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Gerald Bauer
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, overthrew the father in a bloodless coup in 1995. In short order, HAMAD oversaw the creation of the pan-Arab satellite news network Al-Jazeera and Qatar's pursuit of a leadership role in mediating regional conflicts. In the 2000s, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. As of 2007, oil and natural gas revenues had enabled Qatar to attain the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar has not experienced domestic unrest or violence like that seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2010-11, due in part to its immense wealth. Since the outbreak of regional unrest, however, Doha has prided itself on its support for many of these popular revolutions, particularly in Libya and Syria. In mid-2013, HAMAD transferred power to his 33 year-old son, the current Amir TAMIM bin Hamad - a peaceful abdication rare in the history of Arab Gulf states. TAMIM has prioritized improving the domestic welfare of Qataris, including establishing advanced healthcare and education systems and expanding the country's infrastructure in anticipation of Doha's hosting of the 2022 World Cup."
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"text": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar within the last 60 years transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. The continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenue through the mid-1990s by Qatari amirs permanently residing in Europe had stunted Qatar’s economic growth. Former amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, who overthrew his father in a bloodless coup in 1995, ushered in wide-sweeping political and media reforms, unprecedented economic investment, and a growing Qatari regional leadership role, in part through the creation of the pan-Arab satellite news network Al-Jazeera and Qatar's mediation of some regional conflicts. In the 2000s, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and by 2007 had attained the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar did not experience domestic unrest or violence like that seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2010-11, due in part to its immense wealth. Since the outbreak of regional unrest, however, Doha has prided itself on its support for many of these popular revolutions, particularly in Libya and Syria, although to the detriment of Qatar’s relations with Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which temporarily recalled their respective ambassadors from Qatar. In mid-2013, HAMAD transferred power to his 33 year-old son, the current Amir TAMIM bin Hamad - a peaceful abdication rare in the history of Arab Gulf states. TAMIM oversaw a warming of Qatar’s relations with Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE by later in 2014 and prioritized improving the domestic welfare of Qataris, including establishing advanced healthcare and education systems and expanding the country's infrastructure in anticipation of Doha's hosting of the 2022 World Cup."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -81,6 +81,9 @@
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "130 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "most of the population is clustered in or around the capital of Doha on the eastern side of the peninsula"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "haze, dust storms, sandstorms common"
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},
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@ -174,6 +177,9 @@
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "18.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "most of the population is clustered in or around the capital of Doha on the eastern side of the peninsula"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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"text": "99.2% of total population (2015)"
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@ -331,7 +337,7 @@
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"text": "Qatar"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "closest approximation of the native pronunciation is cutter"
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"text": "closest approximation of the native pronunciation is gattar or cottar"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the origin of the name is uncertain, but it dates back at least 2,000 years since a term \"Catharrei\" was used to describe the inhabitants of the peninsula by Pliny the Elder (1st century A.D.), and a \"Catara\" peninsula is depicted on a map by Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.)"
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@ -352,7 +358,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "7 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Khawr wa adh Dhakhirah, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Ash Shamal, Az Za'ayin, Umm Salal"
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"text": "8 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Khawr wa adh Dhakhirah, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Ash Shamal, Ash Shihaniyah, Az Za'ayin, Umm Salal"
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},
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"Independence": {
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"text": "3 September 1971 (from the UK)"
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@ -436,10 +442,10 @@
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"text": "2555 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037"
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},
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"telephone": {
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"text": "[1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603"
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"text": "[1] (202) 274-1600"
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},
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"FAX": {
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"text": "[1] (202) 237-0061"
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"text": "[1] (202) 237-0682"
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},
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"consulate(s) general": {
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"text": "Houston, Los Angeles"
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@ -450,7 +456,7 @@
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"text": "Ambassador Dana Shell SMITH (since 8 September 2014)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "22 February Road, Al-Luqta District, Doha"
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"text": "22 February Road, Al Luqta District, Doha"
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},
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"mailing address": {
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"text": "P. O. Box 2399, Doha"
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@ -473,7 +479,7 @@
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"name": {
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"text": "\"Al-Salam Al-Amiri\" (The Peace for the Anthem)"
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"text": "\"Al-Salam Al-Amiri\" (The Amiri Salute)"
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},
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"lyrics/music": {
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"text": "Sheikh MUBARAK bin Saif al-Thani/Abdul Aziz Nasser OBAIDAN"
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@ -488,44 +494,44 @@
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"text": "Qatar has prospered in the last several years with continued high real GDP growth, but low oil prices have dampened the outlook. Qatar was the only Gulf Cooperation Council member that avoided a budget deficit in 2015, but it projects a $12.8 billion deficit, 6% of GDP in 2016. ++ ++ GDP is driven largely by the oil and gas sector; however, growth in manufacturing, construction, and financial services have lifted the non-oil sectors to just over half of Qatar’s nominal GDP. Economic policy is focused on sustaining Qatar's non-associated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors, but oil and gas still account for roughly 92% of export earnings, and 56% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar the world's highest per-capita income country and the country with the lowest unemployment. Proved oil reserves in excess of 25 billion barrels should enable continued output at current levels for about 56 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 25 trillion cubic meters, about 13% of the world total and third largest in the world. ++ ++ Qatar's successful 2022 World Cup bid is accelerating large-scale infrastructure projects such as its metro system, light rail system, construction of a new port, roads, stadiums and related sporting infrastructure."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$319.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $309.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $297.8 billion (2013 est.)",
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"text": "$334.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $325.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $314.4 billion (2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$185.4 billion (2015 est.)"
