime transport, discharges, offshore drilling, oil spills, improperly disposed waste); municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of America, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea"
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},
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"Climate": {
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"People and Society": {
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"Environmental issues": {
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"text": "pollution from sources such as sewage, nutrient runoff from agriculture, plastic pollution, and toxic waste; habitat destruction; overfishing; sea level-rise and ocean acidification; endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea"
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},
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"Climate": {
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