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"text": "$156.6 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.6% (2013 est.)"
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"text": "2.6% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
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"text": "$132,100 (2015 est.) ++ $138,600 (2014 est.) ++ $145,600 (2013 est.)",
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"text": "$129,700 (2016 est.) ++ $134,600 (2015 est.) ++ $140,700 (2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
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}
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"text": "47% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 59.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
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"text": "42.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 47% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.6% of GDP (2014 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - composition, by end use": {
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"household consumption": {
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"text": "22%"
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"text": "25.7%"
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},
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"government consumption": {
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"text": "19.4%"
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"text": "22.6%"
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},
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"investment in fixed capital": {
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"text": "37.2%"
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"text": "44.8%"
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},
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"investment in inventories": {
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"text": "1.5%"
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"text": "1.7%"
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},
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"exports of goods and services": {
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"text": "55.4%"
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"text": "46.5%"
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},
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"imports of goods and services": {
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"text": "-35.5% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-41.3% (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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"text": "0.1%"
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},
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"industry": {
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"text": "55.7%"
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"text": "51.1%"
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},
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"services": {
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"text": "44.1% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "48.8% (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Agriculture - products": {
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@ -546,13 +552,13 @@
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"text": "liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair"
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},
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"Industrial production growth rate": {
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"text": "2% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.5% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Labor force": {
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"text": "1.644 million (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.691 million (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Unemployment rate": {
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"text": "0.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "0.7% (2016 est.) ++ 0.4% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Population below poverty line": {
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"text": "NA%"
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@ -567,50 +573,50 @@
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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"text": "$57.45 billion"
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"text": "$41.71 billion"
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},
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"expenditures": {
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"text": "$56.44 billion (2015 est.)"
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"text": "$53.95 billion (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "31% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"text": "26.6% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "0.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Public debt": {
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"text": "41.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
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"text": "55.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 41.6% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "1 April - 31 March"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"text": "1.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.7% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Central bank discount rate": {
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"text": "4.5% (31 December 2012) ++ 4.93% (31 December 2011)"
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},
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"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
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"text": "4.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of narrow money": {
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"text": "$34.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.14 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$34.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $34.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of broad money": {
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"text": "$155.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of domestic credit": {
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"text": "$200.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $168.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$218.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $200.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
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"text": "$126.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $125.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $123.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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"text": "$142.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $185.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $152.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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},
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"Current account balance": {
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"text": "$9.146 billion (2015 est.) ++ $49.66 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "-$2.885 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.75 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exports": {
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"text": "$77.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $126.7 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$64.69 billion (2016 est.) ++ $77.29 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exports - commodities": {
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"text": "liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel"
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"text": "Japan 25.4%, India 14.6%, China 8.4%, UAE 6.8%, Singapore 5.6%, UK 5.5%, Thailand 4.2% (2015)"
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},
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"Imports": {
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"text": "$28.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.15 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$33.76 billion (2016 est.) ++ $28.5 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Imports - commodities": {
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"text": "machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals"
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"text": "China 11.9%, US 11.3%, UAE 9%, Germany 7.7%, Japan 6.7%, UK 5.9%, Italy 4.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.4% (2015)"
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},
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
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"text": "$37.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$36.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $37.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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"text": "$141.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$159.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $141.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
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"text": "$34.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$35.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $34.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
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"text": "$49.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $45.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$52.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates": {
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"text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - ++ 3.64 (2015 est.) ++ 3.64 (2014 est.) ++ 3.64 (2013 est.) ++ 3.64 (2012 est.) ++ 3.64 (2011 est.)"
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"text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - ++ 3.64 (2016 est.) ++ 3.64 (2015 est.) ++ 3.64 (2014 est.) ++ 3.64 (2013 est.) ++ 3.64 (2012 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Energy": {
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"Electricity access": {
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"population without electricity": {
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"text": "45,165"
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},
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"electrification - total population": {
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"text": "98%"
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},
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"electrification - urban areas": {
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"text": "98%"
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},
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"electrification - rural areas": {
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"text": "93% (2012)"
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}
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},
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"Electricity - production": {
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"text": "36 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
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},
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"text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 180 telephones per 100 persons"
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},
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"international": {
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"text": "country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2015)"
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"text": "country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; sa (2015)"
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}
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},
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"Broadcast media": {
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"text": "TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jazeera claims editorial independence in broadcasting; local radio transmissions include state, private, and international broadcasters on FM frequencies in Doha; in August 2013, Qatar's satellite company Es'hailSat launched its first communications satellite Es'hail 1 (manufactured in the US), which entered commercial service in December 2013 to provide improved television broadcasting capability and expand availability of voice and internet; Es'hailSat released a request for proposals in March 2014 for its second satellite to launch in 2016 (2014)"
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"text": "TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jaze (2014)"
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},
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"Internet country code": {
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"text": ".qa"
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